title: Development and Validation of a Bilingual Stroke Preparedness Assessment Instrument.
abstract: Stroke preparedness interventions are limited by the lack of psychometrically sound intermediate end points. We sought to develop and assess the reliability and validity of the video-Stroke Action Test (video-STAT) an English and a Spanish video-based test to assess people's ability to recognize and react to stroke signs.
  
  
  
  Video-STAT development and testing was divided into 4 phases: (1) video development and community-generated response options, (2) pilot testing in community health centers, (3) administration in a national sample, bilingual sample, and neurologist sample, and (4) administration before and after a stroke preparedness intervention.
  
  
  
  The final version of the video-STAT included 8 videos: 4 acute stroke/emergency, 2 prior stroke/nonemergency, 1 nonstroke/emergency, and 1 nonstroke/nonemergency. Acute stroke recognition and action response were queried after each vignette. Video-STAT scoring was based on the acute stroke vignettes only (score range 0-12 best). The national sample consisted of 598 participants, 438 who took the video-STAT in English and 160 who took the video-STAT in Spanish. There was adequate internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.72). The average video-STAT score was 5.6 (SD=3.6), whereas the average neurologist score was 11.4 (SD=1.3). There was no difference in video-STAT scores between the 116 bilingual video-STAT participants who took the video-STAT in English or Spanish. Compared with baseline scores, the video-STAT scores increased after a stroke preparedness intervention (6.2 versus 8.9,P<0.01) among a sample of 101 black adults and youth.
  
  
  
  The video-STAT yields reliable scores that seem to be valid measures of stroke preparedness.
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (L.E.S., M.D., L.B.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (B.N.S), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (K.M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (J.B.). lerusche@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Lesli E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Skolarus
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (L.E.S., M.D., L.B.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (B.N.S), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (K.M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (J.B.).
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mazor
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (L.E.S., M.D., L.B.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (B.N.S), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (K.M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (J.B.).
authors.forename: Brisa N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (L.E.S., M.D., L.B.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (B.N.S), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (K.M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (J.B.).
authors.forename: Mackenzie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dome
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (L.E.S., M.D., L.B.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (B.N.S), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (K.M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (J.B.).
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biller
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (L.E.S., M.D., L.B.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (B.N.S), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (K.M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (J.B.).
authors.forename: Lewis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: acute stroke; assessment, outcome; knowledge; public health; survey instrument