title: Antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects of Turkish Black Tea on TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (in vitro) and mice (in vivo).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black tea has been reported to have significant antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties associated with its polyphenols theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR). Similarly, Turkish black tea (TBT) also contains a considerable amount of TF and TR.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the mutagenic, antimutagenic and anticlastogenic properties of TBT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of TBT (10 to 40000 μg/plate) were investigated in vitro on Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 fraction. Anticlastogenic effect was studied at concentrations of 300-1200 mg/kg TBT extract by chromosomal aberrations (CA) assay from bone marrow of mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study did not reveal any mutagenic properties of TBT. On the contrary, TBT extract exhibited antimutagenic activity at >1000 μg/plate concentrations in TA98 strain with and without S9 activation (40% inhibition with S9 and 27% without S9). In TA100 strain, the antimutagenic activity was observed at >20,000 μg/plate TBT extracts without S9 activation (28% inhibition) and at >1000 μg/plate with S9 activation (59% inhibition). A significant decrease in the percentage of aberrant cells (12.33% ± 1.27) was observed in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) plus highest concentration (1200 mg/kg) of TBT extract-treated group when compared to only DMBA-treated group (17.00% ± 2.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that TBT can be considered as genotoxically safe, because it did not exert any mutagenic and clastogenic effects. As a result, TBT exhibited antimutagenic effects more apparently after metabolic activation in bacterial test system and had an anticlastogenic effect in mice.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charehsaz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sipahi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D013662:Tea; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea
keywords: Ames test; Genotoxicity; chromosomal aberration assay