title: Rare ER protein misfolding-mistrafficking disorders: Therapeutic developments.
abstract: The presence of a functional protein at the appropriate location in the cell is the result of the processes of transcription, translation, folding and trafficking to the correct destination. There are numerous diseases that are caused by protein misfolding, mainly due to mutations in the respective gene. The consequences of this misfolding may be that proteins effectively lose their function, either by being removed by the cellular quality control machinery or by accumulating at the incorrect intracellular or extracellular location. A number of mutations that lead to protein misfolding and affect trafficking to the final destination, e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Wilson's disease, and Progressive Familial Intrahepatic 1 cholestasis, result in proteins that retain partial function if their folding and trafficking is restored either by molecular or pharmacological means. In this review, we discuss several mutant proteins within this class of misfolding diseases and provide an update on the status of molecular and therapeutic developments and potential therapeutic strategies being developed to counter these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: r.hegde@ibp.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Ramanath Narayana
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Advait
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Prathyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pothukuchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Seetharaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parashuraman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luini
mesh_terms: D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D057165:Proteostasis Deficiencies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins
keywords: ERAD; Misfolding; Mutations; Trafficking