title: SUMO and Chromatin Remodeling.
abstract: Many of the known SUMO substrates are nuclear proteins, which regulate gene expression and chromatin dynamics. Sumoylation, in general, appears to correlate with decreased transcriptional activity, and in many cases modulation of the chromatin template is implicated. Sumoylation of the core histones is associated with transcriptional silencing, and transcription factor sumoylation can decrease gene expression by promoting recruitment of chromatin modifying enzymes. Additionally, sumoylation of transcriptional corepressors and chromatin remodeling enzymes can influence interactions with other transcriptional regulators, and alter their enzymatic activity. In some cases, proteins that are components of transcriptional corepressor complexes have been shown to be SUMO E3 ligases, further emphasizing the integration of sumoylation with the regulation of chromatin remodeling. Despite the evidence suggesting that sumoylation is primarily repressive for access to chromatin, recent analyses suggest that protein sumoylation on the chromatin template may play important roles at highly expressed genes. Elucidating the dynamic interplay of sumoylation with other post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin associated proteins will be key to fully understanding the regulation of access to the chromatin template.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. dw2p@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wotton
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pemberton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrill-Schools
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D058207:Sumoylation; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D004247:DNA; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
keywords: Chromatin; HDAC; Polycomb; SUMO; Transcription