title: Nogo-B Facilitates LPS-Mediated Immune Responses by Up-Regulation of TLR4-Signaling in Macrophage RAW264.7.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nogo-B, a member of the reticulon family of proteins, is mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we investigate the function and mechanism of Nogo-B in the regulation of TLR4-associated immune responses in the macrophage cell line of RAW264.7.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nogo-B was up- and down-regulated through the use of appropriate adenoviral vectors or siRNA, and the effects of Nogo-B on macrophages under liposaccharide (LPS) stimulation were evaluated via western blotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometric analysis, and transwell assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data indicates that the protein of Nogo-B was down-regulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner following LPS administration in the macrophage. Nogo-B overexpression increased the production of inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β), enhanced macrophage migration activities, activated major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II), and elevated the expression of macrophage scavenger receptor 1(MSR1), all of which suggest that Nogo-B is necessary for immune responses and plays an important role in regulating macrophage recruitment. Mechanistically, Nogo-B may enhance TLR4 expression in macrophage surfaces, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and initiate inflammatory responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings illustrate the key regulatory functions of Nogo-B in facilitating LPS-mediated immune responses through promoting the phosphorylation of MAP kinase.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yunye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wujian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000070798:Nogo Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C495140:Msr1 protein, mouse; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Immune response; MAP kinase; MCP-1; Macrophage; Nogo-B