title: Advancing alternatives analysis: The role of predictive toxicology in selecting safer chemical products and processes.
abstract: Alternatives analysis (AA) is a method used in regulation and product design to identify, assess, and evaluate the safety and viability of potential substitutes for hazardous chemicals. It requires toxicological data for the existing chemical and potential alternatives. Predictive toxicology uses in silico and in vitro approaches, computational models, and other tools to expedite toxicological data generation in a more cost-effective manner than traditional approaches. The present article briefly reviews the challenges associated with using predictive toxicology in regulatory AA, then presents 4 recommendations for its advancement. It recommends using case studies to advance the integration of predictive toxicology into AA, adopting a stepwise process to employing predictive toxicology in AA beginning with prioritization of chemicals of concern, leveraging existing resources to advance the integration of predictive toxicology into the practice of AA, and supporting transdisciplinary efforts. The further incorporation of predictive toxicology into AA would advance the ability of companies and regulators to select alternatives to harmful ingredients, and potentially increase the use of predictive toxicology in regulation more broadly. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:915-925. © 2017 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: School of Law, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.|Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.|UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.affiliation: School of Law, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.|Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zaunbrecher
authors.affiliation: UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beryt
authors.affiliation: National Center for Computational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.affiliation: National Toxicology Program, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tice
authors.affiliation: Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Institute for Society & Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Public Health Consulting, Alameda, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Ila
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.affiliation: Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.|UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.affiliation: Northwest Green Chemistry, Juneau, Alaska, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.affiliation: California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Chatsworth, California, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kerzic
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Institute at the George Washington University, Ashburn, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kostal
authors.affiliation: Sandra Day O'Connor School of Law, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.affiliation: Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McPartland
authors.affiliation: TDC Environmental, San Mateo, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nel
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Oladele
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogunseitan
authors.affiliation: Clean Production Action, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: National Toxicology Program, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tickner
authors.affiliation: ToxServices, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.affiliation: Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia,, Washington,, USA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062067:Chemical Safety; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014116:Toxicology
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances
keywords: Alternative testing strategies; Alternatives analysis; Alternatives assessment; Predictive toxicology; Regulation