title: Music Genre as a Predictor of Resource Utilization at Outdoor Music Concerts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the various modern music genres and their effect on the utilization of medical resources with analysis and adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patient logs from an open-air, contemporary amphitheater over a period of 10 years was performed. Variables recorded by the medical personnel for each concert included the attendance, description of the weather, and a patient log in which nature and outcome were recorded. The primary outcomes were associations of genres with the medical usage rate (MUR). Secondary outcomes investigated were the association of confounders and the influences on the level of care provided, the transport rate, and the nature of medical complaint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,399,864 concert attendees, of which 4,546 patients presented to venue Emergency Medical Services (EMS) during 403 concerts with an average of 11.4 patients (annual range 7.1-17.4) each concert. Of potential confounders, only the heat index ≥90°F (32.2°C) and whether the event was a festival were significant (P=.027 and .001, respectively). After adjustment, the genres with significantly increased MUR in decreasing order were: alternative rock, hip-hop/rap, modern rock, heavy metal/hard rock, and country music (P<.05). Medical complaints were significantly increased with alternative rock or when the heat index was ≥90°F (32.2°C; P<.001). Traumatic injuries were most significantly increased with alternative rock (P<.001). Alcohol or drug intoxication was significantly more common in hip-hop/rap (P<.001). Transport rates were highest with alcohol/drug intoxicated patients (P<.001), lowest with traumatic injuries (P=.004), and negatively affected by heat index ≥90°F (32.2°C; P=.008), alternative rock (P=.017), and country music (P=.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alternative rock, hip-hop/rap, modern rock, heavy metal/hard rock, and country music concerts had higher levels of medical resource utilization. High heat indices and music festivals also increase the MUR. This information can assist event planners with preparation and resource utilization. Future research should focus on prospective validation of the regression equation. Westrol MS , Koneru S , McIntyre N , Caruso AT , Arshad FH , Merlin MA . Music genre as a predictor of resource utilization at outdoor music concerts. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):289-296.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Emergency Medicine/EMS,AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center,Atlantic City,New JerseyUSA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-9443
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Westrol
authors.affiliation: 3Rutgers School of Public Health,Newark,New JerseyUSA.
authors.forename: Susmith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koneru
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Emergency Medicine,Baystate Medical Center,Springfield,MassachusettsUSA.
authors.forename: Norah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: 5Monmouth Ocean Hospital Service Corporation (MONOC),Wall Township,New JerseyUSA.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Emergency Medicine,Newark Beth Israel Medical Center,Newark,New JerseyUSA.
authors.forename: Faizan H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Emergency Medicine,Newark Beth Israel Medical Center,Newark,New JerseyUSA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Merlin
mesh_terms: D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005392:First Aid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006285:Health Planning; D018883:Heat Stroke / Q000628:therapy; D006693:Holidays; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D009515:New Jersey; D010934:Planning Techniques; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy
keywords:  ALS Advanced Life Support;  BLS Basic Life Support;  EDM electronic dance music;  EMS Emergency Medical Services;  EMT emergency medical technician;  MUR medical usage rate;  OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration; Emergency Medical Services; event medicine; mass gathering; medical usage rate; prehospital emergency care