title: Mycobacterium bovis in a European bison (Bison bonasus) raises concerns about tuberculosis in Brazilian captive wildlife populations: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important worldwide zoonosis and has been reported to cause clinical disease in several animal species, including captive wildlife. This report describes a case of M. bovis infection in a European bison from a Brazilian zoo and compiles a number of literature reports that raise concern regarding tuberculosis among captive wildlife in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 13 year-old captive-born male bison (Bison bonasus) from a Brazilian zoo began presenting weight loss, diarrhea and respiratory symptoms, which inevitably led to his death. At the animal's necropsy, inspection of the thoracic and abdominal cavities revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes, ranging from 4 to 10 cm, and pulmonary nodules containing caseous masses with firm white materials consistent with mineralization. Histopathology findings showed a significant amount of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli compatible with Mycobacterium spp. Specimens from lymph nodes and lungs were cultured on Petragnani and Stonebrink media, and specific PCR assays of the bacterial isolate identified it as M. bovis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The European bison reported herein died from a severe form of disseminated tuberculosis caused by M. bovis. A review of the available literature indicates possible widespread occurrence of clinical disease caused by M. bovis or M. tuberculosis affecting multiple animal species in Brazilian wildlife-related institutions. These likely underestimated numbers raise concern regarding the control of the disease in captive animal populations from Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Kraemer
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Zimpel
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-060, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Sperotto
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Francisco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Souza Filho
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-060, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexander Welker
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Biondo
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-060, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Perotta
authors.affiliation: Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04014-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Corsi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pesquisa e Conservação da Fauna-Zoológico Municipal de Curitiba, Rua João Miqueletto, s/n, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81860-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonat
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Soares Ferreira
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Eduardo
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Bryan
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil. anamarcia@usp.br.|Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil. anamarcia@usp.br.
authors.forename: Ana Marcia Sa
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guimaraes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000382:microbiology*; D016164:Bison / Q000382:microbiology*; D001938:Brazil; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Bison; Captive animals; Mycobacterium bovis; Tuberculosis; Zoo