title: [Magnetic Resonance Imaging Conversion Predictors of Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinically isolated syndrome may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis, a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and it is defined by a single clinical episode suggestive of demyelination. However, patients with this syndrome, even with long term follow up, may not develop new symptoms or demyelinating lesions that fulfils multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. We reviewed, in clinically isolated syndrome, what are the best magnetic resonance imaging findings that may predict its conversion to multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was made in the PubMed database for papers published between January 2010 and June 2015 using the following terms: 'clinically isolated syndrome', 'cis', 'multiple sclerosis', 'magnetic resonance imaging', 'magnetic resonance' and 'mri'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this review, the following conventional magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities found in literature were included: lesion load, lesion location, Barkhof's criteria and brain atrophy related features. The non conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques studied were double inversion recovery, magnetization transfer imaging, spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number and location of demyelinating lesions have a clear role in predicting clinically isolated syndrome conversion to multiple sclerosis. On the other hand, more data are needed to confirm the ability to predict this disease development of non conventional techniques and remaining neuroimaging abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In forthcoming years, in addition to the established predictive value of the above mentioned neuroimaging abnormalities, different clinically isolated syndrome neuroradiological findings may be considered in multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria and/or change its treatment recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurociências Clínicas e Saúde Mental. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal.; Serviço de Neurologia. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto. Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abreu
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: Doenças Autoimunes Desmielinizantes do Sistema Nervoso Central; Esclerose Múltipla; Prognóstico; Ressonância Magnética.