title: Sulfur-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation.
abstract: There is an urgent need to develop metal-free, low cost, durable, and highly efficient catalysts for industrially important oxygen evolution reactions. Inspired by natural geodes, unique melamine nanogeodes are successfully synthesized using hydrothermal process. Sulfur-modified graphitic carbon nitride (S-modified g-CNx) electrocatalysts are obtained by annealing these melamine nanogeodes in situ with sulfur. The sulfur modification in the g-CNxstructure leads to excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity by lowering the overpotential. Compared with the previously reported nonmetallic systems and well-established metallic catalysts, the S-modified g-CNxnanostructures show superior performance, requiring a lower overpotential (290 mV) to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2and a Tafel slope of 120 mV dec-1with long-term durability of 91.2% retention for 18 h. These inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-synthesize catalysts with extraordinary performance will have a high impact in the field of oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Vinayak S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Uk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jiwoong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoungsuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sue In
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Je
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Arun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heonjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Cuk
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zonghoon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taeghwan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyeon
keywords: electrocatalysis; graphitic carbon nitride; nanostructures; oxygen evolution reaction