title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a single centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The advantages of a minimally invasive nephrectomy are a faster recovery and better quality of life for the donors. Until recently, the majority of donor nephrectomies in Poland were done by open surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a single centre experience in hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The first videoscopic left donor nephrectomy in Poland was performed in our department in 2003 using a hand-assisted retroperitoneal approach. From 2011, we changed the method to a transperitoneal approach and started to harvest also right kidneys. Since then, it has become the method of choice for donor nephrectomy and has been performed in 59 cases. Preoperatively, kidneys were assessed by scintigraphy and by angio-computed tomography. We harvested 32 left and 27 right kidneys. There were double renal arteries in 2 cases and triple renal arteries in 1 case. The warm ischaemia time (WIT) was 80-420 s (average 176.13 s); operative time was 85-210 min (average 140 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were uncomplicated, and all donors were discharged after 2-8 days with normal creatinine levels. The average follow-up period lasted 23 months (1-51 months). Out of all of the cases, 1 case had two minor complications, while all others were uneventful. None of the donors were lost to follow-up. All of the kidneys were transplanted. There were 2 cases of delayed graft function (DGF) and 2 cases of ureter necrosis. One of those kidneys was lost in the third postoperative week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our limited experience shows that HALDN is a safe method and should be used routinely instead of open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jakimowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macech
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Amro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsharabi
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grochowiecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation Medicine and Nephrology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewandowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaliciński
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation Medicine and Nephrology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pączek
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazarewski
keywords: hand-assisted laparoscopy; kidney donation; kidney transplantation; videoscopic nephrectomy