title: Congenital tuberculosis in an extremely preterm infant conceived after in vitro fertilization: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. The diagnosis is often delayed, especially in preterm neonates because of the non-specific clinical presentation and the lack of awareness of maternal disease prior to pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of congenital tuberculosis in an infant born at 24 weeks of gestation to a mother who presented with uncontrolled seizures during preterm labor. Maternal diagnosis was initially made by placental pathology, and later confirmed by isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in urine, gastric aspirates and sputum. Full screening was performed on the newborn infant, and both mother and infant were successfully treated for tuberculosis with a four drug regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy can exacerbate latent tuberculosis and women originating from endemic areas are especially susceptible. The best way to prevent congenital tuberculosis is to have a high index of suspicion and identify and treat tuberculosis in pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Samedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Essa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Al Awad
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. kyusuf@ucalgary.ca.|Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. kyusuf@ucalgary.ca.|, Rm 273, Heritage Medical Research Building 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. kyusuf@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012640:Seizures / Q000382:microbiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000635:transmission; D014384:Tuberculosis, Female Genital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission
keywords: Case Report; Congenital; Maternal; Placenta; Preterm neonate; Tuberculosis