title: Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Electrical Stimulation in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of electrical stimulation (ES) in a murine stress urinary incontinence (SUI) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty female C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: CON group, no intervention; VD group, vaginal distension (VD) with an 8-mm dilator for 1 hour; VD + ES 20 group, 20 Hz ES for 0.5 hour for 7 days after VD; and VD + ES 50 group, 50 Hz ES for 7 days after VD. For functional studies, assessments of urodynamics and sneezing test were performed; then, anterior vaginal wall specimens were collected. Pathological changes were validated by Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson staining, and the expressions of collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Smad2/3 pathway components, and T-type calcium channels were detected by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ES significantly increased maximum bladder capacity, leak point pressure, and sneezing positive rate in SUI mice. The staining results showed that collagen was disorganized in the VD group but became organized after ES, especially at 50 Hz. The same results were found for collagens I and III. The expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 significantly decreased in the VD group and significantly increased in the VD + ES groups, especially in the VD + ES 50 group. The expression of 2 T-type calcium channel subtypes (Cav 3.1 and Cav 3.2) decreased in the VD group compared with the CON group, but increased in the VD + ES group compared with the VD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysregulation of collagen metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of SUI. ES can ameliorate the symptoms of SUI by activating collagen regeneration through the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway. T-type calcium channels might be involved in these processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Bingshu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yaodan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Suting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Electronic address: drhongli77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497783:Smad2 protein, mouse; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen