title: Occupational exposure and respiratory health problems among nutmeg production workers in Grenada, the Caribbean.
abstract: The nutmeg industry is a major contributor to the Grenadian economy. However, workers in the industry face many environmental and occupational health risks.
  
  
  
  The goal of this study was to investigate respiratory health problems and possible related occupational exposures among nutmeg production workers.
  
  
  
  A questionnaire, spirometry and allergen skin-prick test was given to 92 nutmeg workers. Samples for measurement of airborne dust, mold, and phosphine were also collected from work environments.
  
  
  
  Approximately half of the workers with lower respiratory symptoms such as dry cough (49.4%) and shortness of breath (42.9%) reported that their symptoms were work related. Spirometry results showed that 18.8% of workers had obstruction. Area geometric mean (GM) inhalable dust concentrations, GM personal concentrations, and total mold spores during work activities were found to be high.
  
  
  
  High prevalence of respiratory symptoms among workers in this facility was consistent with measured levels of dust and mold, and was widespread over all work areas.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Global Health, College of Health Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA , USA.|b Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine , St. George's University , St. George , Grenada.
authors.forename: Muge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akpinar-Elci
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine , St. George's University , St. George , Grenada.
authors.forename: Satesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bidaisee
authors.affiliation: a Center for Global Health, College of Health Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA , USA.
authors.forename: MyNgoc Thuy
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine , St. George's University , St. George , Grenada.
authors.forename: Omur Cinar
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Elci
mesh_terms: D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D004417:Dyspnea; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D000067565:Farmers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005936:Glucans / Q000032:analysis; D019425:Grenada / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D026323:Myristica; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012912:Sneezing; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004731:Endotoxins; D005936:Glucans
keywords: Nutmeg; caribbean; mace; mold exposure; respiratory health; spice industry; spirometry