title: Maxillofacial Injuries Related to the Syrian War in the Civilian Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Injured Syrian patients are commonly transferred to local hospitals and field clinics immediately after being injured. Since February 2011, more than 2,000 injured Syrian patients have been transferred to and treated in northern Israeli medical centers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiology and general nature of the injuries, with special attention to maxillofacial (MF) injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical files of all injured Syrian patients who were treated in 2 major medical centers in northern Israel from December 2012 through December 2015 were reviewed. Computerized data were collected and analyzed based on the cause of injury, anatomic location, Injury Severity Score (ISS) at admission, hospitalization duration, and duration in the intensive care unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort included 227 patients (204 male [90%], 23 female [10%]; mean age, 24.5 ± 11 yr). The median calculated ISS was 20.6 ± 13.9. The mean interval from injury to recorded admission time was 86.37 hours. Fifty patients had MF injuries (22%). Of these, 45 were adults (44 men, 6 women). Patients' age ranged from 16 to 27.3 years. The mean interval from injury to time of admission was 24 hours and the mean ISS on admission was 24.5 ± 12.7, which was significantly higher than the overall ISS (median, 24.5 vs 16; P = .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several features observed in the present study had a direct effect on treatment quality and success. Those features included delay from injury to hospital admission; lack of body armor protection, including helmets, which explained the high prevalence of MF injuries; and the multiple sites of injury.
authors.affiliation: Head of Surgery and Department, Rambam Medical Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahouth
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel. Electronic address: yasmen.ghantous@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yasmine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ghantous
authors.affiliation: Head, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachmiel
authors.affiliation: Intern, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Omri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amodi
authors.affiliation: Head, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Galilee, Israel.
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abu-Elnaaj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013593:Syria; D000067398:War-Related Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult