title: Exploring nurse leader fatigue: a mixed methods study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe hospital nurse leaders' experiences of fatigue.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Fatigue is a critical challenge in nursing. Existing literature focuses on staff nurse fatigue, yet nurse leaders are exposed to high demands that may contribute to fatigue and associated risks to patient, nurse and organisational outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mixed method approach comprising semi-structured interviews and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery scale with 21 nurse administrators (10 nurse managers and 11 nurse executives) from hospitals in a Midwestern state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most nurse leaders experience fatigue; nurse managers reported higher levels of chronic fatigue. Participants identified multiple sources of fatigue including 24 h accountability and intensity of role expectations, and used a combination of wellness, restorative, social support and boundary setting strategies to cope with fatigue. The consequences of nurse leader fatigue include an impact on decision-making, work-life balance and turnover intent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of nurse leader fatigue could impact the turnover intent of nurse administrators and quality of care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the significance and consequences of nurse leader fatigue. As health care organisations continue to raise awareness and establish systems to reduce nurse fatigue, policies and programmes must be adapted to address nurse leader fatigue.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Linsey M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steege
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pinekenstein
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Élise
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Arsenault Knudsen
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rainbow
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: fatigue; nurse executive; nurse leader; nurse managers; quality; turnover