title: Development of multisubstituted hydroxyapatite nanopowders as biomedical materials for bone tissue engineering applications.
abstract: Ionic substitutions have been proposed as a tool to control the functional behavior of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), particularly for Bone Tissue Engineering applications. The effect of simultaneous substitution of different levels of carbonate (CO3) and silicon (Si) ions in the HA lattice was investigated. Furthermore, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on multi-substituted HA (SiCHA) to determine if biomimetic chemical compositions were osteoconductive. Of the four different compositions investigates, SiCHA-1 (0.58 wt % Si) and SiCHA-2 (0.45 wt % Si) showed missing bands for CO3and Si using FTIR analysis, indicating competition for occupation of the phosphate site in the HA lattice; 500°C was considered the most favorable calcination temperature as: (i) the powders produced possessed a similar amount of CO3(2-8 wt %) and Si (<1.0 wt %) as present in native bone; and (ii) there was a minimal loss of CO3and Si from the HA structure to the surroundings during calcination. Higher Si content in SiCHA-1 led to lower cell viability and at most hindered proliferation, but no toxicity effect occurred. While, lower Si content in SiCHA-2 showed the highest ALP/DNA ratio after 21 days culture with hMSCs, indicating that the powder may stimulate osteogenic behavior to a greater extent than other powders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1775-1785, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Stoke-on-Trent, ST47QB, United Kingdom.|School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, NE17RU, United Kingdom.|School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, 14300, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yanny M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Baba Ismail
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, M139PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wimpenny
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, NE17RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bretcanu
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, NE17RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dalgarno
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Stoke-on-Trent, ST47QB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: El Haj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology*; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011208:Powders; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002254:Carbonates; D011208:Powders; D017886:Durapatite; D012825:Silicon
keywords: carbonate; human mesenchymal stem cells; hydroxyapatite; in vitro test; silicon