title: Influence of the Amount of Dentifrice and Fluoride Concentrations on Salivary Fluoride Levels in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated fluoride (F) concentrations in saliva of children after brushing with dentifrices containing different F concentrations (zero, 550, and 1,100 ppm F) in different quantities (full bristles, transversal technique, and pea-sized).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight- to 10-year-old volunteers (<small>N</small>=24) were randomly assigned into nine experimental groups (dentifrice type versus amounts) following a double-blind, crossover protocol. After a one-week washout period (use of placebo toothpaste), stimulated saliva was collected prior to toothbrushing (baseline) and at five, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after toothbrushing with one of the possible combinations. Centrifuged saliva was used for F analysis after buffering with TISAB III. Data were submitted to repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls' test (P<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary F peaked at five minutes after brushing, decreasing exponentially afterward. A clear dose-response relationship was seen between F concentration/amount of dentifrice applied and the mean area under the curve (AUC) of salivary F concentrations (P<0.001). The low-fluoride toothpaste applied using transversal technique or full bristles led to a significantly higher AUC than the conventional toothpaste using a pea-sized amount.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brushing with a low-fluoride toothpaste applied using the transversal technique delivers more fluoride to saliva compared to a conventional toothpaste in a pea-sized amount.
authors.affiliation: Private practice in São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kevin Bruce
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Emi
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thayse Yumi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hosida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Ricardo Nunes
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danelon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson Frederico
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. jpessan@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Juliano Pelim
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pessan
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019140:Dental Care for Children; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D014100:Toothpastes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides