title: Human DPSCs fabricate vascularized woven bone tissue: a new tool in bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells that have been successfully used in human bone tissue engineering. To establish whether these cells can lead to a bone tissue ready to be grafted, we checked DPSCs for their osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation capabilities with the specific aim of obtaining a new tool for bone transplantation. Therefore, hDPSCs were specifically selected from the stromal-vascular dental pulp fraction, using appropriate markers, and cultured. Growth curves, expression of bone-related markers, calcification and angiogenesis as well as anin vivotransplantation assay were performed. We found that hDPSCs proliferate, differentiate into osteoblasts and express high levels of angiogenic genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor A. Human DPSCs, after 40 days of culture, give rise to a 3D structure resembling a woven fibrous bone. These woven bone (WB) samples were analysed using classic histology and synchrotron-based, X-ray phase-contrast microtomography and holotomography. WB showed histological and attractive physical qualities of bone with few areas of mineralization and neovessels. Such WB, when transplanted into rats, was remodelled into vascularized bone tissue. Taken together, our data lead to the assumption that WB samples, fabricated by DPSCs, constitute a noteworthy tool and do not need the use of scaffolds, and therefore they are ready for customized regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', via L. Armanni, 5-80138, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', via L. Armanni, 5-80138, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Noce
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Multidisciplinare Medico-chirurgico, Sezione di Odontostomatologia, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Via Luigi De Crecchio, 6-80138 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Torrette di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Plesso di Medicina Viale Luigi Pinto, 1-71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic.|Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Evzen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amler
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', via L. Armanni, 5-80138, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papaccio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', via L. Armanni, 5-80138, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Desiderio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', via L. Armanni, 5-80138, Naples, Italy virginia.tirino@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tirino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015675:Osteocalcin
keywords: bone differentiation; bone regeneration; bone tissue engineering; hDPSCs; holotomography; human Dental Pulp Stem Cells; human serum; phc-microCT; woven bon; woven bone