title: Circulating classical monocytes are associated with CD11c+macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue.
abstract: Immune cell accumulation in adipose tissue (AT) is associated with the development of AT inflammation, resulting in metabolic dysfunction. Circulating immune cell patterns may reflect immune cell accumulation in expanding AT. However, data linking human leukocytes in blood and AT is lacking. We investigated whether blood immune cell populations are associated with their counterparts in subcutaneous (scAT) or visceral AT (vAT). Flow cytometry was performed on blood, scAT and vAT from 16 lean and 29 obese men. Circulating natural killer (NK)-cells, classical monocytes and nonclassical monocytes were higher in obese individuals. vAT, but not scAT, of obese individuals contained more inflammatory CD11c+"M1" macrophages and NK cells compared to lean individuals. Blood classical monocytes were associated with CD11c+macrophages in vAT but not scAT. This association was unrelated to expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD11c or of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 on these monocytes. Other AT immune cells were not associated with their respective counterparts in blood. Finally, CD11c+macrophages and CD4+T-cells in vAT were associated with their counterparts in scAT. In conclusion, blood classical monocytes reflect CD11c+macrophages in vAT.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kristiaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gaens
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands.|Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verboven
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jocken
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wetzels
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Pathology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wijnands
authors.affiliation: Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Greevenbroek
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adriaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duijvestijn
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Pathology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Erik A L
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Biessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Blaak
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Casper G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039521:CD11c Antigen; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D016023:Integrins