title: Crosstalk of metabolic factors and neurogenic signaling in adult neurogenesis: Implication of metabolic regulation for mental and neurological diseases.
abstract: Metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity are commonly companied with neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidences indicated that cellular metabolic factors affect adult neurogenesis and have modulating effects on neurodegenerative disorders and psychiatric diseases. Adult neurogenesis contains multiple steps including proliferation of neural stem cells, lineage commitments of neural progenitor cells, maturation into functional neurons, and integration into neuronal network. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors produced from neural stem/progenitor cells and their microenvironment or neurogenic niche take roles in modulating neurogenesis and contribute to the brain repair and functional recoveries in many neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. In this article, we review current progress about how different growth factors, neurotrophin, neurotransmitters and transcriptional factors work on regulating neurogenic process. In particular, we emphasize the roles of the cellular metabolic factors, such as insulin/IGF signaling, incretins, and lipid metabolic signaling molecules in modulating adult neurogenesis, and discuss their impacts on neurological behaviors. We propose that the metabolic factors could be the new therapeutic targets for adult neurogenesis. Plus, the metabolism-regulating drugs have the potentials for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Sookja K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: shenjg@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adult neurogenesis; Mental disorders; Metabolism factors; Neural stem/progenitor cells; Neurogenic niche; Psychiatric diseases