title: Lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 influence lipodystrophy in HIV/AIDS patients under antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: The role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy in HIV/AIDS-patients is still not understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of interleukins between HIV/AIDS-patients with or without lipodystrophy, as well as between different subgroups of lipodystrophy (lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy, mixed-fat-redistribution) and patients without lipodystrophy.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study of 66 HIV/AIDS patients, all Caucasians. Serum levels of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) were measured using Cytokine-Array-1 on Evidence Investigator, Biochip Array Technology. The associations between interleukins and anthropometric and metabolic variables were estimated by Spearman-correlation. Analysis of covariance with bootstrapping method (ACBM) was used to examine relationship between interleukins and lipodystrophy categories adjusted for confounding variables.
  
  
  
  The lipodystrophy was observed in 29 (44%) patients, while 15 (52%) had lipoatrophy, 4 (14%) lipohypertrophy and 10 (34%) patients had mixed fat redistribution. There were 37 (56%) patients without lipodystrophy. Significantly lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were observed in lipodystrophy vs. non-lipodystrophy (p=0.008; p=0.027, respectively). No differences were found relating IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in lipodystrophy vs. non-lipodystrophy. In patient subgroup with lipoatrophy, significantly lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were found when compared to non-lipodystrophy (p=0.043; p=0.031, respectively). In lipohypertrophy subgroup significantly lower levels of IL-4 were found when compared to non-lipodystrophy (p=0.003). In order to estimate the correlation of IL-4 and IL-10 and the presence of lipodystrophy, ACBM showed that correlation of IL-4 levels in patients with lipodystrophy remains statistically significant (p=0.004) in all types of lipodystrophy: lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy and mix-fat-redistribution (p=0.027; p=0.009; p=0.017, respectively) after adjustment for age, BMI.
  
  
  
  IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly lower in lipodystrophy vs. non-lipodystrophy. According to our knowledge, we showed for the first time significant correlation between IL-4 levels and lipodystrophy development in HIV/AIDS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: gozza@beotel.net.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dragović
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Božana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dimitrijević
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Al Musalhi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khawla
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soldatović
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andjić
authors.affiliation: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Djordje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jevtović
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Devaki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508584:IL1A protein, human; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: HIV/AIDS patients; IL-10 levels; IL-4 levels; Lipodystrophy; cART