title: Concentration of heavy metals in vegetables and potential health risk assessment in China.
abstract: Food safety is an important issue in the world. This study assessed the health risk for the Chinese public when consuming vegetables grown in China, based on 1335 data records from 220 published papers during 2007-2016. The results showed that the average of Pb, Cd, and Hg concentration in vegetables was 0.106, 0.041, and 0.008 mg/kg, which were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations, respectively. Leaf vegetables contained higher heavy metals than root vegetables and fruit vegetables. On a provincial scale, the highest Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations in vegetables were determined by those in soil and atmosphere. The total health risk index showed that people in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Hubei provinces in southern China, and Liaoning Province in northeast China, faced a high risk of Pb, Cd, and Hg when consuming vegetables.
authors.affiliation: School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Taiyang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.|Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. zhangxy@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D000074341:Dietary Exposure; D059022:Food Safety; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: China; Health risks; Heavy metal concentrations; Vegetables