title: Expression of Cathepsin K in Skull Base Chordoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the association between cathepsin K and the clinical characteristics of skull base chordoma (SBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 58 paraffin-embedded samples and 85 frozen samples of 94 patients. All clinical data corresponding to these patients were available. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed. Positive rate of immunohistochemical staining slices and delta cycle threshold value of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction represented the cathepsin K expression level in protein and gene level separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In protein level, expression level (EL) of invasive tumors was increased compared with noninvasive tumors (P = 0.006), EL of tumors with dura erosion was increased compared with tumors without dura erosion (P = 0.001). Tumors with septa exhibited increased EL compared with tumors without septa (P = 0.001). Tumors with lobulation exhibited increased EL compared with tumors without lobulation (P = 0.000). Higher EL of cathepsin K was associated with reduced progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.015). In gene level, tumors with septa showed higher EL than tumors without septa (P = 0.015), and tumors with lobulation showed higher EL than tumors without lobulation (P = 0.049). Cathepsin K EL was an independent risk factor for reduced PFS, and an increased level of cathepsin K in SBC was associated with reduced PFS (P = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased cathepsin K expression in SBC was associated with tumor invasion and reduced PFS. The cathepsin K level in SBC also was associated with tumor stage, tumor lobulation, and septa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kaibing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China. Electronic address: saintage7@126.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guijun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zhangjunting2003@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D056657:Cathepsin K / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002817:Chordoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C534130:CTSK protein, human; D056657:Cathepsin K
keywords: Cathepsin K; Chordoma; Invasiveness; Prognosis; Skull base