title: Dynamic outcome prediction in a socio-demographically diverse population-based cohort of extremely preterm neonates.
abstract: Accurate outcome prediction is crucial for counseling parents and providing individualized treatment to extremely premature infants. We sought to improve upon existing prediction model by using a diverse population-based cohort of extremely premature live births (⩽28 weeks' gestation) for survival and survival without severe neonatal morbidity at different times throughout the first week of life and to evaluate potential differences by race/ethnicity and maternal education.
  
  
  
  Retrospective cohort study of all California live births from 2007 through 2011 with linked birth, death and hospital discharge records.
  
  
  
  A total of 6009 infants were included. In the validation data set at time of delivery, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the model containing all predictors was 0.863 for survival and 0.789 for survival without severe morbidity. The marginal probability of survival without severe neonatal morbidity of an Asian infant born to a mother with <12 years of education compared with the reference (Caucasian infant, mother with ⩾12 years of education) was -0.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.31 to -0.15) for all infants at time of birth and -0.28 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.18) for infants with attempted resuscitation. Notably, no other differences by racial/ethnic category and maternal education emerged.
  
  
  
  Probabilities of survival and survival without major morbidity change rapidly throughout the first week of life. Extremely premature infants born to Asian mothers with less than a high school education appear to have a lower probability to survive without significant morbidity compared with their Caucasian peers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Steurer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3847-4602
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oltman
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuppermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ryckman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jelliffe-Pawlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies