title: Gold nanoparticle interactions in human blood: a model evaluation.
abstract: In this study, we investigated gold nanoparticle (AuNP) interactions in blood using thromboelastography as a rapid screening tool to monitor their influence on blood coagulation. 1.2 nM colloidal AuNPs ranging from 12 to 85 nm have no effect in the blood, however, 5 nM AuNPs demonstrate pro-thrombogenic concentration dependent effects with a reduction in clot formation. Size effects exhibit a non-linear trend with 45 and 85 nm particles resulting in a faster pro-thrombotic response. Clot strength decreased with AuNP size with the greatest reduction with 28 nm particles. We assessed AuNP interactions in the blood focusing on their biological activity. AuNP-RGD possessed pro-coagulant activities, while PEG-thiol, human fibrinogen and clopidogrel prevented blood clot formation and influenced platelet activity, and were more efficient when bound to nanocarriers than unbound ligands. Such tests could fill the knowledge gaps in thrombogenicity of NPs between in vitro test methods and predict in vivo haemocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K.
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ajdari
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Cian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology, University College London, U.K.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bogan
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, U.K.
authors.forename: Bashir A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lwaleed
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology, University College London, U.K.. Electronic address: brian.cousins@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Cousins
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D003029:Coagulants / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013916:Thrombelastography
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D003029:Coagulants; D008024:Ligands; D006046:Gold
keywords: Blood coagulation; Gold nanoparticles; Haemocompatibility; Protein corona; Thromboelastography; Thrombogenicity