title: Chemical Characterization of Mainstream Smoke from SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to characterize mainstream smoke constituent deliveries from SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes under 2 machine smoking regimens. SPECTRUM cigarettes are manufactured by the 22nd Century company for the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health to contain varying (including reduced) levels of nicotine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mainstream smoke constituent deliveries of "tar," nicotine, carbon monoxide, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)), benzo[a]pyrene, aromatic amines, and carbonyls were analyzed in 23 varieties of SPECTRUM cigarettes using ISO 17025 accredited methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data are presented as means and standard deviations of 5 replicates for all analytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the ISO smoking regimen, mean levels of many smoke emissions for SPECTRUM varieties were comparable to the 3R4F research cigarette. Calculated SPECTRUM elasticity ranged from 1.6 to 4.0. Accordingly, under intense machine smoking conditions differences in emissions of SPECTRUM cigarettes were apparent. In addition, NNN increased with smoke nicotine while the same rate of change was not seen for NNK. It is important to monitor levels of chemicals of public health concern and regulatory interest as technologies emerge to reduce levels of nicotine or other targeted chemicals in tobacco products.
authors.affiliation: Team Lead, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Yan S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Deputy Branch Chief, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hearn
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Team Lead, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Xizheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Shakia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Chemist, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larango
authors.affiliation: Lab Chief, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentín-Blasini
authors.affiliation: Lab Director, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Clifford H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Watson
keywords: BaP; TSNA; aromatic amines; carbonyls; cigarette mainstream smoke; nicotine; tar