title: Ionic Self-Assembled Platform of Perylenediimide-Sodium Dodecylsulfate for Detection of Spermine in Clinical Samples.
abstract: The detection and quantification of spermine in clinical practice is important for early diagnosis of many diseases. Chromatographic and immunoassay-based methods are commonly used. However, a fluorescence-based assay could provide real-time detection. Herein, the synthesis and aggregation properties of a dicationic perylene probe (N1-dodecyl-N3-(4-phenyl)benzimidazolium-functionalized perylenediimide (DAB-PDI)) used to develop a fluorescent "turn-on" ensemble for the detection of spermine are discussed. The fluorescence of DAB-PDI (10 μm, Φ=0.55) is efficiently quenched by negatively charged sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) through the formation of ionic self-assembled aggregates (charge ratio of negative (N) in SDS to positive (P) in DAB-PDI (N/P)=9). This negatively charged ionic self-assembly between DAB-PDI and SDS has been characterized by using photophysical, microscopic, dynamic light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, and HRMS techniques. The addition of spermine to this ensemble solution results in the breakdown of the DAB-PDI-SDS ensemble owing to strong binding of spermine with SDS and, as a result, the fluorescence of DAB-PDI is recovered. This ensemble exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for spermine detection in water, urine, and blood serum. The lowest limit of detection is 27.5 nm, which is at least about 36 times lower than that required for early diagnosis of cancer (1 to 10 μm for urinary spermine).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
authors.forename: Prabhpreet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
authors.forename: Lalit Singh
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala-, 144601, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007094:Imides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D013096:Spermine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007094:Imides; D007477:Ions; C521332:perylenediimide; D014867:Water; C017948:dodecyltriethoxy sulfate; D013096:Spermine; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D010569:Perylene
keywords: biosensors; fluorescence; polycycles; self-assembly; surfactants