title: Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma atrum induced activation and maturation of murine myeloid-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: Ganoderma atrum (G. atrum), a member of the genus Ganoderma, is an edible and medicinal fungus. In this study, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of G. atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) on dendritic cells (DCs). Firstly, flow cytometric and ELISA analysis showed that PSG-1 increased cell surface molecule expression of MHC-II, CD80 and CD86, and enhanced the production of IL-12 p70, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, MIP-1α and MCP-1 in DCs. PSG-1-treated DCs promoted the proliferation of splenic T lymphocyte of mouse in mixed lymphocyte reaction. The above results demonstrated that PSG-1 induced the maturation of DCs. Secondly, PSG-1 increased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK determined by western blot. Inhibitors of p38, ERK and JNK decreased PSG-1-induced expression of MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 and production of IL-6 and IL-10 by DCs. These results suggested that PSG-1 induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was involved in the regulation of maturation markers and cytokines expression in DCs. Finally, PSG-1 increased expression of MHC-II of DCs in a DCs-Caco-2 co-culture model, suggesting that PSG-1 could indirectly influence DCs. In summary, our data suggested that PSG-1 directly induced DCs maturation via activating MAPK pathways, and indirectly stimulated DCs separated by intestinal epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Institute of Life Science & College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. Electronic address: yuqiang8612@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Quan-Dan
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. Electronic address: myxie@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Science & College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Shun-Qi
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: DCs-Caco-2 co-culture model; Dendritic cells; Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide; MAPK