title: Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta.
abstract: Demosponges of the order Verongida such asIanthella bastaexhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine spongesAplysina cavernicolaandI. basta. Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons ofA. cavernicolaincluding the presence of several halogenated amino acids. In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demospongeI. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that ofA. cavernicolafrom the Aplysinidae family. Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected inI. basta. Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity ofI. bastaandA. cavernicolaand confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part ofI. bastaskeletons. Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida.
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Chemistry, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. susanne.ueberlein@chemie.tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueberlein
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Chemistry, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. susanne.machill@chemie.tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machill
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. peter.schupp@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schupp
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Chemistry, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. Eike.Brunner@tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Eike
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D012863:Skeleton / Q000737:chemistry*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002686:Chitin; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: GC-MS; Ianthella basta; amino acid composition; demosponges; halogenated amino acids; skeletons; spongin