title: The Global Network Neonatal Cause of Death algorithm for low-resource settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study estimated the causes of neonatal death using an algorithm for low-resource areas, where 98% of the world's neonatal deaths occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled women in India, Pakistan, Guatemala, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Zambia from 2014 to 2016 and tracked their delivery and newborn outcomes for up to 28 days. Antenatal care and delivery symptoms were collected using a structured questionnaire, clinical observation and/or a physical examination. The Global Network Cause of Death algorithm was used to assign the cause of neonatal death, analysed by country and day of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-third (33.1%) of the 3068 neonatal deaths were due to suspected infection, 30.8% to prematurity, 21.2% to asphyxia, 9.5% to congenital anomalies and 5.4% did not have a cause of death assigned. Prematurity and asphyxia-related deaths were more common on the first day of life (46.7% and 52.9%, respectively), while most deaths due to infection occurred after the first day of life (86.9%). The distribution of causes was similar to global data reported by other major studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Global Network algorithm provided a reliable cause of neonatal death in low-resource settings and can be used to inform public health strategies to reduce mortality.
authors.affiliation: INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Garces
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Wilton
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hambidge
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Carl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Waldemar A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Carlo
authors.affiliation: Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tenge
authors.affiliation: Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esamai
authors.affiliation: KLE University's JN Medical College, Belgaum, India.
authors.forename: Shivaprasad S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Goudar
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India.
authors.forename: Archana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: CIDRZ, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiwila
authors.affiliation: University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Elwyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chomba
authors.affiliation: Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, DRC.
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tshefu
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Derman
authors.affiliation: Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hibberd
authors.affiliation: Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.affiliation: Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Liechty
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauserman
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: NICHD, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koso-Thomas
authors.affiliation: NICHD, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Menachem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miodovnik
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002423:Cause of Death; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Global Network Cause of Death algorithm; Infection; Low- to middle-income countries; Neonatal mortality; Preterm birth