title: Calcium Intake and Nutritional Adequacy in Spanish Children: The ANIVA Study.
abstract: Calcium is an important nutrient for child development. The main objective of this study was to assess calcium intake and its adequacy with dietary reference intake (DRI) in Spanish children. The ANIVA (Antropometría y Nutrición Infantil de Valencia) study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. During two academic years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, 1176 schoolchildren aged 6-9 years were selected from 14 primary schools in Valencia (Spain). Three-day food records were used to assess dietary intake, completed by parents/guardian. Anthropometric data (weight and height) were evaluated in all subjects. Nutritional intake was compared to estimated average requirements (EARs) and adequate intake (AI) values to determine nutritional adequacy. A percentage of 25.77% had inadequate calcium intake, and a significantly higher prevalence was observed in girls (p= 0.006). Adequate calcium intake showed a positive association with the heightz-score (p= 0.032). When assessing dietary patterns, schoolchildren with adequate calcium intakes had better nutritional adequacy in all nutrients, except cholesterol (p= 0.086) and fluorine (p= 0.503). These results suggest a public health problem that must be addressed through nutrition education programs to increase intake of calcium-rich food and to correct the associated dietary pattern.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain. nuria.rubio@uv.es.|Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain. nuria.rubio@uv.es.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rubio-López
authors.affiliation: Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain. agustin.llopis@uv.es.|Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain. agustin.llopis@uv.es.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llopis-González
authors.affiliation: Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain. maria.m.morales@uv.es.|Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain. maria.m.morales@uv.es.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morales-Suárez-Varela
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005461:Fluorine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005461:Fluorine; D002784:Cholesterol; D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium; children; nutrients intake; nutritional intake