title: Comparison of subjective sleep and fatigue in breast- and bottle-feeding mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Artificial milk supplementation remains a popular practice in spite of the well documented and indisputable advantages of breast feeding for both mother and child. However, the association between maternal sleep, fatigue and feeding method is understudied and remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether perceived sleep and fatigue differ between breast- and bottle feeding post partum women. In addition, the relationship between subjective sleep characteristics and fatigue is examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post partum women (four to 16 weeks) filled out a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one within the past week exclusively breast- and 44 exclusively bottle-feeding mothers were included. The first group showed better subjective sleep quality, but lower habitual sleep efficiency as measured by the PSQI. Global PSQI, as well as subjective fatigue and global CIS, did not differ between the two groups. Significant positive correlations were found between global CIS and the number of night feeds and global PSQI. However, only global PSQI significantly predicted global CIS in relation to the number of night feeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within a general pattern of deteriorated sleep quality, breast-feeding women showed better subjective sleep quality, but lower habitual sleep efficiency, between four and fourteen weeks after childbirth. However, the PSQI component scores compensated for each other, resulting in absence of any difference in global PSQI sleep quality between the two groups. Global PSQI significantly predicted global CIS, resulting in an absence of any difference in post partum fatigue according to feeding method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midwives and nurses should, together with the parents, continue to focus on exploring ways to improve maternal sleep quality and to reduce postnatal fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: els.tobback@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tobback
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: katoesjkabehaeghel@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Katoesjka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Behaeghel
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: ignace.hanoulle@telenet.be.
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hanoulle
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: liesbeth.delesie@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delesie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Saint-John Hospital Bruges, Ruddershove 10, B - 8000 Bruges, Belgium. Electronic address: anne.loccufier@azsintjan.be.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loccufier
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: ann.vanholsbeeck@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Holsbeeck
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: dirk.vogelaers@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogelaers
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: an.mariman@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Bottle feeding; Breast feeding; Fatigue; Sleep quality