title: Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels slightly increase rather than decrease after a glucose load in subjects with different glucose tolerance status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies showed that serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unclear how 1,5-AG levels acutely change in response to a glucose load. This study explored acute changes in 1,5-AG levels after a glucose load and the related influencing factors in individuals with differing degrees of glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 681 participants (353 without DM and 328 with DM) without a prior history of DM were enrolled. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and postload (30, 60, 120, and 180 min) levels of plasma glucose, serum 1,5-AG, and insulin were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all participant groups, serum 1,5-AG levels were slightly elevated after a glucose load and reached peak values at 120 min after loading (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that body weight was negatively associated with the difference between peak and baseline 1,5-AG levels (Δ1,5-AG, standardized β = -0.119, P < 0.01). A strong and positive association between 1,5-AG0and Δ1,5-AG was also found independent of other confounding factors (standardized β = 0.376, P < 0.01). The ratio of the Δ1,5-AG to the 1,5-AG0was higher in DM patients (7.3% [3.4-11.5%]) than in those without DM (6.2% [3.6-9.2%]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to the established decline in 1,5-AG levels with long-term hyperglycemia, the present study showed that serum 1,5-AG levels slightly increased by 6-7% after a glucose load. Further studies in different 1,5-AG transport models are needed to investigate the relevant metabolic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cn.|Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kashgar Prefecture Second People's Hospital, Liberated South Road, Kashgar, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 1,5-Anhydroglucitol; Insulin; Oral glucose tolerance test; Plasma glucose