title: Fractionating impulsivity: neuropsychiatric implications.
abstract: The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are considered risky, maladaptive and symptomatic of such diverse brain disorders as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction and affective disorders. Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in the identification of discrete neural networks that underlie different forms of impulsivity - from impaired response inhibition and risky decision making to a profound intolerance of delayed rewards. Herein, we review what is currently known about the neural and psychological mechanisms of impulsivity, and discuss the relevance and application of these new insights to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.|Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.|Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000378:metabolism*; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D012306:Risk; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*