title: Differences in Pain Perception Between Men and Women of Reproductive Age: A Laser-Evoked Potentials Study.
abstract: We investigated differences in pain perception between men and women of reproductive age by using Laser-Evoked Potentials (LEPs).
  
  
  
  Forty-four right-handed healthy volunteers (19 males/25 females), aged 30–40 years were studied. A CO2 laser generated three series of 10 thermal pulses (4.5 W) on the radial aspect of the dorsum of the left hand. A recording montage for late LEPs was used, and the potentials of each series of stimuli were averaged to calculate mean latency and amplitude for each subject. Volunteers scored verbally pain intensity (Numerical rating scale [NRS]; 0–10). Three series of 10 numbers were averaged for calculation of mean NRS score.
  
  
  
  LEP peak-to-peak amplitude, latency, and NRS scoring were compared between genders, and correlations between LEP amplitude/latency and NRS scores were assessed.
  
  
  
  Data from 44 subjects were analyzed. LEP amplitudes differed significantly (P < 0.001) between men (24.2 ± 6.0 µV) and women (38.9 ± 15.28 µV), while no difference was found for latency (156.5 ± 8.6 versus 160.4 ± 19.8 ms, P = 0.42) or NRS score (2.6 ± 1.5 versus 2.4 ± 1.4, P = 0.63), respectively. Menstrual cycle phase did not influence LEP parameters (P = 0.59 for amplitude and P = 0.69 for latency) or NRS score (P = 0.95). No significant correlation was found between latency or amplitude and NRS score (P = 0.43 and P = 0.90, respectively).
  
  
  
  Our results demonstrate a significant gender-related difference in LEP amplitudes with lower mean values in men, while no difference was found in LEP latencies or in subjective pain ratings. Further research is required to clarify the clinical significance of the above experimental findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Chryssoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staikou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kokotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyrozis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rallis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makrydakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karandreas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elefterios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stamboulis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moschovos
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Argyro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fassoulaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066331:Laser-Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Laser-Evoked Potentials; Genders; Pain; Reproductive Age