title: Clinical Development of Histamine H4Receptor Antagonists.
abstract: The discovery of the histamine H4receptor (H4R) provided a new avenue for the exploration of the physiological role of histamine, as well as providing a new drug target for the development of novel antihistamines. The first step in this process was the identification of selective antagonists to help unravel the pharmacology of the H4R relative to other histamine receptors. The discovery of the selective H4R antagonist JNJ 7777120 was vital for showing a role for the H4R in inflammation and pruritus. While this compound has been very successful as a tool for understanding the function of the receptor, it has drawbacks, including a short in vivo half-life and hypoadrenocorticism toxicity in rats and dogs, that prevented advancing it into clinical studies. Further research let to the discovery of JNJ 39758979, which, similar to JNJ 7777120, was a potent and selective H4R antagonist and showed anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic activity preclinically. JNJ 39758979 advanced into human clinical studies and showed efficacy in reducing experimental pruritus and in patients with atopic dermatitis. However, development of this compound was terminated due to the occurrence of drug-induced agranulocytosis. This was overcome by developing another H4R antagonist with a different chemical structure, toreforant, that does not appear to have this side effect. Toreforant has been tested in clinical studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or psoriasis. In conclusions there have been many H4R antagonists reported in the literature, but only a few have been studied in humans underscoring the difficulty in finding ligands with all of the properties necessary for testing in the clinic. Nevertheless, the clinical data to date suggests that H4R antagonists can be beneficial in treating atopic dermatitis and pruritus.
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. RTHURMON@its.jnj.com.
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Thurmond
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venable
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Savall
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: La
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snook
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dunford
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011968:Receptors, Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D011968:Receptors, Histamine; D006632:Histamine
keywords: Antihistamines; Atopic dermatitis; Inflammation; JNJ 39758979; JNJ 7777120; Pruritus; Rheumatoid arthritis; Toreforant