title: Atorvastatin and Simvastatin Promoted Mouse Lung Repair After Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema.
abstract: Cigarette smoke (CS) induces pulmonary emphysema by inflammation, oxidative stress, and metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. Pharmacological research studies have not focused on tissue repair after the establishment of emphysema but have instead focused on inflammatory stimulation. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on mouse lung repair after emphysema caused by CS. Male mice (C57BL/6, n = 45) were divided into the following groups: control (sham-exposed), CSr (mice exposed to 12 cigarettes a day for 60 days and then treated for another 60 days with the vehicle), CSr+A (CSr mice treated with atorvastatin for 60 days), and CSr+S (CSr mice treated with simvastatin for 60 days). The treatment with atorvastatin and simvastatin was administered via inhalation (15 min with 1 mg/mL once a day). Mice were sacrificed 24 h after the completion of the 120-day experimental procedure. We performed biochemical, morphological, and physiological analyses. We observed decreased levels of leukocytes and cytokines in statin-treated mice, accompanied by a reduction in oxidative stress markers. We also observed a morphological improvement confirmed by a mean linear intercept counting in statin-treated mice. Finally, statins also ameliorated lung function. We conclude that inhaled atorvastatin and simvastatin improved lung repair after cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinho-Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Correa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kennedy-Feitosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graca-Reis
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Valente
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cattani-Cavalieri
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanna Marcella Cavalcante
authors.initials: GMC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walter Araújo
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Cristóvão
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lycia Brito
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gitirana
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanzetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Redox, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J1 sala - 25, Ilha do fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.941-902, Brazil. samuelv@icb.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Samuel Santos
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valença
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: atorvastatin; cigarette smoke; emphysema; simvastatin; tissue repair