title: Systematic review of the oncological and functional outcomes of pelvic organ-preserving radical cystectomy (RC) compared with standard RC in women who undergo curative surgery and orthotopic neobladder substitution for bladder cancer.
abstract: Pelvic organ-preserving radical cystectomy (POPRC) for women may improve postoperative sexual and urinary functions without compromising the oncological outcome compared with standard radical cystectomy (RC).
  
  
  
  To determine the effect of POPRC on sexual, oncological and urinary outcomes compared with RC in women who undergo standard curative surgery and orthotopic neobladder substitution for bladder cancer.
  
  
  
  Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trials databases and clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched for all relevant publications. Women with bladder cancer who underwent POPRC or standard RC and orthotopic neobladder substitution with curative intent were included. Prospective and retrospective comparative studies and single-arm case series were included. The primary outcomes were sexual function at 6-12 months after surgery and oncological outcomes including disease recurrence and overall survival (OS) at >2 years. Secondary outcomes included urinary continence at 6-12 months. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using standard Cochrane review methodology including additional domains based on confounder assessment.
  
  
  
  The searches yielded 11 941 discrete articles, of which 15 articles reporting on 15 studies recruiting a total of 874 patients were eligible for inclusion. Three papers had a matched-pair study design and the rest of the studies were mainly small, retrospective case series. Sexual outcomes were reported in seven studies with 167/194 patients (86%) having resumed sexual activity within 6 months postoperatively, with median (range) patients' sexual satisfaction score of 88.5 (80-100)%. Survival outcomes were reported in seven studies on 197 patients, with a mean follow-up of between 12 and 132 months. At 3 and 5 years, cancer-specific survival was 70-100% and OS was 65-100%. In all, 11 studies reported continence outcomes. Overall, the daytime and night-time continence rates were 58-100% and 42-100%, respectively. Overall, the self-catheterisation rate was 9.5-78%. Due to poor reporting and large heterogeneity between studies, instead of subgroup-analysis, a narrative synthesis approach was used. The overall RoB was high across all studies.
  
  
  
  For well-selected patients, POPRC with orthotopic neobladder may potentially be comparable to standard RC for oncological outcomes, whilst improving sexual and urinary function outcomes. However, in women undergoing RC, oncological and functional data regarding POPRC remain immature and require further evaluation in a prospective comparative setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0221-3782
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Veskimäe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Foch, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Neuzillet
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Foch, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouanne
authors.affiliation: Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2691-8421
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.affiliation: Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas B L
authors.initials: TBL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Health Science Centre McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, UPMC Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Compérat
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Nigel C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ribal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes Alfred
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Foch, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lebrét
mesh_terms: D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: #BladderCancer; #blcsm; radical cystectomy; sexual function; urinary bladder neoplasms; urinary incontinence