title: Roles of Signal Transducer Pathways in Investigation of Biopsies from Patients with Bladder Tumors
abstract: Background:The process of development of bladder cancer features alteration of normal biological conditions caused
  by changes in molecular pathways. Removing control over regulation of these pathways could lead to changes in signal
  transduction and abnormal regulation of genes. During tumor formation and progression, genes regulate critical cellular
  processes, involved in cell cycling, growth and death. Here we evaluated the expression and prognostic importance
  of FGFR1, HRAS, CCND1, CCND3, STAT3 and FAS genes. Methods: Tumor tissues of 44 patients diagnosed with
  bladder cancer were investigated for changes in expression levels of FGFR1, HRAS, CCND1, CCND3, FAS and STAT3
  genes by the RT-PCR method. Signal transduction pathways and expression of individual genes related to these pathways
  were analyzed using the “One Sample Test”. Results: There were statistically significant changes in the expression
  levels of HRAS, CCND1, CCND3 and STAT3, but not FGFR1 and FAS genes. Examination of associations with age,
  gender, smoking, chemotherapy, tumor grade and tumor growth pattern using the “Independent Samples Test”, showed
  importance relations between the CCND1 gene and cigarette smoking and sex. Conclusion: Over-expression of HRAS,
  CCND1, CCND3 and STAT3 genes may play roles in bladder cancer development and progression, while cigarette
  smoking is significantly associated with CCND1 gene expression and consequently concluded to be contributing to
  the development of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Email:bayrak.aysegul@yahoo.com and agb6022@gmail.com
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palanduz
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coskunpinar
authors.forename: Oner
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sanli
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armagan
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Topaktas
authors.forename: Kivanc
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cefle
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ucur
keywords: Signal transduction pathways; bladder cancer; gene expression; CCND; STAT3