title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Approaches.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases, most commonly categorized as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiopathogenesis is multifactorial with different environmental, genetic, immune mediated, and gut microbial factors playing important role. The current goals of therapy are to improve clinical symptoms, control inflammation, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Different therapeutic agents, with their indications, mechanisms of action, and side effects are discussed in this chapter. Anti-integrin therapy, a newer therapeutic class, with its potential beneficial role in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is also mentioned. In the end, therapeutic algorithms for both diseases are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Bincy P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Tasneem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. drtauseef@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tauseef
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016023:Integrins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013812:Therapeutics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D016023:Integrins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Adaptive immunity; Anti integrins; Anti-TNF drugs; Biologics; Corticosteroids; Crohn’s disease; Immunomodulators; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Innate immunity; Mesalamine; Ulcerative colitis