title: Gender and Pathology-Specific Effect of Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Symptoms of psychosis is one of the common clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pathophysiology behind psychosis is unknown.
  
  
  
  The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, Lewy body pathology, and psychosis in AD.
  
  
  
  The data was obtained from the National Alzheimer's disease Coordinating Centre (NACC), using the Uniform Data Set and the Neuropathology Data Set. Subjects with frequent neuritic plaque on CERAD, and Braak Stage of V or VI, corresponding to high probability of AD based on the NIA-AA Regan criteria were included in the analysis.
  
  
  
  Subjects with two copies of ε4 alleles were significantly more likely to develop psychosis, both delusions and/or hallucinations, during the course of their illness. This association was gender-specific, only reaching significance in females. Our findings further showed that presence of two copies of ε4 allele was positively associated with the formation of Lewy bodies. Only in females with Lewy bodies was the effect of two copies of ε4 allele significant, reaching an odd ratio of 4.5.
  
  
  
  The APOE ε4 allele has a female-specific effect in inducing psychosis in AD through the formation of Lewy bodies.
authors.affiliation: Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Corinne E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Tom A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Room 2-097 CC Wing, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street. Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Munoz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D016631:Lewy Bodies / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E
keywords: Alzheimer's disease (AD); apolipoprotein E; delusions; hallucinations; lewy bodies; neuropathology; neuropsychiatric symptoms