title: Association of Macrophage Inflammation Biomarkers With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Women and Men.
abstract: Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages promote atherosclerosis through increased inflammation and vascular remodeling. This may be especially true in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  
  We examined 778 women (74% HIV+) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 503 men (65% HIV+) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. We assessed baseline associations of the serum macrophage inflammation markers soluble (s)CD163, sCD14, galectin-3 (Gal-3), and Gal-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) with carotid plaque formation (focal intima-media thickness >1.5 mm) over 7 years.
  
  
  
  Marker levels were higher in HIV+ persons versus HIV- persons. Presence of focal plaque increased over time: from 8% to 15% in women, and 24% to 34% in men. After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors, and CRP and interleukin-6, each standard deviation increase in sCD14 was associated with increased plaque formation (risk ratio [RR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.43). This pattern was consistentby sex. sCD163 was associated with plaque formation in virally suppressed HIV+ men (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.22); Gal-3BP and Gal-3 were not associated with increased plaque.
  
  
  
  sCD14 and sCD163 may play important roles in atherogenesis among HIV+ persons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Howard N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Hodis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Mardge H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gange
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sabina A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Haberlen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
authors.forename: Sonya L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Emory University and Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Igho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ofotokun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
authors.forename: Phyllis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California.
authors.forename: Mallory D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Landay
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester.
authors.forename: Russell P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037502:Galectin 3; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
keywords: HIV infection; atherosclerosis; galectin-3; galectin-3 binding protein; inflammation; intima-media thickness; macrophages; monocytes; soluble CD14; soluble CD163.