title: Grima: A Distinct Emotion Concept?
abstract: People experience an unpleasant sensation when hearing a scratch on a board or plate. The present research focuses on this aversive experience known in Spanish as 'grima' with no equivalent term in English and German. We hypothesized that this aversive experience constitutes a distinctive, separate emotional concept. In Study 1, we found that the affective meaning of 'grima' was closer todisgustthan to other emotion concepts. Thus, in Study 2 we explored the features ofgrimaand compared them withdisgust. Asgrimawas reported to be predominantly elicited by certain auditory stimuli and associated with a distinctive physiological pattern, Study 3 used direct measures of physiological arousal to test the assumption of a distinctive pattern of physiological responses elicited by auditory stimuli of grima and disgust, and found different effects on heart rate but not on skin conductance. In Study 4, we hypothesized that only participants with an implementation intention geared toward down-regulating grima would be able to successfully weaken the grima- but not disgust- experience. Importantly, this effect was specific as it held true for the grima-eliciting sounds only, but did not affect disgust-related sounds. Finally, Study 5 found that English and German speakers lack a single accessible linguistic label for the pattern of aversive reactions termed by Spanish speaking individuals as 'grima', whereas the elicitors of other emotions were accessible and accurately identified by German, English, as well as Spanish speakers.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schweiger Gallo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José-Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Dols
authors.affiliation: Motivation Lab, Psychology Department, New York UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Social Psychology and Motivation, Department of Psychology, University of KonstanzKonstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gollwitzer
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keil
keywords: asco; aversion; disgust; grima; implementation intentions