title: Evaluation of low impact development approach for mitigating flood inundation at a watershed scale in China.
abstract: Low impact development (LID) has attracted growing attention as an important approach for urban flood mitigation. Most studies evaluating LID performance for mitigating floods focus on the changes of peak flow and runoff volume. This paper assessed the performance of LID practices for mitigating flood inundation hazards as retrofitting technologies in an urbanized watershed in Nanjing, China. The findings indicate that LID practices are effective for flood inundation mitigation at the watershed scale, and especially for reducing inundated areas with a high flood hazard risk. Various scenarios of LID implementation levels can reduce total inundated areas by 2%-17% and areas with a high flood hazard level by 6%-80%. Permeable pavement shows better performance than rainwater harvesting against mitigating urban waterlogging. The most efficient scenario is combined rainwater harvesting on rooftops with a cistern capacity of 78.5 mm and permeable pavement installed on 75% of non-busy roads and other impervious surfaces. Inundation modeling is an effective approach to obtaining the information necessary to guide decision-making for designing LID practices at watershed scales.
authors.affiliation: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan. Electronic address: hu.maochuan.4s@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Maochuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sayama
authors.affiliation: School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China. Electronic address: zxqrh@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xingqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takara
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, 1431, Norway; CEES, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D055868:Floods; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014507:Urbanization
keywords: Flo-2D model; Hazard level; Inundation area; Inundation depth; Modeling