title: The occurrence of enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a 200,000 m3/day partial nitration and Anammox activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant, Singapore.
abstract: Mainstream partial nitritation and Anammox (PN/A) has been observed and studied in the step-feed activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (WRP), which is the largest WRP (800,000 m3/d) in Singapore. This paper presents the study results for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) co-existing with PN/A in the activated sludge process. Both the in-situ EBPR efficiency and ex-situ activities of phosphorus release and uptake were high. The phosphorus accumulating organisms were dominant, with little presence of glycogen accumulating organisms in the activated sludge. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mass balance illustrated that the carbon usage for EBPR was the same as that for heterotrophic denitrification, owing to autotrophic PN/A conversions. This much lower carbon demand for nitrogen removal, compared to conventional biological nitrogen removal, made effective EBPR possible. This paper demonstrated for the first time the effective EBPR co-existence with PN/A in the mainstream in a large full-scale activated sludge process, and the feasibility to accommodate EBPR into the mainstream PN/A process. It also shows EBPR can work under warm climates.
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi1949@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yeshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi1949@hotmail.com; Changi Water Reclamation Plant, 10 Changi East Close, Singapore 498785.
authors.forename: Bee Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Loosdrecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Glen T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Daigger
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi1949@hotmail.com; Changi Water Reclamation Plant, 10 Changi East Close, Singapore 498785.
authors.forename: Hui Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Png
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi1949@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wah Yuen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi1949@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Chua Seng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chye
authors.forename: Yahya A B D
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Ghani
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D052818:Autotrophic Processes; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D058440:Denitrification; D058465:Nitrification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D012846:Singapore; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical