title: [Evaluation of anger expression, school functioning and a level of anxiety in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain].
abstract: Psychosocial conditions may have influence on the occurrence of functional abdominal pain. Anxiety, school-related difficulties and suppression of emotions negatively impact on the psychosocial condition of a child and could impede its treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The analysis of the psychosocial determinants of functioning of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain. Meterial and methods: The study group comprised 58 patients (12 boys and 46 girls) from 9 to 17 years of age (av. 13.34±2.14 years) with functional abdominal pain, diagnosed according to the III Roman Criteria, and the control group of 58 healthy children in adequate age, of Bydgoszcz primary and secondary schools. The test method utilised The Anger Regulation and Expression Scale (SEG), The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Me and My School Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysing the results of scale SEG between the group of children with functional abdominal pain and healthy children, significant differences were observed in the scale of external anger (p=0.045). There were no differences between the group of children with functional abdominal pain and the comparative one in terms of Me and My School Inventory scale (p> 0.05). In the group of healthy adolescents, the average of motivation differed significantly from the result of the adolescents with functional abdominal pain (p=0.031). There were no differences between the group of children and adolescents with abdominal pain and the healthy ones in terms of the performance in STAIC scales (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Healthy children compared to children with functional abdominal pain more openly express negative emotions, such as anger and irritation, which can cause reduced tendency to the somatization of symptoms. 2. Symptoms of young people with functional abdominal pain intensify reluctance to fulfill school duties and heighten fear of school, depending on the speed of activation of the autonomic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marczyńska
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowalkowska
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuczyńska
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.
authors.forename: Mieczysława
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czerwionka-Szaflarska
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krogulska
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D001007:Anxiety; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000066477:Work Performance
keywords:  adolescents ;  anxiety;  children;  expression of emotions;  motivation to learn; functional abdominal pain