title: First-trimester prediction of surgical outcome in abnormally invasive placenta using the cross-over sign.
abstract: Ultrasound assessment of the relationship between the ectopic gestational sac and the endometrial line (cross-over sign; COS) in Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) has been shown to be useful in predicting the evolution of CSP towards different types of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the COS can be used to predict surgical outcome in women with AIP.
  
  
  
  A retrospective analysis was performed of early first-trimester (6-8 weeks' gestation) ultrasound images of women with AIP managed in the third trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesized that assessment of COS may identify cases of AIP at higher risk of intra- or postsurgical morbidity. Outcomes explored were estimated blood loss during surgery, need for and amount of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma units required either during or after surgery, operative time, intrasurgical complications, gestational age at birth, delivery < 34 weeks of gestation, length of hospital stay and admission to intensive care unit. Differences in the explored outcomes were assessed among women with different types of COS variant (COS-1, COS-2+ or COS-2-) as observed on first-trimester ultrasound examination.
  
  
  
  Sixty-eight pregnancies were included in the study. Mean estimated blood loss was higher in AIP pregnancies with COS-1 than in those with COS-2+ (P = 0.039) or COS-2- (P = 0.01). Mean number of packed red blood cell units required during or after the operation was higher in women with COS-1 compared with those with COS-2+ (P = 0.001) and COS-2- (P = 0.029), while there was no difference between pregnancies with COS-2+ and those with COS-2- (P = 0.797). Mean operative time was longer in AIP pregnancies with COS-1 than in those with COS-2+ (P = 0.039) or COS-2- (P = 0.017). Finally, pregnancies with COS-1 were delivered earlier than those with COS-2+ (P = 0.0001) or COS-2- (P = 0.0001).
  
  
  
  First-trimester ultrasound assessment of the relationship between the ectopic gestational sac and the endometrial line (COS) may identify women with AIP who are at higher risk of intra- or postsurgical morbidity. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calì
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forlani
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Minneci
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Liberto
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Familiari
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.|Department of Women's and Children's Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5178-3354
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Antonio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010921:Placenta Accreta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
keywords: Cesarean scar pregnancy; abnormal invasive placenta; increta; percreta; placenta accreta