title: Total esophageal substitution for combined hypopharyngeal and esophageal strictures after corrosive injury in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment of children with esophageal strictures and involvement of the hypopharynx caused by caustic substance ingestion continues to be challenging. The aims of the present study are to describe the peculiarities of the technique of complete esophageal substitution for the treatment of children with severe caustic strictures (pharyngocoloplasties) and to compare the results to those of classical esophagocoloplasty with thoracic and abdominal esophageal substitution in another group of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 258 children underwent colon interposition for esophageal replacement. Among these patients, 19 had complex esophageal caustic strictures involving the high level of the esophagus and hypopharynx without response to endoscopic dilatations. This group was compared with another group who required partial esophagocoloplasty with intact hypopharynx and high esophagus (239 patients). For the pharyngocoloplasty procedure, the transverse and great parts of the right colon were the segments selected for interposition and were maintained by a double vascular pedicle based on the left colic vessels and the marginal paracolic arcade via the sigmoid vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pharyngocoloplasty group, 9 patients (47.4%) presented with cervical anastomosis stenosis with episodes of aspiration pneumonia, although good responses to endoscopic dilatation treatments were observed. All patients survived. In the esophagocoloplasty group, the main complications were cervical leaking (18.0%) and stenosis (16.7%). Statistical comparisons revealed that the pharyngocoloplasty patients exhibited a lower incidence of cervical leakage and increased incidences of cervical stenosis and aspiration pneumonia, although all patients could swallow normally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharyngocoloplasty with complete esophageal substitution is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of esophageal caustic strictures with severe stenoses reaching the hypopharynx that are refractory to previous endoscopic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Aoun
authors.initials: ACA
authors.lastname: Tannuri
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: uenist@usp.br.
authors.forename: Uenis
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tannuri
mesh_terms: D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002424:Caustics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000637:transplantation*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D004106:Dilatation; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery*; D004944:Esophagoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000293:injuries
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics
keywords: Anastomotic dehiscence; Caustic ingestion; Caustic stricture; Children; Esophagocoloplasty; Pharyngocoloplasty