title: Image scanning fluorescence emission difference microscopy based on a detector array.
abstract: We propose a novel imaging method that enables the enhancement of three-dimensional resolution of confocal microscopy significantly and achieve experimentally a new fluorescence emission difference method for the first time, based on the parallel detection with a detector array. Following the principles of photon reassignment in image scanning microscopy, images captured by the detector array were arranged. And by selecting appropriate reassign patterns, the imaging result with enhanced resolution can be achieved with the method of fluorescence emission difference. Two specific methods are proposed in this paper, showing that the difference between an image scanning microscopy image and a confocal image will achieve an improvement of transverse resolution by approximately 43% compared with that in confocal microscopy, and the axial resolution can also be enhanced by at least 22% experimentally and 35% theoretically. Moreover, the methods presented in this paper can improve the lateral resolution by around 10% than fluorescence emission difference and 15% than Airyscan. The mechanism of our methods is verified by numerical simulations and experimental results, and it has significant potential in biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Confocal microscopy; fluorescence emission difference; fluorescence microscopy; image scanning microscopy; super-resolution; three-dimensional microscopy