title: Attenuation of arsenic trioxide induced cardiotoxicity through flaxseed oil in experimental rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a potent drug for acute promyelocytic leukaemia, but its clinical trials are allied with some serious adverse events mainly cardiac functional abnormalities. So the objective of our investigation is to identify the cardioprotective action of flaxseed oil (FSO), a natural compound against As2O3induced cardiotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male wistar rats were treated with As2O3(4 mg/kg) to induce cardiotoxicity. FSO (250 and 500 mg/kg) was given in combination with As2O3for evaluating its cardioprotective efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with As2O3resulted in deposition of arsenic in heart tissue, increased cardiac marker enzymes release, lipid peroxidation (LPO), oxidative insults and pathological damages in the heart. Co-treatment with FSO (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the arsenic accumulation, cardiac marker enzymes, LPO and cardiac structural alterations. FSO treatment significantly improved cardiac glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes and reduced the pathological damages in cardiac tissue. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the major fatty acid content in the FSO is alpha-linolenic acid, which has a strong milieu in cardiac health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current investigation suggested that FSO is an effective agent in reducing arsenic-induced cardiac toxicity and can be used as an adjunct/dietary supplement for the cancer patients on As2O3therapy.
authors.affiliation: a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India.
authors.forename: Mathews V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.affiliation: a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abhilash
authors.affiliation: a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-2661
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alex
authors.affiliation: a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India.
authors.forename: M V Sauganth
authors.initials: MVS
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: b Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum , India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prathapan
authors.affiliation: b Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum , India.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Raghu
authors.affiliation: a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India.
authors.forename: R Harikumaran
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D008043:Linseed Oil; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide
keywords: Arsenic trioxide; alpha-linolenic acid; flax seed oil; lipid peroxidation; omega-3 fatty acid; oxidative stress