title: Role of Serum Adiponectin and Vitamin D in Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The roles of deficient or deranged insulin, adiponectin and 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels regulating food intake, energy metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism and body weight have been reported in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, their congruity in the etiology of diabetes mellitus is unknown. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the roles of these parameters together and to establish their interrelationship in patients with prediabetes and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preliminary cross-sectional study included 77 persons with type 2 diabetes who were matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI); 73 persons with prediabetes; and 52 healthy control subjects. Fasting serum levels of adiponectin, insulin and 25(OH)D were measured by commercially available immune assay kits, and routine biochemical parameters were analyzed in all study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show statistically significant lower levels of serum adiponectin and serum 25(OH)D and higher serum insulin levels in persons with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes with respect to controls. The changes in the serum adiponectin or serum 25(OH)D in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes were found to be inversely correlated with the serum levels of insulin. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis, with 25(OH)D, insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as the variables, revealed that serum adiponectin levels might be an independent risk factor for the progression of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of these hormones might act as a significant predictor of progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Decreased serum adiponectin levels might be an independent risk factor for progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, which may help in developing experimental models of the disease or in identifying biomarkers or disease-modifying drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: anny.banerjee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anindita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Vineet Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Khemka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Debashree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Jit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poddar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Tapan Kumar Sinha
authors.initials: TKS
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India.
authors.forename: Srikanth Arliganur
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Karnam
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25 hydroxy vitamin D; 25–hydroxyvitamine D; adiponectin; adiponectine; diabetes mellitus; diabète sucré; insulin; insulin resistance; insuline; insulinorésistance; prediabetes; prédiabète