title: Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Calcium Silicate-based Root Canal Sealer with Different Obturation Methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the depths of penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer in dentinal tubules by using 3 different obturation methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred extracted human permanent anterior teeth were endodontically prepared and divided equally into 3 experimental groups and 1 control group as follows: CPoint single cone (CPSC), gutta-percha single cone (GPSC), gutta-percha vertical condensation (GPVC), all with a calcium silicate-based sealer and calcium indicator Fluo-3, and CPoint single cone with a calcium indicator Fluo-3 (CPF3) without sealer as the control. The roots of the teeth in each group were axially cross-sectioned, and the surfaces were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy at ×10 and ×20 magnifications. The sealer penetration depths were measured at their maximum depths and at 4 circumferential depths (12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock) by using fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses by using one-way analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis with linear mixed models showed no statistically significant difference among the mean maximum depth measurements (CPSC, 283.83 μm; GPSC, 318.66 μm; and GPVC, 313.03 μm; P = .7553) and among the average depths across all points (CPSC, 111.24 μm; GPSC, 135.38 μm; and GPVC, 126.62 μm; P = .5304) for the 3 experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pressure derived from hygroscopic expansion of CPoint or warm vertical condensation did not enhance penetration depths of the calcium silicate-based sealer. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules occurred independent of the obturation technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: ji.wook.jeong@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ji Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeGraft-Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Samuel O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003804:Dentin / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D017640:Silicates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Calcium silicate-based sealer; dentinal tubules; penetration