title: Vitamin D supplementation improves simvastatin-mediated decline in exercise performance: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on simvastatin-mediated changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content after exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitamin D-deficient T2DM patients aged 25-50 years performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks and were randomized to receive simvastatin 40 mg daily, simvastatin 40 mg daily plus vitamin D 60 000 units once weekly, or vitamin D 60 000 units once weekly. The primary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption) and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content (citrate synthase activity in the vastus lateralis) following simvastatin and/or vitamin D replacement therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients completed the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness decreased by 8.4% (P < 0.05) following 12 weeks of simvastatin therapy. Vitamin D supplementation blunted the decline in cardiorespiratory fitness to 0.6% (P < 0.05 for between-group difference in change from baseline). Similarly, skeletal muscle mitochondrial content decreased by 3.6% with simvastatin, but improved by 12.1% on supplementation with vitamin D, although the between-group difference was not significant. Vitamin D alone increased cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial content by 7.1% (P < 0.05) and 16.7%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simvastatin tends to cause deterioration in exercise-associated cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in adults with T2DM, which is blunted by vitamin D supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ashu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ashutosh N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Owais M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Darshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Badal
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D063806:Myalgia / Q000139:chemically induced; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness; exercise; simvastatin; vitamin D; 心肺健康; 维生素D; 辛伐他汀; 运动