title: Bromelain Loading and Release from a Hydrogel Formulated Using Alginate and Arabic Gum.
abstract: An ideal wound dressing ensures a moist environment around the wound area and absorbs exudates from the wound surface. Topical application of bromelain to incised wounds has been shown to reprogram the wound microenvironment to promote effective tissue repair. Combining the characteristics of hydrogels and bromelain is therefore of great interest. Herein, we describe the development of a hydrogel, formulated using alginate and Arabic gum, for bromelain loading and release. The hydrogel formulation was evaluated using response surface methodology, considering the pH value and the concentration of alginate and Arabic gum. Bromelain loading and release were evaluated based on passive diffusion. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to confirm bromelain immobilization in the hydrogel. The final hydrogel formulation had a swelling ratio of 227 % and incorporated 19 % of bromelain from a bromelain solution. Bromelain immobilization in the hydrogel was the result of hydrogen bond formation and was optimal at 4 °C after 4 h of contact. This evidence suggests that bromelain entrapment into a hydrogel is a promising strategy for the development of wound dressings that support the debridement of burns and wounds.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaína Artem
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ataide
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Caramori
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cefali
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomaterials & Nanotechnology, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia de Araujo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Genovez
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Spir
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Systems Department, School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elias Basile
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Tambourgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Technological and Environmental Processes, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela Faustino
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jozala
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomaterials & Nanotechnology, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Vinícius
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Chaud
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.|Genetics and Biochemistry Institute, Uberlandia Federal University (UFU), Uberlandia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gava Mazzola
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D001963:Bromelains / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006170:Gum Arabic; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006170:Gum Arabic; D001963:Bromelains