title: Physical activity in depressed and non-depressed patients with obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and depression have both been shown to be associated with reduced physical activity (PA). However, most studies have not applied objective measures to determine PA in patients. Moreover, to our knowledge, no studies are available comparing depressed and non-depressed patients with regard to PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated PA in 47 patients with both obesity and depression, 70 non-depressed patients with obesity, and 71 non-depressed and non-obese healthy control participants using the SenseWear™ Armband (SWA) with walked steps per day and metabolic equivalents (MET) as parameters for PA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed as well as non-depressed patients with obesity showed a significantly reduced PA as reflected by walked steps as well as reduced METs. Healthy controls walked a mean of 11,586 ± 3731 (SD) steps per day, whereas non-depressed patients with obesity accumulated 7283 ± 3547 and patients with both obesity and depression recorded only 6177 ± 3291 steps per day. However, the difference between depressed and non-depressed patients with obesity did not reach statistical significance either in terms of walked steps or with regard to METs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity seems to be associated with a substantial reduction of PA and energy expenditure, whereas the effect of an additional depressive disorder was comparably small. Even though depression did not have any statistically significant effect on steps and METs per day in this study with obese patients, it could be clinically relevant for an individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ueck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mergl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.|Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hegerl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. hubertus.himmerich@kcl.ac.uk.|Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK. hubertus.himmerich@kcl.ac.uk.|Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany. hubertus.himmerich@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hubertus
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Himmerich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Actigraphy; Activity; Depression; Obesity; Steps