title: Assessment of Glycolytic Flux and Mitochondrial Respiration in the Course of Autophagic Responses.
abstract: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that mediates prominent homeostatic functions, both at the cellular and organismal level. Indeed, baseline autophagy not only ensures the disposal of cytoplasmic entities that may become cytotoxic upon accumulation, but also contributes to the maintenance of metabolic fitness in physiological conditions. Likewise, autophagy plays a fundamental role in the cellular and organismal adaptation to homeostatic perturbations of metabolic, physical, or chemical nature. Thus, the molecular machinery for autophagy is functionally regulated by a broad panel of sensors that detect indicators of metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, increases in autophagic flux have a direct impact on core metabolic circuitries including (but not limited to) glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Here, we detail a simple methodological approach to monitor these two processes in cultured cancer cells that mount a proficient autophagic response to stress.
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Saclay/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bravo-San Pedro
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pietrocola
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maiuri
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: kroemer@orange.fr.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: deadoc@vodafone.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006019:Glycolysis; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
keywords: Extracellular acidification rate; Lactate; Nutrient deprivation; Oxygen consumption rate; Rapamycin; Seahorse XF(e) extracellular flux analyzer