title: Influence of temperature on decay, mycelium development and sporodochia production caused by Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa on stone fruits.
abstract: Brown rot on peaches and nectarines caused by Monilinia spp. results in significant economic losses in Europe. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature (0-33 °C) on the temporal dynamics of decay and mycelium development and the subsequent sporulation on peaches and nectarine fruit infected by M. laxa and M. fructicola. The rates of decay and mycelium development increased with temperature from 0 °C to 25 °C for both Monilinia species. At 0 °C, decay was faster for M. laxa (0.20 cm2days-1) than for M. fructicola (0.07 cm2days-1); indeed, M. laxa was able to develop mycelia and sporodochia, but M. fructicola was not. At 4 and 20 °C, there were no differences in decay and mycelia development between the two Monilinia species. When temperature increased from 25 to 33 °C, the rates of fungal decay and mycelium development decreased. At 30 and 33 °C, M. fructicola decayed faster (0.94 and 1.2 cm2days-1, respectively) than M. laxa (0.78 and 0.74 cm2days-1, respectively) and could develop mycelia and produce sporodochia, whereas M. laxa failed at 33 °C. These results indicated that M. fructicola is better adapted to high temperatures, whereas M. laxa is better adapted to low temperatures. These results can be used to predict the relative importance of the two species during the season at a given site and to improve management strategies for brown rot in areas where both species are present.
authors.affiliation: IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernat
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Avda. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.affiliation: East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK.
authors.forename: X-M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.affiliation: IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: josep.usall@irta.cat.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usall
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005060:Europe; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology; D000068239:Prunus persica / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development
keywords: Brown rot; Development rate; Modelling decay; Stone fruit