title: Paracingulate Sulcus Asymmetry in the Human Brain: Effects of Sex, Handedness, and Race.
abstract: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is thought to play a key role in cognitive and affective regulation, has been widely reported to have a high degree of morphological inter-individual variability and asymmetry. An obvious difference is in the morphology of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS). Three types of PCS have been identified: prominent, present, and absent. In this study, we examined the relationship between PCS asymmetry and whether the asymmetry of the PCS is affected by sex, handedness, or race. PCS measurements were obtained from four datasets. The statistical results revealed that the PCS was more often prominent and present in the left hemisphere than in the right. The percentage of right-handed males with a prominent PCS was greater than that of right-handed females, but the percentage of left-handed males with a prominent PCS was lower than that of left-handed females. In addition, both male and female and both left-handed and right-handed subjects showed a leftward asymmetry of the PCS. Furthermore there were no significant racial differences in the leftward asymmetry of the PCS. Our findings about the morphological characteristics of the PCS may facilitate future clinical and cognitive studies of this area.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Xuehu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Menglin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Chunshui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Jiaojian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China.|Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.|National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.|CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.|The Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Tianzi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000073537:Biological Variation, Population; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult