title: Pulsatile Tinnitus: Differential Diagnosis and Radiological Work-Up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identification of the underlying cause of pulsatile tinnitus is important for treatment decision making and for prognosis estimation. For this, an adequate diagnostic imaging strategy is crucial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CT and MRI can be useful, and in general, these modalities provide complementary diagnostic information. The scanning protocol can be optimized based on the estimated a priori chance for finding specific pathology, or the need to rule out more rare but clinical significant disease. In recent years, dynamic CTA, also referred to as 4D-CTA, has become available as a new technique that enables non-invasive evaluation of hemodynamics for the detection, classification, and follow-up of vascular malformations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The value of different diagnostic imaging modalities in the work-up of pulsatile tinnitus is discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, imaging findings of different diseases are presented, both for CT and MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P/O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjoert A H
authors.initials: SAH
authors.lastname: Pegge
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P/O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan C A
authors.initials: SCA
authors.lastname: Steens
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, P/O Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henricus P M
authors.initials: HPM
authors.lastname: Kunst
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P/O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederick J A
authors.initials: FJA
authors.lastname: Meijer
keywords: Angiography; MRI; Multi-detector CT; Pulsatile Tinnitus