title: Hypoglycemic drugs induce antioxidant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and remain high in patients with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The antioxidant system results essential to control and prevent lipid peroxidation due to stress damage in type 2 diabetes. An example is aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an enzyme that is involved in the detoxification of aldehydes formed during lipid peroxidation. This study was conducted to evaluate ALDH activity and to determine their association with hypoglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes patients. The study population consisted of 422 Mexican subjects: a control group and type 2 diabetes patients. Type 2 diabetes patients were re-classified as those with or without hypoglycemic treatment and those with or without glycemic control (according to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)). Clinical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities (ALDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative markers (reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) were evaluated. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers were higher in type 2 diabetes patients with hypoglycemic treatment and without glycemic control than control group. The activity of ALDH and SOD remained high in type 2 diabetes patients with moderate glycemic control while only ALDH's remained high in type 2 diabetes patients with tight glycemic control. Increased ALDH and SOD activities were associated with hypoglycemic therapy. TBARS levels were associated with glycemic control. The persistence of high ALDH and SOD activities in type 2 diabetes patients with glycemic control may be to avoid a significant damage due to the increase in reactive oxygen species and TBARS. It is possible that this new oxidative status prevented the development the classical complications of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picazo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angélica S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Osorio
authors.affiliation: Medical Center Dalinde, Tuxpan 25, Roma Sur, 06760 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Porfirio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zúñiga-Mejía
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverri
authors.affiliation: General Hospital of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monroy
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos", ISSSTE, Av. Universidad 1321, Florida, 01030 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: M Eunice
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Arellano
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: dianabarrera@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrera-Oviedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Superoxide dismutase; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances