title: Gut microbial diversity analysis using Illumina sequencing for functional dyspepsia with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome and the interventional Xiaoyaosan in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate gut microbial diversity and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) in a rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD) with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FD with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome rat model was established through classic chronic mild unpredictable stimulation every day. XYS group rats received XYS 1 h before the stimulation. The models were assessed by parameters including state of the rat, weight, sucrose test result and open-field test result. After 3 wk, the stools of rats were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR products of the V4 region of 16S rDNA were sequenced using a barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing technique. The primary composition of the microbiome in the stool samples was determined and analyzed by cluster analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rat models were successfully established, per data from rat state, weight and open-field test. The microbiomes contained 20 phyla from all samples.Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,CyanobacteriaandTenericuteswere the most abundant taxonomic groups. The relative abundance ofFirmicutes,ProteobacteriaandCyanobacteriain the model group was higher than that in the normal group. On the contrary, the relative abundance ofBacteroidetesin the model group was lower than that in the normal group. Upon XYS treatment, the relative abundance of all dysregulated phyla was restored to levels similar to those observed in the normal group. Abundance clustering heat map of phyla corroborated the taxonomic distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microbiome relative abundance of FD rats with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome was significantly different from the normal cohort. XYS intervention may effectively adjust the gut dysbacteriosis in FD.
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Juan-Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Owusu
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Shu
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Juan-Juan Qiu, Zhe Liu, Xue-Jun Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Hui-Shu Guo, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C532268:xiaoyaosan
keywords: Functional dyspepsia with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome; Gut microbial diversity; Illumina sequencing; Xiaoyaosan