title: Intraoperative assessment of laryngeal pathologies with optical coherence tomography integrated into a surgical microscope.
abstract: Endoscopic examination followed by tissue biopsy is the gold standard in the evaluation of lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. However, it can be difficult to distinguish between healthy mucosa, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique which acquires high-resolution, cross-sectional images of tissue in vivo. Integrated into a surgical microscope, it allows the intraoperative evaluation of lesions simultaneously with microscopic visualization.
  
  
  
  In a prospective case series, we evaluated the use of OCT integrated into a surgical microscope during microlaryngoscopy to help differentiating various laryngeal pathologies.
  
  
  
  33 patients with laryngeal pathologies were examined with an OCT- microscope (OPMedT iOCT-camera, HS Hi-R 1000G-microscope, Haag-Streit Surgical GmbH, Wedel, Germany) during microlaryngoscopy. The suspected intraoperative diagnoses were compared to the histopathological reports of subsequent tissue biopsies.
  
  
  
  Hands-free non-contact OCT revealed high-resolution images of the larynx with a varying penetration depth of up to 1.2 mm and an average of 0.6 mm. Picture quality was variable. OCT showed disorders of horizontal tissue layering in dysplasias with a disruption of the basement membrane in carcinomas. When comparing the suspected diagnosis during OCT-supported microlaryngoscopy with histology, 79% of the laryngeal lesions could be correctly identified. Premalignant lesions were difficult to diagnose and falsely classified as carcinoma.
  
  
  
  OCT integrated into a surgical microscope seems to be a promising adjunct tool to discriminate pathologies of the upper aerodigestive tract intraoperatively. However, picture quality and penetration depth were variable. Although premalignant lesions were difficult to diagnose, the system proved overall helpful for the intraoperative discrimination of benign and malignant tumors. Further studies will be necessary to define its value in the future. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:490-497, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Englhard
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Volgger
authors.affiliation: OptoMedical Technologies GmbH, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 9, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lankenau
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ledderose
authors.affiliation: Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str.19, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.affiliation: Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str.19, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Homann
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Betz
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008853:Microscopy; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
keywords: HNSCC; OCT; intraoperative imaging; larynx; microsurgery; optical diagnostics