title: Post-translational Modification of Caspases: The Other Side of Apoptosis Regulation.
abstract: Apoptosis is a crucial program of cell death that controls development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The main initiators and executors of this process are the Cysteine-dependent ASPartate proteASES - caspases. A number of regulatory circuits tightly control caspase processing and activity. One of the most important, yet, at the same time still poorly understood control mechanisms of activation of caspases involves their post-translational modifications. The addition and/or removal of chemical groups drastically alters the catalytic activity of caspases or stimulates their nonapoptotic functions. In this review, we will describe and discuss the roles of key caspase modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, glutathionylation, SUMOylation, and acetylation in the regulation of apoptotic cell death and cell survival.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Zamaraev
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Gelina S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kopeina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Evgeniia A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Prokhorova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: boris.zhivotovsky@ki.se.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhivotovsky
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Inflammation, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address: inna.lavrik@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Inna N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Lavrik
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D020169:Caspases
keywords: apoptosis; caspases; post-translational modifications