title: Demographic and lifestyle factors and survival among patients with esophageal and gastric cancer: The Biobank Japan Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have evaluated associations between the characteristics of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer and survival, but these associations remain unclear. We described the distribution of demographic and lifestyle factors among patients with esophageal and gastric cancer in Japan, and investigated their potential effects on survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2007, 24- to 95-year-old Japanese patients with esophageal and gastric cancer were enrolled in the BioBank Japan Project. The analysis included 365 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 1574 patients with gastric cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were estimated using medical institution-stratified Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 213 patients with ESCC (median follow-up, 4.4 years) and 603 patients with gastric cancer (median follow-up, 6.1 years) died. Among patients with ESCC, the mortality risk was higher in ever drinkers versus never drinkers (multivariable HR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.53). Among patients with gastric cancer, the mortality risk was higher in underweight patients versus patients of normal weight (multivariable HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.05). Compared to patients with gastric cancer with no physical exercise habit, those who exercised ≥3 times/week had a lower mortality risk (multivariate HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.93). However, lack of stage in many cases was a limitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with ESCC, alcohol drinkers have a poor prognosis. Patients with gastric cancer who are underweight also have a poor prognosis, whereas patients with physical exercise habits have a good prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigekazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Policy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.affiliation: Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Policy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Zentaro
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: tamaa@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cohort study; Esophageal cancer; Gastric cancer; Japan; Survival