title: [Sarcoidosis flare after autologous stem cell transplantation: An immune paradox?]
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown cause. Apparition or flare of previously diagnosed sarcoidosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has rarely been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 62-year-old woman who presented a radiological flare of sarcoidosis post-autologous stem cell transplantation for a POEMS syndrome. Imaging findings and lymph node histology, which revealed non-caseating granuloma, were consistent with the sarcoidosis diagnosis. The patient was asymptomatic and was kept free of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sarcoidosis must be considered ahead of compatible clinicoradiological presentation occurring after HSCT. Sarcoidosis can mimic metastatic cancer or lymphatic relapse. Tissue biopsies and exclusion of differential diagnosis of granuloma diseases are warranted to confirm sarcoidosis diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, institut E3M, centre national de référence maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris VI, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France; Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charlotte
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris VI, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France; Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maksud
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, institut E3M, centre national de référence maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris VI, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haroche
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de Dax, Dax 40180, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lifferman
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, institut E3M, centre national de référence maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris VI, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France; Département d'immunochimie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyara
authors.affiliation: Service d'hématologie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choquet
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, institut E3M, centre national de référence maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris VI, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amoura
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, institut E3M, centre national de référence maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris VI, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France. Electronic address: fleur.cohen@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cohen Aubart
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016878:POEMS Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
keywords: Autogreffe; Autologous transplantation; Cellules souches hématopoïétiques; Granuloma; Granulome; Hematopoietic stem cells; POEMS syndrome; Sarcoidosis; Sarcoïdose