title: Sleep, Depressive/Anxiety Disorders, and Obesity in Puerto Rican Youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescents from Puerto Rican backgrounds are found to have higher rates of obesity than adolescents from other ethnic groups in the US. The objective of this study is to examine whether sleeping the recommended number of hours and depression or anxiety disorder are independently related to risk for obesity in a sample of Island Puerto Rican adolescents, and whether the association between sleep and obesity is moderated by depression or anxiety disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the study were derived from the third wave of an island wide probability sample of Puerto Rican youth residing on the Island, 10-25 years of age (N = 825), with a response rate of 79.59%. The current study focuses on youth 10 to 19 years of age (n = 436).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this sample, youth who slept less than the recommended number of hours (defined as 7-9 h per night) had a significantly increased risk for obesity and were three times as likely to be obese. Youth who met criteria for a depressive/anxiety disorder were almost 2.5 times as likely to be obese. However, the presence of an anxiety/depressive disorders did not moderate the association between sleeping the recommended number of hours and risk for obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleeping less than the recommended number of hours may be an important risk factor for obesity status in Island Puerto Rican youth. These findings suggest that attention to healthy sleep behaviors and a sleep environment that promotes high quality sleep may be important for Puerto Rican adolescents at risk for obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Bradely/Hasbro Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West, Suite 204, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. Daphne_Koinis-Mitchell@Brown.edu.
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koinis-Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, UPR-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rosario-Matos
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, UPR-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, UPR-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, UPR-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
authors.forename: Glorisa J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Canino
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Obesity risk; Puerto Rican youth; Sleep