title: Common Skin Conditions in Children: Noninfectious Rashes.
abstract: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are among the most common noninfectious rashes of childhood. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are classified as morbilliform, urticarial, bullous, pustular, or psoriasiform. Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory cutaneous eruptions, and is characterized by pruritus and flexural distribution. Emollients and topical corticosteroids are first-line therapies. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are second-line, steroid-sparing drugs for certain conditions, such as face and eyelid eczema. Systemic and immunologic conditions have mucocutaneous features, such as malar rash, discoid lupus, and photosensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus; lip, oral, and extremity changes as well as polymorphous rash in Kawasaki disease; erythematous, scaly plaques in psoriasis; and xerosis and face, hand, and leg skin changes in type 1 diabetes. Genetic conditions that manifest as changes in skin pigmentation are important to recognize because of the thorough diagnostic evaluation they warrant, the often challenging interventions they necessitate, and the permanent disability that frequently accompanies them. These conditions include neurofibromatosis, LEOPARD syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects syndrome, hypomelanosis of Ito, and acanthosis nigricans. Childhood dermatologic emergencies often are associated with infection and drugs and require early recognition and intervention.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine, 590 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
authors.forename: Brian Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Rayala
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine Dermatology Residency Program, 410 Market St. Suite 400 CB#7715, Chapel Hill, NC 27516.
authors.forename: Dean S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Morrell
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004485:Eczema / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005194:Family Practice; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D003879:Dermatologic Agents