title: Oral health-related quality of life depending on oral health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depending on their oral health in comparison with healthy controls (HCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred three RA patients (55.5 years, female 58) were included. A healthy control group (HC n = 104; 56.7 years, female 68) was matched according to age, gender, and smoking habits. The OHRQoL was determined by Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-G14 questionnaire. Oral examination included dental findings (DMF-T), gingival inflammation (PBI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Based on CAL and/or PPD, periodontitis was categorized as healthy/mild, moderate, or severe.
  
  
  METHODS
  trend test (Cochran-Armitage) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (α = 5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For DMF-T (RA 17.6 ± 6.1, HC 16.0 ± 6.5) and PBI (RA 0.10 ± 0.18, HC 0.08 ± 0.18), no significant differences between both groups were found (p > 0.05). Approximately 65% of RA group and 79% of HC group showed moderate to severe periodontitis (p = 0.02); RA patients showed significantly higher BOP values (p < 0.01). OHRQoL was significantly worse in RA group compared to HC group (mean OHIP value RA = 7.3 ± 7.2, HC = 1.6 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). In the HC group, a significant effect of DMF-T, M-T, and PD on OHRQoL was detected (p < 0.01), whereas in the RA group, no influence was determined (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA patients showed a worse OHRQoL than HC patients, which was independent of dental and periodontal conditions. RA patients require a more intensive care in consideration of dental, medical, and psychological factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interdisciplinary collaboration between dentists and rheumatologists is necessary, whereby psychological factors should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, D 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mühlberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jatina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Rheumatology, Bad Wildungen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krohn-Grimberghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patschan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mausberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, D 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmalz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, D 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haak
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, D 04103, Leipzig, Germany. dirk.ziebolz@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziebolz
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Oral health; Oral health-related quality of life; Periodontitis; Rheumatoid arthritis