title: Pharmacological Treatment of Visuospatial Neglect: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the current review were (1) to give an overview of human studies investigating pharmacotherapy to ameliorate visuospatial neglect and (2) to evaluate the quality of those studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and ResearchGate was conducted in regard to studies that evaluated pharmacological interventions aiming to ameliorate poststroke visuospatial neglect. The search was limited in the following features: species (human), adults (≥18 years of age), language (English), and type of neglect (visuospatial). Two independent authors extracted data on study content and effectiveness and evaluated the quality of studies and methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 11 studies were identified. Three studies were considered to be of moderate quality, the others of low quality. Seven studies represented dopaminergic treatment; 3 studies represented cholinergic treatment; and 1 study represented noradrenergic treatment. Three dopaminergic studies showed primarily positive effects of dopaminergic stimulation on visuospatial neglect, whereas three others showed adverse effects. All 3 cholinergic studies found positive effects in some outcome measures concerning visuospatial neglect. Noradrenergic stimulation improved maintenance of attention when exploring space.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, cholinergic therapy might be the best option for future research. However, we must emphasize the explorative nature and the limited quality of the reviewed studies.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Kemp
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorresteijn
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antonia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ten Brink
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.c.w.nijboer@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Tanja C W
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Nijboer
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Visser-Meily
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065854:Spatial Navigation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: Stroke; pharmacological treatment; rehabilitation; visuospatial neglect