title: Validating Fall Prevention Icons to Support Patient-Centered Education.
abstract: Falls with injury are the most prevalent hospital adverse event. The objective of this project was to refine fall risk and prevention icons for a patient-centric bedside toolkit to promote patient and nurse engagement in accurately assessing fall risks and developing a tailored fall prevention plan.
  
  
  
  Eighty-eight patients and 60 nurses from 2 academic medical centers participated in 4 iterations of testing to refine 6 fall risk and 10 fall prevention icons. During individual interviews, participants rated their satisfaction with the degree to which that icon represented the concept on a 4-point Likert scale, enabling computation of a Content Validity Index (CVI), and provided comments and suggestions for improvement. After reviewing CVI scores and feedback, the research team consulted with the illustrator to revise the icons.
  
  
  
  Content Validity Index scores improved after icon modifications. Icons that depicted multiple concepts required further iterations to be acceptable.
  
  
  
  Using icons to depict an accurate and easy-to-interpret fall risk assessment and intervention plan for all care team members including patients and family to follow should lead to improved adherence with that plan and decreased falls.
  
  
  
  All 16 icons were refined and used to form the basis for a bedside fall prevention toolkit.
authors.affiliation: From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Wai Yin
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adelman
authors.affiliation: From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Businger
authors.affiliation: John S. Dykes Illustration, Sudbury, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Systems Engineering Institute at Northeastern University, Boston.
authors.forename: Awatef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ergai
authors.affiliation: From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Systems Engineering Institute at Northeastern University, Boston.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Katsulis
authors.affiliation: From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scanlan
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schenkel
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Amisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dykes
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D018802:Patient-Centered Care