title: Introduction of liquid-based cytology and human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening in Luxembourg.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2014, liquid-based cytology with HPV triage replaced conventional cytology. The aim of our study was to compare conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC), estimate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and high risk HPV (hrHPV) infection and their correlation, among screened women in Luxembourg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between the first January 2013 and 31st December 2015, 315,868 cervical samples from 150,815 women (mean age 42.2 years) were investigated by the national cytology laboratory. Slides were prepared and screened according to European Guidelines. All cytological results were classified according to the Bethesda 2001 system terminology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions was as follows: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 1.3%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 1.9%; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 0.4%. The detection rate of cytological lesions was significantly higher with LBC than with conventional cytology. Based on 11,838 samples with concomitant cytology and HPV testing, hrHPV was detected in 9.5, 45.3, 70.0, and 92.6% of women with negative cytology, ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More cervical lesions were identified using LBC compared to conventional cytology. HrHPV infection was correlated with the severity of intraepithelial lesions. The current findings provide important information to evaluate the prevention of cervical cancer in Luxembourg and for monitoring the future impact of HPV vaccination. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:384-390. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ardashel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-3081
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latsuzbaia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Gaëtan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hebette
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arbyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weyers
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vielh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mossong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D065309:Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D003127:Colposcopy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008189:Luxembourg / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D065310:Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Aptima HPV assay; HPV; cervical cancer screening; cytology; liquid-based cytology