title: The Evolution of the Journal Club: From Osler to Twitter.
abstract: Journal clubs have typically been held within the walls of academic institutions and in medicine have served the dual purpose of fostering critical appraisal of literature and disseminating new findings. In the last decade and especially the last few years, online and virtual journal clubs have been started and are flourishing, especially those harnessing the advantages of social media tools and customs. This article reviews the history and recent innovations of journal clubs. In addition, the authors describe their experience developing and implementing NephJC, an online nephrology journal club conducted on Twitter.
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Topf
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oaklawn, IL.
authors.forename: Edgar V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lerma
authors.affiliation: John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospital Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew P M
authors.initials: MPM
authors.lastname: Graham-Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madariaga
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iannuzzella
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Michelle N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rheault
authors.affiliation: UCL Centre for Nephrology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oates
authors.affiliation: Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY.
authors.forename: Kenar D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Jhaveri
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. Electronic address: shiremath@toh.ca.
authors.forename: Swapnil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiremath
mesh_terms: D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D009398:Nephrology / Q000193:education*; D010380:Peer Review; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D061108:Social Media
keywords: Journal club; NephJC; Twitter; continuing education; discussion forum; literature appraisal; medical education; microblogging; nephrology; nephrology training; new media; online tools; postpublication peer review; professional development; social media