title: Micro-Computed Tomography Detection of Gold Nanoparticle-Labelled Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rat Subretinal Layer.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells are widely used in many pre-clinical and clinical settings. Despite advances in molecular technology; the migration and homing activities of these cells in in vivo systems are not well understood. Labelling mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanoparticles has no cytotoxic effect and may offer suitable indications for stem cell tracking. Here, we report a simple protocol to label mesenchymal stem cells using 80 nm gold nanoparticles. Once the cells and particles were incubated together for 24 h, the labelled products were injected into the rat subretinal layer. Micro-computed tomography was then conducted on the 15th and 30th day post-injection to track the movement of these cells, as visualized by an area of hyperdensity from the coronal section images of the rat head. In addition, we confirmed the cellular uptake of the gold nanoparticles by the mesenchymal stem cells using transmission electron microscopy. As opposed to other methods, the current protocol provides a simple, less labour-intensive and more efficient labelling mechanism for real-time cell tracking. Finally, we discuss the potential manipulations of gold nanoparticles in stem cells for cell replacement and cancer therapy in ocular disorders or diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. rachelmok2005@gmail.com.|Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. rachelmok2005@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pooi Ling
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, 80100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. sue_ngein@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sue Ngein
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Leow
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. avin.keh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Avin Ee-Hwan
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. hairulnizam@ppukm.ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Hairul Harun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Mohd Nizam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. suetlee.ding@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suet Lee Shirley
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia. cluu@unimelb.edu.au.|Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3002, Australia. cluu@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ruhaslizan89@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raduan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruhaslizan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. whs1975@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hon Seng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. afifiyad@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Wan Haslina Wan Abdul
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. angelaster3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min Hwei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ruszyidrus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruszymah Binti Hj
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Idrus
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. shipluchy_56@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shiplu Roy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. maelynnbdr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Catherine Mae-Lynn
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bastion
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. sureshkudsc@gmail.com.|Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. sureshkudsc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suresh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Subbiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan. akon.higuchi@gmail.com.|Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan. akon.higuchi@gmail.com.|Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. akon.higuchi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Akon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aalarfajj@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alarfaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. kythen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kong Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Then
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D058948:Cell Tracking; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006046:Gold
keywords: gold nanoparticles; mesenchymal stem cells; micro-computed tomography; rat subretinal layer; stem cell tracking; transmission electron microscopy