title: Growth factor signaling alters the morphology of the zebrafish ethmoid plate.
abstract: Craniofacial development relies on coordinated tissue interactions that allow for patterning and growth of the face. We know a priori that the Wingless, fibroblast growth factor, Hedgehog and transforming growth factor-beta growth factor signaling pathways are required for the development of the face, but how they contribute to the shape of the face is largely untested. Here, we test how each signaling pathway contributes to the overall morphology of the zebrafish anterior neurocranium. We tested the contribution of each signaling pathway to the development of the ethmoid plate during three distinct time periods: the time of neural crest migration [10 hour post fertilization (hpf)]; once the neural crest is resident in the face (20 hpf); and finally at the time at which the cartilaginous condensations are being initiated (48 hpf). Using geometric morphometric analysis, we conclude that each signaling pathway contributes to the shape, size and morphology of the ethmoid plate in a dose-, and time-dependent fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cusack
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Trish E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Szabo-Rogers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: ethmoid plate; growth factor signaling; morphometrics; principal components analysis; zebrafish