title: Neuroprotective effects of pretreatment with quercetin as assessed by acetylcholinesterase assay and behavioral testing in poloxamer-407 induced hyperlipidemic rats.
abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a group of disorders characterized by excessive lipids in the bloodstream. It is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and recognized as the most important factor underlying the occurrence of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate whether pretreatment with quercetin can protect against possible memory impairment and deterioration of the cholinergic system in hyperlipidemic rats. Animals were divided into ten groups (n=7): saline/control, saline/quercetin 5mg/kg, saline/quercetin 25mg/kg, saline/quercetin 50mg/kg, saline/simvastatin (0.04mg/kg), hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia/quercetin 5mg/kg, hyperlipidemia/quercetin 25mg/kg, hyperlipidemia/quercetin 50mg/kg and hyperlipidemia/simvastatin. The animals were pretreated with quercetin by oral gavage for a period of 30days and hyperlipidemia was subsequently induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of 500mg/kg of poloxamer-407. Simvastatin was administered after the induction of hyperlipidemia. The results demonstrated that hyperlipidemic rats had memory impairment compared with the saline control group (P<0.001). However, pretreatment with quercetin and simvastatin treatment attenuated the damage caused by hyperlipidemia compared with the hyperlipidemic group (P<0.05). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral hippocampus was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in the hyperlipidemic group compared with the control saline group. Pretreatment with quercetin and simvastatin treatment in the hyperlipidemic groups significantly (P<0.05) increased AChE activity compared with the hyperlipidemic group. Our results thus suggest that quercetin may prevent memory impairment, alter lipid metabolism, and modulate AChE activity in an experimental model of hyperlipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: jobizzi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Josiane B S
authors.initials: JBS
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: jbruchel@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Jader B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruchel
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: fegha2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adefegha
authors.affiliation: Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: anapaulavisintainer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Paula V
authors.initials: APV
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: kelly-fisio@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kelly B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Trelles
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: cris_signor@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Signor
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: maribel.rubin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maribel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: juliana_sorraila@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliana S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Setor de Bioquímica e Estresse Oxidativo do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: guilhermelopesd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dornelles
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Setor de Bioquímica e Estresse Oxidativo do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: jobizzi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Cinthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: jobizzi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Lívia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Castilhos
authors.affiliation: Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: jobizzi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Daniela B R
authors.initials: DBR
authors.lastname: Leal
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020442:Poloxamer; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020442:Poloxamer; D011794:Quercetin; D019821:Simvastatin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Behavioral testing; Cholesterol; Flavonoid