title: The importance of electrode position in visual electrophysiology.
abstract: The DTL fibre electrode is commonly used to record the electric potentials elicited by stimulation of the retina. Two positions are commonly used: it is placed either on the cornea along the lower lid or in the conjunctival fornix. The PERG and OPs have previously been examined and compared under both conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the ERG, flicker response and on-off responses with differing electrode positions.
  
  
  
  Before recruitment, all subjects underwent an ophthalmological examination. We enrolled 13 normal control subjects into the study aged 13-64 years, all with a visual acuity of ≥1.0. We recorded scotopic and photopic ERGs, flicker and on-off responses, for both electrode positions. On the first day, one eye had the electrode placed on the cornea along the lower lid and the other eye had it positioned in the conjunctival sac. On a second day, the recordings were repeated with the alternative electrode placements.
  
  
  
  ERG, on-off and flicker responses were all smaller by between 20 and 25% when the DTL electrode was positioned in the conjunctival sac, compared to when it was positioned on the cornea, as did the scatter in the data points. This indicates that there is no advantage clinically for one or the other placement.
  
  
  
  Our results confirm other reports examining the effect of electrode position on electrophysiological potentials. When recording with the DTL electrode, it is important to ensure that it is placed at the same position in repeat recordings or in multicentre trials and that it is stable and does not move during recording.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. anne.kurtenbach@uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-2039
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtenbach
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.|Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zrenner
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langrová
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: DTL electrode; Electrode position; Electroretinogram