title: Integration of Novel Materials and Advanced Genomic Technologies into New Vaccine Design.
abstract: Designing new vaccines is one of the most challenging tasks for public health to prevent both infectious and chronic diseases. Even though many research scientists have spent great efforts in improving the specificity, sensitivity and safety of current available vaccines, there are still much space on how to effectively combine different biomaterials and technologies to design universal or personalized vaccines. Traditionally, vaccines were made based on empirical approaches designed to mimic immunity induced by natural infection. Either live attenuated or killed whole microorganisms were used as vaccines. With the development of biomaterial science, DNA/RNA, recombinant vector, adjuvant and nanoparticles greatly expand the category of vaccines. More importantly, with the tremendous advances of new technologies including genomics, proteomics and immunomics, the paradigm of vaccine design has shifted from microbiological to sequence-based approaches. This ever-growing large amount of genomic data and new genomic approaches such as comparative genomics, reverse vaccinology and pan-genomics, will play critical roles in novel vaccine design and enable development of more effective vaccines to cure and control both chronic and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize current various vaccine materials, advanced technologies and combinational strategies to integrate biomaterials and advanced technologies for vaccine design, which we hope will provide some very useful guidelines and perspectives for the vaccine design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University.|Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Tian
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
authors.forename: Liqian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
authors.forename: Su Seong
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Scholl of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30043, United States.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of chemical and biomolecular engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
authors.forename: Zhaogang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
authors.forename: Zhaoyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30043, United States.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015195:Drug Design; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Vaccine; antigen; genomics; immune response; reverse vaccinology