title: Bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in hand osteoarthritis are associated with pain and interact with synovitis.
abstract: To determine the association between bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and (teno)synovitis as assessed on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with pain in hand osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  
  In 105 consecutive primary hand OA patients (83% women, mean age 59 years), who were diagnosed by rheumatologists and included in the HOSTAS (Hand OSTeoArthritis in Secondary care) cohort, contrast enhanced MR imaging of right distal and proximal interphalangeal joints were obtained. In 92 patients joint site specific pain upon palpation was assessed within 3 weeks of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. MR features were scored (0-3) following the Oslo hand OA score: BMLs, synovitis, cysts, flexor tenosynovitis (FTS). Additionally, extensor tendon inflammation (ETI) (0-3) was scored. Odds ratios (OR, 95% confidence interval (CI)) were calculated using generalized estimating equations for MR features with joint pain, adjusted for putative confounders. Stratified analyses were performed to investigate interaction.
  
  
  
  BMLs, synovitis, cysts, FTS and ETI were demonstrated in 56%, 90%, 22%, 16% and 30% of patients, respectively. BMLs (grade 2/3 vs 0: 3.5 (1.6-7.7)) and synovitis (3 vs 0: OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.9-6.6)) were severity-dependent associated with joint pain, but FTS and ETI were not. Stratified analyses showed that BMLs did not associate with pain in the absence of synovitis, whereas synovitis was associated with pain in the absence of BMLs. Interaction was seen between BMLs and synovitis grade 2 or 3.
  
  
  
  In hand OA patients severe synovitis is associated with joint pain, which is worsened when BMLs co-occur, suggesting synovitis as primary target of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Damman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reijnierse
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bloem
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.kloppenburg@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kloppenburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013585:Synovitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Bone marrow lesions; Hand; MR imaging; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Synovitis