title: Iatrogenic Vascular Injuries Due to Spinal Surgeries: Endovascular Perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries are rare but serious complications. Surgical management of these injuries is challenging with high morbidity rates. In this study we aim to present the results of endovascular management of iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients (5 male, 6 female) who had vascular injuries due to cervical and lumbar spinal surgeries. Clinical findings were bleeding (n=5), leg edema (n=6) and right heart failure with severe dyspnea (n=1). The age range of the patients were between 42-67 (mean: 57.1). Six patients were reviewed with imaging before the procedures and the rest of the patients (n=5) were directly referred to the angiography unit for diagnosis and possible endovascular treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The types of surgeries were; cervical surgery (n=5) and lumbar disc operation (n=6). The type of vascular injuries were; vertebral artery stenosis (n=1), vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm (n=3), vertebral artery occlusion (n=1) and iliac arteriovenous fistula (n=6). The type of endovascular treatments were; parent artery occlusion (PAO) (n=2), covered stent graft implantation (n=6) and intrasaccular coil embolization of pseudoaneurysm (n=1). The remaining 2 patients were managed conservatively. No major complications or mortality occured during endovascular interventions. No bleeding or ischemia occured in the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries are rare but serious complications. Endovascular interventions are safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of such vascular injuries.
authors.affiliation: Adnan Menderes University, Department of Radiology, Aydın, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gok
authors.forename: Elcin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guneyli
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*