title: Intestine oxidative stress and immune response to sulfide stress in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.
abstract: The effects of sulfide stress on oxidative stress and immune response in intestine of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated in the present study. Oxidative stress parameters, immune enzymes activity and immune gene mRNA expression level were detected in intestine of L. vannamei after the exposure of 5.0 mg/L sulfide stress 72 h. The duration of sulfide stress influenced the shrimp survival, and the cumulative mortality rate was 30.0% and 33.3% at 48 h and 72 h respectively. HE staining showed that sulfide stress caused the intestine tissue damage symptoms. Compared with the control group, after exposed to sulfide stress, the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS production (·O2-generation capacity) increased. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity increased at 6 h and decreased at 48 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the entire experiment. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content increased to the highest at 6 h and 12 h respectively, and both decreased at 48 h. The relative mRNA expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene decreased at 6 h and increased to the highest at 48 h. The relative mRNA expression level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) gene increased at 12 h and decreased to a lower level at 72 h. The relative mRNA expression level of Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) gene increased to the highest at 12 h and 24 h respectively, and both decreased at 48 h. These results revealed that sulfide stress could induce oxidative stress and immune response via confusion of immune enzymes activity and gene expression level in intestine of L. vannamei.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongbiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China. Electronic address: jiasongzhang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiasong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Acute toxicity; Crustaceans; Environmental stress; Gene expression; Immune enzymes; Oxidative stress