title: Spinosad induces autophagy of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells and the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
abstract: Spinosad, a high-selectivity neural toxin, has been widely used in agricultural production. However, the mode of action of spinosad on insect non-neural cells is not yet clear and hence requires further investigation. Therefore, to reveal the cytotoxic mechanisms of spinosad, we investigated whether and how it can induce autophagic cell death. After treating Sf9 cells with spinosad, the resulting autophagosome was observed by transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine staining. Interestingly, spinosad induced the accumulation of Beclin-1, degradation of p62, and intensification of LC3-B formation and translocation and thus autophagy, whereas, 3-MA treatment reverted the phenotype. Under ATP depletion conditions, spinosad induced autophagy of Sf9 cells and activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Youwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China.
authors.forename: Jufang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China. Electronic address: taolm@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071186:Beclin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061987:Sf9 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018411:Spodoptera; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000071186:Beclin-1; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019476:Insect Proteins; D018942:Macrolides; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C415329:spinosad
keywords: AMPK; Autophagy; Sf9 cells; Spinosad; mTOR