title: NaYbF4nanoparticles as near infrared light excited inorganic photosensitizers for deep penetration in photodynamic therapy.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy with many advantages over other therapeutic methods, but it is restricted to treat superficial cancers due to the shallow tissue penetration of visible light. The biological window in the near infrared region (NIR) offers hope to extend the penetration depth, but there is no natural NIR excited photosensitizer. Here, we report a novel photosensitizer: NaYbF4nanoparticles (NPs). By using a 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) sensor, we show that the Yb3+ions can absorb the NIR light and transfer energy directly to oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The efficiency of transferring energy to oxygen by NaYbF4NPs is comparable to that of traditional photosensitizers. We have carried out PDT both in vitro and in vivo based on NaYbF4NPs; the results demonstrate that NaYbF4NPs are indeed an effective NIR photosensitizer, which can help extend the application of PDT to solid tumors owing to the much deeper penetration depth of NIR light.
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China. zhangzhiguo@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China. jianruxiao83@163.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China. zhangzhiguo@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China. jianruxiao83@163.com.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China. jianruxiao83@163.com.
authors.forename: N Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China. zhangzhiguo@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P.R. China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China. jianruxiao83@163.com.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China. zhangzhiguo@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China. zhangzhiguo@hit.edu.cn and Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China and Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. dzk@psu.edu.
authors.forename: W W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-1486
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents