title: The relationship between Impulse Control Disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: A meta-analysis.
abstract: Impulse Control Disorders (ICD) are associated with impairment in cognitive flexibility and cortical inhibition. In Parkinson's Disease (PD) the relationship between ICD and cognitive dysfunctions is still unclear: some studies found different cognitive profiles between Parkinsonians with and without ICD, whereas others did not. Moreover, findings from studies on ICD in PD are conflicting on which cognitive function is altered. A meta-analysis of 34 studies was performed to shed light on relationship between ICD and cognitive dysfunctions and to reveal the cognitive function compromised in Parkinsonians with ICD. Data were analysed in global cognitive functioning, memory, executive functions, attention/working memory, language, and visuospatial functions. Significant relationship between ICD and dysfunction of abstraction ability/concept formation, set-shifting, visuospatial/constructional abilities and decision-making was found. These findings suggested that people affected by PD with specific frontal dysfunctions are more vulnerable to develop ICD when they take antiparkinsonian drug. Evaluation of specific cognitive functions in routine clinical practice might help to detect those people with PD susceptible to ICD before treating them with antiparkinsonian drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: gabriella.santangelo@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; D056344:Executive Function; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease
keywords: Cognitive deficit; Cognitive dysfunctions; Impulse Control Disorders; Parkinson’s disease; Pathological gambling