title: Whole-genome association analysis of pork meat pH revealed three significant regions and several potential genes in Finnish Yorkshire pigs.
abstract: One of the most commonly used quality measurements of pork is pH measured 24 h after slaughter. The most probable mode of inheritance for this trait is oligogenic with several known major genes, such as PRKAG3. In this study, we used whole-genome SNP genotypes of over 700 AI boars; after a quality check, 42,385 SNPs remained for association analysis. All the boars were purebred Finnish Yorkshire. To account for relatedness of the animals, a pedigree-based relationship matrix was used in a mixed linear model to test the effect of SNPs on pH measured from loin. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the most promising genes in the significant regions related to meat quality.
  
  
  
  Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed three significant chromosomal regions: one on chromosome 3 (39.9 Mb-40.1 Mb) and two on chromosome 15 (58.5 Mb-60.5 Mb and 132 Mb-135 Mb including PRKAG3). A conditional analysis with a significant SNP in the PRKAG3 region, MARC0083357, as a covariate in the model retained the significant SNPs on chromosome 3. Even though linkage disequilibrium was relatively high over a long distance between MARC0083357 and other significant SNPs on chromosome 15, some SNPs retained their significance in the conditional analysis, even in the vicinity of PRKAG3. The significant regions harbored several genes, including two genes involved in cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling: ADCY9 and CREBBP. Based on functional and transcription factor-gene networks, the most promising candidate genes for meat pH are ADCY9, CREBBP, TRAP1, NRG1, PRKAG3, VIL1, TNS1, and IGFBP5, and the key transcription factors related to these genes are HNF4A, PPARG, and Nkx2-5.
  
  
  
  Based on SNP association, pathway, and transcription factor analysis, we were able to identify several genes with potential to control muscle cell homeostasis and meat quality. The associated SNPs can be used in selection for better pork. We also showed that post-GWAS analysis reveals important information about the genes' potential role on meat quality. The gained information can be used in later functional studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science/Animal Breeding, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Verardo
authors.affiliation: Green technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.
authors.forename: Marja-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sevón-Aimonen
authors.affiliation: Figen Oy, Seinäjoki, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Serenius
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hietakangas
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. pekka.uimari@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5349-3932
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uimari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Association analysis; Meat quality; Pig; Post-GWAS analysis