title: Validation of a quantitative susceptibility mapping acquisition and reconstruction pipeline using a new iron sucrose based MR susceptibility phantom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative susceptibility mapping is a new technique and its processing pipeline has to be validated before clinical practice. We described an easy to build magnetic resonance (MR) susceptibility phantom based on iron sucrose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a plastic container, Eppendorf tubes containing increasing iron sucrose concentration ranging from 0 to 60μg Fe/mL were inserted in an agarose gel. To estimate susceptibility, multiple coronal gradient echo acquisitions were performed with varying angle of the phantom relative to the B0field, ranging from 30 to 90°. Quantitative susceptibility maps were reconstructed using the l1and l2norm of total variation using Split Bregman approach. Iron concentration was finally estimated from the susceptibility in the tubes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In l1norm susceptibility and estimated iron concentration were not different from the real values while l2norm underestimated the susceptibility. A correlation was found between the angle of the phantom and the difference between real and estimated iron concentrations. The results highlight the importance of this validation by emphasizing the effects of various reconstruction parameters as well as acquisition conditions. Using optimal parameters, the quantitative susceptibility mapping provides a very good estimation of the iron concentrations in the phantom.
authors.affiliation: Department of neuroradiology, institut d'imagerie fonctionnelle humaine, I2FH, university hospital center, Gui-de-Chauliac hospital, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France. Electronic address: jeremy.deverdun@neuf.fr.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deverdun
authors.affiliation: Department of neuroradiology, institut d'imagerie fonctionnelle humaine, I2FH, university hospital center, Gui-de-Chauliac hospital, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Laboratoire Charles-Coulomb, CNRS UMR 5221, université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France; Institut de génomique fonctionnelle, UMR 5203, Inserm U661, université Montpellier II-Université Montpellier I, 34090 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: francois.molino@igf.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molino
authors.affiliation: Institut de génomique fonctionnelle, UMR 5203, Inserm U661, université Montpellier II-Université Montpellier I, 34090 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: nicolasdechampfleur@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Menjot de Champfleur
authors.affiliation: Team "plasticity of central nervous system, stem cells and glial tumors", U1051, institut of neurosciences of Montpellier, Saint-Éloi hospital, 34095 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: e-le_bars@chu-montpellier.fr.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Bars
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077605:Ferric Oxide, Saccharated; D005937:Glucaric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D000077605:Ferric Oxide, Saccharated; D005937:Glucaric Acid
keywords: Iron sucrose; Magnetic resonance imaging; Phantom; Quantitative susceptibility mapping