title: Protective effect of spermine against pentylenetetrazole kindling epilepsy induced comorbidities in mice.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), an important intracellular signaling molecule is involved in modulation of neuronal transmission. The NO level increases during epileptic activity in animal models of epilepsy. However, its role in epileptic activity remains controversial. Spermine is an endogenous polyamine; possesses anti-oxidant property and has ability to modulate ion channels and NO synthase activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of NO pathway in the neuroprotective effect of spermine, in Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced kindling epilepsy in mice. PTZ (35mg/kg; intraperitoneal, i.p.) was administered on every alternate day up to 29days and challenge test was performed on 33rd day. From 15th day, spermine (5 and 10mg/kg; i.p.), L-NAME (10mg/kg; i.p), l-Arginine (50mg/kg; i.p) and sodium valproate (400mg/kg; i.p.) were administered up to 33rd day. Animals were sacrificed on 34th day for estimation of biochemical and neurotransmitters. Pretreatment with spermine, considerably, reversed the PTZ induced alterations. Further, pretreatment of L-NAME and l-Arginine with 5 and 10mg/kg; i.p. spermine, respectively, leads to an increase and decrease in its protective effects. The present study suggests the involvement of NO pathway in the protective effect of spermine against PTZ-induced kindling epilepsy in mice.
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001 Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001 Punjab, India. Electronic address: punnubansal79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013096:Spermine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013096:Spermine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D001120:Arginine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
keywords: Cognitive dysfunction; Kindling; Polyamine; Seizures