title: A pilot study exploring the association of morphological changes with 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical and pharmacological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have suggested that the serotonergic systems are involved in the pathogenesis, while structural imaging studies have found some neuroanatomical abnormalities in OCD patients. In the etiopathogenesis of OCD, few studies have performed concurrent assessment of genetic and neuroanatomical variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a two-way ANOVA between a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene and gray matter (GM) volumes in 40 OCD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that relative to the HCs, the OCD patients showed significant decreased GM volume in the right hippocampus, and increased GM volume in the left precentral gyrus. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD patients had a statistical tendency of stronger effects on the right frontal pole than those in HCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that the neuroanatomical changes of specific GM regions could be endophenotypes of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuyasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.affiliation: Kurume University Graduate School of Psychology, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.|Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanba
keywords: 5-HTTLPR; Frontal pole; Hippocampus; Imaging genetics; Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); Precentral gyrus; Serotonin transporter gene; Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)