title: Validating an electronic health literacy scale in an older hispanic population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the validity of the Spanish version of an instrument used to measure electronic health literacy (eHEALS) with an older Hispanic population from a number of Spanish-language countries living in New York City in the United States (US).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although the Internet is available globally, complex skills are needed to use this source of valuable health-related information effectively. Electronic health literacy is a multifactorial concept that includes health literacy but also requires technology skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment occurred at a Senior Organization located in a largely Hispanic neighbourhood in New York City (N = 100). Participants completed eHEALS and selected items from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) which assesses how adults use different communication channels, including the Internet, to obtain vital health information. Data from the US HINTS sample (N = 162) were matched to the Senior Organization sample on age range and Hispanic ethnicity. The average Senior Organization participant was 68 years old, female, born in one of six different Spanish-language countries, and completed high school while the average HINTS participant was 67 years old, female and had high school or less education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there was no relationship with the two HINTS subscales and electronic health literacy, there were significant relationships between electronic health literacy and health status and confidence in self-care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate electronic health literacy is a barrier to positive health outcomes. The Spanish version of eHEALS could be used as a screening instrument to identify gaps and tailored interventions could be developed to increase consumer confidence in using the Internet for reliable health-related information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge in self-management is related to positive health outcomes; all persons irrespective of their electronic health literacy should be able to use all sources of health information to enhance their self-care.
authors.affiliation: Hunter College, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-2200
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aponte
authors.affiliation: Hunter College, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nokes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003197:Computer Literacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054626:Consumer Health Information / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D057220:Health Literacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: eHEALS; health literacy; older people