title: Evaluation of Clinicopathological Findings on 255 cases of Inoperable Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma: A Tertiary Care Experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the Indian female population. LABC and metastatic breast cancer are the most common stages at presentation in most low-resource countries. Although the incidence of LABC has decreased significantly in countries with enhanced resources thanks to widespread education and screening programs, it remains a daily encounter for surgeons and oncologists in low-resource countries. Neoadjuvant therapy has been studied widely for the treatment of LABC and is followed by locoregional therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As per our hospital data, breast cancer is also found to be the second leading malignancy in women and locally advanced breast cancer is the most common type of breast cancer. Hence, we undertook this study to evaluate the clinical profile, histopathologic types and grade of the disease in our patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was undertaken over a period of three years comprising of 255 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy after preliminary diagnosis of carcinoma on histopathological examination of the trucut biopsy specimens. Clinicopathological evaluation was done in all of these cases following standard protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised of 252 female patients and 3 male patients in the age range of 26 to 70 years. Majority (255, 66.6%) of the cases were within the age range of 31‑60 years. Three females had bilateral breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma no special type was the most common histopathologic pattern, and was seen in 254 (98.4%) cases. Most tumors were Scarff Bloom Richardson grade II and American Joint Committee on Cancer pathologic stage 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has provided information about the clinicopathological aspects of locally advanced breast cancer in patients who are from rural areas. LABC remains a daily encounter and challenge for medical and surgical oncologists in developing low-resource countries. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for inoperable LABC at all resource levels.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Of Surgical Oncology Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, India.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naveed
authors.affiliation: Dept. Anesthesia, IGIMS, India.
authors.forename: Hasina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quari
authors.affiliation: Dept. Of Surgical Oncology Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, India.
authors.forename: Ghanish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panjawani
authors.affiliation: Dept. Of Surgical Oncology Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Dept. Of Surgical Oncology Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, India.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Panday
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D063128:Tertiary Health Care