title: Representation, archaeology and genealogy: Three "spatial metaphors" for inquiring into nursing phenomena with Foucauldian discourse analysis.
abstract: Foucault used the "Quadrilateral of Language" metaphor to describe how language functioned in what the French called the Classic Age, roughly 1650 to 1800, the period from Descartes to Kant. His purpose was to show how the functions of language changed radically with the arrival of the Modern Age (~1800). Foucault developed his archaeological methods to investigate the impact of this change, but later revised his methods to introduce genealogical strategies to conduct "histories of the present". Our purpose in this paper is to clarify Foucault's thinking about ruptures in the functions of language and to show their implications for analyzing nursing discourse. Our account provides an overview of radical changes in both the functions of language and in Foucault's analytical methods. Drawing on Foucault's "Quadrilateral of Language", his anthropological quadrilateral, and our spatialized conception of his genealogical methods, we critique advanced nursing practice (APN) discourse and invite others to inquire into nursing phenomena with spatialized thinking.
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.affiliation: University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Rusla Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Springer
mesh_terms: D000883:Anthropology / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language / Q000266:history*; D009275:Names; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing
keywords: Foucault; analytic of finitude; anthropological quadrilateral; archaeology; genealogy; quadrilateral of language