title: Mass spectrometry profiling of oxylipins, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines in human lung lavage fluids reveals responsiveness of prostaglandin E2 and associated lipid metabolites to biodiesel exhaust exposure.
abstract: The adverse effects of petrodiesel exhaust exposure on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are well recognized. While biofuels such as rapeseed methyl ester (RME) biodiesel may have ecological advantages, the exhaust generated may cause adverse health effects. In the current study, we investigated the responses of bioactive lipid mediators in human airways after biodiesel exhaust exposure using lipidomic profiling methods. Lipid mediator levels in lung lavage were assessed following 1-h biodiesel exhaust (average particulate matter concentration, 159 μg/m3) or filtered air exposure in 15 healthy individuals in a double-blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover study design. Bronchoscopy was performed 6 h post exposure and lung lavage fluids, i.e., bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), were sequentially collected. Mass spectrometry methods were used to detect a wide array of oxylipins (including eicosanoids), endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and related lipid metabolites in the collected BW and BAL samples. Six lipids in the human lung lavage samples were altered following biodiesel exhaust exposure, three from BAL samples and three from BW samples. Of these, elevated levels of PGE2, 12,13-DiHOME, and 13-HODE, all of which were found in BAL samples, reached Bonferroni-corrected significance. This is the first study in humans reporting responses of bioactive lipids following biodiesel exhaust exposure and the most pronounced responses were seen in the more peripheral and alveolar lung compartments, reflected by BAL collection. Since the responsiveness and diagnostic value of a subset of the studied lipid metabolites were established in lavage fluids, we conclude that our mass spectrometry profiling method is useful to assess effects of human exposure to vehicle exhaust.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gouveia-Figueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jenny A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bosson
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Unosson
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pourazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annelie F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Behndig
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. malin.nording@umu.se.
authors.forename: Malin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nording
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis*; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; C022203:N-acylethanolamines; D054883:Oxylipins; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Air pollution; BAL; BW; Bronchoscopy; Eicosanoid; Lipidome