title: Advancing system and policy changes for social and racial justice: comparing a Rural and Urban Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership in the U.S.
abstract: The paper examines the role of community-based participatory research (CBPR) within the context of social justice literature and practice.
  
  
  
  Two CBPR case studies addressing health inequities related to Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease were selected from a national cross-site study assessing effective academic-community research partnerships. One CBPR partnership works with African Americans in rural Pemiscot County, Missouri and the other CBPR partnership works with African American and Latinos in urban South Bronx, New York City. Data collection included semi-structured key informant interviews and focus groups. Analysis focused on partnerships' context/history and their use of multiple justice-oriented strategies to achieve systemic and policy changes in order to address social determinants of health in their communities.
  
  
  
  Community context and history shaped each partnership's strategies to address social determinants. Four social justice approaches (identity/recognition, procedural, distributive, and structural justice) used by both partnerships were identified. These social justice approaches were employed to address underlying causes of inequitable distribution of resources and power structures, while remaining within a scientific research framework.
  
  
  
  CBPR can bridge the role of science with civic engagement and political participation, empowering community members to become political agents who integrate evidence into their social justice organizing strategies.
authors.affiliation: Bronx Health REACH, Institute for Family Health, New York, USA. Carlos.devia49@sphmail.cuny.edu.|School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA. Carlos.devia49@sphmail.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1230-2498
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Devia
authors.affiliation: College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Youngman
authors.affiliation: College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barnidge
authors.affiliation: Bronx Health REACH, Institute for Family Health, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.affiliation: Men on the Move, Saint Louis University, College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, USA.
authors.forename: Freda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Motton
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Bronx Health REACH, Institute for Family Health, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruddock
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicuña
authors.affiliation: Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wallerstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006291:Health Policy; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D009519:New York City; D063505:Racism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012935:Social Justice / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: African American; Chronic Disease; Community-based Participatory Research; Latino/Hispanic; Social Justice