title: Ferrous iron/peroxymonosulfate oxidation as a pretreatment for ceramic ultrafiltration membrane: Control of natural organic matter fouling and degradation of atrazine.
abstract: Ferrous iron/peroxymonosulfate (Fe(II)/PMS) oxidation was employed as a pretreatment method for ultrafiltration process to control membrane fouling caused by natural organic matter, including humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and their mixture (HA-SA-BSA). To evaluate the mechanism of fouling mitigation, the effects of Fe(II)/PMS pretreatment on the characteristics of feed water were examined. The degradation of atrazine (ATZ) was also investigated and the species of generated radicals were preliminarily determined. Under the test exposure (15 and 50 μM), Fe(II)/PMS pretreatment effectively mitigated membrane fouling caused by HA, SA and HA-SA-BSA mixture, and the performance improved with the increase of Fe(II) or PMS dose; whereas aggravated BSA fouling at lower doses and fouling alleviation was observed only at a higher dose (50/50 μΜ). The fouling mitigation was mainly attributed to the effective reduction of organic loadings by coagulation with in-situ formed Fe(III). Its performance was comparable or even slightly higher than single coagulation with Fe(III), most likely due to the oxidation by Fe(II)/PMS process. Fe(II)/PMS oxidation showed better performance in reducing DOC and UV254, fluorescence intensities of fluorescent components and UV-absorbing compounds than single coagulation. In addition, Fe(II)/PMS pretreatment was efficient in ATZ degradation due to the generation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, whereas coagulation was ineffective to remove it.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: cxx19890823@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: hitliangheng@163.com.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: dinganhit@gmail.com.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: tang5462@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: ahxclb@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: zhuxuewu1314@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuewu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: ganzhendong_hit@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhendong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250101, PR China. Electronic address: wdj@sdjzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Daoji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address: hitsteven@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guibai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine; D002516:Ceramics; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007501:Iron; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D007501:Iron; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Atrazine (ATZ); Ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane; Ferrous iron/peroxymonosulfate (Fe(II)/PMS); Membrane fouling; Natural organic matter (NOM)