title: The heterogeneity of the left dorsal premotor cortex evidenced by multimodal connectivity-based parcellation and functional characterization.
abstract: Despite the common conception of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) as a single brain region, its diverse connectivity profiles and behavioral heterogeneity argue for a differentiated organization of the PMd. A previous study revealed that the right PMd is characterized by a rostro-caudal and a ventro-dorsal distinction dividing it into five subregions: rostral, central, caudal, ventral and dorsal. The present study assessed whether a similar organization is present in the left hemisphere, by capitalizing on a multimodal data-driven approach combining connectivity-based parcellation (CBP) based on meta-analytic modeling, resting-state functional connectivity, and probabilistic diffusion tractography. The resulting PMd modules were then characterized based on multimodal functional connectivity and a quantitative analysis of associated behavioral functions. Analyzing the clusters consistent across all modalities revealed an organization of the left PMd that mirrored its right counterpart to a large degree. Again, caudal, central and rostral modules reflected a cognitive-motor gradient and a premotor eye-field was found in the ventral part of the left PMd. In addition, a distinct module linked to abstract cognitive functions was observed in the rostro-ventral left PMd across all CBP modalities, implying greater differentiation of higher cognitive functions for the left than the right PMd.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: s.genon@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genon
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Intelligence, Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Lingzhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Veronika I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Edna C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cieslik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffstaedter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grefkes
authors.affiliation: Neuroinformatics and Brain Connectivity Lab, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Angela R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Tianzi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amunts
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Eickhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Precentral gyrus; eye-field; fMRI; meta-analytic connectivity modeling; probabilistic diffusion tractography