title: The metabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed greater differences between patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls than those in plasma.
abstract: To determine differences between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the plasma metabolites in patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. In all, 65 nononobese patients (aged 30-70 years) with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and 65 nonobese sex-matched healthy controls were included, and fasting peripheral blood mononuclear cell and plasma metabolomes were profiled. The diabetic or impaired fasting glucose patients showed higher circulating and peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipoprotein phospholipase A2activities, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α than controls. Compared with controls, impaired fasting glucose or diabetic subjects showed increases in 11 peripheral blood mononuclear cell metabolites: six amino acids (valine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan), l-pyroglutamic acid, two fatty acid amides containing palmitic amide and oleamide and two lysophosphatidylcholines. In impaired fasting glucose or diabetic patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipoprotein phospholipase A2positively associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysophosphatidylcholines and circulating inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein phospholipase A2activities. In plasma metabolites between patients and healthy controls, we observed significant increases in only three amino acids (proline, valine and leucine) and decreases in only five lysophosphatidylcholines. This study demonstrates significant differences in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell metabolome in patients with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes compared with healthy controls. These differences were greater than those observed in the plasma metabolome. These data suggest peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a useful tool to better understand the inflammatory pathophysiology of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minjoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2 National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|3 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minkyung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 4 Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 6 Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|2 National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|3 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011392:Proline / Q000097:blood; D014633:Valine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D011392:Proline; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; C526684:PLA2G7 protein, human; D007930:Leucine; D014633:Valine
keywords: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; amino acids; lipoprotein phospholipase A2; lysophosphatidylcholines; metabolites