title: Patch-Based Super-Resolution of MR Spectroscopic Images: Application to Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Purpose:Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provides complementary information to conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Acquiring high resolution MRSI is time consuming and requires complex reconstruction techniques.Methods:In this paper, a patch-based super-resolution method is presented to increase the spatial resolution of metabolite maps computed from MRSI. The proposed method uses high resolution anatomical MR images (T1-weighted and Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) to regularize the super-resolution process. The accuracy of the method is validated against conventional interpolation techniques using a phantom, as well as simulated andin vivoacquired human brain images of multiple sclerosis subjects.Results:The method preserves tissue contrast and structural information, and matches well with the trend of acquired high resolution MRSI.Conclusions:These results suggest that the method has potential for clinically relevant neuroimaging applications.
authors.affiliation: icometrix, R&D Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: icometrix, R&DLeuven, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.affiliation: Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Faezeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanaei Nezhad
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hangel
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR ImagingVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.affiliation: Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; ImecLeuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Huffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, PSI Medical Image Computing, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: icometrix, R&DLeuven, Belgium; BioImaging Lab, Universiteit AntwerpenAntwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smeets
keywords: magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging; multiple sclerosis; patch-based; super-resolution; up-sampling