title: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Identification of Natural Antioxidants from the Fruit of Melastoma sanguineum Sims.
abstract: The fruit ofMelastoma sanguineumSims is an edible and sweet wild fruit. In our previous study, the fruit was found to have a strong antioxidant property. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was developed to extract natural antioxidants from the fruit ofMelastoma sanguineumSims, and a response surface methodology was used to optimize the conditions of UAE to maximize the extraction efficiency. The influence of five independent extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, solvent/material ratio, extracting time, temperature, and ultrasound power) on the extraction efficiency were investigated using a single factor experiment, and then a central composite rotatable design was used to investigate the interaction of three key parameters. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 42.98% ethanol, 28.29 mL/g solvent/material ratio, 34.29 min extracting time, 60 °C temperature, and 600 W ultrasound power. Under these conditions, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of the extracts was 1074.61 ± 32.56 μmol Trolox/g dry weight (DW). Compared with conventional maceration (723.27 ± 11.61 μmol Trolox/g DW) and Soxhlet extraction methods (518.37 ± 23.23 μmol Trolox/g DW), the UAE method improved the extraction efficiency, in a shorter period of time. In addition, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, rutin, epigallocatechin, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin, were identified and quantified in the fruit extracts ofMelastoma sanguineumSims by UPLC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhout43@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. xudp@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dong-Ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan 528403, China. zscdclsj@163.com.
authors.forename: Sheng-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. liya28@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhengj37@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhouyue3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhangjj46@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiao-Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. lihuabin@mail.sysu.edu.cn.|South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. lihuabin@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D035322:Melastomataceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Melastoma sanguineum Sims; antioxidant; fruit; phenolic compounds; response surface methodology; ultrasound-assisted extraction