title: Dietary Fatty Acids and Changes in Blood Lipids during Adolescence: The Role of Substituting Nutrient Intakes.
abstract: The relevance of dietary fatty acids (FA) for blood lipids should be assessed in the context of substituting nutrients. Such evidence is lacking for adolescents. This study describes prospective associations of dietary FA with changes in serum lipids during adolescence, and considers the theoretical isocaloric replacements of saturated FA (SFA) with other FA or carbohydrates (CHO). Children from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts, with data on FA intakes (at age 10 years) and serum lipids (at age 10 and 15 years), were included (n= 1398). Associations of SFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA),n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) andn-6 PUFA, with changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), and total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TOTAL:HDL), were assessed by linear regression. Substitution models assessed isocaloric replacements of SFA with MUFA,n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA or CHO. Higher SFA intakes were associated with decreasing TAG. No associations were observed for fatty acid intakes with LDL, HDL or TOTAL:HDL. In females, replacing SFA with CHO was associated with increasing LDL, TAG and TOTAL:HDL. Our findings confirm observations in adults, although sex-specific determinants seem relevant in our adolescent population. Overlooking the nutrient context when limiting SFA intakes might have detrimental consequences appreciable as early as adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. carla.harris@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: DONALD Study, IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany. buyken@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buyken
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany. sibylle.koletzko@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany. avb.rodehorst@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany. berdel.vonberg@t-online.de.
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.affiliation: IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. tamara.schikowski@iuf-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schikowski
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany. Berthold.Koletzko@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. heinrich@helmholtz-muenchen.de.|Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany. heinrich@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. marie.standl@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Standl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: adolescence; carbohydrates; diet; epidemiology; fatty acids; isocaloric substitution; lipids