title: Evaluation of surgical anti-adhesion products to reduce postsurgical intra-abdominal adhesion formation in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesions frequently occur after abdominal surgery. Many anti-adhesion products have been used in clinic. However, the evidences are short for surgeons to reasonably choose the suitable anti-adhesion produces in clinical practice. This study provided such evidence by comparing the efficiency of five products to prevent abdominal adhesion formation in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham-operation group, adhesion group, and five product groups (n = 8). The abdomens of rats were opened. The injuries were created on abdominal wall and cecum in the adhesion and product groups. The wounds on abdominal wall and cecum of rats in the adhesion group were not treated before the abdomens were closed. The wounds on abdominal wall and cecum of rats in the product groups were covered with anti-adhesion product: polylactic acid (PLA) film, Seprafilm®, medical polyethylene glycol berberine liquid (PEG), medical sodium hyaluronate gel (HA), or medical chitosan (Chitosan). Fourteen days after surgery, the adhesions were evaluated by incidence, severity, adhesion area on abdominal wall and adhesion breaking strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of PLA film and Seprafilm® significantly reduced the incidence, severity, adhesion area and breaking strength of cecum-abdomen adhesion (P<0.05). HA, PEG and Chitosan failed to significantly reduce the cecum-abdomen adhesion (P>0.05). The statistical significances in the incidence and severity of abdomen-adipose adhesion between adhesion group and the product groups were not achieved. However, Seprafilm® was more effective to reduce abdomen-adipose adhesion than PLA film. Furthermore, it was found that the products tested in this study did not effectively reduce cecum-adipose adhesion. The application of PEG could result in abdomen-small intestine adhesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of this study, the preference order of anti-adhesion products used to reduce postsurgical intra-abdominal adhesion formation is Seprafilm > PLA >> HA > Chitosan > PEG.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Long-Xiang
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ni-Na
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D048271:Chitosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; C118198:Seprafilm; C033616:poly(lactide); D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan