title: Accelerated biodegradation of silk sutures through matrix metalloproteinase activation by incorporating 4-hexylresorcinol.
abstract: Silk suture material is primarily composed of silk fibroin and regarded as a non-resorbable material. It is slowly degraded by proteolysis when it is implanted into the body. 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a well-known antiseptic. In this study, the biodegradability of 4HR-incorporated silk sutures were compared to that of untreated silk sutures and polyglactin 910 sutures, a commercially available resorbable suture. 4HR-incorporated silk sutures exhibited anti-microbial properties. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) can digest a wide spectrum of proteins. 4HR increased MMP-2, -3, and -9 expression in RAW264.7 cells. MMP-2, -3, and -9 were able to digest not only silk fibroin but also silk sutures. Consequently, 59.5% of the 4HR-incorporated silk suture material remained at 11 weeks after grafting, which was similar to that of polyglactin 910 degradation (56.4% remained). The residual amount of bare silk suture material at 11 weeks after grafting was 91.5%. The expression levels of MMP-2, -3 and -9 were high in the 4HR-incorporated silk suture-implanted site 12 weeks after implantation. In conclusion, 4HR-treated silk sutures exhibited anti-microbial properties and a similar level of bio-degradation to polyglactin 910 sutures and induced higher expression of MMP-2, -3, and -9 in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Rural Development Administration, Wanju-Gun 55365, South Korea.
authors.forename: You-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Rural Development Administration, Wanju-Gun 55365, South Korea.
authors.forename: HaeYong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Keun
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Gon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jwa-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Analysis Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, South Korea.
authors.forename: Weon-Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sam-Pyo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems &Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
authors.forename: Si Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842, Korea.
authors.forename: Je-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry; D006604:Hexylresorcinol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D059748:Proteolysis; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013537:Sutures; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D047011:Silk; D005349:Fibroins; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D006604:Hexylresorcinol