title: Characterization and application of endogenous phase-dependent promoters in Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: Bacillus subtilis as an important host has been widely used in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and production of industrial enzymes. To fully take advantage of this organism, 114 endogenous putative promoters were measured with a green fluorescent protein reporter and four classes of phase-dependent promoters (class I: exponential phase; class II: middle-log and early stationary phases; class III: lag-log and stationary phases; class IV: stationary phase) with different strengths were identified. The transcriptional strengths ranged from 0.03 to 2.03-fold of that of the commonly used strong promoter P43. On this basis, the temperature (for instance PbltD, PydaD, and PgerBC) and pH (such as PabrB, PydjO, and PopuE) inducible phase-dependent promoters were further identified and characterized. In comparison, PabrB(class I), PspoVG(class II), and PlytR(class III) achieved the highest expression levels of esterase, keratinase, and alkaline polygalacturonate lyase, respectively. The constructed phase-dependent promoter library should have great application potentials for enzyme production, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
authors.forename: Guocheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. jchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. jchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. zkang@jiangnan.edu.cn.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. zkang@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-3075
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004950:Esterases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D058615:Synthetic Biology; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004950:Esterases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C035855:keratinase
keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Microbial cell factory; Phase-dependent promoter; Synthetic biology