title: [Evaluating the efficacy of long acting injectable antipsychotics through clinical trials].
abstract: After reminding the various phases of the development of molecules, this article will state the stages of commercialisation of treatments, underlining the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and the EMA (European Medicine Agency) requirements. Like all the other treatments available in Europe and in the United States, the long acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) have to prove their efficacy compared to placebo and their non-inferiority compared to a treatment of reference, usually the same molecule in the oral form. These criteria of efficacy have evolved over time. If initially classical criteria of symptomatic intensity (score on scale PANSS) were considered, criteria more adequate from a clinical perspective, such as relapse, but also related to functioning, quality of life and, more recently, costs-effectiveness have appeared. This evolution is probably due to several factors: vision on mental illness, progress in patient's rights and aspirations, but also the pregnant place of health costs recently taken in the evaluation of treatments. These modifications are also based on the indications of L.A.I., i.e. stabilized patients for whom the challenge is rehabilitation care more than the control of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Service de Psychiatrie Adultes, CHU Saint-Etienne, 5 Chemin de la Marendière, 42055 Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France. Electronic address: eric.fakra@chu-st-etienne.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fakra
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belzeaux
authors.affiliation: SHU Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adida
authors.affiliation: Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et Evaluation Thérapeutiques (APHM), UHC « La Timone », 28 bd Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blin
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie des Adultes, CHU Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaladjian
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations
keywords: Antipsychotics; Antipsychotique à action prolongée; Effectiveness; Efficacité; Efficiency; Evaluation; Schizophrenia; Schizophrénie; Évaluation