title: Five-year results from a prospective multicentre study of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation demonstrate sustained removal of significant pulmonary regurgitation, improved right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and improved quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) is used to treat patients with dysfunctional pulmonary valve conduits. Short- and longer-term results from multiple trials have outlined haemodynamic improvements. Our aim was to report the long-term results, including quality of life, from a multicentre trial in Europe and Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From October 2007 to April 2009, 71 patients (24 female; median age 19.0 [IQR: 14.0 to 25.0] years) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. PPVI was performed successfully in 63 patients. At five-year follow-up four patients had died. Moderate and severe pulmonary regurgitation were completely resolved in all except one patient, who needed re-PPVI. Outflow tract obstruction improved significantly from a mean pressure gradient of 37.7±12.1 mmHg before PPVI to 17.3±9.7 mmHg at five-year follow-up; however, 11 patients needed treatment for restenosis. The EQ-5D quality of life utility index and visual analogue scale scores were both significantly improved six months post PPVI and remained so at five years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five-year results following PPVI demonstrate resolved moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation, improved right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and improved quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Søndergaard
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witsenburg
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guccione
authors.forename: Lee N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suárez de Lezo
authors.forename: Te-Hsin
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lung
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eicken
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult