title: Stack and fugitive emissions of major air pollutants from typical brick kilns in China.
abstract: Little information exists on emission factors (EFs, quantities of pollutants emitted per unit of fuel consumed) for brick kilns in China, although brick kilns are important emission sources of many air pollutants, and 45% of the world's bricks are produced in China. In this study, EFs of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PMs), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for brick kilns were derived based on field measurements of a total of 18 brick kilns of major types in China. This was the first study to quantify EFs of both stack and fugitive sources based on a modified carbon balance method that was developed for this study. The EFs of most pollutants, especially the incomplete combustion products in fugitive emissions, were much higher than those for stack emissions, indicating a substantial underestimation of total emissions when leakage is not taken into consideration. This novel method can be applied to quantify emissions from other similar sources with both stack and fugitive emissions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Yuanchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Weijian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Yuanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow at National Risk Management and Research Laboratory (NRMRL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27713, USA.
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Shuiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China.
authors.forename: Bianhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China.
authors.forename: Gehui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Eddy Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Hefa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address: taos@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D003252:Construction Materials; D066192:Manufacturing Industry / Q000379:methods*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D053260:Soot; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Brick kilns; Fugitive emission; Major pollutants; New calculating method; Stack emission