title: Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro.
abstract: This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. The coconut residue was defatted and extracted to obtain the crude polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties were determined. The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. The product was then subjected to artificial human gastric juice treatment to determine digestibility. Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namelyLactobacillus caseiShirota andLactobacillus bulgaricuswere included in this study. It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). The percentage of crude polysaccharides extracted was 0.73 ± 0.04. The two fractions of monosaccharides obtained were glucose and fructose. Total carbohydrate content of DCR was 13.35% (w/v). The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained was 20.71%. Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1(amide I) and 1530 cm-1(amide II). DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. The product was found to markedly stimulate two tested probiotics to proliferate and produce organic acids. All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics.
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nur 'Ain Najwa
authors.initials: N'N
authors.lastname: Mohd Nor
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasiliasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Nazrim
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Marikkar
authors.affiliation: Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Arbakariya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ariff
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mehrnoush
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amid
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.|Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Dhilia Udie
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Lamasudin
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.|Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Yazid
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Abdul Manap
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.|Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shuhaimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustafa
keywords: Coconut residue; Polysaccharides; Prebiotic potential; Probiotic proliferation