title: Electrophysiological, cognitive and clinical profiles of at-risk mental state: The longitudinal Minds in Transition (MinT) study.
abstract: The onset of schizophrenia is typically preceded by a prodromal period lasting several years during which sub-threshold symptoms may be identified retrospectively. Clinical interviews are currently used to identify individuals who have an ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing a psychotic illness with a view to provision of interventions that prevent, delay or reduce severity of future mental health issues. The utility of bio-markers as an adjunct in the identification of UHR individuals is not yet established. Several event-related potential measures, especially mismatch-negativity (MMN), have been identified as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia. In this 12-month longitudinal study, demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data were acquired from 102 anti-psychotic naive UHR and 61 healthy controls, of whom 80 UHR and 58 controls provided valid EEG data during a passive auditory task at baseline. Despite widespread differences between UHR and controls on demographic, clinical and neuropsychological measures, MMN and P3a did not differ between these groups. Of 67 UHR at the 12-month follow-up, 7 (10%) had transitioned to a psychotic illness. The statistical power to detect differences between those who did or did not transition was limited by the lower than expected transition rate. ERPs did not predict transition, with trends in the opposite direction to that predicted. In exploratory analysis, the strongest predictors of transition were measures of verbal memory and subjective emotional disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebbekah J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: W Ross
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-1588
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fulham
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Patricia T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Michie
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Juanita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, Bloomfield Hospital, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Horsforth Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stain
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Institute for Mental Health, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thienel
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.|School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Georgie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulik
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008603:Mental Health; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*