title: Mediating effect of coping styles on the association between psychological capital and psychological distress among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Studies show that psychological capital (PsyCap) is a protective factor against psychological distress, such as depressive symptoms. However, few have attempted to address the role of coping styles in the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Our study found moderate levels of PsyCap among nurses in China. Among the subcategories of PsyCap, optimism and hope were most highly correlated with psychological distress. Psychological distress was positively associated with negative coping and negatively associated with positive coping. This study confirmed the partial mediating effect of coping styles in PsyCap and psychological distress among Chinese nurses. In other words, this study found direct and indirect effects of PsyCap on psychological distress mediated via coping styles. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The significant mediating effect of negative and positive coping styles between PsyCap and psychological distress has implications for hospital administrators, especially nurse leaders. Effective strategies should be implemented to improve PsyCap and coping styles among Chinese nurses, and alleviate psychological distress. Optimism and hope should be emphasized in PsyCap investment. Different styles of coping are influenced and modified by teaching and experience. Therefore, it is essential that nurse managers organize educational and training programmes to provide nurses with relative coping knowledge and techniques, and improve their coping ability. Several studies suggest that coping styles are affected by social support. Thus, nurse managers should assist nurses with social support and enhance coping strategies to reduce psychological distress.
  Introduction PsyCap includes four categories namely self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Research has demonstrated that PsyCap and coping styles affect current psychological distress. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the role of coping styles in PsyCap and psychological distress. Aim This study investigated the role of coping styles as a mediator in PsyCap and psychological distress among Chinese nurses. Methods Participants included 538 nurses who completed self-report questionnaires assessing PsyCap, coping styles and psychological distress. Linear regression analyses were used to explore the role of coping styles. Results PsyCap, coping styles and psychological distress were significantly correlated. Among the subcategories of PsyCap, optimism and hope were most highly correlated with psychological distress. Coping styles is a partial mediator of PsyCap and psychological distress. Implications for mental health nursing The significant role of negative and positive coping styles in PsyCap and psychological distress has implications for hospital administrators, especially nurse leaders. Effective strategies should be implemented to improve PsyCap and coping styles among Chinese nurses, to alleviate psychological distress. Optimism and hope should be the focus of the improvement. Different styles of coping are developed from education and experience. Therefore, it is necessary for nurse managers to organize educational and training programmes to improve coping skills among nurses. Studies suggest that coping styles are affected by social support. Thus, nurse managers should also assist nurses with social support and enhance coping strategies to reduce psychological distress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Huna, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Beijiao Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Information, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D000067656:Optimism; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Chinese nurses; coping styles; psychological capital; psychological distress