title: Identification of beta cell dysfunction at the pre-symptomatic stage of diabetes mellitus by novel analytical system: liquid biopsy measurements in femtograms.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is produced and progresses as a consequence of complex and gradual processes, in which a variety of alterations of the endocrine pancreas, are involved and which mainly result in beta cell failure. Those molecular alterations can be found in the bloodstream, which suggests that we could quantify specific biomarkers in plasma or serum by very sensitive methods before the onset diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. However, classical methods of protein analysis such as electrophoresis, Western blot, ELISA, and liquid chromatography are generally time-consuming, lab-intensive, and not sensitive enough to detect such alteration in a pre-symptomatic state of the disease.
  
  
  
  A very sensitive and novel analytical detection conjugate system by using the combination of polyfluorophor technology with protein microchip method was developed.
  
  
  
  This innovative system facilitates the use of a very sensitive microchip assays that measure selected biomarkers in a small sample volume (10 μL) with a much higher sensitivity (92%) compare to common immune assay systems. Further advances of the application of this technology combine the power of miniaturization and faster quantification (around 10 min).
  
  
  
  The power of this technology offers great promise for point-of-care clinical testing and monitoring of specific biomarkers for diabetes in femtogram level in serum or plasma. In conclusion, the results indicate that the technical performance of this new technology is valid and that the assay is able to quantified PPY-specific antigens in plasma at femtogram levels which can be used for identification of beta cell dysfunction at the pre-symptomatic stage of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8136-4049
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krapfenbauer
keywords: Beta cell failure; Biochip; Clinical applications; Diabetes mellitus; Miniaturization; Multiplexing; Novel detection conjugate; Pancreatic polypeptide; Personalized and predictive medicine