title: Organ-specific modulation complexity score for the evaluation of dose delivery.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to correlate the modulation complexity score (MCS) with organ location and to predict potential dose errors for organs before beam delivery for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetry. Sixteen head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT were selected. Distribution of the relative dose error on each beam was performed using forward projection to the planned dose to compute the predicted dose after doing per-beam quality assurance. Original organ-specific modulation complexity score (oMCS) was created based on a modified MLC, which depended on organ location. First, MCS was calculated based on the change in leaf position between adjacent MLC leaves. Second, the segment edge map (SEM) calculated from the intensity map for each beam was applied to the calculation volume. The oMCS with segment edge (oMCSedge) was derived from the product of oMCS and SEM. The correlation between the dose errors (planned and predicted) and oMCSedge values was evaluated for the target and organs at risk. We have also expanded the original MCS concept to oMCSedge including the organ location. We observed a moderate correlation between the dose errors and oMCSedge for all organs and volumes of interest except the gross tumor volume, brain stem, and spinal cord. In other organs, a moderate improvement in sensitivity was observed on the SEM, which was correlated with dose errors. Although the implementation of oMCSedge would be impractical for normal clinical settings, it is expected that oMCSedge would help a treatment planner to judge whether or not the treatment plan would be acceptably delivered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan.
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 160 E 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Indra J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kizaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aboshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamari
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: IMRT; beam deliverability; dose prediction; plan complexity; quality assurance