title: Enteric viruses and adenovirus diversity in waters from 2016 Olympic venues.
abstract: Rio de Janeiro's inner and coastal waters are heavily impacted by human sewage pollution for decades. Enteric viruses, including human adenoviruses (HAdV), human enterovirus (EV), group A rotavirus (RV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are more likely to be found in contaminated surface waters. The present work aimed to assess the frequency and loads of EV, HAdV-C and -F species, RV and HAV in sand and water samples from venues used during the 2016 Summer Olympics and by tourists attending the event. Sixteen monthly collections were carried out from March 2015 to July 2016 in 12 different sites from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Total and thermotolerant coliform counting was performed along molecular detection of virus was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Analyses of all samples were further investigated by integrated cell culture PCR to check about the presence of HAdV infectious virus particles. The results show that 95.9% of water samples showed contamination with at least one type of virus. Regarding the viruses individually (% for water and sand respectively): HAdV-C (93.1%-57.8%), HAdV-F (25.3%-0%), RV (12.3%-4.4%), EV (26.7%-8.8%) and HAV (0%). The viral loads ranged from 103gc/L up to 109gc/L (water), and 103gc/g to 106gc/g (sand). In the phylogenetic tree, were classified into four main clusters, referring to species C, D, F and BAdV. And up to 90% of sites studied presented at least once presence of infectious HAdV-C. The most contaminated points were the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, where Olympic rowing took place, and the Marina da Glória, the starting point for the sailing races, demonstrating serious problem of fecal contamination of water resources and threatens the health of Olympic athletes, tourists and residents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Staggemeier
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana M S
authors.initials: TMS
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meriane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demoliner
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rute G F
authors.initials: RGF
authors.lastname: Ritzel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicole M S
authors.initials: NMS
authors.lastname: Röhnelt
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Venker
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil. Electronic address: fernandors@feevale.br.
authors.forename: Fernando R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Spilki
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification*; D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D001938:Brazil; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005243:Feces; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D013177:Sports; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution
keywords: Adenovirus diversity; Enteric viruses; Olympic venues; Rio de Janeiro; Sediments contamination; Water quality