title: 2-D and 3-D Ultrasound for Tumor Volume Analysis: A Prospective Study.
abstract: Ultrasound (US) allows real-time tumor assessment. We evaluated the volumetric limits of 2-D and 3-D US, compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a prospective institutional review board-approved clinical evaluation of US-to-MRI volumetric correlation. US images of pre- and post-neoadjuvant breast cancers were obtained. Volume discrepancy was evaluated with the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Expected inter-observer variability <14% was evaluated as relative paired difference (RPD); clinical relevance was gauged with the volumetric standard error of the mean (SEM). For 42 patients, 133 of 170 US examinations were evaluable. For tumors ≤20 cm3, both highly correlated to MRI with RPD within inter-observer variability and Pearson's correlation up to 0.86 (0.80 before and 0.86 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively). Lesions 20-40 cm3had US-to-MRI discrepancy within inter-observer variability for 2-D (RPD: 13%), but not 3-D (RPD: 27%) US (SEM: 1.47 cm3for 2-D, SEM: 2.28 cm3for 3-D), suggesting clinical utility. Tumors >40 cm3correlated poorly. Tumor volumes ≤20 cm3exhibited a good correlation to MRI. Studies of clinical applications are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Segundo J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Breast Imaging, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Blaise
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Hui-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kiluk
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khakpour
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laronga
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA. Electronic address: m.catherine.lee@Moffitt.org.
authors.forename: M Catherine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047368:Tumor Burden; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3-Dimensional; Breast cancer; Neoadjuvant treatment; Tumor volume; Ultrasound