title: Pedagogical Approaches to and Effects of Fundamental Movement Skill Interventions on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are assumed to be the basic prerequisite motor movements underpinning coordination of more integrated and advanced movement capabilities. FMS development and interventions have been associated with several beneficial health outcomes in individual studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this review was to identify FMS intervention characteristics that could be optimised to attain beneficial outcomes in children and adolescents, while the secondary aim was to update the evidence as to the efficacy of FMS interventions on physiological, psychological and behavioural health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search [adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines] was conducted in seven databases. Studies were included if they conducted an FMS intervention and targeted at least one physiological, behavioural or psychological outcome in school-aged children (5-18 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine studies examining the effect of FMS interventions relative to controls were identified. Specialist-led interventions, taught in conjunction with at-home practice and parent involvement, appeared more efficacious in enhancing FMS proficiency than school physical education alone. Intervention environments encouraging psychological autonomy were likely to enhance perceived and actual competence in FMS alongside physical activity. FMS interventions had little influence on overweight/obesity reduction, strength or flexibility. In 93% of studies, evidence indicated interventions improved FMS motor proficiency. Favourable specific physiological, psychological and behavioural outcomes were also identified across a variety of interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With reference to clinical and normative school-age populations, future studies should be directed toward determining validated standard FMS assessments to enable accurate effect estimates, permit intervention comparisons and improve the efficacy of FMS development.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise and Sport Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East St, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia. claire.tompsett@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4064-6530
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tompsett
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise and Sport Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East St, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise and Sport Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East St, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise and Sport Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East St, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cobley
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012574:Schools
keywords: Athletic Competence; Fundamental Movement Skill; Habitual Physical Activity; Physical Activity; Physical Education