title: Kinetics of plasma biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury in surgical patients with or without postoperative pulmonary complications.
abstract: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common after major abdominal surgery. The kinetics of plasma biomarkers could improve identification of patients developing PPCs, but the kinetics may depend on intraoperative ventilator settings.
  
  
  
  To test whether the kinetics of plasma biomarkers are capable of identifying patients who will develop PPCs, and whether the kinetics depend on the intraoperative level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
  
  
  
  A preplanned substudy of a randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  
  Operation room of five centres.
  
  
  
  Two hundred and forty-two adult patients scheduled for abdominal surgery at risk of developing PPCs.
  
  
  
  High (12 cmH2O) versus low (≤2 cmH2O) levels of PEEP.
  
  
  
  Individual PPCs were combined as a composite endpoint. Plasma samples were collected before surgery, directly after surgery and on the fifth postoperative day. The levels of the following were measured: tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, the soluble form of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE), Surfactant Protein (SP)-D, Clara Cell protein (CC)-16 and Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL6).
  
  
  
  Blood sampling was complete in 242 patients: 120 patients in the high PEEP group and 122 patients in the low PEEP group. Increases in plasma levels of TNF- IL-6, IL-8 and CC-16, and a decrease in plasma levels of SP-D were greater in patients who developed PPCs; however, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was low for all biomarkers. CC-16 was the only biomarker whose level increased more in patients who had received high levels of PEEP.
  
  
  
  In patients undergoing abdominal surgery and at risk of developing PPCs, plasma levels of biomarkers for inflammation or lung injury showed distinct kinetics with development of PPCs, but none of the biomarkers showed sufficient prognostic value. The use of high levels of PEEP was associated with increased levels of CC-16, suggesting lung overdistension.
  
  
  
  The PROVHILO trial, including this substudy, was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01441791).
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (ASN, PPZAC), the Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (ASN, PPZAC, SNTH, LDB, MJS), the Program of Post-Graduation, Innovation and Research, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (ASN), the Department of Anesthesiology (SNTH, MWH), the Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (LDB, AMTB, MJS), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (TB, AG, TK, MGA), the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (MF), the Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (II, CU), the Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (RL), the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (JS, TNW), the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (DS, MFVM), and the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, IRCCS San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (PP).
authors.forename: Ary
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serpa Neto
authors.forename: Pedro P Z A
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Sabrine N T
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hemmes
authors.forename: Lieuwe D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bluth
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güldner
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hollmann
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: India
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laufenberg-Feldmann
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sulemanji
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Unzueta
authors.forename: Marcos F Vidal
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Toby N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Weingarten
authors.forename: Anita M Tuip-de
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gama de Abreu
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators