title: High density lipoproteins are modulators of protease activity: Implications in inflammation, complement activation, and atherothrombosis.
abstract: High density lipoproteins (HDL) represent a compositionally diverse population of particles in the circulation, containing a wide variety of lipids and proteins. Gene ontology functional analysis of the 96 commonly identified HDL binding proteins reveals that almost half of these proteins are either proteases or have known roles in protease regulation. Here, we discuss the activities of some of these proteins in regard to their roles in regulating proteases involved in inflammation, coagulation, and complement activation, particularly in the context of atherosclerosis. The overall goal of this review is to discuss potential functional roles of HDL in protease regulatory pathways based on current literature and known functions of HDL binding proteins and to promote the consideration of HDL as a global modulator of proteolytic equilibrium.
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: scott.gordon@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Remaley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D003167:Complement Activation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Coagulation; Complement system; High density lipoprotein; Inflammation; Protease; Protease inhibitor; SERPIN