title: ACE inhibitors and the risk of acute pancreatitis-a population-based case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use and the risk of acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on all 4966 cases hospitalized in 2008-2010 for acute pancreatitis was retrieved from the Finnish national registers on hospital discharges and prescriptions. A total of 24 788 age and sex-matched population-based controls were randomly selected using density sampling. ACE inhibitor use between 1 January 2003 and the index date were determined by the date of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis among the cases. The incidence rate ratios of acute pancreatitis not diagnosed as biliary or alcohol-induced were modeled by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1276 (26%) cases and 3946 (16%) controls had been exposed to ACE inhibitors. The use of ACE inhibitors was associated with an increased incidence rate of acute pancreatitis (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59-1.95). The increase was slightly higher among current new users (OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.65-2.09) and somewhat lower among current prevalent (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.35-1.75) and former users (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.31-1.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use seems to be associated with a moderately increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-6552
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuoppala
authors.affiliation: Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enlund
authors.affiliation: Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pulkkinen
authors.affiliation: Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kastarinen
authors.affiliation: Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jyrkkä
authors.affiliation: Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Happonen
authors.affiliation: Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paajanen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
keywords: acute pancreatitis; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; case-control study; density sampling; observational study; population-based; register-based