title: Validation of the psychometric properties of cognitive fusion questionnaire. A study of the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the measure among osteoarticular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depressive disorder, and general populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the extent to which individuals are psychologically entangled with, and dominated by the form-content of their thoughts. The aim of this study was to replicate the factor structure of CFQ in osteoarticular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depressive disorder, and normative population. It further examined the factorial invariance of the CFQ across these 5 groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 299 participants (NGeneral Population= 67, NOsteoarticular Disease= 73, NDiabetes Mellitus= 47, NDepressive Disorder= 45, and NObesity= 60) were subjected to confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) to replicate the structural model of CFQ dimensionality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFA supported a 1-factor structure with good internal consistency and construct related validity. The 1-factor solution was also supported by a second independent data set, which showed a configural, strict measurement, and structural invariance of the 1-factor solution proposed. Multigroup CFA showed the configural invariance, strict measurement invariance, and structural invariance of CFQ across the 5 groups under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unidimensional model has both similar meanings and the same structure, but the measurement model across the groups was not the same. The study provides the first approach to CFQ to Portuguese population, as a reliable tool of general cognitive fusion. Furthermore, results indicated that CFQ has a coherent structure across multiple samples and clinical utility, as it discriminate individuals with psychological distress from those who do not.
authors.affiliation: Coimbra University, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana Alexandra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-936X
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: ISPA-IU Unidade de Investigação em Psicologia e Saúde (UIPES), Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-5378
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marôco
authors.affiliation: University of Coimbra CINEICC, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-8367
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto-Gouveia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: clinical and nonclinical samples; cognitive fusion questionnaire; confirmatory factor analysis; factorial invariance