title: Childhood vaccination communication outcomes unpacked and organized in a taxonomy to facilitate core outcome establishment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present a comprehensive taxonomy of outcomes for childhood vaccination communication interventions. Adding to our earlier map of trial outcomes, we aimed to (1) identify relevant outcomes not measured in trials, (2) identify outcomes from stakeholder focus groups, and (3) organize outcomes into a taxonomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified additional outcomes from nonvaccination health communication literature and through parent and health care professional focus groups. We organized outcomes into the taxonomy through iterative discussion and informed by organizational principles established by leaders in core outcome research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The taxonomy includes three overarching core areas, divided into eight domains and then into outcomes. Core area one is psychosocial impact, including the domains "knowledge or understanding," "attitudes or beliefs," and "decision-making." Core area two is health impact, covering "vaccination status and behaviors" and "health status and well-being." Core area three is community, social, or health system impact, containing "intervention design and implementation," "community participation," and "resource use."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this taxonomy is the first attempt to conceptualize the range of potential outcomes for vaccination communication. It can be used by researchers selecting outcomes for complex communication interventions. We will also present the taxonomy to stakeholders to establish core outcome domains.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Health Sciences 2 Rm 412, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia. Electronic address: j.kaufman@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Health Sciences 2 Rm 412, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo N-0403, Norway.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glenton
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo N-0403, Norway; Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland; Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bosch-Capblanch
authors.affiliation: International Union for Health Promotion and Education, 42 boulevard de la Libération, Saint-Denis 93203, France.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cartier
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo CP 257, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cliff
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyo-Ita
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo N-0403, Norway.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.affiliation: Provincial Directorate of Health, Av. Samora Machel n(º) 1016 R/C, C.P. N(º) 14, Nampula, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Artur Manuel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Muloliwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Afiong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.affiliation: Evidence Based Health Care Program, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rada
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Health Sciences 2 Rm 412, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D017144:Focus Groups; D058015:Health Communication / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010290:Parents; D014611:Vaccination
keywords: Childhood vaccination; Communication; Core outcome set; Immunization; Outcomes; Taxonomy