title: Age-dependent atypicalities in body- and face-sensitive activation of the EBA and FFA in individuals with ASD.
abstract: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficuly in recognizing bodies and faces, which are more pronounced in children than adults. If such difficulties originate from dysfunction of the extrastriate body area (EBA) and the fusiform face area (FFA), activation in these regions might be more atypical in children than in adults. We preformed functional magnetic resonance imaging while children and adults with ASD and age-matched typically developed (TD) individuals observed face, body, car, and scene. To examine various aspects, we performed individual region of interest (ROI) analysis, as well as conventional random effect group analysis. At individual ROI analysis, we examined the ratio of participants showing a category-sensitive response, the size of regions, location and activation patterns among the four object categories. Adults with ASD showed no atypicalities in activation of the EBA and FFA, whereas children with ASD showed atypical activation in these regions. Specifically, a smaller percentage of children with ASD showed face-sensitive activation of the FFA than TD children. Moreover, the size of the EBA was smaller in children with ASD than in TD children. Our results revealed atypicalities in both the FFA and EBA in children with ASD but not in adults with ASD.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan. Electronic address: yokamoto@u-fukui.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan. Electronic address: hirotaka@u-fukui.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Japan; Division of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Human Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: Masamichi J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Brain Activity Imaging Center, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochiyama
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisakazu T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yanaka
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Munesue
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishitobi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Japan; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadato
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autism spectrum disorders; Development; Extrastriate body area; Fmri; Fusiform face area