title: A method for the analysis of sugars in biological systems using reductive amination in combination with hydrophilic interaction chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: Separation of sugar isomers extracted from biological samples is challenging because of their natural occurrence as alpha and beta anomers and, in the case of hexoses, in their pyranose and furanose forms. A reductive amination method was developed for the tagging of sugars with the aim of it becoming part of a metabolomics work flow. The best separation of the common hexoses (glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose) was achieved when2H5-aniline was used as the tagging reagent in combination with separation on a ZICHILIC column. The method was used to tag a range of sugars including pentoses and uronic acids. The method was simple to perform and was able to improve both the separation of sugars and their response to electrospray ionisation. The method was applied to the profiling of sugars in urine where a number of hexose and pentose isomers could be observed. It was also applied to the quantification of sugars in post-mortem brain samples from three control samples and three samples from individuals who had suffered from bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bawazeer
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; Thi-Qar University, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhsen Ali
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Aliyah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhawiti
authors.affiliation: WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
authors.forename: Abedawn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.affiliation: WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Jonans
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tusiimire
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK. Electronic address: d.g.watson@strath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000586:Amination; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007536:Isomerism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000073893:Sugars / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000073893:Sugars; C023650:aniline
keywords: High resolution mass spectrometry; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography; Monosaccharides; Reductive amination