title: PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer.
abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibition represents a major recent breakthrough in the treatment of malignant diseases including breast cancer. Blocking the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, has shown impressive antitumor activity and may lead to durable long-term disease control, especially in the triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer (TNBC). Although immune checkpoint blockade is generally well tolerated, specific immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may occur. This review summarizes the clinical efficacy, perspectives, and future challenges of using PD-1/PD-L1-directed antibodies in the treatment of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hartkopf
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Florin-Andrei
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Taran
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallwiener
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Grischke
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sara Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Brucker
keywords: Breast cancer; Clinical trials; Immunotherapy; PD-1; PD-L1