title: TSC1 and TSC2 gene mutations and their implications for treatment in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: a review.
abstract: Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by skin manifestations and formation of multiple tumors in different organs, mainly in the central nervous system. Tuberous sclerosis is caused by the mutation of one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. Currently, the development of novel techniques and great advances in high-throughput genetic analysis made mutation screening of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes more widely available. Extensive studies of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in patients with TSC worldwide have revealed a wide spectrum of mutations. Consequently, the discovery of the underlying genetic defects in TSC has furthered our understanding of this complex genetic disorder, and genotype-phenotype correlations are becoming possible, although there are still only a few clearly established correlations. This review focuses on the main symptoms and genetic alterations described in TSC patients from 13 countries in three continents, as well as on genotype-phenotype correlations established to date. The determination of genotype-phenotype correlations may contribute to the establishment of successful personalized treatment for TSC.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clévia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosset
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Brinckmann Oliveira
authors.initials: CBO
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashton-Prolla