title: Assessment and Evaluation of an Integrated Hybrid Anaerobic-Aerobic Sewage Treatment System for the Removal of Enteric Viruses.
abstract: The capability of a cost-effective and a small size decentralized pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to remove enteric viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus genogroup I (GGI), norovirus genogroup II (GGII), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), and adenovirus was studied. This pilot plant is an integrated hybrid anaerobic/aerobic setup which consisted of anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), biological aerated filter (BAF), and inclined plate settler (IPS). Both the UASB and BAF are packed with a non-woven polyester fabric (NWPF). Results indicated that the overall log10reductions of enteric viruses' genome copies through the whole system were 3.1 ± 1, 3.3 ± 0.5, and 2.6 ± 0.9 log10for rotavirus, norovirus GGI, and adenovirus, respectively. Reduction efficiency for both norovirus GGII and HEV after the different treatment steps could not be calculated because there were no significant numbers of positive samples for both viruses. The overall reduction of rotavirus infectious units through the whole system was 2.2 ± 0.8 log10reduction which is very close to the overall log10reduction of adenovirus infectious units through the whole system which was 2.1 ± 0.8 log10reduction. There was no considerable difference in the removal efficiency for different rotavirus G and P types. Adenovirus 41 was the only type detected in the all positive samples. Although the pilot WWTP investigated is cost effective, has a small footprint, does not need a long distance network pipes, and easy to operate, its efficiency to remove enteric viruses is comparable with the conventional centralized WWTPs.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Virology Lab., Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Buhouth st., Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt. waledmorsy@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Waled Morsy
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: El-Senousy
authors.affiliation: Wastewater Treatment Lab., Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Buhouth st., Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sohair Imam
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Abou-Elela
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology*; D014876:Water Pollution; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage
keywords: Adenovirus; Anaerobic sludge blanket; Biological aerated filter; Hepatitis E virus; Norovirus; Rotavirus