title: Emergency valve surgery for infective endocarditis complicated by acute intracranial hemorrhage: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optimal timing of surgical treatment for infective endocarditis (IE) complicated by intracranial hemorrhage remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 43-year-old man with IE received appropriate antibiotic therapy but had recurrence of cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Emergency valve surgery was performed 2days after ICH onset because of heart failure and recurrence of cerebral complications. Postoperatively, he showed no neurologic symptoms; neuroimaging showed no enlargement of ICH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative risk of neurologic deterioration may be relatively lower than previously thought in patients with IE who undergo surgery within 1 month after ICH onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency surgery in patients with ICH is justified in cases of multiple indications for such small ICH. Further evaluation regarding the risk of subsequent hemorrhage in patients with ICH who require emergency valve surgery is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: takasumi777@outlook.jp.
authors.forename: Takasumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: t.ohata@tokushukai.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shijo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
keywords: Case report; Emergency valve surgery; Infective endocarditis; Intracranial hemorrhage