title: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of a miniaturized dissolution system.
abstract: Dissolution testing is an important tool that has applications ranging from fundamental studies of drug-release mechanisms to quality control of the final product. The rate of release of the drug from the delivery system is known to be affected by hydrodynamics. In this study we used computational fluid dynamics to simulate and investigate the hydrodynamics in a novel miniaturized dissolution method for parenteral formulations. The dissolution method is based on a rotating disc system and uses a rotating sample reservoir which is separated from the remaining dissolution medium by a nylon screen. Sample reservoirs of two sizes were investigated (SR6 and SR8) and the hydrodynamic studies were performed at rotation rates of 100, 200 and 400rpm. The overall fluid flow was similar for all investigated cases, with a lateral upward spiraling motion and central downward motion in the form of a vortex to and through the screen. The simulations indicated that the exchange of dissolution medium between the sample reservoir and the remaining release medium was rapid for typical screens, for which almost complete mixing would be expected to occur within less than one minute at 400rpm. The local hydrodynamic conditions in the sample reservoirs depended on their size; SR8 appeared to be relatively more affected than SR6 by the resistance to liquid flow resulting from the screen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: goran.frenning@farmaci.uu.se.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frenning
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahnfelt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lennernäs
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Computational fluid dynamics; Drug-release mechanisms; Miniaturized dissolution testing