title: Are Premixed Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Sealers Comparable to Conventional Materials? A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to compare the physicochemical and biological properties of premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers with other conventional root canal filling materials by systematically reviewing laboratory studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search was conducted in 3 databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data. The properties of interest were bond strength, radiopacity, pH, solubility, setting and working time, dimensional change, flow, calcium ion release, antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2636 potentially eligible studies, 31 were selected for full-text analysis, and 27 were included in the review. Premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers followed the ISO 6876:2012 requirements for most physicochemical properties except for solubility. The target sealers also presented favorable biological findings when compared with conventional sealers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the lack of well-designed long-term clinical trials, the target premixed calcium silicate-based sealers show good physicochemical and biological properties in vitro. In general, the results were similar or better than conventional endodontic sealers as observed in in vitro and in vivo animal studies.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Silva Almeida
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Ratto
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Dornelles
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Morgental
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. Electronic address: ferpappen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda Geraldo
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Pappen
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Calcium silicate-based sealer; EndoSequence BC; iRoot SP; root canal filling material; root canal sealer