title: Increased risk of dementia in patients hospitalized with acute kidney injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is a risk factor for dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This nationwide population-based cohort study was based on data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 2000-2011. The incidence and relative risk of dementia were assessed in 207788 patients hospitalized for AKI. The comparison control was selected using the propensity score based on age, sex, index year and comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 12-year follow-up, patients with AKI had a significantly higher incidence for developing dementia than did the controls (8.84 vs 5.75 per 1000 person-y). A 1.88-fold increased risk of dementia (95% confidence interval, 1.76-2.01) was observed after adjustment for age, sex, and several comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, head injury, depression, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cancer, liver disease, chronic infection/inflammation, autoimmune disease, malnutrition).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that patients with AKI exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing dementia. This study provides evidence on the association between AKI and long-term adverse outcomes. Additional clinical studies investigating the related pathways are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Hsi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ruoh-Fang
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-3676
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology