title: Short term results of anterior cruciate ligament augmentation in professional and amateur athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a widely accepted procedure; however, controversies exist about ACL augmentation. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of ACL augmentation in professional and amateur athletes with isolated single bundle ACL tears.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of professional and amateur athletes with partial ACL tears who underwent selective bundle reconstruction were analyzed. Stability was assessed with the Lachman test, anterior-drawer test, pivot-shift test and KT-1000 arthrometer. Functional assessment was performed using the subjective Lysholm questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 19.3 months. All patients had posterolateral bundle (PLB) tears, and no anteromedial bundle (AMB) tears were found. The Lysholm score improved significantly from 78 (SD = 2.69) preoperatively to 96 (SD = 3.41) postoperatively (P value <0.0001). The pivot-shift test, Lachman test and anterior-drawer test results were negative in all cases postoperatively. Anterior tibial translation from neutral was 4.9 mm (SD = 2.7) preoperatively, and decreased significantly to 2.1 (SD = 0.6) postoperatively, measured with a KT-1000 arthrometer (P value <0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we showed that ACL augmentation had good results in symptomatic professional and amateur athletes, and although further studies are needed to investigate long-term results, we recommend this surgery for all symptomatic athletic patients, especially those who would like to maintain an active lifestyle. Level of evidence IV.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Knee Surgery, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazdi
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Knee Surgery, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torkaman
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Knee Surgery, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghahramani
authors.affiliation: Department of Knee Surgery, Shafa Rehabilitation Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery, Nazarian Lab, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 330 Brookline Ave., RN 115, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, 67 Park Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA. Mghorban@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-0133
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghorbanhoseini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACL augmentation; ACL tear; Anteromedial bundle; Athletes; Posterolateral bundle