title: Enhanced degradation of spiro-insecticides and their leacher enol derivatives in soil by solarization and biosolarization techniques.
abstract: The leaching potential of three insecticides (spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat) was assessed using disturbed soil columns. Small quantities of spirodiclofen and spiromesifen were detected in leachate fraction, while spirotetramat residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, the transformation products (enol derivatives) are relatively more mobile than the parent compounds and may leach into groundwater. Moreover, the use of disinfection soil techniques (solarization and biosolarization) to enhance their degradation rates in soil was investigated. The results show that both practices achieved a reduction in the number of juvenile nematodes, enhancing in a parallel way degradation rates of the insecticides and their enol derivatives as compared with the non-disinfected soil. This behavior can be mainly attributed to the increase in soil temperature and changes in microbial activity. All insecticides showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. As a consequence, both agronomic techniques could be considered as suitable strategies for detoxification of soils polluted with the studied pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain. jose.fenoll@carm.es.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fenoll
authors.affiliation: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de Los Jerónimos, s/n. Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.affiliation: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Caridad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología. Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Simón
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides; D009348:Nematoda; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013141:Spiro Compounds
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C521569:spiromesifen
keywords: Groundwater pollution; Organic amendments; Pesticide movement; Soil decontamination; Solar heating