title: MicroRNAs: effective elements in ear-related diseases and hearing loss.
abstract: miRNAs are important factors for post-transcriptional process that controls gene expression at mRNA level. Various biological processes, including growth and differentiation, are regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs have been demonstrated to play an essential role in development and progression of hearing loss. Nowadays, miRNAs are known as critical factors involved in different physiological, biological, and pathological processes, such as gene expression, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, age-related hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss, cholesteatoma, schwannomas, and inner ear inflammation. The miR-183 family (miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182) is expressed abundantly in some types of sensory cells in inner ear specially mechanosensory hair cells that exhibit a great expression level of this family. The plasma levels of miR-24-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-185-5p, and miR-451a were upregulated during noise exposures, and increased levels of miR-21 have been found in vestibular schwannomas and human cholesteatoma. In addition, upregulation of pro-apoptotic miRNAs and downregulation of miRNAs which promote differentiation and proliferation in age-related degeneration of the organ of Corti may potentially serve as a helpful biomarker for the early detection of age-related hearing loss. This knowledge represents miRNAs as promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.|Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mahmoudian-Sani
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Ameneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadinejad
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.|Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saidijam
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. sjamif@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Saeid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jami
mesh_terms: D007758:Ear, Inner; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Biomarker; Hair cell; Hearing loss; MiRNA; Regeneration