title: Anesthetic Management for Percutaneous Minimally Invasive Fetoscopic Surgery of Spina Bifida Aperta: A Retrospective, Descriptive Report of Clinical Experience.
abstract: Minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery for spina bifida aperta is a new therapeutic approach to preserve neurologic function by protecting exposed neural tissue. The anesthetic management is of paramount importance for the success of the procedure. Therefore, our protocol was developed with particular attention to safe and adequate maternal and fetal anesthesia, sufficient uterine relaxation as well as prevention of pulmonary edema, placental abruption, and spontaneous labor. As illustrated by this retrospective analysis of 61 cases, these goals can be reliably achieved. The clinical protocol is presented as a supplemental digital content to this manuscript (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/AA/B733).
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; †Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; ‡Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and §German Center for Fetal Surgery & Minimally Invasive Therapy (DZFT), University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arens
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: Robert Steven
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lichtenstern
authors.forename: Markus Alexander
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weigand
authors.forename: Anastasiia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khaleeva
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuerg
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000777:Anesthetics; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016137:Spina Bifida Cystica / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics