title: Mid-diastolic left ventricular volume and mass: Normal values for coronary computed tomography angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adoption of prospectively ECG-triggered acquisition coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) has resulted in the inability to measure left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic volume and LV ejection fraction. However other prognostic measures such as LV mass and LV mid-diastolic volume (LVMDV) can still be assessed. The objective of this study is to establish normal reference values for LVMDV and LV mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular mid-diastolic volumes and LV mass were prospectively measured in 2647 consecutive 'normal' patients undergoing prospectively ECG-triggered coronary CTA. Patients with known coronary artery disease (prior myocardial infarction or prior revascularization), heart failure, congenital heart disease, heart transplant or prior cardiac surgery were excluded. Commercially available software was used to calculate the LVMDV and LV mass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 2647 patient cohort (mean age = 58 years, 54% men), the mean LVMDV indexed for body surface area was 57.5 ± 15.3 mL/m2and 64.5 ± 20.2 mL/m2for women and men, respectively. The mean indexed LV mass was 52.2 ± 10.9 g/m2for women and 63.6 ± 13.7 g/m2for men. Indexed LVMDV decreased with increasing age. The presence of hypertension, diabetes and obstructive coronary artery disease did not have a clinically relevant impact on these values. Age and sex specific upper limits of normal were defined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We establish normal reference ranges for LVMDV and LV mass using prospectively ECG-triggered coronary CTA. These benchmarks may identify patients at increased risk of adverse events, supporting the potential for clinical reporting of these metrics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juneau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erthal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clarkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Atif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alzahrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alenazy
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alomgir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Joao R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Inacio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rybicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: bchow@ottawaheart.ca.
authors.forename: Benjamin J W
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003971:Diastole; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012016:Reference Values; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: Computed tomography coronary angiography; End-diastolic volume; Left ventricle mass; Mid-diastolic volume