title: Influence of application sequence and timing of eugenol and lauric arginate (LAE) on survival of spoilage organisms.
abstract: The effectiveness of sequential applications of the antimicrobials eugenol and lauric arginate (LAE) was investigated against Staphylococcus carnosus, Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli K12, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The antimicrobials were applied simultaneously at half of their minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) or sequentially at t = 0 h and t = 3, 4, 6 or 8 h. Bacterial survival was determined by direct plate counts. Survivals kinetic were fitted to a growth and mortality model to obtain characteristic parameters that described time-dependent changes from growth to mortality or vice versa. The most effective was a simultaneous exposure of both antimicrobials to the spoilage organisms at the beginning of the incubation period. Efficiency decreases depending on order and timing of the two antimicrobials were observed upon sequential treatments. These were most effective when antimicrobials where applied within a short time period (3-4 h) and when eugenol was first applied against S. carnosus and P. fluorescens. No sequence effects were observed for L. innocua, and sequential treatments proved to be ineffective against E. coli K12. These results were attributed to cells adapting to the first applied antimicrobial. In some cases, this provided protection against the second antimicrobial rendering the overall treatment less effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Yudith
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manrique
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibis
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: j.weiss@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D008087:Listeria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008954:Models, Biological; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005054:Eugenol; C031371:N(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester; D001120:Arginine
keywords: Ethyl lauroyl arginate; Eugenol; Eugenol (PubChem CID 3314); Growth and mortality model; N(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester monohydrochloride (PubChem CID 188214); Sequential; Survival kinetics