title: Derivatization Strategies for the Detection of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Cartilage by Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by degeneration of the cartilaginous tissue in articular joints, severely impairs mobility in many people worldwide. The degeneration is thought to be mediated by inflammatory processes occurring in the tissue of the joint, including the cartilage. Intra-articular administered triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) is one of the drug treatments employed to ameliorate the inflammation and pain that characterizes OA. However, the penetration and distribution of TAA into the avascular cartilage is not well understood. We employed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which has been previously used to directly monitor the distribution of drugs in biological tissues, to evaluate the distribution of TAA in human cartilage after in vitro incubation. Unfortunately, TAA is not easily ionized by regular electrospray ionization (ESI) or MALDI. To overcome this problem, we developed an on-tissue derivatization method with Girard's reagent T (GirT) in human incubated cartilage being able to study its distribution and quantify the drug abundance (up to 3.3 ng/μL). Our results demonstrate the depth of penetration of a corticosteroid drug in human OA cartilage using MALDI-MSI.
authors.affiliation: The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Florian P Y
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Barré
authors.affiliation: The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bryn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flinders
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht , Orthopedics Department, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: João P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht , Orthopedics Department, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lennart R S
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Huizing
authors.affiliation: The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht , Orthopedics Department, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Creemers
authors.affiliation: The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heeren
authors.affiliation: The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Berta
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7407-1165
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cillero-Pastor
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001622:Betaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001622:Betaine; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; C012332:Girard's reagent T