title: Schisandra chinensisandMorus albaSynergistically Inhibit In Vivo Thrombus Formation and Platelet Aggregation by Impairing the Glycoprotein VI Pathway.
abstract: Morus albaL. (MAL) extract has been used in traditional medicine for its cardioprotective and antiplatelet effects, while another herbal remedy,Schisandra chinensis(SCC), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We evaluated underlying cellular changes exerted by extracts of these plants on platelet function and effects of SCC + MAL on in vivo thrombus formation using AV shunt and tail thrombosis-length models in rats. In vitro platelet aggregation, granule secretion, and [Ca2+]irelease assays were carried out. The activation of integrinαIIbβ3and phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, including MAPK and Akt, were investigated using cytometry and immunoblotting, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate changes in platelet shape and HPLC analysis was carried out to identify the marker compounds in SCC + MAL mixture. In vivo thrombus weight and average length of tail thrombosis were significantly decreased by SCC + MAL. In vitro platelet aggregation, granule secretion, [Ca2+]irelease, and integrinαIIbβ3activation were notably inhibited. SCC + MAL markedly reduced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway factors along with Akt. HPLC analysis identified four marker compounds: isoquercitrin, astragalin, schizandrol A, and gomisin A. The extracts exerted remarkable synergistic effects as natural antithrombotic and antiplatelet agent and a potent drug candidate for treating cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Seon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1711-0906
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9788-8231
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Haeng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1454-3124
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Man Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3088-1318
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Kyoung
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3588-3635
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim