title: Trends in analytical methodologies for the determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in water samples.
abstract: In the last decade, the impact of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in the aquatic environment has been widely evaluated because of their high use in industrial and household applications as well as their toxicological effects. These compounds are well-known endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) which can affect the hormonal system of humans and wildlife, even at low concentrations. Due to the fact that these pollutants enter into the environment through waters, and it is the most affected compartment, analytical methods which allow the determination of these compounds in aqueous samples at low levels are mandatory. In this review, an overview of the most significant advances in the analytical methodologies for the determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in waters is considered (from 2002 to the present). Sample handling and instrumental detection strategies are critically discussed, including analytical parameters related to quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC). Special attention is paid to miniaturized sample preparation methodologies and approaches proposed to reduce time- and reagents consumption according to Green Chemistry principles, which have increased in the last five years. Finally, relevant applications of these methods to the analysis of water samples are examined, being wastewater and surface water the most investigated.
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain; IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Science, Via La Masa 19, I-20156 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: n.salgueiro@udc.es.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salgueiro-González
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain. Electronic address: smuniat@udc.es.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniategui-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López-Mahía
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prada-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D014867:Water; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Alkylphenols; Bisphenol A; Mass spectrometry determination; Sample handling; Waters