title: Association between dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article followed the recommendations of PRISMA, which aims to guide review publications in the health area. The article search strategy included searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS. There was no date limitation for publications. The descriptors were used in English according to MeSH and in Portuguese according to DeCS. Only articles on dietary patterns extracted by the a posteriori methodology were included. The question to be answered was: how much can an "unhealthy" dietary pattern influence biochemical and inflammatory markers in this population?
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studies showed an association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations. The patterns were characterized as unhealthy when associated to the consumption of ultraprocessed products, poor in fiber and rich in sodium, fat, and refined carbohydrates. Despite the associations, in several studies, the strength of this association for some risk markers was reduced or lost after adjusting for confounding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a positive association between "unhealthy" dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations in children and adolescents. Some unconfirmed associations may be related to the difficulty of assessing food consumption. Nevertheless, studies involving dietary patterns and their association with risk factors should be performed in children and adolescents, aiming at interventions and early changes in dietary habits considered to be inadequate.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: narunarocha@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Naruna Pereira
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Cupertino
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Milagres
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giana Zarbato
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia Queiroz
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Farias de
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Novaes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Adolescent; Adolescente; Alimentação; Cardiovascular; Children; Crianças; Dietary; Padrões; Patterns