title: Characteristics of extracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as a biomarker of cancer in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early and proper diagnosis of cancer is the most critical factor for the survival and treatment of veterinary cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated extracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (ECPKA) level in serum as a useful cancer biomarker in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECPKA levels were detected in sera from dogs with cancers (n = 48), benign tumours (n = 18), and non-tumour diseases (n = 102) as well as healthy control dogs (n = 54) utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sera from dogs bearing various types of cancer exhibited markedly increased levels of ECPKA by up to 7.1-, 8.8-, and 10.9-fold compared with those from dogs harbouring benign tumours, dogs with non-tumour diseases, and healthy control dogs, respectively (P < .0001). In addition, serum ECPKA level did not show statistically significant correlation with gender, breed, or age of dogs or their non-cancerous disease conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data strongly propose that detection of serum ECPKA level is a potential and specific diagnostic tool for cancer in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S-N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Ray Veterinary Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8535-6211
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000097:blood*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: cancer biomarker; dog; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; extracellular protein kinase A; serum