title: Multilocus DNA sequencing of the whiskey fungus reveals a continental-scale speciation pattern.
abstract: Baudoiniawas described to accommodate a single species,B. compniacensis. Known as the 'whiskey fungus', this species is the predominant member of a ubiquitous microbial community known colloquially as 'warehouse staining' that develops on outdoor surfaces subject to periodic exposure to ethanolic vapours near distilleries and bakeries. Here we examine 19 strains recovered from environmental samples near industrial settings in North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe and the Far East. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the nucLSU rRNA gene confirms thatBaudoiniais a monophyletic lineage within theTeratosphaeriaceae(Capnodiales). Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of nucITS rRNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and partial nucLSU rRNA, beta-tubulin (TUB) and elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene sequences further indicates thatBaudoiniaconsists of five strongly supported, geographically patterned lineages representing four new species (viz.Baudoinia antilliensis,B. caledoniensis,B. orientalisandB. panamericana).
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto ON Canada M5T 1R4;; Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto ON Canada M5T 1R4;; Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ewaze
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto ON Canada M5T 1R4;; Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Summerbell
authors.affiliation: Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arocha-Rosete
authors.affiliation: Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.affiliation: Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.affiliation: Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Sporometrics Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20-C, Toronto ON Canada M6K 1Y9.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon MB Canada R7A 6A9.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogale
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon MB Canada R7A 6A9.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon MB Canada R7A 6A9.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Untereiner
keywords: Dothideomycetes; Extremophilic fungi; microcolonial fungi; molecular phylogenetics; warehouse staining