title: The Potential for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Techniques in Pediatric Stroke Research.
abstract: This article was written to provide clinicians and researchers with an overview of a number of advanced neuroimaging techniques in an effort to promote increased utility and the design of future studies using advanced neuroimaging in childhood stroke. The current capabilities of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques provide the opportunity to build on our knowledge of the consequences of stroke on the developing brain. These capabilities include providing information about the physiology, metabolism, structure, and function of the brain that are not routinely evaluated in the clinical setting.
  
  
  
  During the Proceedings of the Stroke Imaging Laboratory for Children Workshop in Toronto in June 2015, a subgroup of clinicians and imaging researchers discussed how the application of advanced neuroimaging techniques could further our understanding of the mechanisms of stroke injury and repair in the pediatric population. This subgroup was established based on their interest and commitment to design collaborative, advanced neuroimaging studies in the pediatric stroke population.
  
  
  
  In working toward this goal, we first sought to describe here the magnetic resonance imaging techniques that are currently available for use, and how they have been applied in other stroke populations (e.g., adult and perinatal stroke).
  
  
  
  With the continued improvement in advanced neuroimaging techniques, including shorter acquisition times, there is an opportunity to apply these techniques to their full potential in the research setting and learn more about the effects of stroke in the developing brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Trish
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Domi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Arastoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vossough
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Nicholas V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Stence
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Felling
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Neuroscience, Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: P Ellen
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: andrea.kassner@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010372:Pediatrics; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: MRI; neuroimaging; pediatric; stroke