title: Emerging treatment options in the management of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer (LC) has become the leading cancer-related cause of death in the US and in developed European countries in the last decade. Its incidence is still growing in females and in smokers. Surgery remains the treatment of choice whenever feasible, but unfortunately, many patients have an advanced LC at presentation and one-third of potentially operable patients do not receive a tumor resection because of their low compliance for intervention due to their compromised cardiopulmonary functions and other comorbidities. For these patients the alternative therapeutic options are stereotactic radiotherapy or percutaneous radiofrequency. When surgery is planned, an anatomical resection (segmentectomy, lobectomy, bilobectomy, pneumonectomy, sleeve lobectomy) is usually performed; wedge resection (considered as a nonanatomical one) is generally the accepted option for unfit patients. The recent increase in discovering small and peripheral LCs and/or ground-glass opacities with screening programs has dramatically increased surgeons' interest in limited resections. The role of these resections is discussed. Also, recent improvements in molecular biology techniques have increased the chemotherapic options for neoadjuvant LC treatment. The role and the importance of targeted chemotherapy is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery.
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Filosso
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Disciplines, Radiation Therapy Division.
authors.forename: Andrea Riccardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Disciplines, Diagnostic-Imaging Division.
authors.forename: Maria Carla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cassinis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Disciplines, Radiation Therapy Division.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ricardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery.
authors.forename: Paolo Olivo
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Lausi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruffini
keywords: adenocarcinoma; chemotherapy; lung cancer; radiofrequency; radiotherapy; surgery