title: Sectoral output, energy use, and CO2emission in middle-income countries.
abstract: Middle-income countries are currently undergoing massive structural changes towards more industrialized economies. In this paper, we carefully examine the impact of these transformations on the environmental quality of middle-income countries. Specifically, we examine the role of sector value addition to GDP on CO2emission nexus for middle-income economies controlling for the effects of population growth, energy use, and trade openness. Using recently developed panel methods that consider cross-sectional dependence and allow for heterogeneous slope coefficients, we show that energy use and growth of industrial and service sectors positively explain CO2emissions in middle-income economies. We also find that population growth is insignificantly associated with CO2emission. Hence, our paper provides a solid ground for developing a sustainable and pro-growth policy for middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kazi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sohag
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Finance, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.|East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Mamun
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gazi Salah
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden. ali.ahmed@liu.se.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004777:Environment; D007221:Industry; D011158:Population Growth
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: CO2 emission; Energy use; Middle-income countries; Output; Trade