title: Suspected X-linked facial dysmorphia and growth retardation in related Labrador retriever puppies.
abstract: Seven male Labrador retriever puppies from four different litters were identified with a brachycephalic-like face and skull, associated with low birth weight, severe growth retardation, and reduced abilities to crawl and suckle, which were not compatible with survival. Excessive doming of the cranium, brachygnathia superior and inferior, and an abnormally opened fontanelle were found in all affected puppies by computed tomography and at post-mortem examination. Pedigree analysis supported an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dierks
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Kleintierpraxis Neuwarmbüchen, Höfestrasse 22, 30916 Isernhagen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellige
authors.affiliation: Kleintierpraxis Neuwarmbüchen, Höfestrasse 22, 30916 Isernhagen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewicker-Trautwein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: ottmar.distl@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Distl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Brachycephaly; Congenital malformation; Labrador retriever; X-linked inheritance