title: An Exercise-Only Intervention in Obese Fathers  Restores Glucose and Insulin Regulation in  Conjunction with the Rescue of Pancreatic Islet Cell  Morphology and MicroRNA Expression in Male  Offspring.
abstract: Paternal obesity programs metabolic syndrome in offspring. Low-impact exercise in obese  males improves the metabolic health of female offspring, however whether this occurred in male  offspring remained unknown. C57BL/6NHsd (Harlan) mice were fed a control diet (CD; 6% fat, n =  7) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 21% fat, n = 16) for 18 weeks. After 9 weeks, HFD-fed mice either remained  sedentary (HH, n = 8) or undertook low-moderate exercise (HE, n = 8) for another 9 weeks. Male  offspring were assessed for glucose/insulin tolerance, body composition, plasma lipids, pancreatic  islet cell morphology and microRNA expression. Founder HH induced glucose intolerance, insulin  insensitivity, and hyperlipidaemia in male offspring (p < 0.05). Metabolic health was fully restored  in male offspring by founder exercise to control levels. Founder HH reduced pancreatic β-cell area  and islet cell size in male offspring, and altered the expression of 13 pancreatic microRNAs (p <  0.05). Founder HE led to partial restoration of pancreatic islet cell morphology and the expression  of two pancreatic microRNAs (let7d-5p, 194-5p) in male offspring. Founder HE reduced male  offspring adiposity, increased muscle mass, reduced plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), and further  altered pancreatic microRNAs (35 vs. HH; 32 vs. CD) (p < 0.05). Low-impact exercise in obese fathers  prior to conception, without dietary change, may be a viable intervention strategy to reduce the illeffects of obesity-induced paternal programming in male offspring.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. nicole.mcpherson@adelaide.edu.au.|Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. nicole.mcpherson@adelaide.edu.au.|Monash IVF Group, Dulwich 5056, Australia. nicole.mcpherson@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nicole O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. michelle.lane@adelaide.edu.au.|Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. michelle.lane@adelaide.edu.au.|Monash IVF Group, Dulwich 5056, Australia. michelle.lane@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. laren.sandeman@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandeman
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. julie.owens@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. tod.fullston@adelaide.edu.au.|Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. tod.fullston@adelaide.edu.au.|Monash IVF Group, Dulwich 5056, Australia. tod.fullston@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tod
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fullston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D000067470:Cellular Reprogramming Techniques / Q000379:methods; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005220:Fathers; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000072740:Paternal Inheritance; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: sperm;  fertility;  nutrition