title: An online SPE LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of antibiotics in environmental water.
abstract: A fast and simple method for the analysis of 17 commonly used antibiotics in Finland in water samples was developed. The method combines online solid phase extraction using a reusable online trapping column combined with analytical separation on a C18analytical column and detection by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method was fully validated for detection and quantification limits as well as linearity, repeatability, and matrix effects. The method gave an excellent linear response (r2> 0.99) and detection limits for all compounds (1-10 ng-1), except for tetracycline (20 ng l-1) and roxithromycin (50 ng l-1). The repeatability was evaluated at two concentrations, and the values at 5 ng l-1ranged from 5 to 39% and at 100 ng l-1ranged from 3 to 19%. To test the method on real samples at low environmental concentrations, water samples collected from a river receiving discharges from two wastewater treatment plants were analyzed as well as samples from a pristine river. Seven antibiotics as well as carbamazepine were detected in the samples. The concentration of the compounds ranged from 5 to 81 ng l-1.
authors.affiliation: Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, FI-20500, Turku, Finland. ameierjo@abo.fi.
authors.forename: Meierjohann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Axel
authors.affiliation: Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kortesmäki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ewelina
authors.affiliation: Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Brozinski
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jenny-Maria
authors.affiliation: Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kronberg
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leif
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005387:Finland; D009862:Online Systems; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Environment; Macrolides; River; Sulfonamides; Surface water