title: Change in life expectancy with type 2 diabetes: a study using claims data from lower Saxony, Germany.
abstract: This study estimates life expectancy with and without type 2 diabetes for individuals in Lower Saxony, Germany in order to detect a trend in population health.
  
  
  
  Morbidity and mortality data derived from German administrative claims data (statutory health insurance, AOK Niedersachsen, N = 2,900,065) were used covering 10 years from 2005 to 2014. Life table analysis was applied for calculating life expectancy, life expectancy free of type 2 diabetes, life expectancy with type 2 diabetes, and the proportion of life expectancy free of diabetes to total life expectancy using the Sullivan method.
  
  
  
  The total life expectancy increase is stronger in men than in women: At the age of 20, total life expectancy was 55.0 years in 2005 and 56.3 years in 2014 for men, whereas it was 61.7 years in 2005 and 62.5 years in 2014 for women. Decreases in life expectancy without type 2 diabetes were more pronounced in women than in men. Accordingly, life expectancy with type 2 diabetes increased in both women and in men. The proportion of life expectancy without diabetes to total life expectancy decreased, indicating a similar development in both. For example, at the age of 60, the proportion of life expectancy without diabetes to total life expectancy decreased from 0.75 in 2005 to 0.66 in 2014 for men, while it decreased from 0.77 in 2005 to 0.70 in 2014 for women.
  
  
  
  Against the background of increasing total life expectancy, the time spent in morbidity increased for the case of type 2 diabetes in Lower Saxony, Germany.
authors.affiliation: Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. Muschik.Denise@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muschik
authors.affiliation: Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tetzlaff
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Epping
authors.affiliation: AOK Niedersachsen - Statutory Health Insurance of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Sveja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eberhard
authors.affiliation: Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends; D015993:Life Tables; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Compression of morbidity; Dynamic equilibrium; Expansion of morbidity; Life expectancy; Type 2 diabetes