title: Transbronchial and transesophageal fine-needle aspiration using a single ultrasound bronchoscope in the diagnosis of locoregional recurrence of surgically-treated lung cancer.
abstract: The present study sought to evaluate the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of locoregional recurrence of lung cancer in a cohort of lung cancer patients who were previously treated surgically, and describe our initial experience of EUS-B-FNA in this clinical scenario.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively studied the clinical records of all patients with a previous surgically-treated lung cancer who were referred to our bronchoscopy unit after suspicion of locoregional recurrence. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of locoregional recurrence were evaluated.
  
  
  
  Seventy-three patients were included. EBUS-TBNA confirmed malignancy in 40 patients: 34 confirmed to have locoregional recurrence, six had metachronous tumours. Of the 33 patients with non-malignant EBUS-TBNA; 2 had specific non-malignant diseases, 26 underwent radiological follow up and 5 patients underwent surgery. Of the 26 patients who had radiological follow up; 18 remained stable, three presented thoracic radiological progression and 5 presented extrathoracic progression. Of the 5 patients who underwent surgery; 3 had metachronous tumours, one confirmed to be a true negative and one presented nodal invasion. Seven patients underwent EUS-B-FNA, four of them confirmed to have recurrence. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and overall accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of locoregional recurrence were 80.9, 100, 69.2, 100 and 86.6% respectively.
  
  
  
  EBUS-TBNA is an accurate procedure for the diagnosis of locoregional recurrence of surgically-treated lung cancer. EUS-B-FNA combined with EBUS-TBNA broads the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA alone.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet S/N. 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. jsanzsantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8354-414X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz-Santos
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet S/N. 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.|Department de Medicina. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet S/N. 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreo
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet S/N. 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torky
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet S/N. 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centeno
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carcereny
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Reina
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet S/N. 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Manzano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Endobronchial Ultrasound; Endoscopic ultrasound; Fine needle aspiration; Lung cancer; Recurrence; Surgically-treated; Transbronchial needle aspiration