title: A Context-oriented Communication Algorithm for Advance Care Planning: A Model to Assist Palliative Care in Heart Failure.
abstract: Access to consultation or referral for decisions about advance care planning (ACP) is limited, particularly for nonmalignant models pertinent to palliative care in heart failure (HF).
  
  
  
  The aim of this study was to solicit professional opinions about the feasibility of using an exemplary context-oriented communication algorithm for ACP discussions.
  
  
  
  Using a panel of expert physicians and nurses in cardiovascular care, a 3-round Delphi study was conducted to evaluate the proposed model.
  
  
  
  A consensus was determined based on a content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.318 or greater, a critical value for selection of an item scored as important (≥4 on a 5-point Likert scale). A total of 50, 44, and 38 experts in Korea completed each round, respectively. Item evaluation did not differ across rounds (Friedman χ > P = .05), except for timing of the ACP discussion. A lack of consensus was observed on the issue of after HF diagnosis for right timing of the ACP discussion across rounds (CVRs from -0.80 to -0.83); consensus was reached on the expectation of a terminal state (CVRs from 0.60 to 0.78). Content validity ratios were moderately high for Korean advance directive, ranging from 0.59 to 0.91. Experts also reached consensus about each of 5 steps of a communication model-patients' determination of decisional capacity (CVR, 0.72-1.0), awareness (CVR, 0.95-1.0), willingness for advance care planning (CVR, 0.76-0.84), family dynamics (CVR, 0.92-1.0) and patient readiness for advance care planning (CVR, 0.76-0.95).
  
  
  
  A context-oriented communication model could be used to facilitate the decision-making process for palliative care and continuity of care in HF.
authors.affiliation: JinShil Kim, PhD, RN College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea. Shinmi Kim, PhD, RN Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, South Korea. Mi-Seung Shin, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea. Jae Ok Jin, RN Sejong General Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. Yunmi Kim, PhD, RN College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea. Mee-Ok Lee, MSN, RN Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: JinShil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shinmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Seung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jae Ok
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yunmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mee-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032722:Advance Care Planning; D000465:Algorithms; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D003142:Communication; D003697:Delphi Technique; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D010166:Palliative Care; D010358:Patient Participation