title: Discordant frequencies of tissue-resident and circulating CD180-negative B cells in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: The unconventional toll-like receptor (TLR) CD180 is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases; however, its role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has yet to be investigated. Here we study the expression of CD180, its homologue TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 1 (MD1) on mucosal and systemic immune cell populations in relation to serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels.
  
  
  
  A total of 70 patients were recruited to the study. Mucosal and peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected from CRS patients and non-CRS controls without evidence of sinus disease. The expression of TLR4, MD1, and CD180 was investigated using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Serum IgG levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  
  CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients had significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of CD180 and MD1 compared to controls (5.54-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, p < 0.01). B cells lacking CD180 were lower in CRSwNP tissue compared to CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and controls (21.07 ± 6.41 vs 41.61 ± 7.82 vs 40.06 ± 8.06; p < 0.01) but higher in blood (39.18 ± 8.3 vs 17.95 ± 7.82 and 12.49 ± 4.92; p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  
  Changes in mucosal and peripheral CD180-expressing B cells were identified in CRSwNP patients compared to CRSsNP and controls. This suggests a role for these cells in the dysregulated immune response in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miljkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirana
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hulse
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hauben
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Alkis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Psaltis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter-John
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wormald
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vreugde
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000954:Antigens, Surface; C092722:CD180 protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C115213:LY86 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: B cells; CD180; chronic rhinosinusitis; flow cytometry; nasal polyps