title: The effect of pacing strategy on physiological, kinetic and performance variables during simulated rowing ergometer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the effects of self-selected (SSP), negative (NPS), and even pacing strategy (EPS) on performance time, and kinetic and physiological variables in overall 2-km rowing and in first and second 1 km.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male rowers (15.37±1.34 years) realized four tests: an incremental test on a rowing ergometer to determine their VO2peak and three experimental 2-km rowing race, where first 1 km was manipulated. From SSP a negative pacing strategy, 4% slower than the mean velocity of SSP, and an even pacing strategy (EPS) with mean velocity of SSP, were developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High stroke rate and better performance time were observed in SSP. Fstr and Fpeak decreased, whereas performance time increased, in SSP and EPS from first to second 1 km. However, performance time, stroke rate and Pst in NPS presented better values (P=0.001) with the exception of decreased stroke length (P=0.03). There was an increase in physiological responses in all pacing strategies from first to second 1 km (P=0.001). Performance time, stroke rate and Fstr were better in SSP and EPS compared to NPS in first 1 km (P=0.001). VE, VE/VO2, VCO2 were better in SSP and EPS compared to NPS (P=0.001) in both first and second 1 km. Stroke length was smaller in SSP compared to NPS and EPS in second 1 km (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSP (parabolic-shaped profile) allowed rowers to cover the 2-km distance at higher stroke rate and in shorter performance time compared to negative and even pacing strategies presenting same physiological responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece - edimakop@phed.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dimakopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Track and Field, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zacharogiannis
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Chrysoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chairopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Socratis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaloupsis
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Platanou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D016552:Ergometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D000073678:Water Sports / Q000502:physiology*