title: Smart Carriers for Controlled Drug Delivery: Thermosensitive Polymers Embedded in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon.
abstract: An efficient drug delivery system was introduced. The carrier was synthesized by combination of an ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK3) and a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), known as PNIPAAm. The polymers with 2 different chain lengths (PNIPAAm-100n and PNIPAAm-400n) were synthesized and each of the polymers was embedded in CMK3 to form composite materials. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm and scanning electron microscopy of the samples showed a uniform embedding of PNIPAAm-100n but a nonuniform embedding of PNIPAAm-400n. The latter observation is attributed to large intramolecular interactions of PNIPAAm-400n and their aggregation on the external surface of the porous structure. Doxorubicin was used as the model drug and was loaded onto the samples. The ultimate loading capacities for the polymer-embedded samples were reduced. However, the loading rates and the release capacities were significantly improved. Thermosensitivity of the polymer was introduced as the governing drug release mechanism; regardless of the polymer chain length, drug release at 37°C was significantly higher than 4°C. Cytotoxicity results confirmed materials' biocompatibility for future biological tests. It is clearly shown that the properly synthesized composite of ordered mesoporous carbon and thermosensitive polymer can be used as an efficient carrier for drug loading and release experiments. The loading and release profiles can be controlled by tailoring the polymer chain length.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Meisam V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kiamahalleh
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Advanced Pharmaceutical Technologies Department, Tofigh Daru Research and Engineering Company, Tehran 1397116395, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mellati
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16765-163, Iran.
authors.forename: S Amirhossein
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pendleton
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Australian School of Petroleum, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. Electronic address: hadi.madani@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: S Hadi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Madani
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016062:Porosity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide; D002244:Carbon; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: CMK3; DOX; PNIPAAm; drug delivery; ordered mesoporous carbon; thermosensitive polymer