title: Distal impacts of aquarium trade: Exploring the emerging sandhopper (Orchestoidea tuberculata) artisanal shore gathering fishery in Chile.
abstract: Artisanal fishery activities support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Within these fisheries, distal global drivers can promote switching between alternative target resources. These drivers can promote the rapid development of new, unregulated and previously unexploited fisheries that pose a threat to the sustainability of ecosystems. In this paper, we describe a new artisanal shore gathering activity that targets a previously unexploited resource: the sandhopper (Orchestoidea tuberculata). The activity is driven by aquarium trade demand for food. We used mixed methods to describe the activity, assessed basic socio-economic incentives, and estimated Catches per Unit Effort. Results show that the sandhopper plays an important role for the livelihoods of shore gatherers engaged in the activity. Gatherers have adapted and developed two main extraction methods with different degrees of investment and extraction rates. Furthermore, gatherers have developed local knowledge regarding the ecology and management of the resource. Results show that economic incentives can motivate a rapid expansion of this unregulated activity. Future research gaps and management options to address the development of this fishery are discussed in light of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Centro de Conservación Marina, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. stapia@bren.ucsb.edu.|Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, 2400 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5131, USA. stapia@bren.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapia-Lewin
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Centro de Conservación Marina, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.affiliation: Dirección Regional de Pesca de la Región del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Servicio Nacional de Pesca, Evaristo Merino 526, Pichilemu, Chile.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De La Barra
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Centro de Conservación Marina, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.|The Nature Conservancy, Marchant Pereira 367, of. 801, Providencia, 7500557, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Natalio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Centro de Conservación Marina, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Castilla
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Centro de Conservación Marina, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. sgelcich@bio.puc.cl.|Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, 2400 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5131, USA. sgelcich@bio.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gelcich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D005398:Fisheries; D005399:Fishes
keywords: Adaptive capacity; Fishery specialization; Gleaning; New fishery resource; Social–ecological system; Telecoupling