title: Outcome of distal end clavicle fractures treated with locking plates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle are relatively uncommon. These fractures are unstable due to the various deforming forces which act on the fragments as well as the small distal fracture fragment. At most times the deforming forces are not taken into consideration, and the fracture is not fixed securely. In this study, we assessed a fixation technique using the precontoured locking plates to find out whether it provided a stable fixation with good functional outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 32 patients with lateral end clavicle fracture (Neer's Type II) were included in the study. After the informed consent and preoperative investigations were obtained, open reduction and internal fixation was done using a 3.5 mm precontoured superior locking plate with lateral extension under general anesthesia. Postoperative X-rays were done on day 1 and every 6 weeks after operation, until radiological union was achieved. The postoperative pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on postoperative days 1, 2 and 10. Postoperatively arm pouch sling was given for 2 weeks followed by active mobilization. Patients were asked to do their daily routine work and avoid lifting heavy weights. The functional outcome was assessed at the end of 2nd and 6th months with the help of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no intraoperative complications in the procedure. The mean VAS score on postoperative day 1 was found to be 5 which decreased to 3 on day 2 and 0 on day 10. The mean DASH score was calculated as 11.63 at the end of postoperative month 2 and then 4.6 at the end of month 6. There was one case of malunion in whom the overhead abduction was restricted but was not painful and was managed conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The precontoured locking plates with lateral extension may be a good method to fix the fractures of the lateral end clavicle, which provide a stable fixation with good functional outcome with very few instances of stiffness and decreased range of motion of the shoulder with the hook plates and failure of fixation in screw and K-wire fixations. It may well be the answer to the fixation questions of the lateral clavicle fractures, although larger comparative studies between the surgical treatment methods are required to confirm the same.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaishya
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: dr_vipulvijay@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement
keywords: Functional outcome; Lateral end clavicle fractures; Precontoured locking plates