title: Excretion characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol-A in Wistar rats following mouth and nose inhalation exposure.
abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant with the largest production volume worldwide, is employed as a reactive and additive flame retardant, and also as an intermediate in the production of other retardants. The constant release of TBBPA into the environment has attracted increasing attention to its potent health effects. To date, the vast majority of health-related research on TBBPA has focused on oral exposure. This study aims to explore the excretion characteristics of TBBPA in living organisms following inhalation exposure. An inhalation exposure system was established in which the experimental animal model was exposed to inhalable particles (diameter < 10 μm) of TBBPA. The TBBPA aerosol doses used were 12.9, 54.6, 121.6, and 455.0 mg/m3according to tuning system parameters. Following 14 d (2 h/d) of repeated inhalational exposure, the primary route of elimination was in feces for all exposed groups, and the values showed a significant positive linear relationship with exposure dose. In contrast, the elimination amount in urine was less than 0.4% of the inhaled dose. Trace levels of TBBPA (less than 0.1% of the inhaled dose) were also detected in serum, with amounts varying from 0 to 844 ng (per rat) among all groups.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Yunjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Zhengdong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, China CDC, Beijing, 100021, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Mingdeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qingzhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Liangzhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. Electronic address: huili@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A
keywords: Excretion route; Inhalation exposure; Respiratory minute volume; Tetrabromobisphenol-A