title: Molecular and morphological surface analysis: effect of filling pastes and cleaning agents on root dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of different filling pastes and cleaning agents on the root dentin of primary teeth using Fourier-transformed Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (µ-EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty roots of primary teeth were endodontically prepared and distributed into 4 groups and filled according to the following filling pastes: Control-no filling (CP), Calen®+zinc oxide (CZ), Calcipex II® (CII), Vitapex® (V). After seven days, filling paste groups were distributed to 4 subgroups according to cleaning agents (n=5): Control-no cleaning (C), Ethanol (E), Tergenform® (T), 35% Phosphoric acid (PA). Then, the roots were sectioned and the dentin root sections were internally evaluated by FT-Raman, µ-EDXRF and SEM. Data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding filling pastes, there was no significant difference in organic content. CP provided the lowest calcium values and, calcium/phosphoric ratio (Ca/P), and the highest phosphoric values. For cleaning agents there was no difference in organic content when compared to the C; however, T showed significantly higher calcium and Ca/P than PA. All groups showed similar results for phosphorus. The dentin smear layer was present after use of the cleaning agents, except PA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The filling pastes changed the inorganic content, however they did not change the organic content. Cleaning agents did not alter the inorganic and organic content. PA cleaned and opened dentin tubules.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Benetello
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Dainezi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alexsandra Shizue
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Departamento de Física , CCN Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
authors.forename: Airton Abrahão
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Univap, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Odontologia, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luís Eduardo Silva
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Miori
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pascon
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Regina Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Puppin-Rontani
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000187:drug effects; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012828:Silicones; C541436:calcipex II; C029584:calcium hydroxide, iodoform, silicone oil drug combination; C420643:calen; D000431:Ethanol; C030242:phosphoric acid; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide