title: Short-term treatment with flumazenil restores long-term object memory in a mouse model of Down syndrome.
abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic cause of intellectual disability yet no pro-cognitive drug therapies are approved for human use. Mechanistic studies in a mouse model of DS (Ts65Dn mice) demonstrate that impaired cognitive function is due to excessive neuronal inhibitory tone. These deficits are normalized by chronic, short-term low doses of GABAAreceptor (GABAAR) antagonists in adult animals, but none of the compounds investigated are approved for human use. We explored the therapeutic potential of flumazenil (FLUM), a GABAAR antagonist working at the benzodiazepine binding site that has FDA approval. Long-term memory was assessed by the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) testing in Ts65Dn mice after acute or short-term chronic treatment with FLUM. Short-term, low, chronic dose regimens of FLUM elicit long-lasting (>1week) normalization of cognitive function in both young and aged mice. FLUM at low dosages produces long lasting cognitive improvements and has the potential of fulfilling an unmet therapeutic need in DS.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. Electronic address: colas@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colas
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. Electronic address: bayara@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Bayarsaikhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chuluun
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. Electronic address: Craig-Curtis.Garner@dzne.de.
authors.forename: Craig C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. Electronic address: HCHeller@Stanford.edu.
authors.forename: H Craig
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D005442:Flumazenil
keywords: GABA; Learning disability; Long-term memory; Neuronal plasticity; Novel object recognition; Ts65Dn