title: Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells by increasing autophagic activity.
abstract: This study sought to explore the effect of staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on autophagy in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and then influence osteogenesis through the change of autophagy. C3H10T1/2 cells were induced by osteogenic medium with the treatment of LTA at different concentrations (1, 5, 10 μg/mL); 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as the autophagy inhibitor, and rapamycin (rapamycin, Rap) were used to activate autophagy; the effects on osteogenesis were detected by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blotting; autophagic activity was investigated by the expression of LC3-Ⅱand p62 proteins. Compared with control group, the expression of osteogenesis markers was significantly up-regulated with the LTA treatment on the mRNA and protein level; the positive rate of alkaline phosphatase was enhanced in the LTA groups; and the formation of calcium nodules was increased simultaneously. The expression of LC3-Ⅱ protein was increased in LTA groups, while the expression of p62 protein was decreased. Inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced the effect of LTA on osteogenesis of MSCs; the promotion of LTA on osteogenic differentiation was further enhanced when adding rapamycin to activate autophagic activity. It provides new insight of prevention and treatment for bone infection.
authors.affiliation: Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: dongshiwu@tmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shiwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: feijundoctor@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fei
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000737:chemistry; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C480860:Map1lc3b protein, mouse; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C493716:Runx2 protein, mouse; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C025946:3-methyladenine; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000225:Adenine; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Autophagy; Lipteichoic acid; Mesenchymal stem cells; Osteogenic differentiation