title: Rethinking the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Pantomime of Tool Use: Evidence from Alzheimer's Disease and Semantic Dementia.
abstract: Pantomiming the use of familiar tools is a central test in the assessment of apraxia. However, surprisingly, the nature of the underlying cognitive mechanisms remains an unresolved issue. The aim of this study is to shed a new light on this issue by exploring the role of functional, mechanical, and manipulation knowledge in patients with Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia and apraxia of tool use.
  
  
  
  We performed multiple regression analyses with the global performance and the nature of errors (i.e., production and conception) made during a pantomime of tool use task in patients and control participants as dependent variables and tasks investigating functional, mechanical, and manipulation knowledge as predictors.
  
  
  
  We found that mechanical problem solving, assessing mechanical knowledge, was a good predictor of the global performance of pantomime of tool use. We also found that occurrence of conception errors was robustly predicted by the task assessing functional knowledge whereas that of production errors was not explained by only one predictor.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that both functional and mechanical knowledge are important to pantomime the use of tools. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that mechanical knowledge plays a role in pantomime of tool use. Although impairment in pantomime of tool use tasks (i.e., apraxia) is widely explained by the disruption of manipulation knowledge, we propose that pantomime of tool use is a complex problem-solving task. (JINS, 2017, 23, 128-138).
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082),Université de Lyon,France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesourd
authors.affiliation: 3Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA4638),Université d'Angers,France.
authors.forename: Josselin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumard
authors.affiliation: 3Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA4638),Université d'Angers,France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jarry
authors.affiliation: 3Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA4638),Université d'Angers,France.
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Etcharry-Bouyx
authors.affiliation: 5Service de Neurologie,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire,Rennes,France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belliard
authors.affiliation: 7CMRR Grenoble Arc Alpin,Pôle de Psychiatrie et Neurologie,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble,France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moreaud
authors.affiliation: 2Service de Neuropsychologie,Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer,Bron,France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Croisile
authors.affiliation: 9Département de Neurologie,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers,France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chauviré
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082),Université de Lyon,France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granjon
authors.affiliation: 3Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA4638),Université d'Angers,France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082),Université de Lyon,France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Osiurak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D001072:Apraxias / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Apraxia; Functional knowledge; Manipulation knowledge; Mechanical knowledge; Pantomime of tool use; Semantic dementia