title: Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues via Dietary Intake of Market Vegetables from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
abstract: The present study was designed to assess the health risk of pesticide residues via dietary intake of vegetables collected from four top agro-based markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh. High performance liquid chromatography with a photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was used to determine six organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, parathion, ethion, acephate, fenthion), two carbamate (carbaryl and carbofuran) and one pyrethroid (cypermethrin) pesticide residues in twelve samples of three common vegetables (tomato, lady's finger and brinjal). Pesticide residues ranged from below detectable limit (<0.01) to 0.36 mg/kg. Acephate, chlorpyrifos, ethion, carbaryl and cypermethrin were detected in only one sample, while co-occurrence occurred twice for fenitrothion and parathion. Apart from chlorpyrifos in tomato and cypermethrin in brinjal, all pesticide residues exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Hazard risk index (HRI) for ethion (10.12) and carbaryl (1.09) was found in lady's finger and tomato, respectively. Rest of the pesticide residues were classified as not a health risk. A continuous monitoring and strict regulation should be enforced regarding control of pesticide residues in vegetables and other food commodities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. shakhaoat.env.ju@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Md Shakhaoat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7703, Bangladesh. alamgirhossain8585@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Md Alamgir
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. mrahman5488@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Md Abdur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. mmislam778@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Md Mainul
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7703, Bangladesh. arahman@bijoy.net.
authors.forename: Md Atiqur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. 21193926@student.uwa.edu.au.|Department of Environmental Science, Z. H. Sikder University of Science & Technology, Bhedergonj, Shariatpur 8024, Bangladesh. 21193926@student.uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tanveer Mehedi
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Adyel
keywords: HPLC-PDA; HRI; food safety; health hazard; health risk; pesticide residues; vegetables