title: Adapting an Autism Screening Tool for Use in the DeKalb County Refugee Pediatric Clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal literature exists regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among refugee children in the United States. Reliable ASD screening tools, such as the M-CHAT-R/F, have yet to be culturally adapted and translated into some languages spoken in the homes of these children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric refugee patients (n = 13) of caregivers of Bhutanese (Nepali-speaking) descent were screened using a newly translated Nepali M-CHAT-R/F. The M-CHAT-R/F was adapted based on feedback from Bhutanese caregivers and interpreter expertise. Qualitative interviews regarding caregiver awareness of ASD were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregivers understood the majority of M-CHAT-R/F items (91%). Four items required revision. Interviews revealed minimal awareness among Bhutanese caregivers regarding ASD or child development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The M-CHAT-R/F was adapted into Nepali using a combination of translation protocols, and is publicly available for clinical use. Future validation studies are needed which will aid in clinical screening for and epidemiologic research of ASD in this population.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. calhoun.catherine.c@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.|The Southeast Permanente Medical Group, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reines
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.|National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Suchdev
authors.affiliation: DeKalb County Board of Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oladele
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.|National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001631:Bhutan / Q000208:ethnology; D017028:Caregivers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012036:Refugees; D014175:Translating; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autism; Bhutanese; M-CHAT-R/F; Nepali; Refugee