title: Sperm quality and oxidative status as affected by homogenization of liquid-stored boar semen diluted in short- and long-term extenders.
abstract: Homogenization of diluted boar semen during storage has for a long time been regarded as beneficial. Recent studies indicated an adverse effect of homogenization on sperm quality for yet unknown reasons. This study aimed to verify the effect of homogenization on sperm parameters and to elucidate the impact of oxidative stress. Twenty-one normospermic ejaculates (21 boars) were diluted with Androstar®Plus (AND) and Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS). Semen doses were submitted to no-homogenization (NoHom) or twice-a-day manual homogenization (2xHom) during storage at 17°C for 168h. NoHom and 2xHom were similar (P>0.05) for both short- and long-term extenders with respect to motility and kinematics parameters (CASA system), membrane viability (SYBR-14/PI), acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species, sulfhydryl content, and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential. 2xHom reduced sperm motility and motion kinematics (VCL, VSL, VAP, BCF, and ALH) following the thermoresistance test and presented with a slight increase in pH along the storage (P=0.05) as compared to NoHom. Furthermore, 2xHom semen doses presented with a constant SOD and GSH-Px activity during storage whereas enzymatic activity increased for NoHom at the end of the storage. These findings confirm that homogenization of semen doses is detrimental to sperm quality. Moreover, it is shown that the effect of homogenization is unlikely to be primarily related to oxidative stress. Homogenization is not recommended for storage of liquid boar semen for up to 168h in both short- and long-term extenders.
authors.affiliation: Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Menegat
authors.affiliation: Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mellagi
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bortolin
authors.affiliation: Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tila A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mari Lourdes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wentz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gelain
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Cláudio F
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: fpbortol@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Fernando P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Bortolozzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Agitation; Liquid-storage; Oxidative stress; Rotation; Swine reproduction