title: What Are We Drinking? Beverages Shown in Adolescents' Favorite Television Shows.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Media use has been shown to contribute to poor dietary intake; however, little attention has been paid to programming content. The portrayal of health behaviors in television (TV) programming contributes to social norms among viewers, which have been shown to influence adolescent behavior.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reports on a content analysis of beverages shown in a sample of TV shows popular with a large, diverse group of adolescents, with attention to the types of beverages and differences across shows and characters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Favorite TV shows were assessed in an in-school survey in 2010. Three episodes of each of the top 25 shows were analyzed, using a detailed coding instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Beverage incidents (ie, beverage shown or described) were recorded. Beverage types included milk, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), diet beverages, juice, water, alcoholic drinks, and coffee. Characters were coded with regard to gender, age group, race, and weight status. Shows were rated for a youth, general, or adult audience.
  
  
  METHODS
  χ2tests were used to compare the prevalence of each type of beverage across show ratings (youth, general, adult), and to compare characteristics of those involved in each type of beverage incident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beverage incidents were common (mean=7.4 incidents/episode, range=0 to 25). Alcohol was the most commonly shown (38.8%); milk (5.8%) and juice (5.8%) were least common; 11.0% of incidents included SSBs. Significant differences in all types of beverage were found across characters' age groups. Almost half of young adults' (49.2%) or adults' (42.0%) beverage incidents included alcohol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beverages are often portrayed on TV shows viewed by adolescents, and common beverages (alcohol, SSBs) may have adverse consequences for health. The portrayal of these beverages likely contributes to social norms regarding their desirability; nutrition and health professionals should talk with youth about TV portrayals to prevent the adoption of unhealthy beverage behaviors.
authors.forename: Marla E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Nicole I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gollust
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumark-Sztainer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003069:Coffee; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: Adolescence; Beverages; Content analysis; Mass media; Social norms