title: The Effectiveness of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on Hospitalization Anxiety and Physiological Parameters in School-Age Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcomes of hospitalization anxiety are mental health disorders. One of the methods of anxiety reduction is massage, which can cause reduction of pain and changes in physiological parameters.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the effects of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on hospitalization anxiety and physiological parameters in school-age children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical trial study included 80 school-aged children from Ali Ebne Abi Taleb hospital, located in Zahedan, who were selected using sequential sampling and randomly divided into two groups: a massage group (40) and a control group (40). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the state-trait anxiety inventory for children (STAIC). Subjects in the massage group received SSBM, using sesame oil, for 3 days. Massage was given three times a day, and each massage session lasted for 15 - 20 minutes. Physiological parameters and hospitalization anxiety were determined from the second to fifth days. T-test and Chi-square were used for analysis data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressures (DBP), and pulse rate (PR) in the massage group prior to intervention (97.05 ± 20.7, 60.35 ± 16.69 and 95.45 ± 13.02 respectively) and on the fifth day (88.32 ± 16.58, 55.95 ± 12.7 and 90.45 ± 15.1 respectively). However, no difference was observed in mean respiratory rate (RR) in the massage group from the second day (17.55 ± 3.6) to fifth day (17.62 ± 3.27) (P = 0.096). The mean of state of anxiety, which was 36.4 ± 5.1 before intervention, was reduced by the fifth day to 31.2 ± 5.1 in the massage group (P < 0.0001, t = 5.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that massage reduced hospitalization anxiety, PR, and BP. Therefore, we propose that nurses can use massage to reduce anxiety in school-age children in hospital. This method has no side-effects and is easily applicable.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran; Community Nursing Research Center (CNRC), Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalalodini
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Manijeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nourian
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture Specialist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Kiarash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saatchi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Industrial Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavousi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghaljeh
keywords: Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Hospitalization; Massage; Pulse Rate; School-Age Children