title: Costs of productivity loss due to occupational cancer in Canada: estimation using claims data from Workers' Compensation Boards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer is a leading cause of illness globally, yet our understanding of the financial implications of cancer caused by working conditions and environments is limited. The goal of this study is to estimate the costs of productivity losses due to occupational cancer in Canada, and to evaluate the factors associated with these costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two sources of data are used: (i) Individual level administrative claims data from the Workers Compensation Board of Nova Scotia; and (ii) provincial aggregated cancer claims statistics from the Association of Workers Compensation Boards of Canada. Benefits paid to claimants are based on actuarial estimates of wage-loss, but do not include medical costs that are covered by the Canadian publicly funded healthcare system. Regional claims level data are used to estimate the total and average (per claim) cost of occupational cancer to the insurance system, and to assess which characteristics of the claim/claimant influence costs. Cost estimates from one region are weighted using regional multipliers to adjust for system differences between regions, and extrapolated to estimate national costs of occupational cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We estimate that the total cost of occupational cancer to the Workers' Compensation system in Canada between 1996 and 2013 was $1.2 billion. The average annual cost was $68 million. The cancer being identified as asbestos related were significantly positively associated with costs, whereas the age of the claimant was significantly negatively associated with costs. The industry type/region, injury type or part of body affected by cancer were not significant cost determinants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the severity of the cancer burden, it is important to understand the financial implications of the disease on workers. Our study shows that productivity losses associated with cancer in the workplace are not negligible, particularly for workers exposed to asbestos.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Administration, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. dwl@dal.ca.
authors.forename: W Dominika
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-3886
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Wranik
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu