title: Biodegradation Mechanisms of Patulin in Candida guilliermondii: An iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis.
abstract: Patulin, a potent mycotoxin, contaminates fruits and derived products worldwide, and is a serious health concern. Several yeast strains have shown the ability to effectively degrade patulin. However, the mechanisms of its biodegradation still remain unclear at this time. In the present study, biodegradation and involved mechanisms of patulin by an antagonistic yeastCandida guilliermondiiwere investigated. The results indicated thatC. guilliermondiiwas capable of not only multiplying to a high population in medium containing patulin, but also effectively reducing patulin content in culture medium. Degradation of patulin byC. guilliermondiiwas dependent on the yeast cell viability, and mainly occurred inside cells. E-ascladiol was the main degradation product of patulin. An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that the responses ofC. guilliermondiito patulin were complex. A total of 30 differential proteins involved in 10 biological processes were identified, and more than two-thirds of the differential proteins were down-accumulated. Notably, a short-chain dehydrogenase (gi|190348612) was markedly induced by patulin at both the protein and mRNA levels. Our findings will provide a foundation to help enable the commercial development of an enzyme formulation for the detoxification of patulin in fruit-derived products.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. cy123898@163.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. cy123898@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. huaimin1216@163.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. huaimin1216@163.com.
authors.forename: Huai-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. wangxiao2@ibcas.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. wangxiao2@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. bqli@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Bo-Qiang
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mlong@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Man-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. tsp@ibcas.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. tsp@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shi-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019295:Computational Biology; D030562:Databases, Protein; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005663:Furans / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010365:Patulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005663:Furans; C038422:ascladiol; D010365:Patulin; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Penicillium; contamination; detoxification; mycotoxins; patulin; yeast