title: Daily and Seasonal Expression Profile of Serum Melatonin and Its Biosynthesizing Enzyme Genes (tph1, aanat1, aanat2, and hiomt) in Pineal Organ and Retina: A Study under Natural Environmental Conditions in a Tropical Carp, Catla catla.
abstract: The tropical carp Catla catla is gaining importance for the studies of the impact of environmental changes on aquatic animals due to its surface dwelling habitat. To date, no information is available on the transcriptional profile of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes in any tropical carp under either natural or artificial photothermal conditions in pineal and retina. The present study is an attempt to demonstrate the temporal pattern of expression of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (tph1), arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aanat1 and aanat2), and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (hiomt) collectively and simultaneously in pineal organ and retina in tropical fish, C. catla, on a daily and seasonal basis under natural environmental conditions along with the serum melatonin levels. Depending upon the changes of the natural photothermal conditions, in four phases of an annual cycle, the variation and/or shifting of the rhythm parameters of different melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes in these two organs are different. Moreover, relative expression of these genes varies based on tissue and season. The serum melatonin levels correspond to the expression pattern of pineal aanat2 and hiomt. This finding indicates a possible organization of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes with reproductive phases differently in these two photoreceptive organs for maintaining its physiological functions.
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Chongtham
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rajiv
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Haobijam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanjita Devi
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Gopinath
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Zeeshan Ahmad
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Thangal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yumnamcha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Rupjyoti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bharali
authors.affiliation: Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India.
authors.forename: Asamanja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chattoraj
mesh_terms: D000121:Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D047068:Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004777:Environment; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000201:enzymology; D012160:Retina / Q000201:enzymology; D012621:Seasons; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D000121:Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase; D047068:Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D008550:Melatonin