title: Resist diabetes: A randomized clinical trial for resistance training maintenance in adults with prediabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a social cognitive theory (SCT)-based intervention improves resistance training (RT) maintenance and strength, and reduces prediabetes prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sedentary, overweight/obese (BMI: 25-39.9 kg/m2) adults aged 50-69 (N = 170) with prediabetes participated in the 15-month trial. Participants completed a supervised 3-month RT (2×/wk) phase and were randomly assigned (N = 159) to one of two 6-month maintenance conditions: SCT or standard care. Participants continued RT at a self-selected facility. The final 6-month period involved no contact. Assessments occurred at baseline and months 3, 9, and 15. The SCT faded-contact intervention consisted of nine tailored transition (i.e., supervised training to training alone) and nine follow-up sessions. Standard care involved six generic follow-up sessions. Primary outcomes were prevalence of normoglycemia and muscular strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The retention rate was 76%. Four serious adverse events were reported. After 3 months of RT, 34% of participants were no longer prediabetic. This prevalence of normoglycemia was maintained through month 15 (30%), with no group difference. There was an 18% increase in the odds of being normoglycemic for each % increase in fat-free mass. Increases in muscular strength were evident at month 3 and maintained through month 15 (P<0.001), which represented improvements of 21% and 14% for chest and leg press, respectively. Results did not demonstrate a greater reduction in prediabetes prevalence in the SCT condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance training is an effective, maintainable strategy for reducing prediabetes prevalence and increasing muscular strength. Future research which promotes RT initiation and maintenance in clinical and community settings is warranted.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01112709.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brenda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Davy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Winett
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savla
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elaina L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Marinik
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mary Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kyle D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tanya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.affiliation: PCR, Inc, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sheila G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Winett
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Soheir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boshra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose