title: Phenolic Acid Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and miRNA Regulation in the Polyphenols of 16 Blueberry Samples from China.
abstract: To investigate the anti-atherosclerosis related mechanism of blueberries, the phenolic acids (PAs) content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the microRNA (miRNA) regulation of polyphenol fractions in blueberry samples from China were studied. Sixteen batches of blueberries including 14 commercialized cultivars (Reka, Patriot, Brigitta, Bluecrop, Berkeley, Duke, Darrow, Northland, Northblue, Northcountry, Bluesource, Southgood, O'Neal, and Misty) were used in this study. Seven PAs in the polyphenol fractions from 16 blueberry samples in China were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS²). The antioxidant activities of blueberry polyphenols were tested by (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) assay. The anti-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) activities of the polyphenol fractions of the blueberries were investigated by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The correlation analysis showed that the antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) and anti-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) activities of the polyphenol fractions of the blueberries were in accordance with their PA contents. Although the polyphenol-enriched fractions of blueberries could inhibit the microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-125b) to different extents, no significant contribution from the PAs was observed. The inhibition of these miRNAs could mostly be attributed to the other compounds present in the polyphenol-enriched fraction of the blueberries. This is the first study to evaluate the PAs content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and miRNA regulation of Chinese blueberries.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. suxianming@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China. jianzhang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. wanghongqing@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hongqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. xujing@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. hejiuming@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jiuming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. liuliying@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 3 Yabao Street, Beijing 100020, China. brendatingting@126.com.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. rych@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ruoyun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China. jiekang@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Chinese blueberry; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; half-highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum/Vaccinium anugustifolium); highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum); miRNA