title: Gene Expressions Underlying Mishandled Calcium Clearance and Elevated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells of Chronic Heart Failure Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The calcium clearance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations in the coronary artery smooth muscle cells in chronic heart failure (HF) have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we attempted to understand the gene expressions underlying the mishandling of calcium clearance and the accumulations of ROS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We initially established an animal model of chronic HF by making the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (CAL) in rats, and then isolated the coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells from the ischemic and the nonischemic parts of the coronary artery vessels in 12 weeks after CAL operation. The intracellular calcium concentration and ROS level were measured using flow cytometry, and the gene expressions of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), encoding sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a, encoding sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), and p47phox encoding a subunit of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase were examined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the calcium accumulation and ROS generation in the coronary artery smooth muscle cells isolated from either the ischemic or the nonischemic part of the CAL coronary artery vessel were significantly increased irrespective of blood supply (all P < 0.01). Moreover, these were accompanied by the increased expressions of NCX and p47phox, the decreased expression of SERCA2a, and the increased amount of phosphorylated forms of p47phox in NADPH oxidase (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that the disordered calcium clearance and the increased ROS generation occurred in the coronary artery smooth muscle cells in rats with chronic HF produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (CAL), and which was found to be disassociated from blood supply, and the increased generation of ROS in the cells was found to make concomitancy to the increased activity of NADPH oxidase in cytoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Xiu
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000; Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000; Department of Biological Science, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002118:Calcium