title: Hydrogen-Treated Rutile TiO2Shell in Graphite-Core Structure as a Negative Electrode for High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.
abstract: Hydrogen-treated TiO2as an electrocatalyst has shown to boost the capacity of high-performance all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) as a simple and eco-friendly strategy. The graphite felt-based GF@TiO2:H electrode is able to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is a critical barrier for operating at high rate for long-term cycling in VRFBs. Significant improvements in charge/discharge and electron-transfer processes for the V3+/V2+reaction on the surface of reduced TiO2were achieved as a consequence of the formation of oxygen functional groups and oxygen vacancies in the lattice structure. Key performance indicators of VRFB have been improved, such as high capability rates and electrolyte-utilization ratios (82 % at 200 mA cm-2). Additionally, high coulombic efficiencies (ca. 100 % up to the 96th cycle, afterwards >97 %) were obtained, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving long-term stability.
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7289-407X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Galván
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5119-1682
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flox
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.|Current address: Dept. Enginyieries: Electronica, Universitat de Barcelona, C. de Martí I Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fàbrega
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.|Current address: IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8964-8617
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ventosa
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7485-8753
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2804-4545
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.affiliation: IREC, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930, Sant Adrià del Besos, Spain.|Dept. Enginyieries: Electronica, Universitat de Barcelona, C. de Martí I Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morante
mesh_terms: D001128:Argon; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014639:Vanadium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014639:Vanadium; C009495:titanium dioxide; D001128:Argon; D006108:Graphite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: hydrogen evolution reaction; oxygen vacancies; redox flow batteries; titanium dioxide; vanadium