title: Multi-Constituent Simulation of Thrombus Deposition.
abstract: In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal mathematical model for simulating the formation and growth of a thrombus. Blood is treated as a multi-constituent mixture comprised of a linear fluid phase and a thrombus (solid) phase. The transport and reactions of 10 chemical and biological species are incorporated using a system of coupled convection-reaction-diffusion (CRD) equations to represent three processes in thrombus formation: initiation, propagation and stabilization. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations using the libraries of OpenFOAM were performed for two illustrative benchmark problems: in vivo thrombus growth in an injured blood vessel and in vitro thrombus deposition in micro-channels (1.5 mm × 1.6 mm × 0.1 mm) with small crevices (125 μm × 75 μm and 125 μm × 137 μm). For both problems, the simulated thrombus deposition agreed very well with experimental observations, both spatially and temporally. Based on the success with these two benchmark problems, which have very different flow conditions and biological environments, we believe that the current model will provide useful insight into the genesis of thrombosis in blood-wetted devices, and provide a tool for the design of less thrombogenic devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jamiolkowski
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.affiliation: U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), PA, 15236, USA.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Antaki
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000503:physiopathology*