title: Promotive role of 5-aminolevulinic acid on chromium-induced morphological, photosynthetic, and oxidative changes in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.).
abstract: Chromium (Cr) is among the most toxic pollutants in the environment that adversely affect the living organisms and physiological processes in different plants. The present study investigated the effect of 15 mg L-1of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on morpho-physiological attributes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.) under different Cr concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 200 μM) in the growth medium. The results showed that Cr stress decreased the growth, biomass, photosynthetic, and gas exchange parameters. Chromium stress enhanced the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) in response to oxidative stress caused by the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage (EL) in both roots and leaves of cauliflower. Chromium concentrations and total Cr uptake were increased in leaves, stems, and roots with increasing Cr levels in the culture medium. Foliar application of ALA increased the plant growth parameters, biomass, gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic pigments under Cr stress compared to the treatments without ALA. Foliar application ALA decreased the levels of MDA, EL, and H2O2while further improved the performance of antioxidant in both leaves and roots compared to only Cr-stressed plant. Chromium concentrations and total Cr uptake were decreased by the ALA application compared to treatments without ALA application. The results of the present study indicated that foliar application of ALA might be beneficial in minimizing Cr uptake and its toxic effects in cauliflower.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shafaqat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fakhir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. mrazi1532@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3513-2041
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zaidul
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nudrat Aisha
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall (map) 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108-6028, USA.
authors.forename: Saliha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maqbool
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbas
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D018533:Biomass; D001937:Brassica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Cauliflower; Chromium; Electrolyte leakage ALA; Hydrogen peroxide; Malondialdehyde; Photosynthesis