title: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 may be involved in macrophage plasticity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous cell population and depending on microenvironments they polarize in two main groups: M1 and M2. Glutamic acid and glutamate receptors may participate in the regulation of macrophage plasticity. To investigate the role of glutamatergic systems in macrophages physiology, we performed the transfection of mGluR5 cDNAs into RAW-264.7 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparative analysis of modified (RAW-mGluR5 macrophages) and non-modified macrophages (RAW-macrophages) has shown that the RAW-mGluR5 macrophages absorbed more glutamate than control cells and the amount of intracellular glutamate correlated with the expression of excitatory amino acid transporters -2 (EAAT-2). Besides, our results have shown that RAW-mGluR5 macrophages expressed a higher level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and secreted more IL-10, high mobility group box 1 proteins (HMGB1) and Galectin-3 than control RAW-macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that elevation of intracellular glutamate and expression of mGluR5 may initiate the metabolic rearrangement in macrophages that could contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. lali_shanshiashvili@iliauni.edu.ge.|I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia. lali_shanshiashvili@iliauni.edu.ge.
authors.forename: Lali
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shanshiashvili
authors.affiliation: Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Elene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsitsilashvili
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dabrundashvili
authors.affiliation: I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Irine
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalandadze
authors.affiliation: Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.|I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mikeladze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000066670:Cell Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D047493:PPAR alpha; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: HMGB1; IL-10; Inflammation; Macrophages; Metabotropic glutamate receptors