title: Medial Orbital Wall Reconstruction With Porous Polyethylene by Using a Transconjunctival Approach With a Caruncular Extension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported rate of isolated medial orbital wall fractures varies widely but has been found to be as high as 55% of all orbital fractures. Identifying and repairing medial orbital wall defects by using appropriate materials improves patient outcome considerably; however, most related research has focused on orbital floor defect management rather than medial orbital wall treatment, and no consensus on repairing medial orbital wall fractures exists. Furthermore, medial orbital wall fracture is a main cause of posttraumatic enophthalmos. In this study, we introduce a modified surgical technique for repairing large medial wall fractures stably, also reviewed relevant literature and established an algorithm for managing medial orbital wall fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the outcomes of facial trauma patients who underwent facial bone reduction and internal fixation surgery in our hospital between October 1, 2010, and October 1, 2013. The patients were all treated medial orbital wall reconstruction with porous polyethylene by using a transconjunctival approach with a caruncular extension for large medial orbital wall fractures. Medical records and radiologic images of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. The outcomes evaluated were trauma mechanism, clinical findings of ocular injury, preoperative and postoperative ocular symptoms, degree of enophthalmos, and orbital volume restoration after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transconjunctival approach with a caruncular extension was performed without any complications. The incidence of diplopia was 47.4% and enophthalmos (>2 mm) was 31.6%, with no significant diplopia and enophthalmos after surgery. Patients were symptom-free on follow-up. The average enophthalmos was successfully corrected from 0.88 mm preoperatively to 0.26 mm and orbital volume was corrected from 26.22 to 22.99 cm after surgery; these results also showed P less than 0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results suggest that the proposed method of medial orbital wall reconstruction, in which porous polyethylene is implanted by using a transconjunctival approach with a caruncular extension, yields favorable outcomes. The approach facilitates a wide visualization of the operative field, which provides sufficient working space for implant insertion and is consequently free from iatrogenic trauma or surgery-related complications.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, †Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, ‡Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University; and §Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, ∥Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yur-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chien-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cheng-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Sin-Daw
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shu-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Su-Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D020273:Orbital Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome