title: The effect of coloring liquid dipping time on the fracture load and color of zirconia ceramics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to evaluate the fracture load of zirconia core material after dipping in coloring liquid at different time intervals and to compare the color of dipped blocks with that of prefabricated shaded blocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  3-unit bridge frameworks were designed digitally. Sixty frameworks were fabricated using uncolored zirconia blocks by CAD/CAM and divided into 4 groups randomly (n = 15). Group 2 (G2) was subjected to coloring liquids for 2 minutes, Group 4 (G4) for 4 minutes, and Group 6 (G6) for 6 minutes. CFS group was not subjected to any coloring procedure. After coloring, color differences between the test groups and a prefabricated shaded zirconia group (CPZ, n = 15) were evaluated by using a spectrophotometer. Fracture test was conducted immediately after shade evaluation with a Testometric test device at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/sec. Statistical analysis for evaluating color and fracture load was performed by using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (P≤ .05). Weibull analysis was conducted for distribution of fracture load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in terms of fracture load and color between CFS (1176.681 N) and G2 (985.638 N) group and between CPZ (81.340) and G2 (81.140) group, respectively. Fracture load values of G4 (779.340 N) and G6 (935.491 N) groups were statistically significantly lower than that of CFS group (P≤ .005). The color values of G4 (79.340) and G6 (79.673) groups were statistically different than that of CPZ group (P≤ .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged immersion of zirconia in coloring liquid not only negatively affected the fracture load of the zirconia being tested in the current study but also deteriorated the desired shade of the restoration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekren
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3237-8003
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orhun
keywords: Color; Coloring liquids; Fracture load; Zirconia