title: What do we know about brief interventions for physical activity that could be delivered in primary care consultations? A systematic review of reviews.
abstract: This systematic review of reviews aims to investigate how brief interventions (BIs) are defined, whether they increase physical activity, which factors influence their effectiveness, who they are effective for, and whether they are feasible and acceptable. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, DARE, HTA database, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index, and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network from their inception until May 2015 to identify systematic reviews of the effectiveness of BIs aimed at promoting physical activity in adults, reporting a physical activity outcome and at least one BI that could be delivered in a primary care setting. A narrative synthesis was conducted. We identified three specific BI reviews and thirteen general reviews of physical activity interventions that met the inclusion criteria. The BI reviews reported varying definitions of BIs, only one of which specified a maximum duration of 30min. BIs can increase self-reported physical activity in the short term, but there is insufficient evidence about their long-term impact, their impact on objectively measured physical activity, and about the factors that influence their effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability. Current definitions include BIs that are too long for primary care consultations. Practitioners, commissioners and policy makers should be aware of this when interpreting evidence about BIs, and future research should develop and evaluate very brief interventions (of 5min or less) that could be delivered in a primary care consultation.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom. Electronic address: L.Lamming@bradford.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamming
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sp643@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pears
authors.affiliation: Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford BD9 6RJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Dan.Mason@bthft.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom. Electronic address: km576@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mab91@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bijker
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom. Electronic address: srs34@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, United Kingdom; School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: W.Hardeman@uea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hardeman
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D005791:Patient Care; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012017:Referral and Consultation
keywords: Brief interventions; Physical activity; Primary care; Systematic review