title: A prospective follow up of age related changes in the subchondral bone density of the talus of healthy Labrador Retrievers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During growth, the skeletal structures adapt to the increased loading conditions and mature to a fully-grown skeleton. Subchondral bone density reflects the effect of long-term joint loading and it is expected to change over time. The aim of this study was to describe the long-term changes in the density distribution of the subchondral bone of the talus of healthy Labrador Retrievers in a prospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subchondral bone density distribution was evaluated using computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Visually, all joints showed very similar density distribution patterns. No significant differences in the topography of the density maxima were found between t1and t2. The mean density, maximum density, and maximum area ratio (MAR) were significantly increased with increasing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subchondral bone density of the talus of healthy Labrador Retrievers increases with increasing age. It is likely an adaptive response of the subchondral bone due to increased joint loading during growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. walter.dingemanse@ugent.be.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dingemanse
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller-Gerbl
authors.affiliation: Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Section, Faculty of Engineering Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: J Vander
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sloten
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Bree
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gielen
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013628:Talus / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: CTOAM; Dog; Growth; Subchondral bone; Talus