title: Ecological Assessment of Everyday Executive Functioning at Home and at School Following Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury Using the BRIEF Questionnaire.
abstract: To describe dysexecutive symptoms in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF); to compare parent- and teacher-ratings, to analyze the differential impairment in the BRIEF subscales, and factors influencing outcome.
  
  
  
  Children aged 5 to 18 years 11 months, referred to a rehabilitation department following TBI.
  
  
  
  Parent- and teacher reports of the BRIEF.
  
  
  
  A total of 194 patients participated in the study: mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 12), severe (n = 169); mean 4.92 (standard deviation = 3.94) years post-injury. According to parent ratings (n = 193), all BRIEF subscales and indices were significantly elevated (23.8%-48% in the clinical range). The Working Memory subscale score was significantly higher than all other subscales. Results of teacher ratings (n = 28) indicated similar significantly elevated scores in all subscales (39.3%-57.2% in the clinical range). No significant difference was found between parent and teacher ratings, which were significantly correlated. Regression analyses indicated that, in children with severe TBI, parental BRIEF overall and metacognition indices were significantly predicted by younger age at injury and older age at assessment, whereas no significant predictor of behavioral regulation index was identified.
  
  
  
  This study highlights significant executive dysfunction in everyday life several years after childhood TBI, evident in home and school environments.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Department for Children With Acquired Neurological Injury, Saint Maurice Hospitals, Saint Maurice, France (Dr Chevignard and Mss Mariller, Pineau-Chardon, and Notteghem); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, LIB, Paris, France (Drs Chevignard and Krasny-Pacini); Groupe de Recherche Clinique N°18 Handicap Cognitif et Réadaptation, Paris, France (Dr Chevignard); Outreach Team for Children and Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury, Saint Maurice Hospitals, Saint Maurice, France (Mss Kerrouche and Prodhomme); Institut Universitaire de Réadaptation Clemenceau, Strasbourg, France (Dr Krasny-Pacini); Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Hautepierre, CHU de Strasbourg, France (Dr Krasny-Pacini); Neurosurgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Ms Prodhomme); Psychology Laboratory of Pays de la Loire, Angers University, France (Prof Le Gall and Roy); Université de Savoie, Chambéry, France (Drs Roulin and Fournet); CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France (Drs Roulin and Fournet); and Neurofibromatosis Clinic and Learning Disabilities Reference Center, Nantes University Hospital, France (Prof Roy).
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevignard
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kerrouche
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasny-Pacini
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariller
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pineau-Chardon
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Notteghem
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prodhomme
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roulin
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fournet
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010290:Parents; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires