title: [Cytological evaluation of urothelial damage in extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study proposed a technique for early detection of the damaging effect of shock waves on the urinary tract tissues, for monitoring the state of urothelial cells in the early post-procedure period and choosing an adequate method for preventing and managing possible complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study analyzed the urine samples of 300 patients aged 20 to 50 years, who for the first time underwent ESWL for kidney stones. The urine sediment smears were fixed in the May-Grunwald stain and stained with azure eosin solution according to Pappenheim. Besides evaluating general cytologic characteristics, a morphometric examination of urine sediment was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To define quantitative parameters, the total number of epithelial cells (ep) was determined with further calculation of the mean number of epithelial cells in the field of view (ep= ep/10). Correlation between the number of abnormal epithelial cells (cp) and the total number of epithelial cells (ep) was analyzed. The resulted "destruction index" (DI) was the "pool" of all cytopathological changes in epithelial cells DI = cp/ep. Immediately after ESWL, DI markedly increased with significant difference (<0.05) in numeric values. Two hours after the procedure, the DI reduced compared to the previous value. And only at day 4 DI was close to the norm, although remaining somewhat elevated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracorporeal shock waves lithotripsy produces the acute urothelial damage resulting in cytopathological changes of varying severity. The above-mentioned technique provides objective and highly significant clinical and diagnostic information on the state of the urothelium after the exposure to shock waves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Andrology, Yerevan M. Heratsi State Medical University.|Urology Clinic, Izmirlyan Medical Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grabsky
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Izmirlyan Medical Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Manukyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Andrology, Yerevan M. Heratsi State Medical University.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Muradyan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: extracorporeal lithotripsy; shock waves; urinary stone disease; urine cytology; urolithiasis; urothelial destruction