title: Influence of substituent heteroatoms on the cytoprotective properties of pyrimidinol antioxidants.
abstract: Recently, we described the optimization of novel pyrimidinol-based antioxidants as potential therapeutic molecules for targeting mitochondrial diseases. That study focused on improving the potency and metabolic stability of pyrimidinol antioxidants. This led us to consider the possibility of altering the positions of the exocyclic alkoxy and alkylamino substituents on the pyrimidinol scaffold. Twelve new analogues were prepared and their biological activities were investigated. The metabolic stability of the prepared regioisomers was also assessed in vitro using bovine liver microsomes. Unexpectedly, the 2-alkoxy-4-alkylamino substituted pyrimidinol antioxidants were found to have properties in protecting mitochondrial function superior to the isomeric 4-alkoxy-2-alkylamino substituted pyrimidinols evaluated in all earlier studies. This observation suggests a possible mode of action involving the intermediacy of an ortho-iminoquinone, a species not previously associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain function.
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
authors.forename: Omar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Khdour
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmierer
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
authors.forename: Indrajit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States. Electronic address: sidney.hecht@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Sidney M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hecht
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D002417:Cattle; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Lipid peroxidation; Metabolic stability; Mitochondrial function; Reactive oxygen species; Respiratory chain substrates