title: Implementation of new tools in molecular epidemiology studies of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in South America.
abstract: The aim of this work was to determine Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species and genotypes in intermediate and definitive hosts and in human isolates from endemic regions of Argentina and Brazil including those where no molecular data is available by a combination of classical and alternative molecular tools. A total of 227 samples were isolated from humans, natural intermediate and definitive hosts. Amplification of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragment was performed and a combination of AluI digestion assay, High Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) assay and DNA sequencing was implemented for Echinococcus species/genotype determination. E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1) was found in sheep (n=35), cattle (n=67) and dogs (n=5); E. ortleppi (G5) in humans (n=3) and cattle (n=108); E. canadensis (G6) in humans (n=2) and E. canadensis (G7) in pigs (n=7). We reported for the first time the presence of E. ortleppi (G5) and E. canadensis (G6) in humans from San Juan and Catamarca Argentinean provinces and E. canadensis (G7) in pigs from Cordoba Argentinean province. In this work, we widened molecular epidemiology studies of E. granulosus s. l. in South America by analyzing several isolates from definitive and intermediate hosts, including humans from endemic regions were such information was scarce or unavailable. The presence of different species/genotypes in the same region and host species reinforce the need of rapid and specific techniques for accurate determination of Echinococcus species such as the ones proposed in this work.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Zoonosis, Chacra N°18, Sarmiento, Chubut, Argentina. Electronic address: avilahg@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Héctor G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: guilhermebrzos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: marcecucher@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcela A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cucher
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: macchiaroli.natalia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macchiaroli
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: perezmatiasgaston86@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matías G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis UNSL-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina. Electronic address: germanbaldi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Zoonosis, Chacra N°18, Sarmiento, Chubut, Argentina. Electronic address: jensenoscar52@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: División Zoonosis, San Juan:AvLibGral San Martín 750, Centro Cívico 3° piso Núcleo 2, San Juan, Argentina. Electronic address: veroperez99@yahoo.com.ar.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoonosis Provincial, Chacabuco 169, Catamarca, Argentina. Electronic address: raulopez_27@yahoo.com.ar.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, UNR: Bv. Ovidio Lagos 1000, 2170 Casilda, Santa Fe, Argentina. Electronic address: pnegro@fveter.unr.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Perla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Negro
authors.affiliation: División Zoonosis Rurales, UNCPBA, Facultad Agronomía, Azul 7300, Argentina. Electronic address: escialfa@yahoo.com.ar.
authors.forename: Exequiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scialfa
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: zaha@cbiot.ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaha
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: henrique@cbiot.ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Henrique B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: mrosenzvit@fmed.uba.ar.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenzvit
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: lkamenetzky@fmed.uba.ar.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kamenetzky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000469:parasitology; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs / Q000469:parasitology; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D004446:Echinococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012756:Sheep / Q000469:parasitology; D013552:Swine / Q000469:parasitology; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Echinococcosis; Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato; Genotypes; Neglected disease; South America