title: Feeding a High Concentration Diet Induces Unhealthy Alterations in the Composition and Metabolism of Ruminal Microbiota and Host Response in a Goat Model.
abstract: There is limited knowledge about the impact of long-term feeding a high-concentrate (HC) diet on rumen microbiota, metabolome, and host cell functions. In this study, a combination of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics techniques, 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA genes, and RT-PCR was applied to evaluate the changes of ruminal microbiota composition, ruminal metabolites, and related genes expression in rumen epithelial cells of lactating goats received either a 35% concentrate diet or a 65% concentrate diet for 4 or 19 weeks, respectively. Results show that feeding a HC diet reduced the microbiota diversity and led to the disorders of metabolism in the rumen. The concentrations of lactate, phosphorus, NH3-N and endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide in ruminal fluids, and plasma histamine, lactate and urine N (UN) were increased significantly in goats fed with a HC diet. A significant increase of genes expression related to volatile fatty acids transport, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory responses were also observed in goats fed with a HC diet. Correlation analysis revealed some potential relationships between bacteria abundance and metabolites concentrations. Our findings indicate that a HC diet can induce ruminal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders, thus increasing risks to host health and potential harm to the environment.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Canfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Xianyang, China.
authors.forename: Rihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yanwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yingdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ruqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
keywords: bacteria; gene expression/regulation; goat; metabolism; rumen