title: The role of physician oversight on advanced practice nurses' professional autonomy and empowerment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the effects of physician oversight on advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Examination of these relationships provides insight into the strength of independent practice. The purpose of this study was to examine whether APRNs' perceptions of autonomy and empowerment varied according to type of physician oversight, whether facilitative or restrictive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey design was used to examine whether APRNs' perceptions of autonomy and empowerment varied according to physician oversight, geographical location, and practice setting. Five hundred questionnaires were mailed in March 2013 with 274 returned. Participants were asked about autonomy, empowerment, demographics, physician oversight, geographical location, and practice setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among surveyed respondents, physician oversight was related to increased empowerment, regardless of whether the oversight was defined in facilitative or restrictive terms; both had similar positive effects on empowerment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If APRNs are to be part of the solution to the growing problem of healthcare access, it is important to study factors that contribute to their success. We speculate that increasing opportunities for collaboration and interaction with physicians, and possibly other healthcare professionals, could facilitate APRN empowerment, optimizing their contribution.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
authors.forename: Polly A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Way
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057179:Advanced Practice Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000523:psychology*; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*; D011209:Power, Psychological; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Autonomy; Dempster Practice Behavior Scale; advanced practice nurse (APN); collaboration; empowerment; primary care