title: U.S. Diagnostic Reference Levels and Achievable Doses for 10 Adult CT Examinations.
abstract: Purpose To develop diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) for the 10 most common adult computed tomographic (CT) examinations in the United States as a function of patient size by using the CT Dose Index Registry. Materials and Methods Data from the 10 most commonly performed adult CT head, neck, and body examinations from 583 facilities were analyzed. For head examinations, the lateral thickness was used as an indicator of patient size; for neck and body examinations, water-equivalent diameter was used. Data from 1 310 727 examinations (analyzed by using SAS 9.3) provided median values, as well as means and 25th and 75th (DRL) percentiles for volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). Applicable results were compared with DRLs from eight countries. Results More than 46% of the facilities were community hospitals; 13% were academic facilities. More than 48% were in metropolitan areas, 39% were suburban, and 13% were rural. More than 50% of the facilities performed fewer than 500 examinations per month. The abdomen and pelvis was the most frequently performed examination in the study (45%). For body examinations, DRLs (75th percentile) and ADs (median) for CTDIvol, SSDE, and DLP increased consistently with the patient's size (water-equivalent diameter). The relationships between patient size and DRLs and ADs were not as strong for head and neck examinations. These results agree well with the data from other countries. Conclusion DRLs and ADs as a function of patient size were developed for the 10 most common adult CT examinations performed in the United States.©RSNA, 2017.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.M.K.); Departments of Quality and Safety (P.F.B., M.B.) and National Radiology Data Registries (D.S., L.P.C.), American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Fla (R.L.M.).
authors.forename: Kalpana M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kanal
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.M.K.); Departments of Quality and Safety (P.F.B., M.B.) and National Radiology Data Registries (D.S., L.P.C.), American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Fla (R.L.M.).
authors.forename: Priscilla F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.M.K.); Departments of Quality and Safety (P.F.B., M.B.) and National Radiology Data Registries (D.S., L.P.C.), American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Fla (R.L.M.).
authors.forename: Debapriya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.M.K.); Departments of Quality and Safety (P.F.B., M.B.) and National Radiology Data Registries (D.S., L.P.C.), American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Fla (R.L.M.).
authors.forename: Mythreyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhargavan-Chatfield
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.M.K.); Departments of Quality and Safety (P.F.B., M.B.) and National Radiology Data Registries (D.S., L.P.C.), American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Fla (R.L.M.).
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.M.K.); Departments of Quality and Safety (P.F.B., M.B.) and National Radiology Data Registries (D.S., L.P.C.), American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Fla (R.L.M.).
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012016:Reference Values; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media