title: Dairy intake in relation to prostate cancer survival.
abstract: Dairy intake has been associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. Two US cohort studies reported increased prostate cancer-specific mortality with increased high-fat milk intake. We examined whether dairy and related nutrient intake were associated with prostate cancer progression in a Swedish patient population with high dairy consumption. We prospectively followed 525 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (diagnosed 1989-1994). We identified and confirmed deaths through February 2011 (n = 222 prostate cancer-specific, n = 268 from other causes). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between food or nutrient intake and prostate cancer-specific death. On average, patients consumed 5.0 servings/day of total dairy products at diagnosis. In the whole population, high-fat milk intake was not associated with prostate cancer-specific death (95% CI: 0.78, 2.10; p-trend = 0.32; multivariate-adjusted model). However, among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, compared to men who consumed <1 servings/day of high-fat milk, those who drank ≥3 servings/day had an increased hazard of prostate cancer mortality (HR = 6.10; 95% CI: 2.14, 17.37; p-trend = 0.004; multivariate-adjusted model). Low-fat milk intake was associated with a borderline reduction in prostate cancer death among patients with localized prostate cancer. These associations were not observed among patients diagnosed with advanced stage prostate cancer. Our data suggest a positive association between high-fat milk intake and prostate cancer progression among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Further studies are warranted to investigate this association and elucidate the mechanisms by which high-fat milk intake may promote prostate cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0272-9228
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Downer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Lorelei A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and the Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
authors.forename: Mara Meyer
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.affiliation: The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niclas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andrén
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sven-Olof
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: dairy; diet; milk; prostate cancer; prostate cancer mortality