title: Spatial and temporal trends of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in sediments off the urbanized coastal zones in China and Japan: A comparison study.
abstract: To examine the impacts of urbanization and industrialization on the coastal environment, and assess the effectiveness of control measures on the contamination by chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in East Asia, surface and core sediments were sampled from the urbanized coastal zones in China and Japan (i.e., Pearl River Delta (PRD), Hong Kong waters and Tokyo Bay) and analyzed for short-chain (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs). Much higher concentrations of CPs were found in the industrialized PRD than in adjacent Hong Kong waters. Significant correlation between CP concentration and population density in the coastal district of Hong Kong was observed (r2= 0.72 for SCCPs and 0.55 for MCCPs, p < 0.05), highlighting the effect of urbanization. By contrast, a relatively lower pollution level of CPs was detected in Tokyo Bay. More long-chain groups within SCCPs in the PRD than in Hong Kong waters and Tokyo Bay implied the effect of industrialization. Comparison of temporal trends between Hong Kong outer harbor with Tokyo Bay shows the striking difference in historical deposition of CPs under different regulatory situations in China and Japan. For the first time, the declining CP concentrations in Tokyo Bay, Japan, attest to the effectiveness of emissions controls.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Lixi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: jameslam@eduhk.hk.
authors.forename: James C W
authors.initials: JCW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China.
authors.forename: Weifang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kenneth M Y
authors.initials: KMY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: bhpksl@cityu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Paul K S
authors.initials: PKS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D010232:Paraffin / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D014507:Urbanization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010232:Paraffin
keywords: Hong Kong waters; Medium chain chlorinated paraffins; Short chain chlorinated paraffins; Spatiotemporal trends; Tokyo Bay