title: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study Glycolytic Metabolism During Autophagy.
abstract: Cancer cells undergoing starvation- and treatment-induced autophagy were found to exhibit reduced intracellular lactate, reduced rates of steady-state lactate excretion and reduced real-time pyruvate-lactate exchange rates, indicating that glycolytic metabolism was altered in autophagic cells. In this chapter, we describe the technical details of the use of1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure endogenous cellular concentrations of lactate and glucose in autophagic cells and tissues, how to measure the rate of steady-state lactate excretion and glucose uptake by1H-MRS in autophagic cells, and details of the real-time measurement of [1-13C] pyruvate to lactate exchange in autophagic cells by13C-MRS-DNP (dynamic nuclear polarization).
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ylichung@icr.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Eykyn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Autophagy; Dynamic nuclear polarization; Glucose; Glycolysis; Lactate; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Pyruvate–lactate exchange