title: Immunotherapy resistance: the answers lie ahead - not in front - of us.
abstract: Mechanisms of innate and adaptive resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy are under intense investigation with a view to broadening the therapeutic potential of this form of treatment. In a recent manuscript by Zaretsky and colleagues, mutational events were identified that effectively crippled ongoing immunotherapy responses in patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. These results are discussed in the light of other recent and ongoing research efforts exploring both mutational and non-mutational resistance mechanisms, highlighting the critical translational importance of longitudinal tumor sampling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
authors.forename: Miles C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX 77030 USA.|Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wargo
mesh_terms: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008545:Melanoma; D009154:Mutation; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Checkpoint blockade; Interferon; Longitudinal biopsies; Resistance; T cell exclusion