title: Perceived coercion in persons with mental disorder in India: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about how patients in India perceive coercion in psychiatric care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess perceived coercion in persons with mental disorder admitted involuntarily and correlate with sociodemographic factors and illness variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered the short MacArthur Admission Experience Interview Questionnaire to all consecutive involuntary psychiatric patients admitted in 2014 in Mysore, India. Multivariate linear regression was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and one patients participated. "Perceived coercion" subscale scores increased with female gender, nuclear family status, Muslim and Christian religion, lower income, and depressive disorder. It decreased with former coercion, forensic history, and longer illness duration. Drug use increased total scores; the extended family item decreased them. "Negative pressure" increased with male gender, extended family, lower income, forensic history, and longer illness duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows perceived coercion is a reality in India. Levels of perceived coercion and the populations affected are similar to high-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Dharwad.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Raveesh
authors.affiliation: Co-ordinator, Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathare
authors.affiliation: Honorary Professor (Bangor University and Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, India), Consultant Psychiatrist (BCULHB), Centre for Mental Health and Society, N Wales, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepping
authors.affiliation: Head of research GGnet Community mental Health Centre, PO Box 2003, 7230 GC Warnsveld, the Netherlands and main researcher of the Dutch Information Center for Coercive Measures, Stichting Benchmark GGZ, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Noorthoorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.affiliation: Professor of Biology and Society, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: J G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bunders-Aelen
keywords: Coercion; mental health; subjective perception