title: Neurotoxic responses in brain tissues of rainbow trout exposed to imidacloprid pesticide: Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity.
abstract: The extensive use of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, causes undesirable toxicity in non-targeted organisms including fish in aquatic environments. We investigated neurotoxic responses by observing 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout brain tissue after 21 days of imidacloprid exposure at levels of (5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L). The obtained results indicated that 8-OHdG activity did not change in fish exposed to 5 mg/L of imidacloprid, but 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L of imidacloprid significantly increased 8-OHdG activity compared to the control (p < 0.05). An immunopositiv reaction to 8-OHdG was detected in brain tissues. The brain tissues indicated a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) compared to the control and there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05). High concentrations of imidacloprid caused a significant decrease in AChE enzyme activity (p < 0.05). These results suggested that imidacloprid can be neurotoxic to fish by promoting AChE inhibition, an increase in 8-OHdG activity and changes in oxidative stress parameters. Therefore, these data may reflect one of the molecular pathways that play a role in imidacloprid toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: drahmettopal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gonca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkaraca
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yuzuncu Yıl University, TR-65080 Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslı Cilingir
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Yeltekin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Comaklı
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurdal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acıl
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atamanalp
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: 8-OHdG; Acetylcholinesterase; Brain; Fish; Imidacloprid; Oxidative stress; Pesticide; Toxicity