title: A paper-based nanomodified electrochemical biosensor for ethanol detection in beers.
abstract: Herein, we report the first example of a paper-based screen-printed biosensor for the detection of ethanol in beer samples. Common office paper was adopted to fabricate the analytical device. The properties of this paper-based screen-printed electrode (SPE) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, and they were compared with the well-established polyester-based SPEs as well. Paper demonstrated similar properties when compared with polyester, highlighting suitability towards its utilization in sensor development, with the advantages of low cost and simple disposal by incineration. A nanocomposite formed by Carbon Black (CB) and Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), namely CB/PBNPs, was utilized as an electrocatalyst to detect the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzymatic reaction between alcohol oxidase (AOx) and ethanol. After optimizing the analytical parameters, such as pH, enzyme, concentration, and working potential, the developed biosensor allowed a facile quantification of ethanol up to 10 mM (0.058 %vol), with a sensitivity of 9.13 μA/mM cm2(1574 μA/%volcm2) and a detection limit equal to 0.52 mM (0.003%vol). These satisfactory performances rendered the realized paper-based biosensor reliable over the analysis of ethanol contained in four different types of beers, including Pilsner, Weiss, Lager, and alcohol-free. The proposed manufacturing approach offers an affordable and sustainable tool for food quality control and for the realization of different electrochemical sensors and biosensors as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.cinti@uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Danila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moscone
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: fabiana.arduini@uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arduini
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010209:Paper; D010843:Pichia / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D000431:Ethanol; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C019643:alcohol oxidase
keywords: Carbon black; Ethanol oxidase; Paper-based screen-printed electrode; Prussian blue nanoparticles; Wax printing