title: Feeble Antipyretic, Analgesic, and Anti-inflammatory Activities were Found with Regular Dose 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-Methylvisamminol, One of the Conventional Marker Compounds for Quality Evaluation of Radix Saposhnikoviae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GML) is a conventional marker compound for quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Despite that, neither pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic information is available with regard to GML. As such, the aim of thisstudy was to assess the conventional evaluation indices for the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pyretic animal model, hot plate test, and ear edema model were established to evaluate and compare the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect of the chromone derivativescimifugin, prime-O-glucosylcimifugin (PGCN), and GML in Radix Saposhnikoviae. High performance liquid chromatography separation and analysis was used to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters. Simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was used to investigate the metabolite profiles of PGCN and GML in gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cimifugin exerted a marked dose-dependent antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect, whereas the effects of PGCN were relatively lower. GML had feeble pharmacodynamic effects. Pharmacokinetic study showed that only cimifugin was detected in the plasma sample of cimifugin and PGCN-treated animals, with drug concentration in the former much higher than the latter. No components were traced in the plasma samples from GML-treated rats. Stability study showed that PGCN and GML was predominantly biotransformed into cimifugin and 5-O-methyvisammiol, respectively. The latter was proven to be extremely unstable in liver tissue homogenate and plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities was observed when GML was orally delivered. Given that Radix Saposhnikoviae extract is generally administered orally, we speculate that this compound might be a nonpharmacolagically active agent in real usage. Thus, it might be unscientific to evaluate the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae based on the content of GML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GML-derived cimifugin, which represents the potential pharma codynamic component of Radix Saposhnikoviae chromones, in plasma was almost nil in contrast to cimifugin and PGCN. And thus, feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities were found with GML.Abbreviations used:AUC:area under concentration-time curve, DNP:2,4-Dinitrophenol, HPLC:high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC-MS:high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrography, GML:4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, MVL:5-O-methyvisammiol, PGCN:prime-O-glucosylcimifugin, SGF:alkaline phosphatase. SIF:simulated intestinal fluid.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Cai
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Meng
keywords: 4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol; Radix Saposhnikoviae; chromone; pharmacokinetics; pharmacological activity