title: In vitro secretomic analysis identifies putative pathogenicity-related proteins of Sporisorium scitamineum - The sugarcane smut fungus.
abstract: Sporisorium scitamineum, the sugarcane smut pathogen, relies predominantly on its secretome to successfully colonise its host, in accordance with other related smut fungi. Considering the significance of deciphering its secretome, we have examined alterations in the in vitro secretome of S. scitamineum in response to synthetic and sugarcane meristem tissue-amended growth media, so as to identify host signal responsive secretory proteins. Secretory proteins that were differentially abundant and exclusively secreted in response to host extract media were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Of the 16 differentially abundant and exclusively secreted proteins, nine proteins were identified. Among which, six were related to cell wall modification, morphogenesis, polysaccharide degradation, and carbohydrate metabolism. In planta gene expression profiling indicated that five in vitro secreted proteins were expressed in distinct patterns by S. scitamineum during different stages of infection with relatively higher expression at 1 day after inoculation, suggesting that these proteins could be aiding S. scitamineum at early time points in penetration and colonisation of sugarcane cells. The present study has provided insights into the alterations occurring in the secretome of S. scitamineum at in vitro conditions and has resulted in the identification of secretory proteins that are possibly associated with pathogenicity of the sugarcane smut fungus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barnabas
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India.
authors.forename: N M R
authors.initials: NMR
authors.lastname: Ashwin
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India.
authors.forename: Kalimuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaverinathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Trentin
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pivato
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India. Electronic address: rameshsundar_sbi@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Amalraj Ramesh
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sundar
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India.
authors.forename: Palaniyandi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India.
authors.forename: Rasappa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carletti
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Center of Padova University, Via G. Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arrigoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, 44301 Birgunj, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ganesh Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, 44301 Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences & Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, 305-8571 Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Randeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rakwal
mesh_terms: D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D031786:Saccharum / Q000382:microbiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014587:Ustilaginales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: CAZymes; Proteomics; Secretome; Sugarcane; Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis