title: A Diagnostic Scoring System for Sacroiliac Joint Pain Originating from the Posterior Ligament.
abstract: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain originating from the posterior ligament manifests in not only the buttocks but also the groin and lower extremities and thus may be difficult to discern from pain secondary to other lumbar disorders. We aimed to develop a simple clinical diagnostic tool to help physicians distinguish between patients with SIJ pain originating from the posterior ligament and those with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS).
  
  
  
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  
  We evaluated 62 patients with SIJ pain originating from the posterior ligament and 59 patients with LDH and LSS. Pain areas, pain increasing positions, provocation test, and tenderness points were investigated. A scoring system based on multivariate logistic regression equations using the investigated items was developed.
  
  
  
  Two pain areas (the posterosuperior iliac spine (PSIS) detected by the one-finger test and groin), pain while sitting on a chair, provocation test, and two tenderness points (PSIS and the sacrotuberous ligament) had high odds ratios (range, 25.87–1.40) and were used as factors in the scoring system. An integer score derived from the regression coefficient and clinical experience was assigned to each identified risk factor. The sum of the risk score for each patient ranged from 0–9. This scoring system had a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 86.4% for a positivity cutoff point of 4.
  
  
  
  The scoring system can help distinguish between patients with SIJ pain originating from the posterior ligament and those with LDH and LSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Low Back Pain and Sacroiliac Joint Center, JCHO Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Low Back Pain and Sacroiliac Joint Center, JCHO Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kikuno Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro Rousai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro Rousai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Spine and Spinal Cord Center, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Spine and Spinal Cord Center, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita Kosei Medical Center, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Musha
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita Kosei Medical Center, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008022:Ligaments; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Diagnostic Scoring System; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Sacroiliac Joint; Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament; Lumbar Disorder