title: Atmospheric wet deposition of dissolved trace elements to Jiaozhou Bay, North China: Fluxes, sources and potential effects on aquatic environments.
abstract: To analyze the fluxes, seasonal variations, sources and potential ecological effects of dissolved trace elements (TEs) in atmospheric wet deposition (AWD), one-year wet precipitation samples were collected and determined for nine TEs in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) between June 2015 and May 2016. Both the volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration and flux sequence for the measured TEs was Al > Mn > Zn > Fe > Pb > Se > Cr > Cd > Co. Al was the most abundant TE with a VWM concentration and wet flux of 33.8 μg L-1and 29.2 mg m-2yr-1, which were 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of Co, respectively. The emission intensities of pollutants, rainfall amount and wind speed were the dominating factors influencing seasonal variations of TEs in AWD. Based on enrichment factors, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, most of the TEs in AWD were primarily originated from anthropogenic activities except for Al and Fe, which are typically derived from re-suspended soil dusts. Although the TE inputs by AWD were significantly lower than those by rivers, the TE inputs via short-term heavy rains would distinctly increase surface seawater TE concentrations and then pollute the marine environment of JZB. AWD would have both profound impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of TEs and dual ecological effects (nutrient and toxicity) on aquatic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. Electronic address: jmsong@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
authors.forename: Huamao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
authors.forename: Qidong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
authors.forename: Xuegang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
authors.forename: Baoxiao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D012987:Soil; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Atmospheric wet deposition; Deposition fluxes; Ecological effects; Jiaozhou Bay; Source identification; Trace elements