title: Sleep study in Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder and Bipolar children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreased need for sleep has been proposed as a core symptom of mania and it has been associated with the pathogenesis of Bipolar Disorder. The emergence of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) as a new diagnostic has been controversial and much has been speculated about its relationship with the bipolar spectrum. REM sleep fragmentation could be a biomarker of affective disorders and it would help us to differentiate them from other disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polysomnographic cross-sectional study of children with DMDD, bipolar disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). All participants underwent a psychiatric semi-structured interview to obtain the diagnosis, comorbidities and primary sleep disorders. DMDD&#8217;s sample was performed following DSM5 criteria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Perform polysomnography in a sample of bipolar, DMDD and ADHD children and compare their profiles to provide more evidence about the differences or similarities between bipolar disorder and DMDD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar group had the highest REM density values while ADHD had the lowest. REM density was not statiscally different between bipolar phenotypes. REM density was associated with antidepressant treatment, episodes of REM and their interaction. REM latency was associated with antipsychotic treatment and school performance. Bipolar patients had higher scores on the depression scale than DMDD and ADHD groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences between the two compared affective disorders were found. However there were differences in REM density between bipolar and ADHD groups. REM sleep study could provide a new theoretical framework to better understand the pathogenesis of pediatric bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Centre de Salut Mental Infantil i Juvenil (CSMIJ) Sant Martí-La Mina, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Departament de Psiquiatria i de Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Estrada-Prat
authors.affiliation: Departament de Neurologia i Neurofisiologia Clínica (Unitat del Son), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Ion
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Guerrico
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bleda-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Centre de Salut Mental Infantil i Juvenil (CSMIJ) Sant Martí-La Mina, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Camprodon-Rosanas
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Centre de Salut Mental Infantil i Juvenil (CSMIJ) Sant Martí-La Mina, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batlle-Vila
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pujals-Altes
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Centre de Salut Mental Infantil i Juvenil (CSMIJ) Sant Martí-La Mina, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona.
authors.forename: María T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nascimento-Osorio
authors.affiliation: INAD, CSMIJ Ciutat Vella, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Luís M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Martín-López
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: INAD, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez-Solá
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria i Psicologia Infantil i Juvenil, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romero-Cela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography