title: IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels/polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Brazilian individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and lL-10 levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms [TNF-α (-308 G→A), IL-6 (-174 C→G) and IL-10 (-1082 A→G, -819 T→C and -592 A→C)] in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and two T2DM patients and 62 controls were included in this study. Cytokine plasma levels were measured by the Cytometric Bead Array method. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 levels were significantly different between T2DM patients and controls. Interestingly, IL-6 levels were higher in T2DM patients with BMI > 30 kg/m2 compared with other patients and obese controls. The genotype and allele frequencies were similar between patients and controls. In the T2DM group, the SNP IL-10 -819 T/C showed a difference between the cytokine level and genotypes: IL-10 level in the TT genotype was significantly higher when compared to CC genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest an association between IL-6 levels and obesity, and IL-10 levels and the SNP -819 T/C in T2DM. Knowledge of these variants in T2DM might contribute to a better understanding of the role of inflammation in the etiology and progression of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Kathryna Fontana
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nathalia Teixeira
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Pietrani
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Adriana Aparecida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Magalhães Freire
authors.initials: FMF
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Valéria Cristina
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sandrim
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Karina Braga
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10