title: Quantification of the fate of mesotrione applied alone or in a herbicide mixture in two Brazilian arable soils.
abstract: The effects of mesotrione, S-metolachlor, and terbuthylazine, applied in mixture, on soil biodegradation remain insufficiently researched. However, herbicide mixtures have been a common practice in agricultural systems in the last years. Understanding the fate of soil-applied herbicides may help on planning weed management tactics towards more sustainable and efficient weed control. Therefore, this study evaluated the fate of mesotrione alone and in mixture with S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine when applied to two contrasting arable Brazilian soils. Mineralization and degradation experiments were conducted using14C-mesotrione alone or in mixture. From the 49-day laboratory incubation data, increased mineralization half-life of mesotrione was observed for the mixture of herbicides, ranging from a 4-day increase for the sandy loam soil to a 1-day increase in the sandy clay texture soils. Mesotrione degradation rate had a twofold increase in the sandy loam compared to the sandy clay soil. Two metabolites can be identified from mesotrione degradation, 4-methyl-sulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid (MNBA) and 2-amino-4-methylsulfonyl benzoic acid (AMBA). Indices for the score of ubiquity in groundwater indicated mesotrione possesses leaching potential for both soils. Applying mesotrione alone or in mixture did not influence the amount of bound residues from mesotrione. However, mesotrione degradation rate was influenced by soil texture regardless if applied alone or in mixture. Mesotrione biotransformation was relatively quick, indicating that this herbicide has low persistence and, consequently, low residual effect on crops and weeds when present in similar soils to this present study.
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. kassio_mendes_06@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kassio Ferreira
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Assis Barbosa
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: University Federal of Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dos Reis
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Floriano
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pimpinato
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdemar Luiz
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Tornisielo
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001938:Brazil; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000032:analysis*; D006207:Half-Life; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; C432907:mesotrione; C037565:terbutylazine; C051786:metolachlor
keywords: Degradation; Herbicide mixture; Metabolites; Mineralization