title: The Acute Effects of Simple Sugar Ingestion on Appetite, Gut-Derived Hormone Response, and Metabolic Markers in Men.
abstract: This pilot study aimed to investigate the effect of simple sugar ingestion, in amounts typical of common ingestion, on appetite and the gut-derived hormone response. Seven healthy men ingested water (W) and equicaloric solutions containing 39.6 g glucose monohydrate (G), 36 g fructose (F), 36 g sucrose (S), and 19.8 g glucose monohydrate + 18 g fructose (C), in a randomised order. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, lactate, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and d-3 hydroxybutyrate, were measured for 60 min. Appetite was measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The ingestion of F and S resulted in a lower GIP incremental area under the curve (iAUC) compared to the ingestion of G (p< 0.05). No differences in the iAUC for GLP-1 or ghrelin were present between the trials, nor for insulin between the sugars. No differences in appetite ratings or hepatic metabolism measures were found, except for lactate, which was greater following the ingestion of F, S, and C, when compared to W and G (p< 0.05). The acute ingestion of typical amounts of fructose, in a variety of forms, results in marked differences in circulating GIP and lactate concentration, but no differences in appetite ratings, triglyceride concentration, indicative lipolysis, or NEFA metabolism, when compared to glucose.
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK. a.yau@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Adora M W
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester M13 9PT, UK. john.mclaughlin@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK. b.gilmore@mmu.ac.uk.|School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK. b.gilmore@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. R.J.Maughan@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maughan
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK. gethin.evans@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gethin H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005632:Fructose / Q000097:blood; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006884:Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006884:Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase
keywords: GLP-1; appetite; fructose; ghrelin; glucose; gut hormones; hepatic metabolism; sucrose; sugar ingestion