title: Real-Time Monitoring ATP in Mitochondrion of Living Cells: A Specific Fluorescent Probe for ATP by Dual Recognition Sites.
abstract: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is mainly produced in the mitochondrion and used as a universal energy source for various cellular events. Various fluorescent probes for ATP have been established successfully, but most of them are not appropriate for monitoring the fluctuation of the mitochondrial ATP level. Herein, a fluorescent probe named Mito-Rh is first synthesized and used to recognize ATP in mitochondrion. In the probe, rhodamine, diethylenetriamine, and triphenylphosphonium are selected as fluorophore, reaction site, and mitochondrion-targeting group, respectively. Probe Mito-Rh shows high sensitivity to ATP with 81-fold fluorescence enhancement, and the detection range (0.1-10 mM) can match the concentration level of ATP in the mitochondrion. Moreover, Mito-Rh provides excellent selectivity toward ATP over other biological anions (ADP, AMP, GTP, CTP, UTP) owing to a concurrent effect of dual recognition sites (hydrogen bond and π-π stacking). In particular, the probe can localize in mitochondrion specifically and demonstrates utility in the real-time detection of mitochondrial ATP concentration changes.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kai-Yue
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Yan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8382-5264
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong-Fei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7206-2564
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ya-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011073:Polyamines; D012235:Rhodamines; C521096:triphenylphosphonium methylide; C005391:diethylenetriamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate