title: Prescribing patterns of analgesics and other medicines by dental practitioners in Australia from 2001 to 2012.
abstract: Dental practitioners are able to prescribe a variety of medicines subsidized on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (PBS), the main categories of which are analgesics and antibiotics. We aimed to investigate the patterns of PBS prescribing of non-antimicrobial medicines by dental practitioners in Australia from 2001 to 2012.
  
  
  
  Data were collected from Medicare Australia on prescriptions from dental practitioners dispensed to concessional beneficiaries between 2001 and 2012. We examined patterns of use over time.
  
  
  
  There was an overall increase in number of prescriptions and in dispensed use (standardized by dose and population) of analgesic medicines for the concessional population over the 12-years period. The use of dentally prescribed analgesics increased 15%, with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increasing by 41% and opioid analgesics by 12%. Prescribing of the oxycodone 5-mg tablet increased 344% between 2005 and 2012, and dental prescription of the benzodiazepines diazepam and temazepam increased by 51% and 229%, respectively, over the observation period. Injectable corticosteroid use increased by 19%. Conversely, use of carbamazepine and anti-emetics decreased by 39% and 10%, respectively.
  
  
  
  Dental prescribing of analgesics, anti-inflammatories and benzodiazepines in the concessional population has increased significantly over the past decade. These data can form the baseline to further examine appropriate medicine use in the management of dental conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5226-5663
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hollingworth
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Pauline J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0901-2863
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ford
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D003815:Dentists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: NSAIDs; analgesics; benzodiazepines; dental prescribing; opioids