title: Evaluation and comparison of five skinfold calipers
abstract: Introduction: The use of reliable, valid and precise skinfold calipers are key for an adequate anthropometric evaluation and corporal composition analysis. 
  Objective: To compare five models of skinfold calipers -Prime Vision (PV); Harpenden (HP); Sanny (SN); Cescorf (CE); Lange (LA)-. 
  Materials and methods:Thirty-five men (age = 21.5 ± 2.7 y; body mass 72.2 ± 8.0 kg; height 1.76 ± 0.06 m) were recruited and skinfolds (i.e.,triceps, biceps, subscapular, pectoral, mid-axillary, suprailiac, abdominal, mid-tight, mid-calf) were measured. Four body fat predictive equations (Durnin y Wimberley; Pollock 3DC; Pollock 7DC; Petroski) were used. Normality assumption for all data was verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Predicted body density and fat were compared between skinfold calipers using a two-way ANOVA, with Scheffe post hoc procedures. The αlevel was set at p ≤ 0.05 for statistical significance. 
  Results: No significant differences were observed between skinfold calipers for predicted body density or body fat. 
  Conclusion: Skinfold calipers compared in this study are precise and efficient to quantify and assess body density and body fat.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biociencias del Movimiento Humano (EEFD). Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Brasil. alexis.caniuqueo@uautonoma.cl.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandes Filho
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caniuqueo Vargas
authors.forename: Cintia Campolina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Duarte Rocha
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández Mosqueira
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roquetti Fernandes
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernandes da Silva
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Campillo
authors.forename: Guissela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quiroz Sievers
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D055815:Young Adult