title: Risk Factors for Bile Duct Injury After Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Malignant Liver Tumors: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.
abstract: Bile duct injury after ablation of malignant liver tumors (MLTs) was not unusual and should be avoided. However, few studies have focused on evaluating the risk factors for intrahepatic bile duct injury.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the risk factors for intrahepatic bile duct injury after ablation of MLTs and to evaluate the minimum safe distance for ablating tumors abutting bile ducts.
  
  
  
  Sixty-five patients with intrahepatic bile duct injury after ablation of MLTs, and 65 controls were recruited. Risk factors for intrahepatic bile duct injury were analyzed. Tumor location was recorded as ≤5 mm (group A), 5-10 mm (group B), and >10 mm (group C) from the right/left main duct or segmental bile duct.
  
  
  
  Ascites history (P < 0.001), TACE treatment history (P = 0.025), intrahepatic bile duct dilatation before ablation (P < 0.001), and tumor location (P = 0.000) were identified as significant risk factors for intrahepatic bile duct injury. Significant differences in the risk of intrahepatic bile duct injury were found between groups B and C (P = 0.000), but not between groups A and B (P = 0.751). Ascites history (P = 0.002) and tumor location (P < 0.001) were independent predictors with the OR (95 % confidence interval) of 39.31(3.95-391.69) and 16.56 (5.87-46.71), respectively.
  
  
  
  Bile duct injury after ablation of MLTs was the result of local treatment-related factors combined with the patients' general condition. The minimum safe distance for ablation of tumor abutting a bile duct was 10 mm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Man-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Shuo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.|Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-De
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. xxy1992sys@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for the Study of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.|Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Bile duct injury; Malignant liver tumors; Percutaneous; Risk factors; Thermal ablation