title: Revealing the location of semen, vaginal fluid and urine in stained evidence through near infrared chemical imaging.
abstract: Crime scene investigation (CSI) requires the ultimate available technology for a rapid, non-destructive, and accurate detection of a wide variety of evidence including invisible stains of bodily fluids. Particularly crucial is the discrimination of semen in stained evidence from sexual abuse cases. This is because those evidence have high odds of containing the DNA from the aggressor. To this aim, we demonstrated the potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to make visible stains of semen, vaginal fluid, and urine on fabrics, which lays the bases to face the challenging visualization and discrimination of semen within bodily fluids mixtures. Combining the NIR-HSI data and simple chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis and classical least squares regression, we have revealed the location of semen, vaginal fluid and urine in bodily fluids stained evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Ortega-Ojeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.gruiz@uah.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging; Semen; Urine; Vaginal fluid