title: Specific circulating phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids and biogenic amines are aerobic exercise markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regular aerobic exercise provides beneficial effects on human health and reduces all-cause mortality. Aerobic exercise has profound metabolic effects, and specific metabolites may reflect physiological changes. We aimed to identify endogenous metabolites that distinguish the trained from the untrained state to increase the spectrum of analytes amenable for hypothesis testing and to expand understanding of putative beneficial pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional laboratory repeated measures study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exercise testing was performed in 37 healthy male participants and serum samples were obtained before and after completion of a ten-week standardized exercise program. Samples were analyzed for routine clinical parameters and for 188 endogenous metabolites by LC-MS/MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indicating the effectiveness of the intervention program, parameters of sport physiology were different after training. After correcting for multiple testing, serum concentrations of several metabolites differed between the trained and untrained state. Serine and glutamate decreased in response to exercise, whereas sarcosine and kynurenine increased. Phosphatidylcholines showed a mixed response in that four species increased and three decreased. However, all seven lysophosphatidylcholines and all four plasmalogens that differed between the trained and untrained state, increased. One short-chain acylcarnitine also decreased. In receiver operator characteristics analyses, sarcosine displayed the highest AUC value (0.839; 95% CI: 0.734-0.926) in discriminating the pre- from the post-trained state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study detected metabolites that clearly differentiate the trained from the untrained state. These metabolites may be targeted in mechanistic studies to understand underlying biochemical pathways and could serve to improve the design, monitoring and individualization of training programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria; Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria. Electronic address: t.felder@salk.at.
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ring-Dimitriou
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Selma M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Soyal
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Ludmilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kedenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinnerthaler
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cadamuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haschke-Becher
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria; Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria; Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paulweber
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Patsch
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D015415:Biomarkers; D010743:Phospholipids; C116917:acylcarnitine; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Exercise; LysoPC; Metabolomics; Sarcosine; Serine metabolism