title: Immunomodulatory, hemolytic properties and cytotoxic activity potent of triterpenoid saponins from Cephalaria balansae.
abstract: Phytochemical investigations on n-butanol extract of Cephalaria balansae Raus. (Caprifoliaceae) led to the isolation of four previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins based on hederagenin type aglycone, namely, balansoides A-D, along with ten known compounds. Their structures were proposed based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS analysis and chemical evidence as 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester. The four saponins were evaluated for their potential cytotoxic activity against HEK-293, A-549, HeLa cells and for hemolytic properties on human blood cells. Balansoide A displayed significant inhibitory effects on cancerous A-549 and HeLa cells, and non-cancerous HEK-293 cells with IC50values of 12, 15 and 8 μM, respectively. Balansoides A-D together with n-butanol extract exhibited considerable hemolysis in human erythrocyte cells. Immunomodulatory properties of balansoides A-D were also evaluated in activated whole blood cells by PMA plus ionomycin. While balansoides A-C increased IL-1β concentration with values of 1004.47, 991.57 and 966.50 pg/ml, only balansoide B augmented a slight IFN-γ secretion with value of 5219.14 pg/ml. None of the compounds changed IL-2 levels significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Top
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nazli Boke
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Sarikahya
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalbantsoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: suheyla.kirmizigul@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Suheyla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirmizigul
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027922:Caprifoliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015394:Molecular Structure; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C000616896:balansoide A
keywords: Caprifoliaceae; Cephalaria balansae; Cytotoxic activity; Hemolytic activity; Immunomodulatory activity; Triterpene glycoside