title: EFFECTIVE DOSE PER UNIT KERMA-AREA PRODUCT CONVERSION FACTORS IN ADULTS UNDERGOING MODIFIED BARIUM SWALLOW STUDIES.
abstract: This study presents an investigation of adult effective dose (E) per unit Kerma-Area Product (KAP) in Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS) examinations. PC program for X-ray Monte Carlo (version 2.0.1) was used to calculate patient organ doses during MBSS examinations, which used combined to generate effective dose. Normalized patient doses were obtained by dividing the effective dose (mSv) by the incident KAP (Gy·cm2). Five standard projections were studied and the importance of X-ray beam size and in patient size (body mass index) were investigated. Lateral projections had an average E/KAP conversion factor of 0.19 ± 0.04 mSv/Gy·cm2. The average E/KAP was highest for upper gastrointestinal (GI) anterior-posterior projections (0.27 ± 0.04 mSv/Gy·cm2) and lowest for upper GI posterior-anterior projections (0.09 ± 0.03 mSv/Gy·cm2). E/KAP always increased with increasing filtration and/or X-ray tube voltage. Reducing the X-ray beam cross-sectional area increased the E/KAP conversion factors. Small patients have the E/KAP conversion factors that are twice those of a standard adult. Conversion factors for effective dose of adult patients undergoing MBSS examinations must account for X-ray beam projection, beam quality (kV and filtration), image size and patient size.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina , 77 President St, MSC 700, Charleston, SC 29425-2503, USA.
authors.forename: Heather Shaw
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bonilha
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina , 77 President St, MSC 700, Charleston, SC 29425-2503, USA.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilmskoetter
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425-3230, USA.
authors.forename: Sameer V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Tipnis
authors.affiliation: Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 70 Arts Circle Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martin-Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate