title: Study on critical-sized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles loaded with alendronate sodium: in vitro release and cell response.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro release and the effect of RAW 264.7 macrophages of critical-sized wear particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) loaded with alendronate sodium (ALN), one of the most effective drugs to treat osteoporosis in clinic. The critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN 0.5 wt.% wear particles were prepared by vacuum gradient filtration combined with Pluronic F-68. In vitro release of ALN from critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles was investigated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C with a shaker. Cell morphology, proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and secretions of cytokines were evaluated after co-cultured with critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles in vitro. Results showed that ALN released from critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles included burst release and slow release in vitro. Macrophages would be chemotaxis and aggregated around the critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN or UHMWPE wear particle, which was phagocytosed with time. The proliferation of macrophages co-cultured with critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles was significantly decreased compared with that of critical-sized UHMWPE group. Meanwhile, the critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles significantly induced the LDH leakage of macrophages, which indicated the cell death. The death of macrophages induced by ALN was one of pathways to inhibit their proliferation. The secretions of cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN group were significantly lower than those in critical-sized UHMWPE group due to the released ALN. The present results suggested that UHMWPE-ALN had the potential application in clinic to treat osteolysis induced by wear particles.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
authors.forename: Kemeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China. qushuxin@swjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002633:Chemotaxis; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010316:Particle Size; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011095:Polyethylenes; C111601:ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019386:Alendronate