title: The Relationship of Exposure to Anesthesia on Outcomes in Children With Isolated Oral Clefts.
abstract: This study evaluated the relationship between exposure to anesthesia and previously identified differences in cognitive functioning, growth, and volumetric brain measures among a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults with isolated oral clefts. Data from a cross-sectional study were combined with a retrospective chart review. Data were obtained for 87 participants with isolated cleft lip and/or palate (55% male), ranging from 7.5 to 27 years old (mean = 15.78, standard deviation = 4.58). Measures of interest included cognitive functioning, growth measures, and brain volumes. Number of surgeries and time under anesthesia were obtained through systematic medical record review. Potential sex and cleft type differences in exposure as well as relationships between anesthesia exposure and outcome measures were evaluated. Participants with isolated cleft lip and palate had more surgeries and were under anesthesia longer. For participants with isolated cleft lip only, more surgeries were correlated to lower verbal IQ and higher frontal lobe volume.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychological & Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Jon W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Peg
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nopoulos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anesthesia; cleft lip and/or palate; magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychology