title: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: the significance of high risk features.
abstract: Papillary carcinomas that measure 1.0cm or less are diagnosed as papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMs). The clinical significance and recommendations for management of these PTMs is still evolving. The objective of the study was to compare the characteristics of small (<5mm) to large (≥ 5mm) papillary thyroid microcarcinomas.
  
  
  
  Amongst 1459 sequential patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a single center, 132 (9%) cases were diagnosed with PTM. We performed a retrospective analysis of these cases using Fisher's Exact Test. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 a priori.
  
  
  
  A relationship between large PTM and high risk features was observed only for extra-thyroidal cancer extension (ETE). Six of 57 large PTM (11%) but none of the 75 small PTM had ETE (p < 0.01). Lymph node metastases were associated with both small PTM (5/9 cases) and large PTM (4/9 cases). A distant metastases was diagnosed in association with a small PTM.
  
  
  
  For PTM, neither small cancer size, nor the absence of high-risk features, excluded the possibility of synchronous lymph node metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital Department of Surgery, Room C303, Burrard Building, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nori L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital Department of Surgery, Room C303, Burrard Building, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, BC, Canada. smwiseman@providencehealth.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wiseman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Microcarcinoma; Papillary Carcinoma; Prognosis; Thyroid Cancer; Thyroid Carcinoma