title: Calretinin expression as a reliable prognostic marker in different molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calretinin (CR), a known mesothelial marker, is expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal malignancies including breast cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to measure the frequency of CR expression in correlation with other clinicopathological parameters of different molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma and to study its prognostic implications in this common cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays were constructed from 225 tissue samples of breast carcinoma cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunostaining for CR in addition to estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor, CK5/6, and Ki-67 for molecular subtyping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were done using SPSS 18.0 software (IBM Inc.). Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier test, Log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases of invasive breast carcinomas with different grades were classified into 84 luminal A, 45 luminal B, 27 HER2 positive, 40 basal-like, and 29 unclassified. High CR expression was associated with tumors of high grade (P < 0.0001), high locoregional recurrence (P = 0.005), hormonal receptors negative, and high Ki-67 indices. They frequently display a basal-like phenotype (70%, P < 0.0001), HER2 (59.3%), and luminal B (33.3%) tumors compared to luminal A (9.5%) and unclassified subtypes (17.2%). Moreover, it is associated with poor overall patient survival (P = 0.034), but it does not affect disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calretinin could be a reliable predictor marker of adverse prognosis in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Port Said Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mayada Saad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Farrag
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amro Awad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Karef
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha Mohammed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nagwa Mokhtar
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Helal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Omar Farouk
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nesrine Saad
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Farrag
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D064032:Calbindin 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D064032:Calbindin 2