title: Trifolium pratenseandT. repens(Leguminosae): Edible Flower Extracts as Functional Ingredients.
abstract: Trifolium pratense(red clover) andT. repens(white clover) edible flowers were investigated for their chemical profile and health properties. The total phenols and flavonoids contents were evaluated. Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, rutin, and myricetin were used as markers and quantified by HPLC. The antioxidant effects were investigated by using differentin vitroassays. Moreover, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities were evaluated.T. repensflowers extract showed a good radical scavenging activity in both DPPH and ABTS tests with IC50values of 10.3 and 21.4 μg/mL, respectively. White clover extract demonstrated promising α-amylase and lipase inhibitory activities with IC50values of 25.0 and 1.3 μg/mL, respectively. The obtained results support the use ofTrifoliumflowers as healthy food ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. rosa.tundis@unical.it.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tundis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. mariangela.marrelli@unical.it.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. filomena.conforti@unical.it.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. mary.tn2006@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Maria Concetta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tenuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. marco.bonesi@unical.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. francesco.menichini@unical.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menichini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy. monica_rosa.loizzo@unical.it.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loizzo
keywords: Trifolium; antioxidant activity; clover; flavonoids; lipase; α-amylase; α-glucosidase