title: Short term sodium alendronate administration improves the peri-implant bone quality in osteoporotic animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone repair process at the bone/implant interface of osteoporotic rats treated with sodium alendronate through the analysis of microtomography, real time polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry (RUNX2 protein, bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 42 rats were used and divided in to the following experimental groups: CTL: control group (rats submitted to fictitious surgery and fed with a balanced diet), OST: osteoporosis group (rats submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy and fed with a low calcium diet) and ALE: alendronate group (rats submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy, fed with a low calcium diet and treated with sodium alendronate). A surface treated implant was installed in both tibial metaphyses of each rat. Euthanasia of the animals was conducted at 14 (immunhostochemistry) and 42 days (immunohistochemistry, micro CT and PCR). Data were subjected to statistical analysis with a 5% significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone volume (BV) and total pore volume were higher for ALE group (P<0.05). Molecular data for RUNX2 and BSP proteins were significantly expressed in the ALE group (P<0.05), in comparison with the other groups. ALP expression was higher in the CTL group (P<0.05). The immunostaining for RUNX2 and osteopontin was positive in the osteoblastic lineage cells of neoformed bone for the CTL and ALE groups in both periods (14 and 42 days). Alkaline phosphatase presented a lower staining area in the OST group compared to the CTL in both periods and the ALE at 42 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a decrease of osteocalcin precipitation at 42 days for the ALE and OST groups. Therefore, treatment with short-term sodium alendronate improved bone repair around the implants installed in the tibia of osteoporotic rats.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Danila de
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Suemi
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hassumi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique da Silva
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gomes-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Tárik Ocon Braga
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Ramalho
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Perez
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Faverani
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D015921:Dental Implants; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D019386:Alendronate