title: Cadmium in rice: Transport mechanisms, influencing factors, and minimizing measures.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice and its subsequent transfer to food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. Understanding of Cd transport processes and its management aiming to reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in rice may help to improve rice growth and grain quality. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the factors influencing Cd accumulation will be helpful to derive efficient strategies to minimize Cd in rice. In this article, we reviewed Cd transport mechanisms in rice, the factors affecting Cd uptake (including physicochemical characters of soil and ecophysiological features of rice) and discussed efficient measures to immobilize Cd in soil and reduce Cd uptake by rice (including agronomic practices, bioremediation and molecular biology techniques). These findings will contribute to ensuring food safety, and reducing Cd risk on human beings.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Quan Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. Electronic address: tchmo@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ce Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Environment, Health, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: minghwong@eduhk.hk.
authors.forename: Ming Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Bioremediation; Genetic engineering; Microorganisms; Soil characteristics; Water management