title: Effect of Absolute FromHibiscus syriacusL. Flower on Wound Healing in Keratinocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proliferation and migration of keratinocytes are essential for the repair of cutaneous wounds.Hibiscus syriacusL. has been used in Asian medicine; however, research on keratinocytes is inadequate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the dermatological properties of absolute fromHibiscus syriacusL. flower (HSF) and to provide fundamental research for alternative medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified the composition of HSF absolute using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We also examined the effect of HSF absolute in HaCaT cells using the XTT assay, Boyden chamber assay, sprout-out growth assay, and western blotting. We conducted anin-vivowound healing assay in rat tail-skin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten major active compounds were identified from HSF absolute. As determined by the XTT assay, Boyden chamber assay, and sprout-out growth assay results, HSF absolute exhibited similar effects as that of epidermal growth factor on the proliferation and migration patterns of keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), which were significantly increased after HSF absolute treatment. The expression levels of the phosphorylated signaling proteins relevant to proliferation, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and Akt, were also determined by western blot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results of ourin-vitroand ex-vivo studies indicate that HSF absolute induced cell growth and migration of HaCaT cells by phosphorylating both Erk 1/2 and Akt. Moreover, we confirmed the wound-healing effect of HSF on injury of the rat tail-skin. Therefore, our results suggest that HSF absolute is promising for use in cosmetics and alternative medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hisbiscus syriacusL. flower absolute increases HaCaT cell migration and proliferation.Hisbiscus syriacusL. flower absolute regulates phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and Akt in HaCaT cell.Treatment withHisbiscus syriacusL. flower induced sprout outgrowth.The wound in the tail-skin of rat was reduced byHisbiscus syriacusL. flower absoluteAbbreviations used:HSF:Hibiscus syriacusL. flower, Erk 1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, EGF: epidermal growth factor, GC/MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DMEM: dulbecco's modified eagle medium, FBS: fetal bovine serum, BSA: bovine serum albumin, p-Akt: phosphorylation of Akt, p-Erk 1/2: phosphorylation of Erk 1/2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam Prefecture, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul city, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Pa
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam Prefecture, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Yoon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam Prefecture, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul city, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Science, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-city, Gyeongbuk Prefecture, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam Prefecture, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: HaCaT cell; absolute; hibiscus syriacus L.; skin regeneration; wound healing