title: Altered expression of CXCR3 and CCR6 and their ligands in HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients.
abstract: Recruitment of leukocytes by chemokines and chemokine receptors to CNS plays a crucial role in the induction of inflammatory response in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In the present study, chemokine and chemokine receptors involved in trafficking of lymphocytes to the CNS were measured in HAM/TSP patients, HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and healthy controls. The PVL, CCR6, and CXCR3 mRNA expression, and CXCL9 and CXCL10 protein levels were measured in all subjects. The PVL of HAM/TSP patients was higher than that of ACs (P = 0.02). CCR6 expression was higher in HAM/TSP patients and in ACs compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.005 and P = 0.04, respectively). A significant difference was observed in CCR6 expression when a combination of HAM/TSP patients and ACs were compared to the healthy individuals (P = 0.005). Furthermore, there was a significantly lower CXCR3 expression between HAM/TSP and control groups (P = 0.001), and between the ACs and healthy controls (P = 0.001). However, the increased CXCR3 expression in ACs compared to HAM/TSP patients was not significant. Furthermore, the CXCL10 protein levels in HAM/TSP patients was higher than in controls (P = 0.012), and CXCL9 protein levels was also higher in the HAM/TSP and ACs groups than in the controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, it seems that decreased expression of CXCR3 and higher expression of CCR6 were associated with HTLV-1 infection, what indicate that these alterations may favor virus dissemination but not disease manifestation.
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Houshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rafatpanah
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felegari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Azarpazhooh
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vakili
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Taraneh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rajaei
authors.affiliation: Viral Oncology Labs, Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hampson
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Golmahossein
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassanshahi
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerayli
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farajifard
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zamanian
authors.affiliation: Mashhad Blood Transfusion Centre, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: MollaHosseini
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Abdolrahim
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6814-5992
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rezaee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D054399:Receptors, CCR6 / Q000032:analysis*; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C106311:CCR6 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D020543:Proteome; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054399:Receptors, CCR6; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3
keywords: CCR6; CXCR3; HAM/TSP; HTLV-1