title: Evaluation of Extraction and Degradation Methods to Obtain Chickpeasaponin B1 from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).
abstract: The objective of this research is to implement extraction and degradation methods for the obtainment of 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl] soyasapogenol B (chickpeasaponin B1) from chickpea. The effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) processing parameters-such as ethanol concentration, solvent/solid ratio, extraction temperature, microwave irradiation power, and irradiation time-were evaluated. Using 1g of material with 8 mL of 70% aqueous ethanol and an extraction time of 10 min at 70 °C under irradiation power 400W provided optimal extraction conditions. Compared with the conventional extraction techniques, including heat reflux extraction (HRE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), and ultrasonic extraction (UE), MAE produced higher extraction efficiency under a lower extraction time. DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) saponin can be degraded to structurally stable saponin B by the loss of its DDMP group. The influence of pH and the concentration of potassium hydroxide on transformation efficiency of the target compound was investigated. A solution of 0.25 M potassium hydroxide in 75% aqueous ethanol was suitable for converting the corresponding DDMP saponins of chickpeasaponin B1. The implementation by the combining MAE technique and alkaline hydrolysis method for preparing chickpeasaponin B1 provides a convenient technology for future applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. chengkun1990518@163.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. gaohuaqy@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. rrwang2012@163.com.
authors.forename: Rong-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. buckuper@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. hyx19931008@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. liuxiaohong1043@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. kunliu62@126.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. qddxwangwei@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D029863:Cicer / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008872:Microwaves; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D012997:Solvents; C407096:soyasapogenol B; D009828:Oleanolic Acid
keywords: Cicer arietinum L.; alkaline hydrolysis; chickpea; chickpeasaponin B1; microwave-assisted extraction