title: Safe and pragmatic use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies consensus statement.
abstract: Diabetes prevalence shows a continuous increasing trend in South Asia. Although well-established treatment modalities exist for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, they are limited by their side effect profile. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) with their novel insulin-independent renal action provide improved glycemic control, supplemented by reduction in weight and blood pressure, and cardiovascular safety. Based on the clinical outcomes with SGLT2i in patients with T2DM, treatment strategies that make a "good clinical sense" are desirable. Considering the peculiar lifestyle, body types, dietary patterns (long duration religious fasts), and the hot climate of the South Asian population, a unanimous decision was taken to design specific, customized guidelines for T2DM treatment strategies in these regions. The panel met for a discussion three times so as to get a consensus for the guidelines, and only unanimous consensus was included. After careful consideration of the quality and strength of the available evidence, the executive summary of this consensus statement was developed based on the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sujoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Aamir
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM and Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Tofail
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM and Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mohammod Feroz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Excel Centre Hospitals, Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Manash P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Baruah
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Uditha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bulugahapitiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
authors.forename: Mimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunatilake
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saeed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mahar
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM and Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Faruque
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nazmul Kabir
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S Abbas
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.affiliation: Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrinology Care Centre, Kopundole, Nepal.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakya
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Norvic Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shreshta
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Manilka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumanatilleke
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chellaram Institute of Diabetes, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Achini Madushani
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wijesinghe
keywords: Canagliflozin; South Asia; dapagliflozin; diabetes mellitus; empagliflozin; glycosuria; hyperglycemia; sodium–glucose co-transporter 2