title: Clinical and radiographic outcome following immediate loading and delayed loading of single-tooth implants: Randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immediate loading of single implants is generally considered a reliable procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present prospective randomized clinical study was to compare the overall treatment outcome following immediate loading (IL) and delayed loading (DL) of single implants after 1 year of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a missing maxillary tooth (15-25) were randomly assigned to IL or DL. The protocol included implant installation in healed sites, immediate loading, delayed loading, temporary screw-retained restoration, and replacement with a permanent single implant crown. Outcome measures were implant survival, marginal bone level, soft tissue changes, papillae index, pink, and white esthetic score (PES and WES), patient judged aesthetics, and oral health impact profile (OHiP-14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant survival rate was 100% and 96% for IL and DL, respectively. Implant success rate was 96% and 88% for IL and DL, respectively. Statistically significant lower papilla index scores were found in the IL group at temporary crown and definitive crown placement. An overall statistically significant improvement after 12 months for PES, WES and OHIP-14 was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective randomized study showed that single implants in the maxilla can present satisfactory results with respect to either immediate loading or delayed loading after 12 months.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.|Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-4804
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gjelvold
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jenö
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bruno Ramos
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chrcanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.|Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albrektsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
mesh_terms: D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: immediate function; immediate loading; implant; implant survival; implant-supported crown; patient satisfaction; randomized controlled trial