title: Novel Biomarkers of Heart Failure.
abstract: Although substantial improvements have been made in majority of cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) remains a major health problem, with both increasing incidence and prevalence over the past decades. For that reason, the number of potential biomarkers that could contribute to diagnosis and treatment of HF patients is, almost exponentially, increasing over the recent years. The biomarkers that are, at the moment, more or less ready for use in everyday clinical practice, reflect different pathophysiological processes present in HF. In this review, seven groups of biomarkers associated to myocardial stretch (mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide, MR-proANP), myocyte injury (high-sensitive troponins, hs-cTn; heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, H-FABP; glutathione transferase P1, GSTP1), matrix remodeling (galectin-3; soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity 2, sST2), inflammation (growth differentiation factor-15, GDF-15), renal dysfunction (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL; kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1), neurohumoral activation (adrenomedullin, MR-proADM; copeptin), and oxidative stress (ceruloplasmin; myeloperoxidase, MPO; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; thioredoxin 1, Trx1) in HF will be overviewed. It is important to note that clinical value of individual biomarkers within the single time points in both diagnosis and outcome prediction in HF is limited. Hence, the future of biomarker application in HF lies in the multimarker panel strategy, which would include specific combination of biomarkers that reflect different pathophysiological processes underlying HF.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savic-Radojevic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pljesa-Ercegovac
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simic
authors.affiliation: Medical Center "Bezanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radovanovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: tatjanasimic@med.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simic
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers of inflammation; Biomarkers of matrix remodeling; Biomarkers of myocardial stretch; Biomarkers of myocyte injury; Biomarkers of neurohumoral activation; Biomarkers of oxidative stress; Biomarkers of renal dysfunction; Heart failure