title: Antimicrobial Use for and Resistance of Zoonotic Bacteria Recovered from Nonhuman Primates.
abstract: As a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a central public-health topic. Largescale surveillance systems, such as the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding AMR, but comprehensive literature on AMR among NHP is sparse. This study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of AMR in zoonotic bacteria recovered from NHP within biomedical research institutions. We focused on 4 enteric bacteria: Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Campylobacter jejuni. Fifteen veterinarians, 7 biomedical research institutions, and 4 diagnostic laboratories participated, providing susceptibility test results from January 2012 through April 2015. Veterinarians primarily treated cases caused by S. flexneri, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis with enrofloxacin but treated C. jejuni cases with azithromycin and tylosin. All isolates were susceptible to the associated primary antimicrobial but often showed resistance to others. Specifically, S. flexneri isolates frequently were resistant to erythromycin (87.5%), doxycycline (73.7%), and tetracycline (38.3%); Y. enterocolitica isolates to ampicillin (100%) and cefazolin (93.6%); and C. jejuni isolates to methicillin (99.5%) and cephalothin (97.5%). None of the 58 Y. pseudotuber-culosis isolates was resistant to any tested antimicrobial. Notably, resistance patterns were not shared between this study's NHP isolates and human isolates presented by NARMS. Our findings indicate that zoonotic bacteria from NHP diagnostic samples are broadly susceptible to the antimicrobials used to treat the clinical infections. These results can help veterinarians ensure effective antimicrobial therapy and protect staff by minimizing occupational risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University Laboratory Animal Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Dondrae J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Coble
authors.affiliation: California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Salyards
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.affiliation: Alpha Genesis, Yemassee, South Carolina.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Gail B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Plauche
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;, Email: habing.4@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Habing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D018419:Primate Diseases; D011323:Primates; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015011:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents