title: Antifatigue effects of troxerutin on exercise endurance capacity, oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in trained male rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of troxerutin (TRX) on endurance capacity, oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in trained male rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The control (Vehicle) and exercise training (5 days/week) with vehicle treatment (Exercise), exercise training with TRX treatment at 75 (Ex-TRX75), 150 (Ex-TRX150), and 300 mg/kg (Ex-TRX300). The treated groups received TRX by gavage every day while the other groups received water for 30 days. On the 30th day, rats were sacrificed immediately after exhaustive swimming test, and some biochemical parameters were measured. Exhaustion swimming time in the Ex-TRX75, Ex-TRX150 and Ex-TRX300 groups significantly increased 1.2-, 1.93- and 2.1-fold compared to the vehicle group, respectively. TRX significantly increased glucose level (P < 0.05) and reduced creatine kinase activity (P < 0.001) compared to the vehicle and exercise groups. TRX300 significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (P < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.05) and MMP-9 levels (P < 0.05) compared to the vehicle and exercise groups. Additionally, TRX300 and TRX150 significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity compared to the vehicle group (P < 0.05). Our results provide experimental evidence in supporting clinical use of TRX as an effective agent against fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hajizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, 7719617996, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaeili Nadimi
authors.affiliation: Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamsizadeh
authors.affiliation: Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allahtavakoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside; C005865:troxerutin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat
keywords: exhaustive swimming test; fatigue; matrix metalloproteinase-9; oxidative stress; troxerutin