title: Treatment of Arctic wastewater by chemical coagulation, UV and peracetic acid disinfection.
abstract: Conventional wastewater treatment is challenging in the Arctic region due to the cold climate and scattered population. Thus, no wastewater treatment plant exists in Greenland, and raw wastewater is discharged directly to nearby waterbodies without treatment. We investigated the efficiency of physicochemical wastewater treatment, in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. Raw wastewater from Kangerlussuaq was treated by chemical coagulation and UV disinfection. By applying 7.5 mg Al/L polyaluminium chloride (PAX XL100), 73% of turbidity and 28% phosphate was removed from raw wastewater. E. coli and Enterococcus were removed by 4 and 2.5 log, respectively, when UV irradiation of 0.70 kWh/m3was applied to coagulated wastewater. Furthermore, coagulated raw wastewater in Denmark, which has a chemical quality similar to Greenlandic wastewater, was disinfected by peracetic acid or UV irradiation. Removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 6 and 12 mg/L peracetic acid was 2.8 and 3.1 log, respectively. Similarly, removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 0.21 and 2.10 kWh/m3for UV irradiation was 2.1 and greater than 4 log, respectively. Physicochemical treatment of raw wastewater followed by UV irradiation and/or peracetic acid disinfection showed the potential for treatment of arctic wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chhetri
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.|Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Brovej, Building 118, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klupsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik Rasmus
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Brovej, Building 118, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. pej@byg.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Pernille Erland
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003718:Denmark; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006116:Greenland; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D010463:Peracetic Acid; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Arctic; Coagulation; Disinfection; Peracetic acid; Poly aluminum chloride; UV irradiation; Wastewater