title: Evaluation of bone mineral density among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in South Karnataka.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is one of the world's biggest health problems and the disease affects almost all organ systems. The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been controversial. Early identification of reduction in bone mass in a diabetic patient may be helpful in preventing the bone loss and future fracture risks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to study the effect of T2DM on BMD among patients in South Karnataka.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients between 40 and 70 years of age which included 75 diabetic and 75 nondiabetic subjects. BMD was measured using qualitative ultrasound and the data were compared among age-matched subjects of both the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student'st-test and test of equality of proportions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed in bone density of both the groups. On further analyzing the data, incidence of osteoporosis was higher among diabetic subjects, whereas incidence of osteopenia was higher among nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although significant difference in bone mineral density was not observed in both the groups, the incidence of osteoporosis was higher among type 2 diabetics. Hence, all type 2 diabetics should be evaluated for the risk of osteoporosis and should be offered appropriate preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Athulya G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Asokan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaganathan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Rino Roopak
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Soman
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Shibu Thomas
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Fawaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pullishery
keywords: Bone mineral density; osteoporosis; qualitative ultrasound; type 2 diabetes