title: Modeling Sex Differences in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Disease Progression Effects of Naproxen in Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis.
abstract: Naproxen (NPX) is a frequently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lack of quantitative information about the drug exposure-response relationship has resulted in empirical dosage regimens for use of NPX in RA. Few studies to date have included sex as a factor, although RA predominates in women. A pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and disease progression model described the anti-inflammatory effects of NPX in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) male and female rats. Three groups of rats were included for each sex: healthy animals, CIA controls, and CIA rats given a single 50-mg/kg dose of NPX intraperitoneally. Paw volumes of healthy rats indicated natural growth, and disease status was measured by paw edema. An innovative minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model incorporating nonlinear albumin binding of NPX in both plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) was applied. Arthritic rats exhibited lower plasma and ISF albumin concentrations and reduced clearances of unbound drug to explain pharmacokinetic profiles. The unbound ISF NPX concentrations predicted by the mPBPK model were used as the driving force for pharmacological effects of NPX. A logistic growth function accounting for natural paw growth and an indirect response model for paw edema and drug effects (inhibition ofkin) was applied. Female rats showed a higher incidence of CIA, earlier disease onset, and more severe symptoms. NPX had stronger effects in males, owing to higher unbound ISF NPX concentrations and lower IC50values. The model described the pharmacokinetics, unbound NPX in ISF, time course of anti-inflammatory effects, and sex differences in CIA rats.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (X.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (X.L., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (D.C.D., R.R.A.).
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (X.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (X.L., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (D.C.D., R.R.A.).
authors.forename: Debra C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (X.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (X.L., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (D.C.D., R.R.A.).
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Almon
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (X.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (X.L., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (D.C.D., R.R.A.) wjjusko@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jusko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009288:Naproxen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012709:Serum Albumin; D009288:Naproxen