title: Comparison of the efficiency of irrigation of single and double-needle techniques of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis: A cadaver study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of the double- and single-needle arthrocentesis techniques in removing methylene blue from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed in 20 TMJs from 10 fresh cadavers. A total of 1 ml of 10 μM methylene blue solution was injected into the upper joint spaces, just prior to irrigation. Ten arthrocentesis procedures were carried out using the double-needle technique, and the remaining 10 were completed using the single-needle technique. The photo-absorbance values of methylene blue solution injected into and removed from the joint space were measured at a 665 nm wavelength. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilks test and t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The t-test analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the two methods in the removal of methylene blue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of the present study, the single-needle technique may be a good alternative with the advantages of easier application in cases where it is not possible to perform the double-needle technique.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-5958
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sindel
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-4248
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uzuner
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-1325
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sindel
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-6453
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tozoğlu
mesh_terms: D000069237:Arthrocentesis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009339:Needles; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: TMJ arthrocentesis; arthrocentesis; double-needle technique; methylene blue; single-needle technique