title: [Tendinopathies of the shoulder and elbow].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tendinopathies of the shoulder and elbow joint are a common problem. According to the current state of knowledge tendinopathies can be separated into acute and chronic tendinitis as well as degenerative tendinosis.
  The causes of tendinopathy can be intrinsic, extrinsic or a combination of both. A false straining or overuse with repetitive microtrauma is often the cause. Particularly affected are tendons of the rotator cuff, the long biceps tendons and lower arm extensors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Priority is given to conservative appproaches for these disease processes. Following appropriate diagnostics the pain can be reduced and function can be improved by specific training. When conservative treatment is unsuccessful and in the presence of certain indications, a surgical approach should be considered. In these cases a structural damage of the tendon often already exists, which could have resulted from the tendinopathy. The structural damage must be considered as a separate entity and differentiated from the tendinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. hawi.nael@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Nael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hawi
authors.affiliation: Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liodakis
authors.affiliation: Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.affiliation: Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krettek
authors.affiliation: Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meller
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000070639:Elbow Tendinopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Hyaluronic acid; Scapular dyskinesis; Tendinitis; Tendinosis; Tendon inflammation