title: Kidney Organoids: A Translational Journey.
abstract: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are attractive sources for regenerative medicine and disease modeling in vitro. Directed hPSC differentiation approaches have derived from knowledge of cell development in vivo rather than from stochastic cell differentiation. Moreover, there has been great success in the generation of 3D organ-buds termed 'organoids' from hPSCs; these consist of a variety of cell types in vitro that mimic organs in vivo. The organoid bears great potential in the study of human diseases in vitro, especially when combined with CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing. We summarize the current literature describing organoid studies with a special focus on kidney organoids, and discuss goals and future opportunities for organoid-based studies.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: morizanr@da2.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morizane
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: JBONVENTRE@partners.org.
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bonventre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009399:Nephrons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*