title: "Fusion and binding inhibition" key target for HIV-1 treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis: targets, drug delivery and nanotechnology approaches.
abstract: More than 35 million people are living with HIV worldwide with approximately 2.3 million new infections per year. Cascade of events (cell entry, virus replication, assembly and release of newly formed virions) is involved in the HIV-1 transmission process. Every single step offers a potential therapeutic strategy to halt this progression and HIV fusion into the human host cell is one such stage. Controlling the initial event of HIV-1 transmission is the best way to control its dissemination especially when prophylaxis is concerned. Action is required either on the HIV's or host's cell surface which is logically more rational when compared with other intracellular acting moieties. Aim of this manuscript is to detail the significance and current strategies to halt this initial step, thus blocking the entry of HIV-1 for further infection. Both HIV-1 and the possible host cell's receptors/co-receptors are under focus while specifying the targets available for inhibiting this fusion. Current and under investigation moieties are categorized based on their versatile mechanisms. Advanced drug delivery and nanotechnology approaches present a key tool to exploit the therapeutic potential in a boosted way. Current drug delivery and the impact of nanotechnology in potentiating this strategy are detailed.
authors.affiliation: a DBT Lab, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , Moga , India and.
authors.forename: Tanushree
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: a DBT Lab, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , Moga , India and.|b Centre for Nanosciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur , India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: a DBT Lab, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , Moga , India and.
authors.forename: Goutam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: a DBT Lab, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , Moga , India and.
authors.forename: R S R
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: a DBT Lab, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , Moga , India and.
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Goyal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D053585:Virus Attachment / Q000187:drug effects*; D053586:Virus Internalization / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors
keywords: HIV transmission; drug delivery; fusion inhibition; nanotechnology; targets