title: Altered amygdala and hippocampus effective connectivity in mild cognitive impairment patients with depression: a resting-state functional MR imaging study with granger causality analysis.
abstract: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the major depression disorder would increase the risk of dementia in the older with amnestic cognitive impairment. We used granger causality analysis algorithm to explore the amygdala- and hippocampus-based directional connectivity patterns in 12 patients with major depression disorder and amnestic cognitive impairment (mean age: 69.5 ± 10.3 years), 13 amnestic cognitive impairment patients (mean age: 72.7 ± 8.5 years) and 14 healthy controls (mean age: 64.7 ± 7.0 years). Compared with amnestic cognitive impairment patients and control groups respectively, the patients with both major depression disorder and amnestic cognitive impairment displayed increased effective connectivity from the right amygdala to the right lingual and calcarine gyrus, as well as to the bilateral supplementary motor areas. Meanwhile, the patients with both major depression disorder and amnestic cognitive impairment had enhanced effective connectivity from the left superior parietal gyrus, superior and middle occipital gyrus to the left hippocampus, the z values of which was also correlated with the scores of mini-mental state examination and auditory verbal learning test-immediate recall. Our findings indicated that the directional effective connectivity of right amygdala - occipital-parietal lobe - left hippocampus might be the pathway by which major depression disorder inhibited the brain activity in patients with amnestic cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Li Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Gui Fen
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Xin Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yun Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.|College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Guang Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Long Jiang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.|Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009434:Neural Pathways
keywords: amnestic cognitive impairment; amygdala; granger causality analysis; hippocampus; major depression disorder