title: Racial disparities in preventable risk factors for head and neck cancer.
abstract: To demonstrate racial differences in preventable risk behaviors/practices that contribute to head and neck cancer (HNCA).
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional analysis of large national risk factor survey.
  
  
  
  The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 2013 was analyzed. Demographic data were extracted, including age, sex, and race. Social habits considered risk factors for HNCA were also extracted, including alcohol consumption, smoking, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status. Statistical comparisons were conducted according to race for each risk factor, and additional comparisons were conducted within the American Indian population subgroup for risk factors according to sex.
  
  
  
  A total of 238.6 million Americans were surveyed. American Indians reported higher rates of binge drinking (19.0%) than whites (17.3%), blacks (12.4%), and Asian Americans (13.1%; P < .001). This rate was significantly higher for American Indian males (23.5%) versus females (13.7%; P < .001). Mean total drinks per month was higher for whites and American Indians (13.5 and 13.5; P < .001). American Indians reported the highest rates of current smoking (28.1%), followed by blacks (20.1%), whites (18.3%), and Asians (10.2%; P < .001). American Indians also reported the highest rates of every day smoking (18.2%), versus whites (13.3%), blacks (13.1%), and Asians (6.1%; P < .001). Rates of HPV vaccination were lowest for American Indians (11.7%), compared to whites (14.6%), blacks (13.6%), and Asians (12%; P = 0.618).
  
  
  
  There are striking racial disparities in the prevalence of preventable risk factors for HNCA. These data highlight the need for targeted education and prevention programs in particular racial groups.
  
  
  
  4. Laryngoscope, 127:1068-1072, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Sunshine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwojak
authors.affiliation: Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Head and neck; larynx; oral cavity; oropharynx