title: Position statement of the Brazilian Academy of Rhinology on the use of antihistamines, antileukotrienes, and oral corticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory sinonasal diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses are very prevalent in the general population, resulting in marked loss of quality of life in affected patients, as well as significant work, leisure, and social activity losses. These patients require specific and specialized treatment. A wide range of oral medications are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present document is aimed to clarify, for professionals treating patients with inflammatory sinonasal diseases, both specialists and general practitioners, specific oral therapies in noninfectious nasal inflammatory conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methodology used to create this article included the search for the key words: oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, antileukotrienes, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases in the last 5 years. Since no relevant article was found for the text on the subject of interest in the last 5 years, the search was extended for another 5 years, and so on, according to the authors' needs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relevant literature was found regarding the use of antihistamines, antileukotrienes and oral corticosteroids in these conditions. The Brazilian Academy of Rhinology emphasizes, after extensive discussion by the collegiate, key points in the treatment with these drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is support in the literature for the use of these drugs; however, final considerations about the role of each of them have been made.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ominon@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Olavo de Godoy
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Mion
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Ferreira de
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Lorena
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilvano Alves de
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Washington Luiz de Cerqueira
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilma Teresinha
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Anselmo-Lima
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Lopes Balsalobre
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jair de
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carvalho E Castro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Eustáquio Dos Santos
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Faculdade de Medicina, Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus Miranda
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lessa
authors.affiliation: Hospital Instituto Paranaense de Otorrinolaringologia, Centro de Rinite e Alergia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Fabrício
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Maniglia
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Campos
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shirley Shizue Nagata
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pignatari
authors.affiliation: Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Faculdade de Medicina, Otorrinolaringologia, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Othorhinolaryngology, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roithmann
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Ciências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrizio Ricci
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo de Paula
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco César Jorge Dos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D000208:Acute Disease; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001938:Brazil; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists
keywords: Antagonistas de leucotrieno; Anti-histamínicos; Antihistamines; Glicocorticoides; Glucocorticoids; Leukotriene antagonists; Rhinitis; Rhinosinusitis; Rinites; Rinossinusites