title: Gfh factors and NusA cooperate to stimulate transcriptional pausing and termination.
abstract: Lineage-specific Gfh factors from the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, which bind within the secondary channel of RNA polymerase, stimulate transcriptional pausing at a wide range of pause signals (elemental, hairpin-dependent, post-translocated, backtracking-dependent, and consensus pauses) and increase intrinsic termination. Universal bacterial factor NusA, which binds near the RNA exit channel, enhances the effects of Gfh factors on termination and hairpin-dependent pausing but do not act on other pause sites. It is proposed that NusA and Gfh target different steps in the pausing pathway and may act together to regulate transcription under stress conditions. Thus, transcription factors that interact with nascent RNA in the RNA exit channel can communicate with secondary channel regulators to modulate RNA polymerase activities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.|Department of Molecular Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Aleksei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agapov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.|Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esyunina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.|Department of Molecular Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulbachinskiy
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D034301:Deinococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D014157:Transcription Factors; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; D008345:Manganese; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: 
  Deinococcus radiodurans
  ; Gfh factors; NusA; RNA polymerase; intrinsic termination; transcriptional pausing