title: Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests a close bidirectional communication and regulation between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) can exert responses in various immune cells, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, affecting several inflammation-related processes (such as, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytokines production). The interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Under these conditions, TH therapy could contribute to restoring normal physiological functions. Here we discuss the effects of THs and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the immune system and the contribution to inflammation and pathogen clearance, as well as the consequences of thyroid pathologies over the function of the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Evelyn L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Jara
authors.affiliation: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Durango
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.affiliation: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fardella
authors.affiliation: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Pablo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France. Electronic address: akalergis@bio.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Alexis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kalergis
authors.affiliation: Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile. Electronic address: claudia.riedel@unab.cl.
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Riedel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013972:Thyrotropin
keywords: Immunity; Inflammation; TSH; Thyroid hormones