title: Biomarkers for Hearing Dysfunction: Facts and Outlook.
abstract: In medicine, biomarkers are a metric for disease state. More generally, a biomarker is anything that can be used as an indicator for a particular disease state or any physiological state of an organism. Here, we introduce functional and molecular biomarkers that are useful for categorizing defined subtypes of hearing disorder, which can help to selectively trace a particular dysfunction of the inner ear and the auditory pathway to disease.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rüttiger
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Marlies
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knipper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001299:Audiometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers