title: Washless Method Enables Multilayer Coating of an Aggregation-Prone Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System with Enhanced Yields, Colloidal Stability, and Scalability.
abstract: Aggregation is frequently encountered during coating nanoparticles, especially when the core is not solid and the coating polyelectrolytes are weak. Here, the coating of a nanoliposome with two weak polyelectrolytes, alginate and chitosan, is investigated. First, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses confirm the feasibility of firm adsorption of up to 16 layers of weak polyelectrolytes to the liposomal surface. Titrations are then performed to identify the lowest amounts of polyelectrolytes required to make eight saturated coating layers using the washless method. Significantly improved yields and reproducibility (almost 100%) are achieved, in addition to control over layer thickness. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirm the success of layering. This is special since scientists always attempt to reduce nanoparticle aggregation by substituting the soft core, using one strong polyelectrolyte, or contending with lower yields or numbers of coating layers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 740-ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Lamees
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nayef
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 740-ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castiello
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 740-ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775-rue University Room 313/308B, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabrizian
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000648:ultrastructure; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003102:Colloids; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008081:Liposomes; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: aggregation; layer-by-layer self-assembled coating; liposomes; nanoparticle; polyelectrolyte multilayer films