title: Effects of aerobic exercise training on ACE and ADRB2 gene expression, plasma angiotensin II level, and flow-mediated dilation: a study on obese postmenopausal women with prehypertension.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 10 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIET) on blood pressure (BP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene expression in leukocytes, plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in obese postmenopausal women (PMW) with prehypertension.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four obese prehypertensive PMW (aged 50-70 y; body mass index ≥30 kg/m) randomly assigned to control (n = 12) and exercise (n = 12) groups. Exercise group performed MIET (25-40 min/d, 3 d/wk at 50%-70% of heart rate reserve) for 10 weeks. Control group maintained their normal daily physical activity level. Body composition, VO2max, BP, ACE and ADRB2 gene expression, plasma Ang II, and FMD were measured before and after the training program.
  
  
  
  After MIET, systolic and diastolic BPs decreased by 4.6% and 2.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Plasma Ang II level decreased by 45.7%, whereas FMD increased by 86% in the exercise group (P < 0.001). Exercise training resulted in a threefold increase in ADRB2 and a fourfold decrease in ACE gene expressions (P < 0.05). Training-induced changes in BP inversely associated with the changes in FMD and ADRB2 (r values range -0.55 to -0.78), and positively associated with Ang II and ACE (r values range 0.68-0.86) (P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  Ten weeks of MIET modulates ACE and ADRB2 gene expression, decreases Ang II plasma levels, and improves endothelial function in obese PMW, and these alterations are associated with reduction in BP.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Nutrition and Metabolism in Exercise, Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey2Department of Physiotherapy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran3Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Noushin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azadpour
authors.forename: Bakhtyar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tartibian
authors.forename: Şükran Nazan
authors.initials: ŞN
authors.lastname: Koşar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C553443:ADRB2 protein, human; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2