title: Experimental study on 1,25(OH)2D3amelioration of oral lichen planus through regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the protective function of vitamin D (VD)/vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the development of oral lichen planus (OLP) and elaborate the underling mechanism of it.
  
  
  METHODS
  H&E staining, myeloid peroxidase (MPO) assays, quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and Elisa were used to test the human biopsies and serum. QPCR, Western blotting, Elisa, and siRNA transfection were also performed in LPS-induced keratinocytes to observe the functions of vitamin D and VDR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lack of VDR in the diseased biopsies from OLP patients was associated with activated helper T-cell type 1 (Th1)-driven inflammatory response. Importantly, the status of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of OLP patients was reduced consistently. In a cultured cell model, 1,25(OH)2D3could downregulate excessive production of pro-inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in keratinocyte HaCat cells. Mechanistically, even though LPS-induced cytokines in keratinocytes were inhibited both by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor and by activator protein 1 (AP-1) inhibitor, VDR-dependent 1,25(OH)2D3blocked the activation of phosphorylated-NF-κB p65 rather than c-Jun/c-Fos in the presence of LPS stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3plays an anti-inflammatory role in OLP by mediating NF-κB signaling pathway but not AP-1 signaling pathway with a VDR-dependent manner, predicting vitamin D supplement may be a potential strategy for the OLP management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-0225
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018417:Th1 Cells; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol
keywords: AP-1; NF-κB; Th1; oral lichen planus; vitamin D