title: A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products.
abstract: Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has a long ethnobotanical history across many disparate cultures as a treatment for viral infection and is currently one of the most-used medicinal plants worldwide. Until recently, however, substantial scientific research concerning its antiviral properties has been lacking. Here, we evaluate the state of current scientific research concerning the use of elderberry extract and related products as antivirals, particularly in the treatment of influenza, as well as their safety and health impacts as dietary supplements. While the extent of black elder's antiviral effects are not well known, antiviral and antimicrobial properties have been demonstrated in these extracts, and the safety of black elder is reflected by the United States Food and Drug Administration approval as generally recognized as safe. A deficit of studies comparing these S. nigra products and standard antiviral medications makes informed and detailed recommendations for use of S. nigra extracts in medical applications currently impractical. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-305X
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Martin's University, Lacey, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bode
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Sambucus nigra; antiviral; black elder; elderberry; influenza; review