title: Hepatotoxicity and metabolic effects of cellular extract of cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi containing microcystins RR and YR on neotropical fish (Hoplias malabaricus).
abstract: The toxicological effect of cellular extract of cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi strain R28 containing RR and YR microcystins was analyzed in the fish Hoplias malabaricus with emphasis on the liver structure and energetic metabolism, after short-term exposure. Fish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 100 μg of equivalent MC-LR kg-1body mass containing in the cellular extract of R. fernandoi strain R28. Twelve and 96 h post-injection, the plasma, liver and white muscle were sampled for biochemical analyses and liver was also sampled for morphological analyses. After i.p. injection, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and direct bilirubin increased in the plasma, while ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased in the liver. Glucose, lactate and pyruvate increased while protein decreased in the plasma; glycogen, pyruvate and lactate decreased in the liver; and glycogen and glucose increased in the muscle. Ammonia increased in the plasma, liver and muscle. The hepatocyte cell shape changed from polyhedral to round after cellular extract injection; there was loss of biliary canaliculus organization, but the biliary duct morphology was conserved in the liver parenchyma. In conclusion, microcystins present in the cellular extract of R. fernandoi strain R28 affect the liver structure of H. malabaricus, but the liver was able to continuously produce energy by adjusting its intermediate metabolism; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis maintained glucose homeostasis and energy supply.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Gustavo
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Adriana
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine Perri
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Driele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naiara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elisabete da Silva Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marise Margareth
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sakuragui
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Terezan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Batista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: dmnf@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: Marisa Narciso
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D060125:Characiformes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C065685:microcystin YR; D006003:Glycogen; C063855:microcystin RR; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Bilirubin; Intermediate metabolism; Liver damage; Phosphatases; Transaminases