title: Modulation of ARTS and XIAP by Parkin Is Associated with Carnosic Acid Protects SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Apoptosis.
abstract: The mediation of apoptosis-related protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway (ARTS) and X-liked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) by parkin plays a critical role in preventing Parkinson's disease. We studied whether carnosic acid (CA) could prevent 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis by modulating ARTS and XIAP through parkin in SH-SY5Y cells. In cells treated with 6-OHDA, the protein expression of ARTS is increased and XIAP is decreased. Pretreatment of cells with CA reversed these effects. Moreover, CA attenuated the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 7 by 6-OHDA. By immunoprecipitation with ARTS antibody, we found that 6-OHDA increased the protein expression of XIAP. However, pretreatment of cells with CA reduced XIAP protein and increased the ubiquitination of ARTS. Silencing of parkin attenuated the ability of CA to reverse the induction of ARTS and apoptotic-related proteins and the reduction of XIAP and parkin protein by 6-OHDA. Similarly, reversal of 6-OHDA-induced nuclear condensation and apoptotic-related proteins by CA was inhibited in cells with XIAP silencing. In conclusion, CA induces parkin by enhancing the ubiquitination of ARTS, leading to induction of XIAP. This may be a novel strategy for preventing Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ru-Huei
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. cwtsai@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058112:Septins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D016627:Oxidopamine; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein; C492027:SEPTIN4 protein, human; D058112:Septins; C018381:salvin
keywords: ARTS; Carnosic acid; Neuroprotection; Parkin; XIAP