title: Relationship Among Body Image, Anthropometric Parameters and Mental Health in Physical Education Students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) is currently high. Given that psychological well-being is associated with the body measurements imposed by esthetic standards, BID is an important risk factor for mental disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Identify the prevalence of BID, and compare anthropometric and mental health parameters between individuals satisfied and dissatisfied with their body image.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 university students completed the silhouette scale to screen for BID. Anthropometric measures, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were used. To investigate mental health, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI-S and STAI-T), Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale and Quality of Life (QOL-36) questionnaire were used to investigate mental health. The Student's t-test was applied to compare anthropometric and mental health parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  67.1% of university students exhibited BID. There was a significant difference (p = 0.041) in BF and WC (p = 0.048) between dissatisfied and satisfied individuals. With respect to mood states, significant differences were observed for anger (p = 0.014), depression (p = 0.011), hostility (p = 0.006), fatigue (p = 0.013), mental confusion (p = 0.021) and total mood disturbance (TMD) (p = 0.001). The mental aspect of QOL was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in satisfied university students compared to their dissatisfied counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BID was high and it seems to be influenced by anthropometric measures related to the amount and distribution of body fat. This dissatisfaction may have a negative effect on the quality of life and mood state of young adults.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Physical Activities, Sports and Physical Education (LAMAFEEF/UVA), Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Legey
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Physical Activities, Sports and Physical Education (LAMAFEEF/UVA), Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo Khede
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lamego
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lattari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sancassiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gioia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro Giovanni
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno Barbosa F
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Egídio
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Activity, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Aldair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: José de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Geraldo Maranhão
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán, México; Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento. División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murillo-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México. México; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arias-Carrión
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Sport Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machado
keywords: Anthropometric parameters; Anxiety; Body image dissatisfaction; Mental health; Mood state; Quality of life