title: ATP is dispensable for both miRNA- and Smaug-mediated deadenylation reactions.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as well as the RNA-binding protein Smaug, recruit the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex for shortening of the poly(A) tail. It has been believed that ATP is required for deadenylation induced by miRNAs or Smaug, based on the fact that the deadenylation reaction is blocked by ATP depletion. However, when isolated, neither of the two deadenylases in the CCR4-NOT complex requires ATP by itself. Thus, it remains unknown why ATP is required for deadenylation by ribonucleoprotein complexes like miRNAs and Smaug. Herein we found that, in the absence of the ATP-regenerating system, ATP is rapidly consumed into AMP, a strong deadenylase inhibitor, inDrosophilacell lysate. Importantly, hydrolysis of AMP was sufficient to reactivate deadenylation by miRNAs or Smaug, suggesting that AMP accumulation, rather than ATP depletion, caused the inhibition of the deadenylation reaction. Our results indicate that ATP is dispensable for deadenylation induced by miRNAs or Smaug and emphasize caution in the use of ATP depletion methods.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.|Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niinuma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.|Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomari
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C402587:smg protein, Drosophila; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: ATP; CCR4-NOT complex; Smaug; deadenylation; microRNA