title: Preparation and characterization of a silk fibroin/calcium sulfate bone cement.
abstract: This study aimed to prepare and characterize a silk fibroin/calcium sulfate (SF/CS) bone cement. SF solutions of the following concentrations 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, and 9 g/L were used to prepare bone cement samples with SF-to-CS ratios of 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55 mL of SF solutions (or water as control) per g of CS. Compressive strength, setting time, degradation when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline, X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the SF/CS bone cement. Biocompatibility was determined using rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The optimal bone cement was obtained with 0.4 mL of 6 g/L SF solution per g of α-hemihydrate CS powder. Compared with CS bone cement, compressive strength of SF/CS bone cement was 19.7% higher (p = 0.003). Samples prepared with SF had less degradation in phosphate-buffered saline than the ones prepared with deionized water. Using SF solution as the solidifying liquid increases the initial setting and final setting time of CS compared with deionized water. Using extracts from SF/CS bone cement, all cell relative proliferation rates were >100%, showing no cytotoxicity for any sample. In conclusion, using the 6 g/L SF solution at 0.40 mL/g of CS increased the cement compressive strength. SF solution added to CS achieved a bone cement with increased durability compared with CS bone cement. The SF/CS cement had no cytotoxicity on rBMSCs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 512-519, 2018.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fuzhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Genlin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jile
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huilin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D047011:Silk; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D005349:Fibroins; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002133:Calcium Sulfate
keywords: bone cement; calcium sulfate; compressive strength; setting time; silk fibroin