title: Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of syzigium cumini for its antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic properties in diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet-Role of PPARγ and PPARα.
abstract: In India syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is commonly used traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The present study was undertaken to assess an investigation of antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic properties of aqueous extract of Syzigium Cumini (SC) in diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet. The aqueous extract of SC was screened for antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity by streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Animals were treated with 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of SC. Metformin were used as reference antihyperglycemic drugs for comparison. Administration of aqueous extract of SC or metformin for 21days resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum glucose, insulin and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with diabetic controls. Treatment with 100mg/kg/day aqueous extract of SC did not result in a significant reduction in serum insulin levels, but 200mg/kg/day and 400mg/kg/day, aqueous extract of SC and metformin showed significant reductions 17.89%, 19.60% and 24.40%, respectively. Furthermore, administration of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day, aqueous extract of SC and metformin resulted in significant decrease in insulin resistance of 19.20%, 41.59%, 51.55% and 68.68%, respectively. In high fat diet- streptozotocin (HFD - STZ) treated rats β-cells function (HOMA-B) were markedly reduced (5.8-fold), however observed a significant (P<0.01) improvement of β-cell function with aqueous extract of SC (400mg/kg/day) and metformin. The aqueous extract of SC seeds exhibits significant insulin-sensitizing, antidyslipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and β-cell salvaging activity in HFD-STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats via overexpression of PPARγ and PPARα activity, affirming its potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Further isolation and characterization of active components in SC seed extract are needed to explore the other possible mechanisms and pathways that are involved in its anti-diabetic effect.
authors.affiliation: Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201001, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Sachchidanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Jaipur National University, Delhi-Agra bypass, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: gauravpharma25@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201001, India.
authors.forename: Satish Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201001, India.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dua
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008687:Metformin
keywords: Antidiabetic; Antidyslipidemic; Metformin; Streptozotocin; Syzigium cumini