title: Influence of toll-like receptor 4 gene variants and plasma fatty acid profile on systemic inflammation: A population-based cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and plasma fatty acid (FA) profile in modulating risk for systemic inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 262 adult (19-59 y) participants of the Health Survey of São Paulo met the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, plasma inflammatory biomarker concentration, and fatty acid profile were measured and four SNPs of the TLR4 gene (rs4986790, rs4986791, rs11536889, and rs5030728) were genotyped. Multivariate cluster analysis was performed to stratify individuals based on levels of 11 plasma inflammatory biomarkers into two groups: inflammatory (INF) and noninflammatory (NINF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association was found between any of the SNPs studied and systemic inflammation. The INF cluster had higher palmitic acid levels (P = 0.039) and estimated stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase activity (P = 0.045) and lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (P = 0.011), ω-6 fatty acid (P = 0.018), arachidonic acid (P = 0.002) levels, and estimated δ-5 desaturase activity (P = 0.025) compared with the NINF cluster. Statistically significant interaction between rs11536889 and arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) ratio (P = 0.034) was found to increase the odds of belonging to the INF cluster when individuals had the variant allele C and were at the higher percentile of AA/EPA plasma ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma fatty acid profile modulated the odds of belonging to the INF cluster depending on genotypes of TRL4 gene polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Maintinguer
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Norde
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio A F
authors.initials: AAF
authors.lastname: Carioca
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Inar A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M P
authors.initials: JMP
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirce M L
authors.initials: DML
authors.lastname: Marchioni
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: Mmrogero@usp.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rogero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000097:blood; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014280:Triglycerides; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase