title: Effects of Al3+and La3+Trivalent Metal Ions on Tomato Fruit Proteomes.
abstract: The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening process from mature green (MG) to turning and then to red stages is accompanied by the occurrences of physiological and biochemical reactions, which ultimately result in the formation of the flavor, color and texture of ripe fruits. The two trivalent metal ions Al3+and La3+are known to induce different levels of phytotoxicity in suppressing root growth. This paper aims to understand the impacts of these two metal ions on tomato fruit proteomes. Tomato 'Micro-Tom' plants were grown in a hydroponic culture system supplemented with 50 μM aluminum sulfate (Al₂ (SO4)₃.18H₂O) for Al3+or La₂(SO₄)₃ for La3+. Quantitative proteomics analysis, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, were performed for fruits at MG, turning and red stages. Results show that in MG tomatoes, proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, photosynthesis and primary carbohydrate metabolisms were at a significantly lower level in Al-treated compared to La-treated plants. For the turning and red tomatoes, only a few proteins of significant differences between the two metal treatments were identified. Results from this study indicate that compared to La3+, Al3+had a greater influence on the basic biological activities in green tomatoes, but such an impact became indistinguishable as tomatoes matured into the late ripening stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. sangisasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sasikiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangireddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. iyk_oc@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ikenna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okekeogbu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. zye@my.tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Zhujia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. zsuping@tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Suping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. kjh46@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. tlf26@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. tt34@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Theodore W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Thannhauser
keywords: cell wall; functional pathways; iTRAQ; photosynthesis; secondary metabolites; stress proteins