title: Vitamin E nanoemulsion activity on stored red blood cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stored red blood cells (RBCs) undergo numerous changes that have been termed RBC storage lesion, which can be related to oxidative damage. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant, acting on cell lipids. Thus, this study aimed to investigate vitamin E activity on stored RBCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared a vitamin E nanoemulsion that was added to RBC units and stored at 4 °C. Controls, without vitamin E, were kept under the same conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored for up to 35 days of storage. RBC elasticity was also evaluated using an optical tweezer system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin E-treated samples presented a significant decrease in ROS production. Additionally, the elastic constant for vitamin E-treated RBCs did not differ from the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E decreased the amount of ROS in stored RBCs. Because vitamin E acts on lipid oxidation, results suggest that protein oxidation should also be considered a key factor for erythrocyte elastic properties. Thus, further studies combining vitamin E with protein antioxidants deserve attention, aiming to better preserve overall stored RBC properties.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A L
authors.initials: CAL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida (Asces - Unita), Caruaru, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Azevedo Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C N
authors.initials: DCN
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Enfermagem, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C A B
authors.initials: MCAB
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães - CPqAM, FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Fundação Hemope, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: S C A
authors.initials: SCA
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: INCTS - Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barjas-Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-2163
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: elasticity; emulsion; erythrocyte; reactive oxygen species; vitamin E