title: New developments for the detection and treatment of cardiac vasculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major limitation to long-term survival after heart transplantation. Innovative new techniques to diagnose CAV have been applied to detect disease. This review will examine the current diagnostic and treatment options available to clinicians for CAV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic modalities addressing the pathophysiology underlying CAV (arterial wall thickening and decreased coronary blood flow) improve diagnostic sensitivity when compared to traditional (angiography and dobutamine stress echocardiography) techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited options are available to prevent and treat CAV; however, progress has been made in making an earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Future research is needed to identify the optimal time to modify immunosuppression and investigate novel treatments for CAV.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center bCardiovascular Research Foundation cDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Clerkin
authors.forename: Ziad A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mancini