title: Trends in health burden of untreated water and insanitary environments in Iran, 1990-2010: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010.
abstract: Background:Water, sanitation and hygiene have a very important role in public health. Poor sanitation is the cause of water contamination, which causes many types of diseases. The aim of this paper was to present the attributable death and disability adjusted life year (DALYs) of untreated water and insanitary environments from 1990 to 2010 in Iran.Methods:In the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study, using the comparative risk assessment, the proportion of death and DALYs attributable to untreated water source and insanitary environment has been calculated in 1990 to 2010. The certain outcomes were intestinal infectious diseases for both untreated water source and insanitary environments. Estimated attributable deaths and DALYs were reported with 95% uncertainty interval (UI).Results:DALY number for untreated water source and insanitary environments was 5838 (95% UI: 198- 14837) in 1990, which decreased to 326 (95% UI: 9-863) in 2010 and the percent of decrease was 94.42%. In addition, DALY rate was 5667 (95% UI: 192-14402) DALY per 100,000 in 1990, which decreased to 453 (95% UI: 13-1199) DALY per 100,000 in 2010 and the percent of the reduction was 92.01%. The greatest percentage of decrease in the attributed number of deaths was also found in the late neonatal age group (95.45%).Conclusion:A significant decrease has occurred in a number of DALYs and deaths between 1990 and 2010, which was attributed to the development of new water systems and environmental sanitations in Iran.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, & Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. a_ebrahimi@hlth.mui.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, & Student Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. shamall6@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mokhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.affiliation: MD, Research Assistant, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. anoosheh.ghasemian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anoosheh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghasemian
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. p.poursafa@hlth.mui.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Parinaz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poursafa
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. farshadsharifi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Farshad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Department of Epidmioligy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Rmohammadi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rasool
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: MSc, Department of Epidmioligy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rnejatifar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nejatifar
authors.affiliation: PhD, Professor, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, & Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. amin@hlth.mui.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: MSc, Instructor, Department of Medical Emergency, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. asayeshpsy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asayesh
authors.affiliation: PhD, Assistant Professor, Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. saeidsafiri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safiri
authors.affiliation: PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. ansarih88@gmail.com .
authors.forename: Hossain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, & Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mqorbani1379@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qorbani
keywords: Burden of Diseases; Disability Adjusted Life Year; Insanitary Environments; Iran; Water