title: Comparative Study of Elemental Nutrients in Organic and Conventional Vegetables Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS).
abstract: In this study, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was used to identify and compare the presence of major nutrient elements in organic and conventional vegetables. Different parts of cauliflowers and broccolis were used as working samples. Laser-induced breakdown spectra from these samples were acquired at optimum values of laser energy, gate delay, and gate width. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the comparison of these organic and conventional vegetable flowers. Principal component analysis (PCA) was taken into account for multivariate analysis while for univariate analysis, the intensity of selected atomic lines of different elements and their intensity ratio with some reference lines of organic cauliflower and broccoli samples were compared with those of conventional ones. In addition, different parts of the cauliflower and broccoli were compared in terms of intensity and intensity ratio of elemental lines.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Chet R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Bader
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alfarraj
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ghany
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.|2 JPS Advanced Technology LLC, Starkville, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Fang Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Yueh
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.|2 JPS Advanced Technology LLC, Starkville, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Jagdish P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Comparison of nutrients; LIBS; application of LIBS technique; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; organic and conventional vegetables