title: Visceral adiposity index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in hypogonadism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiometabolic risk is high in patients with hypogonadism. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are the practical markers of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance and independent predictors of cardiaovascular risk. To date, no study has evaluated VAI levels and TG/HDL-C ratio in hypogonadism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 112 patients with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) (mean age, 21.7 ± 2.06 years) and 124 healthy subjects (mean age, 21.5 ± 1.27 years) were enrolled. The demographic parameters, VAI, TG/HDL-C ratio, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured for all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had higher total cholesterol (p = 0.04), waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001 for all) than the healthy subjects. VAI and ADMA and TG/HDL-C levels were also higher in patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001 for all). VAI was weakly correlated with ADMA (r = 0.27, p = 0.015), HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.006), hs-CRP (r = 0.19, p = 0.04), and total testosterone (r = -0.21, p = 0.009) levels, whereas TG/HDL-C ratio was weakly correlated weakly with ADMA (r = 0.30, p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.006), and total testosterone (r = -0.16, p = 0.03) levels. Neither VAI nor TG/HDL-C ratio determined ADMA, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that patients with hypogonadism have elevated VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio. These values are significantly correlated with the surrogate markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, the predictive roles of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio are not significant. Prospective follow-up studies are warranted to clarify the role of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting cardiometabolic risk in patients with hypogonadism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haymana
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aydogan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Basaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Coskun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meric
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baskoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taslipinar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut Ilker
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bolu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Azal
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000465:Algorithms; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001120:Arginine