title: Treatment Concept for a Patient with a High Smile Line and Gingival Pigmentation: A Case Report.
abstract: Today, innovative restorative materials and techniques allow for minimally invasive prosthetic procedures, which are paramount to the preservation of hard and soft dental tissues. An integrated approach combining dental and esthetic medical therapies could be useful to improve the quality of life of patients, improving function, esthetics, and self-confidence. Oral esthetics depends on several variables, including tooth visibility and proportions as well as healthy gingival tissues. Proper integration between teeth and periodontal tissues plays an important role in esthetic success, which is mainly represented by an appealing smile. The present case report was aimed at describing the multidisciplinary treatment of a woman who was unsatisfied with the shape of her central incisors and the dark gingival pigmentation displayed by a high smile line. The patient was treated with minimally invasive combined periodontal, prosthetic, and esthetic medical techniques. The described multidisciplinary approach based on surgical gingival depigmentation, adhesive ceramic veneers, and selective botulinum toxin injection was effective in solving the undesired high smile line and achieving patient satisfaction.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zarone
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003801:Dental Veneers; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005893:Gingivoplasty; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D053685:Laser Therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012904:Smiling; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins