title: The Predictive Value of Pulse Oximeters for Pulse Improvement after Angiography in Infants and Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information from pulse oximeter waves confirms the presence of a pulse and helps obtain waves from tissue when the supplying artery is not readily accessible.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the predictive value of pulse oximeters for detecting improved arterial pulses after angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional, multi-center study included 467 4-day-old to 12-year-old patients and was conducted from January 2012 to January 2016. Angiographies were performed on 12-year-old or younger children for various medical reasons using venous, arterial, or both types of paths. The posterior malleolar or dorsalis pedis were palpated in punctured lower extremities. In the absence of a pulse, pulse oximetry was performed to identify pulse curves at 1 hour, 6 hours, and 12 hours after each angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulse oximetry displayed the pulses of 319 patients immediately following each angiography. Of these, 262 patients had palpable pulses at 6 hours after angiography (P < 0.0001), while 57 patients had no palpable pulse. Of these 57 patients, 15 had no palpable pulse at 12 hours after angiography (P < 0.0001). The odds of pulse improvement in children 6 hours after catheter angiography were 76% for the arterial path, 90% for the venous path, and 83.2% for both paths. At 12 hours after catheter angiography, these values increased to 91.6% for the arterial path, 100% for the venous path, and 95.9% for both paths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pulse oximeter can display the pulse curve immediately (1 hour) after angiography and indicate pulse improvement at 12 hours maximally following an angiography. In this case, heparin alone may be used instead of thrombolytic agents.
authors.affiliation: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mazyar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rastegar
authors.affiliation: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghaderian
authors.affiliation: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedeh-Mahdieh
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Namayandeh
authors.affiliation: Preventive Cardiovascular Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faraji
authors.affiliation: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pezeshkpour
keywords: Angiography; Pulse Improvement; Pulse Oximeter