title: Effect of Trajectories of Friends' and Parents' School Involvement on Adolescents' Engagement and Achievement.
abstract: In a sample of 527 academically at-risk youth, we investigated trajectories of friends' and parents' school involvement across ages 12-14 and the joint contributions of these trajectories to adolescents' age 15 school engagement and academic achievement. Girls reported higher levels of friends' and parents' school involvement than boys. Both parents' and friends' school involvement declined across ages 12-14. Combined latent growth models and structural equation models showed effects of the trajectories of friends' and parents' school involvement on adolescents' age 15 school engagement and academic achievement, over and above adolescents' prior performance. These effects were additive rather than interactive. Strategies for enhancing parent involvement in school and students' affiliation with peers who are positively engaged in school are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University and American Institutes for Research.
authors.forename: Myung Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University.
authors.forename: Jan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000076363:Academic Success; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010379:Peer Group; D012574:Schools