title: To use or not to use? Compulsive behavior and its role in smartphone addiction.
abstract: Global smartphone penetration has led to unprecedented addictive behaviors. To develop a smartphone use/non-use pattern by mobile application (App) in order to identify problematic smartphone use, a total of 79 college students were monitored by the App for 1 month. The App-generated parameters included the daily use/non-use frequency, the total duration and the daily median of the duration per epoch. We introduced two other parameters, the root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) and the Similarity Index, in order to explore the similarity in use and non-use between participants. The non-use frequency, non-use duration and non-use-median parameters were able to significantly predict problematic smartphone use. A lower value for the RMSSD and Similarity Index, which represent a higher use/non-use similarity, were also associated with the problematic smartphone use. The use/non-use similarity is able to predict problematic smartphone use and reach beyond just determining whether a person shows excessive use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate School of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P-H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Division of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: L-R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C C H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T B J
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D003192:Compulsive Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications; D000068997:Smartphone; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult