title: Composition, Antifungal and Antiproliferative Activities of the Hydrodistilled Oils from Leaves and Flower Heads of Pterocephalus nestorianus Nábělek.
abstract: This article reports the first study of the chemical composition, and antifungal and antiproliferative properties of the volatile extracts obtained by hydrodistillation of the flower heads and leaves of the traditional Kurdish medicinal plant Pterocephalus nestorianus Nábělek, collected in the wild. A total of 55 constituents, 43 of the flower heads' oil (PFO) and 46 of the leaves' oil (PLO), respectively, were identified by GC/MS, constituting 99.68% and 99.04% of the two oils, respectively. The oils were obtained in 0.15% and 0.10% yields (w/w), respectively, on air-dried vegetable material. The prevalent constituents of the PFO were α-terpineol (2.41%), α-linalool (6.42%), 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (2.59%), myristic acid (24.65%), and lauric acid (50.44%), while the major components of PLO were (E)-hex-2-enal (2.26%), (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol (2.04), myristic acid (34.03%), and lauric acid (50.35%). The two oils showed significant inhibitory and fungicidal activities against the medically important fungi Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.7 to 3.3 mg/ml and minimum fungicidal concentration varying from 1.4 to 6.6 mg/ml. The antiproliferative activity of the two oils was assayed against one normal and six human tumor cell lines. Both oils showed selective cytotoxic activity, with IC50values ranging from 1.4 to 3.3 μg/ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University - Kirkuk Road, Erbil, Iraq.
authors.forename: Fuad O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University - Kirkuk Road, Erbil, Iraq.
authors.forename: Faiq H S
authors.initials: FHS
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Centro Grandi Strumenti, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mannucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosamaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lappano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente - Laboratorio di Micologia, Università di Pavia, Via San Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggiolini
authors.affiliation: Centro CEMEC and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vidari
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D027922:Caprifoliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: 
  Pterocephalus nestorianus
  ; Antifungal and antiproliferative activities; Dipsacaceae; Kurdish folk medicine; Oil composition