title: Dietary administration of EDC mixtures: A focus on fish lipid metabolism.
abstract: Many man-made chemical compounds are recognized as endocrine disruptors and once released into the environment are likely to spread and bioaccumulate in wild species. Due to their lipophilic nature, these substances pass through the cell membrane or bind to specific receptors activating physiological responses that in the long run can cause reproductive impairment, physiological disorders, including the occurrence of metabolic syndromes. One significant source of contamination is represented by the consumption of polluted food. As a consequence, different environmental pollutants, with similar or different modes of action, can accumulate in organisms and biomagnify along the food web, finally targeting humans. The aim of this study was to analyze, under controlled conditions, the effects induced by the consumption of contaminated diets, focusing on the effects exerted at hepatic level. Juvenile seabream were fed for 21days a diet enriched with different combinations of pollutants, nonylphenol (NP), tert-octylphenol (t-OP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The different diets containing 5mg/kg bw of each contaminant, were formulated as follows: NP+tOP, BPA+NP, BPA+tOP and NP+BPA+tOP (NBO). EDCs, at the doses administered, showed low biomagnification factor (BMF), suggesting that these pollutants hardly accumulate in muscles. The results obtained at hepatic level pinpointed the steatotic effect of all the administered diets, associated to a modulation of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (ppars, fas, lpl, and hsl). Results were compared to those obtained in previous studies in which fish were fed single pollutants evidencing that the administration of mixture of contaminants exerts a milder lipogenic effect, highlighting the contrasting/antagonistic interaction establishing among chemicals. Noteworthy was the setup of a new chromatographic method to detect the presence of the selected chemical in fish muscle and the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis to evaluate pollutant-induced changes in the liver macromolecular building.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carnevali
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Notarstefano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivotto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Di Marco Pisciottano
authors.affiliation: SISSI Beamline, Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaccari
authors.affiliation: INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandich
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giorgini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Roma, Italy. Electronic address: f.maradonna@univpm.it.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maradonna
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000378:metabolism*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D029941:Fish Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C474055:octylphenol; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Alkylphenols; Biomagnification factor; Bisphenol A; Fish diet; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; Seabream