title: A Bioprocessed Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes Mycelia Cultures with Turmeric Protects Chicks from a Lethal Challenge of Salmonella Gallinarum.
abstract: Our previous studies demonstrated that a bioprocessed polysaccharide (BPP) isolated from Lentinus edodes mushroom mycelia cultures supplemented with black rice bran can protect mice against Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and reduce the mortality from Salmonella Typhimurium infection through upregulated T-helper 1 immunity. Here, we report that a BPP from L. edodes mushroom mycelia liquid cultures supplemented with turmeric (referred to as BPP-turmeric) alters chicken macrophage responses against avian-adapted Salmonella Gallinarum and protects chicks against a lethal challenge from Salmonella Gallinarum. In vitro analyses revealed that the water extract of BPP-turmeric (i) changed the protein expression or secretion profile of Salmonella Gallinarum, although it was not bactericidal, (ii) reduced the phagocytic activity of the chicken-derived macrophage cell line HD-11 when infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, and (iii) significantly activated the transcription expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to various Salmonella infections, whereas it repressed that of IL-4, IL-6, interferon-β, and interferon-γ. We also found that BPP-turmeric (0.1 g/kg of feed) as a feed additive provided significant protection to 1-day-old chicks infected with a lethal dose of Salmonella Gallinarum. Collectively, these results imply that BPP-turmeric contains biologically active component(s) that protect chicks against Salmonella Gallinarum infection, possibly by regulating macrophage immune responses. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential efficacy of BPP-turmeric as a livestock feed additive for the preharvest control of fowl typhoid or foodborne salmonellosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dalmuri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: June Bong
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yongbaek
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: STR Biotech, Ltd., 56, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jang Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D030024:Curcuma; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011201:Poultry Diseases; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Bioprocessed polysaccharide; Chicken macrophage responses; Lentinus edodes; Salmonella Gallinarum; Turmeric