title: Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae inhibits pathogen-induced upper genital tract inflammation in rats through suppression of NF-κB pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) is traditionally used to treat gynecological disease, which is simply recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, whether it has effect on upper genital tract inflammation (UGTI) is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pharmacological effect of RSG on UGTI in rats and analyze its phytochemistry characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The substances in RSG extract was qualified by LC-Q-TOF-MS method, and 11 substances were further quantified. The RSG extract, at dose of 241, 482 (clinical dose) and 964mg/kg/day, was orally administered to UGTI rats whose upper genital tracts were multi-infected with pathogens. Infiltrations of neutrophil and lymphocyte and productions of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, MCP-1, RANTES, PGE2, COX-2, NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in upper genital tract were examined to evaluate the effects of RSG and its potential mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 substances were detected in RSG extract, with 50 substances putatively identified, most of which were flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids. The quantification analysis showed flavonoid had a relative high amount. In pharmacological study, RSG extract suppressed infiltrations of inflammatory cells, reduced over-productions of factors involved in inflammation and pelvic pain. A potential mechanism of these effects was blocking NF-κB signal pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RSG extract exhibited anti-inflammatory effect on UGTI, with a potential mechanism of blocking the activation of NF-κB signal pathway. The effect may be involved in the presence of substances, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Hougang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Qiue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China. Electronic address: wxk19631214@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Zuoqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China. Electronic address: wangwei402@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C528109:Rhizoma Smilacinus compound; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Astilbin (PubChem CID: 119258); Catechin (PubChem CID: 73160); Engeletin (PubChem CID: 12309470); L-epicatechin (PubChem CID: 1203); LC-Q-TOF-MS; NF-κB; Naringenin (PubChem CID: 932); Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343); Rats; Resveratrol (PubChem CID: 46782864); Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae; Shikimic acid (PubChem CID: 8742); Syringic acid (PubChem CID: 10742); Taxifolin (PubChem CID: 471); Upper genital tract inflammation