title: Identification of "Huoshan shihu" Fengdou: Comparative authentication of the Daodi herb Dendrobium huoshanense and its related species by macroscopic and microscopic features.
abstract: "Huoshan shihu," derived from Dendrobium huoshanense, is a well-known, valuable, and rare Daodi herb. Because of its higher price and scarce resources, its related species D. officinale and D. moniliforme are usually presented as "Huoshan shihu" for sale. Fengdou, the processed form of D. huoshanense, its identification is particularly important. To effectively identify Fengdou of D. huoshanense and protect the Daodi herb, the morphological and microscopic characteristics of the stems of three Dendrobium species were examined. The results showed that macroscopic and microscopic features helpful for identification of the three species were the total lengths and internode numbers of stems, diameter and length of each internode, number of vascular bundles, and presence or absence of silica masses. The key features useful for distinguishing between D. huoshanense and its related species, and also between their Fengdou, were the stem lengths and the trends of change in diameter in different internodes. The results of the study indicated that a combination of macroscopic and microscopic identification techniques might conveniently and effectively be applied for identification of Dendrobium species. "Longtou Fengwei" is the main feature of the Daodi herb "Huoshan shihu," (D. huoshanense Fengdou) and reflects the wisdom behind the protection of Daodi herbs in ancient times.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
authors.forename: Yujiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Synergetic Innovation Center of Dendrobia Industrialization Development in Anhui Province, Lu'an, 237012, China.
authors.forename: Bangxing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.|Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
authors.forename: Huasheng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-1543
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Ji'nan, 250014, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Synergetic Innovation Center of Dendrobia Industrialization Development in Anhui Province, Lu'an, 237012, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230012, China.
authors.forename: Daiyin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D031667:Dendrobium / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: Dendrobium huoshanense; identification; macroscopic; microscopic; “Huoshan shihu” Fengdou