title: Beneficial effects of exercise on offspring obesity and insulin resistance are reduced by maternal high-fat diet.
abstract: METHODS
  We investigated the long-term effects of maternal high-fat consumption and post-weaning exercise on offspring obesity susceptibility and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6J dams were fed either a high-fat (HFD, 40% kcal fat) or low-fat (LFD, 10% kcal fat) semi-synthetic diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring of both maternal diet groups (mLFD; mHFD) received a LFD. At week 7, half of the mice got access to a running wheel (+RW) as voluntary exercise training. To induce obesity, all offspring groups (mLFD +/-RW and mHFD +/-RW) received HFD from week 15 until week 25.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to mLFD, mHFD offspring were more prone to HFD-induced body fat gain and exhibited an increased liver mass which was not due to increased hepatic triglyceride levels. RW improved the endurance capacity in mLFD, but not in mHFD offspring. Additionally, mHFD offspring +RW exhibited higher plasma insulin levels during glucose tolerance test and an elevated basal pancreatic insulin production compared to mLFD offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, maternal HFD reduced offspring responsiveness to the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise training regarding the improvement of endurance capacity, reduction of fat mass gain, and amelioration of HFD-induced insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasch
authors.affiliation: Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-142X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.affiliation: Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanzleiter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*