title: Modification of Flight and Locomotion Performances, Respiratory Metabolism, and Transcriptome Expression in the Lady BeetleHarmonia axyridisthrough Sublethal Pesticide Exposure.
abstract: Biological control is usually used in combination with chemical control for practical agricultural applications. Thus, the influence of insecticides on the natural predators used for biological control should be investigated for integrated pest management. The ladybirdHarmonia axyridisis an effective predator on aphids and coccids. Beta-cypermethrin is a broad-spectrum insecticide used worldwide for controlling insect pests.H. axyridisis becoming increasingly threatened by this insecticide. Here, we investigated the effect of a sublethal dose of beta-cypermethrin on flight, locomotion, respiration, and detoxification system ofH. axyridis. After exposure to beta-cypermethrin, succinic female adults flew more times, longer distances, and during longer time periods. Exposure to a sublethal dose of beta-cypermethrin also promoted an increase in walking rate, walking distance, walking duration, and also an increase in respiratory quotient and respiratory rate. To investigate the effects of beta-cypermethrin onH. axyridisdetoxification system, we analyzed the transcriptome ofH. axyridisadults, focusing on genes related to detoxification systems.De novoassembly generated 65,509 unigenes with a mean length of 799 bp. From these genes, 26,020 unigenes (40.91% of all unigenes) exhibited clear homology to known genes in the NCBI non-redundant database. In addition, 10,402 unigenes were annotated in the Cluster of Orthologous Groups database, 12,088 unigenes were assigned to the Gene Ontology database and 12,269 unigenes were in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) database. Exposure to beta-cypermethrin had significant effects on the transcriptome profile ofH. axyridisadult. Based on uniquely mapped reads, 3,296 unigenes were differentially expressed, 868 unigenes were up-regulated and 2,248 unigenes were down-regulated. We identified differentially-expressed unigenes related to general detoxification systems inH. axyridis. This assembled, annotated transcriptome provides a valuable genomic resource for further understanding the molecular basis of detoxification mechanisms inH. axyridis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Plant ProtectionBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 1355-7254 Institute Sophia Agrobiotech Nice, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desneux
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: behavior; beta-cypermethrin; mobility; sublethal effect