title: Role of the long non-coding RNA PVT1 in the dysregulation of the ceRNA-ceRNA network in human breast cancer.
abstract: Recent findings have identified competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) as the drivers in many disease conditions, including cancers. The ceRNAs indirectly regulate each other by reducing the amount of microRNAs (miRNAs) available to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The ceRNA interactions mediated by miRNAs are modulated by a titration mechanism, i.e. large changes in the ceRNA expression levels either overcome, or relieve, the miRNA repression on competing RNAs; similarly, a very large miRNA overexpression may abolish competition. The ceRNAs are also called miRNA "decoys" or miRNA "sponges" and encompass different RNAs competing with each other to attract miRNAs for interactions: mRNA, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), pseudogenes, or circular RNAs. Recently, we developed a computational method for identifying ceRNA-ceRNA interactions in breast invasive carcinoma. We were interested in unveiling which lncRNAs could exert the ceRNA activity. We found a drastic rewiring in the cross-talks between ceRNAs from the physiological to the pathological condition. The main actor of this dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network was the lncRNA PVT1, which revealed a net biding preference towards the miR-200 family members in normal breast tissues. Despite its up-regulation in breast cancer tissues, mimicked by the miR-200 family members, PVT1 stops working as ceRNA in the cancerous state. The specific conditions required for a ceRNA landscape to occur are still far from being determined. Here, we emphasized the importance of the relative concentration of the ceRNAs, and their related miRNAs. In particular, we focused on the withdrawal in breast cancer tissues of the PVT1 ceRNA activity and performed a gene expression and sequence analysis of its multiple isoforms. We found that the PVT1 isoform harbouring the binding site for a representative miRNA of the miR-200 family shows a drastic decrease in its relative concentration with respect to the miRNA abundance in breast cancer tissues, providing a plausibility argument to the breakdown of the sponge program orchestrated by the oncogene PVT1.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiscon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiara
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-2047
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paci
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C521123:PVT1 long-non-coding RNA, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding