title: Early Removal of Double-J Stents Decreases Urinary Tract Infections in Living Donor Renal Transplantation: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal timing for stent removal after renal transplantation remains controversial. This article describes an interim analysis of a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial aimed at detecting differences in urological complications between early ureteral stent removal at 1 week and routine ureteral stent removal at 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2010 and March 2015, 103 patients who underwent living donor renal transplantation at a single center were pre-operatively randomly assigned to the early ureteral stent removal (at 1 week) group or the routine ureteral stent removal (at 4 weeks) group. Urinary symptoms, auxiliary examination results, and obstruction events were recorded during 3 months of follow-up. A cost analysis of both the hospitalization and postoperative periods was discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 52 patients in the 1-week stent group and 51 patients in the 4-week stent group were analyzed. No serious adverse events were reported. Three episodes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurred in the 1-week stent group, and 18 such episodes were recorded in the 4-week stent group (5.8% vs 29.4%; P = .002). After adjusting for age, sex, ischemia time, renal artery number, body mass index, multiple arteries, and associated medical illness, regression analysis indicated that only stent duration was associated with UTI (OR, 8.791; 95% CI, 1.984-38.943; P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study demonstrate that ureteral stent removal at 1 week reduces the risk of UTIs compared with routine removal at 4 weeks. Similar effects of ureteral stent removal on complication rates are observed for these two removal times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hainan Branch of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya City, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: jdong@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*