title: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for nodal staging in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer staging has recently evolved to include endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for nodal assessment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the performance and safety of EBUS-TBNA as a key component of a staging algorithm for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and as a single investigation technique for diagnosis and staging of NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA for NSCLC staging at our institution between April 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014 were consecutively included with prospective data collection. EBUS-TBNA was performed under general anesthesia through a rigid scope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 122 patients, 84.4% males, mean age 64.2 years. Histological type: 78 (63.9%) adenocarcinoma, 33 (27.0%) squamous cell carcinoma, 11 (8.9%) undifferentiated/other NSCLC. A total of 435 lymph node stations were punctured. Median number of nodes per patient was 4. EBUS-TBNA nodal staging: 63 (51.6%) N0; 8 (6.5%) N1; 34 (27.9%) N2, and 17 (13.9%) N3. EBUS-TBNA was the primary diagnostic procedure in 27 (22.1%) patients. EBUS-TBNA NSCLC staging had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy rate of 83.3, 100, 100, 86.1, and 91.8%, respectively. No complications were attributable to the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive lung cancer staging strategy that includes EBUS-TBNA seems to be safe and effective. Our EBUS-TBNA performance and safety in this particular setting was in line with previously published reports. Additionally, our study showed that, in selected patients, lung cancer diagnosis and staging are achievable with a single endoscopic technique.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. Electronic address: dpcoutinho@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campainha
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tente
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moura E Sá
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
keywords: EBUS-TBNA; Nodal staging; Non-small cell lung carcinoma