title: Systemic Therapy of Cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common primary malignant liver disease. During the last decades, various novel therapies have been introduced in the field of oncology; nevertheless, the number of treatment options for CC is still limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, current palliative chemotherapy concepts as well as new drug therapies are outlined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gemcitabine and cisplatin are the standard treatment of care for patients with inoperable CC. Second-line chemotherapy is not standardized yet and is dependent on the first-line compounds. Antibodies against VEGFR and EGFR showed mixed or negative results. New molecular systemic treatments are not established yet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many clinical trials are still ongoing and new therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapies, are under active investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruben R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Plentz
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nisar P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Malek
keywords: Chemotherapy; Cholangiocarcinoma; Survival