title: An Overview of Maxillofacial Trauma in Oral and Maxillofacial Tertiary Trauma Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
abstract: The aims of this study were to provide an overview of maxillofacial trauma and its relationship to patient's demographic data and alcohol consumption within the state of Sabah. It was a retrospective study of maxillofacial trauma cases treated by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, from January 1, 2009, until December 31, 2013. A total of 630 maxillofacial trauma cases were included. Details of the trauma were collected from patients' record, including patients' cause of injuries, injuries suffered, treatment indications, and treatment received. Patients' demographic data (age, gender), alcohol consumption in relation to causes, and type of maxillofacial injury were analyzed. There were 538 male (85.4%) and 92 female (14.6%) patients (ratio: 5.8:1), with mean age of 31.0 years. Most common causes of maxillofacial injury were motor vehicle accident (MVA; 66.3%), followed by fall (12.4%) and assault (11.6%). Motorcyclists made up more than half of the total cases (53.1%). Cases referred were primarily due to soft-tissue injury (458 cases). Other cases were dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone fractures. Treatment provided for the fractures included open reduction and internal fixation (22.9%), closed reduction (28.7%), and conservative management (48.4%). Toilet and suturing were done for all patients with soft-tissue injury. Maxillofacial trauma is a major problem in Sabah. It affects mostly males in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Most of the MVA patients were motorcyclists. Mandibular fracture with parasymphysis involvement recorded the highest number. Most of the patients preferred conservative management, probably due to financial and logistic issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Qi Chao
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ling Vuan
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yiu Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Leung
keywords: ORIF; closed reduction; mandible; maxilla; maxillofacial injury; zygoma