title: Comparison of Activator-Headgear and Twin Block Treatment Approaches in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion.
abstract: The purpose was to compare the treatment effects of functional appliances activator-headgear (AH) and Twin Block (TB) on skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue structures in class II division 1 malocclusion with normal growth changes in untreated subjects. The sample included 50 subjects (56% females) aged 8-13 years with class II division 1 malocclusion treated with either AH (n= 25) or TB (n= 25) appliances. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were evaluated and compared to 50 untreated class II division 1 cases matched by age, gender, ANB angle, and skeletal maturity. A paired sample, independent samples tests and discriminant analysis were performed for intra- and intergroup analysis. Treatment with both appliances resulted in significant reduction of skeletal and soft-tissue facial convexity, the overjet, and the prominence of the upper lip in comparison to untreated individuals (p< 0.001). Retroclination of maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisors were seen, the latter being significantly more evident in the TB group (p< 0.05). Increase of effective mandibular length was more pronounced in the TB group. In conclusion, both AH and TB appliances contributed successfully to the correction of class II division 1 malocclusion when compared to the untreated subjects with predominantly dentoalveolar changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Stjepan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4836-3903
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spalj
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Tannregulering Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mroz Tranesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birkeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Visnja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Katic
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavlic
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Vaska
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vandevska-Radunovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome