title: Effects of preterm birth and fetal growth retardation on life-course cardiovascular risk factors among schoolchildren from Colombia: The FUPRECOL study.
abstract: Both fetal growth restriction and prematurity have been associated with cardiometabolic risk in youth and adults, however, data on their combined effects on cardiometabolic health in youth are scarce.
  
  
  
  This study aimed at assessing the effects of birth weight and gestational age combined on life-course cardiovascular risk factors and obesity among schoolchildren from Colombia.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  Participants comprised 2510 Colombian schoolchildren (54.8% girls) aged 9-17.9years.
  
  
  
  Four groups were created according to WHO criteria: those born at term with an appropriate birth weight (≥2500g to ≤4000g) for gestational age (term AGA); those born preterm (<37 to <42 completed weeks) with an appropriate birth weight for gestational age (preterm AGA); those born at term with low birth weight for gestational age (term SGA); and those born preterm with low birth weight for gestational age (preterm SGA). Anthropometric markers (body mass, height, waist circumference, and body mass index), blood pressure, lipids profile, fasting glucose, and pubertal stage were assessed. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by de Ferranti definition.
  
  
  
  There were differences between the 4 groups for calendar age (p=0.011), body mass (p=0.001), height (p=0.001), and body mass index (p=0.027). Overall, preterm SGA group had a greater risk for having elevated fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome (total sample and in boys) compared with term AGA group (p<0.05). For other cardiovascular risk factors, no significant relationships were observed based on birth characteristics.
  
  
  
  School-age children and adolescents with combined fetal growth restriction and prematurity exhibited an increased prevalence of glucose risk and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Robinson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Vélez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Jorge Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Correa-Bautista
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Area of Physical Education and Sport, University of Almería, Almería, Spain; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villa-González
authors.affiliation: Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Torres
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Section, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hackney
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: antonio.garcia.h@usach.cl.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Hermoso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003105:Colombia; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male
keywords: Blood pressure; Dyslipidemias; Glucose metabolism; Low birth weight; Metabolic syndrome; Premature birth