title: Elevated Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Related to Cognitive Deterioration in an Elderly Japanese Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between serum uric acid (UA) levels and cognitive function is controversial since UA can be a risk factor for cerebral ischemia as well as acting as a neuroprotective antioxidant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 228 elderly participants and examined neuropsychological test results, clinical data as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 64 participants were diagnosed with cognitive deterioration. To control for the effect of sex differences, 2 independent sets of single-variable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with quartiles divided into non-sex-specific and sex-specific cutoff values for UA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In non-sex-specific quartiles, the participants in the highest quartiles of UA levels were found to be at a significantly higher risk of cognitive deterioration than those in the lowest quartiles. In sex-specific quartiles, the highest quartile showed an increased risk of cognitive deterioration, and a greater than fourfold increase in the risk in the highest quartiles was confirmed using multivariate regression models. However, no significant association was observed between serum UA levels and the presence of white matter lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum UA levels were independently associated with cognitive deterioration. UA might have unknown adverse effects on cognitive function, other than causing vascular pathology.
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Systems, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Support Center, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kurumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Clinical Research Support Center, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwata
keywords: Cognitive deterioration; Dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Risk factor; Uric acid; White matter lesion