title: Source-Based Morphometry Multivariate Approach to Analyze [123I]FP-CIT SPECT Imaging.
abstract: [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN®) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is widely used to study neurodegenerative parkinsonism, by measuring presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) in striatal regions. Beyond DAT, [123I]FP-CIT may be considered for other monoaminergic systems, in particular the serotonin transporter (SERT). Independent component analysis (ICA) implemented in source-based morphometry (SBM) could represent an alternative method to explore monoaminergic pathways, studying the relationship among voxels and grouping them into "neurotransmission" networks.
  
  
  
  One hundred forty-three subjects [84 with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 59 control individuals (CG)] underwent DATSCAN® imaging. The [123I]FP-CIT binding was evaluated by multivariate SBM approach, as well as by a whole-brain voxel-wise univariate (statistical parametric mapping, SPM) approach.
  
  
  
  As compared to the univariate whole-brain approach (SPM) (only demonstrating striatal [123I]FP-CIT binding reduction in PD group), SBM identified six sources of non-artefactual origin, including basal ganglia and cortical regions as well as brainstem. Among them, three sources (basal ganglia and cortical regions) presented loading scores (as index of [123I]FP-CIT binding) significantly different between PD and CG. Notably, even if not significantly different between PD and CG, the remaining three non-artefactual sources were characterized by a predominant frontal, brainstem, and occipito-temporal involvement.
  
  
  
  The concept of source blind separation by the application of ICA (as implemented in SBM) represents a feasible approach to be considered in [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN®) SPECT imaging. Taking advantage of this multivariate analysis, specific patterns of variance can be identified (involving either striatal than extrastriatal regions) that could be useful in differentiating neurodegenerative parkinsonisms.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. zedtower@gmail.com.|Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Spedali Civili", Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy. zedtower@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Premi
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garibotto
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turrone
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberici
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cottini
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilotto
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gazzina
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Spedali Civili", Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magoni
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Azienda Ospedaliera "Spedali Civili", Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paghera
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borroni
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padovani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; Source-based morphometry; Statistical parametric mapping; [123I]FP-CIT imaging