title: Neighborhood Trauma Due to Violence: A Multilevel Analysis.
abstract: In Syracuse, New York the social determinants of trauma from neighborhood violence are rooted in historical processes, including urban renewal, the Rockefeller drug laws, and de-industrialization. These contributed to destabilizing Syracuse communities of color, resulting in disproportionate incarceration, family disruption, and economic devastation. Community violence, clustering in densely populated neighborhoods, creates unmanageable stress for the families who live in them. A map of gunshots and gun fatalities (2009 to 2014) illustrates the continuing onslaught of bullets being fired, often in close proximity to elementary schools. A community survey indicated that over half of respondents personally knew more than 10 murder victims. Half the respondents scored positive on the Civilian PTSD Checklist; there thus is a great deal of unaddressed traumatic stress in the community. This analysis, conducted to prepare for planning future interventions to reduce the community trauma and violence, is part of an ongoing university-community collaboration.
authors.forename: Sandra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: Dessa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergen-Cico
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jennings-Bey
authors.forename: Linda Stone
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Mindy Thompson
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fullilove
authors.forename: Tracey Reichert
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Schimpff
authors.forename: Kishi Animashaun
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ducre
authors.forename: Jonnell Allen
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005389:Firearms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006708:Homicide / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D009518:New York; D057766:Policy; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012940:Social Problems / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014495:Universities; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014506:Urban Renewal; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*