title: Endoscopic surgery of a sinonasal inverted papilloma: Surgical strategy, follow-up, and recurrence rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is noted for its high rate of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although many clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the endoscopic approach for SNIP, the surgical strategy has been the subject of much debate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic endonasal approach in SNIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of patients with a diagnosis of SNIP and who had surgery at our institution from June 2005 to March 2013 was performed. All the patients who had postoperative follow-up for >2 years were enrolled. Each case was categorized into one of four stages as reported by Krouse. Demographic and tumor date, operative approach, complications, and recurrence rates were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 125 patients were included in this study. There were 17 patients in stage 1, 40 in stage 2, 57 in stage 3, and 11 in stage 4. The overall recurrence rate was 8.0%. There was no significant difference in recurrence among the stages (all p > 0.05). Recurrence after endoscopic endonasal approach (8.4%) and a combined endoscopic and open exposure procedure (5.6%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The recurrence rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in patients with revision (15.6%) than in patients in the primary cases (3.8%). A common site of tumor origin was recorded to be from the maxillary sinus (40.2%). Twenty percent of recurrences were observed up to 5 years after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic surgery may be preferred for treating SNIP. The elevated recurrence rate after revision emphasized the significance of the first surgery. We encourage a follow-up period of at least 5 years.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qing-Zhe
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Shen-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tian-Qiao
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Nian-Kai
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome