title: Preclinical endoscopic training using a part-task simulator: learning curve assessment and determination of threshold score for advancement to clinical endoscopy.
abstract: Preclinical simulator training has the potential to decrease endoscopic procedure time and patient discomfort. This study aims to characterize the learning curve of endoscopic novices in a part-task simulator and propose a threshold score for advancement to initial clinical cases.
  
  
  
  Twenty novices with no prior endoscopic experience underwent repeated endoscopic simulator sessions using the part-task simulator. Simulator scores were collected; their inverse was averaged and fit to an exponential curve. The incremental improvement after each session was calculated. Plateau was defined as the session after which incremental improvement in simulator score model was less than 5%. Additionally, all participants filled out questionnaires regarding simulator experience after sessions 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20. A visual analog scale and NASA task load index were used to assess levels of comfort and demand.
  
  
  
  Twenty novices underwent 400 simulator sessions. Mean simulator scores at sessions 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 were 78.5 ± 5.95, 176.5 ± 17.7, 275.55 ± 23.56, 347 ± 26.49, and 441.11 ± 38.14. The best fit exponential model was [time/score] = 26.1 × [session #]-0.615; r2= 0.99. This corresponded to an incremental improvement in score of 35% after the first session, 22% after the second, 16% after the third and so on. Incremental improvement dropped below 5% after the 12th session corresponding to the predicted score of 265. Simulator training was related to higher comfort maneuvering an endoscope and increased readiness for supervised clinical endoscopy, both plateauing between sessions 10 and 15. Mental demand, physical demand, and frustration levels decreased with increased simulator training.
  
  
  
  Preclinical training using an endoscopic part-task simulator appears to increase comfort level and decrease mental and physical demand associated with endoscopy. Based on a rigorous model, we recommend that novices complete a minimum of 12 training sessions and obtain a simulator score of at least 265 to be best prepared for clinical endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Pichamol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jirapinyo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Wasif M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Abidi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsay
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.|VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Avlin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. cthompson@hms.harvard.edu.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. cthompson@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059032:Learning Curve; D008297:Male; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000592:standards; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Education; Endoscopy; FES; Simulator; Test; Training