title: Role of precursors on the photophysical properties of carbon nitride and its application for antibiotic degradation.
abstract: In this paper, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) powders derived from the four different precursors melamine, cyanamide, thiourea, and urea for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic under sunlight irradiation. The powders were synthesized by employing the conventional thermal decomposition method. The synthesized powders were examined using different characterization tools for evaluating the photophysical properties. The degradation profile revealed that urea-derived C3N4showed the highest activity while melamine-derived C3N4showed the least activity. The TC degradation efficiency of the photocatalyst was found to be influenced more by the surface area values despite extended absorption by melamine in the visible light region. Stability tests on urea-derived C3N4and others were checked by four runs of TC degradation under sunlight irradiation. The synthesized C3N4powders also confirmed the dominance of urea-derived powders for cyclic stability.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Suyana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panneri
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Noritake Co. Limited, Aichi, 470-0293, Japan.|Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box UI987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: Balagopal N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,, India.
authors.forename: Abdul Azeez Peer
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,, India.
authors.forename: Krishna Gopa Kumar
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Warrier
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,, India. hareesh@niist.res.in.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India. hareesh@niist.res.in.
authors.forename: Unnikrishnan Nair Saraswathy
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6455-8220
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Hareesh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000737:chemistry; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010777:Photochemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009570:Nitriles; D014227:Triazines; C011206:cyanogen; D006108:Graphite; D014508:Urea; C011907:melamine
keywords: Carbon nitride (C3N4); Cyanamide; Melamine; Photodegradation; Precursors; Tetracycline; Thiourea; Urea