title: Influence of salivary parameters in the caries development in orthodontic patients-an observational clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown during the orthodontic treatment, the prevalence of active caries lesions (ACL) in 30 to 70% of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary properties considering caries development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty two individuals (11-22 years) were assessed regarding caries, oral hygiene, sugar exposure, salivary flow rate (SFR), buffering capacity, pH, carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) and amylase activity, at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months after the orthodontic appliances placement. Caries index was determined by Nyvad criteria. CA VI and amylase activities were performed by zymography and ELISA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Buffering capacity decreased after 3 months (P < 0.0001) and showed positive correlation with pH at baseline and after 1 month in individuals who did not develop active caries lesions. Amylase activity decreased after 1 and 6 months (P = 0.0003) and presented positive correlation with CA VI in patients who developed ACL. SFR increased after 1 month (P = 0.0283) and showed positive correlation with CA VI activity after 3 months in individuals who did not develop ACL. Salivary pH showed negative correlation with CA VI after 1 month in patients who did not develop ACL. ACL were firstly diagnosed after 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that saliva of individuals under orthodontic treatment is subjected to changes in properties that have implications on the onset of ACL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenita M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steiner-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marinês
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nobre-Dos-Santos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D000073417:Dietary Sugars; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D014070:Tooth / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000073417:Dietary Sugars; D000681:Amylases; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; C477051:carbonic anhydrase VI