title: Water temperature and dietary histidine affect cataract formation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diploid and triploid yearling smolt.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate cataract development in diploid (2N) and triploid (3N) Atlantic salmon smolts and post-smolts at two water temperatures (10 and 16 °C) given diets with different histidine supplementation (LH, 10.4 and HH, 13.1 g kg-1) before and after seawater transfer. In freshwater, a severe cataract outbreak was recorded in both ploidies reared at 16 °C. The cataract score was significantly higher in triploids compared to diploids, and the severity was lower in both ploidies fed the HH diet. The cataract development at 10 °C was minor. Low gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in fish reared at 16 °C before seawater transfer was followed by osmoregulatory stress with elevated plasma electrolyte concentrations and high mortality in sea water. Both diploids and triploids reared at 10 °C developed cataracts during the seawater period, with higher severities in triploids than diploids and a reduced severity in the fish fed the HH diet. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of environmental conditions in the husbandry of Atlantic salmon, and particularly triploids, with regard to smoltification and adjusted diets to mitigate cataract development in fresh and sea water.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Matredal, Norway.|Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sambraus
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Matredal, Norway.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fjelldal
authors.affiliation: NIFES, National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Remø
authors.affiliation: Cargill Innovation Center, Dirdal, Norway.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hevrøy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thorsen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Matredal, Norway.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: NIFES, National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waagbø
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004171:Diploidy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006639:Histidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015994:Incidence; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000235:genetics; D057885:Triploidy
chemical_list: D006639:Histidine
keywords: Atlantic salmon; cataract; histidine; smoltification; temperature; triploid