title: Interleukin-6 as possible early marker of stress response after femoral fracture.
abstract: Bone fracture healing is a complex process which at best results in full recovery of function and structure of injured bone tissue, but all the mechanisms involved in this process, and their mutual interaction, are not fully understood. Despite advancement of surgical procedures, this type of fractures is still a major public health concern. In the last few decades, a lot of attention is focused on the oxygen-free radicals and inflammatory response markers as important factors of skeletal injury. Thus, the aim of the present study was to follow the changes in redox balance and inflammatory response in elderly patients with femoral fractures during the earliest stages of fracture healing, by measuring the values of the observed markers immediately after fracture, as well as the first, third, and seventh postoperative day. Present study was performed on a group of 65 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, recruited from the Orthopedic Clinic, Clinical Centre Kragujevac in the period from February to May 2015. Redox status was measured spectrophotometrically and evaluated by measuring the levels of index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), nitrite (NO2-), superoxide anion radical (O2-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plasma, while activities of corresponding antioxidative enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in erythrocytes. The cytokine concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined in plasma, using ELISA assays specific for human cytokines. Our study showed that redox status and TNF-α in elderly patients with femoral fractures did not show statistically significant changes during the early phase of fracture healing. On the other hand, IL-6 increased statistically in first day after intervention. This preliminary study has shown our observations, and we hope that these results may help in better understanding mechanisms which are included at fracture healing. More importantly, this study attempted to create a platform for further research.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Podgorica, Montenegro.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pesic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeremic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zivkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Srejovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vranic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradic
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ristic
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matic
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prodanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia. drvladakgbg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009573:Nitrites; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides
keywords: Antioxidative enzymes; Femoral fracture; Interleukin-6; Oxidative stress; Redox status; Tumor necrosis factor alpha