title: Variations in gynecologic oncology training in low (LIC) and middle income (MIC) countries (LMICs): Common efforts and challenges.
abstract: Gynecologic cancer, cervical cancer in particular, is disproportionately represented in the developing world where mortality is also high. Screening programs, increased availability of chemotherapy, and an awareness of HIV-related cancers have in part accelerated a need for physicians who can treat these cancers, yet the infrastructure for such training is often lacking. In this paper, we address the variations in gynecology oncology training in LMICs as well as the ubiquitous challenges, in an effort to guide future agendas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dept Ob/Gyn, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr SPC 5276 L4606 UH-South, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 12, 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Barts Cancer Institute, a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, Room 4, Basement, Old Anatomy Building, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bartshealth NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, 10th Floor, South Block, Whitechapel Road, E1 1BB, London.
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manchanda
authors.affiliation: Rua Frei Orlando, 169, Curitiba, PR 82530-040, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audrey Tieko
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.affiliation: Divisional and Fellowship Director of Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Linus
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chuang
keywords: Gynecologic: Oncology; LMICs; Training