title: Challenges in Dermal Delivery of Therapeutic Antimicrobial Protein and Peptides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein and peptides in biological system form an important part of innate immune system and are being explored for potential use in various diseases as therapeutics. Importance of proteins and peptides as a new class of antimicrobial agents has boosted research in the field of biotechnology as potential alternative to antibiotic agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Protein and peptides antimicrobial as a therapeutic class are structurally diverse and exhibit potent activity against microbes by various mechanisms. However, they present formidable challenge in formulation due to requirement of specific spatial configuration for their activity and stability. Thus, encapsulation of these therapeutics in various nano-systems may sustain activity along with improvement in stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The article highlights the need for antimicrobial peptides in dermal infections along with discussion of mechanism of their action. It highlights challenges faced for dermal delivery and research carried out for their successful delivery using nano-systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is widely realized that these novel classes of therapeutic agents have tremendous market potential to emerge as an alternative to conventional antibiotic agents for combating issue of multidrug resistant microbial species. Research in their delivery aspects by use of current advances made in delivery systems through use of nanoconstructs offers much needed area for exploration and achieving success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As there is an urgent need for coming up with new therapeutic agents for encompassing the increased burden of microbial diseases in human population as well as their delivery challenges, research in field will give the much-needed strategic advantage against pathogenic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan Campus, Vadodara - 390001, Gujarat. India.
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lalani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara. India.
authors.forename: Ambikanandan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan Campus, Vadodara - 390001, Gujarat. India.
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amrutiya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan Campus, Vadodara - 390001, Gujarat. India.
authors.forename: Hinal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan Campus, Vadodara - 390001, Gujarat. India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan Campus, Vadodara - 390001, Gujarat. India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; clinical trial; dermal delivery; liposomes; nanoparticles; resistance