title: [A patient with severe digoxin toxicity].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that is frequently prescribed in atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Symptoms such as nausea, hyperkalaemia, cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest are seen in digoxin toxicity. The treatment focuses on reduction of digoxin absorption, prevention of hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia, treatment of symptoms and, in severe toxicity, administration of digoxin antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 73-year-old man with a history of extensive cardiac disease was seen 45 minutes after ingesting 20 mg of digoxin. The patient developed ventricular fibrillation within 3 hours of ingestion, before arrival of the digoxin antibodies. The patient passed away despite resuscitation and administration of an insufficient amount of digoxin antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The national supply of digoxin antibodies in the Netherlands proved to be too limited for the treatment of a patient with severe digoxin toxicity. An increase in the supply, and central storage, of digoxin antibodies could promote faster administration of an adequate amount of the antibodies. Timely transportation to an extra corporeal membrane oxygenation centre should also be considered.
authors.affiliation: Tergooi, Hilversum.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: van Rhee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Bentum
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Keulen
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Haak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation; D004077:Digoxin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006323:Heart Arrest; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004077:Digoxin