title: Resting energy expenditure in girls with Turner syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge concerning energy metabolism in Turner syndrome (TS) is lacking. We compared the resting energy expenditure per fat-free mass (REE/FFM) in TS with other girls with short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) and age-related controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured prospectively REE by spirometry under fasting conditions in the morning in 85 short prepubertal girls at the start of GH treatment. Diagnoses were TS (n=20), GH deficiency (GHD) (n=38) and small for gestational age (SGA) short stature (n=27). Additionally, 20 age-related controls were studied. Mean ages were 8.3 (TS), 7.1 (GHD), 6.9 (SGA) and 8.5 years (controls). Mean heights were -2.90 (TS), -3.32 (GHD), -3.69 (SGA) and -0.03 standard deviation scores (SDS) (controls). FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the start of GH girls with TS showed insignificantly higher REE per FFM (REE/FFM) (mean±SD; 65±9 kcal/kg×day) than did the other female patients (62±9 kcal/kg×day) (p>0.23). The healthy controls had significantly lower REE/FFM (35±4 kcal/kg×day) (p<0.001). Follow-up examination of the patients after 6 or 12 months revealed decreasing REE/FFM in TS (62±9 kcal/kg×day) resulting in comparable REE/FFM in all three patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At baseline short girls with TS had insignificantly higher REE/FFM than short children with SGA or GHD, but in follow-up this difference was not detectable any more. Future studies are necessary to understand this observation.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blumenstock
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schweizer
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; C406545:pegvisomant