title: Root length and alveolar bone level of impacted canines and adjacent teeth after orthodontic traction: a long-term evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term effects of orthodontic traction on root length and alveolar bone level in impacted canines and adjacent teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample consisted of 16 patients (nine males and seven females), mean initial age 11 years and 8 months presenting with unilaterally maxillary impacted canines, palatally displaced, treated with the same surgical and orthodontic approach. Teeth from the impacted-canine side were assigned as Group I (GI), and contralateral teeth as control, Group II (GII). The mean age of patients at the end of orthodontic treatment was 14 years and 2 months and the mean post-treatment time was 5 years and 11 months. Both contralateral erupted maxillary canines and adjacent teeth served as control. Root length and alveolar bone level (buccal and palatal) were evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The comparison of root length and alveolar bone level changes between groups were assessed by applying paired t-test, at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in root length and buccal and palatal bone levels of canines and adjacent teeth among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impacted canine treatment by closed-eruption technique associated with canine crown perforation, has a minimal effect on root length and buccal and palatal alveolar bone level in both canine and adjacent teeth, demonstrating that this treatment protocol has a good long-term prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, Brasil.
authors.forename: Aldir Cordeiro da
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, Brasil.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capistrano
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata Rodrigues de
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Almeida-Pedrin
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maurício de Almeida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leopoldino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capelozza
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000209:etiology; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome