title: Risk Factors for Vitamin D, Zinc, and Selenium Deficiencies in Korean Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies on the micronutrient status of Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. We evaluated the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and verified the risk factors for micronutrient deficiency in Korean patients with IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D], zinc, and selenium to analyze the clinical risk factors for micronutrient levels below the reference values. In addition, we compared the 25-(OH)D levels of patients with IBD to those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 83 patients, 74 (89.2%) had suboptimal serum 25-(OH)D levels. The mean plasma 25-(OH)D level in patients with IBD was significantly reduced compared to that of the healthy controls (12.3±6.2 ng/mL vs 20.0±6.7 ng/mL; p<0.001). The proportions of patients with lower serum zinc and selenium levels were 39.0% and 30.9%, respectively. Female sex (p=0.012) and Crohn's disease (p=0.012) were associated with vitamin D deficiency. Patients younger than 40 years were at increased risk for zinc deficiency (p=0.045). Female sex (p=0.015) and low serum albumin level (<3.3 g/dL) (p=0.047) were risk factors for selenium deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many Korean patients with IBD have vitamin D, zinc, and selenium deficiencies, suggesting the necessity for monitoring levels of these micronutrients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Deficiency; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Selenium; Vitamin D; Zinc