title: Evaluation of Metal Ion Concentration in Hard Tissues of Teeth in Residents of Central Poland.
abstract: Objectives.The aim of the study was an assessment of the content of trace elements in enamel and dentin of teeth extracted in patients residing in urban and agricultural areas of Poland.Methods.The study included 30 generally healthy patients with retained third molars. 65 samples of enamel and dentin from individuals living in urban areas and 85 samples of enamel and dentin from individuals living in agricultural areas were prepared. The content of manganese, lead, cadmium, and chromium in the studied enamel and dentin samples from retained teeth was determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In the process of statistical hypothesis testing, the level of significance was assumed atα= 0.05.Results.A comparative analysis of the data showed that enamel and dentin of inhabitants of industrialized areas contain significantly higher amounts of lead and cadmium than hard tissues of teeth in residents of agricultural areas and comparable amounts of manganese and chromium.Significance.It appears that hard tissues of retained teeth may constitute valuable material for assessment of long-term environmental exposure to metal ions. The study confirms that the risk of exposure to heavy metals depends on the place of residence and environmental pollution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wychowanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1831-0491
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011044:Poland; D014070:Tooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese