title: miRNAs: Major modulators for crop growth and development under abiotic stresses.
abstract: Cumulatively, biotic and abiotic stresses of various magnitudes can decrease the production of crops by 70%. miRNAs have emerged as a genetic tool with enormous potential that can be exploited to understand stress tolerance at the molecular level and eventually regulate stress in crops. Plant miRNA targets frequently fit into diverse families of TFs that control the expression of genes related to a certain trait. As key machinery in gene regulatory networks, it is agreed that a broad understanding of miRNAs will greatly increase our understanding of plant responses to environmental stresses. miRNA-led stress regulatory networks are being considered as novel tools for the development of abiotic stress tolerance in crops. At this time, we need to expand our knowledge about the modulatory role of miRNAs during environmental fluctuations. It has become exceedingly clear that with increased understanding of the role of miRNAs during stress, the techniques for using miRNA-mediated gene regulation to enhance plant stress tolerance will become more effective and reliable. In this review we present: (1) miRNAs as a potential avenue for the modulation of abiotic stresses, and (2) summarize the research progress regarding plant responses to stress. Current progress is explained through discussion of the identification and validation of several miRNAs that enhance crop tolerance of salinity, drought, etc., while missing links on different aspects of miRNAs related to abiotic stress tolerance are noted.
authors.affiliation: College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noman
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. shah.fahad@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fahad
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aqeel
authors.affiliation: National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Amanullah
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sumera
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shahbaz Khan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Baloch
authors.affiliation: College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Madiha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zainab
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators
keywords: Environment; Gene expression; Growth regulators; Plant responses; Stress tolerance; miRNA