title: Histone deacetylase inhibitors correct the cholesterol storage defect in most Niemann-Pick C1 mutant cells.
abstract: Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to excessive storage of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. The large majority of NPC disease is caused by mutations in NPC1, a large polytopic membrane protein that functions in late endosomes. There are many disease-associated mutations in NPC1, and most patients are compound heterozygotes. The most common mutation, NPC1I1061T, has been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the NPC1 protein. Treatment of patient-derived NPC1I1061Tfibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) vorinostat or panobinostat increases expression of the mutant NPC1 protein and leads to correction of the cholesterol storage. Here, we show that several other human NPC1 mutant fibroblast cell lines can also be corrected by vorinostat or panobinostat and that treatment with vorinostat extends the lifetime of the NPC1I1061Tprotein. To test effects of HDACi on a large number ofNPC1mutants, we engineered a U2OS cell line to suppress NPC1 expression by shRNA and then transiently transfected these cells with 60 different NPC1 mutant constructs. The mutant NPC1 did not significantly reduce cholesterol accumulation, but approximately 85% of the mutants showed reduced cholesterol accumulation when treated with vorinostat or panobinostat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology.
authors.forename: Nina H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Pipalia
authors.affiliation: The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037.
authors.forename: Kanagaraj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ralph
authors.affiliation: The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037.
authors.forename: Darren M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hutt
authors.affiliation: The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037.
authors.forename: Samantha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037. Electronic address: webalch@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Balch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology,. Electronic address: frmaxfie@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Frederick R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Maxfield
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D060746:Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation / Q000187:drug effects; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D000077296:Niemann-Pick C1 Protein; D052556:Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077767:Panobinostat; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007211:Indoles; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C106881:NPC1 protein, human; D000077296:Niemann-Pick C1 Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000077337:Vorinostat; D000077767:Panobinostat; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: NPC1; cellular cholesterol; cholesterol trafficking; drug therapy; inborn errors of metabolism; lipid transport