title: Prognostic role of N-cadherin expression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: To assess the role of N-cadherin as a prognostic biomarker in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with transurethral resection with or without adjuvant intravesical therapy.
  
  
  
  Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal mouse antibody was used to evaluate the expression status of N-cadherin in 827 patients with NMIBC. N-cadherin was considered positive if any immunoreactivity with membranous staining was detected. Multivariable Cox regression models were performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of N-cadherin on survival outcomes.
  
  
  
  N-cadherin expression was observed in 333 patients (40.3%); it was associated with pT1 stage and high tumor grade (both were P<0.001). Median follow-up was 55 months (interquartile range: 18-106). On multivariable Cox regression analyses that adjusted for the effect of the standard clinicopathologic features, N-cadherin expression remained associated with recurrence-free survival (P = 0.007) but not progression-free survival (P = 0.3), cancer-specific survival (P = 0.2), or overall survival (P = 0.9). Adding N-cadherin to a model for prediction of disease recurrence modestly improved its discrimination from 72.8% to 73.4%.
  
  
  
  N-cadherin is expressed in approximately 2/5 patients with NMIBC. Its expression is associated with adverse pathological features and higher risk of disease recurrence but not progression. N-cadherin could be incorporated in predictive tools to assist in recurrence prediction helping thereby in patient selection regarding adjuvant therapies and follow-up planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abufaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haitel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschini
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chłosta
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gust
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Hospital Motol, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babjuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach, Mistelbach, Austria. Electronic address: walter.albrecht@mistelbach.lknoe.at.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins
keywords: N-cadherin; Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer; Prediction; Prognosis; Progression; Recurrence; Survival; Transurethral resection; Urothelial tumor