title: Immunomodulatory Activity of VEGF in Cancer.
abstract: The ability of tumor cells to escape tumor immunosurveillance contributes to cancer development. Factors produced in the tumor microenvironment create "tolerizing" conditions and thereby help the tumor to evade antitumoral immune responses. VEGF-A, already known for its major role in tumor vessel growth (neoangiogenesis), was recently identified as a key factor in tumor-induced immunosuppression. In particular, VEGF-A fosters the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells, limits T-cell recruitment into tumors, and promotes T-cell exhaustion. Antiangiogenic therapies have shown significant efficacy in patients with a variety of solid tumors, preventing tumor progression by limiting tumor-induced angiogenesis. VEGF-targeting therapies have also been shown to modulate the tumor-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing Th1-type T-cell responses and increasing tumor infiltration by T cells. The immunomodulatory properties of VEGF-targeting therapies open up new perspectives for cancer treatment, especially through strategies combining antiangiogenic drugs with immunotherapy. Preclinical models and early clinical studies of these combined approaches have given promising results.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapeyre-Prost
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France. Electronic address: magali.terme@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terme
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et d'oncologie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pernot
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et d'oncologie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pointet
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service de chirurgie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voron
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'immunologie biologique. Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tartour
authors.affiliation: INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et d'oncologie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. Electronic address: julien.taieb@egp.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taieb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
keywords: Antiangiogenic therapy; Cancer; Immunotherapy; PD-1 T cells; Regulatory T cells; Tumor-induced immunosuppression; Vascular endothelial growth factor