title: Patulin Degradation by the Biocontrol Yeast Sporobolomyces sp. Is an Inducible Process.
abstract: Patulin is a mycotoxin produced byPenicillium expansumand a common contaminant of pome fruits and their derived products worldwide. It is considered to be mutagenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic and cytotoxic, and the development of strategies to reduce this contamination is an active field of research. We previously reported thatSporobolomycessp. is able to degrade patulin and convert it into the breakdown products desoxypatulinic acid and ascladiol, both of which were found to be less toxic than patulin. The specific aim of this study was the evaluation of the triggering of the mechanisms involved in patulin resistance and degradation bySporobolomycessp. Cells pre-incubated in the presence of a low patulin concentration showed a higher resistance to patulin toxicity and a faster kinetics of degradation. Similarly, patulin degradation was faster when crude intracellular protein extracts ofSporobolomycessp. were prepared from cells pre-treated with the mycotoxin, indicating the induction of the mechanisms involved in the resistance and degradation of the mycotoxin bySporobolomycessp. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of patulin resistance and degradation bySporobolomycessp., which is an essential prerequisite for developing an industrial approach aiming at the production of patulin-free products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. giuseppe.ianiri@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ianiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. cristina.pinedo@uca.es.|Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain. cristina.pinedo@uca.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. fratianni@unimol.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fratianni
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. panfili@unimol.it.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panfili
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. castoria@unimol.it.
authors.forename: Raffaello
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castoria
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010365:Patulin / Q000633:toxicity*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D010365:Patulin
keywords: Sporobolomyces sp. IAM 13481; ascladiol; desoxypatulinic acid; microbial patulin degradation