title: The importance of set up time and temperature in real-time PCR; an essential reminder.
abstract: Non-specific amplification can arise in real-time PCR when temperatures are above 4°C during PCR set up. Pressure of high throughput tests, particularly in a clinical setting, can lead to short cuts being taken during PCR set up.
  
  
  
  This study set out to evaluate the outcome of exposing a real-time PCR assay to increasing durations of room temperature prior to PCR amplification.
  
  
  
  A real-time PCR assay was exposed to increasing durations of room temperature prior to PCR amplification.
  
  
  
  We found that reactions left at room temperature for 30min or more produced non-specific traces in the negative controls which could be mistaken for weak positive traces. In addition we found that the fluorescence of positive control traces was significantly reduced indicating reduced reaction efficiency, however the Ct valves were comparable between all reactions highlighting that control Ct monitoring alone would not have detected this issue.
  
  
  
  This study acts as a reminder for PCR users to set up reactions on ice/chill blocks prior to PCR amplification.
authors.affiliation: West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK. Electronic address: hayley.cassidy@ggc.scot.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.affiliation: West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK. Electronic address: Alasdair.maclean@ggc.scot.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Alasdair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.affiliation: West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK. Electronic address: rory.gunson@ggc.scot.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gunson
mesh_terms: D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Fluorescence; Real-time PCR; Temperature; Time-dependent