title: Social engineering of societal knowledge in livestock science: Can we be more empathetic?
abstract: Questions are raised in effective utilization of farmer's wisdom by communities in their farming. Planners support to livelihood emphasize mostly of inputs from outside and not setting up sustainable goals. Formal institutions and planners of program are finding constraints and sceptical in wider dissemination of indigenous knowledge research system (IKRS). This is in spite of evidence that considerable number of farmer's in livestock sector depends on IKRS. In this context, it is pertinent to showcase dissemination potential of these knowledge system(s) in larger geographical areas. The review illustrates different challenges encountered while control of livestock ailments like ectoparasite infestation through IKRS. Several times, it was opinioned to provide or share IKRS to thwart ailments in a specific region. This is interesting as it was narrated how formal system is unable to recognize farmer's problem and challenges in integrating these sustainable practices. It has to be noted that disseminating activities seldom takes into account the experimental potential of farmers. This review paper articulates various evidences generated in enhancing diffusion thereby dissemination of IKRS. The nature of support extended by IKRS in entrepreneurial activity of smallholder farming units did not get adequate recognition. There needs to be minimum standard protocol in deriving benefit from such low-cost alternative technologies. This will enrich incremental innovation activities as per location specific need and provide scope for wider dissemination.
authors.affiliation: National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Devesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Hardev
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Amol S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kinhekar
authors.affiliation: National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Extension, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ponnusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bhojne
authors.affiliation: Dean, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vasanth M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: health; indigenous knowledge; innovation; institution; livestock; technology