title: Antimicrobial activity of HL-60 cells compared to primary blood-derived neutrophils against Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human leukemia cell line HL-60 is considered an alternative cell culture model to study neutrophil differentiation and migration. The aim of this study was to characterize the suitability of HL-60 cells differentiated to neutrophil-like cells (nHL-60) as substitute for blood-derived human neutrophils to investigate the interaction of neutrophils with Staphylococcus aureus.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, antimicrobial activity, bacterial uptake, production of reactive oxygen species and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by nHL-60 cells were analyzed and compared to primary blood-derived neutrophils using Staphylococcus aureus as important human and animal pathogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the antimicrobial activities of nHL-60 cells were distinctly lower compared to blood-derived neutrophils. Furthermore, production of reactive oxygen species as well as NET formation was clearly impaired in nHL-60 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that HL-60 cells are of limited usage as an alternative model to study antimicrobial functions of neutrophils against Staphylococcus aureus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ragheda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yaseen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blodkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.|Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lüthje
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reuner
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Völlger
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hassan Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany. mkoeckbl@tiho-hannover.de.|Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany. mkoeckbl@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Köckritz-Blickwede
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: Myeloperoxidase; Neutrophil extracellular traps; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcus aureus