title: Effect of Carboxylmethyl Cellulose Coating and Osmotic Dehydration on Freeze Drying Kinetics of Apple Slices.
abstract: The effect of different concentrations of sugar solution (hypertonic) (30%, 45% and 60% w/v) and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) (0%, 1% and 2% w/v) coating on freeze drying of apple slices was studied. In total, nine treatments with respect to concentrations of hypertonic solution and coating layer were prepared to analyze their influence on the physical and chemical properties of freeze dried apple slices. It was observed that increase in the sugar solution concentration, decreased the moisture content of the apple slices significantly impacting its water activity, texture and sugar gain. Application of different concentrations of CMC coating had no significant effect on the properties of dried apple slices. A significant change was observed for color of CMC coated freeze dried apple slices pretreated with 60% sugar solution. Drying kinetics of pretreated apple slices were fitted by using two drying models, Newton's and Page's. Page's model showed higherR-square and lower root mean square error (RSME) compared to Newton's model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. jamshid.rahimi@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. ashutosh.singh@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. peter.adewale@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Peter Olusola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Adewale
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. akinbode.adedeji@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Akinbode A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adedeji
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. michael.ngadi@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ngadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. vijaya.raghavan@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raghavan
keywords: apple slices; carboxyl methyl cellulose coating; drying kinetics; freeze drying; osmo-dehydration