title: Emerging Biological Principles of Metastasis.
abstract: Metastases account for the great majority of cancer-associated deaths, yet this complex process remains the least understood aspect of cancer biology. As the body of research concerning metastasis continues to grow at a rapid rate, the biological programs that underlie the dissemination and metastatic outgrowth of cancer cells are beginning to come into view. In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in metastasis, with a focus on carcinomas where the most is known, and we highlight the general principles of metastasis that have begun to emerge.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Diwakar R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pattabiraman
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address: weinberg@wi.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment