title: Sensitive quantification of coixol, a potent insulin secretagogue, in Scoparia dulcis extract using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry and UV detection.
abstract: Diabetes is a major global health problem which requires new studies for its prevention and control. Scoparia dulcis, a herbal product, is widely used for treatment of diabetes. Recent studies demonstrate coixol as a potent and nontoxic insulin secretagog from S. dulcis. This study focuses on developing two quantitative methods of coixol in S. dulcis methanol-based extracts. Quantification of coixol was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (method 1) and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (method 2) with limits of detection of 0.26 and 11.6 pg/μL, respectively, and limits of quantification of 0.78 and 35.5 pg/μL, respectively. S. dulcis is rich in coixol content with values of 255.5 ± 2.1 mg/kg (method 1) and 220.4 ± 2.9 mg/kg (method 2). Excellent linearity with determination coefficients >0.999 was achieved for calibration curves from 10 to 7500 ng/mL (method 1) and from 175 to 7500 ng/mL (method 2). Good accuracy (bias < -8.6%) and precision (RSD < 8.5%) were obtained for both methods. Thus, they can be employed to analyze coixol in plant extracts and herbal formulations.
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Arslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Faraz Ul
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Qamar
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ul Arfeen
authors.affiliation: Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Khaga Raj
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Achyut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.|Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Ghulam
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2026-3302
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Musharraf
mesh_terms: D001583:Benzoxazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D036721:Scoparia / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001583:Benzoxazoles; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; C031896:6-methoxybenzoxazolinone
keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; HPLC-UV; Scoparia dulcis; coixol quantification; insulin secretagogue