title: Water and lipid diffusion MRI using chemical shift displacement-based separation of lipid tissue (SPLIT).
abstract: To obtain water and lipid diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) simultaneously, we devised a novel method utilizing chemical shift displacement-based separation of lipid tissue (SPLIT) imaging.
  
  
  
  Single-shot diffusion echo-planar imaging without fat suppression was used and the imaging parameters were optimized to separate water and lipid DWIs by chemical shift displacement of the lipid signals along the phase-encoding direction. Using the optimized conditions, transverse DWIs at the maximum diameter of the right calf were scanned with multiple b-values in five healthy subjects. Then, apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated in the tibialis anterior muscle (TA), tibialis bone marrow (TB), and subcutaneous fat (SF), as well as restricted and perfusion-related diffusion coefficients (D and D*, respectively) and the fraction of the perfusion-related diffusion component (F) for TA.
  
  
  
  Water and lipid DWIs were separated adequately. The mean ADCs of the TA, TB, and SF were 1.56±0.03mm2/s, 0.01±0.01mm2/s, and 0.06±0.02mm2/s, respectively. The mean D*, D, and F of the TA were 13.7±4.3mm2/s, 1.48±0.05mm2/s, and 4.3±1.6%, respectively.
  
  
  
  SPLIT imaging makes it possible to simply and simultaneously obtain water and lipid DWIs without special pulse sequence and increases the amount of diffusion information of water and lipid tissue.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9200942, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Central Radiology, Nagoya City University Hospital, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678602, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9200942, Japan. Electronic address: ramiyati@mhs.mp.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tosiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyati
authors.affiliation: Department of Central Radiology, Nagoya City University Hospital, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678602, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9200942, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gabata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D010477:Perfusion; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water
keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficient; Chemical shift; Diffusion-weighted imaging; Echo-planar imaging; Lipid