title: Artificial urinary sphincter urethral erosions: Temporal patterns, management, and incidence of preventable erosions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is the mainstay of surgical treatment for male stress urinary incontinence. Although urethral erosions are a known complication, their temporal distribution and optimal management have not been well characterized. We seek to evaluate the timing, etiologies, and management of urethral erosions in primary AUS implantations.
  
  
  METHODS
  1802 male patients underwent AUS procedure at Mayo Clinic (Rochester) from 1983 to 2011, including 1082 primary placements. Of primary placements, 63 had a urethral erosion of their device requiring explanation and were included in our analysis. All cases of urethral erosion were confirmed at the time of explantation through cystoscopy and direct visualization. At our institution, explantation is typically performed without primary urethral repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 63 cases (5.8%) of urethral erosions of primary AUS devices during the study time frame. The median age at AUS implantation was 74 years (interquartile range [IQR] 68-77 years) and median time to explantation was 21 months (IQR 5-59 months). The temporal trend of AUS erosions demonstrates a peak in the 1styear, with a gradual tapering of cases thereafter, persisting beyond 10 years. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients with follow-up developed a urethral stricture. Overall, 32/63 patients (51%) underwent salvage AUS reimplantation at a median of 7.1 months (IQR 3.1-12.9 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urethral erosions tend to occur early (within 1-2 years), with gradual tapering over time. However, continued vigilance is needed after AUS placement to decrease late erosions. These data can be used for counseling and to help guide follow-up care of patients with AUS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Elliott