title: The Effect of Simulated Flash-Heat Pasteurization on Immune Components of Human Milk.
abstract: A pasteurization temperature monitoring system has been designed using FoneAstra, a cellphone-based networked sensing system, to monitor simulated flash-heat (FH) pasteurization. This study compared the effect of the FoneAstra FH (F-FH) method with the Sterifeed Holder method currently used by human milk banks on human milk immune components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin activity, lysozyme activity, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10). Donor milk samples (N= 50) were obtained from a human milk bank, and pasteurized. Concentrations of IgA, IL-8, IL-10, lysozyme activity and lactoferrin activity were compared to their controls using the Student'st-test. Both methods demonstrated no destruction of interleukins. While the Holder method retained all lysozyme activity, the F-FH method only retained 78.4% activity (p< 0.0001), and both methods showed a decrease in lactoferrin activity (71.1% Holder vs. 38.6% F-FH;p< 0.0001) and a decrease in the retention of total IgA (78.9% Holder vs. 25.2% F-FH;p< 0.0001). Despite increased destruction of immune components compared to Holder pasteurization, the benefits of F-FH in terms of its low cost, feasibility, safety and retention of immune components make it a valuable resource in low-income countries for pasteurizing human milk, potentially saving infants' lives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 3001, South Africa. Daniels@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Brodie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa. schmidts@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa. tracyleighking@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Global Program, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA. kisrael-ballard@path.org.
authors.forename: Kiersten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Israel-Ballard
authors.affiliation: Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Global Program, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA. kamundson@path.org.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amundson Mansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 3001, South Africa. Coutsoud@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coutsoudis
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis; D017784:Milk Banks; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D061352:Pasteurization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009113:Muramidase; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: human milk; human milk banking; pasteurization