title: Rapid immunocytochemistry for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin: assessment of its diagnostic value in neoplastic diseases of dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is an advanced diagnostic technique used in the field of veterinary cytology. We recently developed a rapid ICC method for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin in dogs, which helps to determine whether tumor cells are of epithelial or nonepithelial origin. However, the diagnostic value of this rapid ICC method in neoplastic diseases of dogs has not been assessed yet.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid ICC compared to standard immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Air-dried smear samples and formalin-fixed paraffin sections were prepared from tumors excised from dogs (n = 30). Immunosignals for cytokeratin and vimentin were detected in smear samples by rapid ICC, and in paraffin sections by standard IHC. Signals in smear samples detected by rapid ICC were compared with positive staining in paraffin sections detected by standard IHC and analyzed for statistical significance (kappa statistic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rapid ICC detected specific immunosignals in 25/30 cases (83.3%), and nonspecific signals were detected in 5/30 cases. Statistical analysis revealed fair agreement in epithelial tumors (n = 16) with cytokeratin (κ = 0.236) and vimentin (κ = 0.294). In nonepithelial tumors (n = 14), almost perfect agreement was demonstrated with cytokeratin (κ = 0.857) and vimentin (κ = 0.857).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapid ICC method can be a useful tool for the diagnostic cytology of neoplastic tissues in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Moeko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding / Q000662:veterinary; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014746:Vimentin; D007633:Keratins
keywords: Cytokeratin; diagnostic cytology; dogs; vimentin