title: Initial development and preliminary psychometric properties of the Prodromal Inventory of Negative Symptoms (PINS).
abstract: In the psychosis prodrome, sub-threshold positive symptoms are often preceded by negative symptoms. Individuals exhibiting these attenuated symptoms are primarily adolescents and young adults at clinical high-risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder. In the CHR state, negative symptoms are highly predictive of the transition to diagnosable illness, making the assessment of these symptoms very important. Existing scales used to evaluate negative symptoms in this critical population are informative but have conceptual and psychometric limitations and/or were not designed according to modern conceptions delineated in the 2005 NIMH Negative Symptom Consensus Conference. The current study reports the development of the Prodromal Interview of Negative Symptoms (PINS) - a next-generation scale designed in accordance with the consensus conference recommendations. Preliminary data on the psychometric properties of the PINS is reported as part of ongoing scale development that will use a data-driven, iterative process to generate a final scale. Analysis of data from 53 CHR cases, 30 of whom were re-evaluated at 12months, indicated that the beta version of the PINS demonstrated good internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. These preliminary findings provide direction for a revision of this measure, which resulted in the PINS-2, a promising new measure for the assessment of negative symptoms in CHR populations. This manuscript presents both the initial scale and resulting untested instrument, as well as a series of plans and recommendations for future development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1905 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1905 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309, United States. Electronic address: andrea.pelletier@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelletier-Baldelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, 446 E Ontario St., Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 446 E Ontario St., Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Vijay A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Assessment; Negative symptoms; Prodrome; Psychosis risk