title: EARLY FLOWERING3Redundancy Fine-Tunes Photoperiod Sensitivity.
abstract: Three pea (Pisum sativum) loci controlling photoperiod sensitivity,HIGH RESPONSE(HR),DIE NEUTRALIS(DNE), andSTERILE NODES(SN), have recently been shown to correspond to orthologs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) circadian clock genesEARLY FLOWERING3(ELF3),ELF4, andLUX ARRHYTHMO, respectively. A fourth pea locus,PHOTOPERIOD(PPD), also contributes to the photoperiod response in a similar manner toSNandDNE, and recessiveppdmutants on a spring-floweringhrmutant background show early, photoperiod-insensitive flowering. However, the molecular identity ofPPDhas so far remained elusive. Here, we show that thePPDlocus also has a role in maintenance of diurnal and circadian gene expression rhythms and identifyPPDas anELF3co-ortholog, termedELF3bGenetic interactions between peaELF3genes suggest that loss ofPPDfunction does not affect flowering time in the presence of functionalHR, whereasPPDcan compensate only partially for the lack ofHRThese results provide an illustration of how gene duplication and divergence can generate potential for the emergence of more subtle variations in phenotype that may be adaptively significant.
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.).
authors.forename: Andrew J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rubenach
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.).
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3539-3356
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.).
authors.forename: Jacqueline K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Vander Schoor
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.).
authors.forename: Lim Chee
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8243-8521
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.).
authors.forename: Gregoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.).
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burstin
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (A.J.S.R., V.H., J.K.V., L.C.L., J.L.W.); and jim.weller@utas.edu.au.|INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21065, Dijon, France (G.A., J.B.) jim.weller@utas.edu.au.
authors.forename: James L
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2423-8286
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Weller
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D017440:Photoperiod; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012621:Seasons; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors