title: An exploratory study for bladder dysfunction in atypical antipsychotic-emergent urinary incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is an exploratory study, which aimed to analyze urodynamic findings in patients who are on atypical antipsychotics and present with urinary incontinence (UI) in order to understand the mechanisms of antipsychotic-emergent UI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (34 ± 7.6 years; five males and three females) diagnosed with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, who were on risperidone, olanzapine, or clozapine monotherapy and having UI were recruited. Urodynamic study was performed in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of eight (75%) patients had abnormal urodynamic findings. Three of them had detrusor overactivity (DO) without detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD); two had DO with DSD; and one had hypoactive detrusor with nonrelaxing sphincter during void phase. The common urinary symptoms were urgency, enuresis, and straining to void urine. Significant postvoid residual urine was found in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence of bladder dysfunction in atypical antipsychotic-emergent UI is similar to that present in patients with neurological disorders. Urinary complaints in patients on antipsychotics thus need to be evaluated and managed systematically using the protocol followed for neurological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: V Senthil Kumar
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Reddi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Chittaranjan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrade
keywords: Adverse effects; atypical antipsychotics; bladder dysfunction; urinary incontinence; urodynamic study