title: The crossroads between cancer immunity and autoimmunity: antibodies to self antigens.
abstract: The production of autoantibodies to self antigens is dependent on the failure of immune tolerance. Cancer cells express antigens which elicit a spontaneous immune response in cancer patients. The repertoire of autoantibodies found in cancer patients partly covers that of patients with autoimmune diseases. Biological activities of autoantibodies to self antigens may induce paraneoplastic syndromes which reflect the attempt of cancer patients to counteract tumor growth. Autoantibodies with similar specificities may have different effects in cancer and autoimmune disease patients due to different immunological microenvironments. Tregs dysfunction has been observed in patients with paraneoplastic syndromes and/or with autoimmune diseases, while the increase of Tregs has been associated with poor cancer patients prognosis. Novel therapies have employed antibodies against Tregs immune-checkpoint receptors with the aim to boost immune response in cancer patients. The presence of autoantibodies to tumors antigens has also been investigated as a marker for cancer detection and cancer patients prognosis. This report reviews the current knowledge on the analysis and meaning of autoantibodies to self antigens detected in cancer and autoimmune disease patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benvenuto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattera
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00164 Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masuelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tresoldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Giganti
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Human and Health, University of Rome \'Foro Italico\', Rome, 00135 Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni Vanni
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Frajese
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manzari
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy,and Center for Regenerative Medicine, (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133 Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modesti
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy, bei@med.uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bei
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D020361:Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor