title: Degradation of optical and surface properties of resin-based composites with distinct nanoparticle sizes but equivalent surface area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the optical and surface properties of model resin-based composites made with distinct nanoparticle sizes but equalized surface area, among them, before and after ageing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Model resin-based composites based on BisGMA/TEGDMA (50:50mol%) were loaded with three different fumed silica filler content (7nm/examethyldisilazane, 12nm/octylsilane, and 16nm/dimethylchlorosilane), but with equivalent surface area (BET method). The optical and surface properties of the disk-shaped specimens were measured in 24h after photoactivation (baseline) and repeated after water storage (90days at 37°C), and after abrasion (20,000 cycles of brushing). CIELAB individual parameters, color difference (ΔE*ab), translucency parameter (TP), gloss (G.U.) and roughness (Ra parameter) were measured. Data were statistically analyzed at α=0.05 significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIE L* and TP were not affected by ageing in any group. CIE a* was increased and CIE b* decreased for the 12nm and 16nm groups and did not show any difference for the 7nm group. After ageing, the lowest ΔE*abwas observed for the 7nm group. Gloss and roughness were statistically equivalent for all groups, before and after ageing. The water storage didn't show any significant difference while the abrasion decreased gloss and increased the roughness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optical properties of the tested materials were not dependent of the fillers' surface area, while the surface properties were.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several factors influence the ageing resistance of the resin-based composites, including the surface area of the fillers and the amount and coupling treatment of them. The improvement of the material's physical stability could avoid the premature replacement of dental restorations.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: salgadouff@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinícius Esteves
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Harry B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ferracane
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Nucleus for Dental Biomaterials Research, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013499:Surface Properties; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D012821:Silanes; D014867:Water; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C034268:octylsilane
keywords: Color; Hydrolysis; Silanization; Stability