title: Clinical Phenotyping of Heart Failure with Biomarkers: Current and Future Perspectives.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with diverse risk factors and etiologies, differing underlying pathophysiology, and large phenotypic heterogeneity.
  
  
  
  Advances in imaging techniques coupled with clinical trials that targeted only in those with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have largely shaped the current management strategy for HF that focuses predominantly in patients with systolic HF. In contrast, there are no effective treatments for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Instead of this "one-size-fits-all" approach to treatment, better precision to define HF phenotypic classifications may lead to more efficient and effective HF disease management.
  
  
  
  Integrating variables-including clinical variables, HF biomarkers, imaging, genotypes, metabolomics, and proteomics-can identify different pathophysiologies, lead to more precise phenotypic classification, and warrant investigation in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA.|Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vichai
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Senthong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kirsop
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA. tangw@ccf.org.|Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. tangw@ccf.org.|Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. tangw@ccf.org.
authors.forename: W H Wilson
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D005544:Forecasting; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Heart failure; Pathophysiology; Phenotype; Therapeutics