title: Histone H3 and H4 acetylation patterns are more dynamic than those of DNA methylation in Brachypodium distachyon embryos during seed maturation and germination.
abstract: The transition of seeds from a dry to a metabolically active state requires significant changes in both the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression, and this transcriptional reprogramming involves various modifications of the chromatin structure. There are several factors that can greatly influence the structure of chromatin, one of which is the chemical modifications of histone proteins and DNA itself. In this study, we analysed the distribution of three epigenetic markers, i.e. acetylation of histone H4 (H4K16ac) and histone H3 (H3K18ac) as well as DNA methylation (5mC) in Brachypodium distachyon embryos during the four stages of seed development-maturation, desiccation (quiescence), imbibition and germination. Our results indicate that both H4K16ac and H3K18ac are at a very high level in embryos during seed imbibition, but that the patterns of DNA methylation are considerably more stable in embryos during seed development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland. elzbieta.wolny@us.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolny
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braszewska-Zalewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kroczek
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasterok
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018525:Germination / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006657:Histones
keywords: Brachypodium distachyon embryo; DNA methylation; Epigenetic modifications; H3K18ac; H4K16ac