title: DANCE, BALANCE AND CORE MUSCLE PERFORMANCE MEASURES ARE IMPROVED FOLLOWING A 9-WEEK CORE STABILIZATION TRAINING PROGRAM AMONG COMPETITIVE COLLEGIATE Dancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dance performance requires not only lower extremity muscle strength and endurance, but also sufficient core stabilization during dynamic dance movements. While previous studies have identified a link between core muscle performance and lower extremity injury risk, what has not been determined is if an extended core stabilization training program will improve specific measures of dance performance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the impact of a nine-week core stabilization program on indices of dance performance, balance measures, and core muscle performance in competitive collegiate dancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within-subject repeated measures design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 24 female collegiate dance team members (age = 19.7 ± 1.1 years, height = 164.3 ± 5.3 cm, weight 60.3 ± 6.2 kg, BMI = 22.5 ± 3.0) participated. The intervention consisted of a supervised and non-supervised core (trunk musculature) exercise training program designed specifically for dance team participants performed three days/week for nine weeks in addition to routine dance practice. Prior to the program implementation and following initial testing, transversus abdominis (TrA) activation training was completed using the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) including ultrasound imaging (USI) verification and instructor feedback. Paired t tests were conducted regarding the nine-week core stabilization program on dance performance and balance measures (pirouettes, single leg balance in passe' releve position, and star excursion balance test [SEBT]) and on tests of muscle performance. A repeated measures (RM) ANOVA examined four TrA instruction conditions of activation: resting baseline, self-selected activation, immediately following ADIM training and four days after completion of the core stabilization training program. Alpha was set at 0.05 for all analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant improvements were seen on single leg balance in passe' releve and bilateral anterior reach for the SEBT (both p ≤ 0.01), number of pirouettes (p = 0.011), and all measures of strength (p ≤ 0.05) except single leg heel raise. The RM ANOVA on mean percentage of change in TrA was significant; post hoc paired t tests demonstrated significant improvements in dancers' TrA activations across the four instruction conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This core stabilization training program improves pirouette ability, balance (static and dynamic), and measures of muscle performance. Additionally, ADIM training resulted in immediate and short-term (nine-week) improvements in TrA activation in a functional dance position.
  
  
  METHODS
  2b.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graning
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Joshuah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Melcher
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burgess
keywords: abdominal draw-in maneuver; core stability; dancers; pirouette; transversus abdominis