title: Spread rate of lumpy skin disease in the Balkans, 2015-2016.
abstract: After its introduction in Turkey in November 2013 and subsequent spread in this country, lumpy skin disease (LSD) was first reported in the western Turkey in May 2015. It was observed in cattle in Greece and reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in August 2015. From May 2015 to August 2016, 1,092 outbreaks of lumpy skin disease were reported in cattle from western Turkey and eight Balkan countries: Greece, Bulgaria, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, and Albania. During this period, the median LSD spread rate was 7.3 km/week. The frequency of outbreaks was highly seasonal, with little or no transmission reported during the winter. Also, the skewed distribution of spread rates suggested two distinct underlying epidemiological processes, associating local and distant spread possibly related to vectors and cattle trade movements, respectively.
authors.affiliation: French Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.affiliation: French Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arsevska
authors.affiliation: Unité de coordination et d'appui à la surveillance, Direction des laboratoires, Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bournez
authors.affiliation: General Directorate for Food, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bronner
authors.affiliation: Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calavas
authors.affiliation: Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cauchard
authors.affiliation: French Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falala
authors.affiliation: French Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caufour
authors.affiliation: Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tisseuil
authors.affiliation: French Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lefrançois
authors.affiliation: French Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5242
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lancelot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063368:Balkan Peninsula / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000662:veterinary*; D008166:Lumpy Skin Disease / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D008167:Lumpy skin disease virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons
keywords: epidemic intelligence; lumpy skin disease; spread rate