title: Margin of safety for two UV filters estimated by in vitro permeation studies mimicking consumer habits: Effects of skin shaving and sunscreen reapplication.
abstract: Sunscreens are intended to work on the skin. To be both efficient and safe, the lowest possible percutaneous permeation of UV filters should occur. The potential for systemic absorption of Benzophenone-3 (BP3, 10%) and Ethylhexyl Triazone (EHT, 5%) in a silicone-based water-in-oil emulsion was assessed in vitro using a full-thickness porcine-ear skin mimicking in-use conditions. The estimated Systemic Exposure Dose (SED) after the sunscreen application at 1.0 mg/cm2for 6 h (i) on the face; (ii) on the whole-body skin, was (i) 136 and 30; (ii) 4200 and 933 μg/kg_bw/d for BP3 and EHT, respectively. Reapplication does not mean the double risk; the SED values were only 1.40-1.37-fold greater. Skin shaving increased BP3 and EHT bioavailability 1.38 and 1.80-fold, respectively. Margin of Safety values were estimated according to guidelines applicable for European Union. For three realistic exposure scenarios, MoS of 48, 34 and 34 for BP3 in the sunscreen applied on the whole-body indicate some concerns regarding the safety for consumers (MoS<100). Despite undeniable functional benefits in sunscreens, BP3 concentration allowed in EU cosmetics (max. 10%) should be reviewed, especially in products intended for whole-body applications. The development of new UV filters should be focused on their specific physico-chemical properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cosmetology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: jarmila.hojerova@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hojerová
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cosmetology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: zuzana.perackova@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peráčková
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cosmetology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: martina.berankova@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beránková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000009:adverse effects; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D005615:Freezing; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D001577:Benzophenones; D004655:Emulsions; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014227:Triazines; C466618:octyl triazone; C005290:oxybenzone
keywords: Benzophenone-3; Ethylhexyl triazone; Human exposure assessment; Margin of safety; Shaving skin; Systemic exposure dose