title: Hormone Distribution and Transcriptome Profiles in Bamboo Shoots Provide Insights on Bamboo Stem Emergence and Growth.
abstract: Growth and development are tightly co-ordinated events in the lifetime of living organisms. In temperate bamboo plants, spring is the season when environmental conditions are suitable for the emergence of new shoots. Previous studies demonstrated that bamboo plants undergo an energy-consuming 'fast stem growth' phase. However, the events during the initiation of stem elongation in bamboo are poorly understood. To understand the onset of bamboo stem growth, we performed hormone and transcriptome profiling of tissue regions in newly elongating shoots of the Moso bamboo Phyllostachys edulis. The growth hormones auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins accumulated in the shoot apex, while the stress hormones ABA, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are predominantly found in the lower part of the stem. The mature basal part of the stem showed enrichment of transcripts associated with cell wall metabolism and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites, such as lignin. In the young upper stem region, expression of cell formation- and DNA synthesis-related genes was enriched. Moreover, the apical region showed enhanced expression of genes involved in meristem maintenance, leaf differentiation and development, abaxial/adaxial polarity and flowering. Our findings integrate the spatial regulation of hormones and transcriptome programs during the initiation of bamboo stem growth.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Rico
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gamuyao
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayano
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Anzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashikari
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reuscher
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D006109:Poaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Bamboo; Flowering-related genes; Hormone profiling; Phyllostachys edulis; Stem elongation; Transcriptomics