title: Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase controlArabidopsiscrossover recombination.
abstract: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination, which creates genetic diversity and balances homolog segregation. Despite these critical functions, crossover frequency varies extensively within and between species. Although natural crossover recombination modifier loci have been detected in plants, causal genes have remained elusive. Using naturalArabidopsis thalianaaccessions, we identified two major recombination quantitative trait loci (rQTLs) that explain 56.9% of crossover variation in Col×Ler F2populations. We mappedrQTL1to semidominant polymorphisms inHEI10, which encodes a conserved ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates crossovers. Nullhei10mutants are haploinsufficient, and, using genome-wide mapping and immunocytology, we show that transformation of additionalHEI10copies is sufficient to more than double euchromatic crossovers. However, heterochromatic centromeres remained recombination-suppressed. The strongestHEI10-mediated crossover increases occur in subtelomeric euchromatin, which is reminiscent of sex differences inArabidopsisrecombination. Our work reveals that HEI10 naturally limitsArabidopsiscrossovers and has the potential to influence the response to selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.|Department of Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ziolkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lambing
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ziolkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kyuha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F Chris H
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martienssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic; D018628:Gene Dosage; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C577066:HEI10 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: Arabidopsis; HEI10; ZMM; meiosis; modifier; recombination