title: Flow cytometric analysis reveals the high levels of platelet activation parameters in circulation of multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: The epidemiological studies confirm an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in multiple sclerosis, especially prothrombotic events directly associated with abnormal platelet activity. The aim of our study was to investigate the level of blood platelet activation in the circulation of patients with chronic phase of multiple sclerosis (SP MS) and their reactivity in response to typical platelets' physiological agonists. We examined 85 SP MS patients diagnosed according to the revised McDonald's criteria and 50 healthy volunteers as a control group. The platelet activation and reactivity were assessed using flow cytometry analysis of the following: P-selectin expression (CD62P), activation of GP IIb/IIIa complex (PAC-1 binding), and formation of platelet microparticles (PMPs) and platelet aggregates (PA) in agonist-stimulated (ADP, collagen) and unstimulated whole blood samples. Furthermore, we measured the level of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) in plasma using ELISA method, to evaluate the in vivo level of platelet activation, both in healthy and SP MS subjects. We found a statistically significant increase in P-selectin expression, GP IIb/IIIa activation, and formation of PMPs and PA, as well as in unstimulated and agonist-stimulated (ADP, collagen) platelets in whole blood samples from patients with SP MS in comparison to the control group. We also determined the higher sP-selectin level in plasma of SP MS subjects than in the control group. Based on the obtained results, we might conclude that during the course of SP MS platelets are chronically activated and display hyperreactivity to physiological agonists, such as ADP or collagen.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland. a_g_a@o2.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rywaniak
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bijak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647, Lodz, Poland.|Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647, Lodz, Poland.|Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwald
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saluk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054641:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D015539:Platelet Activation; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; C546937:SELP protein, human; C517032:DUSP2 protein, human; D054641:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2
keywords: Blood platelets; Flow cytometry; Multiple sclerosis; Prothrombotic risk