title: Factors Related to Self-Care in Heart Failure Patients According to the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness: a Literature Update.
abstract: As described in the theory of self-care in chronic illness, there is a wide range of factors that can influence self-care behavior. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the recent heart failure literature on these related factors in order to provide an overview on which factors might be suitable to be considered to make self-care interventions more successful.
  
  
  
  Recent studies in heart failure patients confirm that factors described in the theory of self-care of chronic illness are relevant for heart failure patients. Experiences and skills, motivation, habits, cultural beliefs and values, functional and cognitive abilities, confidence, and support and access to care are all important to consider when developing or improving interventions for patients with heart failure and their families. Additional personal and contextual factors that might influence self-care need to be explored and included in future studies and theory development efforts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, campus Norrköping, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden. Tiny.jaarsma@liu.se.|Mary Mackillop Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. Tiny.jaarsma@liu.se.
authors.forename: Tiny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaarsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.|Australian Centre for Heart Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Mary Mackillop Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.|University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing Science, Department of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Program in Nursing Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stromberg
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003469:Culture; D005190:Family; D006184:Habits; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Heart failure; Self-care; Self-care maintenance; Self-care management; Self-care monitoring