title: Two-year continuation of intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants in a mixed-payer setting: a retrospective review.
abstract: As the popularity of long-acting reversible contraception increases, so does the need for accurate data on method continuation in diverse clinical settings. We determined 2-year continuation rates for the levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine device, the copper T380A intrauterine device, and the 68-mg etonogestrel contraceptive implant in an academic healthcare system with mixed-payer reimbursement.
  
  
  
  The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion and characteristics of women who continue intrauterine device and implant use to 2 years and to relate continuation to device type when controlling for patient characteristics.
  
  
  
  This retrospective chart review assessed University of Utah Healthcare System patients who had an intrauterine device or contraceptive implant inserted between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012. We identified users and dates of insertions and removals by querying billing, medication, and procedural data in the Electronic Data Warehouse. Multivariable Poisson regression was conducted to estimate incidence risk ratios and to relate the probability of 2-year continuous use to device type.
  
  
  
  Data on 8603 device insertions were obtained with the following distribution: levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine devices (6459; 75.1%), copper T380A intrauterine devices (1136; 13.2%), and 68-mg etonogestrel implant (1008; 11.7%). Two-year continuation rates were 77.8%, 73.1%, and 75.9%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in 2-year continuation between levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine device users (adjusted risk ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.1) and 68-mg etonogestrel implant users (adjusted risk ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.1) compared with copper device users, after we controlled for age, Hispanic ethnicity, payer type, and year of insertion. Older-age, self-pay, or public payer insurance (reference commercial payer) and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with 2-year continuation.
  
  
  
  Three-quarters of women with an intrauterine device or implant continue using it for 2 years. In this cohort, the 2-year continuation rates were 77.8%, 73.1%, and 75.9% for the levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine device, copper T380A intrauterine device, and 68-mg etonogestrel implant, respectively.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salt Lake City, UT. Electronic address: Jessica.sanders@utah.edu.
authors.forename: Jessica N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Turok
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Lori M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gawron
authors.affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Lonnie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lynen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; C044815:etonogestrel; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017135:Desogestrel
keywords: continuation; contraceptive implant; healthcare system; intrauterine device