title: Early life adversity is associated with a smaller hippocampus in male but not female depressed in-patients: a case-control study.
abstract: Three studies assessed the association of early life adversity (ELA) and hippocampal volumes in depressed patients, of which one was negative and the two others did not control for several potential confounding variables. Since the association of ELA and hippocampal volumes differ in male and female healthy volunteers, we investigated the association of ELA and hippocampal volumes in depressed patients, while focusing specifically on sex and controlling for several relevant socio-demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  
  Sixty-three depressed in-patients treated in a psychiatric setting, with a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were included and assessed for ELA. Hippocampal volumes were measured with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and automatic segmentation. They were compared between patients with (n = 28) or without (n = 35) ELA. After bivariate analyses, multivariate regression analyses tested the interaction of sex and ELA on hippocampal volume and were adjusted for several potential confounding variables. The subgroups of men (n = 26) and women (n = 37) were assessed separately.
  
  
  
  Patients with ELA had a smaller hippocampus than those without ELA (4.65 (±1.11) cm3versus 5.25 (±1.01) cm3), bivariate: p = 0.03, multivariate: HR = 0.40, 95%CI [0.23;0.71], p = 0.002), independently from other factors. This association was found in men (4.43 (±1.22) versus 5.67 (±0.77) cm3), bivariate: p = 0.006, multivariate HR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.06;0.82], p = 0.03) but not in women.
  
  
  
  ELA is associated with a smaller hippocampus in male but not female depressed in-patients. The reasons for this association should be investigated in further studies.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. romaincolle@hotmail.com.|Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. romaincolle@hotmail.com.|Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. romaincolle@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colle
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1127, F-75013, Paris, France.|CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France.|Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.|Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, Paris, France.|Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chupin
authors.affiliation: CNRS IR4M, UMR 8081, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Minh Ngoc Thien Kim
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tran Dong
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falissard
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1127, F-75013, Paris, France.|CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France.|Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.|Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, Paris, France.|Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Colliot
authors.affiliation: CNRS IR4M, UMR 8081, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ducreux
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.|Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corruble
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Automated segmentation; Early life adversity; Hippocampal volume; MRI; Major depressive disorder; Major depressive episode; Sex