title: Abatacept as a therapeutic option in the treatment of encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis: an experimental rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is usually associated with mortality. Inflammation is a leading factor for developing EPS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of abatacept on peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation using the EPS rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group I (control group) was administered isotonic saline (IS) via the intraperitoneal (ip) route during weeks 0-3. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) ip was administered to group II (CG group) during weeks 0-3. Group III (CG + IS group) received CG for the first 21 days and IS solution for the following 3 weeks. Group IV (abatacept group) received CG during weeks 0-3, and subsequently, 50 mcg/day abatacept during weeks 4-6. Peritoneal thickness, fibrosis, and inflammation were examined using light microscopy. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lesser peritoneal thickness and lower inflammation score were observed in the abatacept group than in the CG and CG + IS groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the abatacept group had a lower fibrosis score than the CG + IS group (p < 0.05). MMP-2 and TGF-β1 scores were lower in the abatacept group than in the CG + IS group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results revealed that abatacept had a histopathological beneficial effect on peritoneal fibrosis, inflammation, MMP-2, and TGF-β1 scores, which were induced by CG. Abatacept could be a new therapeutic option for treating EPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Latife
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bircan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 06340, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey. suleymankarakose@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakose
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Unverdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 06340, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşe Zeynep
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sani Konukoğlu Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unverdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 06340, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duranay
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000187:drug effects; D056627:Peritoneal Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000069594:Abatacept; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: Abatacept; Encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis; Matrix metalloproteinase-2; Transforming growth factor-beta-1