title: Periovulatory follicular fluid levels of estradiol trigger inflammatory and DNA damage responses in oviduct epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ovarian steroid hormones (mainly E2 and P4) regulate oviduct physiology. Serum-E2 acts on the oviduct epithelium from the basolateral cell compartment. Upon ovulation, the apical compartment of the oviduct epithelium is temporarily exposed to follicular fluid, which contains much higher levels of E2 than serum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of human periovulatory follicular fluid levels of E2 on oviduct epithelial cells using two porcine in vitro models.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cell line derived from the porcine oviductal epithelium (CCLV-RIE270) was characterized (lineage markers, proliferation characteristics and transformation status). Primary porcine oviduct epithelial cells (POEC) were cultured in air-liquid interface and differentiation was assessed histologically. Both cultures were exposed to E2 (10 ng/ml and 200 ng/ml). Proliferation of CCLV-RIE270 and POEC was determined by real-time impedance monitoring and immunohistochemical detection of Ki67. Furthermore, marker gene expression for DNA damage response (DDR) and inflammation was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCLV-RIE270 was not transformed and exhibited properties of secretory oviduct epithelial cells. Periovulatory follicular fluid levels of E2 (200 ng/ml) upregulated the expression of inflammatory genes in CCLV-RIE270 but not in POEC (except for IL8). Expression of DDR genes was elevated in both models. A significant increase in cell proliferation could not be detected in response to E2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCLV-RIE270 and POEC are complementary models to evaluate the consequences of oviduct exposure to follicular fluid components. Single administration of periovulatory follicular fluid E2 levels trigger inflammatory and DNA damage responses, but not proliferation in oviduct epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.|Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sergio E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Palma-Vera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.|College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010057:Oviducts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol