title: Attempts to Overcome Remyelination Failure: Toward Opening New Therapeutic Avenues for Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system that results in destruction of the myelin sheath wrapped around the axons and eventual axon degeneration. The disease is pathologically heterogeneous; however, perhaps its most frustrating aspect is the lack of efficient regenerative response for remyelination. Current treatment strategies are based on anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory medications that have the potential to reduce the numbers of newly evolving lesions. However, therapies are still required that can repair already damaged myelin for which current treatments are not effective. A prerequisite for the development of such new treatments is understanding the reasons for insufficient endogenous repair. This review briefly summarizes the currently suggested causes of remyelination failure in MS and possible solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motavaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadeghizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. mjavan@modares.ac.ir.|Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. mjavan@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000074586:Remyelination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Demyelination; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin repair; Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; Remyelination failure