title: Effect of Aluminum Treatment on Proteomes of Radicles of Seeds Derived from Al-Treated Tomato Plants.
abstract: Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint to plant growth and crop yield in acid soils. Tomato cultivars are especially susceptible to excessive Al3+accumulated in the root zone. In this study, tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic culture system supplemented with 50 µM AlK(SO₄)₂. Seeds harvested from Al-treated plants contained a significantly higher Al content than those grown in the control hydroponic solution. In this study, these Al-enriched tomato seeds (harvested from Al-treated tomato plants) were germinated in 50 µM AlK(SO₄)₂ solution in a homopiperazine-1,4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer (pH 4.0), and the control solution which contained the buffer only. Proteomes of radicles were analyzed quantitatively by mass spectrometry employing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ®). The proteins identified were assigned to molecular functional groups and cellular metabolic pathways using MapMan. Among the proteins whose abundance levels changed significantly were: a number of transcription factors; proteins regulating gene silencing and programmed cell death; proteins in primary and secondary signaling pathways, including phytohormone signaling and proteins for enhancing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. Among the metabolic pathways, enzymes in glycolysis and fermentation and sucrolytic pathways were repressed. Secondary metabolic pathways including the mevalonate pathway and lignin biosynthesis were induced. Biological reactions in mitochondria seem to be induced due to an increase in the abundance level of mitochondrial ribosomes and enzymes in the TCA cycle, electron transport chains and ATP synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. iokekeog@my.tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Ikenna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okekeogbu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. zhujiaye117@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhujia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. sangisasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sasikiran Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sangireddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. hli@my.tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. sbhatti@Tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Sarabjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. dhui@Tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Dafeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. zsuping@tnstate.edu.
authors.forename: Suping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. kjh46@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. tlf26@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. yy44@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. tt34@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Theodore W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Thannhauser
keywords: Al-enriched tomato seeds; functional pathways; iTRAQ; orbitrap mass spectrometry; root proteomics; seed germination