title: Kyasanur forest disease virus breaking the endemic barrier: An investigation into ecological effects on disease emergence and future outlook.
abstract: Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is found in a limited range of India, but is epidemiologically understudied. The seasonal patterns of KFD are well known; however, the significant concern is on the extent to which changes in epidemiology happen especially under the influence of ecological destructions and by the eventual effects of resulting climate change. Presently, a southward and northward spread of the Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) along the Western Ghats has been reported in the adjoining states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Maharashtra. In this review, we investigate the cascade of factors that might have facilitated the resurgence of KFDV among the endemic regions in higher frequency and its recent emergence in the area previously not reported. Utilizing published data, we additionally endeavour to exhibit a portion of the impediments of control systems and embody the powerful option strategies for developing KFDV control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ajesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sir M V Government Science College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2883-9628
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sreejith
mesh_terms: D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004669:Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007733:Kyasanur Forest Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: 
  Haemaphysalis spinigera
  ; Flaviviridae; Kyasanur forest disease; Western Ghats; deforestation; haemorrhagic fever