title: Identification of strong promoters based on the transcriptome of Bacillus licheniformis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To expand the repertoire of strong promoters for high level expression of proteins based on the transcriptome of Bacillus licheniformis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transcriptome of B. licheniformis ATCC14580 grown to the early stationary phase was analyzed and the top 10 highly expressed genes/operons out of the 3959 genes and 1249 operons identified were chosen for study promoter activity. Using beta-galactosidase gene as a reporter, the candidate promoter pBL9 exhibited the strongest activity which was comparable to that of the widely used strong promoter p43. Furthermore, the pro-transglutaminase from Streptomyces mobaraensis (pro-MTG) was expressed under the control of promoter pBL9 and the activity of pro-MTG reached 82 U/ml after 36 h, which is 23% higher than that of promoter p43 (66.8 U/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our analyses of the transcriptome of B. licheniformis, we have identified a strong promoter pBL9, which could be adapted for high level expression of proteins in the host Bacillus subtilis.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanrui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. btlipan@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000069976:Bacillus licheniformis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Bacillus licheniformis; Operon prediction; Promoter activity; RNA sequencing; Transcription start site