title: Algorithmic design of a noise-resistant and efficient closed-loop deep brain stimulation system: A computational approach.
abstract: Advances in the field of closed-loop neuromodulation call for analysis and modeling approaches capable of confronting challenges related to the complex neuronal response to stimulation and the presence of strong internal and measurement noise in neural recordings. Here we elaborate on the algorithmic aspects of a noise-resistant closed-loop subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation system for advanced Parkinson's disease and treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, ensuring remarkable performance in terms of both efficiency and selectivity of stimulation, as well as in terms of computational speed. First, we propose an efficient method drawn from dynamical systems theory, for the reliable assessment of significant nonlinear coupling between beta and high-frequency subthalamic neuronal activity, as a biomarker for feedback control. Further, we present a model-based strategy through which optimal parameters of stimulation for minimum energy desynchronizing control of neuronal activity are being identified. The strategy integrates stochastic modeling and derivative-free optimization of neural dynamics based on quadratic modeling. On the basis of numerical simulations, we demonstrate the potential of the presented modeling approach to identify, at a relatively low computational cost, stimulation settings potentially associated with a significantly higher degree of efficiency and selectivity compared with stimulation settings determined post-operatively. Our data reinforce the hypothesis that model-based control strategies are crucial for the design of novel stimulation protocols at the backstage of clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sofia D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Karamintziou
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, FCT-UNL-CMA, Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Luísa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Custódio
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piallat
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.|Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Mircea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polosan
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.|Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Stéphan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabardès
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mediterraneo Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Pantelis G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Stathis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, 'G. Gennimatas' General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Tagaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Damianos E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sakas
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Polychronaki
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Tsirogiannis
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nikita
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003344:Cortical Synchronization; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome