title: Predicting progression to dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment using cerebrospinal fluid markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to determine the added value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to clinical and imaging tests to predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to any type of dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The risk of progression to dementia was estimated using two logistic regression models based on 250 MCI participants: the first included standard clinical measures (demographic, clinical, and imaging test information) without CSF biomarkers, and the second included standard clinical measures with CSF biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adding CSF improved predictive accuracy with 0.11 (scale from 0-1). Of all participants, 136 (54%) had a change in risk score of 0.10 or higher (which was considered clinically relevant), of whom in 101, it was in agreement with their dementia status at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An individual person's risk of progression from MCI to dementia can be improved by relying on CSF biomarkers in addition to recommended clinical and imaging tests for usual care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ron.handels@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Ron L H
authors.initials: RLH
authors.lastname: Handels
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephanie J B
authors.initials: SJB
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Milica G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kramberger
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jelic
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Buchem
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wiesje
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Flier
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra AB Norrtälje Hospital, Stockholm Sweden.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Freund-Levi
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Radboudumc Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olde Rikkert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ania
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oleksik
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Zvezdan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pirtosek
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Neurocenter-Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Hilkka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.affiliation: Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teunissen
authors.affiliation: Memory and Dementia Outpatient Clinic, 3rd Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.affiliation: Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Asa K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans R J
authors.initials: FRJ
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter Jelle
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003704:Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Conversion; Dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Predict; Prognosis; Progression; Reclassification; Risk; Risk prediction model