title: Therapeutic Effect ofDendrobium candidumon Lupus Nephritis in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendrobium candidum(D. candimum) widely is a functional drug. The curative effect ofD. candidumon lupus nephritis has been studiedin vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DBA/2 and B6D2F1 mice were used for thisin vivoexperiment. The 50% effective dose (ED50) was used to check the effective concentration for this study. Then the SCr, BUN, TC, TG, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were determined by kits. The output of urine protein was determined by means of Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and the auto-antibody dsDNA was determined with titer plate technology and indirect immunofluorescence. The NF-κB, IκB-α, TGF 'β1, Fas, and FasL expressions were measured by RT-PCR and western blot assay. The component analysis ofD. candidumwas determined by nuclear magnetic resonance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the ED50result at 329 mg/kg, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were chosen for this study. SCr, BUN, TC and TG levels of 400 mg/kgD. candidummice were lower than control mice, TP and ALB levels were higher than control mice. The control and 400 mg/kg treated mice tested positive for dsDNA at the end of sixth and tenth week after the experiment began. The glomerular number of 400 mg/kg treated mice was more than control group. Treatment with 400 mg/kgD. candidumreduced IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γcytokine levels as compared to control mice.D. candidumdecreased NF-κb, TGF 'β1, Fas, FasL and increased IκB-α expressions in kidney tissue. There were 11 compounds in dryD. candidum, these compounds might make the curative effects of lupus nephritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D. candidumshowed a potential curative effect on lupus nephritis. It could be used as a health medicine on lupus nephritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D. candidumreduced the SCr, BUN, TC, TG serum levels and raised the TP, ALB levels compared to control group.The glomerular number ofD. candidumtreated mice was more than control group.D. candidumtreated mice showed lower IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokine levels than control mice.D. candidumdecreased NF-κb, TGF-β1, Fas, FasL and increased IκB-α expressions in kidney tissue.Abbreviations used:LN: Lupus nephritis, SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus,D. candidum:Dendrobium candidum; IL-6: interleukin-6, IL-12: interleukin-12, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma, SCr: serum creatinine, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, TP: total protein, ALB: albumin.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
keywords: Cytokine; RT-PCR; dendrobium candidum; inflammation; lupus nephritis