title: Real-time MRI-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy of low-flow head and neck lymphatic malformations in the pediatric population - a stepwise approach.
abstract: Real-time MRI-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy is a novel and evolving treatment for congenital lymphatic malformations in the head and neck. We elaborate on the specific steps necessary to perform an MRI-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformations including pre-procedure patient work-up and preparation, stepwise intraprocedural interventional techniques and post-procedure management. Based on our institutional experience, MRI-guided sclerotherapy with a doxycycline-gadolinium-based mixture as a sclerosant for lymphatic malformations of the head and neck region in children is well tolerated and effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Partovi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Lorenna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Ziang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buethe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clampitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. Indravadan.Patel2@uhhospitals.org.
authors.forename: Indravadan J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Children; Doxycycline; Head and neck; Lymphatic malformations; Magnetic resonance imaging; Percutaneous sclerotherapy