title: Novel potential scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is characterization of novel calcium and zinc-loaded electrospun matrices to be used for periodontal regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A polymethylmetacrylate-based membrane was calcium or zinc loaded. Matrices were characterized morphologically by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy and mechanically probed by a nanoindenter. Biomimetic calcium phosphate precipitation on polymeric tissues was assessed. Cell viability tests were performed using oral mucosa fibroblasts. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests or by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zinc and calcium loading on matrices did not modify their morphology but increased nanomechanical properties and decreased nanoroughness. Precipitation of calcium and phosphate on the matrix surfaces was observed in zinc-loaded specimens. Matrices were found to be non-toxic to cells in all the assays. Calcium- and zinc-loaded scaffolds presented a very low cytotoxic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc-loaded membranes permit cell viability and promoted mineral precipitation in physiological conditions. Based on the tested nanomechanical properties and scaffold architecture, the proposed membranes may be suitable for cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of zinc-loaded matrices to promote precipitation of calcium phosphate deposits, together with their observed non-toxicity and its surface chemistry allowing covalent binding of proteins, may offer new strategies for periodontal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute IBS, Dental School, Colegio Máximo, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18017, Granada, Spain. rosorio@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Research Institute IBS, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Camilo Andrés
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alfonso-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Research Institute IBS, Dental School, Colegio Máximo, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18017, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada. Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Medina-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute IBS, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaminos
authors.affiliation: Research Institute IBS, Dental School, Colegio Máximo, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18017, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano-Osorio
authors.affiliation: Research Institute IBS, Dental School, Colegio Máximo, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18017, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C020243:calcium phosphate; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Calcium; Nanopolymers; Regeneration; Scaffolds; Zinc