title: Preparation of a silica stationary phase co-functionalized with Wulff-type phenylboronate and C12 for mixed-mode liquid chromatography.
abstract: A silica stationary phase was designed and synthesized through the co-functionalization of silica with Wulff-type phenylboronate and C12 for mixed-mode liquid chromatography applications. The as-synthesized stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform-InfraRed Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Retention mechanisms, including boronate affinity (BA), reversed-phase (RP) and anion-exchange (AE), were involved. Retention mechanism switching was easily realized by adjustment of the mobile phase constitution. Cis-diol compounds could be selectively captured under neutral conditions in BA mode and off-line separated in RP mode. Neutral, basic, acidic and amphiprotic compounds were chromatographed on the column in RP chromatography, while inorganic anions were chromatographed in AE chromatography to characterize the mixed-mode nature of the prepared stationary phase. In addition, the RP performance was compared with an octadecyl silica column in terms of column efficiency (N/m), asymmetry factor (Af), retention factor (k) and resolution (Rs). The prepared stationary phase offered multiple interactions with analytes in addition to hydrophobic interactions under RP elution conditions. Based on the mixed-mode properties, off-line 2D-LC, for selective capture and separation of urinary nucleosides, was successfully realized on a single column, demonstrating its powerful application potential for complex samples.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
authors.forename: Hengye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
authors.forename: Xuemeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yancheng Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yancheng, 224000, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Huai'an Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Huai'an, 223001, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
authors.forename: Fenying
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
authors.forename: Dahe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China. Electronic address: wangw@ycit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000652:urine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D009711:Nucleotides; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C010686:benzeneboronic acid
keywords: Boronate affinity chromatography; Mixed-mode chromatography; Reversed-phase chromatography; Stationary phase; Urinary nucleosides