title: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, and somatoform disorders in patients with age-related macular degeneration in Germany.
abstract: Aims:The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, and somatoform disorders in patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Germany.Methods:This study included 7,580 patients between the ages of 40 and 90 diagnosed with AMD between January 2011 and December 2014 in 1,072 primary care practices (index date). The last follow-up was in July 2016. We also included 7,580 controls without AMD, which were matched (1:1) to the AMD cases by age, sex, type of health insurance (private or statutory), physician, and Charlson comorbidity score as a generic marker of comorbidity. The outcome of the study was the prevalence of depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, and somatoform disorders recorded in the database between the index date and the end of follow-up.Results:The mean age among subjects was 75.7 years (SD=10.1 years), 34.0% were men, and 7.8% had private health insurance coverage. The Charlson comorbidity index was 2.0 (SD=1.8). Depression was the most frequent disease (33.7% in AMD patients versus 27.3% in controls), followed by somatoform disorders (19.6% and 16.7%), adjustment disorders (14.8% and 10.5%), and anxiety disorders (11.7% and 8.2%). Depression (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.27-1.47), anxiety (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.67), adjustment disorders (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.36-1.65), and somatoform disorders (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32) were all positively associated with AMD.Conclusion:Overall, a significant association was found between AMD and depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, and somatoform disorders.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris 5, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: IMS Health, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.affiliation: IMS Health, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostev
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: adjustment disorder; age-related macular degeneration; anxiety; depression; somatoform disorder