title: Life history tactics shape amphibians' demographic responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation.
abstract: Over the last three decades, climate abnormalities have been reported to be involved in biodiversity decline by affecting population dynamics. A growing number of studies have shown that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) influences the demographic parameters of a wide range of plant and animal taxa in different ways. Life history theory could help to understand these different demographic responses to the NAO. Indeed, theory states that the impact of weather variation on a species' demographic traits should depend on its position along the fast-slow continuum. In particular, it is expected that NAO would have a higher impact on recruitment than on adult survival in slow species, while the opposite pattern is expected occur in fast species. To test these predictions, we used long-term capture-recapture datasets (more than 15,000 individuals marked from 1965 to 2015) on different surveyed populations of three amphibian species in Western Europe: Triturus cristatus, Bombina variegata, and Salamandra salamandra. Despite substantial intraspecific variation, our study revealed that these three species differ in their position on a slow-fast gradient of pace of life. Our results also suggest that the differences in life history tactics influence amphibian responses to NAO fluctuations: Adult survival was most affected by the NAO in the species with the fastest pace of life (T. cristatus), whereas recruitment was most impacted in species with a slower pace of life (B. variegata and S. salamandra). In the context of climate change, our findings suggest that the capacity of organisms to deal with future changes in NAO values could be closely linked to their position on the fast-slow continuum.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5023 LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.|CNRS, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, PSL Research University, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3529-0736
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cayuela
authors.affiliation: UMR 5023 LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.affiliation: Karch, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.|Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Benedikt R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4023-1001
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: CERFE, Centre de Recherche et Formation en Eco-Ethologie, Boult-aux-Bois, France.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pichenot
authors.affiliation: ONF, Office National des Forêts, Agence de Verdun, Verdun, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonnaire
authors.affiliation: Scientific Consulting, Ganges, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Priol
authors.affiliation: Syndicat des Gorges de l'Ardèche, Saint-Remèze, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peyronel
authors.affiliation: UMR 5023 LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laville
authors.affiliation: CNRS, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, PSL Research University, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Besnard
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011157:Population Dynamics; D014887:Weather
keywords: 
  Bombina variegata
  ; 
  Salamandra salamandra
  ; 
  Triturus cristatus
  ; North Atlantic Oscillation; amphibians; climate; fast-slow continuum; life history tactics