title: The association between coenzyme Q10 concentrations in follicular fluid with embryo morphokinetics and pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study seeks to evaluate the association between follicular fluid (FF) coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels, embryo morphokinetics, and pregnancy rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty infertile patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were included in the study. For each patient, CoQ10 level of the follicular fluid was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography system. After the ICSI of each oocyte, the relationship between the level of CoQ10 content of each follicular fluid, the subsequent embryo quality, and embryo morphokinetics was investigated. The relationship between the level of CoQ10 content of each follicle and optimal time-lapse parameters for the embryos of these follicles including t5, s2, and cc2 was also analyzed. The embryos were further classified into four categories, namely, grades A, B, C, and D, according to morphokinetic parameters using t5-t2 and t5-t3 (cc3). Each follicular fluid analysis was performed for a single oocyte of a single embryo which was transferred to the patients. Additionally, follicular fluid CoQ10 levels and pregnancy rates were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follicular fluid CoQ10 levels were significantly higher in grades A and B than grades C and D embryos (p < 0.05). The concentration of CoQ10 levels was significantly higher in the pregnant group (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between optimal t5 and s2 morphokinetic parameters and CoQ10 levels. However, CoQ10 levels were significantly higher in follicular fluid of embryos which had optimal cc2 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High follicular fluid CoQ10 level is associated with optimal embryo morphokinetic parameters and higher pregnancy rates.
authors.affiliation: In Vitro Fertilization Centre, Izmir Medical Park Hospital, Karsiyaka, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akarsu
authors.affiliation: In Vitro Fertilization Centre, Izmir Medical Park Hospital, Karsiyaka, Turkey. funda.gode@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gode
authors.affiliation: In Vitro Fertilization Centre, Izmir Medical Park Hospital, Karsiyaka, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Zeki
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeliha Günnur
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatics, Izmir Medical Park Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Agah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tekindal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014451:Ubiquinone; C024989:coenzyme Q10
keywords: Assisted reproduction; Coenzyme Q10; Embryo morphokinetics; Follicular fluid; Pregnancy rate