title: Transcriptional alterations induced by binary mixtures of ethinylestradiol and norgestrel during the early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Synthetic estrogens and progestins are commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. After use, they reach aquatic environments via discharge of wastewaters from human and animals, thus posing potential risks to organisms. So far, very little is known about their combined effects in aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of binary mixtures of ethinylestradiol (EE2) and norgestrel (NGT) on embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) by measuring transcriptional alterations. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to EE2 and NGT alone or in combination at concentrations between 36 and 5513ngL-1for 96h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that most of gene transcriptions of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (e.g., Pgr, Mprα, Esr1, Esr2a, Vtg1, Ar, Cyp11b, Star, Gnrh3 and Fshb) and circadian rhythm signaling (e.g., Cry1a, Cry2a, Cry2b, Per3, Arntl1b, Arntl2, Clock1a, Cry3 and Cry4) displayed most pronounced alterations in the mixtures as compared to single EE2 and NGT exposures. This finding suggests exposure to the binary mixtures of EE2 and NGT produced significantly enhanced effects in fish as compared to single chemical exposures, and their coexistence could have significant environmental implications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qiu
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Guo-Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Shuang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre of PRD Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China. Electronic address: guang-guo.ying@gig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Guo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol
keywords: Ethinylestradiol; Gene transcription; Mixture effects; Norgestrel