title: Visualisation of abscisic acid and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid in immature Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds using desorption electrospray ionisation-imaging mass spectrometry.
abstract: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the jasmonic acid related-compound 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) play crucial roles in seed development, dormancy, and germination. However, a lack of suitable techniques for visualising plant hormones has restricted the investigation of their biological mechanisms. In the present study, desorption electrospray ionisation-imaging mass spectrometry (DESI-IMS), a powerful tool for visualising metabolites in biological tissues, was used to visualise ABA and OPDA in immature Phaseolus vulgaris L. seed sections. The mass spectra, peak values and chemical formulae obtained from the analysis of seed sections were consistent with those determined for ABA and OPDA standards, as were the precursor and major fragment ions observed in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) imaging. Furthermore, the precursor and fragment ion images showed similar distribution patterns. In addition, the localisation of ABA and OPDA using DESI-IMS was confirmed using liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that ABA was mainly distributed in the radical and cotyledon of the embryo, whereas OPDA was distributed exclusively in external structures, such as the hilum and seed coat. The present study is the first to report the visualisation of plant hormones using IMS, and demonstrates that DESI-IMS is a promising technique for future plant hormone research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.|Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sensu
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Waters Corporation, Shinagawa 140-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Waters Corporation, Shinagawa 140-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Thanai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paxton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.|Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asahina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.|Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisakazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamane
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry*; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C025999:12-oxophytodienoic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid