title: Macronutrient intake in preschoolers with cystic fibrosis and the relationship between macronutrients and growth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate nutrition is essential for growth in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The new CF Foundation Clinical Practice Guidelines bring attention to monitoring macronutrient intake as well as total energy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake of 75 preschool children with CF and pancreatic insufficiency was examined and compared to the Clinical Practice Guidelines. Regression analyses examined relationships between macronutrient intake and growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 45% of children met the 110% minimum recommended dietary allowance (RDA) recommendation. Children consumed 35.3% (6.1) of total daily energy intake from fat, 12.7% (1.7) from protein, and 52.0% (6.1) from carbohydrates. Percent energy from protein was associated with height growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many preschoolers with CF are not meeting nutrition benchmarks for total energy and fat. To optimize nutrition early, dietary monitoring with frequent individualized feedback is needed. Optimizing intake of macronutrients that promote growth, especially fat and protein, should be a primary clinical target.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: stephanie.filigno@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Stephanie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Filigno
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, 26 N College Avenue Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Rhonda D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Szczesniak
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Chamberlin
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Meredith A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kroner
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002149:Energy Intake; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Behavioral intervention; Children; Nutrition