title: Non-Markovian linear response theory for quantum open systems and its applications.
abstract: The Kubo formula is an equation that expresses the linear response of an observable due to a time-dependent perturbation. It has been extended from closed systems to open systems in recent years under the Markovian approximation, but is barely explored for open systems in non-Markovian regimes. In this paper, we derive a formula for the linear response of an open system to a time-independent external field. This response formula is available for both Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics depending on parameters in the spectral density of the environment. As an illustration of the theory, the Hall conductance of a two-band system subjected to environments is derived and discussed. With the tight-binding model, we point out the Hall conductance changes from Markovian to non-Markovian dynamics by modulating the spectral density of the environment. Our results suggest a way to the controlling of the system response, which has potential applications for quantum statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.|Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.|Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yi