title: An Overview of Stress-Induced Resveratrol Synthesis in Grapes: Perspectives for Resveratrol-Enriched Grape Products.
abstract: Resveratrol is the most important stilbene phytoalexin synthesized naturally or induced in plants, as a part of their defense mechanism. Grapes and their derivative products, including juice and wine, are the most important natural sources of resveratrol, consisting of notably higher amounts than other natural sources like peanuts. Consumption of red wine with its presence of resveratrol explained the "French Paradox". Hence, the demand of resveratrol from grapes is increasing. Moreover, as a natural source of resveratrol, grapes became very important in the nutraceutical industry for their benefits to human health. The accumulation of resveratrol in grape skin, juice, and wine has been found to be induced by the external stimuli: microbial infection, ultrasonication (US) treatment, light-emitting diode (LED), ultra violet (UV) irradiation, elicitors or signaling compounds, macronutrients, and fungicides. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, coumaroyl-CoA ligase, and stilbene synthase play a key role in the synthesis of resveratrol. The up-regulation of those genes have the positive relationship with the elicited accumulation of resveratrol. In this review, we encapsulate the effect of different external stimuli (biotic and abiotic stresses or signaling compounds) in order to obtain the maximum accumulation of resveratrol in grape skin, leaves, juice, wine, and cell cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. mhasan@hstu.ac.bd.
authors.forename: Mohidul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. hanhongbae@ynu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hanhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D005308:Fertilizers; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015854:Up-Regulation; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008670:Metals; D010575:Pesticides; D013267:Stilbenes; D010126:Ozone; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: elicitation; external stimuli; grape; juice; nutraceutical; resveratrol; wine