title: QUANTIFICATION OF INTRARETINAL HARD EXUDATES IN EYES WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reproducibility of intraretinal hard exudate (HE) quantification from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases with diabetic macular edema were enrolled. The area of HE obtained by B-scan segmentation was compared with the area obtained by en face segmentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ± SD for the HE area was 1.78 ± 1.37 mm with B-scan segmentation and 0.72 ± 0.82 mm with the automated en face analysis tool; the absolute difference was 1.01 ± 0.64 mm. There was excellent correlation in total HE area between the two methods (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001). The HE volume was 0.06 ± 0.07 mm. The correlation between HE volume and en face HE area was high (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). Intergrader reproducibility yielded excellent agreement with an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.99 (95% CI 0.994-0.999) for the en face approach and 0.99 (95% CI 0.977-0.997) for manual segmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantification of HE in eyes with diabetic retinopathy can be performed reliably using en face segmentation and, though the en face results are consistently lower, correlates well with HE measurements obtained by exhaustive segmentation of all B-scans in dense volume optical coherence tomography (OCT).
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Muneeswar G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nittala
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfau
authors.affiliation: Carson McBeath and Boswell Inc, South Coast Retina Center, Long Beach, California.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gasperini
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: SriniVas R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sadda
mesh_terms: D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity