title: Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging technique for foreign substance detection on fresh-cut lettuce.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-destructive methods based on fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques were developed to detect worms on fresh-cut lettuce. The optimal wavebands for detecting the worms were investigated using the one-way ANOVA and correlation analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The worm detection imaging algorithms, RSI-I(492-626)/492, provided a prediction accuracy of 99.0%. The fluorescence HSI techniques indicated that the spectral images with a pixel size of 1 × 1 mm had the best classification accuracy for worms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall results demonstrate that fluorescence HSI techniques have the potential to detect worms on fresh-cut lettuce. In the future, we will focus on developing a multi-spectral imaging system to detect foreign substances such as worms, slugs and earthworms on fresh-cut lettuce. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Changyeun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-5978
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Giyoung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Moon S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongguk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Experiment & Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Jinyoung Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Barnaby
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Kwan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D005453:Fluorescence; D006376:Helminths / Q000737:chemistry*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000469:parasitology*; D011786:Quality Control; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: fluorescence; foreign substance detection; fresh-cut lettuce; hyperspectral imaging; multi-spectral imaging