title: Effect of meal composition on postprandial lipid concentrations and lipoprotein particle numbers: A randomized cross-over study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear how high-protein (HP) and high-monounsaturated fat (HMF) meals affect postprandial blood lipids and lipoprotein particle numbers (LPN).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare a HP versus a HMF meal on postprandial lipid and LPN responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four participants (age: 36.3±15.0 years; body mass index: 23.6±2.0 kg/m2; 45.8% female) were fed a HP (31.9% energy from protein) and a HMF (35.2% fat and 20.7% monounsaturated fat) meal in a randomized cross-over trial design. Energy and carbohydrate content were the same across meals. Blood samples were drawn in the fasting state and 3 hour postprandial state, and assessed for lipids and LPN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures analysis showed a significant (p<0.05) treatment by time interaction effect for triglycerides (TG), the primary variable, total high-density lipoprotein particles (T-HDLP) and T-HDLP minus large-buoyant high-density lipoprotein 2b (T-HDLP-LB-HDL2b). HP versus HMF condition led to significantly lower TG at 120 (geometric mean: 90.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 76.4-106.3) vs. 146.5 (124.2-172.9) mg/dL) and 180 (101.4 (83.1-123.8) vs. 148.7 (121.9-181.4) mg/dL) min and higher T-HDLP at 120 (mean difference: 297.3 (95% CI: 48.6-545.9) nmol/L) and 180 (291.6 (15.8-567.5) nmol/L) min. The difference in T-HDLP by condition was due to the significantly higher small-dense HDLP (T-HDLP-LB-HDL2b) during HP versus HMF condition at 120 (mean difference: 452.6 (95% CI: 177.4-727.9) nmol/L) and 180 (496.8 (263.1-730.6) nmol/L) min. Area under the curve analysis showed that HP versus HMF condition led to significantly lower TG, non-HDLP, and very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDLP) responses but significantly less favorable responses in LB-HDL2b particles, T-HDLP-LB-HDL2b, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HP meal led to lower TG, non-HDLP, and VLDLP but less favorable LB-HDL2b, small-dense HDLP, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio responses versus a HMF meal. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings over multiple meals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Manall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaffery
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adams-Huet
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins