title: The Development of Implicit Memory From Infancy to Childhood: On Average Performance Levels and Interindividual Differences.
abstract: The present multimethod longitudinal study aimed at investigating development and stability of implicit memory during infancy and early childhood. A total of 134 children were followed longitudinally from 3 months to 3 years of life assessing different age-appropriate measures of implicit memory. Results from structural equation modeling give further evidence that implicit memory is stable from 9 months of life on, with earlier performance predicting later performance. Second, it was found that implicit memory is present from early on, and no age-related improvements are found from 3 months on. Results are discussed with respect to the basic brain structures implicit memory builds on, as well as methodological issues.
authors.affiliation: University of Frankfurt.
authors.forename: Isabel A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vöhringer
authors.affiliation: University of Frankfurt.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolling
authors.affiliation: University of Frankfurt.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: University of Frankfurt.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poloczek
authors.affiliation: University of Bielefeld.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fassbender
authors.affiliation: University of Giessen.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.affiliation: University of Osnabrück.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.affiliation: University of Giessen.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suhrke
authors.affiliation: University of Osnabrück.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teiser
authors.affiliation: University of Bielefeld.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teubert
authors.affiliation: University of Osnabrück.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: University of Bielefeld.
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lohaus
authors.affiliation: University of Giessen.
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.affiliation: University of Frankfurt.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knopf
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*