title: Cardiac biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome: from history to high-sensitivity cardiac troponin.
abstract: The role of cardiac troponins as diagnostic biomarkers of myocardial injury in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is well established. Since the initial 1st-generation assays, 5th-generation high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays have been developed, and are now widely used. However, its clinical adoption preceded guidelines and even best practice evidence. This review summarizes the history of cardiac biomarkers with particular emphasis on hs-cTn. We aim to provide insights into using hs-cTn as a quantitative marker of cardiomyocyte injury to help in the differential diagnosis of coronary versus non-coronary cardiac diseases. We also review the recent evidence and guidelines of using hs-cTn in suspected ACS.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-169X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK.|Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK.
authors.forename: Asma Lina
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fazlanie
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK.
authors.forename: Sethumadhavan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK.
authors.forename: Balazs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dancso
authors.affiliation: Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS28HW, UK.
authors.forename: Amardeep Ghosh
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dastidar
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plein
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. philip.haaf@usb.ch.|Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. philip.haaf@usb.ch.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haaf
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014336:Troponin
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Cardiac biomarkers; High-sensitivity cardiac troponin