title: Protein tyrosine nitration in plants: Present knowledge, computational prediction and future perspectives.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules (reactive nitrogen species) regulate diverse physiological processes mainly through posttranslational modifications such as protein tyrosine nitration (PTN). PTN is a covalent and specific modification of tyrosine (Tyr) residues resulting in altered protein structure and function. In the last decade, great efforts have been made to reveal candidate proteins, target Tyr residues and functional consequences of nitration in plants. This review intends to evaluate the accumulated knowledge about the biochemical mechanism, the structural and functional consequences and the selectivity of plants' protein nitration and also about the decomposition or conversion of nitrated proteins. At the same time, this review emphasizes yet unanswered or uncertain questions such as the reversibility/irreversibility of tyrosine nitration, the involvement of proteasomes in the removal of nitrated proteins or the effect of nitration on Tyr phosphorylation. The different NO producing systems of algae and higher plants raise the possibility of diversely regulated protein nitration. Therefore studying PTN from an evolutionary point of view would enrich our present understanding with novel aspects. Plant proteomic research can be promoted by the application of computational prediction tools such as GPS-YNO2and iNitro-Tyr software. Using the reference Arabidopsis proteome, Authors performed in silico analysis of tyrosine nitration in order to characterize plant tyrosine nitroproteome. Nevertheless, based on the common results of the present prediction and previous experiments the most likely nitrated proteins were selected thus recommending candidates for detailed future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address: kolzsu@bio.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kolbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address: feigl@bio.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feigl
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Katona Zsigmond út 5, H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary. Electronic address: bordeadam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Bordé
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address: molnara@bio.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: Árpád
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address: erdei@bio.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Erdei
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: Arabidopsis; Computational prediction; GPS-YNO(2); Plant; Tyrosine nitration; iNitro-tyr