title: Cancelled Primary Care Appointments: A Prospective Cohort Study of Diabetic Patients.
abstract: Patients scheduled for primary care appointments often cancel or no show. For diabetic patients, nonattendance can affect continuity of care and result in higher emergency department (ED) and hospital use. Nonattendance also impacts appointment scheduling, patient access, and clinic work load. While no show has received significant attention, little research has addressed the prevalence and impact of appointment cancellation. Data on 46,710 appointments for 7586 adult diabetic patients was used to conduct a prospective cohort study examining primary care appointment behavior. The independent variable was the status of the INDEX appointment, which was attended, cancelled, or no showed. Dependent variables included the dates of (1) the last attended appointment, (2) scheduling the NEXT appointment, (3) the next attended follow-up appointment, and (4) ED visits and hospitalizations within six months of the INDEX. Cancellation was more prevalent than no show (17.7% vs 12.2%). Of those who cancelled and scheduled a next appointment, 28.8% experienced over 30 days delay between the INDEX and NEXT appointment dates, and 59.9% delayed rescheduling until on or after the cancelled appointment date. Delay in rescheduling was associated with an 18.6% increase in days between attended appointments and a 26.0% increase in ED visits. For diabetic patients, cancellation with late rescheduling is a prevalent and unhealthy behavior. Although more work is necessary to address the health, intervention, and cost issues, this work suggests that cancellation, like no show, may be problematic for many clinics and patients.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. sara@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-5295
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McComb
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Zhiyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.affiliation: Fire Department of the City of New York, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ayten
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turkcan
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Lingsong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Shree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawley
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Cancelled appointments; Diabetes; No-show; Outcomes; Primary care