title: Protective effect of crocin and voluntary exercise against oxidative stress in the heart of high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
abstract: Background Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes and diabetic-associated cardiovascular complications. This study investigated the impact of crocin combined with voluntary exercise on heart oxidative stress indicator in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and methods Rats were divided into four groups: diabetes, diabetic-crocin, diabetic-voluntary exercise, diabetic-crocin-voluntary exercise. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet (4 weeks) and injection of streptozotocin (intraperitoneally, 35 mg/kg). Animals received crocin orally (50 mg/kg); voluntary exercise was performed alone or combined with crocin treatment for 8 weeks. Finally, malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured spectrophotometrically. Results Treatment of diabetic rats with crocin and exercise significantly decreased the levels of MDA (p < 0.001) and increased the activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT compared with the untreated diabetic group. In addition, combination of exercise and crocin amplified their effect on antioxidant levels in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Conclusion We suggest that a combination of crocin with voluntary exercise treatment may cause more beneficial effects in antioxidant defense system of heart tissues than the use of crocin or voluntary exercise alone.
authors.affiliation: 1 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghorbanzadeh
authors.affiliation: 2 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: 3 Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mohaddes
authors.affiliation: 2 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dariushnejad
authors.affiliation: 1 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chodari
authors.affiliation: 2 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; C029036:crocin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: antioxidant; crocin; oxidative stress; type 2 diabetes; voluntary exercise