title: Cataracts.
abstract: An estimated 95 million people worldwide are affected by cataract. Cataract still remains the leading cause of blindness in middle-income and low-income countries. With the advancement of surgical technology and techniques, cataract surgery has evolved to small-incisional surgery with rapid visual recovery, good visual outcomes, and minimal complications in most patients. With the development of advanced technology in intraocular lenses, the combined treatment of cataract and astigmatism or presbyopia, or both, is possible. Paediatric cataracts have a different pathogenesis, surgical concerns, and postoperative clinical course from those of age-related cataracts, and the visual outcome is multifactorial and dependent on postoperative visual rehabilitation. New developments in cataract surgery will continue to improve the visual, anatomical, and patient-reported outcomes. Future work should focus on promoting the accessibility and quality of cataract surgery in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cataract and Implant Surgery, S Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malyugin
authors.affiliation: Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: jodmehta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jodhbir S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors