title: The potential of blue lupins as a protein source, in the diets of laying hens.
abstract: Layers diets typically contain 15-20% soya due to its high crude protein content (ca. 36%). Reliance on soya for protein can result in large increases in cost of feed due to the law of supply and demand as a global commodity. Lupin grains have high protein content (35-40%) but previous experience with white lupins has shown toxic effects in poultry due to high levels alkaloids and poor performance due to anti-nutritional Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Here blue lupins either processed or whole were trialled for their potential as a protein source. Point of lay chickens (64) at 16 weeks of age were weighed and allocated to 16 coops of four hens. Coops, as the experimental unit, were randomly allocated to four treatments: layers mash with soya (Control); or layers mash with 150 g of lupin/kg diet with the lupin either: whole (Whole); dehulled (Dehulled) or dehulled + a solid state fermentation enzyme extract (SSF; 150 g/tonne DM). All diets were ground and formulated to be balanced for energy, crude protein and essential amino acids using NIRS. No difference in growth rate, final hen weight, DM and water intake, eggs per day, mean egg weight, yellowness of yolk or chroma was found between treatments. There was a trend (P<0.1) for the SSF treatment to produce less heavy shells and a significant effect for the lupin treatments to have redder yolks (P<0.001). Fecal DM and bacterial counts were not different and there was no sign of enteritis or intestinal tissue hyperplasia from hen autopsies. Inclusion of blue lupins in the diet of laying hens at a rate of 150 g/kg DM resulted in no adverse effects in production or hen health and could be used as part of a balanced ration with inclusion of NSP degrading enzymes to reduce reliance on soya protein.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Michael R F
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Hannah R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Vince J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Theobald
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
authors.forename: Dave K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.affiliation: Birchgrove Eggs, Trawscoed, Aberystwyth SY23 4AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burgess
keywords: Blue lupin; Dietary protein; Layer diet; Lupinus angustifolius; Soya