title: Control of terahertz nonlinear transmission with electrically gated graphene metadevices.
abstract: Graphene, which is a two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has attracted a great amount of attention due to its outstanding mechanical, thermal and electronic properties. Moreover, graphene shows an exceptionally strong tunable light-matter interaction that depends on the Fermi level - a function of chemical doping and external gate voltage - and the electromagnetic resonance provided by intentionally engineered structures. In the optical regime, the nonlinearities of graphene originated from the Pauli blocking have already been exploited for mode-locking device applications in ultrafast laser technology, whereas nonlinearities in the terahertz regime, which arise from a reduction in conductivity due to carrier heating, have only recently been confirmed experimentally. Here, we investigated two key factors for controlling nonlinear interactions of graphene with an intense terahertz field. The induced transparencies of graphene can be controlled effectively by engineering meta-atoms and/or changing the number of charge carriers through electrical gating. Additionally, nonlinear phase changes of the transmitted terahertz field can be observed by introducing the resonances of the meta-atoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.|Center for Quantum Beam-based Radiation Research, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Beam-based Radiation Research, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea.|Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
authors.forename: In Hyung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Joo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Don
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sang Soon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joachim M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.affiliation: The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pusch
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jagang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kanghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantum Beam-based Radiation Research, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young U K
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ortwin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.|Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rotermund
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bumki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Min