title: Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by ethanol extracts ofSolanum lyratumThumb through the mitochondrial pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the induction effects and mechanism ofSolanum lyratumThumb (ST) on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells through the mitochondrial pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were conducted on three groups: an experimental group (with ST ethanol extracts' concentration being 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L), a negative control group (with only nutrient solution, 0 mg/L ST ethanol extracts), and a positive control group (2.5 mg/L DDP). The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was checked by using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method, and cell apoptosis was tested by TUNEL method. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to examine mRNA expression of Fas, FasL, caspase-8, caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the negative control group, the inhibition and apoptosis rates of the experimental group with different concentrations of ST extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells significantly increased (P< 0.05). Besides, the mRNA expression of FasL and Bcl-2 significantly decreased (P< 0.05) while the mRNA expression of Fas, caspase-8, caspase-3 and p53 increased significantly. When compared with the positive control group, the experimental groups with 5 mg/L ST ethanol extracts showed effects similar to the positive control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST ethanol extracts induced the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells through up-regulated Fas, caspase-8, caspse-3 and p53, and down-regulated FasL and Bcl-2 in the mitochondrial pathway.
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Gan-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Deng
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Qin
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Ya
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Gan
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Qiang Mo, Hong-Yu Wei, Gan-Rong Huang, Yu-Li Chen, Wei Xian, Yan-Chun Qin, Lian-Deng Wei, Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Wei Xing, Hong-Qin Pu, Peng-Ya Wei, Chao-Gan Li, Qiu-chun Liang, Breeding Base of Microbial Infection Key Laboratory in the West Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Chun
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C491901:FAS protein, human; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019014:fas Receptor; D000431:Ethanol; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8
keywords: Solanum lyratum Thumb; cell apoptosis; hepatocellular carcinoma cell; mitochondrial pathway; molecular mechanism