title: Converging biofabrication and organoid technologies: the next frontier in hepatic and intestinal tissue engineering?
abstract: Adult tissue stem cells can form self-organizing 3D organoids in vitro. Organoids resemble small units of their organ of origin and have great potential for tissue engineering, as well as models of disease. However, current culture technology limits the size, architecture and complexity of organoids. Here, we review the establishment of intestinal and hepatic organoids and discuss how the convergence of organoids and biofabrication technologies can help overcome current limitations, and thereby further advance the translational application of organoids in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spee
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clevers
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malda
mesh_terms: D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D009940:Organoids / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*