title: Recent Advances on Magnetic Relaxation Switching Assay-Based Nanosensors.
abstract: Magnetic relaxation switching assay (MRSw)-based nanosensors respond to the changes of transverse relaxation time (T2) of water molecules resulted from the analyte-induced aggregation and disaggregation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This strategy has been widely applied to the detections of various substrates from heavy metal ions to organic pollutants, proteins, nucleic acids, bacteria and viruses, and specific cells. Compared with other nanosensors, MRSw-based nanosensors not only are free from the background interferences, signal bleaching, and quenching but also overcome light scattering from samples without pretreatments. Therefore, MRSw-based nanosensors have been developed as real-time and on-site detection platforms for environmental protection, food safety, and risk assessment. This review summarizes the latest developments of the principles, the applicable magnetic nanoparticles, and the exploited environmental and biological applications of MRSw-based nanosensors.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China.
authors.forename: Shiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-5862
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011506:Proteins