title: Simultaneous determination of 13 carbohydrates using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple, accurate, and highly sensitive method was developed for the determination of 13 carbohydrates in polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometry. Samples were extracted with deionized water using ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design. Then the extracted polysaccharide was hydrolyzed by adding 1 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid before determination by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection and confirmed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection method was performed on a CarboPac PA20 column by gradient elution using deionized water, 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, and 0.4 mol/L sodium acetate solution. Excellent linearity was observed in the range of 0.05-10 mg/L. The average recoveries ranged from 80.7 to 121.7%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for 13 carbohydrates were 0.02-0.10 and 0.2-1.2  μg/kg, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied to ambient samples, and the results indicated that high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometry could provide a rapid and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of carbohydrates.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.|College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hanqiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004563:Electrochemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: carbohydrates; high-performance anion-exchange chromatography; mass spectrometry; pulsed amperometric detection; ultrasound-assisted extraction