title: Transcriptome analysis and identification of induced genes in the response of Harmonia axyridis to cold hardiness.
abstract: Harmonia axyridis is an important predatory lady beetle that is a natural enemy of agricultural and forestry pests. In this research, the cold hardiness induced genes and their expression changes in H. axyridis were screened and detected by the way of the transcriptome and qualitative real-time PCR under normal and low temperatures, using high-throughput transcriptome and digital gene-expression-tag technologies. We obtained a 10Gb transcriptome and an 8Mb gene expression tag pool using Illumina deep sequencing technology and RNA-Seq analysis (accession number SRX540102). Of the 46,980 non-redundant unigenes identified, 28,037 (59.7%) were matched to known genes in GenBank, 21,604 (46.0%) in Swiss-Prot, 19,482 (41.5%) in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and 13,193 (28.1%) in Gene Ontology databases. Seventy-five percent of the unigene sequences had top matches with gene sequences from Tribolium castaneum. Results indicated that 60 genes regulated the entire cold-acclimation response, and, of these, seven genes were always up-regulated and five genes always down-regulated. Further screening revealed that six cold-resistant genes, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, transketolase, trehalase, serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2, glycerol kinase and sugar transporter SWEET1-like, play key roles in the response. Expression from a number of the differentially expressed genes was confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR (HaCS_Trans). The paper attempted to identify cold-resistance response genes, and study the potential mechanism by which cold acclimation enhances the insect's cold endurance. Information on these cold-resistance response genes will improve the development of low-temperature storage technology of natural enemy insects for future use in biological control.
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
authors.forename: Zuo-Kun
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Da
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China. Electronic address: zf6131@263.net.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China. Electronic address: sgwang@mail.hz.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Shi-Gui
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cold hardiness; Cryopreservation; DGE; Harmonia axyridis; Induced gene; Transcriptome