title: Enhancing the Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidants of Lemon Pomace Aqueous Extracts by Applying UV-C Irradiation to the Dried Powder.
abstract: Several studies have shown that UV-C (ultraviolet C) irradiation promotes the bioactive compounds and antioxidants of fresh fruits and vegetables. The aim of this study was to apply UV irradiation in dried lemon pomace powder for enhancing its phenolic content and antioxidant properties, thus more bioactive compounds should be available for extraction and utilization. Lemon pomace dried powder was placed under a UV lamp and treated with dosages of 4, 19, 80 and 185 kJ·m-2, while untreated powder was used as a control. UV-C irradiation significantly affected the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, proanthocyanidins, and antioxidant capacity measured by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the lemon pomace dried powder, while it did not affect the vitamin C content. UV-C irradiation of 19 kJ·m-2resulted in 19% higher total phenolic content than the control, while UV-C irradiation of 180 kJ·m-2resulted in 28% higher total flavonoid content than the control. The antioxidant capacity was reduced when UV-C irradiation more than 4 kJ·m-2was applied. The results of this study indicate that UV-C treatment has the potential to increase the extraction of bioactive compounds of dried lemon pomace at relatively high dosages.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, P.O. Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia. Konstantinos.Papoutsis@uon.edu.au.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papoutsis
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, P.O. Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia. vanquan.vuong@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Quan V
authors.initials: QV
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, P.O. Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia. penta.pristijono@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Penta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pristijono
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, P.O. Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia. john.golding@dpi.nsw.gov.au.|NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 26, Gosford 2250, NSW, Australia. john.golding@dpi.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, P.O. Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia. michael.bowyer@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bowyer
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, P.O. Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia. c.scarlett@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Scarlett
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Drink, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK. c.stathopoulos@abertay.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Costas E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Stathopoulos
keywords: UV treatment; antioxidants; dried powder; lemon waste; proanthocyanidins