title: Endocytosis and membrane receptor internalization: implication of F-BAR protein Carom.
abstract: Endocytosis is a cellular process mostly responsible for membrane receptor internalization. Cell membrane receptors bind to their ligands and form a complex which can be internalized. We previously proposed that F-BAR protein initiates membrane curvature and mediates endocytosis via its binding partners. However, F-BAR protein partners involved in membrane receptor endocytosis and the regulatory mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we established database mining strategies to explore mechanisms underlying receptor-related endocytosis. We identified 34 endocytic membrane receptors and 10 regulating proteins in clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), a major process of membrane receptor internalization. We found that F-BAR protein FCHSD2 (Carom) may facilitate endocytosis via 9 endocytic partners. Carom is highly expressed, along with highly expressed endocytic membrane receptors and partners, in endothelial cells and macrophages. We established 3 models of Carom-receptor complexes and their intracellular trafficking based on protein interaction and subcellular localization. We conclude that Carom may mediate receptor endocytosis and transport endocytic receptors to the cytoplasm for receptor signaling and lysosome/proteasome degradation, or to the nucleus for RNA processing, gene transcription and DNA repair.
authors.affiliation: Center Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China, and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Jixiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140,and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Suxuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Cueto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramon
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Center Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China, and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Luqiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: Lixiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China.
authors.forename: Dingwen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xianxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Center Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, hongw@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002966:Clathrin; C479761:FCHSD2 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface