title: Bile acids and cardiovascular function in cirrhosis.
abstract: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and the hyperdynamic syndrome are clinically important complications of cirrhosis, but their exact pathogenesis is still partly unknown. Experimental models have proven the cardiotoxic effects of bile acids and recent studies of their varied receptor-mediated functions offer new insight into their involvement in cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhosis. Bile acid receptors such as farnesoid X-activated receptor and TGR5 are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets in a variety of pathological conditions. These receptors have also recently been identified in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells where they seem to play an important role in cellular metabolism. Chronic cholestasis leading to abnormal levels of circulating bile acids alters the normal signalling pathways and contributes to the development of profound cardiovascular disturbances. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the role of bile acids and their receptors in the generation of cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.|Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.|"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8579-9314
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voiosu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.|"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Theodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voiosu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: bile acids; cholestasis; cirrhosis; cirrhotic cardiomyopathy; farnesoid X-activated receptor; hemodynamics; ursodeoxycholic acid