title: Cleaning Effectiveness of a Reciprocating Single-file and a Conventional Rotary Instrumentation System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare cleaning effectiveness by histological analysis of a reciprocating single-file system with ProTaper rotary instruments during the preparation of curved root canals in extracted teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 root canals with curvatures ranging between 20 - 40 degrees were divided into two groups of 20 canals. Canals were prepared to the following apical sizes: Reciproc size 25 (n=20); ProTaper: F2 (n=20). The normal distribution of data was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the values obtained for the test (Mann-Whitney U test,P< .05) were statistically analyzed using the GraphPad InStat for the Mac OS software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in remaining debris (P > .05) between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of reciprocating motion during instrumentation did not result in increased debris when compared with continuous rotation motion, even in the apical part of curved canals. Both instruments resulted in debris in the canal lumen, irrespective of the movement kinematics applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Centre for Dental Research São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fredson Marcio Acris
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Centre for Dental Research São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Cantanhede de Oliveira
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Augusto Franco
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Centre for Dental Research São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Centre for Dental Research São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Centre for Dental Research São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Sigrist
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: De Martin
keywords: Curved canals; Debris; Reciprocating motion; Root canal system; Rotary