title: Mechanical Loading Improves Tendon-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Model by Promoting Proliferation and Matrix Formation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tendon Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of mechanical stress on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model as well as cell proliferation and matrix formation in co-culture of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and tendon cells (TCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit ACL reconstruction model was evaluated by histological analysis, biomechanical testing and gene expressions at the tendon-bone interface. Furthermore, the effect of mechanical stretch on cell proliferation and matrix synthesis in BMSC/TC co-culture was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative CPM therapy significantly enhanced tendon-bone healing, as evidenced by increased amount of fibrocartilage, elevated ultimate load to failure levels, and up-regulated gene expressions of Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, Tenascin C and tenomodulin at the tendon-bone junction. In addition, BMSC/TC co-culture treated with mechanical stretch showed a higher rate of cell proliferation and enhanced expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, Tenascin C and tenomodulin than that of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that proliferation and differentiation of local precursor cells could be enhanced by mechanical stimulation, which results in enhanced regenerative potential of BMSCs and TCs in tendon-bone healing.
authors.forename: Fanglong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Tianchen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yinquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011312:Pressure; D011817:Rabbits; D019063:Tenascin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D000070916:Tenocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D019063:Tenascin; D053495:Osteopontin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Co-culture; Mechanical loading; Mesenchymal stem cells; Tendon cells; Tendon-bone healing