title: In vivo three-photon imaging of activity of GCaMP6-labeled neurons deep in intact mouse brain.
abstract: High-resolution optical imaging is critical to understanding brain function. We demonstrate that three-photon microscopy at 1,300-nm excitation enables functional imaging of GCaMP6s-labeled neurons beyond the depth limit of two-photon microscopy. We record spontaneous activity from up to 150 neurons in the hippocampal stratum pyramidale at ∼1-mm depth within an intact mouse brain. Our method creates opportunities for noninvasive recording of neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal resolution deep within scattering brain tissues.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitre G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ouzounov
authors.affiliation: School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mengran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cruz-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tolias
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins