title: The Loricrin-Like Protein (LLP) ofPhytophthora infestansIs Required for Oospore Formation and Plant Infection.
abstract: Loricrin-like protein (LLP) is characterized by a high content of glycine residues and is a major component of plant cell wall. Here, we identified aPhytophthora infestansortholog of plantLLP, namedPiLLP. InP. infestans, PiLLPis strongly expressed in asexual and sexual developmental stages, including in sporangia, zoospores and germinating cysts, and during oospore formation, as well as in the early stages of infection and during hydrogen peroxide stress. Compared with the wild type, thePiLLP-silenced transformants were defective in oospore formation, had slower colony expansion rates, produced less sporangia with lower germination and zoospore-release rates, and were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Nile red staining, andPiLLP-red fluorescent protein fusions indicated that PiLLP is involved in oogonia formation. The silenced transformants also had severely diminished virulence levels that could be partially restored with diphenyleneiodium treatments. The analysis of catalase activity showed a decrease of catalase activity in silenced transformants. Thus,PiLLPis important for sexual and asexual reproduction, and is required for oxidative stress tolerance and plant infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology MOA, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology MOA, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology MOA, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology MOA, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenxian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology MOA, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Guo
keywords: DPI; Phytophthora infestans; oxidative stress; pathogenicity; reactive oxygen species; sexual reproduction