title: Atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen in a subtropical watershed in China: characteristics of and impacts on surface water quality.
abstract: Atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen (N) is an important process in global N cycling, having significant impacts on both water quality and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The aims of this study were to clarify the N wet deposition first flush effect and estimate the contribution of N wet deposition on both N export and water quality in a subtropical watershed. Results showed that total nitrogen (TN) flux was 41.72 kg N hm-2year-1and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) was 23.18 kg N hm-2year-1, respectively. Light rain events lead to the highest DTN and dissolve inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations of wet deposition. Rainstorm concentrations were lowest during spring rainfall-runoff events. In contrast to the baseflow, the different N forms were higher than they were under the rainfall-runoff. Rainfall event contributions on N export were greater than 93.2% in the watershed for the whole year. Finally, TN concentrations were higher than river eutrophication thresholds for the entire watershed.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. gaoyang@igsnrr.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China. gaoyang@igsnrr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009584:Nitrogen; D011891:Rain; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Baseflow; N wet deposition; Rainfall–runoff; Water quality; Watershed