title: Mechanisms of Post-Replication DNA Repair.
abstract: Accurate DNA replication is crucial for cell survival and the maintenance of genome stability. Cells have developed mechanisms to cope with the frequent genotoxic injuries that arise from both endogenous and environmental sources. Lesions encountered during DNA replication are often tolerated by post-replication repair mechanisms that prevent replication fork collapse and avert the formation of DNA double strand breaks. There are two predominant post-replication repair pathways, trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS). TLS is a DNA damage-tolerant and low-fidelity mode of DNA synthesis that utilizes specialized 'Y-family' DNA polymerases to replicate damaged templates. TS, however, is an error-free 'DNA damage avoidance' mode of DNA synthesis that uses a newly synthesized sister chromatid as a template in lieu of the damaged parent strand. Both TLS and TS pathways are tightly controlled signaling cascades that integrate DNA synthesis with the overall DNA damage response and are thus crucial for genome stability. This review will cover the current knowledge of the primary mediators of post-replication repair and how they are regulated in the cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. yanzhe_gao@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Yanzhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.|Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mutter-Rottmayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. anastasia_zlatanou@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zlatanou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. cyrus_vaziri@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. yang_yang1@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: DNA damage response; DNA damage tolerance; post replication repair; template switching; trans-lesion synthesis