title: Physical activity prevents alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and glucometabolic parameters in a high-sugar diet model.
abstract: Endurance exercise is a remarkable intervention for the treatment of many diseases. Mitochondrial changes on skeletal muscle are likely important for many of the benefits provided by exercise. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects that a regular physical activity (swimming without workload) has on mitochondrial morphological alterations and glucometabolic parameters induced by a high-sugar diet (HSD). Weaned male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet or a HSD (68% carbohydrate) were subjected to 60 minutes of regular physical activity by swimming (without workload) for four- (20 sessions) or eight-week (40 sessions) periods. After training, animals were euthanized and the sera, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles were collected for further analysis. The HSD increased body weight after an 8-week period; it also increased the fat pads and the adipose index, resulting in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure in the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and an increase in protein carbonylation. Regular physical activity partially reverted these alterations in rats fed a HSD, preventing mitochondrial morphological alterations and IR. Moreover, we observed a decrease in Pgc1α expression (qPCR analysis) in STD-EXE group and a less pronounced reduction in HSD-EXE group after an 8-week period. Thus, regular physical activity (swimming without workload) in rats fed a HSD can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and IR, highlighting the crucial role for physical activity on metabolic homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-435X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barbosa de Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Kinulpe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honorato-Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Metabólica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Joamyr Victor
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Rossoni Júnior
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andrade Leal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Angélica Barbosa G
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Centro de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lenice
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappes-Becker
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Elisio Alberto
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerra-Sá
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D000070601:Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C501429:Ppargc1a protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D005947:Glucose