title: Antiprotozoal Constituents fromAnnona cherimolaMiller, a Plant Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine for the Treatment of Diarrhea and Dysentery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annona cherimolaMiller (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant frequently recommended in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This work was undertaken to obtain information that support the traditional use ofA. cherimola, on pharmacological basis usingin vitroand computational experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the leaves ofA. cherimolaafforded five phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, nicotinflorin, and rutin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thein vitroantiprotozoal assay showed that kaempferol was the most potent antiamoebic and antigiardial compound with IC50values of 7.9 μg/mL forEntamoeba histolyticaand 8.7 μg/mL forGiardia lamblia. Computational molecular docking study showed that kaempferol interacted in a region different than metronidazole in the enzyme pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that PFOR is a target of metronidazole; kaempferol may be a lead compound for the development of novel antiprotozoal agent. Also, these findings give support to the use ofA. cherimolain the traditional medicine from México for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the leaves ofAnnona cherimolaafforded five phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, nicotinflorin and rutin. Thein vitroantiprotozoal assay showed that kaempferol was the most potent antiamoebic and antigiardial compound with IC50 values of 7.9 μg/mL forEntamoeba histolyticaand 8.7 μg/mL forGiardia lamblia. Computational molecular docking study showed that kaempferol interacted in a region different that metronidazole in the enzyme pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase.Abbreviations used:PFOR:Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase,G: lamblia: Giardia lamblia,E: histolytica: Entamoeba histolytica.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades-2 piso CORCE Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D. F.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calzada
authors.affiliation: Sección de Graduados y Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y DíazMirón, México, D. F.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Correa-Basurto
authors.affiliation: Sección de Graduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y DíazMirón, México, D. F.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Sección de Graduados y Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luís y DíazMirón, México, D. F.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendez-Luna
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D. F.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yepez-Mulia
keywords: Annona cherimola; Annonaceae; Antiprotozoal activity; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia; Piruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase; kaempferol