title: Trends in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, France, 2012 to 2014.
abstract: In 2014, a total of 2,976 Enterobacteriaceae isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems were received at the French Associated National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance (NRC) and were characterised for their molecular resistance mechanism to carbapenems and compared with results obtained during 2012 and 2013.The overall number of enterobacterial isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems received at the NRC rapidly increased (more than twofold in two years) with a growing proportion of carbapenemase producers (23.1% in 2012 vs 28.6% in 2013 vs 36.2% in 2014). Between 2012 and 2014, the main carbapenemase type was OXA-48, with an increase in OXA-48 variants (mostly OXA-181) and NDM producers, whereas the number KPC producers decreased. We identified a potential spread of OXA-181 producers in the tropical region of Africa. Finally, OXA-48 and OXA-48-related enzymes remained the predominant carbapenemases in France. The number of carbapenemase-producing Escherischia coli isolates was multiplied by fivefold between 2012 and 2014, suggesting a possible dissemination in the community.
authors.affiliation: Associated National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.|Faculty of Medecine, South-Paris University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.|Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique / Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.|Pasteur Institute, Ecology and evolution of resistance to antibiotics unit, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dortet
authors.affiliation: Associated National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.|Faculty of Medecine, South-Paris University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.|Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique / Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.|Pasteur Institute, Ecology and evolution of resistance to antibiotics unit, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuzon
authors.affiliation: The French Public Health Agency, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ponties
authors.affiliation: Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.|European INSERM Laboratory (LEA, IAME), Medical and Molecular Microbiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.|University of Lausanne, Institute for Microbiology, University hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase
keywords: K. pneumoniae; KPC; NDM; OXA-181; OXA-48; multidrug resistance, France