title: Risk of endocrine adverse events in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the overall incidence and risk of endocrine complications in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
  
  
  
  Pubmed, Embase and oncology conference proceedings were searched for relevant studies.
  
  
  
  In comparison with chemotherapy or everolimus or cetuximab control, PD-1 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of all grade hypothyroidism (relative risk: 6.38; 95% CI: 3.78-10.77; p < 0.001) and hyperthyroidism (relative risk: 5.08; 95% CI: 2.55-10.14; p < 0.001), but not for hypophysitis. When compared with ipilimumab control, the risk of all grade hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism with PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy seemed to be higher than ipilimumab, while the risk of hypophysitis was lower than ipilimumab.
  
  
  
  Treatment with PD-1 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but not for hypophysitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P R China.
authors.forename: Yan Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of internal Medicine, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding 071000, P R China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P R China.
authors.forename: Jing Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P R China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 212 East Yuhua Road, Baoding 071000, Hebei, P R China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068818:Cetuximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000068338:Everolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015994:Incidence; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000074324:Ipilimumab; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000068338:Everolimus; D000068818:Cetuximab
keywords: PD-1 inhibitors; cancer; hyperthyroidism; hypophysitis; hypothyroidism