title: Predictive meta-regressions relating mercury tissue concentrations of freshwater piscivorous mammals.
abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant of global concern. Sentinel species such as river otter (Lontra canadensis) and mink (Neovison vison) are often used to monitor environmental concentrations in freshwater ecosystems. Tissue total Hg (THg) concentrations are frequently used as biomarkers of exposure. However, there is no comprehensive model relating Hg tissue concentrations in different tissues, making interstudy comparisons challenging. Our objective was to establish conversion factors relating fur, brain, liver, kidney, and muscle THg concentrations using mean concentrations and standard errors reported in the literature. We used data from more than 6000 samples, pooled across 16 studies and 96 sampling sites in North America and Europe. Sixteen regressions were derived for the river otter and mink models, which were statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval and yielded high explained variances. The models were validated using an external data set of individually measured THg tissue concentrations. The validated conversions were used to evaluate the current fur Hg screening guidelines of 20 µg/g and 30 µg/g. At both of these fur concentrations, brain concentrations are of concern for altering brain neurochemistry. We suggest a more conservative fur Hg screening guideline of 15 µg/g to protect sensitive furbearers. The conversion factors can be used to predict internal organ THg concentrations from fur measurements, eliminating the need for invasive tissue sampling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2377-2384. © 2017 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eccles
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.|Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hing Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000076203:Animal Fur / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D005618:Fresh Water; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D008907:Mink; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D009656:North America; D010041:Otters; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Biomarker; Conversion factor; Mercury; Mink; River otter