title: Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain.
abstract: This study’s aim was to identify the most important general and pain-related risk factors of suicidal ideation in a large sample of patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
  
  
  
  A total of 728 patients with chronic non-cancer pain were recruited from the waitlists of eight multidisciplinary pain clinics across Canada. Patients were assessed using self-administered questionnaires to measure demographic, pain-related (intensity, duration, interference, sleep problems), psychological (anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms including suicidal ideation), cognitive (catastrophizing, attitudes/beliefs), and health-related quality of life variables. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors that were associated with presence/absence of suicidal ideation while controlling for depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  The results showed that being a male, longer pain duration, higher anger levels, feelings of helplessness, greater pain magnification, and being more depressed were significant independent predictor factors of suicidal ideation, while better perceived mental health was related with a lesser likelihood of suicidal ideation. Moreover, being in a relationship and believing in a medical cure for pain might be protective of suicidal ideation while being anxious may be more associated with suicidal ideation.
  
  
  
  These results indicate that development of suicidal ideation is more closely related to pain chronicity and certain psychosocial factors than how severe or physically incapacitating the pain is. Many of these factors could potentially be modified by early identification of suicidal ideation and developing targeted cognitive interventions for suicidal at-risk patients. Research to examine the efficacy of these interventions for reducing suicidal ideation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Racine
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gálan
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomé-Pires
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solé
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Warren R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Nielson
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Dwight E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choinière
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Chronic Non-Cancer Pain; Suicidal Ideation; Depression; Health-Related Quality of Life; Cognitive Factors; Mental Well-Being; Physical Functioning