title: [Quantitative mineralogical analyzes of kidney stones and diagnosing metabolic disorders in female patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a complex examination of female patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis to detect metabolic disorders, leading to stone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out using complex physical and chemical methods, including quantitative X-ray phase analysis of urinary stones, pH measurement, volumetry, urine and blood spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative mineralogical composition of stones, daily urine pH profile, daily urinary excretion of ions of calcium, magnesium, oxalate, phosphate, citrate and uric acid were determined in 20 female patients with calcium oxalate stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that most of the stones comprised calcium oxalate monohydrate or mixtures of calcium oxalate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite. Among the identified abnormalities, the most frequent were hypocitraturia and hypercalciuria - 90 and 45%, respectively. Our findings revealed that the daily secretion of citrate and oxalate in patients older than 50 years was significantly lower than in younger patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, daily urinary citrate excretion should be measured in female patients with calcium oxalate stones. This is necessary both to determine the causes of stone formation, and to monitor the effectiveness of citrate therapy.
authors.affiliation: United Center of Physical and Chemical Solutions, Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS.|Department of Surgery and Urology, IvSMA of Minzdrav of Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kustov
authors.affiliation: Adult Urology Department, Ivanovo regional clinical hospital, Ivanovo.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moryganov
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Urology, IvSMA of Minzdrav of Russia.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Strel'nikov
authors.affiliation: Ltd. Impact, Moscow.
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Zhuravleva
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Urology, IvSMA of Minzdrav of Russia.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Airapetyan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000652:urine*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000652:urine*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D019343:Citric Acid; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: calcium oxalate urolithiasis; diagnosis of metabolic disorders; quantitative X-ray analysis of stones