title: The Potential Roles of Radionanomedicine and Radioexosomics in Prostate Cancer Research and Treatment.
abstract: The artificial nanostructures such as nanoparticles and natural nanostructures such as secreted nanosized extracellular vesicles known as exosomes are promising tools for the realization of personalized medicine. Radionanomedicine is a recently coined term for the simultaneous application of either radiation technology or nuclear medicine with nanomedicine. In addition, radioexosomics is our suggested term for the study of exosomes functions, cytotoxicity, cancerogenicity, and biodistribution using radiation technology and nuclear medicine tracing technology. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and a big majority of patients with PC progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) mostly. The mechanisms leading to development of CRPC remain poorly understood and there is still a need to improve the therapeutic options available for PCa. In this review, a wide variety of nanostructure-based prostate cancer research using radiation technology and nuclear medicine is discussed. In addition, we will present what is currently known about the function of exosomes in PCa. The review concludes by summarizing the current status and future perspectives of radionanomedicine and radioexosomics for understanding PCa biology, as well as PCa enhancement of targeting strategies, drug delivery, molecular imaging and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4. Canada.
authors.forename: Martin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bakht
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: So W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: Do W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4. Canada.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, 17 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744. Korea.
authors.forename: Gi J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: Dong S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
authors.forename: Keon W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: Prostate; cancer; exosome; nanomedicine; nuclear medicine; radiation