title: Antihyperglycemic Activity of the Leaves fromAnnona cherimolaMiller and Rutin on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annona cherimola, known as "chirimoya" has been reported in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were to validate and assess the traditional use ofA. cherimolaas an antidiabetic agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ethanol extract fromA. cherimola(300 mg/kg, EEAc), subsequent fractions (100 mg/kg), and rutin (30 mg/kg) were studied on alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic (AITD) and normoglycemic rats. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) were performed in normoglycemic rats. Molecular docking technique was used to conduct the computational study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bioassay-guided fractionation of EEAc afforded as major antihyperglycemic compound, rutin. EEAc attenuated postprandial hyperglycemia in acute test using AITD rats (331.5 mg/dL) carrying the glycemic levels to 149.2 mg/dL. Rutin after 2 h, attenuated postprandial hyperglycemia in an acute assay using AITD rats such as EEAc, with maximum effect (150.0 mg/dL) being seen at 4 h. The antihyperglycemic activities of EEAc and rutin were comparable with acarbose (151.3 mg/dL). In the subchronic assay on AITD rats, the EEAc and rutin showed a reduction of the blood glucose levels since the 1stweek of treatment, reaching levels similar to normoglycemic state (116.9 mg/kg) that stayed constant for the rest of the assay. OGTT and OSTT showed that EEAc and rutin significantly lowered blood glucose levels in normoglycemic rats at 2 h after a glucose or sucrose load such as acarbose. Computational molecular docking showed that rutin interacted with four amino acids residues in the enzyme α-glucosidase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that rutin an α-glucosidase inhibitor was responsible in part of the antihyperglycemic activity ofA. cherimola. Itsin vivoantihyperglycemic activity is in good agreement with the traditional use ofA. cherimolafor the treatment of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ethanol extract fromAnnona cherimola(300 mg/kg, EEAc), subsequent fractions (100 mg/kg) and rutin (30 mg/kg) were studied on alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic (AITD) and normoglycemic rats. The results suggest that rutin; an α-glucosidase inhibitor was responsible in part of the antihyperglycemic activity ofA. cherimola. Itsin vivoantihyperglycemic activity is in good agreement with the traditional use ofA. cherimolafor the treatment of diabetes.Abbreviations Used: EEAc: The ethanol extract fromAnnona cherimola, AITD: Alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic rats, OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test, OSTT: Oral sucrose tolerance test, DM: Diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Pharmacology, UMAE Speciality Hospital-2° Floor CORCE National Medical Center Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, CP 06725, México City, México.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calzada
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Pharmacology, UMAE Speciality Hospital-2° Floor CORCE National Medical Center Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, CP 06725, México City, México.
authors.forename: Jesús Iván
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Solares-Pascasio
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics UMAE Pediatric Hospital. Medical Center Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, México.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ordoñez-Razo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Km. 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Unidad Universitaria, C. P. 42076 Pachuca, Hidalgo, México.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velazquez
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Studies and Research, Superior School of Medicine of IPN, Plan de San Luís y Díaz Mirón, CP 11340, México City, México.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics UMAE Pediatric Hospital. Medical Center Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, México.
authors.forename: Normand
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Bioinformátics/ Drug Design, Superior School of Medicine of IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México City, México.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendez-Luna
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Bioinformátics/ Drug Design, Superior School of Medicine of IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México City, México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Correa-Basurto
keywords: Annona cherimola Miller; Annonaceae; rutin; type 2 diabetes mellitus; α-glucosidase