title: Inhibitory Effects of Emodin, Thymol, and Astragalin on Leptospira interrogans-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Uterine and Endometrium Epithelial Cells of Mice.
abstract: Leptospirosis is a systemic infection that causes, among others, acute kidney injury, acute liver disease, muscle pain, vasculitis, bleeding disorders, and reproductive loss. In an effort to reduce uterine inflammatory responses induced by Leptospira, we evaluated the anti-inflammation effects of emodin, thymol, and astragalin in a mouse model. Our results showed that treatment with emodin, thymol, and astragalin alleviated uterine inflammation induced by leptospira infection via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and prevented tissue damage. Furthermore, we used primary endometrium epithelial cells to show that treatment with these chemicals inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot results showed that these chemicals suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results indicate that treatment with emodin, thymol, and astragalin suppressed inflammatory response by regulating NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in leptospira-infected uterine and endometrium epithelial cells of mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Naisheng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China. ygcao82@jlu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China. ygcao82@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yongguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D044949:Kaempferols; D016328:NF-kappa B; D013943:Thymol; C001579:astragalin; D004642:Emodin
keywords: astragalin; emodin; inflammatory; leptospira; thymol