title: Trace element measurement for assessment of dog food safety.
abstract: The quality of dog diets depends on adequate ingredients capable of providing optimal nutrition and free of contaminants, for promoting long-term health. Trace elements in 95 samples of dry food for dog puppies (n = 32) and adults (n = 63) of various brands were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The mass fractions of most elements were within the permissible limits for dogs. Aluminum, antimony, and uranium presented fairly high levels in some samples, which may imply health risks. Aluminum mass fractions ranged from <21 to 11,900 mg/kg, in same brand, super-premium dog food. Antimony mass fractions ranged up to 5.14 mg/kg, with the highest values measured in six samples of dog food from the same producer. The mass fractions of uranium was found up to 4 mg/kg in commercial brands from five different producers.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, 13416-970, Brazil. lis@cena.usp.br.
authors.forename: Elisabete A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: De Nadai Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, 13416-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, 13416-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Arruda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bacchi
authors.affiliation: Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629JB, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bode
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000965:Antimony / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D059022:Food Safety; D009501:Neutron Activation Analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D014501:Uranium; D000965:Antimony
keywords: Aluminum; Antimony; Food safety; Phosphate rocks; Uranium; Zeolites