title: Custom-Shaped Organic Photovoltaic Modules-Freedom of Design by Printing.
abstract: Freedom of design that was introduced as organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules were fabricated by printing. As proof-of-concept, we show OPV leaf fabrication in A5 size using gravure and rotary screen printing processes for the main active layers of the OPV structure. These printing methods allow direct printing of any kind of arbitrary, two-dimensional shapes including patterning of the electric contacts thus post-patterning stages are not needed. Fabrication of custom-shaped OPV modules requires detailed information about the technical boundaries set by the manufacturing process and materials which in turn influence the layout design and R2R upscaling. In this paper, we show custom-shaped OPV modules, patterned directly in a shape of a tree leaf with an overall size of 110 cm2and an active area of 50 cm2providing a power conversion efficiency of 2.0% and maximum power of 98 mW.
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland. marja.valimaki@vtt.fi.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-5310
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peltoniemi
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rousu
keywords: Arbitrary shape OPV; Custom-shaped OPV; Freedom of design; Printed OPV; Ultra-thin and lightweight