title: Disruption in cerebellar and basal ganglia networks during a visuospatial task in cervical dystonia.
abstract: Although dystonia is traditionally conceptualized as a basal ganglia disorder, increasing interest has been directed at a different neural network node, the cerebellum, which may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of dystonia. Abnormal sensorimotor processing and disturbed motor schemes, possibly attributable to cerebellar changes, remain unclear.
  
  
  
  We sought to characterize the extent of cerebellar dysfunction within the motor network using functional MRI activation analysis, connectivity analysis, and voxel-based morphometry in cervical dystonia patients (n = 25, 15 women, mean age 45.8 years) and healthy volunteers (n = 25, 15 women, mean age 44.7 years) in a visuospatial task requiring predictive motor timing.
  
  
  
  Cervical dystonia patients showed decreased activation in the posterior cerebellar lobules as well as in the premotor areas, the associative parietal cortex, and visual regions. Patients also had decreased cerebellar connectivity with bilateral basal ganglia structures and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  
  This promotes the view that dystonia results from miscommunication between the basal ganglia and cerebellar loops, thus providing new insights into the brain regions essential for the development of cervical dystonia. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallea
authors.affiliation: Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehéricy
authors.affiliation: Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertasi
authors.affiliation: Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Traian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popa
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mareček
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Research Center of the Geriatric Institute affiliated with the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Ovidiu V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Lungu
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and Teaching Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kašpárek
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging Methods, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaníček
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bareš
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D065855:Spatial Processing; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014103:Torticollis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: basal ganglia; cerebellum; cervical dystonia; fMRI; functional connectivity