title: Graphene oxide/Fe3O4as sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography to determine 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water samples.
abstract: A fast, simple, economical, and environmentally friendly magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure has been developed to preconcentrate 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from water samples prior to determination by liquid chromatography-UV-Vis employing graphene oxide/Fe3O4nanocomposite as sorbent. The nanocomposite synthesis was investigated, and the MSPE was optimized by a multivariate approach. The optimum MSPE conditions were 40 mg of nanocomposite, 10 min of vortex extraction, 1 mL of acetonitrile as eluent, and 6 min of desorption in an ultrasonic bath. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method was evaluated to obtain a preconcentration factor of 153. The linearity of the method was studied from 1 to 100 μg L-1(N = 5), obtaining a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection were found to be 12% (n = 6, 10 μg L-1) and 0.3 μg L-1, respectively. The applicability of the method was investigated, analyzing three types of water samples (i.e., reservoir and drinking water and effluent wastewater) and recovery values ranged between 87 and 120% (50 μg L-1spiking level), showing that the matrix had a negligible effect upon extraction. Finally, the semiquantitative Eco-Scale metrics confirmed the greenness of the developed method.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa Dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain. lorena.vidal@ua.es.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain. a.canals@ua.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canals
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006108:Graphite; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D062065:Wastewater; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene; Graphene oxide/Fe3O4 nanocomposite; Liquid chromatography-UV-Vis; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Water samples