title: Temporal Trends in Mortality from Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in Mexico, 1980-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past decades, the decline in mortality from stroke has been more pronounced in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated changes in temporal stroke mortality trends in Mexico according to sex and type of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed stroke mortality from Mexico's National Health Information System for the period from 1980 to 2012. We analyzed age-adjusted mortality rates by sex, type of stroke, and age group. The annual percentage change and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the slopes of the age-adjusted mortality trends were determined using joinpoint regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-adjusted mortality rates due to stroke decreased between 1980 and 2012, from 44.55 to 33.47 per 100,000 inhabitants, and the AAPC (95% confidence interval [CI]) was -.9 (-1.0 to -.7). The AAPC for females was -1.1 (-1.5 to -.7) and that for males was -.7 (-.9 to -.6). People older than 65 years showed the highest mortality throughout the period. Between 1980 and 2012, the AAPC (95% CI) for ischemic stroke was -3.8 (-4.8 to -2.8) and was -.5 (-.8 to -.2) for hemorrhagic stroke. For the same period, the AAPC for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was -.7 (-1.6 to .2) and that for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was 1.6 (.4-2.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age-adjusted mortality rates of all strokes combined, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and ICH, decreased between 1980 and 2012 in Mexico. However, the increase in SAH mortality makes it necessary to explore the risk factors and clinical management of this type of stroke.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health of Mexico, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Copytzy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Campuzano-Rincón
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suarez, México City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Calleja-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Anaid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Del Socorro
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: Economy Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moreno-Macias
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico. Electronic address: chernand@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández-Girón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality
keywords: Mexico; Stroke; epidemiology; mortality trends