title: Measles virus infection of human keratinocytes: Possible link between measles and atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measles virus (MV) infection is marked with a skin rash in the acute phase of the disease, which pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Moreover, the association between measles and progression of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), is still elusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have thus analysed the susceptibility of human keratinocytes to MV infection and explore the potential relationship between MV vaccination and the pathogenesis the AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed immunovirological characterisation of MV infection in human keratinocytes and then tested the effect of live attenuated measles vaccine on the progression of AD in adult patients, in a prospective, double-blind study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that both human primary keratinocytes and the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT express MV receptors and could be infected by MV. The infection significantly modulated the expression of several keratinocyte-produced cytokines, known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory allergic diseases, including AD. We then analysed the relationship between exposure to MV by vaccination and the progression of AD in 20 adults during six weeks. We found a significant decrease in CCL26 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA in biopsies from acute lesions of vaccinated patients, suggesting MV-induced modulation of skin cytokine expression. Clinical analysis revealed a transient improvement of SCORAD index in vaccinated compared to placebo-treated patients, two weeks after vaccination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether, these results clearly demonstrate that keratinocytes are susceptible to MV infection, which could consequently modulate their cytokine production, resulting with a beneficial effect in the progression of AD. This study provides thus a proof of concept for the vaccination therapy in AD and may open new avenues for the development of novel strategies in the treatment of this allergic disease.
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gourru-Lesimple
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thevenet
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guillaume-Vasselin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Cindy G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomczak
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Louis-Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bloyet
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, INSERM CIC1407, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.affiliation: Departement of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, INSERM CIC1407, Lyon, France; Departement of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goujon
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, INSERM CIC1407, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornu
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Centre for Infectiology Research (Immunobiology of Viral Infections team), Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France. Electronic address: branka.horvat@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horvat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002460:Cell Line; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology*; D008459:Measles virus; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination; D014709:Vero Cells; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: C120429:CCL26 protein, human; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Cytokines; Immune response; Keratinocytes; Measles virus; Vaccination