title: The Prevalence of Compassion Fatigue among Veterinary Students in Australia and the Associated Psychological Factors.
abstract: Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and other characteristics such as mindfulness and mental health stigma have not been investigated in veterinary students. The aims of this study were twofold: first to determine the prevalence of compassion, satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress among Australian veterinary students and second to investigate the association between these factors and self-stigma, coping, empathy, and mindfulness. A cross-sectional online survey consisting of demographic questions and four validated psychological measures sampled 828 students, with a response rate of 31% (255/828). We obtained a usable sample of completed surveys from 193 of 828 (23%) veterinary students from six of the seven Australian veterinary schools. Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to examine associations between the psychological predictors and the outcome variables. Approximately 30% of veterinary students were at high risk of burnout, 24% were at high risk of secondary traumatic stress, and 21% reported low compassion satisfaction. High empathic concern, low personal distress, female gender, and employment history at a veterinary clinic were associated with high compassion satisfaction. High dysfunctional coping, low nonjudgmental and acting-with-awareness mindfulness, and lack of previous employment at a veterinary clinic were associated with high burnout. High dysfunctional coping, low acting-with-awareness mindfulness, high self-stigma, and high personal distress were associated with high secondary traumatic stress. As a result of these findings, certain emotional characteristics can be identified as targets for intervention to minimize the frequency and potentially negative impact of compassion fatigue and burnout in veterinary students.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Jena R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Conor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hazel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000068376:Compassion Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004520:Education, Veterinary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012582:Schools, Veterinary; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: burnout; compassion fatigue; compassion satisfaction; coping; empathy; mindfulness; self-stigma; veterinary students