title: Insight into the orientational versatility of steroid substrates-a docking and molecular dynamics study of a steroid receptor and steroid monooxygenase.
abstract: Numerous steroids are essential plant, animal, and human hormones. The medical and industrial applications of these hormones require the identification of new synthetic routes, including biotransformations. The metabolic fate of a steroid can be complicated; it may be transformed into a variety of substituted derivatives. This may be because a steroid molecule can adopt several possible orientations in the binding pocket of a receptor or an enzyme. The present study, based on docking and molecular dynamics, shows that it is indeed possible for a steroid molecule to bind to a receptor binding site in two or more orientations (normal, head-to-tail reversed, upside down). Three steroids were considered: progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone. Two proteins were employed as hosts: the human mineralocorticoid receptor and a bacterial Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase. When the steroids were in nonstandard orientations, the estimated binding strength was found to be only moderately diminished and the network of hydrogen bonds between the steroid and the host was preserved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panek
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Świzdor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milecka-Tronina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland. jaroslaw.panek@chem.uni.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Jarosław J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Panek
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D011374:Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000737:chemistry; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; C002914:7-oxodehydroepiandrosterone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases
keywords: Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase; DHEA; Molecular docking; Molecular dynamics; Progesterone; Steroids