title: LRRK2 in peripheral and central nervous system innate immunity: its link to Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Mutations in theleucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2) gene are found in familial and idiopathic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), but are also associated with immune-related disorders, notably Crohn's disease and leprosy. Although the physiological function of LRRK2 protein remains largely elusive, increasing evidence suggests that it plays a role in innate immunity, a process that also has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. Innate immunity involves macrophages and microglia, in which endogenous LRRK2 expression is precisely regulated and expression is strongly up-regulated upon cell activation. This brief report discusses the current understanding of the involvement of LRRK2 in innate immunity particularly in relation to PD, critically examining its role in myeloid cells, particularly macrophages and microglia.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K. heyne.lee@path.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Heyne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cowley
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009154:Mutation / Q000276:immunology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2
keywords: Parkinson's disease; induced pluripotent stem cells; leucine-rich repeat kinase; macrophages; microglia; neuroinflammation