title: Sunflower cake with or without enzymatic complex for broiler chickens feeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to evaluate the sunflower cake and enzymatic complex fed to broilers from 22 to 42 d of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a completely randomized design, a total of 850 birds were allotted in a 2×5 factorial scheme (with and without enzymatic complex) and five inclusion levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of sunflower cake. There were 5 replications and 17 birds in each experimental unit. Data from performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphology were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feed intake, weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio linearly worsened as sunflower cake increased. For weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio, the birds whose diets contained levels of 15% and 20% of sunflower cake showed worse values (p<0.05) than the birds fed the control diet. When fed the enzymatic complex, birds improved (p<0.05) crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. As inclusion levels of sunflower cake increased, villus depth and villus:crypt ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum linearly reduced and the crypt depth linearly increased. Carcass yield linearly reduced as sunflower cake increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on performance, sunflower cake can be used up to 10% in broilers feeding from 21 to 42 days of age.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, Federal University of South Rio Grande, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berwanger
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, State University of West Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Vianna
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, State University of South Mato Grosso, Aquidauana, MS 79200-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Junior
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Pasquetti
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alice Eiko
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taciana Maria Moraes
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, State University of West Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas Fernando
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bayerle
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, State University of West Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frank
keywords: Broilers; Carcass Yield; Enzymes; Intestinal Morphometry; Performance; Sunflower Cake