title: Ethnobotanical survey of herbal tea plants from the traditional markets in Chaoshan, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herbal tea, which refers to "cooling tea", "cool beverage", or "liáng chá" in China, includes a range of drinks with heat-clearing and detoxification qualities. Herbal tea plants are great contributive to the health and prosperity of Chaoshan people. The aim of the study was to document herbal tea plant species used and commercialized as "liáng chá" in Chaoshan area, to facilitate the use and development of herbal tea enterprises, and to promote the further development of national herbal tea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information and data were obtained from all 83 stall holders in 12 traditional markets, semi-structured informant interviews were carried out individually with the stall holders, 10 questions were asked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 186 species of herbal tea plants belonging to 65 families and 156 genera were indicated by 83 stall holders, with Asteraceae being the most prevalent family with 22 species. Herbs are main sources of herbal tea plants in Chaoshan area, with whole plants (97 species) being the most used parts. Herbal drinks are mostly consumed for heat-clearing and detoxification, and a large number of plant species were reported to treat coughs, colds, dysentery, dampness and sore throats. The most cited species were Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. (47 times mentioned), Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (46), Plantago asiatica L. (43), Houttuynia cordata Thunb (42), Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (36), Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. (35) and Morus alba L. (31), and 5 protected species were recorded in the list of the nationally protected species of China: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (J. E. Smith) Lindl. and Pholidota chinensis Lindl. The selling price of most fresh herbal tea plants in the market varied from￥10-16/kg, with the profit margin of sales ranging from 12.5% to 20%. The consumption of herbal tea for one family costs about ￥3-5/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chaoshan herbal teas, prepared by diverse plant species, are regarded as a long tradition inseparable part in daily life of local people. Although they can effectively prevent and treat different kinds of diseases, they are not suitable for everyone (e.g. the elderly, children, and pregnant or breastfeeding women), even in healthy people, improper use of herbal tea can lead to physical discomfort. Furthermore, in order to appropriately understand the function, efficacy, and safety of herbal tea plants, additional research of traditional practices and phytochemistry, nutrient, physiological and toxicity properties should be analyzed.
authors.affiliation: South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Lin
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wanning 571533, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Henan University of Ubern Construction, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Hua
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China. Electronic address: xinfw@scib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Fu-Wu
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002681:China; D019448:Ethnobotany; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D028321:Plant Preparations; D010944:Plants / Q000145:classification*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Chaoshan people; Herbal tea plants; Traditional knowledge; Traditional market