title: Decreased bacterial growth on titanium nanoscale topographies created by ion beam assisted evaporation.
abstract: Titanium is one of the most widely used materials for orthopedic implants, yet it has exhibited significant complications in the short and long term, largely resulting from poor cell-material interactions. Among these many modes of failure, bacterial infection at the site of implantation has become a greater concern with the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Nanostructured surfaces have been found to prevent bacterial colonization on many surfaces, including nanotextured titanium. In many cases, specific nanoscale roughness values and resulting surface energies have been considered to be "bactericidal"; here, we explore the use of ion beam evaporation as a novel technique to create nanoscale topographical features that can reduce bacterial density. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between the roughness and titanium nanofeature shapes and sizes, in which smaller, more regularly spaced nanofeatures (specifically 40-50 nm tall peaks spaced ~0.25 μm apart) were found to have more effect than surfaces with high roughness values alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stolzoff
authors.affiliation: N2 Biomedical, Bedford, MA.
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: N2 Biomedical, Bedford, MA.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslani
authors.affiliation: N2 Biomedical, Bedford, MA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston.
authors.forename: Congtin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De La Torre
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Negar H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ziemer
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, University of King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: IBAD; bacteria; bone ingrowth; nanostructures; surface roughness; titanium