title: Joint Toxicity of Arsenic, Copper and Glyphosate on Behavior, Reproduction and Heat Shock Protein Response in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: The soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used in 24-h acute exposures to arsenic (As), copper (Cu) and glyphosate (GPS) and to mixtures of As/Cu and As/GPS to investigate the effects of mixture exposures in the worms. A synergistic type of interaction was observed for acute toxicity with the As/Cu and As/GPS mixtures. Sublethal 24-h exposures of 1/1000, 1/100 and 1/10 of the LC50 concentrations for As, Cu and GPS individually and for As/Cu and As/GPS mixtures were conducted to observe responses in locomotory behavior (head thrashing), reproduction, and heat shock protein expression. Head thrash frequency and reproduction exhibited concentration dependent decreases in both individual and combined exposures to the tested chemical stressors, and showed synergistic interactions even at micromolar concentrations. Furthermore, the HSP70 protein level was significantly increased following exposure to individual and combined chemical stressors in wild-type C. elegans. Our findings establish for the first time the effects of exposure to As/GPS and As/Cu mixtures in C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China. wangyb@iga.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yunbiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
authors.forename: Anastasia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ezemaduka
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Institute of Education, Changchun, 130022, China.
authors.forename: Zhuheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
authors.forename: Zhanyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China. songct681@nenu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chuantao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects*; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic; D003300:Copper; D005998:Glycine; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Arsenic; Caenorhabditis elegans; Ecotoxicological biomarker; Heat shock proteins; Mixture toxicity