title: Response of human dental pulp cells to a silver-containing PLGA/TCP-nanofabric as a potential antibacterial regenerative pulp-capping material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Damage or exposure of the dental pulp requires immediate therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study assessed the biocompatibility of a silver-containing PLGA/TCP-nanofabric scaffold (PLGA/Ag-TCP) in two in vitro models, i.e. the material adapted on pre-cultured cells and cells directly cultured on the material, respectively. Collagen saffolds with and without hyaluronan acid (Coll-HA; Coll) using both cell culturing methods and cells growing on culture plates served as reference. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed after 24, 48, and 72 h based on formazan formation and BrdU incorporation. Scaffolds were harvested. Gene expression of interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) was assessed 24 h after stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both models formazan formation and BrdU incorporation was reduced by PLGA/Ag-TCP on dental pulp cells, while no significant reduction was found in cells with Coll and Coll-HA. Cells with PLGA/Ag-TCP for 72 h showed similar relative BrdU incorporation than cells stimulated with Coll and Coll-HA. A prominent increase in the pro-inflammatory genes IL-6 and TNF-α was observed when cells were cultured with PLGA/Ag-TCP compared to the other groups. This increase was parallel with a slight increase in AP expression. Overall, no differences between the two culture methods were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLGA/Ag-TCP decreased viability and proliferation rate of human dental pulp cells and increased the pro-inflammatory capacity and alkaline phosphatase expression. Whether these cellular responses observed in vitro translate into pulp regeneration in vivo will be assessed in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cvikl
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miron
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agis
authors.affiliation: Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, Department of Periodontology, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bosshardt
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, CH-8032, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. patrick.schmidlin@zzm.uzh.ch.|Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, CH-8032, Switzerland. patrick.schmidlin@zzm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lussi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007455:Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D057139:Nanofibers; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D012459:Salicylates; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012834:Silver; D002713:Chlorine; C030307:TCP (antiseptic); D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D007455:Iodine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Capping; Dental pulp; In vitro techniques; Regeneration