title: Application of Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy of Renal Tumor: A Comparative Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and safety of individualized three-dimensional visualization technology (3DVT) on surgical planning and perioperative outcomes in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with routine computed tomography (CT) examination in the treatment of renal tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2015 to March 2016, a total of 94 patients with cT1 RCC who underwent surgical treatment in our department were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, a total of 49 cases received LPN with operation plan based on 3DVT. Surgical plan was obtained by virtual operation and morphometry on 3D reconstruction model. The remaining 45 cases received surgical treatment with traditional CT examination. Patient demographic, surgical outcome, and postoperative parameters were compared between these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found in blood loss volume, postoperative complication, selective clamping success rate, changes in postoperative renal function, and operative and ischemic time between the two groups. However, when handling complicated tumor with R.E.N.A.L score ≥8, operation time (126.7 ± 36.4 versus 154.8 ± 34.7, P = .018) and occurrence of postoperative urinary leak (0 versus 4, 0% versus 22.2%, P = .033) were diminished significantly in the 3DVT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3DVT provided precise information of anatomical structure in the operative area and reliable guidance for preoperative plan design. Our results indicated that 3DVT facilitated accurate visible image-guided tumor resection with ideal renal function preservation in LPN for renal tumor of high complexity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Xiongbing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D050377:Cold Ischemia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 3D digital model; laparoscopic partial nephrectomy; renal cell carcinoma; surgical planning