title: Social inequalities in tooth loss: A multinational comparison.
abstract: To conduct cross-national comparison of education-based inequalities in tooth loss across Australia, Canada, Chile, New Zealand and the United States.
  
  
  
  We used nationally representative data from Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health; Canadian Health Measures Survey; Chile's First National Health Survey Ministry of Health; US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; and the New Zealand Oral Health Survey. We examined the prevalence of edentulism, the proportion of individuals having <21 teeth and the mean number of teeth present. We used education as a measure of socioeconomic position and measured absolute and relative inequalities. We used random-effects meta-analysis to summarize inequality estimates.
  
  
  
  The USA showed the widest absolute and relative inequality in edentulism prevalence, whereas Chile demonstrated the largest absolute and relative social inequality gradient for the mean number of teeth present. Australia had the narrowest absolute and relative inequality gap for proportion of individuals having <21 teeth. Pooled estimates showed substantial heterogeneity for both absolute and relative inequality measures.
  
  
  
  There is a considerable variation in the magnitude of inequalities in tooth loss across the countries included in this analysis.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hawazin W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Elani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.affiliation: Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: William Murray
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Iris L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mejia
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiangqun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9839-9280
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: disparities; education; epidemiology; public health; tooth loss