title: Bioprocessing of common beans in diets for tilapia: in vivo digestibility and antinutritional factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bioprocessing of ingredients by solid-state fermentation is a low-cost technique for preparing diets. It is performed by adding microorganisms such as Rhizopus oligosporus to bean grains, achieving minimal degradation of nutrients and a significant improvement in digestibility. In particular, fermentation induces favorable changes in beans by reducing enzyme inhibitors, such as phytates and tannins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the protein content and digestibility of dry matter and protein compared with whole bean grains, and decreased the content of lipids, ash and phytic acid. Hardening did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect on the chemical content of beans and digestibility of diets. The dehulled bean meal significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein and lipid content and digestibility of dry matter and protein of beans, and decreased fiber, ash and tannin content. The chemical content of beans and digestibility of ingredients compare favorably with those reported by other authors, indicating the benefits of fermentation and dehulling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that bean meal obtained from fermentation or dehulling represents a low-cost alternative for diets for tilapia. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.|Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-4811
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valdez-González
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Dorado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Llamas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Ulloa
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Magaña
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.
authors.forename: Breidy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cuevas-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hervey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017210:Tilapia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D013634:Tannins; D010833:Phytic Acid
keywords: bioprocessing; dehulling; fermented; hardened; phytic acid; tannin