title: Comprehensive two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography for analysis of toad skin.
abstract: An analytical two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography (2D NPLC × RPLC) system was constructed with a newly developed thermal evaporation assisted adsorption (TEAA) interface. This novel TEAA interface with heating temperature above solvent boiling point allowed fast removal of organic NPLC solvent and successfully solved the solvent incompatibility problem between NPLC and RPLC. The system achieved rapid on-line solvent exchange between the two dimensions within a short modulation time of 190 s and was applied in the analysis of an extract from the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans. This is the first time to realize the on-line comprehensive analysis of a moderate polar natural product by coupling NPLC with reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). To be highlighted, with the TEAA interface, the 2D NPLC × RPLC system provided excellent resolution and orthogonality (75.2%), when compared with that of 2D RPLC × RPLC.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China. Electronic address: qyk@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying-Kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Bufadienolides; Bufo bufo gargarizans; Thermal evaporation assisted adsorption interface; Toad skin; Two dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography