title: Iron Supplementation Effects on Redox Status following Aseptic Skeletal Muscle Trauma in Adults and Children.
abstract: Exercise-induced skeletal muscle microtrauma is characterized by loss of muscle cell integrity, marked aseptic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. We examined if iron supplementation would alter redox status after eccentric exercise. In a randomized, double blind crossover study, that was conducted in two cycles, healthy adults (n= 14) and children (n= 11) received daily either 37 mg of elemental iron or placebo for 3 weeks prior to and up to 72 h after an acute eccentric exercise bout. Blood was drawn at baseline, before exercise, and 72 h after exercise for the assessment of iron status, creatine kinase activity (CK), and redox status. Iron supplementation at rest increased iron concentration and transferrin saturation (p< 0.01). In adults, CK activity increased at 72 h after exercise, while no changes occurred in children. Iron supplementation increased TBARS at 72 h after exercise in both adults and children; no changes occurred under placebo condition. Eccentric exercise decreased bilirubin concentration at 72 h in all groups. Iron supplementation can alter redox responses after muscle-damaging exercise in both adults and children. This could be of great importance not only for healthy exercising individuals, but also in clinical conditions which are characterized by skeletal muscle injury and inflammation, yet iron supplementation is crucial for maintaining iron homeostasis. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02374619.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Chariklia K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5762-8419
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Deli
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8475-8411
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fatouros
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9469-0457
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paschalis
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsiokanos
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Georgakouli
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalavras
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avloniti
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Sports, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koutedakis
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), Trikala, Greece; Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios Z
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5115-9490
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Jamurtas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007501:Iron