title: Epigenetic and risk factors of testicular germ cell tumors: a brief review.
abstract: Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCT) is the most common malignancy among young adult males, which has become important due to its increased incidence and mortality in the population worldwide. The etiology is multifactorial. Recent studies have shown some associations between the development of isolated TGCT and certain risk factors, such as exposure to endocrine disruptors, cryptorchidism, and family history of cancer, in order to identify the key pieces in carcinogenesis. Some of the most important findings in recent years is the association of different genes, such asc-KIT/KITLG, expression of the miR-371-373 cluster and protein expression as c-KIT andPOU5F1in the development of this neoplasia, and the identification of new molecular markers asTGFBR3gene, identifying aberrant methylation patterns in promoter regions of several genes, expression of miR-1297 which regulatesPTENand protein expression as DMTR1. In the future, a multidisciplinary research strategy could provide valuable new insights into the etiology of TGCTs, which support clinical diagnosis of TGCT in the next years to increase survival in this kind of patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel Adrian
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Landero-Huerta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vigueras-Villasenor
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Emiy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yokoyama-Rebollar
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous Metropolitan University Cuajimalpa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arechaga-Ocampo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rojas-Castaneda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Trejo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico, mdoloreschs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chavez-Saldana
mesh_terms: D000072956:Adult Germline Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications; D004777:Environment; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040901:Proteomics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism