title: Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Major Compounds from Calea ternifolia.
abstract: Demethylisoencecalin (1) and caleins A (4) and C (5) (3.16-31.6 mg/kg, p.o.), the major components from an infusion ofCalea ternifoliacontrolled postprandial glucose levels during an oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT, 3 g/kg) in normal and nicotinamide/streptozotocin (NA/STZ, 40/100 mg/kg) hyperglicemic mice. The effects were comparable to those of acarbose (5 mg/kg). During the isolation of1,4, and5, four additional metabolites not previously reported for the plant, were obtained, namely 6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-2H-chromene (3), herniarin (6), scoparone (7), and 4',7-dimethylapigenin (8). In addition, the structure of calein C (5) was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Pharmacological evaluation of the essential oil of the species (31.6-316.2 mg/kg, p.o.) provoked also an important decrement of blood glucose levels during an OSTT. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-adsorbed compounds and active essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation revealed that chromene1was the major component (19.92%); sesquiterpenes represented the highest percentage of the essential oil content (55.67%) and included curcumene (7.10%), spathulenol (12.95%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.0%). A suitable High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying chromenes1and 6-hydroxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (2) was developed and validated according to standard protocols.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. soniaer@ciencias.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Escandón-Rivera
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. perezva@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Vásquez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. anavarrt@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. anairamyzenaltey@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. mazari@ib.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Edelmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Linares
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. rbyeunam@ib.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bye
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. rachel@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: Asteraceae; Calea ternifolia; antihyperglycemic; chromenes; sesquiterpene lactones