title: Racial and ethnic variations in one-year clinical and patient-reported outcomes following breast reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing studies evaluating racial and ethnic disparities focus on describing differences in procedure type and the proportion of women who undergo reconstruction following mastectomy. This study seeks to examine racial and ethnic variations in clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following breast reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium is an 11 center, prospective cohort study collecting clinical and PROs following autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction. Mixed-effects regression models, weighted to adjust for non-response, were performed to evaluate outcomes at one-year postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort included 2703 women who underwent breast reconstruction. In multivariable models, Hispanic or Latina patients were less likely to experience any complications and major complications. Black or African-American women reported greater improvements in psychosocial and sexual well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite differences in pertinent clinical and socioeconomic variables, racial and ethnic minorities experienced equivalent or better outcomes. These findings provide reassurance in the context of numerous racial and ethnic health disparities and build upon our understanding of the delivery of surgical care to women with or at risk for developing breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.affiliation: Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Adeyiza O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Momoh
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hamill
authors.affiliation: Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Hyungjin M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pusic
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: ewilkins@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Edwin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D044469:Racial Groups; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Breast cancer; Breast reconstruction; Outcomes research; Patient-reported outcomes; Public health; Socioeconomic factors