title: Extraction, preparation and application of pigments from Cordyline fruticosa and Hylocereus polyrhizus as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells.
abstract: Current study employs mixture of chlorophyll-anthocyanin dye extracted from leaves of Cordyline fruticosa as new sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), as well as betalains dye obtained from fruit of Hylocereus polyrhizus. Among ten pigments solvents, the ethanol and methanol extracts revealed higher absorption spectra of pigments extracted from C. fruticosa and H. polyrhizus respectively. A major effect of temperature increase was studied to increase the extraction yield. The results indicated that extraction temperature between 70 and 80°C exhibited a high dye concentration of each plant than other temperatures. The optimal temperature was around 80°C and there was a sharp decrease of dye concentration at temperatures higher than this temperature. According to experimental results, the conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated by mixture of chlorophyll and anthocyanin dyes from C. fruticosa leaves is 0.5% with short-circuit current (Isc) of 1.3mA/cm-2,open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.62V and fill factor (FF) of 60.16%. The higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC prepared from the extract of H. polyrhizus was 0.16%, with Voc of 0.5V, Isc of 0.4mA/cm-2and FF of 79.16%. The DSSC based betalain dye extracted from fruit of H. polyrhizus shows higher maximum IPCE of 44% than that of the DSSCs sensitized with mixed chlorophyll-anthocyanin dye from C. fruticosa (42%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Electronic address: mamash73@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud A M
authors.initials: MAM
authors.lastname: Al-Alwani
authors.affiliation: Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norasikin A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ludin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abu Bakar
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abd Amir H
authors.initials: AAH
authors.lastname: Kadhum
authors.affiliation: Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kamaruzzaman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sopian
mesh_terms: D029421:Cactaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D031406:Cordyline / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004583:Electrons; D017785:Photons; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012993:Solar Energy; D012997:Solvents; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012997:Solvents; D002734:Chlorophyll; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Anthocyanin; Betalains; Chlorophyll; Cordyline fruticosa; DSSC; Hylocereus polyrhizus; Natural dyes