title: Relationship between the degree and direction of nasal septum deviation and nasal bone morphology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal septal deviation may affect nasal bone growth and facial morphology. Knowledge of nasal morphologic parameters may plays an important role in planning successful rhinoplasty and septoplasty operation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the direction and degree of nasal septal deviation with nasal bone morphology, along with factors such as age and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) of 250 patients with nasal septal deviation was analyzed retrospectively in this study. We excluded patients with factors that could affect their nasal bone morphology, and a total of 203 patients (111 males, 92 females; mean age, 36.23 years; age range, 18-79 years) were evaluated. The nasal deviation angle was measured on coronal CT images as the angle between the most deviated point of the septum, and the midline nasal morphology was determined by measuring nasal length, internasal angle and lateral and intermediate nasal thickness on both sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The deviation of nasal septum has been detected as to the right in 107 patients (52.7%) and to the left in 96 patients (47.3%). Lateral and intermediate nasal bone thickness and nasal bone length were significantly greater on the ipsilateral deviation side (Table 3). No significant correlation was found between the variation of the nasal deviation angle and nasal bone morphology (Table 4). There were significant differences between the sexes for all investigated parameters except for the nasal deviation angle (p = 0.660). We found that the only internasal angle increases with aging (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that the direction of nasal septal deviation may be a factor that affects nasal bone morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. driserif@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-739X
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Serifoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim İlker
authors.initials: İİ
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Cagtay
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Buyukuysal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alptekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Tokgöz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Nasal bone; Nasal septum; Rhinoplasty; Septoplasty