title: Clinical xenotransplantation, a closer reality: Literature review.
abstract: Xenotransplantation could provide an unlimited supply of organs and solve the current shortage of organs for transplantation. To become a reality in clinical practice, the immunological and physiological barriers and the risk of xenozoonosis that they possess should be resolved. From the immunological point of view, in the last 30 years a significant progress in the production of transgenic pigs has prevented the hyperacute rejection. About xenozoonosis, attention has been focused on the risk of transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses; however, today, it is considered that the risk is very low and the inevitable transmission should not prevent the clinical xenotransplantation. Regarding the physiological barriers, encouraging results have been obtained and it's expected that the barriers that still need to be corrected can be solved in the future through genetic modifications.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Centro para la Investigación en Cirugía Avanzada y Trasplantes (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aristizabal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Centro para la Investigación en Cirugía Avanzada y Trasplantes (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luis Armando
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Caicedo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Centro para la Investigación en Cirugía Avanzada y Trasplantes (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Centro para la Investigación en Cirugía Avanzada y Trasplantes (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Centro para la Investigación en Cirugía Avanzada y Trasplantes (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia. Electronic address: gjecheverri@icesi.edu.co.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: J Echeverri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
keywords: Genetic engineering; Ingeniería genética; Xenogeneic infections; Xenotransplantation; Xenotrasplantes; Xenozoonosis