title: Three-dimensional Cardiac MR Imaging: Related Techniques and Clinical Applications.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has several advantages, including the easy coverage of the entire heart without misregistration, reduction of breath-holding times, and availability for postprocessing reconstruction. These advantages are associated with some techniques such as breath-hold or navigator gating and parallel imaging. However, the image quality of 3D cardiac MR images is compromised by the use of a shorter repetition time and parallel imaging. Thus, a steady-state free precession sequence, contrast agent administration, and presaturation pulses are used to maintain the image quality. In this review, we introduce the MR imaging techniques used in 3D cardiac MR imaging and demonstrate the typical 3D cardiac MR images, followed by discussion about their advantages and disadvantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital.|Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital.|Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Kuniya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital.|Department of Cardiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center.
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Toshima Medical Center.
authors.forename: Kiyohisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; fast data acquisition; gadolinium; steady-state free precession; three-dimensional imaging