title: Management of Iatrogenic Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Occurring During Endovascular Treatment of Stroke.
abstract: Traumatic carotid cavernous fistula may occur as a complication of endovascular treatment of acute stroke. We report 3 cases of such lesions. All patients were initially managed conservatively. Two patients have remained asymptomatic. One patient became symptomatic with right eye proptosis, chemosis, and right lateral gaze diplopia 3 weeks post thrombectomy. He underwent endovascular embolization via transfemoral transvenous approach via the inferior ophthalmic vein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: alann@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Enyinna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nwachuku
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Tudor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jovin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jankowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Ashutosh P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ducruet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Carotid-cavernous fistula; Cerebral angiography; Complications; Endovascular; Stroke