title: Ulnar-sided wrist pain in the athlete (TFCC/DRUJ/ECU).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this manuscript is to review key historic and recent literature regarding extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injuries, particularly in athletes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many recent studies examining the ECU focus on clinical and radiographic diagnosis. Several physical exam findings are described in addition to the use of MRI and US. Imaging studies must be clinically correlated due to high incidence of findings in asymptomatic patients. In regard to the TFCC/DRUJ, there are numerous recent studies that support the use of MRA as an adjunctive diagnostic study. There are also a number of repair constructs that are described for the various different kinds of TFCC pathology reviewed here. In summary, there are a number of options for the diagnosis and treatment of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Patient factors, especially in the athletic population, must be taken into account when approaching any patient with these pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R144, Stanford, CA, 94305-5341, USA.
authors.forename: Eric Quan
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R144, Stanford, CA, 94305-5341, USA. jyao@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
keywords: Athlete; DRUJ; ECU; TFCC; Ulnar wrist pain