title: Endothelial Glycocalyx as Biomarker for Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanistic and Clinical Implications.
abstract: The endothelial surface layer is covered with abundant proteoglycans, of which syndecans and glycosaminoglycans are major constituents.
  
  
  
  Among the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) constituents, syndecan-1 (sdc1) is a main component, and an elevated serum level of sdc1 may indicate the degradation of eGC. In patients with ischemic heart disease or heart failure, elevation of serum sdc1 has been associated with worsening cardiac and renal function; however, the causal relationship between degradation of eGC and clinical outcomes is unclear. Herein, we review the previous literature on eGC in cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases and their clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.|Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nijst
authors.affiliation: , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.affiliation: , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. tangw@ccf.org.
authors.forename: W H Wilson
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry*; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053668:Syndecan-1
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Endothelial glycocalyx; Syndecan-1 (sdc1)