title: High prevalence of dental caries among HIV-infected children in West Africa compared to uninfected siblings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between HIV infection and dental caries among children in West Africa, and to identify factors associated with dental caries among HIV-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multi-center cross-sectional study in Mali, Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire with a random sample of HIV-infected children aged 5-15 years on antiretroviral therapy and their uninfected siblings. A standardized examination was performed by calibrated dentists. The association between the number of decayed, missing or filled permanent and primary teeth surfaces (DMFdefS) and HIV status was investigated by fitting multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial models, for each age group (<12 and ≥12 years). Factors associated with dental caries could be investigated only for HIV-infected children <12 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 420 HIV-infected children and 418 non-infected siblings. The median DMFdefS was 7 for the HIV-infected children and 2 for the uninfected siblings. The proportion of children with DMFdefS ≥1 was significantly higher among the HIV-infected children than uninfected children (86.0 percent versus 64.4 percent, P < 0.001). The HIV-infected children were less likely to be caries-free than the uninfected siblings in both age groups. We found a higher degree of caries experience among HIV-infected children < 12 years old, in whom it was associated with sweet drink consumption, history of night bottle use, immunosuppression, and younger age at study entry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although preventable, the burden of dental disease was high in children from families affected by HIV in West Africa and was associated with HIV infection and immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UFR, d'Odontologie, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Noëlla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajonson
authors.affiliation: Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, UFR d'Odontostomatologie, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.|Programme PAC-CI/CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meless
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Odonto-Stomatologie, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Boubacar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Hopital d'Enfants Albert Royer, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Malick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faye
authors.affiliation: PMI Yopougon-Attié, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Jean-Serge
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Diby
authors.affiliation: Université de Cocody, CCTOS, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: N'zore
authors.affiliation: Université de Cocody, CCTOS, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datté
authors.affiliation: CHU Yopougon, Pédiatrie, Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Lucrèce
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diecket
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Gabriel Touré, Pédiatrie, Medina Coure, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Clémentine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: N'Diaye
authors.affiliation: CePReF, Pédiatrie, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Edmond Addi
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Aka
authors.affiliation: CIRBA, Pédiatrie, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Kouadio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kouakou
authors.affiliation: Hopital d'Enfants Albert Royer, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Abou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Programme PAC-CI/CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Didier Koumavi
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ekouévi
authors.affiliation: INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.|Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219- Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabis
authors.affiliation: Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shiboski
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UFR, d'Odontologie, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrivé
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000354:Africa, Western / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D035781:Siblings
keywords: HIV [Mesh]; Highly Active” [Mesh]; children; epidemiology; “Africa Western” [Mesh]; “Antiretroviral Therapy; “Dental Caries” [Mesh]