title: Improving data availability for brain image biobanking in healthy subjects: Practice-based suggestions from an international multidisciplinary working group.
abstract: Brain imaging is now ubiquitous in clinical practice and research. The case for bringing together large amounts of image data from well-characterised healthy subjects and those with a range of common brain diseases across the life course is now compelling. This report follows a meeting of international experts from multiple disciplines, all interested in brain image biobanking. The meeting included neuroimaging experts (clinical and non-clinical), computer scientists, epidemiologists, clinicians, ethicists, and lawyers involved in creating brain image banks. The meeting followed a structured format to discuss current and emerging brain image banks; applications such as atlases; conceptual and statistical problems (e.g. defining 'normality'); legal, ethical and technological issues (e.g. consents, potential for data linkage, data security, harmonisation, data storage and enabling of research data sharing). We summarise the lessons learned from the experiences of a wide range of individual image banks, and provide practical recommendations to enhance creation, use and reuse of neuroimaging data. Our aim is to maximise the benefit of the image data, provided voluntarily by research participants and funded by many organisations, for human health. Our ultimate vision is of a federated network of brain image biobanks accessible for large studies of brain structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: Susan.Shenkin@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shenkin
authors.affiliation: Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pernet
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics & WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 132 Barker Hall, Office 210S, MC 3190, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Poline
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.affiliation: International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 15A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanyon
authors.affiliation: Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5293, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazoyer
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.affiliation: Keck USC School of Medicine; NIH ENIGMA Center for Worldwide Medicine, Imaging and Genomics; Professor of Neurology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Pediatrics, Engineering & Ophthalmology; USC Imaging Genetics Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK.
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Devasuda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anblagan
authors.affiliation: Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Dominic E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Job
authors.affiliation: Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: David Alexander
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dickie
authors.affiliation: Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh,UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wardlaw
mesh_terms: D003628:Database Management Systems; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D059906:Neuroimaging
keywords: Brain image biobank; Data sharing; Neuroimaging