title: Development of Multifunctional Active Film and Its Application in Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Shiitake Mushrooms.
abstract: Agar-based films with multiple functions (CO2absorption, water vapor absorption, and antimicrobial activity) were developed, tested for their properties, and then applied to the packaging of fresh shiitake mushrooms as an insert label. The films were cast from an agar-based aqueous solution containing a dissolving plasticizer (glycerol), a CO2absorbent (sodium carbonate [SC] alone or a combination of SC and sodium glycinate [SC-SG]), and a volatile antimicrobial agent (carvacrol [CRV]). The agar of the film matrix is designed to serve as a water vapor absorbent. The multifunctional films tended to have poor mechanical properties, with a hard texture and an opaque and yellowish color. The CO2absorbent, either SC alone or SC-SG, affected CRV retention and release along with the CO2and water vapor absorption behavior. Both films (SC-CRV and SC-SG-CRV films) showed good inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . SC-CRV film had a higher and faster CO2absorption property, higher retention and extended release of CRV, and lower and slower water vapor absorption and was assessed to be better suited for use in shiitake mushroom packaging. The packaging in which the SC-CRV film with an appropriate amount of CRV was used as an insert label was able to generate the desired atmosphere and less moisture condensation inside the package, producing the best preservation of quality in terms of mushroom color, firmness, flavor score, and microbial counts after 6 days of storage at 10°C. A tailored modified atmosphere packaging system using multifunctional film would be useful in the preservation of CO2-sensitive fresh commodities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, 7 Kyungnamdaehak-ro, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon 51767, South Korea.|College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong Jiang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, 7 Kyungnamdaehak-ro, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon 51767, South Korea.
authors.forename: Duck Soon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, 7 Kyungnamdaehak-ro, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon 51767, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Sun
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001272:Atmosphere; D018857:Food Packaging; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000362:Agar
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; CO2 absorption; Carvacrol release; Modified atmosphere packaging; Water vapor absorption