title: Sleep and Premenstrual Syndrome.
abstract: The etiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is unknown; it may be due to the normal effect of hormones during the menstrual cycle as it occurs in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.PMS affects women of childbearing age and remits with the onset of menstruation. The menstrual phase is known to influence stage 2 and REM sleep in women, irrespective of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Women with PMDD showed a decreased response to melatonin in their luteal phase as compared to the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. However, melatonin duration or timing of offset in the morning has not been reported to correlate with the mood. Rather, improvement in mood-related symptoms of PMDD has been found to be influenced by sleep deprivation, be it sleep restrictions in early or late night. Sleep disturbance and decreased melatonin secretions due to hormonal fluctuations during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle could explain the sleep complaints of PMDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Division of Health and Behavior, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jehan
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Division of Health and Behavior, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Auguste
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Division of Health and Behavior, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Mahjabeen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Somnogen Canada Inc., Canada.
authors.forename: Seithikurippu R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pandi-Perumal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Israel.
authors.forename: Amon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzezinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Hrayr
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Attarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Division of Health and Behavior, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Giradin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jean-Louis
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Samy I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: McFarlane
keywords: Follicular; Hormone; Insomnia; Luteal; Menstrual cycle; Ovulation; PMDD; PMS; Sleep; Women