title: Crystal Growth and Dissolution of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite in Sequential Deposition: Correlation between Morphology Evolution and Photovoltaic Performance.
abstract: Crystal morphology and structure are important for improving the organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor property in optoelectronic, electronic, and photovoltaic devices. In particular, crystal growth and dissolution are two major phenomena in determining the morphology of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite in the sequential deposition method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell. In this report, the effect of immersion time in the second step, i.e., methlyammonium iodide immersion in the morphological, structural, optical, and photovoltaic evolution, is extensively investigated. Supported by experimental evidence, a five-staged, time-dependent evolution of the morphology of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite crystals is established and is well connected to the photovoltaic performance. This result is beneficial for engineering optimal time for methylammonium iodide immersion and converging the solar cell performance in the sequential deposition route. Meanwhile, our result suggests that large, well-faceted methylammonium lead iodide perovskite single crystal may be incubated by solution process. This offers a low cost route for synthesizing perovskite single crystal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Sen
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-You
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Chien
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-8275
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wei
keywords: crystal development; dissolution−recrystallization process; morphology evolution; perovskite solar cells; sequential deposition