title: 4D ultrasound imaging - ethically justifiable in India?
abstract: Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound (real-time volume sonography), which has been used in the West since the last decade for the determination of gender as well as for bonding and entertainment of the parents, has become widely available in India in this decade. Here, I would like to discuss the ethical issues associated with 4D ultrasonography in India. These are self-referral, the use of the technology for non-medical indications, a higher possibility of the disclosure of the foetus' gender and safety concerns.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, 7 Works Road, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 044, India,. ivraman31@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Venkatraman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Indiran
mesh_terms: D030881:Disclosure / Q000941:ethics*; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012449:Safety; D013672:Technology / Q000941:ethics*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000941:ethics* / Q000379:methods