title: Oxidative stress as a damage mechanism in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes exposed to malathion during in vitro maturation.
abstract: Malathion is one of the most commonly used insecticides. Recent findings have demonstrated that it induces oxidative stress in somatic cells, but there are not enough studies that have demonstrated this effect in germ cells. Malathion impairs porcine oocyte viability and maturation, but studies have not shown how oxidative stress damages maturation and which biochemical mechanisms are affected in this process in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The aims of the present study were to determine the amount of oxidative stress produced by malathion in porcine COCs matured in vitro, to define how biochemical mechanisms affect this process, and determine whether trolox can attenuate oxidative damage. Sublethal concentrations 0, 750, and 1000 µM were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme expressions, reactive oxygen species (ROS production), protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation, among other oxidation products. COCs viability and oocyte maturation decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Malathion increased Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protein level and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) protein level. Species reactives of oxygen (ROS), protein oxidation and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in COCs exposed to the insecticide, but when COCs were pre-treated with the trolox (50 µM) 30 min before and during malathion exposure, these parameters decreased down to control levels. This study showed that malathion has a detrimental effect on COCs during in vitro maturation, inducing oxidative stress, while trolox attenuated malathion toxicity by decreasing oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.|Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, DF, México.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betancourt
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teteltitla
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: González-Márquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Edmundo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular (L-9), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Noguera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: María Concepción
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ruíz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ducolomb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008294:Malathion / Q000633:toxicity*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D008294:Malathion
keywords: in vitro maturation; malathion; oocyte; oxidative stress; porcine; trolox