title: Spatial analysis to identify high risk areas for traffic crashes resulting in death of pedestrians in Tehran.
abstract: Background:More than 20% of deaths from traffic crashes are related to pedestrians. This figure in Tehran, the capital of Iran, reaches to 40%. This study aimed to determine the high-risk areas and spatially analyze the traffic crashes, causing death to pedestrians in Tehran.Methods:Mapping was used to display the distribution of the crashes. Determining the distribution pattern of crashes and the hot spots/ low-risk areas were done, using Moran's I index and Getis-Ord G, respectively.Results:A total of 198 crashes were studied; 92 of which, (46.4%) occurred in 2013 to 2014 and other 106 cases (63.6%) occurred in 2014 to 2015. The highest and the lowest frequency of crashes was related to January (26 cases) and June (10 cases), respectively. One hundred fifty- eight cases (79.8%) of crashes occurred in Tehran highways. Moran's index showed that the studied traffic crashes had a cluster distribution (p<0.001). Getis- Ord General G index indicated that the distribution of hot and cold spots of the studied crashes was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion:The majority of traffic crashes causing death to pedestrians occurred in highways located in the main entrances and exits of Tehran. Given the important role of environmental factors in the occurrence of traffic crashes related to pedestrians, identification of these factors requires more studies with casual inferences.
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. amoradi1350@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: MPH, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. hsoori@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soori
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Statistics, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. kavousi_am@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavousi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Geography, Faculty of Geography, Department of Human Geography/Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. farshid.e2012@Outlook.com.
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eshghabadi
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate of Health Promotion, Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ensiyeh_jamshidi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ensiyeh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jamshidi
authors.affiliation: Colonel of Road Traffic Police, Crashes office, Tehran's Traffic Police, Tehran, Iran. sszeini@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Salahdien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeini
keywords: Pedestrians; Road traffic injury; Spatial Analysis