title: Determination and prediction of the digestible and metabolisable energy content of barley for growing pigs based on chemical composition.
abstract: This experiment was conducted to define the sources of variation determining the energy content of barley and to develop a practical method to predict the digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME) content of individual barley samples. The 19 barley samples used in this study were diverse varieties grown in different regions. The feeding experiment used 57 barrows (initial body weight 31.5 ± 3.2 kg) and was conducted over two consecutive periods (n = 6 per treatment) using a completely randomised design. During each period, the pigs were placed in metabolic crates for a 5-d total collection of faeces and urine following a 10-d adaptation to the diets. Among the barley samples, on dry matter (DM) basis the levels of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein and starch ranged from 16.1% to 38.9%, 3.9% to 9.6%, 10.1% to 16.8% and 43.5% to 57.9%, respectively. The mean determined DE and ME contents amounted to 14.7 and 14.4 MJ/kg DM and varied among the samples by 1.85 MJ (13.6%) and 1.78 MJ (13.3%), respectively. The ADF fraction accounted for 73% and 76% of the total variation in the DE and ME content, respectively. It revealed that for prediction of the DE and ME contents in barley, equations had the best fit when the analysed contents of ADF, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were used for calculation (R2= 0.92). On the basis of the developed equations, the DE and ME contents of barley of different origin can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy when used as feed for growing pigs.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xiaokang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xiangshu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Piao
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011897:Random Allocation; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Barley; digestible energy; equations; metabolisable energy; nutrient content; pigs; prediction