title: Phycocharax rasbora, a new genus and species of Brazilian tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Tapajós basin.
abstract: A new genus and species of characid fish is described from rio Braço Norte, a tributary of rio Teles Pires, Tapajós basin, Mato Groso, Brazil. The new taxa can be diagnosed from the remaining characids by a unique combination of characters that includes the presence of a single row of relatively compressed premaxillary teeth, large teeth with four to nine cusps on premaxillary and dentary, absence of pseudotympanum, incomplete lateral line with 7-13 pored scales, sexually-dimorphic males with distal margin of anal fin approximately straight, and presence of a nearly triangular and horizontally elongated blotch from the posterior half of the body to caudal peduncle. The most parsimonious phylogenetic hypothesis, using morphological data, recovered the new genus and species in a clade including Paracheirodon axelrodi and Hyphessobrycon elachys.
authors.affiliation: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willian Massaharu
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan Marcos
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mirande
authors.affiliation: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas "Adão José Cardoso", Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Cesar Thadeo
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Lima
mesh_terms: D058500:Animal Fins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D060126:Characidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny