title: Sleep loss and recovery after administration of drugs related to different arousal systems in rats.
abstract: Sleep is homeostatically regulated suggesting a restorative function. Sleep deprivation is compensated by an increase in length and intensity of sleep. In this study, suppression of sleep was induced pharmacologically by drugs related to different arousal systems. All drugs caused non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep loss followed by different compensatory processes. Apomorphine caused a strong suppression of sleep followed by an intense recovery. In the case of fluoxetine and eserine, recovery of NREM sleep was completed by the end of the light phase due to the biphasic pattern demonstrated for these drugs first in the present experiments. Yohimbine caused a long-lasting suppression of NREM sleep, indicating that either the noradrenergic system has the utmost strength among the examined systems, or that restorative functions occurring normally during NREM sleep were not blocked. Arousal systems are involved in the regulation of various wakefulness-related functions, such as locomotion and food intake. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that activation of the different systems results in qualitatively different waking states which might affect subsequent sleep differently. These differences might give some insight into the homeostatic function of sleep in which the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems may play a more important role than previously suggested.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hajnik
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Szalontai
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pethő
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Détári
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: delta homeostasis; freely moving rats; homeostatic sleep regulation; pharmacological sleep deprivation; recovery sleep; sleep rebound