title: Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii Virulence Factors by Citral.
abstract: Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen associated with fatal forms of necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis and sepsis in neonates and infants. The aim of this study was to determine whether citral, a major component of lemongrass oil, could suppress putative virulence factors of C. sakazakii that contribute to infection. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of citral significantly decreased motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and endotoxin production. Citral substantially reduced the adhesion and invasion of C. sakazakii to Caco-2 cells and decreased bacterial survival and replication within the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Citral also repressed the expression of eighteen genes involved in the virulence. These findings suggest that citral has potential to be developed as an alternative or supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by C. sakazakii.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Du
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Qiwu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.|Sino-US Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000821:virology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D044083:Cronobacter sakazakii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D004731:Endotoxins; D039821:Monoterpenes; D037521:Virulence Factors; C007076:citral