title: The Effects of Breathing Motion on DCE-MRI Images: Phantom Studies Simulating Respiratory Motion to Compare CAIPIRINHA-VIBE, Radial-VIBE, and Conventional VIBE.
abstract: To compare the breathing effects on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI between controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)-volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE), radial VIBE with k-space-weighted image contrast view-sharing (radial-VIBE), and conventional VIBE (c-VIBE) sequences using a dedicated phantom experiment.
  
  
  
  We developed a moving platform to simulate breathing motion. We conducted dynamic scanning on a 3T machine (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Healthcare) using CAIPIRINHA-VIBE, radial-VIBE, and c-VIBE for six minutes per sequence. We acquired MRI images of the phantom in both static and moving modes, and we also obtained motion-corrected images for the motion mode. We compared the signal stability and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each sequence according to motion state and used the coefficients of variation (CoV) to determine the degree of signal stability.
  
  
  
  With motion, CAIPIRINHA-VIBE showed the best image quality, and the motion correction aligned the images very well. The CoV (%) of CAIPIRINHA-VIBE in the moving mode (18.65) decreased significantly after the motion correction (2.56) (p< 0.001). In contrast, c-VIBE showed severe breathing motion artifacts that did not improve after motion correction. For radial-VIBE, the position of the phantom in the images did not change during motion, but streak artifacts significantly degraded image quality, also after motion correction. In addition, SNR increased in both CAIPIRINHA-VIBE (from 3.37 to 9.41,p< 0.001) and radial-VIBE (from 4.3 to 4.96,p< 0.001) after motion correction.
  
  
  
  CAIPIRINHA-VIBE performed best for free-breathing DCE-MRI after motion correction, with excellent image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Kyung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.; Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Nieun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.; Department of Radiology, Ajou Unversity School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
authors.forename: Bohyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.; Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Korea.
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare Korea, Seoul 03737, Korea.
authors.forename: In Seong
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: CAIPIRINHA-VIBE; Dynamic contrast-enhanced; Free-breathing; Magnetic resonance imaging; Parallel imaging technique; Phantom study; Respiratory motion