title: Chemokine in inflamed periodontal tissues activates healthy periodontal-ligament stem cell migration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to characterize the expression pattern of chemokines obtained from inflamed periodontal defects and to determine the characteristics of human periodontal-ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) migrated by each specific chemokine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both inflamed and healthy periodontal tissues were obtained from periodontitis patients (n = 11), and the chemokine expression levels were analyzed. The periodontal-tissue-specific chemokines were applied to healthy hPDLSCs from extracted teeth (n = 3), with FGF-2 acting as a positive control. Cells were separated by selected chemokines using transwell method into migrated/unmigrated hPDLSCs. The characteristics of the hPDLSC subpopulation recruited by each chemokine were assessed, and gene expression pattern was analyzed by microarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemokines were categorized into three groups by specific patterns of "appearing," "increasing," and "decreasing/disappearing" from healthy to inflamed tissues. A representative chemokine from each group enhanced the capacities for colony formation and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation while maintaining the surface markers of hPDLSCs. RANTES/CCL5 significantly increased the cellular migration of hPDLSCs, via enhancement of signaling pathways, regulation of the actin skeleton, and focal adhesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study found a specific chemokine profile induced by inflammation in periodontal tissues, with RANTES/CCL5 appearing to play a role in the migration of hPDLSCs into inflammatory periodontal lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seok
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-5978
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Kook
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Yon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoo-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002465:Cell Movement; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines
keywords: chemokines; homing; migration; periodontal stem cells; tissue regeneration