title: Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL).
abstract: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is starting to appear in molluscs from the European waters and is a hazard to seafood consumers. This toxin blocks sodium channels resulting in neuromuscular paralysis and even death. As a part of the risk assessment process leading to a safe seafood level for TTX, oral toxicity data are required. In this study, a 4-level Up and Down Procedure was designed in order to determine for the first time the oral lethal dose 50 (LD50) and the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in mice by using an accurate well-characterized TTX standard.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain. paula.abal@usc.es.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abal
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain. mcarmen.louzao@usc.es.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Louzao
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, Lugo 27001, Spain. alvaro@cifga.es.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antelo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, Lugo 27001, Spain. mercedes@cifga.es.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio CIFGA S.A., Plaza Santo Domingo 20-5°, Lugo 27001, Spain. evacagide@cifga.es.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cagide
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain. natalia.vilarino@usc.es.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vilariño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain. mmercedes.rodriguez@usc.es.
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vieytes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain. luis.botana@usc.es.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Botana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013779:Tetrodotoxin
keywords: European molluscs; No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL); acute oral toxicity; lethal dose 50 (LD50); risk assessment; tetrodotoxin