title: Using Prompted Voiding to Manage Urinary Incontinence in Nursing Homes: Can It Be Sustained?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies reporting prompted voiding (PV) interventions were of short duration and were delivered by research personnel rather than nursing home staff. This study examined the effectiveness of the use of PV by nursing home staff in managing urinary incontinence among residents over a 6-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five nursing homes in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 52 nursing home residents who had been admitted to the facility for at least 6 months prior to the initiation of the study and whose incontinence had been stable over the 6-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PV intervention was delivered by the staff for 6 months. All nursing home staff were trained to ensure that they would be able to correctly deliver the intervention before initiating the intervention. The control group received the usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were defined in terms of wet episodes per day, incontinence rate per day, self-initiated toileting per day, and total continent toileting per day. Data were collected at baseline, 3 months postintervention (T1), and 6 months postintervention (T2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between the two groups in wet episodes per day, incontinence rate per day, and total continent toileting per day at 6 months post-intervention, with positive results found in the intervention group. A decrease of 9.1% was observed in the incontinence rate of the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PV was shown to have positive effects, although the effects in this study were not as powerful as those found in overseas studies. The intervention delivered by staff was sustainable for a 6-month period. Nursing home operators should promote better continence care through PV, as it is a sustainable noninvasive behavioral intervention that can be mastered by staff with training.
authors.affiliation: Professor and Director, Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Cadenza Fellow, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, Hong Kong. Electronic address: claudia.lai@polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Claudia K Y
authors.initials: CKY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Prompted voiding; behavioral intervention; long-term care; urinary incontinence