title: Recognizing and Reducing the Risk of Opioid Misuse in Orthopaedic Practice.
abstract: Orthopaedic surgeons often treat patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. This musculoskeletal pain is increasingly being treated with opioid medications, contributing to the growing opioid epidemic in the United States. Opioid use and abuse before orthopaedic surgery are associated with worse clinical outcomes. This article reviews the risk factors for opioid use, misuse, and other behaviors in chronic pain patients, discusses the screening tools for opioid misuse in chronic pain patients, and provides recommendations for the orthopaedic surgeon's role in managing these complicated patients.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C Lowry
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009985:Orthopedics; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid