title: Electro-clinical-etiological associations of epilepsia partialis continua in 57 Chinese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) was one type of focal status epilepticus. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics, and outcome of 57 child-onset patients with EPC according to different etiologies, and further explore the electro-clinical-etiological associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 57 children diagnosed with EPC in our department over last ten years. Etiology, clinical and EEG data, and outcome were categorized and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 57 child-onset patients, EPC was caused by different etiologies, including immune-related disease (43.9%), focal lesions (17.5%), inborn errors of metabolism (24.6%), and unknown (14.0%). EEG background abnormalities showed generalized slowing in 45 patients (78.9%) and focal slowing in two patients (3.5%). Nineteen patients (33.3%) presented clear correlation of ictal EEG/EMG and the remaining 38 patients (66.7%) showed no clear correlation of ictal EEG/EMG. Both EEG background activity and ictal EEG/EMG correspondence among different etiologies had statistical significance (P<0.05). The ictal patterns without clear EEG/EMG correspondence in immune-related disease and the ictal patterns with clear EEG/EMG correspondence in focal lesions were more prominent (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study of child-onset EPC with a large series in a pediatric epilepsy center in China. The most common cause for EPC was immune-related disease. The EEG background activity and the EEG/EMG correspondence might be influenced by the etiologies of EPC to some degree. These findings might guide the direction of EPC diagnosis in conjunction with other examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: lihui1409@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: xuejiao2277@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: qianpingerke@163.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: zhangyhdr@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: zwhang@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: dr_lxy@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: zhixian.yang@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhixian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D017036:Epilepsia Partialis Continua / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Children; Clinical; Electroencephalography; Epilepsia partialis continua; Etiology