title: Predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and clinical predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic, young adult women with type 1 DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 45 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (aged 36 ± 9 years) who underwent carotid Doppler ultrasound evaluation to determine the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and to assess the occurrence of carotid artery plaques. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined by the World Health Organization criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort had a mean age of 36 ± 9 years, diabetes duration of 18.1 ± 9.5 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 24.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2. MS was present in 44.4% of the participants. The CIMT was 0.25 ± 0.28 mm, and the prevalence of carotid artery plaques was 13%. CIMT correlated positively with hypertension (p = 0.04) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.37, p = 0.012). The presence of carotid artery plaques correlated positively with age (p = 0.018) and hypertension (p = 0.017). eGDR correlated negatively with CIMT (r = -0.39, p = 0.009) and carotid plaques (p = 0.04). Albuminuria showed a correlation trend with CIMT (p = 0.06). Patients with carotid artery plaques were older, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, and lower eGDR. No correlation was found between CIMT and carotid plaques with diabetes duration, MS, BMI, cholesterol profile, glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, or fibrinogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, and older age were predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic, young adult women with type 1 DM.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diabetes, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diabetes, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Manuella Rangel
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Larrúbia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diabetes, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Isabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bussade
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diabetes, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Joana Rodrigues Dantas
authors.initials: JRD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diabetes, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Giovanna A Balarini
authors.initials: GAB
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Gaveacor - Diagnóstico Cardiológico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcio Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Epifanio
authors.affiliation: Gaveacor - Diagnóstico Cardiológico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Claudio Domenico Sahione
authors.initials: CDS
authors.lastname: Schettino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diabetes, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Denise Prado
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Momesso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol