title: Osteochondral lesions of the talus in the athlete: up to date review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are common injuries in athletes. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the clinical results and return to sport capacity in athletes following treatment for OLT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reparative procedures, such as bone marrow stimulation, and replacement procedures, such as autologous osteochondral transplantation, provide good clinical outcomes in short- and mid-term follow-up in the athlete. Recently, biological augmentation and scaffold-based therapies have been shown to improve clinical and radiological outcomes in OLT in both the general population and athletes. Most studies are of a low level of evidence. Studies analyzing the return to sport capability in athletes are further lacking. High-level evidence and well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the most effective treatment protocol.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 523 East 72nd Street, Suite 507, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimozono
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 523 East 72nd Street, Suite 507, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 523 East 72nd Street, Suite 507, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 523 East 72nd Street, Suite 507, New York, NY, 10021, USA. KennedyJ@hss.edu.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
keywords: Autologous osteochondral transplantation; Biologic; Bone marrow stimulations; Osteochondral lesions of talus