title: Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy Distinguishing Replicative Senescent from Proliferating Primary Human Fibroblast Cells by Detecting Spectral Differences Mainly Due to Biomolecular Alterations.
abstract: Cellular senescence is a terminal cell cycle arrested state, assumed to be involved in tumor suppression. We studied four human fibroblast cell strains (BJ, MRC-5, IMR-90, and WI-38) from proliferation into senescence. Cells were investigated by label-free vibrational Raman and infrared spectroscopy, following their transition into replicative senescence. During the transition into senescence, we observed rather similar biomolecular abundances in all four cell strains and between proliferating and senescent cells; however, in the four aging cell strains, we found common molecular differences dominated by protein and lipid modifications. Hence, aging induces a change in the appearance of biomolecules (including degradation and storage of waste) rather than in their amount present in the cells. For all fibroblast strains combined, the partial least squares-linear discriminant analysis (PLS-LDA) model resulted in 75% and 81% accuracy for the Raman and infrared (IR) data, respectively. Within this validation, senescent cells were recognized with 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the Raman and 84% sensitivity and 97% specificity for the IR data. Thus, Raman and infrared spectroscopy can identify replicative senescence on the single cell level, suggesting that vibrational spectroscopy may be suitable for identifying and distinguishing different cellular states in vivo, e.g., in skin.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.|Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.|Chemometric Consulting and Chemometrix GmbH , Södeler Weg 19, 61200 Wölfersheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1626-154X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beleites
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) , Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marthandan
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.|Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthäus
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) , Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diekmann
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.|Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4257-593X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman