title: Iron-restricted pair-feeding affects renal damage in rats with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that dietary iron restriction prevents the development of renal damage in a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, iron deficiency is associated with appetite loss. In addition, calorie restriction is reported to prevent the development of end-stage renal pathology in CKD rats. Thus, the beneficial effect of iron restriction on renal damage may depend on calorie restriction. Here, we investigate the effect of pair-feeding iron restriction on renal damage in a rat model of CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, to determine the amount of food intake, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly given an ad libitum normal diet or an iron-restricted diet, and the food intake was measured. Second, CKD was induced by a 5/6 nephrectomy in SD rats, and CKD rats were given either a pair-feeding normal or iron-restricted diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food intake was reduced in the iron-restricted diet group compared to the normal diet group of SD rats for 16 weeks (mean food intake; normal diet group and iron-restricted diet group: 25 and 20 g/day, respectively). Based on the initial experiments, CKD rats received either a pair-feeding normal or iron-restricted diet (20 g/day) for 16 weeks. Importantly, pair-feeding iron restriction prevented the development of proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial damage in CKD rats. Interestingly, pair-feeding iron restriction attenuated renal expression of nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor in CKD rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pair-feeding iron restriction affected renal damage in a rat model of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senchi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oboshi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horimatsu
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasumura
authors.affiliation: Division of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid