title: Phylogenetic Tree Analysis of the Cold-Hot Nature of Traditional Chinese Marine Medicine for Possible Anticancer Activity.
abstract: Traditional Chinese Marine Medicine (TCMM) represents one of the medicinal resources for research and development of novel anticancer drugs. In this study, to investigate the presence of anticancer activity (AA) displayed by cold or hot nature of TCMM, we analyzed the association relationship and the distribution regularity of TCMMs with different nature (613 TCMMs originated from 1,091 species of marine organisms) via association rules mining and phylogenetic tree analysis. The screened association rules were collected from three taxonomy groups: (1) Bacteria superkingdom, Phaeophyceae class, Fucales order, Sargassaceae family, andSargassumgenus; (2) Viridiplantae kingdom, Streptophyta phylum, Malpighiales class, and Rhizophoraceae family; (3) Holothuroidea class, Aspidochirotida order, andHolothuriagenus. Our analyses showed that TCMMs with closer taxonomic relationship were more likely to possess anticancer bioactivity. We found that the cluster pattern of marine organisms with reported AA tended to cluster with cold nature TCMMs. Moreover, TCMMs with salty-cold nature demonstrated properties for softening hard mass and removing stasis to treat cancers, and species within Metazoa or Viridiplantae kingdom of cold nature were more likely to contain AA properties. We propose that TCMMs from these marine groups may enable focused bioprospecting for discovery of novel anticancer drugs derived from marine bioresources.
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9399-4635
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China.
authors.forename: Xuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Xuebo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kah Keng
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7359-6202
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Jiaoyang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7061-1531
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Fengcong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
authors.forename: Changyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7105-4071
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang