title: Shift schedule, work-family relationships, marital communication, job satisfaction and health among transport service shift workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing research has documented that shiftwork consequences may depend on the shift system parameters. Fast rotating systems (1-3 shifts of the same kind in a row) and day work have been found to be less disruptive biologically and socially than slower rotating systems and afternoon and night work. The aim of this study was to compare day workers and shift workers of different systems in terms of rotation speed and shifts worked with regard to work-family and family-work positive and negative spillover, marital communication style, job satisfaction and health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employees (N = 168) of the maintenance workshops of transportation service working different shift systems (day shift, weekly rotating 2 and 3‑shift system, and fast rotating 3-shift system) participated in the study. They completed the Work- Family Spillover Questionnaire, Marital Communication Questionnaire, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Physical Health Questionnaire (a part of the Standard Shiftwork Index).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The workers of quicker rotating 3-shift systems reported significantly higher scores of family-to-work facilitation (F(3, 165) = 4.175, p = 0.007) and a higher level of constructive style of marital communication (Engagement F(3, 165) = 2.761, p = 0.044) than the workers of slower rotating 2-shift systems. There were no differences between the groups of workers with regard to health and job satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher level of work-family facilitation and a more constructive style of marital communication were found among the workers of faster rotating 3-shift system when compared to the workers of a slower rotating 2-shift system (afternoon, night). This may indicate that the fast rotating shift system in contrary to the slower rotating one is more friendly for the work and family domains and for the relationship between them. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(1):121-131.
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań, Poland (Institute of Psychology). upiskra@cyf-kr.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iskra-Golec
authors.affiliation: University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (Department of Psychology).
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Cracow University, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Psychology and Humanities).
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilczek-Rużyczka
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (Institute of Applied Psychology). patrycja.siemiginowska@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siemiginowska
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (Institute of Applied Psychology). watroba.joanna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wątroba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008283:Maintenance; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D011044:Poland; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: health; job satisfaction; marital communication; shift work; transport service workers; work–family relation