title: Persian Gulf Jellyfish (Cassiopea andromeda) Venom Fractions Induce Selective Injury and Cytochrome C Release in Mitochondria Obtained from Breast Adenocarcinoma Patients
abstract: Objective: This study was conducted to investigate whether fractions of jellyfish Cassiope andromeda venom,
  could selectively induce toxicity on mitochondria isolated from cancer tissue of patients with breast adenocarcinomas.
  Methods: Firstly, we extracted two fractions, (f1 and f2) from crude jellyfish venom by gel filtration on Sephadex
  G-200.Then different dilutions of these extracted fractions were applied to mitochondria isolated from human breast
  tumoral- and extra-tumoral tissues. Parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including generation of reactive oxygen
  species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, swelling, cytochrome c release, activation of
  caspase3 and apoptosis were then assayed. Result: Our results demonstrate that fraction 2 of Cassiopea andromeda
  crude venom significantly (P<0.05) decreased mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity, increased mitochondrial
  ROS production, induced mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse and cytochrome c release, activated caspase3 and
  induced apoptosis only in tumoral mitochondria, and not in mitochondria obtained from extra-tumoral tissue (P<0.05).
  Conclusion: In conclusion this study suggested that fraction 2 of Cassiopea andromeda crude venom selectively induces
  ROS mediated cytotoxicity by directly targeting mitochondria isolated from human breast tumor tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical   Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: j.pourahmadjaktaji@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mirshamsi
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omranipour
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazirizadeh
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fakhri
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zangeneh
authors.forename: Gholam Hussain
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Mohebbi
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seyedian
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pourahmad
keywords: Cassiopea andromeda venom; gel filtration; selective toxicity; Isolated mitochondria; Apoptosis