title: Antimicrobial effects ofFerula gummosaBoiss gum against extended-spectrum β-lactamase producingAcinetobacterclinical isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acinetobacterspp. are important causes of nosocomial infections. They possess various antibiotic resistance mechanisms including extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile ofAcinetobacterclinical isolates especially among ESBL-producing strains and to investigate the antimicrobial effects of oleo-gum-resin extract and essential oil ofFerula gummosaBoiss.
  
  
  METHODS
  120Acinetobacterstrains were isolated from various clinical samples of hospitalized patients in Baqiyatallah hospital, Tehran during 2011-2012. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on the isolates using disk diffusion method. To detect and confirm the ESBL-positive isolates, phenotypic and genotypic tests were performed. Three types ofF. gummosaoleo-gum-resin extracts and essential oils were prepared and the bioactive components ofF. gummosaBoiss extracts were determined by GC-Mass chromatography.F. gummosaantimicrobial activity was evaluated against standard strain ofAcinetobacter baumannii(ATCC19606) as well asAcinetobacterclinical isolates using well and disk diffusion methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  46 isolates were resistant to all tested antibiotics. All clinical isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. 12.94% of the isolates were phenotypically ESBL-producing among which 94.2% carried ESBL genes (blaPER-1,blaOXA-4andblaCTX-M) detected by PCR. Oleo-gum-resin ofF. gummosahad significant antibacterial activity and alcoholic essential oil had higher inhibitory effect onAcinetobacterstrains (MIC of 18.75 mg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ferula gummosaextract contained components with well-known antimicrobial effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Farid
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saffarian
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sattarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Food Control and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas Ali Imani
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fooladi
keywords: Acinetobacter spp.; Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial activity; ESBLs; Ferula gummosa boiss