title: Reliability of Two Smartphone Applications for Radiographic Measurements of Hallux Valgus Angles.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the reliability of 2 smartphone applications compared with the traditional goniometer technique for measurement of radiographic angles in hallux valgus and the time required for analysis with the different methods. The radiographs of 31 patients (52 feet) with a diagnosis of hallux valgus were analyzed. Four observers, 2 with >10 years' experience in foot and ankle surgery and 2 in-training surgeons, measured the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle using a manual goniometer technique and 2 smartphone applications (Hallux Angles and iPinPoint). The interobserver and intermethod reliability were estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and the time required for measurement of the angles among the 3 methods was compared using the Friedman test. A very good or good interobserver reliability was found among the 4 observers measuring the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle using the goniometer (ICC 0.913 and 0.821, respectively) and iPinPoint (ICC 0.866 and 0.638, respectively). Using the Hallux Angles application, a very good interobserver reliability was found for measurements of the hallux valgus angle (ICC 0.962) and intermetatarsal angle (ICC 0.935) only among the more experienced observers. The time required for the measurements was significantly shorter for the measurements using both smartphone applications compared with the goniometer method. One smartphone application (iPinPoint) was reliable for measurements of the hallux valgus angles by either experienced or nonexperienced observers. The use of these tools might save time in the evaluation of radiographic angles in the hallux valgus.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedist, Foot and Ankle Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Orthopedist, Instituto Vita, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Cesar
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mattos E Dinato
authors.affiliation: Orthopedist, Instituto Vita, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio de Faria
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Orthopedist, Foot and Ankle Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.affiliation: Orthopedist, Foot and Ankle Division, Hospital Nossa Senhora do Pari, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elcio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valloto
authors.affiliation: Orthopedist, Foot and Ankle Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Felipe
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. Electronic address: rpagnano@fcm.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Gonçalves
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pagnano
mesh_terms: D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D063731:Mobile Applications; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000068997:Smartphone
keywords: hallux valgus; radiography; reproducibility of results; smartphone