title: Applying recovery biomarkers to calibrate self-report measures of sodium and potassium in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
abstract: Measurement error in assessment of sodium and potassium intake obscures associations with health outcomes. The level of this error in a diverse US Hispanic/Latino population is unknown. We investigated the measurement error in self-reported dietary intake of sodium and potassium and examined differences by background (Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican and South American). In 2010-2012, we studied 447 participants aged 18-74 years from four communities (Miami, Bronx, Chicago and San Diego), obtaining objective 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion measures. Self-report was captured from two interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls. Twenty percent of the sample repeated the study. We examined bias in self-reported sodium and potassium from diet and the association of mismeasurement with participant characteristics. Linear regression relating self-report with objective measures was used to develop calibration equations. Self-report underestimated sodium intake by 19.8% and 20.8% and potassium intake by 1.3% and 4.6% in men and women, respectively. Sodium intake underestimation varied by Hispanic/Latino background (P<0.05) and was associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Potassium intake underestimation was associated with higher BMI, lower restaurant score (indicating lower consumption of foods prepared away from home and/or eaten outside the home) and supplement use. The R2was 19.7% and 25.0% for the sodium and potassium calibration models, respectively, increasing to 59.5 and 61.7% after adjusting for within-person variability in each biomarker. These calibration equations, corrected for subject-specific reporting error, have the potential to reduce bias in diet-disease associations within this largest cohort of Hispanics in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology &Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mossavar-Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sotres-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Loria
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gellman
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology &Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lora
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siega-Riz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology &Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics &Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002138:Calibration; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000652:urine*; D057566:Self Report; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary