title: Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. - A source of hepatoprotective flavonoids.
abstract: Three new flavonoid glycosides (7-9) named patuletin-3-O-(5″'-О-Е-feruloyl)-β-d-apiofuranosyl(1→2)[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), spinacetin-3-O-(5″'-О-Е-feruloyl)-β-d-apiofuranosyl (1→2)[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (8) and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-(5″'-О-Е-feruloyl)-β-d-apiofuranosyl(1→2)[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (9) together with six known flavonoid glycosides of patuletin, spinacetin and 6-methoxykaempferol (1-6) were isolated from the aerial parts of C. bonus-henricus and identified with spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, HRESIMS). The MeOH extract exerts hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities comparable to those of flavonoid complex silymarin in in vitro (60μg/mL) and in vivo (100mg/kg/daily for 7days) models of hepatotoxicity, induced by CCl4. Flavonoids (1-9) (100μM), compared to silybin, significantly reduced the cellular damage caused by CCl4in rat hepatocytes, preserved cell viability and GSH level, decreased LDH leakage and reduced lipid damage. High concentrations of compounds (1-9) showed marginal or no cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell line. The experiment data suggest that the glycosides of 6-methoxykaempferol, spinacetin and patuletin are a promising and safe class of hepatoprotective agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: zlatina.kokanova@pharmfac.net.
authors.forename: Zlatina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kokanova-Nedialkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: pnedialkov@pharmfac.net.
authors.forename: Paraskev
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nedialkov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of drug metabolism and drug toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondeva-Burdina
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of drug metabolism and drug toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Rumyana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simeonova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of drug metabolism and drug toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tzankova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of drug metabolism and drug toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Denitsa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aluani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027462:Chenopodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002867:Chromones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; C079162:patuletin
keywords: 6-Methoxyflavonols; Amaranthaceae; Apiosyl derivatives; Chenopodium bonus-henricus; Hepatoprotective activity