title: Synthesis and Exploration of Ladder-Structured Large Aromatic Dianhydrides as Organic Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Compared to anode materials in Li-ion batteries, the research on cathode materials is far behind, and their capacities are much smaller. Thus, in order to address these issues, we believe that organic conjugated materials could be a solution. In this study, we synthesized two non-polymeric dianhydrides with large aromatic structures: NDA-4N (naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride with four nitrogen atoms) and PDA-4N (perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride with four nitrogen atoms). Their electrochemical properties have been investigated between 2.0 and 3.9 V (vs. Li+/Li). Benefiting from multi-electron reactions, NDA-4N and PDA-4N could reversibly achieve 79.7 % and 92.3 %, respectively, of their theoretical capacity. Further cycling reveals that the organic compound with a relatively larger aromatic building block could achieve a better stability, as an obvious 36.5 % improvement of the capacity retention was obtained when the backbone was switched from naphthalene to perylene. This study proposes an opportunity to attain promising small-molecule-based cathode materials through tailoring organic structures.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.|Temasek Laboratories @NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wangqiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zilong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kenneth Choo Wei
authors.initials: KCW
authors.lastname: Jie
authors.affiliation: Temasek Laboratories @NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.|Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Qichun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-8659
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: cathode materials; lithium-ion batteries; naphthalenedianhydride; organic cathodes; perylenedianhydride