title: FGF and canonical Wnt signaling cooperate to induce paraxial mesoderm from tailbud neuromesodermal progenitors through regulation of a two-step epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
abstract: Mesoderm induction begins during gastrulation. Recent evidence from several vertebrate species indicates that mesoderm induction continues after gastrulation in neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) within the posteriormost embryonic structure, the tailbud. It is unclear to what extent the molecular mechanisms of mesoderm induction are conserved between gastrula and post-gastrula stages of development. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is required for mesoderm induction during gastrulation through positive transcriptional regulation of the T-box transcription factorbrachyuryWe find in zebrafish that FGF is continuously required for paraxial mesoderm (PM) induction in post-gastrula NMPs. FGF signaling represses the NMP markersbrachyury(ntla) andsox2through regulation oftbx16andmsgn1, thereby committing cells to a PM fate. FGF-mediated PM induction in NMPs functions in tight coordination with canonical Wnt signaling during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) from NMP to mesodermal progenitor. Wnt signaling initiates EMT, whereas FGF signaling terminates this event. Our results indicate that germ layer induction in the zebrafish tailbud is not a simple continuation of gastrulation events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kimmey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Row
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
authors.forename: David Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Matus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA benjamin.martin@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5474-4492
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005775:Gastrula / Q000378:metabolism; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D013623:Tail / Q000196:embryology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C112539:tbx16 protein, zebrafish; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: EMT; FGF; Neuromesodermal progenitor; Tailbud; Wnt; Zebrafish