title: Evolutionary Conservation of ABA Signaling for Stomatal Closure.
abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA)-driven stomatal regulation reportedly evolved after the divergence of ferns, during the early evolution of seed plants approximately 360 million years ago. This hypothesis is based on the observation that the stomata of certain fern species are unresponsive to ABA, but exhibit passive hydraulic control. However, ABA-induced stomatal closure was detected in some mosses and lycophytes. Here, we observed that a number of ABA signaling and membrane transporter protein families diversified over the evolutionary history of land plants. The aquatic fernsAzolla filiculoidesandSalvinia cucullatahave representatives of 23 families of proteins orthologous to those of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and all other land plant species studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the key ABA signaling proteins indicates an evolutionarily conserved stomatal response to ABA. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analysis has identified a suite of ABA-responsive genes that differentially expressed in a terrestrial fern species,Polystichum proliferumThese genes encode proteins associated with ABA biosynthesis, transport, reception, transcription, signaling, and ion and sugar transport, which fit the general ABA signaling pathway constructed from Arabidopsis andHordeum vulgareThe retention of these key ABA-responsive genes could have had a profound effect on the adaptation of ferns to dry conditions. Furthermore, stomatal assays have shown the primary evidence for ABA-induced closure of stomata in two terrestrial fern speciesPproliferumandNephrolepis exaltataIn summary, we report, to our knowledge, new molecular and physiological evidence for the presence of active stomatal control in ferns.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Shengguan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-2543
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Guang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-9331
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-8606
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: D Blaine
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-3381
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Yizhou
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-383X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Qian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-4316
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4705-0756
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hills
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Eviatar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevo
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Soltis
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Soltis
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Emily
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-5536
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4317-6976
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pogson
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.).|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.).|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.).|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.).|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.).|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.).|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.).|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.).|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.).
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-4645
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Blatt
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.); z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.) z.chen@westernsydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-320X
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005075:Biological Evolution; D029624:Ferns / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000040:Abscisic Acid