title: Amino Acid Block Copolymers with Broad Antimicrobial Activity and Barrier Properties.
abstract: Antimicrobial properties of a long-chain, synthetic, cationic, and hydrophobic amino acid block copolymer are reported. In 5 and 60 min time-kill assays, solutions of K100L40block copolymers (poly(l-lysine·hydrochloride)100-b-poly(l-leucine)40) at concentrations of 10-100 µg mL-1show multi-log reductions in colony forming units of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast, including multidrug-resistant strains. Driven by association of hydrophobic segments, K100L40copolymers form viscous solutions and self-supporting hydrogels in water at concentrations of 1 and 2 wt%, respectively. These K100L40preparations provide an effective barrier to microbial contamination of wounds, as measured by multi-log decreases of tissue-associated bacteria with deliberate inoculation of porcine skin explants, porcine open wounds, and rodent closed wounds with foreign body. Based on these findings, amino acid copolymers with the features of K100L40can combine potent, direct antimicrobial activity and barrier properties in one biopolymer for a new approach to prevention of wound infections.
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Shalyn J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Carl K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Jarrod A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.affiliation: Amicrobe, Inc., 3142 Tiger Run Court #101, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Solomkin
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 5121, Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Deming
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047070:Bandages, Hydrocolloid; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058105:Polymerization; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000072836:Surgical Wound / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013552:Swine; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020100:Hydrogels; D010455:Peptides; D011107:Polylysine; C027819:polyleucine
keywords: antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial; biopolymer; hydrogel; lysine