title: Airborne Particulate Matter Induces Nonallergic Eosinophilic Sinonasal Inflammation in Mice.
abstract: Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been linked to aggravation of respiratory symptoms, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Although the health effects of PM on the lower pulmonary airway have been extensively studied, little is known regarding the impact of chronic PM exposure on the upper sinonasal airway. We sought to test the impact of chronic airborne PM exposure on the upper respiratory system in vivo. Mice were subjected, by inhalation, to concentrated fine (2.5 μm) PM 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 16 weeks. Mean airborne fine PM concentration was 60.92 μm/m3, a concentration of fine PM lower than that reported in some major global cities. Mice were then killed and analyzed for evidence of inflammation and barrier breakdown compared with control mice. Evidence of the destructive effects of chronic airborne PM on sinonasal health in vivo, including proinflammatory cytokine release, and macrophage and neutrophil inflammatory cell accumulation was observed. A significant increase in epithelial barrier dysfunction was observed, as assessed by serum albumin accumulation in nasal airway lavage fluid, as well as decreased expression of adhesion molecules, including claudin-1 and epithelial cadherin. A significant increase in eosinophilic inflammation, including increased IL-13, eotaxin-1, and eosinophil accumulation, was also observed. Collectively, although largely observational, these studies demonstrate the destructive effects of chronic airborne PM exposure on the sinonasal airway barrier disruption and nonallergic eosinophilic inflammation in mice.
authors.affiliation: 1 Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Murugappan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.affiliation: 1 Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nyall R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: London
authors.affiliation: 1 Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tharakan
authors.affiliation: 1 Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nitya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Surya
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sussan
authors.affiliation: 3 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, and.
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: 1 Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sandra Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 4 Temple University Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toskala
authors.affiliation: 3 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, and.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000473:pathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000473:pathology*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: air pollution; inflammation; particulate matter; permeability; rhinitis