title: Single Particle Tracking of Peptides-Modified Nanocargo on Lipid Membrane Revealing Bulk-Mediated Diffusion.
abstract: Understanding the detailed diffusion behavior of the nanocargo on lipid membrane can afford deep insight into the surface chemistry controlled translocation mechanism for the rational design of an efficient delivery system. By tracking the diffusion trajectory of transacting activator of transcription (TAT, a cell penetrating peptide) peptides-modified nanocargo on lipid membrane, bulk-mediated (intermittent hopping) diffusion was observed for the first time after a blended modification of TAT peptides and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules onto the nanoparticle surface. In contrast to random walk or confined diffusion, the nanoparticles could be temporarily confined for random waiting times between surface displacements produced by excursions through the bulk fluid, which was not noted before. Non-Gaussian distributed step length (with a stretched power law like tail) was observed, making large displacements much more probable than one would predict for regular Gaussian decay. This kind of larger displacement would therefore significantly facilitate a kinetically controlled surface searching process like heterogeneous penetration site recognition on a fluidic membrane with suitable spatial orientation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
authors.forename: Zhongju
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yueling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.|College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Lehui
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0522-2342
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C497137:tat peptide (47-57), Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold