title: Direct and label-free influenza virus detection based on multisite binding to sialic acid receptors.
abstract: A system to discriminate human or avian influenza A remains a highly sought-after tool for prevention of influenza pandemics in humans. Selective binding of the influenza A viral hemagglutinin (HA) to specific sialic acid (SA) receptors (Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal in humans, Neu5Acα(2-3)Gal in birds) is determined by the genotype of the HA and neuraminidase (NA) segments, making it one of the key characteristics that distinguishes human or avian influenza A virus. Here we demonstrate the direct detection of whole H1N1 influenza A virus using 6'-sialyllactose (Neu5Acα(2-6)Galβ(1-4)Glc, 6SL)-immobilized gold electrodes as biosensing surfaces. The sensitivity was higher than that of conventional immunochromatographic technique (ICT) for influenza virus and not restricted by genetic drift. The label-free detection technology via direct attachment of a whole virus using a chemically modified electrode is a promising means to provide a simple and rapid diagnostic system for viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan. Electronic address: miyahara.bsr@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyahara
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C403777:6'-sialyllactose; D006046:Gold; D007785:Lactose
keywords: Biointerface; Biosensor; Influrenza virus; Label-free; Molecular recognition