title: Chimpanzee Down syndrome: a case study of trisomy 22 in a captive chimpanzee.
abstract: We report a case of chimpanzee trisomy 22 in a captive-born female. Because chromosome 22 in great apes is homologous to human chromosome 21, the present case is analogous to human trisomy 21, also called Down syndrome. The chimpanzee in the present case experienced retarded growth; infantile cataract and vision problems, including nystagmus, strabismus, and keratoconus; congenital atrial septal defect; and hypodontia. All of these symptoms are common in human Down syndrome. This case was the second reported case of trisomy 22 in the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee in our case became blind by 7 years old, making social life with other chimpanzees difficult, but opportunities to interact with other conspecific individuals have been offered routinely. We believe that providing her with the best care over the course of her life will be essential.
authors.affiliation: Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan. hirata.satoshi.8z@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-6270
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.affiliation: Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan.
authors.forename: Naruki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morimura
authors.affiliation: Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Udono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000209:etiology; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics*; D014314:Trisomy
keywords: Atrial septal defect; Cataract; Chimpanzee; Chromosomal abnormality; Down syndrome; Trisomy