title: Reference values for pulmonary diffusing capacity for adult native Finns.
abstract: Measurement standards for pulmonary diffusing capacity were updated in 2005 by the ATS/ERS Task Force. However, in Finland reference values published in 1982 by Viljanen et al. have been used to date. The main aim of this study was to produce updated reference models for single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide for Finnish adults. Single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was measured in 631 healthy non-smoking volunteers (41.5% male). Reference values for diffusing capacity (DLCO), alveolar volume (VA), diffusing capacity per unit of lung volume (DLCO/VA), and lung volumes were calculated using a linear regression model. Previously used Finnish reference values were found to produce too low predicted values, with mean predicted DLCO 111.0 and 104.4%, and DLCO/VA of 103.5 and 102.7% in males and females, respectively. With the European Coalition for Steel and Coal (ECSC) reference values there was a significant sex difference in DLCO/VA with mean predicted 105.4% in males and 92.8% in females (p < .001). New reference values for DLCO, DLCO/VA, VA, vital capacity (VC), inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), and inspiratory capacity (IC) are suggested for clinical use to replace technically outdated reference values for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: a HUCH Heart and Lung Center , Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kainu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Physiology , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland.
authors.forename: Jyri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toikka
authors.affiliation: c Science Service Center , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanninen
authors.affiliation: d Department of Clinical Physiology , Central Finland Health Care District , Jyväskylä , Finland.|e Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Timonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Pulmonary diffusing capacity; pulmonary gas exchange; reference values; respiratory function tests