title: Epidemiology, environmental risk factors and genetics of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent neurodegenerative disease with a premotor phase that lasts several years. Risk factors that have been linked to PD are tobacco, caffeine, black tea, pesticides and calcium channel blockers. Some risk factors may be due to inverse causality (e.g. changes in personality during the premotor phase). The genetics of PD are complex with a contribution of Mendelian (e.g. SNCA, LRRK2, Parkin, Pink1,…) and non-Mendelian factors (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms). Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations (Gaucher disease) are currently the strongest genetic risk factor for PD. Studying risk factors will help to better understand the pathogenesis of PD.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Pellegrin, service de neurologie, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delamarre
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Pellegrin, service de neurologie, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Pellegrin, centre de référence maladie rare AMS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, 33000 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: wassilios.meissner@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Wassilios G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Meissner
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D002110:Caffeine; D015984:Causality; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D014527:Uric Acid; D002110:Caffeine