title: Dynamic in-situ sensing of fluid-dispersed 2D materials integrated on microfluidic Si chip.
abstract: In this work, we propose a novel approach for wafer-scale integration of 2D materials on CMOS photonic chip utilising methods of synthetic chemistry and microfluidics technology. We have successfully demonstrated that this approach can be used for integration of any fluid-dispersed 2D nano-objects on silicon-on-insulator photonics platform. We demonstrate for the first time that the design of an optofluidic waveguide system can be optimised to enable simultaneous in-situ Raman spectroscopy monitoring of 2D dispersed flakes during the device operation. Moreover, for the first time, we have successfully demonstrated the possibility of label-free 2D flake detection via selective enhancement of the Stokes Raman signal at specific wavelengths. We discovered an ultra-high signal sensitivity to the xyz alignment of 2D flakes within the optofluidic waveguide. This in turn enables precise in-situ alignment detection, for the first practicable realisation of 3D photonic microstructure shaping based on 2D-fluid composites and CMOS photonics platform, while also representing a useful technological tool for the control of liquid phase deposition of 2D materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.|EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Electromagnetic Metamaterials, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Photonics and Quantum Materials Centre, Nobel Street 3, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dyakov
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorcan J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.|École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Younesy
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.|ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy pr., St.-Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Perova
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.|ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy pr., St.-Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
authors.forename: Yurii K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Gun'ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
authors.forename: Monica F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Craciun
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.|Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldycheva