title: A purified MAA-based ELISA is a useful tool for determining anti-MAA antibody titer with high sensitivity.
abstract: Atherosclerosis is widely accepted to be a chronic inflammatory disease, and the immunological response to the accumulation of LDL is believed to play a critical role in the development of this disease. 1,4-Dihydropyridine-type MAA-adducted LDL has been implicated in atherosclerosis. Here, we have demonstrated that pure MAA-modified residues can be chemically conjugated to large proteins without by-product contamination. Using this pure antigen, we established a purified MAA-ELISA, with which a marked increase in anti-MAA antibody titer was determined at a very early stage of atherosclerosis in 3-month ApoE-/- mice fed with a normal diet. Our methods of Nε-MAA-L-lysine purification and purified antigen-based ELISA will be easily applicable for biomarker-based detection of early stage atherosclerosis in patients, as well as for the development of an adduct-specific Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-based quantification of physiological and pathological levels of MAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Takasumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Leonard B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xianwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Darcy W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Holley
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zhenfa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Chunguang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sohvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hörkkö
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.|McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Monte S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Avram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bultman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000079:Acetaldehyde