title: Relation between psychotic symptoms, parental care and childhood trauma in severe mental disorders.
abstract: A relation between different types of parental care, trauma in childhood and psychotic symptoms in adulthood has been proposed. The nature of this association is not clear and if it is more related to psychotic disorders per se or to a cluster of symptoms such as positive psychotic symptoms remains undefined. We have analysed the presence of childhood trauma using the CTQ scale and types of parental care using the PBI scale in three groups of subjects: borderline personality disorder patients (n=36), first psychotic episode patients (n=61) and healthy controls (n=173). Positive psychotic symptomatology was assessed with the CAPE scale. General linear models were used to study the relation between positive psychotic symptomatology and variables of interest. BPD patients had the highest rate of any kind of trauma, followed by FEP patients. We found a positive relationship between psychotic symptomatology and the existence of trauma in childhood in all groups. Moreover, an affectionless control rearing style was directly associated with the existence of trauma. Furthermore, subjects with trauma presented less probability of having an optimal parenting style in childhood. The relation between psychotic symptoms and trauma remained statistically significant after adjusting for other variables including parental rearing style. There seems to be a link between trauma in childhood and psychotic symptomatology across different populations independently of psychiatric diagnosis. Taking into account that there is an association between trauma and psychosis and that trauma is a modifiable factor, clinicians should pay special attention to these facts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: ana.catalanalcantara@osakidetza.eus.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Virxina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Angosto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Maider Gonzalez
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Artaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sesma
authors.affiliation: Avances Médicos S.A. Santurtzi, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maruottolo
authors.affiliation: Avances Médicos S.A. Santurtzi, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galletero
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Basurto University Hospital, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Childhood trauma; Parenting rearing style; Psychosis; Severe mental disorder