title: Transcriptome profile of the human placenta.
abstract: The human placenta is a particular organ that inseparably binds the mother and the fetus. The proper development and survival of the conceptus relies on the essential interplay between maternal and fetal factors involved in cooperation within the placenta. In our study, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to analyze the global transcriptome of the human placenta during uncomplicated pregnancies. The RNA-seq was utilized to identify the global pattern of the gene expression in placentas (N = 4) from women in single and twin pregnancies. During analyses, we obtained 228,044 transcripts. More than 91% of them were multi-exon, and among them 134 were potentially unknown protein coding genes. Expression levels (FPKM) were estimated for 38,948 transcriptional active regions, and more than 3000 of genes were expressed with FPKM >20 in each sample. Additionally, all unannotated transcripts with estimated FPKM values were localized on the human genome. Highly covered splice junctions unannotated in the human genome (6497) were identified, and among them 30 were novel. To gain a better understanding of the biological implications, the assembled transcripts were annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms. Single nucleotide variants were predicted for the transcripts assigned to each analyzed GO category. Our results may be useful for establishing a general pattern of the gene expression in the human placenta. Characterizing placental transcriptome, which is crucial for a pregnancy's outcome, can serve as a basis for identifying the mechanisms underlying physiological pregnancy, as well as may be useful for an early detection of the genomic defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland. marta.majewska@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-6929
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodleglosci Str 44, 10-045, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipka
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paukszto
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan Pawel
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jastrzebski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Myszczynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodleglosci Str 44, 10-045, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gowkielewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodleglosci Str 44, 10-045, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jozwik
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz Krzysztof
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Majewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin / Q000235:genetics; D012326:RNA Splicing; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: Human; Placenta; RNA-seq; Transcriptome