title: Reference values of one-point carotid stiffness parameters determined by carotid echo-tracking and brachial pulse pressure in a large population of healthy subjects.
abstract: Arterial stiffness can predict cardiovascular events, and the aim of this study was to produce age- and sex-specific reference values for echo-tracking carotid stiffness in healthy subjects. A total of 900 subjects (500 males, mean age 45.8±19 years) were enrolled. Common carotid artery stiffness and compliance, using a high-definition echo-tracking ultrasound system, were evaluated. To compare stiffness parameters across the different age groups, individual scores were transformed into T-scores, indicating how many standard deviation (s.d.) units an individual's score was above or below the mean that was observed in the group including same-sex individuals aged 36 to 44 years. Carotid stiffness was similar among genders, except compliance, which was lower in women (P<0.0001). These characteristics were also maintained when the studied population was divided into seven age groups. Stiffness parameters increased significantly with age, but the opposite occurred for compliance. The T-score was found to increase significantly across all age groups, with a steeper increase in stiffness around the age of 60 years in women. For each T-score s.d., the corresponding carotid absolute values for arterial stiffness and compliance were obtained. In a multivariate model, carotid stiffness parameters were constantly and independently associated with age, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate and body mass index. Our study provides a normogram of carotid arterial stiffness and compliance indices obtained with the echo-tracking method in a large population of healthy subjects stratified by gender and age that can be used in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Emergency Department, San Antonio Hospital, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vriz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aboyans
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A Avogadro', Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minisini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magne
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Emergency Department, San Antonio Hospital, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A Avogadro', Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology 'Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast' Hospital, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bossone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult