title: Enhanced Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes, Defense Proteins and Leghemoglobin in Rhizobium-Free Cowpea Roots after Challenging withMeloydogine incognita.
abstract: The root knot nematodes (RKN),Meloydoginespp., particularlyMeloidogyne incognitaandMeloidogyne javanicaspecies, parasitize several plant species and are responsible for large annual yield losses all over the world. Only a few available chemical nematicides are still authorized for RKN control owing to environmental and health reasons. Thus, plant resistance is currently considered the method of choice for controlling RKN, and research performed on the molecular interactions between plants and nematodes to identify genes of interest is of paramount importance. The present work aimed to identify the differential accumulation of root proteins of a resistant cowpea genotype (CE-31) inoculated withM. incognita(Race 3) in comparison with mock-inoculated control, using 2D electrophoresis assay, mass spectrometry identification and gene expression analyses by RT-PCR. The results showed that at least 22 proteins were differentially represented in response to RKN challenge of cowpea roots mainly within 4-6 days after inoculation. Amongst the up-represented proteins were SOD, APX, PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinases, cysteine protease, secondary metabolism enzymes, key enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, proteins involved in MAPK pathway signaling and, surprisingly, leghemoglobin in non-rhizobium-bacterized cowpea. These findings show that an important rearrangement in the resistant cowpea root proteome occurred following challenge withM. incognita.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. jtaolive@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Jose T A
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoro 59610-210, Brazil. heliofilho10@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Jose H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Araujo-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. thalles@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Thalles B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Grangeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. darcymayra@hotmail.com.|University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. darcymayra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Darcy M F
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gondim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil. jsegalin@inmetro.rs.gov.br.
authors.forename: Jeferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segalin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Rio Grande do Sul, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil. paulomarcospinto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil. ccarlini@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Celia R R S
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Carlini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. fredydavi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fredy D A
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. marinadplobo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marina D P
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. costajhe@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Jose H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Brazil. imvasco@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Ilka M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
keywords: Meloidogyne incognita; cowpea; defense proteins; plant proteomics