title: Role of the APOE polymorphism in carotid and lower limb revascularization: A prospective study from Southern Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism has been associated to vascular complications of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between the APOE genotypes and advanced peripheral vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  258 consecutive patients (201 males and 57 females, mean age 70.83 ± 7.89 years) with severe PVD were enrolled in a 42-months longitudinal study (mean 31.65 ± 21.11 months) for major adverse cardiovascular events. At follow-up genotypes of the APOE polymorphism were investigated in blinded fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with ε3/ε3, in ε4-carriers a significant higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (35.58% vs. 20.79%; p = 0.025) and total peripheral revascularization (22.64% vs. 5.06%; p < 0.001) was observed. Prospective analysis, showed that ε4-carriers have an increased hazard ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted HR 1.829, 95% CI 1.017-3.287; p = 0.044) and total peripheral revascularization (adjusted HR = 5.916, 95% CI 2.405-14.554, p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ε4 allele seems to be risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events, and in particular for total peripheral revascularization in patients with advanced atherosclerotic vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastroianno
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1758-7138
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Stolfo
authors.affiliation: Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seripa
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pacilli
authors.affiliation: Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paroni
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coli
authors.affiliation: Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: d'Arienzo
authors.affiliation: Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gravina
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico Rosario
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E