title: Institutional factors affecting participation in national faculty development programs: a nation-wide investigation of medical schools.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical schools have used faculty development programs as an essential means to improve the instruction of faculty members. Thus far, however, participating in such programs has been largely voluntary for individuals even though a certain degree of participation is required to achieve practical effectiveness. In addition, the learning behaviors of faculty members are known to be influenced by organizational contexts such as a hidden curriculum. Therefore, this study explored the organizational characteristics of medical schools affecting attendance at faculty development programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty medical schools in South Korea were included in this study. In total, 1,667 faculty members attended the faculty development programs at the National Teacher Training Center for Health Personnel between 2007 and 2015. For independent variables, information on the basic characteristics and the educational states was collected from all the medical schools. Themes were identified from their educational goals and objectives by inductive content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of nine-year cumulative attendees from medical schools ranged from 8 to 104. The basic characteristics of the medical schools had little influence on faculty development program attendance, while several themes in the educational goals and objectives, including "cooperation", "serving various societies", and "dealing with a changing future" showed a significant difference in participation. The number of full-time faculty showed a significant positive correlation when it was smaller than the median, and the proportion of alumni faculty showed a significant negative correlation when it was higher than 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study adds to existing knowledge on factors affecting attendance at faculty development programs by identifying related institutional factors that influence attendance. While the variations depending on the basic characteristics were minimal, the organizational environment surrounding medical education significantly contributed to attendance. Addressing institutional as well as individual factors could contribute to improving participation by faculty members in faculty development programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, MS/D5800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. hismed1@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jwa-Seop
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000193:education*; D016730:Program Development; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013192:Staff Development
keywords: Educational goals; Faculty development program; Faculty members; National Teacher Training Center