title: Comparison of the effects on the pharyngeal airway space of maxillary protraction appliances according to the methods of anchorage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study is to compare the effects on the pharyngeal airway space of skeletal anchored face mask with those of tooth-borne facemask.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used two types of facemask for maxillary protraction, the tooth-borne facemask (TBFM) and the skeletal anchored facemask (SAFM), and evaluated the effects of each facemask on the pharyngeal airway. Twenty-eight patients (mean age 10.3 years) were treated with the TBFM and 24 patients (mean age 11.2 years) were treated with the SAFM. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2) to assess changes in the dimensions of the upper airway. Statistical analysis was performed with independentttests, matchedttests, Mann-WhitneyUtests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were marked increases in upper airway dimensions in both groups following treatment, but the SAFM group had a significantly greater increase in airway dimensions than the TBFM group. Also, the SAFM subgroups showed more improved airway measurements than the TBFM subgroups in both the superior and inferior pharyngeal airways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAFM is more effective than TBFM in increasing upper airway dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Gyo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6097-1322
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han