title: Determination of the total cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations and their labile species fraction in apple beverages by flow-through anodic stripping chronopotentiometry.
abstract: An analytical procedure for operationally defined speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in apple beverages by anodic stripping chronopotentiometry (ASCP) is presented. Optimal measurement conditions were set down to reliably determine the fraction of the labile metals species. The mean total concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn were 69±20, 7.3±3.3, and 129±59μgL-1in apple juices, and 18±3, 4.2±0.1, 53±5μgL-1in apple drinks, respectively. The contributions of the fraction of the ASCP-labile species varied from 43 to 63% (Cu), from 32 to 42% (Pb) and from 38 to 58% (Zn). The Cd content in all analyzed samples was below 0.02μgL-1. The detection limits (DLs) achieved for Cu, Pb and Zn were 0.04μgL-1(Cu), 0.02μgL-1(Pb), and 0.10μgL-1(Zn).
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wybrzeze Stanislawa Wyspianskiego 27, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jedryczko
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wybrzeze Stanislawa Wyspianskiego 27, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland. Electronic address: pawel.pohl@pwr.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wybrzeze Stanislawa Wyspianskiego 27, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welna
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004566:Electrodes; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: ASCP-labile fraction; Electrochemical techniques; Fruit beverages; Operational speciation; Stripping methods; Trace element analysis