title: Evaluation of team-based learning in a doctor of physical therapy curriculum in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate students' academic outcomes after implementation of the team-based learning (TBL) approach in patient/client management courses in an entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) curriculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research design of this study involved comparing written and practical exam scores from DPT student cohorts taught with the traditional instructional methods (lecture-based) to those of students from subsequent cohorts taught using the TBL approach in two patient/client management courses: basic skills and cardiopulmonary. For this comparison, the exams used, the number of contact hours and labs, and the instructors who taught these courses remained the same during the transition between these two instructional methods (traditional vs. TBL). The average of all individual course exam scores was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both courses, there were no meaningful differences in the mean exam scores among students across years of cohorts receiving the same instructional method, which allowed clustering students from different years of cohorts in each course receiving the same instructional method into one group. For both courses, the mean exam score was significantly higher in the TBL group than in the traditional instruction group: basic skills course (P<0.001) and cardiopulmonary course (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Student cohorts taught using the TBL approach academically outperformed those who received the traditional instructional method in both entry-level DPT patient/client management courses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA.
authors.forename: Donald H
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9297-2760
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lein
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2717-6236
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lowman
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9659-3984
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Eidson
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA.
authors.forename: Hon K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5696-1845
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D059825:Physical Therapists / Q000193:education; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013663:Teaching; D014481:United States
keywords: Education, Professional; Educational measurement; Health occupations; Physical therapists; Students