title: Effect of Bioprocessing on the In Vitro Colonic Microbial Metabolism of Phenolic Acids from Rye Bran Fortified Breads.
abstract: Cereal bran is an important source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids. We aimed to study the phenolic acid metabolism of native and bioprocessed rye bran fortified refined wheat bread and to elucidate the microbial metabolic route of phenolic acids. After incubation in an in vitro colon model, the metabolites were analyzed using two different methods applying mass spectrometry. While phenolic acids were released more extensively from the bioprocessed bran bread and ferulic acid had consistently higher concentrations in the bread type during fermentation, there were only minor differences in the appearance of microbial metabolites, including the diminished levels of certain phenylacetic acids in the bioprocessed bran. This may be due to rye matrix properties, saturation of ferulic acid metabolism, or a rapid formation of intermediary metabolites left undetected. In addition, we provide expansion to the known metabolic pathways of phenolic acids.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Post Office Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-8361
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Koistinen
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nordlund
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.|Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Post Office Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katina
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.|Steno Diabetes Center , Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ismo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poutanen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Post Office Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanhineva
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna-Marja
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aura
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012434:Secale / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: bioprocessing; bran; fecal microbiota; in vitro colon model; phenolic acid; rye