title: Enhancement of the Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans with the Use of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles.
abstract: This study reports on successful photodynamic inactivation of planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida albicans using Rose Bengal (RB) in combination with biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized by the cell-free filtrate of Penicillium funiculosum BL1 strain. Monodispersed colloidal gold nanoparticles coated with proteins were characterized by a number of techniques including SEM-EDS, TEM, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to be 24 ± 3 nm spheres. A Xe lamp (output power of 20mW, delivering intensity of 53 mW cm-2) was used as a light source to study the effects of RB alone, the gold nanoparticles alone and the RB-gold nanoparticle mixture on the viability of C. albicans cells. The most effective reduction in the number of planktonic cells was found after 30 min of Xe lamp light irradiation (95.4 J cm-2) and was 4.89 log10that is 99.99% kill for the mixture of RB with gold nanoparticles compared with 2.19 log10or 99.37% for RB alone. The biofilm cells were more resistant to photodynamic inactivation, and the highest effective reduction in the number of cells was found after 30 min of irradiation in the presence of the RB-gold nanoparticles mixture and was 1.53 log10, that is 97.04% kill compared with 0.6 log10or 74.73% for RB. The probable mechanism of enhancement of RB-mediated photodynamic fungicidal efficacy against C. albicans in the presence of biogenic gold nanoparticles is discussed leading to the conclusion that this process may have a multifaceted character.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maliszewska
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lisiak
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Popko
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matczyszyn
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006046:Gold