title: The effectiveness of heparin, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and silver nanoparticles on prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation in rats.
abstract: To assess the effectiveness of heparin, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and silver nanoparticles on prevention of postoperative adhesion in animal models.
  Sixty males Albino Wistar rats aged 5 to 6 weeks were classified into five groups receiving none, heparin, PRP, silver nanoparticles, PRP plus silver nanoparticles intraperitoneally. After 2 weeks, the animals underwent laparotomy and the damaged site was assessed for peritoneal adhesions severity.
  The mean severity scores were 2.5 ± 0.9, 2.16 ± 0.7, 1.5 ± 0.5, 2.66 ± 0.88, and 2.25 ± 0.62 in the control, heparin, PRP, silver and PRP plus silver groups, respectively with significant intergroup difference (p = 0.004). The highest effective material for preventing adhesion formation was PRP followed by heparin and PRP plus silver. Moreover, compared to the controls, only use of PRP was significantly effective, in terms of adhesion severity (p = 0.01) .
  Platelet-rich plasma alone may have the highest efficacy for preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in comparison with heparin, silver nanoparticles and PRP plus silver nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; critical revision.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Makarchian
authors.affiliation: MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Statistics analysis, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasraianfard
authors.affiliation: MD, Department of Surgery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Acquisition of data, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Pezhman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghaderzadeh
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Critical revision, final approval of the manuscript.
authors.forename: Manoochehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghorbanpoor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D006493:Heparin