title: Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Antioxidant Mixture Twendee X in Mouse Stroke Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress and inflammation are important aggravating factors in acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of a novel antioxidant mixture Twendee X containing multiple antioxidative ingredients, such as coenzyme Q10, ascorbic acid, and cystine, were evaluated. After the pretreatment of a vehicle or Twendee X (20 mg/kg/d) for 14 days, mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes and further treated with vehicle or Twendee X for 1 or 5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twendee X administration reduced the infarct size, and reduced oxidative stress markers such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (one of advanced glycation end products), as well as inflammatory markers such as ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of Twendee X were shown on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mice via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways, providing a potential of Twendee X as one preventive and therapeutic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Division of Anti-Oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inufusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. Electronic address: ak_mdca@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Ischemic stroke; anti-inflammatory; antioxidative; middle cerebral artery occlusion; mouse