title: Impact of Topical Application Site On the Efficacy of Permethrin and Malathion To Culex quinquefasciatus.
abstract: Although insecticide spray droplets will potentially impinge on many exoskeletal body regions, traditional mosquito topical bioassays focus insecticide application to the mesothoracic pleural or dorsal area. Concentrations of permethrin and malathion found in droplets from ultra-low volume and low-volume sprays were evaluated for efficacy against adult Culex quinquefasciatus using a topical application bioassay. Results document nonuniform insecticide sensitivity across body regions, which has not been previously assessed in mosquitoes. Insecticide contact with appendages, such as the leg and the wing, returned much lower mortality from both insecticides than exposure to the primary body (i.e., head, thorax, and abdomen). No difference was observed in percent mortality 24 h after exposure to different insecticides to the same body region. Sublethal behaviors were also observed and discussed for both insecticides. Our findings provide valuable information for those performing topical bioassays, and may help explain insecticide effectiveness wherever droplets impinge upon the mosquito body during laboratory or field applications.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Aldridge
authors.forename: Phillip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bloomquist
authors.forename: Salvador A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gezan
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Linthicum
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides; D008294:Malathion; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D026023:Permethrin; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D026023:Permethrin; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; D008294:Malathion
keywords: Body region; insecticide droplet; mesothorax; topical bioassay; vector control