title: Automated numerical simulation of biological pattern formation based on visual feedback simulation framework.
abstract: There are various fantastic biological phenomena in biological pattern formation. Mathematical modeling using reaction-diffusion partial differential equation systems is employed to study the mechanism of pattern formation. However, model parameter selection is both difficult and time consuming. In this paper, a visual feedback simulation framework is proposed to calculate the parameters of a mathematical model automatically based on the basic principle of feedback control. In the simulation framework, the simulation results are visualized, and the image features are extracted as the system feedback. Then, the unknown model parameters are obtained by comparing the image features of the simulation image and the target biological pattern. Considering two typical applications, the visual feedback simulation framework is applied to fulfill pattern formation simulations for vascular mesenchymal cells and lung development. In the simulation framework, the spot, stripe, labyrinthine patterns of vascular mesenchymal cells, the normal branching pattern and the branching pattern lacking side branching for lung branching are obtained in a finite number of iterations. The simulation results indicate that it is easy to achieve the simulation targets, especially when the simulation patterns are sensitive to the model parameters. Moreover, this simulation framework can expand to other types of biological pattern formation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xingjuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000502:physiology*