title: Effects of a lipid-based nutrient supplement during pregnancy and lactation on maternal plasma fatty acid status and lipid profile: Results of two randomized controlled trials.
abstract: It is unknown whether a novel small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) containing alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acids impacts maternal plasma lipids and fatty acid status. We measured plasma fatty acids (wt%) and lipid concentrations at 36 wk gestation and breast milk fatty acids (wt%) at 6 months postpartum in a subsample of women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial studying the effects of SQ-LNS on birth outcomes and child growth. Women≤20 wk gestation in Ghana (n=1,320) and Malawi (n=1,391) were assigned to receive daily either: 1) iron-folic acid (pregnancy); 2) multiple micronutrients (pregnancy and lactation); or 3) SQ-LNS (pregnancy and lactation). At 36 wk, plasma ALA levels were higher in those receiving SQ-LNS. SQ-LNS increased breast milk ALA in Ghana but not Malawi. There was no effect on plasma lipids or other selected fatty acids. SQ-LNS may impact plasma and breast milk ALA levels depending on the population.
authors.affiliation: Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: boaks@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Brietta M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Oaks
authors.affiliation: Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adu-Afarwuah
authors.affiliation: Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ashorn
authors.affiliation: OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lartey
authors.affiliation: University of Malawi College of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maleta
authors.affiliation: Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okronipa
authors.affiliation: University of Malawi College of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadalaki
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lacey M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Baldiviez
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Setti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahab-Ferdows
authors.affiliation: Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashorn
authors.affiliation: Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dewey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005865:Gestational Age; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000097:blood*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008295:Malawi; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D018977:Micronutrients; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D005492:Folic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Cholesterol; Lactation; Lipids; Omega-3 fatty acids; Pregnancy; Supplementation