title: Tongue-lip adhesion and tongue repositioning for obstructive sleep apnoea in Pierre Robin sequence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search for studies on tongue-lip adhesion and tongue repositioning used as isolated treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea in children with Pierre Robin sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of PubMed/Medline and three additional databases, from inception through to 8 July 2016, was performed by two authors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies with 90 patients (59 tongue-lip adhesion and 31 tongue repositioning patients) met the inclusion criteria. Tongue-lip adhesion reduced the mean (± standard deviation) apnoea/hypopnoea index from 30.8 ± 22.3 to 15.4 ± 18.9 events per hour (50 per cent reduction). The apnoea/hypopnoea index mean difference for tongue-lip adhesion was -15.28 events per hour (95 per cent confidence interval = -30.70 to 0.15; p = 0.05). Tongue-lip adhesion improved the lowest oxygen saturation from 75.8 ± 6.8 to 84.4 ± 7.3 per cent. Tongue repositioning reduced the apnoea/hypopnoea index from 46.5 to 17.4 events per hour (62.6 per cent reduction). Tongue repositioning improved the mean oxygen saturation from 90.8 ± 1.2 to 95.0 ± 0.5 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tongue-lip adhesion and tongue repositioning can improve apnoea/hypopnoea index and oxygenation parameters in children with Pierre Robin sequence and obstructive sleep apnoea.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Sleep Surgery and Sleep Medicine,Tripler Army Medical Center,Honolulu,Hawaii,USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,Bethesda,Maryland,USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Noller
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine,Stanford Hospital and Clinics,Redwood City,California,USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaghi
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Sleep Surgery and Sleep Medicine,Tripler Army Medical Center,Honolulu,Hawaii,USA.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Reckley
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Sleep Surgery and Sleep Medicine,Tripler Army Medical Center,Honolulu,Hawaii,USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Salvador
authors.affiliation: John A Burns School of Medicine,University of Hawaii,Honolulu,USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine Medical Center,San Francisco,Orange.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology,University of California,San Francisco,USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Obstructive; Operative; Pierre Robin Syndrome; Sleep Apnea; Surgical Procedures; Tongue