title: Development of a QCM-D biosensor for Ochratoxin A detection in red wine.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA), a highly toxic compound, is one of the most widely spread mycotoxins that contaminates a large variety of agricultural commodities. Due to its presence in the food chain, it imposes a hazard on both human and animal health. Therefore, there is a need for precise, fast and simple methods for toxin quantification. Herein, a novel sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and antibodies for specific analyte recognition was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of OTA in red wine. The combination of indirect competitive assay with QCM-D gives a straightforward device, which can simultaneously measure frequency (Δf) and dissipation (ΔD) changes resulting in detailed information about the mass attached to the sensor surface as well as conformational changes, viscoelastic properties and the hydration state of the film. Small molecules (such as OTA) suffer from poor LOD due to the high concentration of primary antibody needed to generate adequate signal. In the present study, amplification of the QCM-D signal was obtained by applying secondary antibodies conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Thanks to this, a linear detection range of 0.2-40ngmL-1has been achieved with an excellent LOD of 0.16ngmL-1,which is one order of magnitude lower than LOD specified by European Union legislation concerning the limit of OTA in food. Moreover, a matrix effect (caused by the occurrence of polyphenols in wine) and associated non-specific interactions with the sensor surface was completely eliminated by a simple pre-treatment of the wine with the addition of 3% poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Josef-Engert Straße, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address: Aleksandra.Karczmarczyk@eah-jena.de.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karczmarczyk
authors.affiliation: CNRS Institute Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS60319, 60203 Compiène, France.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Feller
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D011205:Povidone
keywords: Biosensor; Gold nanoparticles; Inhibition immunoassay; Ochratoxin A; Quartz crystal microbalance