title: Zone II and III fifth metatarsal fractures in athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to review indications, complications, and outcomes of zone II and III fifth metatarsal fractures based on recent literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High rates of nonunion, delayed union, and refracture in athletes treated non-operatively. The standard of care is operative treatment in athletes with intramedullary fixation. Operative treatment of zone II and III fractures in athletes will decrease the risk of nonunion and refracture while leading to an earlier return to play.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: OrthoCarolina Foot & Ankle Institute, 2001 Vail Avenue, Suite 200B, Charlotte, NC, 28207, USA. robert.anderson@orthocarolina.com.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
keywords: Athlete; Jones fracture; Metatarsal fracture