title: Transurethral Cystolithotripsy of Large Bladder Stones by Holmium Laser as a Day Care Procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder stones constitute around 5% of bladder stones in the developed countries. Holmium laser lithotripsy has revolutionised the treatment of urinary lithiasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to report the outcome of transurethral cystolithotripsy with Holmium Laser under Local Anaesthesia (LA) as a day care procedure in patients with bladder stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with bladder stone greater than 1.5cm attending urology Outpatient Department underwent transurethral cystolithotripsy with Holmium Laser under LA as day care procedure. The results were analysed on aspects of peri-operative pain, completion of procedure, stone clearance, hospital stay, complications and patient compliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 85 patients with bladder stone ≥1.5cm underwent transurethral cystolithotripsy LA. The mean age of the patient was 52±7 years. There were 80 males. The mean size of stone was 3±1.2cm. Mean operation time was 40±10 minutes. Complete stone clearance was achieved in all the patients. None of the patients required hospital stay following the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe procedure for large bladder stones. This procedure can be easily performed as a day care procedure.
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences , Imphal, Manipur, India .
authors.forename: Shantajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nameirakpam
authors.affiliation: Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, JNIMS , Imphal, Manipur, India .
authors.forename: Salinita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naorem
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences , Imphal, Manipur, India .
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Faridi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences , Imphal, Manipur, India .
authors.forename: Kaku Singh
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Akoijam
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences , Imphal, Manipur, India .
authors.forename: Rajendra Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sinam
keywords: Cystoscopy; Endo-urological treatments; Urinary lithiasis