title: A non-target urinary and serum metabolomics strategy reveals therapeutical mechanism of Radix Astragali on adjuvant-induced arthritis rats.
abstract: Radix Astragali has been used traditionally in China to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in formulas. In this paper, we conducted a holistic evaluation of Radix Astragali acted on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats by urinary and serum metabolomic studies. Histological results and hind paw swelling were used to assess the joint damage, while the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA in serum were used to assess inflammation injury and oxidative stress. Metabolomic study and multivariate statistical analyses were used to investigate the differences between different groups. After processing with multivariate statistical analysis, 13 and 21 potential biomarkers were respectively found in urine and serum when Radix Astragali treatment group compared with model group. The main metabolism pathways in which Radix Astragali affected on AIA rats were tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism and so on. The present study demonstrates that urinary and serum metabolomics method could be a potentially powerful tool to understand the holistic therapeutic effect and the mechanisms of herb medicines.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Jiadi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. Electronic address: mslab21@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
authors.forename: Fengrui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. Electronic address: liuzq@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D027885:Astragalus propinquus; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C027492:Huang Qi
keywords: Mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; Radix Astragali; Rheumatoid arthritis