title: Policy, Research and Residents' Perspectives on Built Environments Implicated in Heart Disease: A Concept Mapping Approach.
abstract: An underrepresentation of stakeholder perspectives within urban health research arguably limits our understanding of what is a multi-dimensional and complex relationship between the built environment and health. By engaging a wide range of stakeholders using a participatory concept mapping approach, this study aimed to achieve a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the built environments shaping disease risk, specifically cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Moreover, this study aimed to ascertain the importance and changeability of identified environments through government action. Through the concept mapping process, community members, researchers, government and non-government stakeholders collectively identified eleven clusters encompassing 102 built environmental domains related to CMR, a number of which are underrepresented within the literature. Among the identified built environments, open space, public transportation and pedestrian environments were highlighted as key targets for policy intervention. Whilst there was substantive convergence in stakeholder groups' perspectives concerning the built environment and CMR, there were disparities in the level of importance government stakeholders and community members respectively assigned to pedestrian environments and street connectivity. These findings support the role of participatory methods in strengthening how urban health issues are understood and in affording novel insights into points of action for public health and policy intervention.
authors.affiliation: Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. is379@drexel.edu.|Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. is379@drexel.edu.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stankov
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Natasha.Howard@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Natasha J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Mark.Daniel@unisa.edu.au.|South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Mark.Daniel@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Margaret.Cargo@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cargo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002947:Cities; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003210:Concept Formation; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013021:South Australia; D014504:Urban Health
keywords: built environment; cardiometabolic risk; community participation; concept mapping; policy; researcher perspectives