title: Base of Skull Blocks for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Faciomaxillary Fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faciomaxillary fractures (FMF) occur in a significant proportion of trauma patients. Nearly all polytrauma patients and even those with isolated FMF are managed under general anesthesia for definitive management. We propose the use of regional nerve blocks as a safe and effective means for open reduction and fixation of isolated FMF.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of base of skull maxillomandibular and distal trigeminal nerve blocks in the management of FMF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten young adults with fractures of the zygoma, mandible and Le Fort I/II injuries were included in the study. Patients with associated craniocervical and abdominothoracic injuries were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 40 years, with a mean time of onset of anesthesia being 5 to 12 minutes and total duration of 105 to 220 minutes. Supplementary block for patchy anesthesia was needed in three. All underwent unhindered surgery without complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Base of skull maxillary-mandibular and distal trigeminal blocks are an effective and efficient alternative to general anesthesia for the open reduction and internal fixation of FMF.
authors.affiliation: From the *Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and †Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000294:innervation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome