title: Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro toxicological and genotoxic potential of aluminum chloride.
abstract: Aluminum and its compounds are common contaminants of water and food, as well as medications and cosmetics. The wide distribution of the element facilitates the demand for detailed studies of its biological and toxicological effects. This work aimed to evaluate the possible genotoxic and toxic activity resulting from in vivo and in vitro exposure to Al. For in vivo analysis, 40 Swiss mice were used, various concentrations of hydrated aluminum chloride were administered orally. They were analyzed for possible genic activity and metal cytotoxicity using a micronucleus test (MN), and for toxicity through histopathological evaluation of the extracted organs. For in vitro analysis, lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 3 healthy donors were used. These cells were exposed to the same chemical agent in various concentrations. In vivo study revealed a significant increase in the number of MN in all Al concentrations. Furthermore, significant alterations in all the organs evaluated were verified by the presence of irreversible lesions (such as necrosis). Corroborating these findings, a significant increase in the quantity of MN in all concentrations with lymphocytes in vitro. In light of this, we suggest that this metal presents genotoxic potential and is potentially a cause of pathological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Nazareth Fernandes
authors.initials: LNF
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís Mesquita
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: daniellefeio@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Danielle Cristinne A
authors.initials: DCA
authors.lastname: Feio
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mirella de Souza Gonçalves
authors.initials: MSG
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner Luiz O
authors.initials: WLO
authors.lastname: Ximenes
authors.affiliation: Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry - Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula N
authors.initials: APN
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rommel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Burbano
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Danielle L
authors.initials: PDL
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; D008670:Metals; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride
keywords: Aluminum; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxic; Micronucleus test; Risk assessment; Swiss mice