title: Acute exercise boosts cell proliferation and the heat shock response in lymphocytes: correlation with cytokine production and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio.
abstract: Exercise stimulates immune responses, but the appropriate "doses" for such achievements are unsettled. Conversely, in metabolic tissues, exercise improves the heat shock (HS) response, a universal cytoprotective response to proteostasis challenges that are centred on the expression of the 70-kDa family of intracellular heat shock proteins (iHSP70), which are anti-inflammatory. Concurrently, exercise triggers the export of HSP70 towards the extracellular milieu (eHSP70), where they work as pro-inflammatory cytokines. As the HS response is severely compromised in chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature, we wondered whether acute exercise bouts of different intensities could alter the HS response of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs and whether this would be related to immunoinflammatory responses. Adult male Wistar rats swam for 20 min at low, moderate, high or strenuous intensities as per an overload in tail base. Controls remained at rest under the same conditions. Afterwards, mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were assessed for the potency of the HS response (42 °C for 2 h), NF-κB binding activity, mitogen-stimulated proliferation and cytokine production. Exercise stimulated cell proliferation in an "inverted-U" fashion peaking at moderate load, which was paralleled by suppression of NF-κB activation and nuclear location, and followed by enhanced HS response in relation to non-exercised animals. Comparative levels of eHSP70 to iHSP70 (H-index) matched IL-2/IL-10 ratios. We conclude that exercise, in a workload-dependent way, stimulates immunoinflammatory performance of lymphocytes of tissues far from the circulation and this is associated with H-index of stress response, which is useful to assess training status and immunosurveillance balance.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Rua do Comércio, 3000, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil. gomesheck@yahoo.com.|Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil. gomesheck@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Thiago Gomes
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.|Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sofia Pizzato
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Scomazzon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Renck
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinthia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schöler
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Stumpf
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Faccioni-Heuser
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Barbosa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bazotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.|Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - 13° Andar, Bloco B, Sala 1302, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil. pauloivo@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Paulo Ivo
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Homem de Bittencourt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Exercise; HSP70; HSP70 H-index; Heat shock response; Immune function; Inflammation; Lymphocyte; eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio