title: Progranulin and Its Related MicroRNAs after Status Epilepticus: Possible Mechanisms of Neuroprotection.
abstract: The current knowledge about neuroprotective mechanisms in humans after status epilepticus is scarce. One reason is the difficulty to measure possible mediators of these neuroprotective mechanisms. The dawn of microRNA detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the recent advancements in measuring proteins in the CSF such as progranulin, which is, e.g., responsible for neurite outgrowth and limiting exceeding neuroinflammatory responses, have given us new insights into putative neuroprotective mechanisms following status epilepticus. This should complement the animal data. In this review, we cover what is known about the role of progranulin as well as the links between microRNA changes and the progranulin pathway following status epilepticus in humans and animals hypothesizing neuroprotective and neurorehabilitative effects. Progranulin has also been found to feature prominently in the neuroprotective processes under hypoxic conditions and initiating neurorehabilitative processes. These properties may be used therapeutically, e.g., through drugs that raise the progranulin levels and therefore the cerebral progranulin levels as well with the goal of improving the outcome after status epilepticus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39210 Magdeburg, Germany. peter.koertvelyessy@med.ovgu.de.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. peter.koertvelyessy@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Körtvelyessy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39210 Magdeburg, Germany. Tessa.huchtemann@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huchtemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39210 Magdeburg, Germany. Hans-Jochen.heinze@med.ovgu.de.|Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany. Hans-Jochen.heinze@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Hans-Jochen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39210 Magdeburg, Germany. daniel.bittner@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bittner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000235:genetics*; D000077153:Progranulins; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D000077153:Progranulins
keywords: epilepsy; neuroprotection; neurorehabilitation; progranulin; status epilepticus