title: Multigenerational effects and DNA alterations of QDs-Indolicidin on Daphnia magna.
abstract: The complex QDs-Indolicidin (QDs-Ind) has been previously shown to be a good antimicrobial system with a low acute toxicity on Daphnia magna (D. magna). However, multigenerational effects caused by exposure to QDs-Ind and after subsequent recovery are still unknown. In this study, we performed multigenerational exposure tests and we evaluated individual fitness, population growth, DNA alteration, expression of Dhb (haemoglobin), Vtg (vitellogenin), CYP4 (cytochrome P450s CYP4 family), and CYP314 (cytochrome P450s mitochondrial family 314) genes on three generation of D. magna. Results showed that the total amount of eggs produced per female and total number of brood per female and body lengths were significantly decreased, Dhb, CYP4 were upregulated while Vtg was down-regulated except at reproduction days when it was slightly up-regulated under QDs-Ind exposure. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method has proven to be useful to qualitative assess of DNA damage during generation and to underline modification in somatic or germinal cells. The results of the study suggest that effects of chronic exposure cannot be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: valeria.maselli@unina.it.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maselli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: antosiciliano@outlook.it.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siciliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: antonella.giorgio@unina.it.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giorgio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: annarita.falanga@unina.it.
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: stefania.galdiero@unina.it.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galdiero
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: marco.guida@unina.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: fulgione@unina.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulgione
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: egaldier@unina.it.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galdiero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000633:toxicity*; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C073143:indolicidin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: Antimicrobial peptide; DNA alterations; Daphnia magna; Gene expression; Multigenerational effect