title: The Effect of Brushing and Aging on the Staining and Smoothness of Resin Composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the staining and smoothness of resin composites undergoing aging in water or red wine and simulated brushing with or without dentifrice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The resin composites (Z250 microfilled and Z350XT nanofilled) were tested according to aging media (deionized water or red wine) and surface treatment (no brushing, brushed with water, or brushed with dentifrice). Specimens (n = 10) were subjected to three aging cycles (5 days) of continuous immersion in the aging media; each followed by simulated brushing (585 strokes). Color coordinates (CIEL*a*b*) were measured with a spectrophotometer (SP60, EX-Rite) and roughness (Ra) measured with a contact profilometer (Surftest SJ-201P, Mitutoyo), in five time points across the experiment. Surface morphology was analyzed using AFM (SPM-9600, Shimadzu) at the end of the experiment. Data for color change (ΔE00) and Ra were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Color change was observed for all groups, and it was always greater for Z350. Surface treatment did not influence the ΔE00values for the groups aged in water. However, brushing decreased ΔE00for the groups aged in red wine. In general, ΔE00increased with time. Little to no differences in smoothness were observed with aging and brushing. The surface morphology analyses showed exposed/lost filler particles for brushed Z250. Such observations were not so clear for Z350.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the present experiment, short-time simulated toothbrushing with soft-bristle toothbrush and low abrasive dentifrice did not increase roughness and reduced staining for both nanofilled and microfilled materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staining and surface degradation of the resin composites was reduced, but not prevented by brushing alone. Thus, minimizing the restoration exposure to staining substances is important for maintaining the aesthetic appearance of the restoration. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:E44-E55, 2017).
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lisandra R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mozzaquatro
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kaizer
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallmann
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jacques
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D013499:Surface Properties; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials