title: Association Among Father Involvement, Partner Violence, and Paternal Health: UN Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study on Men and Violence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of father involvement on intimate partner violence (IPV) and men's health is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of six aspects of father involvement in delivery and child care, and to explore their individual associations with IPV against women and paternal health in an Asia-Pacific context.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed data from the 2011-2012 UN Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study on Men and Violence, which surveyed >10,000 men from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted in 2016 to examine the associations among father involvement, IPV, and paternal health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample comprised 6,184 men (aged 18-49 years) who had at least one child. The prevalence ranged from 40.0% to 62.9% across different aspects of father involvement. Presence at prenatal visits, taking paternity leave, and helping children with homework were associated with a reduced likelihood of IPV against women (all p<0.05). When possible confounding factors were adjusted for, father involvement accounted for 2% of the variance of men's perceived health, 4% of depression, and 2% of life satisfaction (all p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Father involvement may be beneficial in reducing IPV and improving paternal health. More family-friendly policies should be adopted by policymakers to promote father involvement throughout pregnancy to improve family well-being and child development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea (Republic of Korea). Electronic address: eklchan@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Ko Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea (Republic of Korea).
authors.forename: Clifton R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: What Works to Prevent Violence against Women and Girls, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fulu
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tolman
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D038622:Internationality; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010219:Papua New Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology; D014480:United Nations