title: Grapevine acclimation to water deficit: the adjustment of stomatal and hydraulic conductance differs from petiole embolism vulnerability.
abstract: Drought-acclimated vines maintained higher gas exchange compared to irrigated controls under water deficit; this effect is associated with modified leaf turgor but not with improved petiole vulnerability to cavitation. A key feature for the prosperity of plants under changing environments is the plasticity of their hydraulic system. In the present research we studied the hydraulic regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) that were first acclimated for 39 days to well-watered (WW), sustained water deficit (SD), or transient-cycles of dehydration-rehydration-water deficit (TD) conditions, and then subjected to varying degrees of drought. Vine development under SD led to the smallest leaves and petioles, but the TD vines had the smallest mean xylem vessel and calculated specific conductivity (kts). Unexpectedly, both the water deficit acclimation treatments resulted in vines more vulnerable to cavitation in comparison to WW, possibly as a result of developmental differences or cavitation fatigue. When exposed to drought, the SD vines maintained the highest stomatal (gs) and leaf conductance (kleaf) under low stem water potential (Ψs), despite their high xylem vulnerability and in agreement with their lower turgor loss point (ΨTLP). These findings suggest that the down-regulation of kleafand gsis not associated with embolism, and the ability of drought-acclimated vines to maintain hydraulic conductance and gas exchange under stressed conditions is more likely associated with the leaf turgor and membrane permeability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.|PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea Giulia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bonel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Rakefet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: David-Schwartz
authors.affiliation: The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel.
authors.forename: Asfaw
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degu
authors.affiliation: The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fait
authors.affiliation: PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cochard
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peterlunger
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy. jose.herrera@boku.ac.at.|Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria. jose.herrera@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Jose Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D055864:Droughts; D009995:Osmosis / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D052584:Xylem / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Drought acclimation; Osmotic adjustment; Turgor; Vulnerability to cavitation; Water stress; Xylem architecture