title: Lip and tooth injuries at public swimming pools in Austria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an increased risk of orofacial injuries in swimming pool facilities. Nevertheless, only a few studies have addressed this issue. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of lip and tooth injuries at public swimming pools in Austria. A further aim was to examine which gender and age groups were affected, where and why these injuries occurred, and whether pool attendants had sufficient knowledge of dental first-aid measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 764 pool attendants in Austria were contacted by telephone and 689 participated in the study (90.2%). The attendants were interviewed retrospectively about accident occurrences in 2014 by a standardized questionnaire. Responses to the provision of first aid and choice of storage medium for avulsed teeth were subsequently evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of lip injuries was 19.0%, and tooth injuries were 11.3%. Male bathers (P < .05) and children under 12 years (P < .001) most frequently suffered injuries. The waterslide was the most common accident site. The most common cause of lip injuries was slipping on wet surfaces (39.0%), and for tooth injuries it was collisions with other persons or objects (each 28.1%). The pool attendants' responses were predominantly good or sufficient on first aid, with the exception of what storage medium to choose. Tooth rescue boxes were available in only 8.6% of all pool facilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orofacial injuries are a frequently occurring problem in swimming pool facilities. The pool attendants' knowledge on first-aid care of tooth injuries could still be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, Center of Dental Traumatology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-2438
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Connert
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, Center of Dental Traumatology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühl
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, Center of Dental Traumatology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filippi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008046:Lip / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013551:Swimming Pools; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: dental trauma; lip injuries; pool attendant; swimming pool; waterslide