title: Nano-suspension coating as a technique to modulate the drug release from controlled porosity osmotic pumps for a soluble agent.
abstract: In controlled porosity osmotic pumps (CPOP), usually finding a single solvent with a capability to dissolve both film former (hydrophobic) and pore former (hydrophilic) is extremely challenging. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to tackle the issue associated with controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) system using nano-suspension coating method. In the present study 4-Amino pyridine was used as a highly water soluble drug. In this method, a hydrophilic pore former (sucrose or mannitol) in nano range was suspended in polymeric coating solution using ball-mill. The performance of the prepared formulations was assessed in terms of D12h(cumulative release percent after 12h), Devzero(mean percent deviation of drug release from zero order kinetic), tL(lag time of the drug release) and RSQzero. The results revealed that gelling agent amount (HPMC E15LV) in core and pore former concentration in SPM had crucial effect on SPM integrity. All the optimised formulations showed a burst drug release due to fast dissolving nature of the pore formers. Results obtained from scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the formation of nanopores in the membrane where the drug release takes place via these nanopores. Nano suspension coating method can be introduced as novel method in formulation of CPOPs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Centre (DARC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila Azharshekoufeh
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bahari
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Centre (DARC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Javadzadeh
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Centre (DARC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Barzegar
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Centre (DARC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
authors.forename: Peyvand
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johari
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Electronic address: a.nokhodchi@sussex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nokhodchi
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Centre (DARC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran; Dermatology and Dermopharmacy Research Team (DDRT), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Electronic address: shokri.j@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shokri
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009995:Osmosis; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D013535:Suspensions; D015761:4-Aminopyridine
keywords: Controlled porosity osmotic pumps (CPOPs); Drug delivery; Drug release; Nano-suspension coating