title: Impact of a bladder cuff excision during radical nephroureterectomy on cancer specific survival in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer in Korea: a retrospective, multi-institutional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff excision (BCE) is the surgical principle adopted for the treatment of upper tract urothelial cancers (UTUCs). However, not all RNUs are performed with BCE. We quantified the prognostic impact of RNU with BCE on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in a large patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 505 patients with UTUC were enrolled from four different institutions. The clinicopathological parameters of patients who underwent RNU with and without BCE were compared. The Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of BCE on CSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 60 (11.9%) patients had not undergone BCE during RNU. Compared to patients who underwent BCE, these patients were older and had more comorbidities. Patients with UTUC who had not undergone BCE were more likely to be associated with ≥pT3, margin positivity, and renal pelvis localization compared to patients who underwent BCE. Median follow-up periods were 30.5 months (range, 6-144 months). The Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed that BCE during RNU was not significantly associated with CSS in all UTUC patients and in the subgroup with renal pelvis localization; however, patients who underwent RNU without BCE had significantly worse CSS rates compared to patients who underwent RNU with BCE in the subgroup analysis of patients with ureteral cancer. Multivariate analysis identified BCE as an independent prognostic factor of CSS in patients with ureteral cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, RNU without BCE resulted in significantly worse CSS in ureteral cancer patients, which indicated that BCE should be mandatory in patients with ureteral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seock H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bum S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seok J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea - urologistk@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*