title: Defense Priming: An Adaptive Part of Induced Resistance.
abstract: Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves the defensive capacity of plants. This phenomenon is marked by an enhanced activation of induced defense mechanisms. Stimuli from pathogens, beneficial microbes, or arthropods, as well as chemicals and abiotic cues, can trigger the establishment of priming by acting as warning signals. Upon stimulus perception, changes may occur in the plant at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels. This phase is called the priming phase. Upon subsequent challenge, the plant effectively mounts a faster and/or stronger defense response that defines the postchallenge primed state and results in increased resistance and/or stress tolerance. Priming can be durable and maintained throughout the plant's life cycle and can even be transmitted to subsequent generations, therefore representing a type of plant immunological memory.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; email: brigitte.mauch@unine.ch , ivan.baccelli@unine.ch.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mauch-Mani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; email: brigitte.mauch@unine.ch , ivan.baccelli@unine.ch.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baccelli
authors.affiliation: Plant Production and Protection (P3) Institute for Translational Plant and Soil Biology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; email: e.luna-diez@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Group, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; email: flors@uji.es.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Flors
mesh_terms: D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological
keywords: adaptive immunity; induced resistance; priming; response to stress; stimuli; transgenerational resistance