title: Prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia impairs spatial recognition memory through the activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus of mice.
abstract: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a frequent complication with surgery and anesthesia, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the effect of different durations of isoflurane anesthesia on spatial recognition memory and activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus of mice. In the present study, adult male mice were anesthetized with isoflurane for different durations (1.5% isoflurane for 1, 2, and 4 h). Spatial recognition memory was determined using spontaneous alternation and two-trial recognition memory in Y-maze at 24 h after anesthesia. The activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus was tested using western blot. Mice treated with isoflurane for 4 h showed significantly decreased spontaneous alternations and decreased exploration parameters compared with the no anesthesia group, but this was not observed in mice treated with isoflurane for 1 or 2 h. The protein levels of p-JNK1/2 in the hippocampus were significantly increased at 10 min after isoflurane anesthesia for 1, 2, and 4 h compared with no anesthesia. However, only isoflurane anesthesia for 4 h still increased JNK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 levels at 24 h after anesthesia. We concluded that prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia maintained the activation of JNK1/2, which led to memory impairment at 24 h after anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang bDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology Lianyungang Branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Lianyungang cDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8