title: High-Throughput Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of Transparent Conducting Aluminum and Gallium Co-doped Zinc Oxides.
abstract: High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis was used to generate a library of aluminum and gallium-codoped zinc oxide nanoparticles of specific atomic ratios. Resistivities of the materials were determined by Hall Effect measurements on heat-treated pressed discs and the results collated into a conductivity-composition map. Optimal resistivities of ∼9 × 10-3Ω cm were reproducibly achieved for several samples, for example, codoped ZnO with 2 at% Ga and 1 at% Al. The optimum sample on balance of performance and cost was deemed to be ZnO codoped with 3 at% Al and 1 at% Ga.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dougal P
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1532-9215
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCafferty
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Claire J
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1788-6971
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Carmalt
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ivan P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jawwad A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7950-8602
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Darr
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005708:Gallium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008027:Light; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005708:Gallium; D000535:Aluminum; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: conducting; continuous; doped zinc oxides; high-throughput; hydrothermal