title: Enterococcus duransEP1 a Promising Anti-inflammatory Probiotic Able to Stimulate sIgA and to IncreaseFaecalibacterium prausnitziiAbundance.
abstract: Enterococcusspecies, principallyEnterococcus faeciumare used as probiotics since a long time with preference in animal applications but safety considerations were updated and also new uses as probiotics can be envisaged. FifteenEnterococcusstrains isolated from different foods were identified and analyzed for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. ThreeEnterococcus duransstrains were selected to study their immunomodulatory properties on PBMC and Caco2 cells. Two strains presented a profile toward a mild inflammatory Th1 response considering TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-10 cytokines ratios. The third strain EP1, presented an anti-inflammatory potential and was selected forin vivostudies. In mice, the strain was well tolerated and did not cause any adverse effects. EP1 administration increased the amount of IgA+ cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) after 7 days of administration. In fecal samples, the IgA content increased gradually and significantly from day 7 to day 21 in treated group. Additionally, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CXCL1 gene expression significantly decreased on day 21 in Peyer's patches and IL-17 decreased in MLN. Mice treated with the probiotic showed significant lower mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mucins in the ileum at day 7 while their expression was normalized at day 21. Colonic expression of il-1β, il6, and mucins remain diminished at day 21. Ileum and colon explants from treated mice stimulatedin vitrowith LPS showed a significant reduction in IL-6 and an increase in IL-10 secretion suggesting anin vivoprotective effect of the probiotic treatment against a proinflammatory stimulus. Interestingly, analysis of feces microbiota demonstrated that EP1 administration increase the amount ofFaecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacteria, which is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, we demonstrated that EP1 strain is a strong sIgA inducer and possess mucosal anti-inflammatory properties. This strain also modulates gut microbiota increasingFaecalibacterium prausnitzii, a functionally important bacterium. Thus,E. duransEP1 is not only a good candidate to increasesF. prausnitziiin some cases of dysbiosis but can also be interesting in gut inflammatory disorders therapy.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carasi
authors.affiliation: UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France.
authors.forename: Silvia María
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Racedo
authors.affiliation: UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacquot
authors.affiliation: UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elie
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: María de Los Ángeles
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Serradell
authors.affiliation: UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Urdaci
keywords: Enterococcus durans; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; IgA; anti-inflammatory; probiotic