title: Peri-implant bone remodeling at the interface of three different implant types: a histomorphometric study in mini-pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to perform a histomorphometric evaluation of the healing characteristics and jawbone remodeling processes in the peri-implant bone tissue of three commonly used implant surfaces, during the early weeks of osseointegration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental implants with three different surfaces (anodically modified, hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated and machined) were inserted into the mandibular side-tooth region of twelve adult mini-pigs. Histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate remodeling processes 3, 6 and 12 weeks post-implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only a few very early bone remodeling-resorption sites were found at 3 weeks. After 6 weeks, additional signs of remodeling-related reversal and bone formation were detectable in all three groups, which steadily increased until 12 weeks. At the latter time point, the amount of remodeled bone was significantly higher for the anodized and HA-coated surfaces than for the machined implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that peri-implant bone remodeling can start as early as 3 weeks after implantation and continues at a substantial level up to 12 weeks. The anodic modification or HA coating of implant surfaces appears to accelerate the conversion of primary regenerated bone into more mature secondary lamellar bone. If this observation is of clinical relevance, it has to be clarified in studies that include longer observational time periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implant Dentistry, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.|Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Competence Center for Periodontal Research, Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6762-9303
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuderer
authors.affiliation: Department of Implant Dentistry, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulm
authors.affiliation: Competence Center for Periodontal Research, Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rausch-Fan
authors.affiliation: Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tangl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: bone remodeling; dental implants; histomorphometry; implant surface