title: Antibacterial and Hypoglycemic Diterpenoids from Salvia chamaedryoides.
abstract: A surface extract of the aerial parts of Salvia chamaedryoides afforded 13 diterpenes (1-13), with seven compounds (1, 3, 4, 7-9, 12) described for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, HRESIMS, and ECD data. The potential hypoglycemic effects of the crude extract, fractions, and pure compounds from S. chamaedryoides were investigated by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The extract and its fractions showed a moderate dose-dependent inhibition; the pure compounds exhibited differential inhibitory activity against these two enzymes. Molecular modeling studies were also performed to suggest the interaction mode of compound 3 in the α-glucosidase enzyme active site. The antimicrobial activity of the purified compounds was investigated against 26 clinical pathogens. No activity was detected for the Gram-negative species tested nor on Candida albicans and C. glabrata, while variable susceptibilities were observed using Gram-positive staphylococcal and enterococcal species.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7559-7732
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5567-2072
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Mieri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata , Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milella
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova , Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schito
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parricchi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata , Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alfei
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6 and 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapillo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6 and 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6205-4069
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuccinardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunziatina
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1707-4156
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Tommasi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007558:Italy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases