title: Amoebic gill disease outbreak in marine fish cultured in Korea.
abstract: In 2015, 6.7-60% mortality was observed in black seabream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii), rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus), and gray mullet ( Mugil cephalus) farmed in the southern coast of Korea. On examination, numerous amoebae were found on the gills of these 3 fish species with detection rate of 100%. Some rock bream and gray mullet were coinfected with bacteria ( Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Vibrio tapetis, or Vibrio anguillarum). Histologic examination revealed extensive hyperplastic epithelium and lamellar fusion in the gills. Numerous amoebae were seen between gill filaments. The amoebae collected from the 3 fish species had specific 630 bp of a partial 18S rRNA gene fragment for Neoparamoeba perurans. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 18S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences revealed that these Korean amoeba isolates belonged to the N. perurans group. Based on our results, black seabream, rock bream, and gray mullet were added as new hosts for N. perurans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (W-S Kim, Kong, J-O Kim, Jung).|Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (J-H Kim).
authors.forename: Wi-Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (W-S Kim, Kong, J-O Kim, Jung).|Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (J-H Kim).
authors.forename: Kyoung-Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (W-S Kim, Kong, J-O Kim, Jung).|Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (J-H Kim).
authors.forename: Jong-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (W-S Kim, Kong, J-O Kim, Jung).|Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (J-H Kim).
authors.forename: Sung-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (W-S Kim, Kong, J-O Kim, Jung).|Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (J-H Kim).
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (W-S Kim, Kong, J-O Kim, Jung).|Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (J-H Kim).
authors.forename: Myung-Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000562:Amebiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000656:Amoeba / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005399:Fishes; D005880:Gills / Q000469:parasitology; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Amoebic gill disease; Neoparamoeba perurans; black seabream; gray mullet; rock bream