title: Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions in Portugal: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One important aspect of the societal burden of mental disorders is the extent to which these problems cause disability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess days out of role associated with commonly occurring mental disorders in comparison with physical disorders in Portugal.
  
  
  METHODS
  National cross-sectional survey, with home interviews carried out with 3849 adult (aged 18+) respondents (57.3% response rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve-month prevalence for any mental disorder was 21.8%, any physical disorder 55.1% and any disorder 63.1%, with an average of 2.3 disorders per respondent with a disorder. Close to one out of every 10 respondents (9.2%) reported at least one day totally out of role in the past month (median of 6.4 days/any). The 18 conditions accounted for 78.2% of all days out of role, with 20.2% because of mental disorders and 59.2% because of physical disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental disorders account for a substantial proportion of all role disability in the Portuguese population. Early detection and intervention would have a positive societal effect. Owing to highly frequent comorbidity, simultaneous management of mental and physical disorder comorbidities is advised for greater effect.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  R.C.K. in the past 3 years has been a consultant for Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Johnson & Johnson's Wellness and Prevention, Inc. and Sanofi-Aventis Groupe. He has served on advisory boards for Mensante Corporation, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Lake Nona Life Project and U.S. Preventive Medicine, Inc. He is a co-owner of DataStat, Inc.
  © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2017. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Graça
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilagut
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petukhova
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caldas-de-Almeida