title: Longitudinal Patterns and Predictors of Depression Trajectories Related to the 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.
abstract: To examine the longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories before, during, and after Hong Kong's 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement.
  
  
  
  In a prospective study, between March 2009 and November 2015, we interviewed 1170 adults randomly sampled from the population-representative FAMILY Cohort. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms and probable major depression. We investigated pre-event and time-varying predictors of depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  We identified 4 trajectories: resistant (22.6% of sample), resilient (37.0%), mild depressive symptoms (32.5%), and persistent moderate depression (8.0%). Baseline predictors that appeared to protect against persistent moderate depression included higher household income (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.56), greater psychological resilience (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.82), more family harmony (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83), higher family support (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92), better self-rated health (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.49), and fewer depressive symptoms (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.81).
  
  
  
  Depression trajectories after a major protest are comparable to those after major population events. Health care professionals should be aware of the mental health consequences during and after social movements, particularly among individuals lacking social support.
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Tom K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Brandford H Y
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kasisomayajula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viswanath
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Catherine Mary
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schooling
authors.affiliation: Michael Yuxuan Ni, Tom Kung Li, Herbert Hei Pang, Brandford Ho Chan, Catherine Mary Schooling, and Gabriel Matthew Leung are with the School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Ichiro Kawachi and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Gabriel Matthew
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D058992:Social Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D012940:Social Problems / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires