title: The Effect of Diagnostic Catheter Angiography on Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Being Considered for Endovascular Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of catheter-based angiograms alone (non-therapeutic angiogram that does not lead to therapeutic intervention) in acute ischemic stroke patients who are considered for endovascular treatment is not well studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the rates of neurological deterioration within 24 h; symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 30 h; acute kidney injury (AKI) and major non-ICH within five days; and functional independence (defined by modified Rankin scale of 0-2) at three months among subjects who underwent a non-therapeutic catheter-based angiogram with subjects who did not undergo catheter-based angiogram in a multicenter clinical trial. Logistic regression analyses was performed to adjust for age, baseline Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) strata (0-7 and 8-10), and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score strata (≤9, 10-19, and ≥20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects who did not undergo any catheter-based angiogram (n= 222), 89 subjects who underwent a non-therapeutic catheter-based angiogram had similar adjusted rates of neurological deterioration [odds ratio (OR) = 1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-2.3; p = 1] and symptomatic ICH (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.1-1.8;p= 0.2). There was no difference in the adjusted rates of AKI, or non-ICH between the two groups. The rate of functional independence at three months was significantly higher among the patients who received a catheter-based angiogram (OR = 2; 95% CI 1.1-3.5;p= 0.016) after adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-therapeutic catheter-based angiograms in acute ischemic stroke patients who are being considered for endovascular treatment do not adversely affect patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Institute, St. Cloud, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Adnan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Institute, St. Cloud, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Institute, St. Cloud, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aytaç
authors.affiliation: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Institute, St. Cloud, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Malik
keywords: Catheter-based angiogram; acute ischemic stroke; acute kidney injury (AKI); clinical trial; functional independence