title: The current status of hormonal therapies for heavy menstrual bleeding.
abstract: Hormonal treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), especially bleeding related to endometrial causes (AUB-E), ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) and coagulopathy (AUB-C), and to some extent, uterine leiomyomas and adenomyosis, has become the first-line evidence-based management strategy during recent years. Hormonal treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is also endorsed as the first line of treatment in several international guidelines. In the present article, we review the efficacy of the commonly used and widely available hormonal treatments of AUB-O, AUB-E and AUB-C. The therapies include combined hormonal contraceptives, progestin-only preparations, and intrauterine release of levonorgestrel through the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. In addition, we make practical recommendations for patient management. We also review some of the current guidelines and their recommendations concerning the treatment of HMB. Finally, the effects of hormonal treatment on the overall management of AUB and its effects on the health care system and specialist training are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Kätilöopisto Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 610, 00029-HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: oskari.heikinheimo@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Oskari
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heikinheimo
authors.affiliation: University of New South Wales, School of Women's and Children's Health, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D011372:Progestins; D016912:Levonorgestrel
keywords: estradiol-containing oral contraceptive; heavy menstrual bleeding; levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system; treatment guideline