title: Maternal ADHD Symptoms and Parenting Stress: The Roles of Parenting Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Neuroticism.
abstract: ADHD symptoms in adults are consistently related to stress in a variety of domains, although whether the link between ADHD symptoms and stress is direct, or accounted for or moderated by other variables, is little studied. We used a cross-sectional design to examine whether parenting self-efficacy accounts for the relation between maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting stress, and whether levels of maternal neuroticism moderate this relation.
  
  
  
  A nonclinical sample of mothers of 120, six- to 12-year-old children completed surveys online.
  
  
  
  Maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with parenting stress, but this relation was accounted for by parenting self-efficacy beliefs. Neuroticism did not moderate the relations among these variables. Covariate analyses indicated that although parenting self-efficacy beliefs remain a robust predictor of parenting stress, the relation between maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting stress can be better accounted for by other variables.
  
  
  
  The results highlight the importance of self-efficacy beliefs and demonstrate that ADHD symptoms are not sufficient to understand the experience of parenting.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D000075384:Neuroticism; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: parent ADHD; parenting self-efficacy beliefs; parenting stress