title: The Drosophila speciation factor HMR localizes to genomic insulator sites.
abstract: Hybrid incompatibility between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans is caused by a lethal interaction of the proteins encoded by the Hmr and Lhr genes. In D. melanogaster the loss of HMR results in mitotic defects, an increase in transcription of transposable elements and a deregulation of heterochromatic genes. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate HMR's function, we measured genome-wide localization of HMR in D. melanogaster tissue culture cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Interestingly, we find HMR localizing to genomic insulator sites that can be classified into two groups. One group belongs to gypsy insulators and another one borders HP1a bound regions at active genes. The transcription of the latter group genes is strongly affected in larvae and ovaries of Hmr mutant flies. Our data suggest a novel link between HMR and insulator proteins, a finding that implicates a potential role for genome organization in the formation of species.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center, Histone Modifications Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.|Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas Andreas
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gerland
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center, Histone Modifications Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center, Histone Modifications Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.|Biomedical Center, Core Facility Computational Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smialowski
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center, Histone Modifications Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukacs
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center, Histone Modifications Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.|Biomedical Center, Core Facility Bioimaging, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas Walter
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thomae
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center, Histone Modifications Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.|Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-8249
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D049750:Genome, Insect; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C495958:Hmr protein, Drosophila; C515258:Lhr protein, Drosophila