title: Comparison of Lateral Flow Assay, Kidney Inhibition Swab, and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Penicillin G Residues in Sow Urine.
abstract: Sows (n = 126) were administered penicillin G; urine, collected at slaughter, was screened by kidney inhibition swab (KIS; 4 h testing time) and then stored at -80 °C (∼1200 days) until analysis by lateral flow assay (LF, ∼5 min testing time) and tandem quadrupole LC-MS/MS (TQ) analysis. The stability of penicillin in urine during storage was verified using TQ analyses. Quantitative results were well-correlated (R2= 0.98) with only a ∼10% decrease in penicillin concentration during the 3-year storage period. KIS retesting of stored samples returned results consistent with the original analyses. Lateral flow assay results were highly correlated with the KIS and TQ results. A KIS positive sample, which was not confirmed by TQ or LF, was assayed by Triple-TOF LC-MS to determine the cause of the apparent false positive. This study suggests LF can be used to quickly and efficiently screen for penicillin G residues before slaughter.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: Weilin L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-9945
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Shelver
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: Shubhashis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarty
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000652:urine*; D013552:Swine / Q000652:urine*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010400:Penicillin G
keywords: Penicillin G; antibiotics; residues; screening test; sows