title: Distinguishing Between Efficacy and Real-World Effectiveness: The Case for Thinking Beyond Classic Randomized Controlled Trial Design.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Anesthesiology and †Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; ‡The Dartmouth Institute, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; and §Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, School of Nursing, and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Sites
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masaracchia
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000068598:Data Accuracy; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D023381:Endpoint Determination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome