title: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced in the combustion of fatty acid alkyl esters from different feedstocks: Quantification, statistical analysis and mechanisms of formation.
abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants of concern due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. Their emissions are mainly related with the combustion or pyrolysis of the organic matter, such as in fossil fuels combustion. It is important to characterize PAHs in the combustions of biofuels due to their increasing importance in the actual energetic setting. There is a lot of research focused in PAHs emission due to the combustion in diesel engines; but only few of them have analyzed the effect of raw material and type of alcohol used in the transesterification process. Different raw materials (i.e. animal fat, palm, rapeseed, linseed, peanut, coconut, and soybean oils) have been used for obtaining FAME and FAEE. A method for measuring PAHs generated during combustion in a bomb calorimeter has been developed. Combustion was made at different oxygen pressures and the samples were taken from the bomb after each combustion. Samples were extracted and the PAHs amounts formed during combustion were analyzed by GC-MS. This research shows the statistical relationships among the 16 PAHs of concern, biodiesel composition and oxygen pressure during combustion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llamas
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Fuels & Petrochemistry, Tecnogetafe Scientific Park, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Erik Kandel s/n, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana-María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Lal
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María-Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mf.ortega@upm.es.
authors.forename: Marcelo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Llamas
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Combustibles y Motores, ETS de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Magín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapuerta
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laureano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canoira
keywords: Biodiesel; Combustion; Mechanisms; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Quantification