title: High-resolution ultrasound visualization of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of imaging the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) over its entire course has not been clarified. Therefore, this study evaluates the feasibility of visualizing the DBUN from its origin to the most distal point.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) with high-frequency probes (18-22 MHZ), HRUS-guided ink marking, and consecutive dissection in 8 fresh cadaver hands. In both hands of 10 healthy volunteers (n = 20), the cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured at 2 different locations (R1 and R2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DBUN was clearly visible in all anatomical specimens and in healthy volunteers. Dissection confirmed HRUS findings in all anatomical specimens. The mean CSA was 1.8 ± 0.5 mm2at R1 and 1.6 ± 0.4 mm2at R2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that the DBUN can be reliably visualized over its entire course with HRUS in anatomical specimens and in healthy volunteers. Muscle Nerve 56: 1101-1107, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-0456
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riegler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-7707
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lieba-Samal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brugger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pivec
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Platzgummer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vierhapper
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muschitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Suren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jengojan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
keywords: ganglion cysts; iatrogenic disease; ulnar nerve; ulnar nerve compression syndrome; ultrasonography