title: Anxiety and Depression Among Sexual Minority Women and Men in Sweden: Is the Risk Equally Spread Within the Sexual Minority Population?
abstract: Sexual minority individuals have a higher risk of anxiety and depression compared with heterosexuals. However, whether the higher risk is spread equally across the sexual minority population is not clear.
  
  
  
  To investigate the association between sexual orientation and self-reported current anxiety and a history of diagnosis of depression, paying particular attention to possible subgroup differences in risks within the sexual minority population, stratified by sex and to examine participants' history of medical care for anxiety disorders and depression.
  
  
  
  We conducted a population-based study of 874 lesbians and gays, 841 bisexuals, and 67,980 heterosexuals recruited in 2010 in Stockholm County. Data were obtained from self-administered surveys that were linked to nationwide registers.
  
  
  
  By using logistic regression, we compared risks of current anxiety, histories of diagnosed depression, and register-based medical care for anxiety and/or depression in lesbian and gay, bisexual, and heterosexual individuals.
  
  
  
  Bisexual women and gay men were more likely to report anxiety compared with their heterosexual peers. Bisexual individuals and gay men also were more likely to report a past diagnosis of depression. All sexual minority groups had an increased risk of having used medical care for anxiety and depression compared with heterosexuals, with bisexual women having the highest risk.
  
  
  
  Bisexual women appear to be a particularly vulnerable sexual minority group. Advocating for non-discrimination and protections for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people is a logical extension of the effort to lower the prevalence of mental illness. Björkenstam C, Björkenstam E, Andersson G, et al. Anxiety and Depression Among Sexual Minority Women and Men in Sweden: Is the Risk Equally Spread Within the Sexual Minority Population? J Sex Med 2017;14:396-403.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: charlotte.bjorkenstam@ki.se.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Björkenstam
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björkenstam
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosidou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Bisexual; Depression; Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual