title: Magnetic/non-magnetic argan press cake nanocellulose for the selective extraction of sudan dyes in food samples prior to the determination by capillary liquid chromatograpy.
abstract: Two methods for the determination of Sudan dyes (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III and Sudan IV) in food samples, by solid phase extraction - capillary liquid chromatography, are proposed. Both methods use nanocellulose (NC) extracted from bleached argan press cake (APC), as a nano-adsorbent recycled from an agricultural waste material. One of the methods involves the dispersion of NC in food sample extracts, along with the waste and eluents being separated by centrifugation. In the other method, NC was modified by magnetic iron nanoparticles before using it in the extraction of Sudan dyes. The use of a magnetic component in the extraction process allows magnetic separation to replace the centrifugation step in a convenient and economical way. The two proposed methods allows the determination of Sudan dye amounts at the 0.25-2.00µgL-1concentration range. The limit of detections, limit of quantifications and standard deviations achieved were lower than 0.1µgL-1, 0.20µgL-1and 3.46% respectively, when using NC as a nano-adsorbent, and lower than 0.07µgL-1,0.23µgL-1and 2.62%, respectively, with the magnetic nanocellulose (MNC) was used. Both methods were applied to the determination of Sudan dyes in barbeque and ketchup sauce samples, obtaining recoveries between 93.4% and 109.6%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, Université Ibn Zohr,POZohr,PO Box 1136, 80000 Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: Yassine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benmassaoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Villaseñor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, Université Ibn Zohr,POZohr,PO Box 1136, 80000 Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
authors.forename: Shehdeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jodeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry. Faculty of Science, University of Málaga., 29007 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Algarra
authors.affiliation: Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; Castilla-La Mancha Science and Technology Park., 20006 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zougagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: angel.rios@uclm.es.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Ríos
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D059346:Magnets / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; C555574:argan oil; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Argan press cake; Capillary liquid chromatography; Food samples; Magnetic solid phase extraction; Nanocellulose; Sudan dyes