title: Enhanced electrochemical degradation of ibuprofen in aqueous solution by PtRu alloy catalyst.
abstract: Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) regarded as a green technology for aqueous ibuprofen treatment was investigated in this study. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs), and PtRu alloy, of which physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, were used to synthesize three types of cheap and effective anodes based on commercial conductive glass. Furthermore, the operating parameters, such as the current densities, initial concentrations, and solution pH were also investigated. The intermediates determined by a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS system were used to evaluate the possible reaction pathway of ibuprofen (IBU). The results revealed that the usage of MWCNTs and PtRu alloy can effectively reduce the grain size of electrocatalysts and increase the surface activity from the XRD and XANES analysis. The results of CV analysis, degradation and mineralization efficiencies revealed that the EAOPs with PtRu-FTO anode were very effective due to advantages of the higher capacitance, CO tolerance, catalytic ability at less positive voltage and stability. The concentration trend of intermediates indicated that the potential cytotoxic to human caused by 1-(1-hydroxyenthyl)-4-isobutylbenzene was completely eliminated as the reaction time reaches 60 min. Therefore, EAOPs combined with synthesized anodes can be feasibly applied on the electrochemical degradation of ibuprofen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan. Electronic address: cfchang@thu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chiung-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan-Yao
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan County, 320, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Ju Monica
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Tsun
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012449:Safety; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014873:Water Pollutants; D010984:Platinum; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Electrochemical oxidation; Ibuprofen; Intermediates; Pt nanoparticles; PtRu alloy