title: Sleep disorders in spinal muscular atrophy.
abstract: To estimate the frequency of sleep disorders in young persons with type 2 and type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and to evaluate the relationship between sleep disorders and different variables such as motor impairment, age, use of ventilation, and use of night orthoses.
  
  
  
  A total of 85 young persons (6-25 years of age) with type 2 and type 3 SMA were assessed using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), a scale assessing different sleep factors, and the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE), a scale evaluating motor impairment.
  
  
  
  An abnormal total sleep score was found in 16.4% of children with SMA; an additional 16.7% had an abnormal score on at least one of the sleep factors assessed by the SDSC. No specific correlation was observed between sleep disturbances and functional level as expressed by the SDSC and total HFMSE scores, but the relationship with individual items on the scale was different. The SDSC total score was significantly associated with the ability to half roll on both sides and to roll from prone to supine on the HMFSE.
  
  
  
  Our results demonstrate that sleep disorders are common in children with SMA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Nemo and Clinical Center, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neurology Unit, Istituto Neurologico "Besta", Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baranello
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coratti
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivo
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neurology Unit, Istituto Neurologico "Besta", Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Arnoldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lapenta
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albamonte
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lavinia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Sanctis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Nemo and Clinical Center, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Luca
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Nemo and Clinical Center, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sframeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pane
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: mercuri@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mercuri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014897:Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HFMSE; Motor function; SDSC; Sleep; Spinal muscular atrophy