title: Activating Killer Immunoglobulin Receptors and HLA-C: a successful combination providing HIV-1 control.
abstract: Several studies demonstrated a relevant role of polymorphisms located within the HLA-B and -C loci and the Killer Immunoglobulin Receptors (KIRs) 3DL1 and 3DS1 in controlling HIV-1 replication. KIRs are regulatory receptors expressed at the surface of NK and CD8+ T-cells that specifically bind HLA-A and -B alleles belonging to the Bw4 supratype and all the -C alleles expressing the C1 or C2 supratype. We here disclose a novel signature associated with the Elite Controller but not with the long-term nonprogressor status concerning 2DS activating KIRs and HLA-C2 alleles insensitive to miRNA148a regulation. Overall, our findings support a crucial role of NK cells in the control of HIV-1 viremia.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Virology, Division of Immunology, transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Malnati
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ugolotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Unit of biostatistics and clinical epidemiology University of Pavia, Pavia Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Virology, Division of Immunology, transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide De
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Battista
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bordo
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Virology, Division of Immunology, transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sironi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larghero
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Eddi Di
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Virology, Division of Immunology, transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.affiliation: Unit of Viral Pathogens and Biosafety, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Chair of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University of Milan,"L. Sacco" Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Chair of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University of Milan,"L. Sacco" Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tambussi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozza
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marras
authors.affiliation: IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.|Department of Health Science, DISSAL and Center for excellence in Biomedical Research CEBR University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pistorio
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biassoni
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; D018450:Disease Progression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015236:HLA-C Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D054340:Receptors, KIR