title: On-line monitoring of in-vitro oral bioaccessibility tests as front-end to liquid chromatography for determination of chlorogenic acid isomers in dietary supplements.
abstract: A novel fully automated in-vitro oral dissolution test assay as a front-end to liquid chromatography has been developed and validated for on-line chemical profiling and monitoring of temporal release profiles of three caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, namely, 3-CQA,4-CQA and 5-CQA, known as chlorogenic acids, in dietary supplements. Tangential-flow filtration is harnessed as a sample processing approach for on-line handling of CQA containing extracts of hard gelatin capsules and introduction of protein-free samples into the liquid chromatograph. Oral bioaccessibility/dissolution test assays were performed at 37.0±0.5°C as per US Pharmacopeia recommendations using pepsin with activity of ca. 749,000 USP units/L in 0.1mol/L HCl as the extraction medium and a paddle apparatus stirred at 50rpm. CQA release rates and steady-state dissolution conditions were determined accurately by fitting the chromatographic datasets, namely, the average cumulative concentrations of bioaccessible pools of every individual isomer monitored during 200min, with temporal resolutions of ≥10min, to a first-order dissolution kinetic model. Distinct solid-to-liquid phase ratios in the mimicry of physiological extraction conditions were assessed. Relative standard deviations for intra-day repeatability and inter-day intermediate precision of 5-CQA within the 5-40µg/mL concentration range were <3.4% and <5.5%, respectively. Trueness of the automatic flow method for determination of 5-CQA released from dietary supplements in gastric fluid surrogate was demonstrated by spike recoveries, spanning from 91.5-104.0%, upon completion of the dissolution process. The proposed hyphenated setup was resorted for evaluating potential differences in dissolution profiles and content of the three most abundant chlorogenic acid isomers in dietary supplements from varied manufacturers.
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kremr
authors.affiliation: FI-TRACE group, University of the Balearic Islands, Department of Chemistry, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cocovi-Solberg
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bajerová
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: FI-TRACE group, University of the Balearic Islands, Department of Chemistry, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: manuel.miro@uib.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miró
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001682:Biological Availability; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D007536:Isomerism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009862:Online Systems
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid
keywords: Automation; Chlorogenic acids; Dietary supplement; Dissolution; Green coffee; Hard gelatin capsule; Oral bioaccessibility