title: Nonmonotonic responses to low doses of xenoestrogens: A review.
abstract: Xenoestrogens (XEs) mimic or block the synthesis, metabolism and transport of normal endogenous hormones, disturbing normal endocrine function. The available data on the nonmonotonic estrogenic effects of low doses of many XEs are reviewed, covering in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. The observed nonmonotonic patterns of the dose-response curves are discussed, along with possible underlying mechanisms. This review is intended to provide guidance for harm predication and to suggest prevention measures.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Xinhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: huangbin@kmust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004967:Estrogens; D015262:Xenobiotics
keywords: Dose-response effects; Molecular mechanisms; Nonmonotonic responses; Toxicology; Xenoestrogens