title: The Cross-Sectional Association between Consumption of the Recommended Five Food Group "Grain (Cereal)", Dietary Fibre and Anthropometric Measures among Australian Adults.
abstract: The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommended "grain (cereal)" core food group includes both refined and whole grain foods, but excludes those that are discretionary (i.e., cakes). We investigated the association between daily serves from the "grain (cereal)" group and its effect on fibre and adiposity. Data from Australian adults in the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used (n= 9341). Participants were categorised by serves of core grain foods and general linear models were used to investigate the effect of demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary covariates on waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and fibre intake. Compared to core grain avoiders (0 serves), high consumers (6+ serves/day) were: more likely male and socially advantaged, had a healthier dietary pattern, less likely dieting, overweight or obese, and were at lower risk of metabolic complications. After adjustment for age, sex and energy intake, there was an inverse relationship between core grain serves intake and BMI (p< 0.001), waist circumference (p= 0.001) and a positive relationship with fibre (p< 0.001). Model adjustments for diet and lifestyle factors resulted in a smaller difference in waist circumference (p= 0.006) and BMI (p= 0.006). Core grain serves was significantly associated with higher fibre, but marginally clinically significant for lower adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13, 167 Macquarie St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. flavia@nraus.com.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fayet-Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. peter.petocz@mq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petocz
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13, 167 Macquarie St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. andrew@nraus.com.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13, 167 Macquarie St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. kate@nraus.com.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuck
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13, 167 Macquarie St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. mariegmansour@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002523:Edible Grain; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BMI; cereal; dietary guidelines; fibre; grain; waist circumference