title: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although pregnancy-related deaths are rare in the USA, they are on the rise and have more than doubled in the last 20 years. A substantial portion of these deaths are related to cardiovascular disease, specifically hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). In this review, we will discuss the definitions and proposed pathophysiology of HDP as well as its potential role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placental hypoperfusion may lead to an imbalance in proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, notably an increase in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinsase-1 (sFlt-1), thereby leading to endothelial dysfunction. Progress has been made in terms of determining the factors which lead to preeclampsia. Potential novel biomarkers for predicting preeclampsia risk have been identified through this research. Preeclampsia not only has important implications for the health during pregnancy but also for future cardiovascular risk. However, the exact mechanism by which it increases cardiovascular risk and the degree of risk it portends are yet to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. snaderi@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Gestational hypertension; Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; Preeclampsia