title: Internal nitrogen removal from sediments by the hybrid system of microbial fuel cells and submerged aquatic plants.
abstract: Sediment internal nitrogen release is a significant pollution source in the overlying water of aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to remove internal nitrogen in sediment-water microcosms by coupling sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) with submerged aquatic plants. Twelve tanks including four treatments in triplicates were designed: open-circuit (SMFC-o), closed-circuit (SMFC-c), aquatic plants with open-circuit (P-SMFC-o) and aquatic plants with closed-circuit (P-SMFC-c). The changes in the bio-electrochemical characteristics of the nitrogen levels in overlying water, pore water, sediments, and aquatic plants were documented to explain the migration and transformation pathways of internal nitrogen. The results showed that both electrogenesis and aquatic plants could facilitate the mineralization of organic nitrogen in sediments. In SMFC, electrogenesis promoted the release of ammonium from the pore water, followed by the accumulation of ammonium and nitrate in the overlying water. The increased redox potential of sediments due to electrogenesis also contributed to higher levels of nitrate in overlying water when nitrification in pore water was facilitated and denitrification at the sediment-water interface was inhibited. When the aquatic plants were introduced into the closed-circuit SMFC, the internal ammonium assimilation by aquatic plants was advanced by electrogenesis; nitrification in pore water and denitrification in sediments were also promoted. These processes might result in the maximum decrease of internal nitrogen with low nitrogen levels in the overlying water despite the lower power production. The P-SMFC-c reduced 8.1%, 16.2%, 24.7%, and 25.3% of internal total nitrogen compared to SMFC-o on the 55th, 82th, 136th, and 190th days, respectively. The smaller number of Nitrospira and the larger number of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on the anodes via high throughput sequencing may account for strong mineralization and denitrification in the sediments under closed-circuit. The coupled P-SMFC system has shown good potential for the efficient removal of internal nitrogen.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: En-Rong
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Bi-Yun
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009566:Nitrates; D014867:Water; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen