title: Epidemiological, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance ofSalmonella entericaserovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonellais one of major causes of foodborne outbreaks globally. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, typing and antibiotic susceptibilities ofSalmonella entericaserovars isolated from 41 broiler chicken farms located in Kafr El-Sheikh Province in Northern Egypt during 2014-2015. The clinical signs and mortalities were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 615 clinical samples were collected from broiler flocks from different organs (liver, intestinal content and gall bladder).Salmonellainfection was identified in 17 (41%) broiler chicken flocks and 67Salmonellaisolates were collected. Recovered isolates were serotyped as 58 (86.6%)S. entericaserovar Typhimurium, 6 (9%)S. entericaserovar Enteritidis and 3 (4.5%) were non-typable. The significant high mortality rate was observed only in 1-week-old chicks.sopE gene was detected in 92.5% of the isolates which indicating their ability to infect humans. AllS. entericaserovar Enteritidis isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. The phenotypically resistantS. entericaserovar Typhimurium isolates against ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were harbouringBlaTEM, (tetA andtetC), (sul1 andsul3) and (cat1 andfloR), respectively. The sensitivity rate ofS. entericaserovar Typhimurium to gentamycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and streptomycin were 100, 94.8, 89.7%, respectively. The silent streptomycin antimicrobial cassettes were detected in allSalmonellaserovars. A class one integron (dfrA12,orfF andaadA2) was identified in three ofS. entericaserovar Typhimurium strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this study considered first report discussing the prevalence, genotyping, antibiotic susceptibility and public health significance ofS. entericaserovars in broilers farms of different ages in Delta Egypt. Further studies are mandatory to verify the location of some resistance genes that are within or associated with the class one integron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Sharkawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahoun
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd El-Galiel A
authors.initials: AEA
authors.lastname: El-Gohary
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.
authors.forename: Moshira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Abasy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Khayat
authors.affiliation: CALM_live Imaging Facility, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 47 EH16 4TJ UK.
authors.forename: Trudi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitade
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hafez M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.
authors.forename: Hosny
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8585-4237
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Adawy
keywords: Antimicrobial; Broiler; Epidemiology; Integron; Salmonella