title: Growth responses of entire and immunocastrated male pigs to dietary protein with and without ractopamine hydrochloride.
abstract: The interaction between dietary balanced protein, ractopamine (RAC) and Improvac (IMP) on the growth response of 120 individually penned male PIC© pigs was evaluated. The pigs entered the trial at 16 weeks of age and were assigned to 12 treatments using a 2×2×3 factorial design. Three balanced protein diets, formulated with standard illeal digestible lysine levels of 7.50 (low), 9.79 (medium) and 12.07 g/kg (high), were fed from 20 weeks. Improvac was administered at 16 and 20 weeks, the booster being given 4 weeks before slaughter. Ractopamine was supplemented at 10 mg/kg to the applicable treatments from 20 weeks. Live weight, backfat depth and food intake were measured on a weekly basis. Primary vaccination had no influence on the parameters measured. Immunocastration, RAC and higher protein diet treatments increased weight gain, but food intake was increased only with the use of IMP. Although weight gain increased in IMP-treated males, the increased feed intake resulted in their feed conversion efficiencies (FCE) being inferior to the intact controls. Feeding RAC only benefitted FCE when a high or medium protein diet was fed. Immunocastrates deposited more backfat after the booster vaccination than did entire males. Thus the cost of using RAC, IMP and of increasing dietary protein content needs to be weighed up against the additional revenue generated through the use of these interventions.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Sciences,University of Stellenbosch,Private Bag X1,Matieland,Stellenbosch 7602,South Africa.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Sciences,University of Stellenbosch,Private Bag X1,Matieland,Stellenbosch 7602,South Africa.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: 2School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Scottsville 3209,South Africa.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gous
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: GnRH; backat; immunocastrate; intake; ractopamine