title: Biodiversity and Topographic Complexity: Modern and Geohistorical Perspectives.
abstract: Topographically complex regions on land and in the oceans feature hotspots of biodiversity that reflect geological influences on ecological and evolutionary processes. Over geologic time, topographic diversity gradients wax and wane over millions of years, tracking tectonic or climatic history. Topographic diversity gradients from the present day and the past can result from the generation of species by vicariance or from the accumulation of species from dispersal into a region with strong environmental gradients. Biological and geological approaches must be integrated to test alternative models of diversification along topographic gradients. Reciprocal illumination among phylogenetic, phylogeographic, ecological, paleontological, tectonic, and climatic perspectives is an emerging frontier of biogeographic research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: cbadgley@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Badgley
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Smiley
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Larisa R G
authors.initials: LRG
authors.lastname: DeSantis
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha S B
authors.initials: SSB
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jezkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
authors.forename: Marjorie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Matocq
authors.affiliation: Division of Evolution, Ecology, and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matzke
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulch
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
authors.forename: Brett R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: V Louise
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline A E
authors.initials: CAE
authors.lastname: Strömberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Yanites
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002980:Climate; D004463:Ecology; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography