title: Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon as neurotoxins producers in some Russian freshwaters.
abstract: Last decades, cyanobacterial blooms have been commonly reported in Russia. Among the boom-forming species, potential toxin producers have been identified. The aim of this paper was to study the presence of neurotoxic compounds - saxitoxins and anatoxin-a - in water bodies from different regions of Russia. We also made attempts to identify the neurotoxin-producing genera. The good convergence of the results obtained by light microscopy, PCR and LC-MS/MS analyses indicated the presence of active neurotoxin producing species in all investigated water bodies. Saxitoxin was detected in phytoplankton from 4 water bodies in Central European Russia and West Siberia, including lake and reservoirs used as a source for potable water. The water bodies differed with the respect of saxitoxin producers which belonged to Aphanizomenon and/or Dolichospermum genera. For the first time, we obtained quantitative data on the intracellular saxitoxin concentration in Russian freshwaters using LC-MS/MS. Anatoxin-a was detected only in lakes of Northwestern Russia. In the eutrophic shallow Lower Suzdal Lake, Aphanizomenon was the stated anatoxin-a-producing genus. In the large shallow artificial hypertrophic Sestroretskij Razliv Lake, it was very likely that both dominant species - Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Dolichospermum planctonicum - were anatoxin-a producers.
authors.affiliation: Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Korpusnaya str., 18, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia. Electronic address: s3561389@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chernova
authors.affiliation: P.G.Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya str.,10, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia. Electronic address: sidelev@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sidelev
authors.affiliation: Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Korpusnaya str., 18, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia. Electronic address: yanarussk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Iana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Russkikh
authors.affiliation: Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Korpusnaya str., 18, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia. Electronic address: katerina.voyakina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Voyakina
authors.affiliation: P.G.Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya str.,10, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia. Electronic address: baba@bio.uniyar.ac.ru.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Babanazarova
authors.affiliation: Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya str., 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. Electronic address: romanov_r_e@ngs.ru.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romanov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Molodeznaya str., 1, Barnaul, 656038, Russia. Electronic address: kotovschik@iwep.ru.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotovshchikov
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland. Electronic address: biohm@ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mazur-Marzec
mesh_terms: D046890:Aphanizomenon / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012426:Russia; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014326:Tropanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D014326:Tropanes; D012530:Saxitoxin; C509783:anatoxin a
keywords: Aphanizomenon; Cyanotoxins; Dolichospermum; LC-MS; Neurotoxin producers; PCR