title: Use of intranasal corticosteroids in adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The related literature was searched using PubMed and Proquest Central databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic sinusitis and recurrent otitis media. Adenoidal hypertrophy results in the obstruction of nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, and blocks the clearance of nasal mucus. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with increased expression of various mediators of inflammatory responses in the tonsils, and respond to anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids. Topical nasal steroids most likely affect the anatomical component by decreasing inspiratory upper airway resistance at the nasal, adenoidal or tonsillar levels. Corticosteroids, by their lympholytic or anti-inflammatory effects, might reduce adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Intranasal corticosteroids reduce cellular proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a tonsil and adenoid mixed-cell culture system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal corticosteroids have been used in adenoidal hypertrophy and adenotonsillar hypertrophy patients, decreasing rates of surgery for adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinics,Konya Training and Research Hospital,Turkey.
authors.forename: E U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Sakarya
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Medical Faculty,Kirikkale University,Kirikkale,Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayar Muluk
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinics,Yunus Emre State Hospital,Eskisehir,Turkey.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Sakalar
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinics,Konya Training and Research Hospital,Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senturk
authors.affiliation: ENT Department,Meram Medical Faculty,Necmettin Erbakan University,Konya,Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aricigil
authors.affiliation: ENT Department,King Saud University,Riyad,Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bafaqeeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Medical Faculty,Eskisehir Osmangazi University,Eskisehir,Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Adenoids; Hypertrophy; Obstructive; Sleep Apnea; Steroids; Tonsil