title: Comparing del Nido and Conventional Cardioplegia in Infants and Neonates in Congenital Heart Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome measures after the use of del Nido (dN) cardioplegia compared with conventional multidose high-potassium (non-dN) cardioplegia in neonates and infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed data in patients, aged younger than 1 year, undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) from January 2012 to August 2015. We changed our cardioplegia protocol from non-dN to dN administered in a single or infrequently dosed strategy in September 2013. The outcomes of the dN group (n = 107) are compared with the non-dN group (n = 118). We analyzed variables for demographic, intraoperative, early postoperative, and discharge variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar in age, weight, height, CPB, and cross-clamp time; preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic systolic functions; first 24-hour postoperative urine output and inotropic score; length of stay; and mortality rate. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery (STAT) mortality category was significantly higher in the dN group (p = 0.03). The cardioplegia dosing interval was lower for the non-dN group (p < 0.001). The volume and doses of cardioplegia per patient were significantly higher in the non-dN group (p < 0.001). In a subanalysis, when the Norwood patients were excluded from both groups, the overall STAT mortality category difference was no longer significant. The demographic, early postoperative, and discharge variables still showed no significant difference when the two groups were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar outcomes can be achieved with less frequent interruption of the operation and lower volume of cardioplegia when using dN cardioplegia solution compared with conventional cardioplegia. The dN cardioplegia with extended ischemic interval can be used as an alternative strategy in the neonatal and infant population during cardiac operations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida; University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida. Electronic address: kamal.pourmoghadam@orlandohealth.com.
authors.forename: Kamal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pourmoghadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruzmetov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Kurt D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Piggott
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plancher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Sukumar Suguna
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Narasimhulu
authors.affiliation: University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Tavya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida; University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Decampli
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D011188:Potassium