title: Analysis and Management of Complications in a Cohort of 1,065 Minimally Invasive Cochlear Implantations.
abstract: To analyze complications associated with minimally invasive cochlear implantation by comparing data from different centers, to discuss major reasons for complications, and to refine implantation techniques to decrease them.
  
  
  
  Patients who underwent cochlear implantation at our center by the same surgeon (the corresponding author of this article) from March 2006 to March 2015 were enrolled.
  
  
  
  First, a retrospective analysis of the complications associated with minimally invasive cochlear implantation at our center was performed. Second, published reports from other centers that describe complications were reviewed. Differences between complications in our cohort and other studies were evaluated.
  
  
  
  Strategies for reducing complications were assessed and modifications in surgical protocol proposed accordingly.
  
  
  
  In total, 1,014 patients underwent 1,065 cochlear implantations. There were 28 complications (7 major, 21 minor) and only 2 reimplantations for the entire cohort, with no case of severe infection, flap necrosis, or device extrusion. The major complications were electrode misplacement, magnet displacement, implant failure secondary to trauma, and temporary cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The rates of major complications in our cohort were very low (0.6%) compared with those in the literature.
  
  
  
  Preoperative surgical planning based on individual patient anatomy and employment of soft surgical techniques can minimize surgical complications.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing†Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University ShengLi Clinical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou‡Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen§Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya||Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force General Hospital¶Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the PLA General Hospital#Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing**Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin††Institute of Geriatrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Beicheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Baochun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yueshuai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Guojian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yongyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dongyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D015995:Prevalence; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult