title: Clearance of Tritrichomonas foetus in experimentally infected heifers protected with vaccines based on killed-T. foetus with different adjuvants.
abstract: Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated protozoan that causes a sexually transmitted disease in cattle. Trichomonosis is characterized by early abortions, subfertility and a significant decrease in productivity. Vaccine preparations containing whole T. foetus can reduce the time of residence of the pathogen in the host cervix after experimental infection. Here, T. foetus vaccines prepared with different adjuvants were tested, in parallel with a commercial vaccine, for their efficacy to clear the infection. The median time for clearance of infection was 69days in non-immunized animals, 55days in animals treated with aluminum hydroxide, 41days with oil-in-water or saponin based vaccines or with a commercial vaccine and 27days in animals treated with saponin plus aluminum hydroxide. A slight increase in the risk of T. foetus clearance from the genital tract was found with the saponin based vaccine (hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-6.17) or the commercial vaccine (hazard ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-6.38). A significant increase in the risk of T. foetus clearance was found with the combination of saponin plus aluminum hydroxide based vaccine (hazard ratio, 5.12; 95% confidence interval, 2.04-12.83).
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 5 km 580, Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lumila I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 5 km 580, Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fort
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 5 km 580, Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 5 km 580, Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hugo D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 5 km 580, Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bacigalupe
authors.affiliation: INCITAP, CONICET-UNLPam, Uruguay 151, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Javier D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Breccia
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Campero
authors.affiliation: INCITAP, CONICET-UNLPam, Uruguay 151, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. Electronic address: jorgeoyhenart@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oyhenart
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000517:prevention & control; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000469:parasitology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D012503:Saponins; D016835:Tritrichomonas foetus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014621:Vagina / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D012503:Saponins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide
keywords: Bovine; Control; Cow; Disease; Immunity; Trichomonas; Venereal