title: A Novel Technique for Fetal ECG Extraction Using Single-Channel Abdominal Recording.
abstract: Non-invasive fetal electrocardiograms (FECGs) are an alternative method to standard means of fetal monitoring which permit long-term continual monitoring. However, in abdominal recording, the FECG amplitude is weak in the temporal domain and overlaps with the maternal electrocardiogram (MECG) in the spectral domain. Research in the area of non-invasive separations of FECG from abdominal electrocardiograms (AECGs) is in its infancy and several studies are currently focusing on this area. An adaptive noise canceller (ANC) is commonly used for cancelling interference in cases where the reference signal only correlates with an interference signal, and not with a signal of interest. However, results from some existing studies suggest that propagation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from the maternal heart to the abdomen is nonlinear, hence the adaptive filter approach may fail if the thoracic and abdominal MECG lack strict waveform similarity. In this study, singular value decomposition (SVD) and smooth window (SW) techniques are combined to build a reference signal in an ANC. This is to avoid the limitation that thoracic MECGs recorded separately must be similar to abdominal MECGs in waveform. Validation of the proposed method with r01 and r07 signals from a public dataset, and a self-recorded private dataset showed that the proposed method achievedF1scores of 99.61%, 99.28% and 98.58%, respectively for the detection of fetal QRS. Compared with four other single-channel methods, the proposed method also achieved higher accuracy values of 99.22%, 98.57% and 97.21%, respectively. The findings from this study suggest that the proposed method could potentially aid accurate extraction of FECG from MECG recordings in both clinical and commercial applications.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. nn.zhang@siat.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. jyzhang@eee.hku.hk.|Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 9990779, China. jyzhang@eee.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Jinyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. hui.li1@siat.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. omisore@siat.ac.cn.|Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. omisore@siat.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Omisore Olatunji
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Mumini
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. samuel@siat.ac.cn.|Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. samuel@siat.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Oluwarotimi Williams
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. kamen@siat.ac.cn.|Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. kamen@siat.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Kamen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institues of Adavanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China. wang.lei@siat.ac.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000465:Algorithms; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: adaptive noise cancellation (ANC); non-invasive FECG extraction; single abdominal channel; singular value decomposition (SVD); smooth window (SW)