title: Effect of unconventional oilseeds (safflower, poppy, hemp, camelina) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary supplementation with oilseeds can reduce methane emission in ruminants, but only a few common seeds have been tested so far. This study tested safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), poppy (Papaver somniferum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and camelina (Camelina sativa) seeds in vitro using coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) as positive controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the tested oilseeds suppressed methane yield (mL g-1dry matter, up to 21%) compared to the non-supplemented control when provided at 70 g oil kg-1dry matter, and they were as effective as coconut oil. Safflower and hemp were more effective than linseed (21% and 18% vs. 10%), whereas the effects of poppy and camelina were similar to linseed. When methane was related to digestible organic matter, only hemp and safflower seeds and coconut oil were effective compared to the non-supplemented control (up to 11%). The level of methanogenesis and the ratios of either the n-6:n-3 fatty acids or C18:2:C18:3in the seed lipids were not related.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unconventional oilseeds widen the spectrum of oilseeds that can be used in dietary methane mitigation. In vivo confirmation of their methane mitigating effect is still needed, and their effects on animal performance still must be determined. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Shaopu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.affiliation: Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Clinic for Ruminants, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarm
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D031187:Carthamus tinctorius / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010207:Papaver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D008697:Methane
keywords: ammonia; digestibility; fatty acid; lipid; methanogenesis; ruminants