title: Complications after orthognathic surgery: our experience on 423 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthognathic surgery is widely used to correct dentofacial discrepancies. However, this procedure presents numerous possible complications. The aim of our study is to review intraoperative and postoperative complications related to orthognathic surgery based upon a 10-year period in the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Federico II University of Naples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 423 patients who undergone orthognathic surgery in a 10-year period were retrospectively analyzed and complications was noted. Statistical analysis was conduced in order to understand if the type of surgical procedure influenced complications rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty-five complications in 143 (33.8%) of the 423 treated patients were reported. Complications detected were nerve injury (49 cases, 11.9%), infections (10 cases, 2.4%), complications related to fixation plates or screws (30 cases, 7.1%), bad split osteotomy (8 cases, 1.9%), secondary temporo-mandibular joint disorders (36 cases, 8.5%), dental injuries (21 cases, 5%), condilar resorption (2 cases, 0.5%), and necessity of a second-time surgery (24 cases, 5.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serious complications seem to be quite rare in orthognathic surgery. Some of the surgical complications found are related to the surgeon experience and not strictly to the risks of the operation itself. Understanding potential complications allows the surgeon to guarantee safe care through early intervention and correctly inform the patient in the preoperative colloquy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friscia
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sbordone
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrocelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy. luigi.vaira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luigi Angelo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-145X
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.affiliation: Statistical Science Department, School of Statistic Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Attanasi
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 9, 80100, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cassandro
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine Unit, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paternoster
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iaconetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Califano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008036:Lingual Nerve; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery*; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D057909:Orthognathic Surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Inferior alveolar nerve injuries; Le Fort 1 osteotomy complications; Orthognathic surgery; Orthognathic surgery complications; Sagittal split ramus osteotomy complications