title: Clinical presentation and outcomes in type IV dual left anterior descending artery anomaly.
abstract: Type IV dual left anterior descending artery (LAD) anomaly constitutes a rare subset of coronary anomalies in which the anterior and anterolateral wall of the left ventricle is supplied by a short LAD originating from the left coronary artery along with a long LAD that originates from the right sinus of Valsalva. Albeit rare, the angiographic presentation is challenging since the appearance of the short LAD is similar to a total occlusion beyond first few diagonal or septal branches. Here, we present a series of four cases with type IV dual LAD anomaly with different clinical and angiographic presentations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Yiğit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga Sinan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Güvenç
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Baran
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Karataş
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşıyolu Heart Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bezgin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Bariş
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Haydarpaşa Numune Research and Training Hospital.
authors.forename: Rengin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Çetin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bolca
keywords: acute coronary syndrome; atherosclerosis; coronary angiography; coronary anomaly; coronary artery disease