title: Interrelationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3concentration and lipid profiles in premenopausal Indian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, and observational studies have associated it with an atherogenic lipid profile.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the interrelationship between Vitamin D and lipid profile in apparently healthy premenopausal Indian women, considering confounding factors such as lifestyle that independently influence lipids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty healthy premenopausal women (20-45 year) were recruited from Gujarat, India. Data were collected on anthropometry, physical activity, sunlight exposure, and diet. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25[OH]D), parathyroid hormone, and lipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to derive correlation between serum 25[OH]D concentrations and serum lipids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three percent women showed Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25[OH]D < 20 ng/ml). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations showed significant inverse correlation with total cholesterol (TC) (r= -0.202,P= 0.027), triglycerides (TG) (r= -0.284,P= 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (r= -0.184,P= 0.044) and positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r= 0.250,P= 0.006). On dichotomizing the population according to median 25(OH)D concentration (11.1 ng/dl), no significant differences were observed between the groups for anthropometry, sunlight exposure, and lifestyle. Serum lipid profiles were significantly different, above median serum 25(OH)D concentration group showed favorable serum lipids (TC: 179.3 ± 30 vs. 191.8 ± 31.7 mg/dl; TG: 140 ± 39.1 vs. 165.5 ± 53.4 mg/dl; LDL-C: 100 ± 30.2 vs. 112 ± 32 mg/dl; HDL-C: 53 ± 14 vs. 47.6 ± 9.3 mg/dl)(P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that association of 25(OH)D concentrations with lipid profile even after considering lifestyle factors which independently influence lipids. Intervention trials would be required to prove this association to be causation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Pinal A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Prerna P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Zulf
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mughal
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padidela
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ashish D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shashi A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chiplonkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vaman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khadilkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khadilkar
keywords: Cholesterol; Vitamin D; lifestyle factors; lipoprotein; triglycerides