title: ELIME assay vs Real-Time PCR and conventional culture method for an effective detection of Salmonella in fresh leafy green vegetables.
abstract: The detection of Salmonella according to EC regulation is still primarily based on traditional microbiological culture methods that may take several days to be completed. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of an Enzyme-Linked-Immuno-Magnetic-Electrochemical (ELIME) assay, recently developed by our research group for the detection of salmonella in irrigation water, in fresh (raw and ready-to-eat) leafy green vegetables by comparison with Real-Time PCR (RTi-PCR) and ISO culture methods. Since vegetables represent a more complex matrix than irrigation water, preliminary experiments were carried out on two leafy green vegetables that resulted negative for salmonella by the ISO method. 25g of these samples were experimentally inoculated with 1-10 CFU of S. Napoli or S. Thompson and pre-enriched for 20h in two different broths. At this time aliquots were taken, concentrated at different levels by centrifugation, and analyzed by ELIME and RTi-PCR. Once selected the best culture medium for salmonella growth, and the optimal concentration factor suitable to reduce the sample matrix effect, enhancing the out-put signal, several raw and ready-to-eat leafy green vegetables were artificially inoculated and pre-enriched. Aliquots were then taken at different incubation times and analyzed with both techniques. Results obtained showed that 20 and 8h of pre-enrichment were required to allow the target salmonella (1-10 CFU/25g) to multiply until reaching a detectable concentration by ELIME and RTi-PCR assays, respectively. A confirmation with the ISO culture method was carried out. Based on the available literature, this is the first report of the application of an ELISA based method for the detection of Salmonella in vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, "Tor Vergata" University, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: elisabetta.delibato@iss.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delibato
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, "Tor Vergata" University, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giulia.volpe@uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, "Tor Vergata" University, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piermarini
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Medici
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via della Salute 2, Portici, NA, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, "Tor Vergata" University, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palleschi
mesh_terms: D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: ELIME assay; Fresh leafy green vegetables; RTi-PCR; Salmonella