title: Structural proteins of Helicoverpa armigera densovirus 2 enhance transcription of viral genes through transactivation.
abstract: Herein, we report the identification of putative promoters for the non-structural proteins (NS) and capsid structural proteins (VP) of Helicoverpa armigera densovirus (HaDV2) as well as a potential mechanism for how these promoters might be regulated. For the first time, we report that VP is able to transactivate the VP promoter and, to a lesser degree, the NS promoter in densoviruses. In addition to this, another promoter-like sequence designated P2, when co-transfected with the VP gene, enhanced luciferase activity by approximately 35 times compared to a control. This suggests that there are two promoters for VP in HaDV2 and that the VP of parvoviruses might play a more important role in viral transcription than previously appreciated.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.|Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Ke Yuan Jing Si Road, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pengjun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Shropshire, UK.
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kaiyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. kmwu@ippcaas.cn.
authors.forename: Kongming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017990:Densovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000821:virology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins