title: What Are the Advantages of 3D Cameras in Gynaecological Laparoscopy?
abstract: IntroductionMinimally invasive operative techniques are being used increasingly in gynaecological surgery. The expansion of the laparoscopic operation spectrum is in part the result of improved imaging. This study investigates the practical advantages of using 3D cameras in routine surgical practice.Materials and MethodsTwo different 3-dimensional camera systems were compared with a 2-dimensional HD system; the operating surgeon's experiences were documented immediately postoperatively using a questionnaire.ResultsSignificant advantages were reported for suturing and cutting of anatomical structures when using the 3D compared to 2D camera systems. There was only a slight advantage for coagulating. The use of 3D cameras significantly improved the general operative visibility and in particular the representation of spacial depth compared to 2-dimensional images. There was not a significant advantage for image width. Depiction of adhesions and retroperitoneal neural structures was significantly improved by the stereoscopic cameras, though this did not apply to blood vessels, ureter, uterus or ovaries.Conclusion3-dimensional cameras were particularly advantageous for the depiction of fine anatomical structures due to improved spacial depth representation compared to 2D systems. 3D cameras provide the operating surgeon with a monitor image that more closely resembles actual anatomy, thus simplifying laparoscopic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UKSH Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Praxisklinik am Rosengarten, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sillem
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ney
authors.affiliation: Praxis Prof. Dr. Dhom & Partner, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Frauenklinik, HELIOS-Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radosa
authors.affiliation: Viszera Chirurgie-Zentrum, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Palliativmedizin und Kinderschmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gronwald
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Zentrum für Palliativmedizin und Kinderschmerztherapie, Homburg/Saar.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottschling
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Solomayer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UKSH Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rody
authors.affiliation: Universitätsfrauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joukhadar
keywords: 3D; advantage; clinical use; laparoscopy