title: Chemical composition and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of extracts from Cornus canadensis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many plants of boreal forest of Quebec have been used by Native Americans to treat a variety of microbial infections. However, the antiviral activities of these plants have been seldom evaluated on cellular models to validate their in vitro efficiencies. In this study, Cornus canadensis L. (Cornaceae), a plant used in Native American traditional medicine to treat possible antiviral infections, has been selected for further examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plant was extracted by decoction and infusion with water, water/ethanol 1:1 and ethanol to obtain extracts similar to those used by Native Americans. The effects of the extracts were tested on herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) using a plaque reduction assay. Moreover, bioassay-guided fractionation was achieved to isolate bioactive compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Water/ethanol 1:1 infusion of C. canadensis leaves were the most active extracts to inhibit virus absorption with EC50of about 9 μg mL-1, whereas for direct mode, both extraction methods using water or water/ethanol 1:1 as solvent were relatively similar with EC50ranging from 11 to 17 μg mL-1. The fractionation led to the identification of active fractions containing hydrolysable tannins. Tellimagrandin I was found the most active compound with an EC50of 2.6 μM for the direct mode and 5.0 μM for the absorption mode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether, the results presented in this work support the antiviral activity of Cornus canadensis used in Native American traditional medicine.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pichette
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.|INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagau-Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Vakhtang
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mshvildadze
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada. jean.legault@uqac.ca.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legault
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002170:Canada; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D029768:Cornus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Cornus canadensis; HSV-1; Native American; Tellimagrandin I; Traditional medicine; hydrolysable tannins