title: CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY ASSESSED WITH SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) of diabetic eyes (different stages of disease) with controls, using swept-source optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects using swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging. Choroidal thickness maps, according to the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields, were obtained using automated software. Mean CT was calculated as the mean value within the ETDRS grid, and central CT as the mean in the central 1 mm. Diabetic eyes were divided into four groups: no diabetic retinopathy (No DR), nonproliferative DR (NPDR), NPDR with diabetic macular edema (NPDR + DME), and proliferative DR (PDR). Multilevel mixed linear models were performed for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors included 50 control and 160 diabetic eyes (n = 27 No DR, n = 51 NPDR, n = 61 NPDR + DME, and n = 21 PDR). Mean CT (ß = -42.9, P = 0.022) and central CT (ß = -50.2, P = 0.013) were statistically significantly thinner in PDR eyes compared with controls, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Controlling for age, DR eyes presented a significantly decreased central CT than diabetic eyes without retinopathy (β = -36.2, P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Swept-source optical coherence tomography demonstrates a significant reduction of CT in PDR compared with controls. In the foveal region, the choroid appears to be thinner in DR eyes than in diabetic eyes without retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laíns
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Talcott
authors.affiliation: Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light, Coimbra, Portugal.|School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: João H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Deeba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ivana K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rufino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity