title: Stopping smooth pursuit.
abstract: If a visual object of interest suddenly starts to move, we will try to follow it with a smooth movement of the eyes. Thissmooth pursuitresponse aims to reduce image motion on the retina that could blur visual perception. In recent years, our knowledge of the neural control of smooth pursuit initiation has sharply increased. However, stopping smooth pursuit eye movements is less well understood and will be discussed in this paper. The most straightforward way to study smooth pursuit stopping is by interrupting image motion on the retina. This causes eye velocity to decay exponentially towards zero. However, smooth pursuit stopping is not a passive response, as shown by behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. Moreover, smooth pursuit stopping is particularly influenced by active prediction of the upcoming end of the target. Here, we suggest that a particular class of inhibitory neurons of the brainstem, the omnipause neurons, could play a central role in pursuit stopping. Furthermore, the role of supplementary eye fields of the frontal cortex in smooth pursuit stopping is also discussed.This article is part of the themed issue 'Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness'.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Cognition and Systems (COSY), Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium marcus.missal@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-8694
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Missal
authors.affiliation: Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heinen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: inhibition; omnipause neurons; prediction; smooth pursuit; supplementary eye fields