title: Association of interleukin-2, -4 and -10 with dengue severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by four distinct serotypes of dengue virus. The pathogenesis of dengue is not very clearly understood. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the immune pathogenesis of dengue. Interleukin (IL)-2/IL-2 receptor interaction is supposed to play a protective role, while IL-4 acts as pro-inflammatory whereas IL-10 acts as anti-inflammatory cytokines. So far, not much information is available regarding the established role of these cytokines with dengue infection and severity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  our study aimed to show the association of IL-2, -4, and -10 with severity of dengue infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the year 2015; 150 blood samples from suspected dengue cases were confirmed for dengue and then with an equal number of healthy control samples were tested for cytokines levels (IL-2, -4, and -10) by ELISA. Severity of the dengue infection was determined on the basis of clinical manifestations based on the WHO criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  for statistical analysis, SPSS version 21 (IBM, New York, United States) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 150 samples, 56 samples came to be dengue positive. Thirty-eight (67.85%) cases were classified as nonsevere dengue and 18 (32.15%) were severe dengue. The serum levels of IL-4 and -10 were significantly raised in severe dengue cases as compared to nonsevere dengue cases. No significant association was observed between serum IL-2 levels and the severity of dengue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-4 and -10 levels can be used as marker of severe dengue and help in early preparedness to start the treatment in the line of severe dengue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kumar S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Abhishek
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravarti
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Baveja
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Oves
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003715:Dengue / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4