title: Role of diclofenac sodium and paracetamol on colonic anastomosis: An experimental rodent model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite many advances in surgery and technology, colonic anastomosis remains a challenge after colonic resection. The purpose of this study is to compare the safety of using diclofenac sodium and paracetamol for analgesia in colonic anastomosis on rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly allocated to four groups: Group 1, sham-operated group; Group 2, control group; Group 3, diclofenac sodium group; Group 4, paracetamol group. After laparotomy, the left colon was transected and a single-layer anastomosis was made with 5/0 vicryl in Groups 2, 3, and 4. Only laparotomy was performed in Group 1. After anastomosis, we administered saline to Group 2, diclofenac sodium to Group 3, and paracetamol to Group 4 for 7 days. Then, all animals were decapitated. The anastomotic region was resected, and bursting pressure was measured. Then, the specimen was sent to the laboratory for histological examination and hydroxyproline analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bursting pressure and hydroxyproline level were significantly higher in the paracetamol group (p<0.05). When we looked at the fibrosis levels of these groups, it was also higher in paracetamol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bursting pressure, hydroxyproline levels, and fibrosis levels indicate that the perioperative use of paracetamol for analgesia when undergoing colonic anastomosis is safer than diclofenac sodium.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drosmanbilgin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Osman Bilgin
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Gulcicek
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: solmazali@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drhyigitbas@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yigitbas
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ercetin@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Candas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ercetin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drerkanyavuz81@mynet.com.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: kamilozdogan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozdogan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aytacbiricik@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aytac
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biricik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aslikahraman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Asli Kahraman
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Akkalp
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: huzun59@hormail.com.
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drmugekutnu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Muge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutnu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: fatih_celebi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: dratillacelik@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; D000082:Acetaminophen
keywords: analgesia; anastomosis leak; diclofenac sodium; experimental; paracetamol