title: Immune Profile of Obese People and In Vitro Effects of Red Grape Polyphenols on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
abstract: The in vitro ability of polyphenols, extracted from red grape, to modulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses has been evaluated in 20 obese (Ob) people. With regard to cytokine release in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 were higher in the Ob than in healthy (H) subjects.Vice versa, IL-21 concentrations were detected only in H people but they were undetectable in the Ob counterpart. In general terms, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-αwere higher in Ob people when compared to H controls. On the other hand, polyphenols did not modify IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 levels. However, an increase in IL-2 was observed in H individuals, whereas its levels were decreased in the Ob counterpart. Polyphenols significantly increased IL-10 release from H donors, whereas a trend to increase was observed in Ob people. In addition, polyphenols were able to significantly increase levels of H IL-21, while this was not the case in Ob people. Since IL-21 is an inducer of Th17 cells, it is likely that polyphenols may suppress the sources of this cytokineviaproduction of IL-10. Accordingly, polyphenols decreased IL-1βand IL-6 release in comparison to H controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Thea
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0503-9110
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; Fondazione San Raffaele, 72013 Ceglie Messapica, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2857-7106
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jirillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2767-3910
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spagnoletta
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Manrico
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4796-6633
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magrone
authors.affiliation: Consorzio MEBIC, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo Antonio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5847-6015
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Farmalabor Srl, 76012 Canosa di Puglia, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Farmalabor Srl, 76012 Canosa di Puglia, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9595-0591
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laforgia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Donvito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Silvestris
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Pergola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D059808:Polyphenols