title: Retreatment of failed regenerative endodontic of orthodontically treated immature permanent maxillary central incisor: a case report.
abstract: A revascularization procedure was shown to be the best alternative therapy for immature teeth with necrotic pulp and apical infection. A 12 year old female with a history of trauma to her upper central incisor and a sinus tract was referred for endodontic treatment. She was an active orthodontic patient and had undergone regenerative endodontic treatment for the past 2 years. Clinical examination revealed no response to sensibility, percussion, and palpation tests. The preoperative radiograph showed an open apex and apical rarefaction. The case was diagnosed as previously treated tooth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Regenerative endodontic retreatment was performed, and the case was followed for 3 years. Clinical, radiographic, and cone-beam computed tomography follow-up examination revealed an asymptomatic tooth, with evidence of periapical healing and root maturation.
authors.affiliation: Security Force Hospital, Dental Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Musaed Fahad
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Al-Tammami
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Endodontics, King Saudi University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saad A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Nazhan
keywords: Double antibiotic paste; Maxillary central incisor; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Open apex; Regenerative endodontics