title: The Effect of Intra-Dialytic Exercise on Inflammation and Blood Endotoxin Levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In healthy individuals, an acute inflammatory response occurs after intense exercise due to gut ischaemia and intestinal bacterial endotoxin translocation into the bloodstream. This process maybe exacerbated in patients who exercise during dialysis due to large volume shifts experienced by many during haemodialysis (HD). The acute effect of intra-dialytic exercise on blood endotoxins and inflammation is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of intra-dialytic exercise on blood endotoxin and inflammation was investigated in 10 patients and compared with resting haemodialysis. Blood was measured for endotoxin and inflammatory biomarkers before and after dialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the exception of one sample, all samples tested negative for endotoxin. Intra-dialytic exercise attenuated the rise of interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after the HD procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-dialytic exercise was not associated with an observable rise in blood endotoxin, although it may ameliorate the inflammatory effects of the HD procedure. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.
authors.affiliation: Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patidar
authors.forename: Yonglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilar
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finkelman
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Farrington
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004731:Endotoxins