title: Modified lingguizhugan decoction incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modified Lingguizhugan Decoction (MLD) came from famous Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan Decoction. The MLD is used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the clinical setting. Our study focuses on the comprehensive treatment of MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into five groups: control group (Cont), high-fat diet group (HFD), high-fat diet incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR), exercise incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR-Ex) and MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise group (HFD-DR-Ex-MLD). Treatments were conducted for 1 week after feeding high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The effects of treatments on high fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance in rats of MS were examined. In addition, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin and protein kinase B (PKB) in rats serum and liver were also examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a week's intervention by dietary restriction, dietary restriction incorporated with exercise or MLD, compared with HFD rats, the relative weight of liver and fat, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, insulin, were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 or 0.01). This treatment also inhibited abnormal increases of TNF-α, leptin and PKB in serum and liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise treatment exhibit effects in alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance, which are possibly due to the down-regulation of TNF-α, leptin and PKB.
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Healthcare, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, 321 Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
authors.forename: Kunbin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Healthcare, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, 321 Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China. chends@gdyzy.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dingsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China. liwr@gzucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weirong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D008517:Phytotherapy; D055441:Poria; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000097:blood; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: Dietary restriction; Exercise; High-fat diet; Metabolic syndrome; Modified lingguizhugan decoction