title: Patterns of testosterone prescription overuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been an increase in the prescribing of testosterone therapy in the past decade. There is concern that at least part of this increase is driven by advertising rather than sound medical practice. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent trends in testosterone prescribing, and to examine whether testosterone is being appropriately prescribed as per guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both global and U.S. data reflect an overall increase in the use of testosterone in the last decade, although there are early signs of a decline in testosterone sales since 2014. This increased prescribing has been accompanied with an overall increase in testing for testosterone levels, prescription of testosterone without the appropriate diagnostic evaluation recommended by clinical practice guidelines, and apparent use of this therapy for unproven medical conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research to date suggests that there is room to improve our prescribing of testosterone. Greater understanding of the potential provider-level and system-level factors that contribute to the current prescribing practices may help accomplish such improvement.
authors.affiliation: aCenter for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), ENRM VAMC, Bedford. bDepartment of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston cResearch Program in Men's Health, Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston dRAND Corporation, Boston, MA eDepartment of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Guneet K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Jasuja
authors.forename: Shalender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhasin
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D003146:Communications Media; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D000067490:Prescription Drug Overuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone