title: Vitamin D deficiency is common and is associated with overweight in Mexican children aged 1-11 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess vitamin D dietary sources, intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and their association with individual and sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data obtained from 2695 children aged 1-11 years from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012) were analysed. Diet was assessed by a 141-item FFQ. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was measured by a chemiluminescent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean vitamin D intake was 3·38 (se 0·09) µg/d (135·2 (se 3·6) IU/d) among pre-school children and 2·85 (se 0·06) µg/d (114·0 (se 2·4) IU/d) in school-age children. Milk accounted for 64·4 % of vitamin D intake in pre-school children and 54·7 % in school-age children. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<50 nmol/l) was 25·9 % in pre-schoolers and 36·6 % in school-age children. Overweight/obese school-age children had a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with normal-weight children (OR=2·23; 95 % CI 1·36, 3·66; P<0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D intakes are low in Mexican children, and milk is the main source of the vitamin. Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with overweight in school-age children.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Amada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Nayeli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernández-Barrera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Avenida Universidad 655,Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México,CP 62100.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villalpando
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Children; Dairy; Mexico; Nutritional deficiencies; Vitamin D