title: Antibiotics do not affect the degradation of fungicides and enhance the mineralization of chlorpyrifos in biomixtures.
abstract: The use of antibiotics in agriculture produces residues in wastewaters. The disposal of such wastewaters in biopurification systems (BPS) employed for the treatment of pesticides could result in the inhibition of the degrading capacity of the biomixtures used in the BPS. We assayed the effect of two commercial formulations of antibiotics used in agriculture, one containing kasugamycin (KSG) and the other oxytetracycline plus gentamicin (OTC+GTM), on the biomixture performance. Doses from 0.1mgkg-1to 1000mgkg-1of KSG increased the respiration of the biomixture, and low doses enhanced the mineralization rate of the insecticide14C-chlorpyrifos. On the contrary, OTC+GTM depressed the respiration of the biomixture and the initial mineralization rate of14C-chlorpyrifos; nonetheless, the antibiotics did not decrease overall mineralization values. The application of both formulations in the biomixture at a relevant concentration did not harm the removal of the fungicides carbendazim and metalaxyl, or their enhanced degradation; on the other hand, the biomixture was unable to dissipate tebuconazol or triadimenol, a result that was unchanged during the addition of the antibiotic formulations. These findings reveal that wastewater containing these antibiotics do not affect the performance of BPS. However, such a response may vary depending on the type of pesticide and microbial consortium in the biomixture.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Castillo-González
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Villanueva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masís-Mora
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castro-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: carlos.rodriguezrodriguez@ucr.ac.cr.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D002219:Carbamates / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000378:metabolism*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000409:Alanine; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007306:Insecticides; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C028175:metalaxyl; C006698:carbendazim
keywords: Antibiotics; Biomixture; Biopurification systems; Degradation; Pesticides