title: Cyberbullying: a storm in a teacup?
abstract: Cyberbullying has been portrayed as a rising 'epidemic' amongst children and adolescents. But does it create many new victims beyond those already bullied with traditional means (physical, relational)? Our aim was to determine whether cyberbullying creates uniquely new victims, and whether it has similar impact upon psychological and behavioral outcomes for adolescents, beyond those experienced by traditional victims. This study assessed 2745 pupils, aged 11-16, from UK secondary schools. Pupils completed an electronic survey that measured bullying involvement, self-esteem and behavioral problems. Twenty-nine percent reported being bullied but only 1% of adolescents were pure cyber-victims (i.e., not also bullied traditionally). Compared to direct or relational victims, cyber-victimization had similar negative effects on behavior (z = -0.41) and self-esteem (z = -0.22) compared to those not involved in bullying. However, those bullied by multiple means (poly-victims) had the most difficulties with behavior (z = -0.94) and lowest self-esteem (z = -0.78). Cyberbullying creates few new victims, but is mainly a new tool to harm victims already bullied by traditional means. Cyberbullying extends the reach of bullying beyond the school gate. Intervention strategies against cyberbullying may need to include approaches against traditional bullying and its root causes to be successful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. D.Wolke@warwick.ac.uk.|Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. D.Wolke@warwick.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolke
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Kirsty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept
keywords: Aggressive behavior; Bullying; Cyberbullying; Interpersonal relationships; Self-esteem; Victimization