title: Cobalt Chloride-induced Hypoxia Induces Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Renal Carcinoma Cell Lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) models in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RCC cell lines A498 and 786-O were used in the experiment and CoCl2was used to simulate hypoxia. Cells were cultured with different concentrations of CoCl2. Morphology and changes in cytoactivity were observed. After CoCl2 treatment, the expression of HIF-1α and the changes of EMT-related molecules (E-cadherin, fibronectin) were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell conjunctions of CoCl2-treated groups were loose and scattered compared to the control. CoCl2did not promote or attenuate the viability of A498 cells at low dosage, but when the concentration of CoCl2reached 250 μM, cell activity gradually declined. In contrast, CoCl2induced 786-O cell proliferation in the range of 50 μ M-200 μ M, but inhibited cell growth at dosages higher than 200 μM. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated, and fibronectin was up-regulated in both A498 and 786-O cell lines under CoCl2-simulated hypoxia in comparison with normoxic conditions (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CoCl2-induced hypoxia could induce EMT in RCC cell lines. The models will help us further study the mechanisms of EMT and investigate novel therapeutic targets to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cellular and Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cellular and Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Siqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Karamay People's Hospital, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hami District Central Hospital, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shayiremu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duoerkun
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cellular and Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China yoya_urology@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China gongkan2004@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride
keywords: E-cadherin; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Fibronectin; Hypoxia; Renal cell carcinoma