title: Cyclic fatigue resistance of a novel rotary file manufactured using controlled memory Ni-Ti technology compared to a file made from M-wire file.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cyclic fatigue properties of a novel file made using controlled memory Ni-Ti technology with those of files made from M-wire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve files with similar cross-sectional geometry and tip size from each of the following groups were tested: Proflexendo made from CMT (PE; size 30 0.04; Nexden, Houston, Tx, USA), ProFile Vortex made from M-wire (PV; size 30 0.04; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) and ProTaper Universal made from regular alloy (PU; F3; Dentsply Tulsa Dental). A custom-made cyclic fatigue device was made to evaluate the total number of cycles to failure for each system. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fractured surfaces of the fragments. The arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for the total number of cycles to failure. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean cyclic failure amongst the three groups. Post hoc Tukey's test was performed to compare the difference of the means between the groups at a significance level of P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proflexendo had a significantly greater resistance to cyclic fatigue compared to other systems (P < 0.001). Proflexendo files were able to withstand 500% more cycles to fracture when compared to ProFile Vortex files.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manufacturing technique had a significant impact on the resistance to cyclic fatigue. Proflexendo files made from controlled memory Ni-Ti technology had the highest number of cycles to failure compared to ProFile Vortex made from M-wire files with similar taper and tip size.
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Division, Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-2495
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: AlShwaimi
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium
keywords: M-wire; controlled memory Ni-Ti technology; cyclic fatigue; endodontic file; heat treatment; nickel-titanium