title: Sex-gender-related therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.
abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with micro- and macrovascular complications and is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are among the most important causes of death in diabetic patients. Interestingly, several sex-gender differences have been reported to significantly impact in the pathophysiology of diabetes. In particular, sex-gender differences have been reported to affect diabetes epidemiology, risk factors, as well as cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. This suggests that different therapeutic approaches are needed for managing diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications in men and women. In this review, we will discuss about the sex-gender differences that are known to impact on diabetes, mainly focusing on the cardiovascular complications associated with the disease. We will then discuss the therapeutic approaches for managing diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications and how differences in sex-gender can influence the existing therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: icampesi@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Campesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Dipartimento Politiche della Persona, Regione Basilicata, Italy. Electronic address: franconi@iol.it.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franconi
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi Salute di Genere, AUSL3, Pistoia, Italy. Electronic address: gseghieri@tin.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seghieri
authors.affiliation: BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: marco.meloni@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meloni
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular complications; Diabetes mellitus; Risk factors; Sex-gender differences; Therapeutic approaches