title: Upregulation of interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: Innate T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses mediated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been shown to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis of animal models; however, their clinical implications remain poorly understood.
  
  
  
  TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from normal controls (NCs; n = 40) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 100), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; n = 20), and sarcoidosis (n = 19).
  
  
  
  The TSLP and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF relative to the NCs (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively), NSIP (p = 4.95E - 7 and p = 0.0002, respectively), HP (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.000005, respectively), and sarcoidosis groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, the IL-25 levels were not significantly different between NC and IPF group (p = 0.432). Receiver operating characteristic curves of the TSLP and IL-33 levels revealed clear differences between the IPF and NC groups (AUC = 0.655 and 0.706, respectively), as well as between the IPF and the other lung disease groups (AUC = 0.786 and 0.781, respectively). Cut-off values of 3.52 pg/μg TSLP and 3.77 pg/μg IL-33 were shown to differentiate between the IPF and NC groups with 99.2 and 94.3% accuracy. Cut-off values of 4.66 pg/μg TSLP and 2.52 pg/μg IL-33 possessed 99.4 and 93.2% accuracy for differentiating among the IPF and other interstitial lung disease groups.
  
  
  
  Innate immune responses may be associated with the development of IPF. Furthermore, the IL-33 and TSLP levels in BAL fluids may be useful for differentiating IPF from other chronic interstitial lung diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Uk
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.|Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Da Jeong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Uh
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea. mdcspark@daum.net.|Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea. mdcspark@daum.net.|Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-767, Korea. mdcspark@daum.net.
authors.forename: Choon-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000542:Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000737:chemistry*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000276:immunology; D012372:ROC Curve; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: IL-25; IL-33; IPF; Innate immune response; TSLP