title: Therapeutic hypothermia attenuates brain edema in a pig model of cardiac arrest: Possible role of the angiopoietin-Tie-2 system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to clarify whether therapeutic hypothermia protects against cerebral edema following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a porcine model via regulating the angiopoietin-Tie-2 ligand-receptor system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male pigs were randomized into the therapeutic hypothermia group, the normothermia group or the sham control group. CA was induced in pigs by untreated ventricular fibrillation for 8min. Brain edema was determined by measuring the cerebral cortical water content at 24h after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The serum levels of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like loop epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (Tie-2), and S100B were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits at 0.5, 6, 12 and 24h after ROSC. The levels of the Ang-1, Ang-2, phosphorylated Tie-2 and Tie-2 proteins in the cerebral cortex at 24h after ROSC were determined by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapeutic hypothermia lessened brain cortex edema, alleviated histopathology injury, and improved neurologic outcomes at 24h after ROSC. Therapeutic hypothermia inhibited the CA- and CPR-induced increases in serum Ang-2 protein expression and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio and attenuated the decrease in serum Ang-1 expression. Therapeutic hypothermia also increased the protein expression of Ang-1 and the phosphorylated Tie-2/Tie-2 ratio and inhibited the expression of Ang-2 in the cerebral cortex at 24h after ROSC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our experiment, therapeutic hypothermia decreased cerebral edema after CA, which may be, at least in part, related to its ability to modulate the expression of components of the Ang-Tie-2 system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiebin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: lcscyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: ChunSheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: JunYuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: ZhenHua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: YongZhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D042702:Angiopoietin-2
keywords: Angiopoietin; Brain edema; Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Hypothermia