title: Evidence for the Involvement of Electrical, Calcium and ROS Signaling in the Systemic Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching and Photosynthesis.
abstract: In contrast to the function of reactive oxygen species, calcium, hormones and small RNAs in systemic signaling, systemic electrical signaling in plants is poorly studied and understood. Pulse amplitude-modulated Chl fluorescence imaging and surface electrical potential measurements accompanied by pharmacological treatments were employed to study stimuli-induced electrical signals in leaves from a broad range of plant species and in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Here we report that rapid electrical signals in response to a local heat stimulus regulate systemic changes in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and PSII quantum efficiency. Both stimuli-induced systemic changes in NPQ and photosynthetic capacity as well as electrical signaling depended on calcium channel activity. Use of an Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD) mutant (rbohD) as well as an RBOH inhibitor further suggested a cross-talk between ROS and electrical signaling. Our results suggest that higher plants evolved a complex rapid long-distance calcium-dependent electrical systemic signaling in response to local stimuli that regulates and optimizes the balance between PSII quantum efficiency and excess energy dissipation in the form of heat by means of NPQ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Białasek
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Górecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittler
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karpiński
keywords: Calcium signaling; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Electrical signals; Photosynthesis; Reactive oxygen species; Systemic acquired acclimation