title: Bornyl-diphosphate synthase from Lavandula angustifolia: A major monoterpene synthase involved in essential oil quality.
abstract: Lavender essential oils (EOs) of higher quality are produced by a few Lavandula angustifolia cultivars and mainly used in the perfume industry. Undesirable compounds such as camphor and borneol are also synthesized by lavender leading to a depreciated EO. Here, we report the cloning of bornyl diphosphate synthase of lavender (LaBPPS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of bornyl diphosphate (BPP) and then by-products such as borneol or camphor, from an EST library. Compared to the BPPS of Salvia officinalis, the functional characterization of LaBPPS showed several differences in amino acid sequence, and the distribution of catalyzed products. Molecular modeling of the enzyme's active site suggests that the carbocation intermediates are more stable in LaBPPS than in SoBPPS leading probably to a lower efficiency of LaBPPS to convert GPP into BPP. Quantitative RT-PCR performed from leaves and flowers at different development stages of L. angustifolia samples show a clear correlation between transcript level of LaBPPS and accumulation of borneol/camphor, suggesting that LaBPPS is mainly responsible of in vivo biosynthesis of borneol/camphor in fine lavender. A phylogenetic analysis of terpene synthases (TPS) pointed out the basal position of LaBPPS in the TPSb clade, suggesting that LaBPPS could be an ancestor of others lavender TPSb. Finally, borneol could be one of the first monoterpenes to be synthesized in the Lavandula subgenus. Knowledge gained from these experiments will facilitate future studies to improve the lavender oils through metabolic engineering or plant breeding. Accession numbers: LaBPPS: KM015221.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Despinasse
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR-CNRS 7272, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiorucci
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR-CNRS 7272, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antonczak
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moja
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bony
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicolè
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baudino
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Magnard
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Saint-Etienne, Jean Monnet, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, 23 Rue du Dr Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: jullien@univ-st-etienne.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jullien
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001892:Camphanes / Q000737:chemistry; D002164:Camphor / Q000737:chemistry; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D035264:Flowers / Q000201:enzymology; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D027523:Lavandula / Q000201:enzymology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000201:enzymology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002164:Camphor; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C108877:terpene synthase; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases; C040265:pinene cyclase I; C044526:geranyl-diphosphate cyclase; C045718:lavender oil
keywords: Camphor; Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae); Terpene synthase; Transcript regulation