title: Epigenetic Patterns in Blood Associated With Lipid Traits Predict Incident Coronary Heart Disease Events and Are Enriched for Results From Genome-Wide Association Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome-wide association studies have identified loci influencing circulating lipid concentrations in humans; further information on novel contributing genes, pathways, and biology may be gained through studies of epigenetic modifications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To identify epigenetic changes associated with lipid concentrations, we assayed genome-wide DNA methylation at cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) in whole blood from 2306 individuals from 2 population-based cohorts, with replication of findings in 2025 additional individuals. We identified 193 CpGs associated with lipid levels in the discovery stage (P<1.08E-07) and replicated 33 (at Bonferroni-correctedP<0.05), including 25 novel CpGs not previously associated with lipids. Genes at lipid-associated CpGs were enriched in lipid and amino acid metabolism processes. A differentially methylated locus associated with triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; cg27243685;P=8.1E-26 and 9.3E-19) was associated withcis-expression of a reverse cholesterol transporter (ABCG1; P=7.2E-28) and incident cardiovascular disease events (hazard ratio per SD increment, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.66;P=0.0007). We found significantcis-methylation quantitative trait loci at 64% of the 193 CpGs with an enrichment of signals from genome-wide association studies of lipid levels (PTC=0.004,PHDL-C=0.008 andPtriglycerides=0.00003) and coronary heart disease (P=0.0007). For example, genome-wide significant variants associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease atAPOBwerecis-methylation quantitative trait loci for a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related differentially methylated locus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report novel associations of DNA methylation with lipid levels, describe epigenetic mechanisms related to previous genome-wide association studies discoveries, and provide evidence implicating epigenetic regulation of reverse cholesterol transport in blood in relation to occurrence of cardiovascular disease events.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Åsa K
authors.initials: ÅK
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Riccardo E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marioni
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Roby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joehanes
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Marguerite R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Degui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Johanna K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sandling
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Chunyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Tianxiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Allan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: McRae
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Serkalem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demissie
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: L Adrienne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cupples
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deloukas
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundström
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory (Å.K.H., S.G., E.I.) and Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory (J.K.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Cardiovascular Medicine unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Å.K.H.) Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., S.D., L.A.C., D.L.); Department of Biostatistics (C.L., L.A.C., S.D.), Boston University, MA; Boston University, MA (M.M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.M.M.); Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.M.M., R.J., C.Y., C.L., T.H., D.L.); Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (R.E.M., J.M.S., I.J.D.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (R.E.M.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), and Department of Psychology (I.J.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (R.E.M., A.F.M., S.S.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.S., A.F.M.); Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.J.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (M.R.I.) and Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics (D.Z.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L. Liang); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (P.D.); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (T.D.S.); Deparment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden (J.S., L.L.); Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (R.M.K.); College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (E.I.). eriking@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ingelsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D018899:CpG Islands; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019175:DNA Methylation; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D057890:Epigenomics / Q000379:methods; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids
keywords: DNA Methylation; cardiovascular diseases; epigenomics; gene expression; lipids