title: Phase Matching Using the Linear Electro-Optic Effect.
abstract: Phase matching is a necessary condition for achieving high-efficiency optical-frequency conversion. To date, practical means of accomplishing phase matching in homogeneous crystals remain limited, despite considerable efforts. Herein, we report a new class of methods aimed at achieving quasiperfect phase matching, based on controllable birefringence produced via the linear electro-optic effect, termed "voltage-tuning phase matching." The wave vectors of the induced polarization and the generated fields can be matched and maintained along the direction of propagation by introducing an external electric field. We analyze the validity and feasibility of this method theoretically and demonstrate it experimentally by applying the linear electro-optic effect and fourth-harmonic generation simultaneously in a partially deuterated KH_{2}PO_{4} crystal. Quasiperfect phase matching is achieved systematically over a temperature range of the initial phase-matching temperature ±2 °C. Moreover, this method can overcome the limitation of the birefringence in traditional technologies and provides new functionalities for conventional nonlinear materials as well as low-birefringence and isotropic materials. This technology may significantly impact the study of optical-frequency conversion and has promise for a broad range of applications in nonlinear optics.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu