title: Sirtuins Expression and Their Role in Retinal Diseases.
abstract: Sirtuins have received considerable attention since the discovery that silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) extends the lifespan of yeast. Sir2, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- (NAD-) dependent histone deacetylase, serves as both a transcriptional effector and energy sensor. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative eye diseases. Sirtuins confer protection against oxidative stress and retinal degeneration. In mammals, the sirtuin (SIRT) family consists of seven proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7). These vary in tissue specificity, subcellular localization, and enzymatic activity and targets. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the sirtuin family and discuss their structure, cellular location, and biological function with a primary focus on their role in different neuroophthalmic diseases including glaucoma, optic neuritis, and age-related macular degeneration. The potential role of certain therapeutic targets is also described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 580 W. 8th Street, Tower-2, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA; The Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Sankarathi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8106-8511
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balaiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 580 W. 8th Street, Tower-2, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA; Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11424, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khaled K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3067-8966
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Abu-Amero
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11424, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Altaf A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5516-6951
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kondkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 580 W. 8th Street, Tower-2, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
authors.forename: Kakarla V
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0004-9416
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Chalam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037761:Sirtuins