title: Analysis of different innovative formulations of curcumin for improved relative oral bioavailability in human subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal health benefits of curcumin are limited by its low solubility in water and corresponding poor intestinal absorption. Cyclodextrins (CD) can form inclusion complexes on a molecular basis with lipophilic compounds, thereby improving aqueous solubility, dispersibility, and absorption. In this study, we investigated the bioavailability of a new γ-cyclodextrin curcumin formulation (CW8). This formulation was compared to a standardized unformulated curcumin extract (StdC) and two commercially available formulations with purported increased bioavailability: a curcumin phytosome formulation (CSL) and a formulation of curcumin with essential oils of turmeric extracted from the rhizome (CEO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy human volunteers participated in a double-blinded, cross-over study. The plasma concentrations of the individual curcuminoids that are present in turmeric (namely curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) were determined at baseline and at various intervals after oral administration over a 12-h period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CW8 showed the highest plasma concentrations of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and total curcuminoids, whereas CSL administration resulted in the highest levels of bisdemethoxycurcumin. CW8 (39-fold) showed significantly increased relative bioavailability of total curcuminoids (AUC0-12) in comparison with the unformulated StdC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented suggest that γ-cyclodextrin curcumin formulation (CW8) significantly improves the absorption of curcuminoids in healthy humans.
authors.affiliation: Increnovo LLC, 2138 E Lafayette Pl, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Purpura
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
authors.forename: Haider
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mannan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. g.muench@westernsydney.edu.au.|Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. g.muench@westernsydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-7779
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.|South Western Sydney Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Razmovski-Naumovski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D055815:Young Adult; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D005503:Food Additives; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; C034786:bisdemethoxycurcumin; D003474:Curcumin; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin; C050229:demethoxycurcumin
keywords: Bioavailability; Curcumin; Cyclodextrin; Humans; Plasma pharmacokinetics