title: Aminophylline Effect on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aminophylline increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aminophylline on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups. In the sham group (group S, n = 10), only right nephrectomy was performed. In the control group (group C, n = 10), after right nephrectomy, the mice were subjected to 30 minutes of left renal ischemia. In the aminophylline group (group A, n = 10), an intraperitoneal injection of aminophylline (5 mg/kg) was performed before renal ischemia. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the mice were euthanized, and plasma and kidney samples were obtained to analyze the serum creatinine, renal histology, and expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum creatinine concentration in group C was markedly elevated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Aminophylline treatment significantly reduced serum creatinine, compared with group C. Aminophylline also reduced the histological evidence of renal damage. The expression levels of NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA were significantly increased in group C (P < .001). Group A showed lower expression of NF-kB, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-2, and ICAM-1 mRNA than group C (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aminophylline treatment improved the renal function and indexes of renal inflammation, which suggests that it provided reno-protection against renal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: D-W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Medical Science, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: flood1@naver.com.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000628:Aminophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009393:Nephritis / Q000517:prevention & control; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000628:Aminophylline; D003404:Creatinine