title: Versatility of the Profunda Artery Perforator Flap: Creative Uses in Breast Reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flaps based on the profunda artery perforators were first used for reconstruction of pressure sores, burn contractures, and extremity wounds. Recently, a revised profunda artery perforator flap was introduced for breast reconstruction. However, the flap is rarely used despite interesting reports on its use. The authors present their experience with the profunda artery perforator flap, describing its versatile applications in breast reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients of the lead author who underwent breast reconstruction with profunda artery perforator flaps before January of 2015. Patient demographics, perioperative data, and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three consecutive profunda artery perforator flaps were used to reconstruct 71 breasts. In 21 breasts, a profunda artery perforator flap was used in conjunction with another flap-with a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (n = 18), a superior gluteal artery perforator flap (n = 1), or as stacked profunda artery perforator flaps (n = 2). The flap failure rate was 2.7 percent. There was one case of clinically apparent fat necrosis. There were no other major flap complications. Donor-site complications included cellulitis in two thighs (2.7 percent) and minor wound dehiscence in six thighs (8.2 percent). All donor-site complications healed satisfactorily by secondary intention without any additional procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The profunda artery perforator flap is a safe and versatile option for breast reconstruction. It can be combined with other flaps when additional volume or skin requirements are present. Flap and donor-site complications are comparable to other free tissue breast reconstruction options.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, IV.
authors.affiliation: Dallas, Texas.|From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.affiliation: Dallas, Texas.|From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
authors.forename: Purushottam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagarkar
authors.affiliation: Dallas, Texas.|From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
authors.forename: Sumeet S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Teotia
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000098:blood supply*; D012189:Retrospective Studies