title: Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides inAedes aegyptiAag2 Cells.
abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important group of immune effectors that play a role in combating microbial infections in invertebrates. Most of the current information on the regulation of insect AMPs in microbial infection have been gained fromDrosophila, and their regulation in other insects are still not completely understood. Here, we generated an AMP induction profile in response to infections with some Gram-negative, -positive bacteria, and fungi inAedes aegyptiembryonic Aag2 cells. Most of the AMP inductions caused by the gram-negative bacteria was controlled by the Immune deficiency (Imd) pathway; nonetheless,Gambicin, anAMPgene discovered only in mosquitoes, was combinatorially regulated by the Imd, Toll and JAK-STAT pathways in the Aag2 cells.Gambicinpromoter analyses including specific sequence motif deletions implicated these three pathways inGambicinactivity, as shown by a luciferase assay. Moreover, the recognition between Rel1 (refer to Dif/Dorsal inDrosophila) and STAT and their regulatory sites at theGambicinpromoter site was validated by a super-shift electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Our study provides information that increases our understanding of the regulation ofAMPs in response to microbial infections in mosquitoes. And it is a new finding that theA. aegyptiAMPs are mainly regulated Imd pathway only, which is quite different from the previous understanding obtained from Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; School of Life Science, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Rudian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; School of Life Science, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: SZCDC-SUSTech Joint Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Renli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; SZCDC-SUSTech Joint Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
keywords: antimicrobial peptides; innate immunity; insect immunity; mosquito; regulation