title: [Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach and precursor lesions].
abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract although they are much less frequent than epithelial tumors. In more than 60% of cases they occur in the stomach. Especially small lesions measuring ≤1 cm in diameter, so-called microscopic GIST can occur multifocally, frequently in the proximal stomach wall and sometimes as an incidental finding in a gastrectomy specimen resected for gastric cancer. The multicentricity of GIST alone is not proof of a metastatic behavior or a syndromal or hereditary disease. Multiple sporadic synchronous and metachronous GIST are characterized by different primary mutations mostly in the KIT or PDGFRA genes and are often less aggressive. It is speculative whether a field effect is responsible or whether still unknown GIST-promoting factors may facilitate the development of several independent lesions. If KIT or PDGFRA mutations are lacking, a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficient GIST has to be considered, either hereditary as Carney-Stratakis syndrome or syndromal as part of a Carney triad.
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland. eva.wardelmann@ukmuenster.de.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wardelmann
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trautmann
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sperveslage
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elges
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hekeler
authors.affiliation: Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huss
mesh_terms: D002812:Chondroma / Q000473:pathology; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000473:pathology; D010236:Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; C000628936:KIT protein, human; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha
keywords: Gastric GIST; KIT mutation; Microscopic GIST; PDGFRA mutation; SDH mutation