title: Triphenyltin hydroxide induces changes in the oxidative stress parameters of fish.
abstract: Among all organotin compounds , triphenyltin hydroxide (TPhTH) is widely used as fungicide and moluscicide in Brazil. However, the effects of TPhTH on the biochemical parameters of non-target organisms, such as fish, are little known. The aim of the present study is to assess the possible toxic effects of different concentrations of waterborne TPhTH on silver catfish belonging to species Rhamdia quelen. The fish were exposed to two different concentrations of TPhTH (1.08 and 1.70 µg/L as Sn) for 15 days and then compared to the control group (triplicate, n = 3). The antioxidant profile (catalase (CAT) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and the oxidative stress parameters (TBARS-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyl (PC)) were set after the exposure to TPhTH. The TBARS level and the PC content increased in several organs of the Rhamdia quelen (brain, liver, muscle and gills) under the two concentrations of TPhTH in comparison to the control group. The CAT activity in the liver and gills has enhanced in all tested TPhTH concentrations. The GST activity increased in the brain, liver and muscle tissues under all the TPhTH concentrations. The significant changes in the biomarkers indicated that the investigated pesticide could have harmful effect on fish, in the field. However, these biomarkers were measured after the fish received doses lower than the recommended for use in agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Três Passos, RS, 98600-000, Brazil. ba.clasen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-4402
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clasen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexssandro G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lópes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Murussi
authors.affiliation: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76.815-800, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiane G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Antes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érico M M
authors.initials: ÉMM
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldisserotto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valderi L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dressler
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vania L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Loro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D029941:Fish Proteins; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C007567:triphenyltin hydroxide
keywords: Oxidative stress; Silver catfish; TPhTH; Toxicity