title: De novo DNA methylation during monkey pre-implantation embryogenesis.
abstract: Critical epigenetic regulation of primate embryogenesis entails DNA methylome changes. Here we report genome-wide composition, patterning, and stage-specific dynamics of DNA methylation in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos as well as male and female gametes studied using an optimized tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing method. We show that upon fertilization, both paternal and maternal genomes undergo active DNA demethylation, and genome-wide de novo DNA methylation is also initiated in the same period. By the 8-cell stage, remethylation becomes more pronounced than demethylation, resulting in an increase in global DNA methylation. Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. Unlike in rodents, X chromosome inactivation is not observed during monkey pre-implantation development. Our study provides the first comprehensive illustration of the 'wax and wane' phases of DNA methylation dynamics. Most importantly, our DNA methyltransferase loss-of-function analysis indicates that DNA methylation influences early monkey embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yuyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.|Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yi Eve
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
authors.forename: Hanlin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yongchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Siguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Chenyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Juehua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Nianqin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Weizhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.|National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000073399:DNA Demethylation; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D000882:Haplorhini; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B