title: Low Iodine in the Follicular Lumen Caused by Cytoplasm Mis-localization of Sodium Iodide Symporter may Induce Nodular Goiter.
abstract: Iodine is a key ingredient in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and also a major factor in the regulation of thyroid function. A local reduction of iodine content in follicular lumen leads to overexpression of local thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHr), which in turn excessively stimulates the regional thyroid tissue, and result in the formation of nodular goiter. In this study, we investigated the relationship between iodine content and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression by using the clinical specimens from patients with nodular goiter and explored the pathogenesis triggered by iodine deficiency in nodular goiter. In total, 28 patients were clinically histopathologically confirmed to have nodular goiter and the corresponding adjacent normal thyroid specimens were harvested simultaneously. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to assay NIS expression and localization in thyrocytes of both nodular goiter and adjacent normal thyroid tissues. NIS expression mediated by iodine in follicular lumen was confirmed by follicular model in vitro. Meanwhile, radioscan with iodine-131were conducted on both nodular goiter and adjacent normal thyroid. Our data showed that NIS expression in nodular goiter was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with low iodine in the follicular lumen. Abnormal localization of NIS and lower amount of radioactive iodine-131 were also found in nodular goiter. Our data implied that low iodine in the follicular lumen caused by cytoplasm mis-localization of NIS may induce nodular goiter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China. huibinhuang@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Huibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yaxiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiyao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000172:deficiency; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072637:Thyroid Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
keywords: Iodine; NIS; Nodular goiter; TSHr