title: Use of Ultrasound in Pediatric Renal Stone Diagnosis and Surgery.
abstract: Pediatric urolithiasis is on the rise globally and incidence rates have risen by 6-10% annually over the past couple of decades. Given the increasing incidence, high likelihood of recurrence, and long life expectancy of children, the use of ionizing radiation in the diagnosis, management, and follow up of pediatric urolithiasis has been scrutinized recently and many institutions and organizations have emphasized the use of non-ionizing imaging modality such as ultrasound. This review examines the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric urolithiasis. Specifically, the role of ultrasound in shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and, more recently, ureteroscopy will be examined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3rd Floor, Wood Building, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3rd Floor, Wood Building, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawal
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3rd Floor, Wood Building, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Van Batavia
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3rd Floor, Wood Building, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. SrinivasanA3@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Pediatric urolithiasis; Renal stones; Ultrasound