title: Anti-aging effects of M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) as a novel immunosuppressive drug on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress parameters in an experimental model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anti-aging property of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent was investigated on several determinants relative to the oxidative stress in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were used for evaluating the safety and efficacy properties of M2000 on some oxidative stress enzymes, including the following: mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression by real-time PCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein (PCO) (the lipid and protein oxidation marker, respectively), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were tested in serum by biochemical analysis. In addition, cortisol as a steroid hormone was surveyed by chemiluminescence immunoassay after 12 weeks of M2000 consumption. The rats were sacrificed 3 months after daily oral administration of M2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings revealed the favorable effects of M2000 on several antioxidant enzyme and gene expression, including SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and GST; however, our results were not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no significant difference in MDA and PCO as lipid and protein oxidation markers, TAC, and cortisol compared with the control group following M2000 consumption. A slight weight increase in the M2000-treated group was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed the anti-aging property of M2000 as a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with immunosuppressive property on various oxidative stress determinants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.affiliation: Centers for Air Pollution, IER, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Noshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rastkari
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh Tofighi
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Zavareh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aghazadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshafiey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C008324:mannuronic acid; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: M2000; ROS; aging; anti-aging; mannuronic acid; oxidative stress