title: Emission factors for PM2.5, CO, CO2, NOx, SO2and particle size distributions from the combustion of wood species using a new controlled combustion chamber 3CE.
abstract: The objective of this research was to determine emission factors (EF) for particulate matter (PM2.5), combustion gases and particle size distribution generated by the combustion of Eucalyptus globulus (EG), Nothofagus obliqua (NO), both hardwoods, and Pinus radiata (PR), softwood, using a controlled combustion chamber (3CE). Additionally, the contribution of the different emissions stages associated with the combustion of these wood samples was also determined. Combustion experiments were performed using shaving size dried wood (0% humidity). The emission samples were collected with a tedlar bag and sampling cartridges containing quartz fiber filters. High reproducibility was achieved between experiment repetitions (CV<10%, n=3). The EF for PM2.5was 1.06gkg-1for EG, 1.33gkg-1for NO, and 0.84gkg-1for PR. Using a laser aerosol spectrometer (0.25-34μm), the contribution of particle emissions (PM2.5) in each stage of emission process (SEP) was sampled in real time. Particle size of 0.265μm were predominant during all stages, and the percentages emitted were PR (33%), EG (29%), and NO (21%). The distributions of EF for PM2.5in pre-ignition, flame and smoldering stage varied from predominance of the flame stage for PR (77%) to predominance of the smoldering stage for NO (60%). These results prove that flame phase is not the only stage contributing to emissions and on the contrary, pre-ignition and in especial post-combustion smoldering have also very significant contributions. This demonstrates that particle concentrations measured only in stationary state during flame stage may cause underestimation of emissions.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (LQA), Center for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile. Electronic address: francisco.cereceda@usm.cl.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cereceda-Balic
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (LQA), Center for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (LQA), Center for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (LQA), Center for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Diaz-Robles
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Energías Renovables, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Petit-Breuilh
authors.affiliation: E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13001, Spain.
authors.forename: Magin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapuerta
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D005390:Fires; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide
keywords: Combustion chamber; Emissions factors; Particulate matter; Residential wood combustion