title: Seizures in Children With Cerebral Palsy and White Matter Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to describe the prevalence, syndromes, and evolution of seizure disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP) due to white matter injury (WMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  For this population-based cohort study, brain MRI scans and medical records were reviewed in children in the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register born between 1999 and 2006 recorded as having WMI. Children were excluded if they had features of an undiagnosed syndrome, associated cortical malformation or injury, or no medical contact in the preceding year. Included were 166 children with CP and isolated WMI due to presumed vascular insufficiency or hemorrhage; 87 were born preterm. Seizure and CP details were obtained from medical records and interviews, and EEG recordings were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one children (25%) had seizures beyond the neonatal period. Four children had West syndrome, which resolved with treatment. Thirteen children had febrile seizures that they outgrew. Thirty children had focal epilepsy with seizure manifestations and EEG discharges typical of early-onset childhood occipital epilepsy or childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes; 23 have outgrown these seizures. Two children had idiopathic generalized epilepsy; it was ongoing in 1 child. Fourteen children had evolution from 1 epileptic syndrome to another. At last follow-up (median age, 12.7 years; minimum age, 9.7 years), 80% had not had a seizure for >2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electroclinical features of seizure disorders associated with CP and WMI are those of the age-limited, epileptic syndromes of childhood, with favorable outcome in the majority. The findings have important implications for counseling and drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Monica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Dinah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reddihough
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; simon.harvey@rch.org.au.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants