title: Metabolic remodeling during the loss and acquisition of pluripotency.
abstract: Pluripotent cells from the early stages of embryonic development have the unlimited capacity to self-renew and undergo differentiation into all of the cell types of the adult organism. These properties are regulated by tightly controlled networks of gene expression, which in turn are governed by the availability of transcription factors and their interaction with the underlying epigenetic landscape. Recent data suggest that, perhaps unexpectedly, some key epigenetic marks, and thereby gene expression, are regulated by the levels of specific metabolites. Hence, cellular metabolism plays a vital role beyond simply the production of energy, and may be involved in the regulation of cell fate. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic changes that occur during the transitions between different pluripotent states bothin vitroandin vivo, including during reprogramming to pluripotency and the onset of differentiation, and we discuss the extent to which distinct metabolites might regulate these transitions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA hannele@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Hannele
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5588-4531
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruohola-Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015053:Zygote / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Epigenetics; Metabolic remodeling; Stem cell