title: Expression of polysialic acid in primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression of polySia is associated with metastatic dissemination and progression of various malignant diseases. In particular, it may contribute to tumorigenesis by a negative modulatory effect on cellular signaling cascades responsible for cellular migration, differentiation and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the expression of polySia in primary metastatic and non-metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tumor tissues and its potential impact on the LSCC progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of polySia in metastatic and non-metastatic primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tumor biopsy specimens was investigated by immunohistochemistry, while the expression of polysialyltransferase IV (ST8SiaIV)(), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk 1/2) and c-Raf was tested in metastatic and non-metastatic primary tumor tissues (including the corresponding non-tumor control tissues) by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of polySia was detected in LSCC biopsies specimens with generally stronger immunoreactivity in non-metastatic tumor LSCC sections and in histologically undifferentiated tumors. Also, increased polySia expression was observed in adjacent histologically unaltered laryngeal tumor-associated tissue of the metastatic sections. In addition, we provide an evidence of increased polysialyltransferase IV (ST8SiaIV) expression, involved in polySia synthesis in both metastatic and non-metastatic primary tumors which is accompanied by decreased levels of FGFR1, Erk 1/2 and c-Raf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present for the first time the evidence for the polySia expression in LSCC biopsies specimens which suggests its potential impact on initial steps of LSCC malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klobučar
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Visentin
authors.affiliation: University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Antonija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakovčević
authors.affiliation: University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilić
authors.affiliation: University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kovač-Bilić
authors.affiliation: University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Medical School Osijek, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital "Dr. J. Bencevic", 35 000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia.
authors.forename: Davorin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Đanić
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Krešimir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelić
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. Electronic address: sandrakp@biotech.uniri.hr.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraljević Pavelić
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012799:Sialyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012794:Sialic Acids; C021319:polysialic acid; D012799:Sialyltransferases; C515117:ST8SIA4 protein, human
keywords: FGFR-MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling; Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; Metastases; Polysialic acid; Polysialyltransferase