title: Validation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics assessed by DSA using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography: preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hemodynamic evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using DSA has not been validated against true flow measurements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate AVM hemodynamics assessed by DSA using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients seen at our institution between 2007 and 2016 with a supratentorial AVM and DSA and QMRA obtained before any treatment were retrospectively reviewed. DSA assessment of AVM flow comprised AVM arterial-to-venous time (A-Vt) and iFlow transit time. A-Vt was defined as the difference between peak contrast intensity in the cavernous internal carotid artery and peak contrast intensity in the draining vein. iFlow transit times were determined using syngo iFlow software. A-Vt and iFlow transit times were correlated with total AVM flow measured using QMRA and AVM angioarchitectural and clinical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  33 patients (mean age 33 years) were included. Nine patients presented with hemorrhage. Mean AVM volume was 9.8 mL (range 0.3-57.7 mL). Both A-Vt (r=-0.47, p=0.01) and iFlow (r=-0.44, p=0.01) correlated significantly with total AVM flow. iFlow transit time was significantly shorter in patients who presented with seizure but A-Vt and iFlow did not vary with other AVM angioarchitectural features such as venous stenosis or hemorrhagic presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A-Vt and iFlow transit times on DSA correlate with cerebral AVM flow measured using QMRA. Thus, these parameters may be used to indirectly estimate AVM flow before and after embolization during angiography in real time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shakur
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brunozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linninger
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Fady T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Charbel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alaraj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angiography; Arteriovenous Malformation; Blood Flow; Magnetic Resonance Angiography