title: Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Interactions Involving African Herbs Indicated for Common Noncommunicable Diseases.
abstract: Herbal remedies are regularly used to complement conventional therapies in the treatment of various illnesses in Africa. This may be because they are relatively cheap and easily accessible and are believed by many to be safe, cause fewer side effects, and are less likely to cause dependency. On the contrary, many herbs have been shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of coadministered allopathic medicines and can either synergize or antagonize therapeutic effects as well as altering the toxicity profiles of these drugs. Current disease burden data point towards epidemiological transitions characterised by increasing urbanization and changing lifestyles, risk factors for chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and cancer which often present as multimorbidities. As a result, we highlight African herb-drug interactions (HDIs) modulated via cytochrome P450 enzyme family (CYP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the consequences thereof in relation to antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anticancer drugs. CYPs are enzymes which account for to up to 70% of drug metabolism while P-gp is an efflux pump that extrudes drug substrates out of cells. Consequently, regulation of the relative activity of both CYP and P-gp by African herbs influences the effective drug concentration at the site of action and modifies therapeutic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8431-3167
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ondieki
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Makafui
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6123-2070
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyagblordzro
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Siambi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikete
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Rongjia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7869-5736
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He