title: Paxillin: a crossroad in pathological cell migration.
abstract: Paxilllin is a multifunctional and multidomain focal adhesion adapter protein which serves an important scaffolding role at focal adhesions by recruiting structural and signaling molecules involved in cell movement and migration, when phosphorylated on specific Tyr and Ser residues. Upon integrin engagement with extracellular matrix, paxillin is phosphorylated at Tyr31, Tyr118, Ser188, and Ser190, activating numerous signaling cascades which promote cell migration, indicating that the regulation of adhesion dynamics is under the control of a complex display of signaling mechanisms. Among them, paxillin disassembly from focal adhesions induced by extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of serines 106, 231, and 290 as well as the binding of the phosphatase PEST to paxillin have been shown to play a key role in cell migration. Paxillin also coordinates the spatiotemporal activation of signaling molecules, including Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA GTPases, by recruiting GEFs, GAPs, and GITs to focal adhesions. As a major participant in the regulation of cell movement, paxillin plays distinct roles in specific tissues and developmental stages and is involved in immune response, epithelial morphogenesis, and embryonic development. Importantly, paxillin is also an essential player in pathological conditions including oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial cell barrier dysfunction, and cancer development and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico. acolome@ifc.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: López-Colomé
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee-Rivera
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benavides-Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057089:Pathology, Molecular; D051419:Paxillin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051419:Paxillin
keywords: Cancer; Cell migration; Focal adhesions; Signal transduction