title: Soya-cerebroside, an extract of Cordyceps militaris, suppresses monocyte migration and prevents cartilage degradation in inflammatory animal models.
abstract: Pathophysiological events that modulate the progression of structural changes in osteoarthritis (OA) include the secretion of inflammatory molecules, such as proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is the prototypical inflammatory cytokine that activates OA synovial cells to release cytokines and chemokines in support of the inflammatory response. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate migration and infiltration of monocytes in response to inflammation. We show in this study that IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and monocyte migration in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) is effectively inhibited by soya-cerebroside, an extract of Cordyceps militaris. We found that soya-cerebroside up-regulated of microRNA (miR)-432 expression via inhibiting AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in OASFs. Soya-cerebroside also effectively decreased monocyte infiltration and prevented cartilage degradation in a rat inflammatory model. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that soya-cerebroside inhibits monocyte/macrophage infiltration into synoviocytes, attenuating synovial inflammation and preventing cartilage damage by reducing MCP-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we suggest a novel therapeutic strategy based on the use of soya-cerebroside for the management of OA.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shan-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Te-Mao
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.|Center of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yang-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002554:Cerebrosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D032661:Cordyceps / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D002554:Cerebrosides; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; C582553:MIRN432 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs