title: Association of tumor necrosis factor-α -308 G/A gene polymorphism with coronary artery diseases: An evidence-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and remains a major health problem, providing the rationale for identification of molecular markers for detection of individuals at high risk of developing CAD. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CAD. We have therefore explored the association of TNF-α 308 (G/A) gene polymorphism in 903 individuals with/without CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  TNF-α 308 gene polymorphism was analyzed in 903 subjects of whom 222 were healthy controls. Among the 681 patients who were investigated angiographically, 468 had ≧50% stenosis and 213 patients had <50% stenosis. Biochemical profiles (eg, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and CRP) were evaluated. Associations between TNF-α genotypes with biochemical and anthropometric characteristics were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of TNF-α-AA or AG genotypes were significantly lower in patients classified as CAD patients with ≥ or <50% obstruction in at least one coronary artery, compared to the control group. We observed that CAD patients with ≥50% stenosis and with AA genotype were associated with higher risk of CAD with OR of 3.56 (95%CI: 1.02-12.41; P=.046) using multivariate analysis. Moreover, we found that TNF-α-308-AA genotype was associated with blood pressure and CRP level in CAD patients, compared to the wild type-genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed an association of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism with CAD patients with ≥50% obstruction, supporting the need for further investigations on the role of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamialahmadi
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mirhafez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mohiti
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirhoushiaran
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Nedasadat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasdar
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4968-0962
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour-Mobarhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: coronary artery disease; genotype; tumor necrosis factor-α