title: Investigating the relationship between environmental factors and respiratory health outcomes in school children using the forced oscillation technique.
abstract: The environmental factors which may affect children's respiratory health are complex, and the influence and significance of factors such as traffic, industry and presence of vegetation is still being determined. We undertook a cross-sectional study of 360 school children aged 5-12 years who lived on the outskirts of a heavy industrial area in Western Australia to investigate the effect of a range of environmental factors on respiratory health using the forced oscillation technique (FOT), a non-invasive method that allows for the assessment of the resistive and reactive properties of the respiratory system. Based on home address, proximity calculations were used to estimate children's exposure to air pollution from traffic and industry and to characterise surrounding green space. Indoor factors were determined using a housing questionnaire. Of the outdoor measures, the length of major roads within a 50m buffer was associated with increased airway resistance (Rrs8). There were no associations between distance to industry and FOT measures. For the indoor environment the presence of wood heating and gas heating in the first year of life was associated with better lung function. The significance of both indoor and outdoor sources of air pollution and effect modifiers such as green space and heating require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. Electronic address: j.boeyen@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boeyen
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. Electronic address: a.callan@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Callan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. Electronic address: d.blake@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. Electronic address: a.wheeler@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Electronic address: peter.franklin@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Children's Lung Health Telethon Kids Institute, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science Curtin University, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth WA 6872 Australia. Electronic address: graham.hall@telethonkids.org.au.
authors.forename: Graham L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Qld 4101 Australia.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shackleton
authors.affiliation: Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Qld 4101 Australia. Electronic address: p.sly@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sly
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. Electronic address: a.hinwood@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinwood
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006361:Heating; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012882:Skin Tests; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Children; FOT; Green space; Industry; Respiratory health; Traffic