title: Autoimmune atrophic gastritis: current perspectives.
abstract: At present there is no universally accepted classification for gastritis. The first successful classification (The Sydney System) that is still commonly used by medical professionals was first introduced by Misiewicz et al in Sydney in 1990. In fact, it was the first detailed classification after the discovery ofHelicobacter pyloriby Warren and Marshall in 1982. In 1994, the Updated Sydney System was proposed during the International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis followed by the publication inThe American Journal of Surgical Pathologyby Dixon et al. Using the new classification, distinction between atrophic and nonatrophic gastritis was revised, and the visual scale grading was incorporated. According to the Updated Sydney System Classification, atrophic gastritis is categorized into multifocal (H. pylori, environmental factors, specific diet) and corpus-predominant (autoimmune). Since metaplasia is a key histological characteristic in patients with atrophic gastritis, it has been recommended to use the word "metaplastic" in both variants of atrophic gastritis: autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) and environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis. Although there are many overlaps in the course of the disease and distinction between those two entities may be challenging, the aim of this review article was to describe the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment in patients with AMAG. However, it is important to mention thatH. pyloriis the most common etiologic factor for the development of gastritis in the world.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition.
authors.forename: Artem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minalyan
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition.
authors.forename: Jihane N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Benhammou
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artashesyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pisegna
keywords: autoimmune gastritis; gastric carcinoid; pernicious anemia