title: Cross-education after high-frequency versus low-frequency volume-matched handgrip training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cross-education training programs cause interlimb asymmetry of strength and hypertrophy. We examined the cross-education effects from a high-frequency (HF) versus a low-frequency (LF) volume-matched handgrip training program on interlimb asymmetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right-handed participants completed either HF (n = 10; 2 × 6 repetitions 10 times per week) or LF (n = 9; 5 × 8 repetitions 3 times per week) training. Testing occurred twice before and once after 4 weeks of right-handed isometric handgrip training totaling 120 weekly repetitions. Measures were maximal isometric handgrip and wrist flexion torque, muscle thickness, and muscle activation (electromyography; EMG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grip strength was greater in both limbs posttraining, pooled across groups (P < 0.001). Trained limb muscle thickness increased in both groups (P < 0.05; untrained, P = 0.897). EMG and wrist flexion torque did not change (all P > 0.103).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both LF and HF induced cross-education of grip strength to the untrained limb, but HF did not reduce asymmetry. These findings have implications for injury rehabilitation. Muscle Nerve 56: 689-695, 2017.
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B2.
authors.forename: Natasha G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Boyes
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B2.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B2.
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lanovaz
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B2.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Farthing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cross education; grip strength; interlimb asymmetry; neuromuscular physiology; strength rehabilitation; strength training frequency