title: Clinical Applications of Personalized Medicine: A New Paradigm and Challenge.
abstract: The personalized medicine is an emergent and rapidly developing method of clinical practice that uses new technologies to provide decisions in regard to the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. A continuous evolution of technology and the developments in molecular diagnostics and genomic analysis increased the possibility of an even more understanding and interpretation of the human genome and exome, allowing a "personalized" approach to clinical care, so that the concepts of "Systems Medicine" and "System Biology" are actually increasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the personalized medicine about its indications and benefits, actual clinical applications and future perspectives as well as its issues and health care implications. A careful review of the scientific literature on this field that highlighted the applicability and usefulness of this new medical approach as well as the fact that personalized medicine strategy is even more increasing in numerous fields of applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariantonia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Sanzo
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolloni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome. Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borro
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Russa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santurro
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scopetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome. Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simmaco
authors.affiliation: Malzoni Clinical-Scientific Institute (MaCSI), Via Carmelo Errico 2, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frati
mesh_terms: D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
keywords: Personalized medicine; genetic tests; genomic medicine; healthcare; medicine system; molecular diagnostic; pharmacogenomics; precision medicine