title: Biocompatibility Investigation of New Endodontic Materials Based on Nanosynthesized Calcium Silicates Combined with Different Radiopacifiers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this article was to analyze biocompatibility and bioactivity of new endodontic materials on the basis of nanosynthesized calcium silicates (ALBO-MPCA1and ALBO-MPCA2) combined with different radiopacifiers in comparison with MTA+.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphology of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the pH and ion release analysis were also assessed. Biocompatibility of materials' eluates (24-hour, 7-day, and 21-day) was conducted by using MTT test. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used for intraosseous implantation. Four calvarial defects per animal were created and filled with freshly prepared investigated materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples mostly consisted of agglomerates built up from nanoparticles, preferably spherical and rod-like. There was no significant difference among pH values of materials' eluates after 24 hours (P > .05). The amount of calcium and aluminum ion release decreased, whereas the amount of magnesium and bismuth (ALBO-MPCA1, MTA+) and barium (ALBO-MPCA2) increased during 21-day period. The metabolic activity of cells increased after the extraction time, except in case of undiluted elutes of ALBO-MPCA2and ALBO-MPCA1(21-day). Histologic analysis of the samples revealed newly formed bone tissue with moderate inflammation for all investigated materials, which subsided during 90-day period to mild. Both MTA+and ALBO-MPCA1were in direct contact with the newly formed bone tissue. After 90 days, statistically significant difference in hard tissue formation was observed in comparison of MTA+and ALBO-MPCA1with control group (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experimental materials ALBO-MPCA1and ALBO-MPCA2possess both biocompatibility and bioactivity. Because ALBO-MPCA1provokes favorable biological response, it is especially good candidate for further clinical investigations.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: bojanacetenovic@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cetenovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Orthopedy and Ophtalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Bogomir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prokic
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasilijic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dojcinovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magic
authors.affiliation: Department of Atomic Physics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vukoman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jokanovic
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Markovic
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D011817:Rabbits; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Biocompatibility; MTA; MTT; biomaterials; calcium silicates; intraosseous implantation