title: Translation of Hecker's 1922 "the occipital-atlanto-axial ligament system": A study in comparative anatomy.
abstract: In 1922, Paul Hecker, a French physician and Head of Anatomy at the Medical College of Strasbourg, published a sentinel thesis on the ligaments of the craniocervical junction based on a study of comparative anatomy. Unfortunately, this dissertation has been lost to history and until now, was unavailable in the English language. Herein, we present a translation of Hecker's work with an update in its nomenclature, which with modern imaging capabilities of the craniocervical junction is germane and timely. Clin. Anat. 30:322-329, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Oakes
authors.affiliation: Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sardi
authors.affiliation: Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada.
authors.forename: Nitsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topale
authors.affiliation: Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Rod J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Oskouian
authors.affiliation: Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA.|Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada.
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-1047
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
mesh_terms: D000717:Anatomy, Comparative / Q000266:history*; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014177:Translations
keywords: alar; craniocervical; craniovertebral; imaging; injury; ligaments; surgery; transverse