title: Expression and functional evaluation of biopharmaceuticals made in plant chloroplasts.
abstract: After approval of the first plant-made biopharmaceutical by FDA for human use, many protein drugs are now in clinical development. Within the last decade, significant advances have been made in expression of heterologous complex/large proteins in chloroplasts of edible plants using codon optimized human or viral genes. Furthermore, advances in quantification enable determination of in-planta drug dosage. Oral delivery of plastid-made biopharmaceuticals (PMB) is affordable because it eliminates prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification processes addressing major challenges of short shelf-life after cold storage. In this review, we discuss recent advances in PMBs against metabolic, inherited or infectious diseases, and also mechanisms of post-translational modifications (PTM) in order to increase our understanding of functional PMBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
authors.forename: Balamurugan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shanmugaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA. Electronic address: hdaniell@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniell
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins