title: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in 115 cases: a 5 years' single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of invasive prenatal diagnosis (PD) of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from amniotic fluid (AF) and fetal blood (FB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted on 115 pregnancies with CMV primary infection. A total of 111 AF and 106 FB samples were investigated for various virological and non-virological markers. Detailed ultrasound examinations were performed at time of PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall sensitivity of CMV PCR in FB (75.6%; 95%CI 60-87) and AF (72.7%; 95%CI 57-85) was comparable. In women with amniocentesis >8 weeks between seroconversion and PD, we did not observe significant differences between amniocentesis performed ≥17 + 0 (sensitivity 90.9%; 95%CI 71-99) and ≥20 + 0 gestational weeks (sensitivity 90.0%; 95%CI 68-99). Virological markers in FB were higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic fetuses (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for non-virological markers. However, platelet counts <120 × 10e9/L and beta-2 microglobulin values >14 mg/L were more frequently found in fetuses with severe ultrasound abnormalities compared with fetuses with no or mild abnormalities (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal timing of amniocentesis in women with primary infection in early gestation should be reevaluated in a prospective study. Analysis of FB markers may be beneficial in the individual management of pregnant women with confirmed congenital CMV infection. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders & Colleagues MVZ and Institute of Virology, Infectiology and Epidemiology e.V., Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-074X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enders
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders & Colleagues MVZ and Institute of Virology, Infectiology and Epidemiology e.V., Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daiminger
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders & Colleagues MVZ and Institute of Virology, Infectiology and Epidemiology e.V., Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Exler
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Prenatal Medicine, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ertan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders & Colleagues MVZ and Institute of Virology, Infectiology and Epidemiology e.V., Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enders
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Prenatal Medicine, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000821:virology; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult