title: Anxiety Disorders are Associated with Low Socioeconomic Status in Women but Not in Men.
abstract: We investigated to what extent the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders relates to negative economic changes, taking important lifestyle factors and unexpected life events into consideration.
  
  
  
  We included 3,695 participants recruited in the city of Lausanne (Switzerland), from the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. The association between anxiety disorders, lifestyle factors, and life events related to income was investigated using binary logistic regression analyses correcting for demographic and clinical confounders.
  
  
  
  Compared with men, women with anxiety disorders showed a significantly lower socioeconomic status (Mann-Whitney U = 56,318; p < .001) and reported a higher negative impact of substantial reduction of income (Mann-Whitney U = 68,531; p = .024). When performing adjusted analyses, low socioeconomic status (odd ratio, 0.87; p = .001) and negative impact of reduction of income (odd ratio, 1.01; p = .004) were associated significantly with anxiety disorders in women but not in men.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that anxiety disorders aggravate already existing gender differences in economic conditions, and that women with anxiety need additional support to attain socioeconomic security similar to that of men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: jessica.mwinyi@neuro.uu.se.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mwinyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pisanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castelao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stringhini
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preisig
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helgi B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Schiöth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology