title: Absolute Quantification of Uric Acid in Human Urine Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering with the Standard Addition Method.
abstract: High levels of uric acid in urine and serum can be indicative of hypertension and the pregnancy related condition, preeclampsia. We have developed a simple, cost-effective, portable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) approach for the routine analysis of uric acid at clinically relevant levels in urine patient samples. This approach, combined with the standard addition method (SAM), allows for the absolute quantification of uric acid directly in a complex matrix such as that from human urine. Results are highly comparable and in very good agreement with HPLC results, with an average <9% difference in predictions between the two analytical approaches across all samples analyzed, with SERS demonstrating a 60-fold reduction in acquisition time compared with HPLC. For the first time, clinical prepreeclampsia patient samples have been used for quantitative uric acid detection using a simple, rapid colloidal SERS approach without the need for complex data analysis.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Westley
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Clinical Sciences Research Centre, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thilaganathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carnell
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8708-0781
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Royston
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2230-645X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goodacre
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D019811:Hydroxylamine / Q000737:chemistry; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000592:standards / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D012834:Silver