title: Inhibition of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1/2 Family by Psoralen and Coumarin Derivatives.
abstract: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), one of 19 ALDH superfamily members, catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to their respective carboxylic acids. In this study, we further characterized the inhibition of four psoralen and coumarin derivatives toward ALDH2 and compared them to the ALDH2 inhibitor daidzin for selectivity against five ALDH1/2 isoenzymes. Compound 2 (Ki= 19 nM) binds within the aldehyde-binding site of the free enzyme species of ALDH2. Thirty-three structural analogs were examined to develop a stronger SAR profile. Seven compounds maintained or improved upon the selectivity toward one of the five ALDH1/2 isoenzymes, including compound 36, a selective inhibitor for ALDH2 (Ki= 2.4 μM), and compound 32, which was 10-fold selective for ALDH1A1 (Ki= 1.2 μM) versus ALDH1A2. Further medicinal chemistry on the compounds' basic scaffold could enhance the potency and selectivity for ALDH1A1 or ALDH2 and generate chemical probes to examine the unique and overlapping functions of the ALDH1/2 isoenzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2550-649X
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005363:Ficusin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; C545372:ALDH1A2 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D005363:Ficusin