title: Identification and bacterial characteristics of Xenorhabdus hominickii ANU101 from an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema monticolum.
abstract: An entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema monticolum, was collected in Korea. Its identity was confirmed by morphological and molecular characters. Its symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus hominickii ANU101, was isolated and assessed in terms of bacterial characteristics. Sixty-eight different carbon sources were utilized by X. hominickii ANU101 out of 95 different sources from a Biolog assay. Compared to other Xenorhabdus species, X. hominickii ANU101 was relatively susceptible to high temperatures and did not grow above 34°C. Furthermore, its growth rate was much slower than other Xenorhabdus species. X. hominickii exhibited insecticidal activities against coleopteran, dipteran, and lepidopteran insect pests. The bacterial virulence was not correlated with its host nematode virulence with respect to relative insecticidal activity against target insects. X. hominickii ANU101 exhibited antibiotics tolerance. The bacterium possesses four different plasmids (Xh-P1 (104,132bp), Xh-P2 (95,975bp), Xh-P3 (88,536bp), and Xh-P4 (11,403bp)) and encodes 332 open reading frames. Subsequent predicted genes include toxin/antitoxins comprising a multidrug export ATP-binding/permease. This study reports bacterial characters of X. hominickii and its entomopathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Bongwha County, 1111 Bonghwa-ro, Bonghwa 36239, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadekuzzaman
authors.affiliation: Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeonghwan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Kyo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hosanna@anu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yonggyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000382:microbiology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013559:Symbiosis; D014774:Virulence; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
keywords: Genome; Megaplasmid; Pathogenicity; Steinernema monticolum; Xenorhabdus hominickii