title: Intimate Partner Violence Screening in the Veterans Health Administration: Demographic and Military Service Characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes psychological, physical, or sexual aggression by a current or former intimate partner and is associated with a wide range of health and social impacts, especially for women. Women veterans may be at increased risk for experiencing IPV, and some Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities have initiated routine screening of female patients for past-year IPV. This study presents the first examination of clinical IPV screening responses recorded from female VHA patients across 13 facilities nationwide, and identifies associations with patient demographic and military service characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic medical record data were extracted for a cohort of 8,885 female VHA patients who completed screening for experience of past-year IPV during a clinic visit between April 2014 and April 2016. Analyses, conducted in 2016, examined the overall proportion of patients screening positive for IPV, as well as associations by demographic and military service characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 8.7% of patients screened positive for past-year IPV. Odds of screening positive for IPV were higher among women who were younger (aged <35 years); married; served in the most recent conflict era; experienced sexual assault or harassment during military service; or had not served in the military (non-veterans).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study findings indicate a significant proportion of female VHA patients disclosing past-year IPV during clinical screening, and identify characteristics associated with increased vulnerability. Implications for future research and program implementation include addressing high-risk subpopulations and further investigating the impact of screening and follow-up care.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: melissa.dichter@va.gov.
authors.forename: Melissa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dichter
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Terri N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Anneliese E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Scarlett L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bellamy
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Iverson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*