title: Probiotic Potential of a Lactobacillus Bacterium of Canine Faecal-Origin and Its Impact on Select Gut Health Indices and Immune Response of Dogs.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to develop a probiotic of canine-origin for its potential application in pet nutrition. Accordingly, 32 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from faeces of dogs, out of which 9 strains were short-listed for further in vitro testing based on the aggregation time and cell surface hydrophobicity. The results of acid-, bile- and phenol-tolerance tests indicated that out of the nine, isolate cPRO23 was having better resistance to these adverse conditions likely to be encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. The isolate also showed optimal enzymatic activities for amylase, lipase and protease. Further assessments also indicated its superiority in terms of co-aggregation and antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. Subsequently, the isolate was identified through 16S rRNA sequencing and sequence homology, and designated as Lactobacillus johnsonii CPN23. The candidate probiotic was then evaluated in vivo using 15 adult Labrador dogs, divided into 3 groups, viz. CON (with no probiotics), dPRO (with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 15 as a conventional dairy-origin probiotic) and cPRO (with L. johnsonii CPN23 as a canine-origin probiotic). Results of the 9-week study indicated that supplementation of cPRO improved (P < 0.05) the faecal concentration of acetate and butyrate with a concomitant reduction (P < 0.05) in faecal ammonia. The cell-mediated immune response, assessed as delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to phytohaemagglutinin-P, was better (P < 0.05) in dogs fed cPRO as compared to the CON dogs. There were, however, no variations evident in the antibody response to sheep-erythrocytes among the three groups. It is concluded that the canine-origin L. johnsonii CPN23, in addition to possessing all the in vitro functional attributes of a candidate probiotic, also has the potential to be used as a probiotic in pet nutrition programs.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.|Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India. akpattanaik1@gmail.com.|Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. akpattanaik1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pattanaik
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Sunil Eknath
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Avneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019936:Probiotics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Canine-origin; Dogs; Gut health; Immunity; In vitro; Lactobacillus johnsonii CPN23; Probiotics