title: Urinary Excretion of Kidney Aquaporins as Possible Diagnostic Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microangiopathic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting one-third of diabetic patients. The large variability in the clinical presentation of renal involvement in patients with DM makes kidney biopsy a prerequisite for a correct diagnosis. However, renal biopsy is an invasive procedure associated with risk of major complications. Numerous studies aimed to identify a noninvasive biomarker of DN but, so far, none of these is considered to be sufficiently specific and sensitive. Water channel aquaporins (AQPs), expressed at the plasma membrane of epithelial tubular cells, are often dysregulated during DN. In this work, we analyzed the urine excretion of AQP5 and AQP2 (uAQP5 and uAQP2),viaexosomes, in 35 diabetic patients: 12 normoalbuminuric with normal renal function (DM), 11 with proteinuric nondiabetic nephropathy (NDN), and 12 with histological diagnosis and classification of DN. ELISA and WB analysis independently showed that uAQP5 was significantly increased in DN patients. Interestingly, linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between uAQP5 and the histological class of DN. The same analysis, focusing on uAQP2, showed comparable results. Taken together, these data suggest a possible use of AQP5 and AQP2 as novel noninvasive biomarkers to help in classifying the clinical stage of DN.
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7600-8816
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmosino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mastrofrancesco
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Franco
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Indrio
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lella
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laviola
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giorgino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svelto
authors.affiliation: DETO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Loreto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gesualdo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0043-7523
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Procino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000652:urine*; D051402:Aquaporin 5 / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D051399:Aquaporin 2; D051402:Aquaporin 5; D015415:Biomarkers