title: Characteristics and Impact Factors of Renal Threshold for Glucose Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are newly developed but promising medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, patients with a different renal threshold for glucose excretion (RT(G)) may have a different reaction to this medicine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of RT(G) and its impact factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical and laboratory data of 36 healthy individuals and 168 in-hospital patients with T2DM were collected and analyzed, RT(G) was calculated using blood glucose (BG) measured by dynamic BG monitoring, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The characteristics of RT(G) were investigated. The risk factors for high RT(G) were analyzed using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Our results found that RT(G) of the T2DM group was higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); and 22.22% from the healthy individuals group but 58.33% from the T2DM group had high RT(G). Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were independently associated with high RT(G) (P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis revealed that RT(G) in T2DM patients increased with age, duration of diabetes, and BMI. In conclusion, RT(G) is increased in patients with T2DM, especially in those with longer diabetic duration, higher BMI, and those who are older. Therefore, these patients may be more sensitive to SGLT-2 inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Dan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-1204
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jing Yu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5623
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xin Rong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-637X
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ju Hong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-5392
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Chun Yan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0442-1983
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Miao Yan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0775-0352
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hui Zhu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-4331
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-360X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shao Hua
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-4388
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhen Hong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-7495
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Bai
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-1375
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. changbc1970@126.com.
authors.forename: Bao Cheng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-6644
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Dynamic Blood Glucose Monitoring; Renal Threshold for Glucose Excretion; Risk Factor; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus