title: Analytical Methods for Determining Third and Fourth Generation Fluoroquinolones: A Review.
abstract: Fluoroquinolones of the third and fourth generation posses wide bactericidal activity. Monitoring concentrations of antibacterial agents provides effective therapy and prevents the increase of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The pharmacodynamic parameters that best describe fluoroquinalone activity are AUC/MIC andCmax/MIC. Determining the level of this type of drug is essential to reach the effective concentration that inhibits the growth of bacteria. Determining the pharmaceutical formulation confirms the purity of a substance. Many methods have been developed to determine the level of these substances. They involve mainly the following analytical techniques: chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and spectroscopy. The separation techniques were combined with different measuring devices, such as ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence detector (FLD), diode array detector (DAD), and mass spectrometry (MS). The analytical procedures require proper sample pre-conditioning such as protein precipitation, extraction techniques, filtration, or dilution. This paper reviews the reported analytical methods for the determining representatives of the third and fourth generation of fluoroquinolones. Attention was paid to pre-conditioning of the samples and the applied mobile phase. This report might be helpful in the selection of the proper procedure in determining the abovementioned drugs in different matrices.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czyrski
keywords: Clinical pharmacokinetics; Fluorescence spectroscopy; HPLC; Mass spectrometry; Pharmacokinetics; UV/Vis spectroscopy