title: Determinants of Adiposity Rebound Timing in Children.
abstract: Adiposity rebound (AR) or BMI (body mass index) rebound refers to the increase in BMI following the minimum BMI in early childhood. Early AR (before age 5) is predictive of adult obesity. To determine how 4 domains - demographics, maternal BMI, food security, and behavioral characteristics - may affect timing of AR.
  
  
  
  A total of 248 children, ages 2.5-3.5 years, in Latino farmworker families in North Carolina were examined at baseline and every 3 months for 2 years. BMI was plotted serially for each child and the onset of BMI rebound was determined by visual inspection of the graphs. Given the ages of the children, all rebounds were detected before age 5 years and were deemed "early," whereas other children were classified as "nonrebounders." Classes were then compared in terms of the 4 domains with the use of bivariate analyses and linear mixed models.
  
  
  
  A total of 131 children demonstrated early rebound, 59 children were nonrebounders, and a further 35 had inconclusive data. Parents of early rebounders were less likely to have documentation permitting legal residence in the US. Mothers of early rebounders were on average 3 BMI units heavier. Sex, household food security, diet quality, caloric intake, and daily activity did not differ between classes. In multivariable analysis, female sex, limited maternal education, increased maternal BMI, and increased caloric intake were significant predictors of early rebound.
  
  
  
  High maternal BMI was the strongest predictor of early BMI rebound, but increased caloric intake also was significant. Limiting excess calories could delay premature AR and lower the risk of future obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saldana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Cynthia K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Suerken
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Arcury
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Electronic address: squandt@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Quandt
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Latino farmworker families; childhood obesity; determinants of adiposity rebound timing; diet; early adiposity rebound; food security; maternal body mass index; physical activity