title: Feasibility Study of Utilization of Action Camera, GoPro Hero 4, Google Glass, and Panasonic HX-A100 in Spine Surgery.
abstract: METHODS
  Study for feasibility of commercially available action cameras in recording video of spine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Recent innovation of the wearable action camera with high-definition video recording enables surgeons to use camera in the operation at ease without high costs. The purpose of this study is to compare the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of commercially available action cameras in recording video of spine surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There are early reports of medical professionals using Google Glass throughout the hospital, Panasonic HX-A100 action camera, and GoPro. This study is the first report for spine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three commercially available cameras were tested: GoPro Hero 4 Silver, Google Glass, and Panasonic HX-A100 action camera. Typical spine surgery was selected for video recording; posterior lumbar laminectomy and fusion. Three cameras were used by one surgeon and video was recorded throughout the operation. The comparison was made on the perspective of human factor, specification, and video quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most convenient and lightweight device for wearing and holding throughout the long operation time was Google Glass. The image quality; all devices except Google Glass supported HD format and GoPro has unique 2.7K or 4K resolution. Quality of video resolution was best in GoPro. Field of view, GoPro can adjust point of interest, field of view according to the surgery. Narrow FOV option was the best for recording in GoPro to share the video clip. Google Glass has potentials by using application programs. Connectivity such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enables video streaming for audience, but only Google Glass has two-way communication feature in device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Action cameras have the potential to improve patient safety, operator comfort, and procedure efficiency in the field of spinal surgery and broadcasting a surgery with development of the device and applied program in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Kyu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youngjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeongwoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Doyoung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*