title: Diel periodicity of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) under field conditions.
abstract: Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an economically important pest of blueberry and other thin-skinned fruits, persists and prolifically reproduces under seemingly lethal climatic conditions in the field. However, behavioral and physiological mechanisms employed by D. suzukii to tolerate such extreme climatic conditions in the field are unknown. The primary objective of this project was to investigate diel periodicity of D. suzukii and their reproductive success under field conditions as related by climatic factors such as temperature and relative humidity. Results show that D. suzukii reproductive success was significantly higher during the night (including dawn and dusk periods) than the day in terms of oviposition, pupation, adult eclosion, and the number of progeny per female. Female D. suzukii reproductive success was not significantly different between specific regions of a blueberry bush in relation to the amount of shade provided by the canopy. Our studies indicate that D. suzukii flight activity is crepuscular and is sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. Results also suggest that the majority of fly activity during peak hours is concentrated in areas around the border and within the center of blueberry orchards with little activity in the surrounding wooded areas. These findings suggest that D. suzukii prefers microclimate with mild temperatures and high humidity, and does not function well when exposed to direct sunlight with extreme heat. The authors propose that D. suzukii management strategies should be implemented during the early morning and immediately before darkness to maximize efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Toews
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ashfaq A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-1818
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sial
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000502:physiology*; D006813:Humidity; D008124:Locomotion; D008834:Microclimate; D010507:Periodicity; D017440:Photoperiod; D012098:Reproduction; D013696:Temperature