title: Rapid urinary tract infection diagnostics by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): identification and antibiotic susceptibilities.
abstract: SERS spectra of 12 bacterial strains of urinary tract infection (UTI) clinical isolates grown and enriched from urine are reported. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification treatment of these SERS spectra results in strain level identification with >95% sensitivity and >99% specificity. The classification model successfully identified the SERS spectra of a urine-cultured strain not used to build this statistical model. Enrichment was accomplished by a filtration and centrifugation protocol. The predetermined drug susceptibility profiles of these clinical isolates thus allowed the SERS methodology to provide appropriate UTI antibiotic information in less than 1 h. Most of this time was used for sample preparation procedures (enrichment and washing) for this proof of principle study. SERS spectra of the enriched bacterial samples are dominated by nucleotide degradation metabolites: adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, guanine, uric acid, AMP, and guanosine. Strain-specific specificity is due to the different relative amounts of these purines contributing to the corresponding SERS spectra of these clinical isolates. All measurements were made at the minimal bacterial concentration in urine for UTI diagnosis (105cfu/mL). Graphical abstract The relative contribution of each of the seven purines found to contribute to the bacterial SERS spectra are summarized in this bar graph. Although strain specific differences are evident, it can be see how the pattern of contributing purines is more different between the four species than between strains of a given species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. ranjith@bu.edu.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Premasiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bandarage
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pyles
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. lziegler@bu.edu.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Bacteria; Diagnostics; SERS; Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; UTI; Urinary tract infections