title: The microbiome and systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: The microbiota, which is comprised of the collective of all microbes inhabiting the gut and its effect on the human host in which it resides, has become a growing field of interest. Various parameters of health and disease have been found to be associated with the variation in the human gut microbiome. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated an important role of gut microbes in the development of various illnesses including autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Although the mechanism of the disease involves both genetic and environmental factors, lupus has been found to be affected by the composition of the microbes lining the intestines. Several recent studies have suggested that alterations of the gut microbial composition may be correlated with SLE disease manifestations, while the exact roles of either symbiotic or pathogenic microbes in this disease have yet to be explored. Elucidation of the roles of gut microbes in SLE will shed light on how this autoimmune disorder develops and provide opportunities for improved biomarkers of the disease and the potential to probe new therapies. This new knowledge, along with that enabling alteration in composition of the gut microbiome, via diet modification, antibiotic, and probiotics, may bring forward a new era in the future of lupus treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Houston, Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katz-Agranov
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel. goddard@wmc.gov.il.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. goddard@wmc.gov.il.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zandman-Goddard
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015551:Autoimmunity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004035:Diet Therapy; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Dysbiosis; Gut; Lupus; Microbiota; SLE