title: Four-year persistence of type-specific immunity after quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in HIV-infected children: Effect of a fourth dose of vaccine.
abstract: Although HIV-infected children are recommended to receive quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (QHPV) there is limited information on their response to QHPV. This study in HIV-infected children, evaluated the magnitude and duration of immune responses to QHPV. This report describes type-specific serum antibody responses over a 4-to-5year period after either 3 or 4 doses of QHPV.
  
  
  
  HIV-infected children, ages 7-to-11years, received 3 doses of QHPV (n=96) or placebo (n=30). At 72weeks QHPV recipients received a fourth dose (n=84), while placebo recipients began the 3-dose QHPV schedule (n=27). HPV serotype-specific antibody was determined, by competitive Luminex immunoassay (cLIA) and IgG Luminex immunoassay, at 2, 3.5, and 4-to-5years after the last dose of QHPV in each treatment arm.
  
  
  
  At 4-to-5years after the last dose of QHPV, antibody titers were significantly higher in 4-dose than in 3-dose group. However, the proportion of vaccinees with a seroresponse in the cLIA assay was not different between the two groups (86-93% for HPV types 6, 11, and 16, and 64% for HPV type 18). These results were very similar to the seroresponse rate in these HIV-infected children at 1month after completing vaccination.
  
  
  
  Children with well-controlled HIV infection who receive 3 doses of the QHPV vaccine maintain seropositivity and antibody levels that are generally similar to children of the same age who are not HIV-infected. Antibody titer correlated strongly with low log HIV RNA, low CD8%, and high CD4%. Additionally, a fourth dose of vaccine in HIV-infected children produces a marked rise in antibody characteristic of an anamnestic response and persistence of high antibody levels. Study identification: IMPAACT P1085 (V501-021). CLINICALTRIALS.GOV identifier: NCT01206556.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. Electronic address: myron.levin@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Myron J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 19954, United States.
authors.forename: Anna-Barbara
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Moscicki
authors.affiliation: Formerly Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration; Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Lin-Ye
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Quest Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States.
authors.forename: Alfred J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saah
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; D010919:Placebos
keywords: Antibody response; Human papillomavirus vaccine; Pediatric HIV infection