title: Dengue virus and malaria concurrent infection among febrile subjects within Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria.
abstract: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of public health importance. It is caused by four serotypes of Dengue virus (i.e, DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). As a result of practices that are conducive for mosquito breading, its vector is widespread in Nigeria and this could result to possible DENV outbreaks in Nigeria and beyond. This study aimed to assess the recency of DENV infection as well as occurrence of DENV and Malaria co-infections within Ilorin, Nigeria. Blood samples were obtained from 176 febrile subjects and analyzed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the presence of DENV antibodies. Malaria infection was detected using a rapid diagnostic test kit for malaria parasites. Malaria and DENV (IgM positive) co-infected samples were further subjected to RT-qPCR analysis. A seroprevalence of 46.0% was recorded for anti-DENV IgM antibodies and 2.84% for concurrent Dengue and malaria infections. Out of 95 IgM negative samples, 48 were found to be positive for DENV IgG antibodies. Eleven (6.25%) samples were confirmed DENV positive following RT-qPCR. The CT values of the amplicons were between 19.0 and 20.0. DENV serotype 2 dominated the study, while serotype 3 and 4 were equally distributed. Based on the high seroprevalence of DENV obtained in this study, there is a high possibility of experiencing Dengue virus outbreak in Ilorin, Nigeria, not neglecting the fast geographical spread of the vector. Therefore, surveillance and intensive vector control program should be instituted.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olatunji Matthew
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Kolawole
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adebimpe Adetola
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Seriki
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ahmad Adebayo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1779-9571
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Irekeola
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kizito Eneye
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Oluwapelumi Olufemi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0848-5917
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Adeyemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003715:Dengue / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: RNA extraction; flavivirus; immunoglobulin; seroprevalence