title: Specific Etiologies Associated With the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Children: Part 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a number of conditions and therapies associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome presented as part of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Multiple Organ Dysfunction Workshop (March 26-27, 2015). In addition, the relationship between burn injuries and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is also included although it was not discussed at the workshop.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review, research data, and expert opinion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Moderated by an expert from the field, issues relevant to the association of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with a variety of conditions and therapies were presented, discussed, and debated with a focus on identifying knowledge gaps and the research priorities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Summary of presentations and discussion supported and supplemented by relevant literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sepsis and trauma are the two conditions most commonly associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome both in children and adults. However, many other pathophysiologic processes may result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In this article, we discuss conditions such as liver failure and pancreatitis, pathophysiologic processes such as ischemia and hypoxia, and injuries such as trauma and burns. Additionally, therapeutic interventions such as medications, blood transfusions, transplantation may also precipitate and contribute to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The purpose of this article is to describe the association of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with a variety of conditions and therapies in an attempt to identify similarities, differences, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. 3Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, NC. 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, UT-Health, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX. 5Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO. 6Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Upperman
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bucuvalas
authors.forename: Felicia N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doctor
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tamburro
mesh_terms: D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000150:complications; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors