title: Fat, oil and grease reduction in commercial kitchen ductwork: A novel biological approach.
abstract: Recent research has characterised emissions upon cooking a variety of foods in a commercial catering environment in terms of volume, particle size and composition. However, there has been limited focus on the deposition of solid grease in commercial kitchen ductwork, the sustainability of these systems and their implications on the heat recovery potential of kitchen ventilation extract air. This paper reviews the literature concerning grease, commonly referred to as Fat, Oils and Grease (FOG) abatement strategies and finds that many of these systems fall short of claimed performances. Furthermore these technologies often add to the energy cost of the operation and reduce the potential application of heat recovery in the ventilation ductwork. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel FOG removal system, with a focus on low environmental impact. The novel FOG removal system, utilises the biological activity of Bacillus subtilis and associated enzymes. The biological reagent is delivered via a misting system. The temperature, relative humidity and FOG deposit thickness were measured in the ductwork throughout a 3month trial period. FOG deposit thickness was reduced by 47% within 7weeks. The system was found to be effective at reducing the FOG deposit thickness with minimal energy cost and impact upon the kitchen and external environment. Internal ductwork operating temperature was measured with respect to future heat recovery potential and a reduction of 7°C was observed.
authors.affiliation: Technologies for Sustainability Built Environments (TSBE) Centre, J.J Thompson Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AY, UK. Electronic address: S.Mudie@pgr.reading.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudie
authors.affiliation: School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AY, UK. Electronic address: M.M.Vahdati@reading.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahdati
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D003296:Cooking; D004777:Environment; D005223:Fats; D005374:Filtration; D005522:Food Services; D009821:Oils; D010126:Ozone; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D009821:Oils; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Commercial kitchen; Ductwork; Grease; Sustainability; Ventilation