title: Healthcare costs of Type 2 diabetes in Germany.
abstract: To describe for the first time the direct costs of Type 2 diabetes treatment by analysing nationwide routine data from statutory health insurance in Germany.
  
  
  
  This cost-of-illness-study was based on a 6.8% random sample of all German people with statutory health insurance (4.3 out of 70 million people). The healthcare expenses show direct per capita costs from the payer perspective. Healthcare expenses for physicians, dentists, pharmacies, hospitals, sick benefits and other healthcare costs were considered. Per capita costs, cost ratios for people with Type 2 diabetes and without diabetes as well as diabetes-attributable costs were calculated.
  
  
  
  Per capita costs for people with Type 2 diabetes amounted to €4,957 in 2009 and €5,146 in 2010. People with Type 2 diabetes had 1.7-fold higher health expenses than people without diabetes. The largest differences in health expenses were found for prescribed medication from pharmacies (cost ratio diabetes/no diabetes: 2.2) and inpatient treatment (1.8). Ten percent of the total statutory health insurance expense, in total €16.1 billion, was attributable to the medical care of people with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  This nationwide study indicates that one in 10 Euros of healthcare expenses is spent on people with Type 2 diabetes in Germany. In the future, national statutory health insurance data can be used to quantify time trends of costs in the healthcare system.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Centre for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2200-4024
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brinks
authors.affiliation: Paul Langerhans Group for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Centre for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute for Health Service Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Icks
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Centre for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuß
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Centre for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rathmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs