title: Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit.
abstract: Delirium is characterized by impaired cognition with nonspecific manifestations. In critically ill patients, it may develop secondary to multiple precipitating or predisposing causes. Although it can be a transient and reversible syndrome, its occurrence in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients may be associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction. This condition is often under-recognized by treating physicians, leading to inappropriate management. For appropriate management of delirium, early identification and risk factor assessment are key factors. Multidisciplinary collaboration and standardized care can enhance the recognition of delirium. Interdisciplinary team working, together with updated guideline implementation, demonstrates proven success in minimizing delirium in the ICU. Moreover, should the use of physical restraint be necessary to prevent harm among mechanically ventilated patients, ethical clinical practice methodology must be employed. This traditional narrative review aims to address the presentation, risk factors, management, and ethical considerations in the management of delirium in ICU settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Deaprtment of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Menyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hassani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Gustav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strandvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ahammed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mekkodithal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Insolvisagan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mudali
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Thani
keywords: Delirium; Intensive Care Unit; diagnosis; management; risk factors