title: Preferable uptake of phosphate by hydrous zirconium oxide nanoparticles embedded in quaternary-ammonium Chinese reed.
abstract: Phosphate capture from aqueous was conducted using hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) embedded in quaternary-ammonium Chinese reed (CR-N+-HZO), and the characteristics of adsorbent was determined. HZO was dispersed as nanoparticles or nano-clusters on the external or inside the networking pores of CR-N+-HZO. The surface of CR-N+-HZO was heterogeneous with multiple adsorption sites, HZO nanocomposite and N+(CH2CH3)3Cl-, which both contributed to the adsorption process. The phosphate uptake by CR-N+-HZO was optimal at pH 3.0 and phosphate uptake by HZO nanocomposite was greatly inhibited at alkaline pH. Kinetics studies suggested that both the intra-particle mass-transfer and external resistances were likely to be the rate controlling steps. The Qmax(maximum adsorption capacity) of phosphate uptake by CR-N+-HZO and CR-N+(30°C) calculated based on Langmuir model was about 59.2mg(P)/g(CR-N+-HZO) and 30.4mg(P)/g(CR-N+). A high usage efficiency of Zr in CR-N+-HZO was observed with calculated molar ratio of P/Zr to be 3.07.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China. Electronic address: xuxing@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhongfei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: Adsorption; Competing anions; Hydrous zirconium oxide; Phosphate; Quaternary-ammonium