title: [Expressed Emotions, Burden and Family Functioning in Schizophrenic and Bipolar I Patients of a Multimodal Intervention Program: PRISMA].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are causes of major suffering in patients. Nevertheless, they also affect family and caregiver functioning. This is important because the participation and involvement of families and caregivers is essential to achieve an optimal treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the level of expressed emotions, burden, and family functioning of bipolar and schizophrenic patients and, to evaluate the efficacy of the multimodal intervention (MI) versus traditional intervention (TI) in family functioning and its perception by patients and caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, longitudinal, therapeutic-comparative study was conducted with 302 patients (104 schizophrenic and 198 bipolar patients) who were randomly assigned to a MI or TI groups of a multimodal intervention program PRISMA. MI group received care from psychiatry, general medicine, neuropsychology, family therapy, and occupational therapy. TI group received care from psychiatry and general medicine. Hamilton, Young and SANS, SAPS scales were applied to bipolar and schizophrenic patients, respectively. The EEAG, FEICS, FACES III and ECF were also applied at the initial and final time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences in socio- demographic and clinical variables in schizophrenia vs bipolar group: 83% vs 32.2% were male, 37 vs 43 mean age, 96% vs 59% were single, 50% vs 20% unemployed, and 20% vs 40% had college studies. In addition, 2 vs 2.5 numbers of hospitalisations, 18 vs 16 mean age of substance abuse onset and, 55 vs 80 points in EEAG. There were no statistically significant differences in family scales after conducting a multivariate analysis on thr initial and final time in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not show changes in variables of burden and family functioning between bipolar and schizophrenic groups that were under TI vs MI.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Zuluaga
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duica
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Yuli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agudelo Berruecos
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Sigifredo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: calberto.lopez@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Jaramillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Emociones expresadas; Esquizofrenia; Expressed emotions; Family functioning; Funcionamiento familiar; Intervención multimodal; Multimodal intervention; Schizophrenia; Trastorno bipolar