title: Gelidium amansiiextract ameliorates obesity by down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors in diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated whetherGelidium amansiiextract (GAE) ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mice were maintained on a high-fat diet (HD) for 5 weeks to generate the DIO mouse model. And then mice fed HD plus 0.5% (GAE1), 1% (GAE2) or 2% (GAE3) for 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the experimental period, GAE-supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HD group in body weight gain and liver weight. GAE supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HD group in both epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass. The plasma leptin level was significantly higher in the HD group than in GAE-supplemented groups. The leptin level of HD+GAE3 group was significantly lower than that of the HD+conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) group. In contrast, plasma adiponectin level of the HD group was significantly lower than those of HD+GAE2 and HD+GAE3 groups. The expression levels of adipogenic proteins such as fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α in the GAE supplemented groups were significantly decreased than those in HD group, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of HD+GAE2 and HD+GAE3 groups are significantly decreased compared to those of HD+CLA group. On the contrary, the expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, proteins associated with lipolysis, were significantly increased in the GAE supplemented groups compared to those in the HD group. HD+GAE3 group showed the highest level among the GAE supplemented groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that GAE supplementation stimulated the expressions of lipid metabolic factors and reduced weight gain in HD-fed C57BL/6J obese mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-ju, Busan 46241, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-ju, Busan 46241, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Seojin Biotech Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi 17015, Korea.
authors.forename: Hak-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-ju, Busan 46241, Korea.; Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Adipogenesis; C57BL; lipolysis; obesity; transcription