title: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances the osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human bone marrow and umbilical cord.
abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can give rise to different cell types of the mesodermal lineages. They are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine as they can be isolated from various tissues, and can be expanded and induced to differentiate into multiple lineages. Recently, the umbilical cord has been suggested as an alternative source of MSCs. Although MSCs derived from the umbilical cord can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts with a phenotypic similarity to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs, the differentiation ability is not consistent. In addition, MSCs from the umbilical cord require a longer period of time to differentiate into osteoblasts. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in bone tissue regeneration. In addition, several studies have supported the use of BMP-2 in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting and non-unions in oral surgery. Although the use of BMP-2 for bone tissue regeneration has been extensively investigated, the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from the umbilical cord has not yet been fully examined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord compared to that of MSCs derived from bone marrow. The degree of osteogenic differentiation following BMP-2 treatment was determined by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression profiles of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, osterix (Osx), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (Ocn). The results revealed that BMP-2 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs derived from both bone marrow and umbilical cord as demonstrated by increased ALP activity and the upregulation of osteogenic differentiation marker genes. The enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs by BMP-2 suggests that these MSCs may be used as alternative sources for bone engineering or cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kulisara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marupanthorn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chairat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tantrawatpan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pakpoom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kheolamai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Duangrat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tantikanlayaporn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirikul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manochantr
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase