title: Thyroid gland in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: The risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as thyroid diseases increases with age. COPD is a common systemic disease associated with chronic inflammation. Many endocrinological disorders, including thyroid gland diseases are related to systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that patients with COPD are at higher risk of thyroid disorders. These associations are not well-studied and thyroid gland diseases are not included on the broadly acknowledged list of COPD comorbidities. They may seriously handicap quality of life of COPD patients. Unfortunately, the diagnosis may be difficult, as many signs are masked by the symptoms of the index disease. The comprehension of the correlation between thyroid gland disorders and COPD may contribute to better care of patients. In this review, we attempt to revise available literature describing existing links between COPD and thyroid diseases.
authors.affiliation: wojciech.piotrowski@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miłkowska-Dymanowska
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Białas
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laskowska
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Górski
authors.forename: Wojciech J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Piotrowski
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: COPD; comorbidity; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; thyroid gland