title: Activity budget and social interactions in semi-captive gray woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha cana) living in an ex situ conservation area in Central Amazonia.
abstract: Areas holding primates in semi-captivity conditions represent an excellent opportunity for collecting data on rare, little known, and endangered taxa, contributing with insightful information to help in their conservation. Here, we present information on the activity budget and social interactions of the elusive gray woolly monkeys, Lagothrix lagotricha cana, in an ex situ conservation area in central Amazonia. We studied the behavior of 18 semi-captive individuals through instantaneous scan and focal animal samplings during 4 months in the wet season. The most frequent activity registered was resting (45%). The remaining time was dedicated to foraging (29%), travelling (23%), social interactions (3%), and self-grooming (1%). Resting and travelling time may be correlated to fruit availability in the area through different seasons. Huddling was the most frequent social interaction, being more common from young individuals toward adult females, which may be associated with breastfeeding. Playing was more common among young males. This activity prepares them to defend themselves from possible attacks and allows them to develop their role in the social group, as future adult males. Aggression was most frequent among adults, primarily from males toward females, likely to demonstrate their dominance over females. Social grooming occurred predominantly from mother to offspring. This interaction can reduce the risk of young predation, directly increasing the female reproductive success. Our data not only add to our understanding of the sociality and behaviors of the genus Lagothrix, but may also serve as a tool to identify environments that support an adequate activity budget for these monkeys. Zoo Biol. 36:21-29, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cartagena-Matos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gasnier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cravo-Mota
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martins Bezerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053819:Atelinae / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001938:Brazil; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: Atelidae; behavior; neotropics; semi-captivity