title: The use of virtual surgical planning and navigation in the treatment of orbital trauma.
abstract: Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has recently been introduced in craniomaxillofacial surgery with the goal of improving efficiency and precision for complex surgical operations. Among many indications, VSP can also be applied for the treatment of congenital and acquired craniofacial defects, including orbital fractures. VSP permits the surgeon to visualize the complex anatomy of craniofacial region, showing the relationship between bone and neurovascular structures. It can be used to design and print using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and customized surgical models. Additionally, intraoperative navigation may be useful as an aid in performing the surgery. Navigation is useful for both the surgical dissection as well as to confirm the placement of the implant. Navigation has been found to be especially useful for orbit and sinus surgery. The present paper reports a case describing the use of VSP and computerized navigation for the reconstruction of a large orbital floor defect with a custom implant.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 11092 Anderson St. Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. Electronic address: aherford@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Alan Scott
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Herford
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 11092 Anderson St. Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Meagan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Messina, ME, Italy.
authors.forename: Floriana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lauritano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Messina, ME, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cervino
authors.affiliation: Odontostomatologic Surgery, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy. Electronic address: fabroski@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Signorino
authors.affiliation: Odontostomatologic Surgery, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maiorana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001577:Benzophenones; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Neuronavigation; Orbital implants; Orbital trauma; Virtual surgical planning