title: The association between periodontitis and sleep duration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to its potential to influence systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and to predispose to bacterial infections, sleep duration could potentially be a risk factor for periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate if there was in 2012 an association between periodontitis and sleep duration in a representative sample of the South Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5812 subjects representative of 39.4 million of adults were examined. Multivariate logistic regressions were applied controlling for age, gender, education, smoking status, alcoholism and consumption frequency of coffee, tea, chocolate and red wine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the group sleeping ≤5 h/day, the adjusted odds ratios for periodontitis prevalence defined as Community Periodontal Index (CPI) = 4 were OR = 2.46 (95% CI: 1.20-5.06) in the 6 h/day sleepers group, OR = 2.66 (95% CI: 1.35-5.25) in the 7 h/day sleepers group, OR = 2.29 (95% CI: 1.13-4.63) in the 8 h/day sleepers group and OR = 4.27 (95% CI: 1.83-9.97) in the ≥9 h/day sleepers group. The association has shown to be highlighted in middle-aged people, females, non-smokers, lower educated, with lower lead and higher cadmium blood levels and with higher carotene dietary intake ones and to be partially mediated by lipid profile alterations, diabetes, serum Vitamin D levels and WBC count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel, direct and independent association between sleep duration and the prevalence of periodontitis was found. However, it needs to be investigated how the factors influencing the sleep duration affect this association.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.|Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.|Department of Periodontology and Prosthodontics, "G. Eastman" Dental Hospital, Rome, Italy.|Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-083X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romandini
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gioele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gioco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perfetti
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.|Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deli
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Staderini
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.|Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andreina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laforì
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES); association; epidemiology; inflammation; oxidative stress; periodontal diseases; periodontitis; risk factors; sleep