title: Aceclofenac cocrystal nanoliposomes for rheumatoid arthritis with better dermatokinetic attributes: a preclinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of present research was to complex aceclofenac with lysine (LYS) and the developed aceclofenac-LYS cocrystal was encapsulated in lipid bilayers of liposomes by employing dual carrier approach for the treatment of pain-related disorders in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The developed carriers were characterized for particle size, drug release, ex vivo and in vivo studies, dermatokinetic modeling, complete freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA rat model, radiant heat tail-flick method, formalin-induced paw-licking model, paw edema model and xylene-induced ear edema model in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The developed nanoliposomes offered nanometric size, controlled drug release and enhanced drug permeation. Further, hydrogel incorporated nanoproduct was found to be rheologically acceptable and substantially compatible with rodent skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies indicated the superiority of LYS-conjugated liposome-entrapped nanocarriers for improved management of conditions like RA over the marketed product.
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India.
authors.forename: Gajanand
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India.
authors.forename: Mandeep Kaur
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India.
authors.forename: Namarta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapil
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India.
authors.forename: Neeraj Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Distt Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305 817 India.
authors.forename: Kaisar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India.
authors.forename: Vijay G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Goni
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs & Clinical Research Department, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Mumbai, 400 067 India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pareek
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India.
authors.forename: Om Prakash
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Katare
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014992:Xylenes / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008081:Liposomes; D014992:Xylenes; D004008:Diclofenac; D008239:Lysine; C056498:aceclofenac
keywords: dermatokinetic; lysine; lysine-conjugated liposome; nanoliposomes; rheumatoid arthritis