title: Anti-CRISPR proteins: Counterattack of phages on bacterial defense (CRISPR/Cas) system.
abstract: Since the dawn of life there is a never ending strife between bacteria and phages. Both are perpetually changing their strategies to take over each other. CRISPR/Cas is the most widespread defense system used by bacteria against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages, cojugative palsmids, transoposons, and pathogenicity islands. This system utilizes small guide RNA molecules to protect against phages infection and invasion by MGEs. Phages circumvent to these antiviral barriers by point mutation in PAM (protospacer-adjacent motif) sequence, genome rearrangements and by using anti-CRISPR proteins.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kulbhushan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-3206
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, Gujrat, India.
authors.forename: Anirudha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Dharmendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pratap
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; D000072669:Gene Editing / Q000379:methods*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; D017354:Point Mutation; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
keywords: CASCADE; CRISPR; anti-CRISPR proteins; bacteriophage; genome editing