title: Protein-Adsorbed Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Mediated Assay for Rapid Detection of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance.
abstract: Antibiotic susceptibility tests have been used for years as a crucial diagnostic tool against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, due to a lack of biomarkers specific to resistant types, these approaches are often time-consuming, inaccurate, and inflexible in drug selections. Here, we present a novel susceptibility test method named protein-adsorbed nanoparticle-mediated matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry, or PANMS. Briefly, we adsorb five different proteins (β-casein, α-lactalbumin, human serum albumin, fibrinogen, and avidin) onto the surface of Fe3O4. Upon interaction with bacteria surface, proteins were displaced from the nanoparticle surface, the amounts of which were quantified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. We find that the protein displacement profile was different distinctive among different bacteria strains and, in particular, between wild-type and drug-resistant strains. More excitingly, we observe bacteria resistant to drugs of the same mechanisms share similar displacement profiles on a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) map. This suggests the possibility of using PANMS to identify the type of mechanism behind antibiotic resistance, which was confirmed in a blind test. Given that PANMS is free of drug incubation and the whole procedure takes less than 50 min, it holds great potential as a high-throughput, low-cost, and accurate drug susceptibility test in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Taku A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cowger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Trever
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, ‡College of Engineering, and §Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8915-6233
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004867:Equipment Design; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D000667:Ampicillin