title: Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in diabetic foot syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) concentration using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) in diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) as compared to a group of healthy people and patients with diabetes mellitus without symptomatic vascular complications (DM2T).
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood samples were collected from 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (30 - DM2T; 60 - DFS). Age-matched controls were also included (n=30). tPA and PAI-1 plasma levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significantly lower concentration of tPA:Ag in patients with DFS in comparison to the DM2T group; tPA concentrations were significantly higher in DM2T as compared to the control group. We observed significantly lower concentration of PAI-1:Ag in DF patients treated for hypertension as compared to patients without hypertension. The tPA:Ag and PAI-1:Ag concentration analysis in DFS depending on age, gender and BMI did not show any significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lower concentration of tPA in patients with DFS may be associated with damage to the endothelial cells, especially in the microvasculature, and the sympathetic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Arleta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulwas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Electronic address: lisewskabeata@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lisewska
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jundziłł
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruszkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drewniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gadomska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rość
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: Diabetic foot syndrome; PAI-1; tPA