title: Spontaneous torsion of the right upper lung lobe: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary torsion is usually caused by thoracic surgery or trauma. Spontaneous pulmonary torsion caused by tumor and pleural effusion is very rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 76-year-old Asian male with a chronic cough and suspected lung or pleural tumor presented with sudden dyspnea. Computed tomography showed that the right upper lung lobe contained a large tumor in the region of S1-3; the tumor had shifted to the posterior thoracic space and rotated 90° counterclockwise, potentially impeding blood flow. The patient underwent emergency right upper lobectomy for torsion of the right upper lung lobe. He recovered uneventfully and was discharged without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We experienced a rare case of spontaneous torsion of the right upper lung lobe caused by a large tumor and massive pleural effusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan. sp4u5w69@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokomise
keywords: Emergency lobectomy; Lung cancer; Pleural effusion; Spontaneous torsion