title: Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Device Closure: Choosing Between Amplatzer Duct Occluder I and II.
abstract: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSDs) is a well-established procedure. Recently, Amplatzer duct occluders (ADO) I and II have been reported to close large series of pmVSDs successfully (off-label use). ADOs are economical compared with the standard Amplatzer VSD occluders, a major consideration in developing countries with low-budget programs. We report closure of symptomatic, hemodynamically significant pmVSDs using the ADOI and ADOII devices. Although there are no set criteria for choosing between ADOI and ADOII, the former's price tag includes snare and long sheath. Thus, we aim to predetermine device usage based on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings. Between March 2013 and November 2014, 30 patients had transcatheter closure of pmVSDs using the ADO devices. The median age was 4 years (range 1.1-13 years) and median weight was 15 kg (range 6.5-85 kg). ADOII could not be used in VSDs larger than 6 mm and/or with a large aneurysm. The median VSD size as assessed by echocardiography was 5.5 mm while the mean was 5.5 mm (range 3-12 mm); while by angiography it was 5 mm & the mean was 4.75 mm (range 3-9 mm). The median fluoroscopy time (FT) was 8 min (range 5-38 min). We inserted ADOI in 13 patients and ADOII in 17 patients (no significant difference between median age and weight in each group). VSD size was significantly larger and FT was longer in ADOI patients; the device type matched what was decided from TTE data in 84% of cases. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 24 months (median 12 months). The mean LVEDD z-score of the patients was 1.1 before VSD closure, while it was 0.63, 0.35, and 0.23 at the 1-, 3 months, and last follow-up, respectively. Complete closure rates immediately, at 24 h, and at last follow-up were 87, 90, and 94% respectively. No patient developed heart block or any other complication. ADOI and ADOII are equally safe and effective in pmVSD closure. ADOII use, although cheaper than ADOI, is limited to smaller VSDs. The choice between ADOI and ADOII can be decided by TTE prior to procedure which is convenient in low economic programs.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University Children Hospital (Abou El Reesh Japanese Hospital), Aly Ibrahim Street, Giza, Egypt. elsisi96@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-8090
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Sisi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University Children Hospital (Abou El Reesh Japanese Hospital), Aly Ibrahim Street, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sobhy
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jaccoub
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University Children Hospital (Abou El Reesh Japanese Hospital), Aly Ibrahim Street, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design / Q000592:standards*; D055989:Septal Occluder Device / Q000145:classification*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: ADO1; ADO2; Device closure; Ventricular septal defect