title: Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effect of Gastrodia elata on Colon Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo.
abstract: Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) is a well-known kind of herb that has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. The extrusion of raw materials from it could improve flavor and enhance bioavailability in food and drug development. The purpose of this study is to investigate antitumor and immune boosting effects of extruded GE in human colon carcinoma cells, splenocytes, and mice-bearing CT26 colon carcinoma cell. Treatment with 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL of extruded GE decreased cell viability and induced the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in HT29 cells ([Formula: see text]). When we performed DAPI staining, apoptotic bodies with condensed chromatin and fragmented nuclei, known as indicative of apoptotic morphology, increased 24[Formula: see text]h after treatment with 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL of extruded GE. Treatments with extruded GE significantly promoted splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 or IFN-[Formula: see text] secretion, compared with that of control cells ([Formula: see text]). The administration of extruded GE of 200 mg/kg/day decreased tumor growth and Ki-67 or [Formula: see text]-catenin expression in mice ([Formula: see text]). Additionally, we investigated the contents of compounds in extruded GE extracts using ultra performance liquid chromatography. The contents of p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in extruded GE were 2.97[Formula: see text]mg/g and 0.04[Formula: see text]mg/g, respectively. It was supposed that antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of extruded GE might exert by the p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of many compositions analyzed from extruded GE. These results suggest that extruded GE have the potential to be developed into a natural pharmaceutical and functional food as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
authors.affiliation: * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Department of Food Industry Convergence, Republic of Korea.|† Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center & College of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Hyung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Department of Food Industry Convergence, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ming Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Department of Food Industry Convergence, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Department of Food Industry Convergence, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Department of Food Industry Convergence, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: ‡ MJ Health Foods Co., Ltd., Muju 568-845, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Kyun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: ‡ MJ Health Foods Co., Ltd., Muju 568-845, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: ‡ MJ Health Foods Co., Ltd., Muju 568-845, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: § Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chong-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: ¶ Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Ki
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Department of Food Industry Convergence, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D031668:Gastrodia; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051176:beta Catenin
keywords: Antitumor; Extruded Gastrodia elata Blume; Immunomodulatory; Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography