title: Minimum number of days required for a reliable estimate of daily step count and energy expenditure, in people with MS who walk unaided.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the minimum number of days needed to reliably estimate daily step count and energy expenditure (EE), in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who walked unaided.
  
  
  
  Seven days of activity monitor data were collected for 26 participants with MS (age=44.5±11.9years; time since diagnosis=6.5±6.2years; Patient Determined Disease Steps=≤3). Mean daily step count and mean daily EE (kcal) were calculated for all combinations of days (127 combinations), and compared to the respective 7-day mean daily step count or mean daily EE using intra-class correlations (ICC), the Generalizability Theory and Bland-Altman.
  
  
  
  For step count, ICC values of 0.94-0.98 and a G-coefficient of 0.81 indicate a minimum of any random 2-day combination is required to reliably calculate mean daily step count. For EE, ICC values of 0.96-0.99 and a G-coefficient of 0.83 indicate a minimum of any random 4-day combination is required to reliably calculate mean daily EE. For Bland-Altman analyses all combinations of days, bar single day combinations, resulted in a mean bias within ±10%, when expressed as a percentage of the 7-day mean daily step count or mean daily EE.
  
  
  
  A minimum of 2days for step count and 4days for EE, regardless of day type, is needed to reliably estimate daily step count and daily EE, in people with MS who walk unaided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Science, ​University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK. Electronic address: michelle.norris@port.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Motl
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking
keywords: Accelerometry; Chronic disease; Pedometry; Physical activity