title: Role of the Freight Sector in Future Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios.
abstract: The freight sector's role is examined using the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) for a range of climate change mitigation scenarios and future freight demand assumptions. Energy usage and CO2emissions from freight have historically grown with a correlation to GDP, and there is limited evidence of near-term global decoupling of freight demand from GDP. Over the 21stcentury, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from freight are projected to grow faster than passenger transportation or other major end-use sectors, with the magnitude of growth dependent on the assumed extent of long-term decoupling. In climate change mitigation scenarios that apply a price to GHG emissions, mitigation of freight emissions (including the effects of demand elasticity, mode and technology shifting, and fuel substitution) is more limited than for other demand sectors. In such scenarios, shifting to less-emitting transportation modes and technologies is projected to play a relatively small role in reducing freight emissions in GCAM. By contrast, changes in the supply chain of liquid fuels that reduce the fuel carbon intensity, especially deriving from large-scale use of biofuels coupled to carbon capture and storage technologies, are responsible for the majority of freight emissions mitigation, followed by price-induced reduction in freight demand services.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.|National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1688-6742
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
authors.forename: Page
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Link
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company , Corporate Strategic Research, 1545 U.S. 22, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States.
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mignone
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company , Corporate Strategic Research, 1545 U.S. 22, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States.
authors.forename: Haroon S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kheshgi
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D057231:Climate Change; D005544:Forecasting; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D014186:Transportation
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D002245:Carbon Dioxide