title: Does temperature modify the effect of PM10on mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Large and growing literature has explored whether temperature modified the effect of particular matter (PM) on mortality, but results of the modification effect are inconsistent. In this study, we reviewed information from 29 studies to get the qualitative evidence of the modification effects of temperature on PM to mortality, and the data from 16 of the 29 studies were extracted to conduct a meta-analysis. Temperatures were grouped into three level: "low", "middle" and "high" according to the original studies. The random effect model was used in the meta-analysis with the relative risk (RR) as the measure indicator. The RRs (95% confidence intervals, CIs) for non-accidental death, cardiovascular death and respiratory death per 10 μg/m3increase in PM10were 1.004 (1.003, 1.006), 1.005 (1.003,1.007), and 1.005 (1.000,1.010) in the low temperature level, 1.005 (1.004,1.006), 1.005 (1.004,1.007), and 1.008 (1.006, 1.010) in the middle temperature level, and 1.012 (1.010, 1.015), 1.016 (1.010, 1.022) and 1.019 (1.010,1.028) in the high temperature level, respectively. In conclusion, moderate evidence exists that temperature modifies the effect of PM10on mortality. The effect of PM10on respiratory death was the greatest, while the effect on non-accidental death was the smallest in the same temperature level. In addition, the effects of PM10on all the three kinds of mortality were the biggest in the high-temperature level, and the smallest in the low-temperature level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhijiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. Electronic address: zhaoxing731@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Modify; Mortality; Particular matter; Temperature