title: Validation of the French Version of the DSM-5 Yale Food Addiction Scale in a Nonclinical Sample.
abstract: The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the only questionnaire that assesses food addiction (FA) based on substance dependence criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Following recent updating of addiction criteria, a new DSM-5 version (YFAS 2.0) has been developed. Our study tested the psychometric properties of the French YFAS 2.0 in a nonclinical population.
  
  
  
  We assessed 330 nonclinical participants for FA (French YFAS 2.0), eating behaviour, and eating disorder (Binge Eating Scale, Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale). We tested the scale's factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis based on 11 diagnostic criteria), internal consistency, and construct and incremental validity.
  
  
  
  Prevalence of FA was 8.2%. Our results supported a 1-factor structure similar to the US version. In both its diagnostic and symptom count versions, the YFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson alpha was 0.83) and was associated with body mass index (BMI), binge eating, uncontrolled and emotional eating, binge eating disorder, and cognitive restraint. FA predicted BMI above and beyond binge eating frequency. Females had a higher prevalence of FA than males but not more FA symptoms.
  
  
  
  We validated a psychometrically sound French version of the YFAS 2.0 in a nonclinical population, in both its symptom count and diagnostic versions. Future studies should investigate psychometric properties of this questionnaire in clinical populations potentially at risk for FA (that is, patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or other metabolic syndrome risk factors).
authors.affiliation: 1 CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.|2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.|3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunault
authors.affiliation: 2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.|3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Courtois
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Gearhardt
authors.affiliation: 2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.|5 UMR INSERM U930 ERL, Tours, France.|6 Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|7 Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Liberté, Bagneux, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: 7 Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Liberté, Bagneux, France.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Journiac
authors.affiliation: 3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cathelain
authors.affiliation: 3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Réveillère
authors.affiliation: 1 CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.|2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.|6 Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|7 Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Liberté, Bagneux, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ballon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D000073932:Food Addiction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0; addictions; addictive disorders; behavioral addictions; binge eating; eating disorders; factor analysis; food addiction; psychometric; substance use disorders