title: Sedation with orally administered midazolam in elderly dental patients with major neurocognitive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate acceptance of treatment after oral sedation with midazolam in dental patients with major neurocognitive disorder.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Midazolam is commonly used as premedication in paediatric dentistry, oral surgery and people suffering from dental fear. Little is known about its use in other patient groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental and sedation records of 61 patients (64% women) sedated with midazolam were examined retrospectively. All records came from patients with major neurocognitive disorder who had been referred to a special dental care unit in Sweden due to uncooperative behaviour and sedated with orally administered midazolam between 2006 and 2011. Data concerning dose, degree of acceptance of dental treatment (four-point scale) and number of possible interacting drugs were collected from dental records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, the participants were 80 years old (range: 62-93) and used 3.4 possible interacting drugs. The average midazolam dose was 0.11 mg/kg body weight, which is in line with the regional medical guidelines for sedation. Twenty-seven participants (44%) had no cooperation problems when sedated, twenty-six (43%) were treated with minor adaptations, five had poor cooperation, and three were not possible to treat. No statistically significant differences were found for degree of acceptance of treatment and dose or number of possible interacting drugs. Antiepileptics were used by 13% (n=7) with good or quite good acceptance compared to 37% (n=3) among those with poor or no acceptance. Unfavourable side effects were rare; one participant became hyperactive and one drowsier than expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sedation with orally administered midazolam seems to be effective and safe in dental treatment of uncooperative persons with major neurocognitive disorder.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pedodontics and Special Dental Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rignell
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pedodontics and Special Dental Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikati
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pedodontics and Special Dental Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.|Department of Gerodontology, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wertsén
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerodontology, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.|Department of Behavioural & Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hägglin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam
keywords: dementia; dental care; midazolam; neurocognitive disorder; sedation