title: Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography.
abstract: A new analytical method for the determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a very harmful compound not allowed in cosmetic products, is presented. The method is based on a new approach of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) useful for extraction of highly polar compounds, called reversed-phase DLLME (RP-DLLME), followed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible (LC-UV/Vis) determination. The variables involved in the RP-DLLME process were studied to provide the best enrichment factors. Under the optimized conditions, a mixture of 750µL of acetone (disperser solvent) and 125µL of water (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected into 5mL of toluene sample solution. The extracts were injected into the LC-UV/Vis system using ammonium acetate 0.02M as mobile phase. After chromatographic separation, the eluate passed throughout a photolysis unit in order to convert NDELA to nitrite, and then it was merged with a flow stream of Griess Reagent and passed throughout a post-column reactor at 50°C to derivatize nitrite into an azo-dye, which was finally measured spectrophotometrically at 540nm. The method was successfully validated showing good linearity, an enrichment factor of 31.5±0.9, limits of detection and quantification of 1.1 and 3.6ngmL-1, respectively, and a good repeatability (RSD <8%). Finally, the proposed analytical method was applied to the determination of NDELA in commercial cosmetic samples of different nature, specifically three lipophilic creams and a hydrophilic shower gel, with good relative recovery values (87 - 117%) thus showing that matrix effects are negligible. These results were compared with those obtained by applying the ISO 10130 official method, which uses the same detection approach. It was concluded that a great improvement in the sensitivity was achieved, whereas the use of organochlorine solvents is avoided and therefore it can be considered as a greener approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: alberto.chisvert@uv.es.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chisvert
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Benedé
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peiró
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrón
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvador
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D012997:Solvents; C014129:N-nitrosodiethanolamine; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine
keywords: Cosmetic products; Hydrophilic compounds; N-nitrosodiethanolamine; Nitrosamines; Reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction