title: Friends or Foes? Host defense (antimicrobial) peptides and proteins in human skin diseases.
abstract: Host defense peptides/proteins (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs), are key molecules in the cutaneous innate immune system. AMPs/HDPs historically exhibit broad-spectrum killing activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites. Recently, AMPs/HDPs were shown to have important biological functions, including inducing cell proliferation, migration and differentiation; regulating inflammatory responses; controlling the production of various cytokines/chemokines; promoting wound healing; and improving skin barrier function. Despite the fact that AMPs/HDPs protect our body, several studies have hypothesized that these molecules actively contribute to the pathogenesis of various skin diseases. For example, AMPs/HDPs play crucial roles in the pathological processes of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Thus, AMPs/HDPs may be a double-edged sword, promoting cutaneous immunity while simultaneously initiating the pathogenesis of some skin disorders. This review will describe the most common skin-derived AMPs/HDPs (defensins, cathelicidins, S100 proteins, ribonucleases and dermcidin) and discuss the biology and both the positive and negative aspects of these AMPs/HDPs in skin inflammatory/infectious diseases. Understanding the regulation, functions and mechanisms of AMPs/HDPs may offer new therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of various skin disorders.
authors.affiliation: Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: François
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0588-8315
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niyonsaba
authors.affiliation: Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Medical Services, Institute of Dermatology, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiatsurayanon
authors.affiliation: Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Panjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chieosilapatham
authors.affiliation: Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideoki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D054804:Cathelicidins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D023082:Defensins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D054804:Cathelicidins; D023082:Defensins; D010455:Peptides; D009418:S100 Proteins; C442243:dermcidin; D012260:Ribonucleases; C470000:Ribonuclease 7
keywords: antimicrobial agent; infection; inflammation; skin immunity; therapeutic agent