title: Abscisic acid, sucrose, and auxin coordinately regulate berry ripening process of the Fujiminori grape.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose, and auxin on grape fruit development and to assess the mechanism of these three factors on the grape fruit ripening process. Different concentrations of ABA, sucrose, and auxin were used to treat the grape fruit, and the ripening-related indices, such as physiological and molecular level parameters, were analyzed. The activity of BG protein activity was analyzed during the fruit development. Sucrose, ABA, and auxin influenced the grape fruit sugar accumulation in different ways, as well as the volatile compounds, anthocyanin content, and fruit firmness. ABA and sucrose induced, but auxin blocked, the ripening-related gene expression levels, such as softening genes PE, PG, PL, and CELL, anthocyanin genes DFR, CHI, F3H, GST, CHS, and UFGT, and aroma genes Ecar, QR, and EGS. ABA, sucrose, and glucose induced the fruit dry weight accumulation, and auxin mainly enhanced fruit dry weight through seed weight accumulation. In the early development of grape, starch was the main energy storage; in the later, it was glucose and fructose. Sucrose metabolism pathway-related gene expression levels were significant for glucose and fructose accumulation. BG protein activity was important in the regulation of grape ABA content levels. ABA plays a core role in the grape fruit development; sucrose functions in fruit development through two pathways: one was ABA dependent, the other ABA independent. Auxin blocked ABA accumulation to regulate the fruit development process.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. Jiahaifeng@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lingfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shangguan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongjie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. Fanggg@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinggui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D063245:Plant Development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013395:Sucrose; D000040:Abscisic Acid
keywords: ABA; Grape berry ripening; IAA; Sucrose; β-Glucosidase