title: Immune dysfunction and increased oxidative stress state in diet-induced obese mice are reverted by nutritional supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is associated with impaired immune defences and chronic low levels of inflammation and oxidation. In addition, this condition may lead to premature aging. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a nutritional supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on several functions and oxidative stress parameters in peritoneal immune cells of obese mice, as well as on the life span of these animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obesity was induced in adult female ICR/CD1 by the administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. During the last 6 weeks of HFD feeding, one group of obese mice received the same HFD, supplemented with 1500 mg of 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) and another with 3000 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Several functions and oxidative stress parameters of peritoneal leukocytes were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups of obese mice treated with 2-OHOA or with EPA and DHA showed a significant improvement in several functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, digestion capacity, Natural killer activity and lymphoproliferation in response to mitogens. All of these functions, which were decreased in obese mice, increased reaching similar levels to those found in non-obese controls. Both treatments also improved oxidative stress parameters such as xanthine oxidase activity, which decreased, catalase activity and glutathione levels, which increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that dietary supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be an effective nutritional intervention to restore the immune response and oxidative stress state, which are impaired in obese mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology II Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), José Antonio Novais Street, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hunsche
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology II Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), José Antonio Novais Street, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Oskarina
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais Street, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gheorghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais Street, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ligia Esperanza
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais Street, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ascensión
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology II Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), José Antonio Novais Street, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain. mondelaf@bio.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De la Fuente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D007107:Immune System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C483229:2-hydroxyoleic acid; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008934:Mitogens; D009829:Oleic Acids
keywords: Immune function; Monounsaturated fatty acids; Obese mice; Oxidative stress; n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids