title: Multimodality imaging of benign or malignant tumors in the vena cava and its main branches.
abstract: Tumors arising from or secondarily involving the vena cava (VC) are broad-spectrum diseases, ranging from benign to malignant. The benign tumors include myxoma, leiomyomatosis and leiomyoma. The primary malignant tumors of the VC are rare, and of these rare entities, leiomyosarcoma is the most frequently encountered. The direct extension of a tumor arising from an adjacent organ such as hepatocellular carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma is more common than primary malignant tumor in the inferior VC. In this article, the authors review the spectrum of VC pathologic processes and the relevant findings from magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and computed tomography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and clinical school of Taishan Medical University, No.67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, P.R. China. Electronic address: honglianwulc@163.com.
authors.forename: Honglian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yantai Harbour Hospital, No.100, Xingfu Road, Yantai, 264000, P.R. China. Electronic address: Changhu1970@163.com.
authors.forename: Huawei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China. Electronic address: 13806408699@163.com.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China. Electronic address: wuxuejunv@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China. Electronic address: Dongdianningphd@163.com.
authors.forename: Dianning
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China. Electronic address: liangch610094175@163.com.
authors.forename: Changhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018231:Leiomyomatosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009232:Myxoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Direct extension of tumor; Leiomyoma; Leiomyomatosis; Leiomyosarcoma; Myxoma; Vena cava