title: Antifungal activity of ionic liquids based on (-)-menthol: a mechanism study.
abstract: The mechanism of toxicity of chiral ionic liquids with (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol [Cn-Am-Men][Cl] (n=10, 11 or 12) in the fungus Candida albicans is reported here. Ionic liquids were more toxic towards Candida strain lacking all identified multidrug resistance efflux pumps. Moreover, the compounds tested inhibited C. albicans filamentation at the concentration at which detached fungal cells also adhered to the plastic surface. Our results showed the high activity of all the tested chiral ionic liquids in the permeabilization of C. albicans' membranes and in the digestion and interruption of the cell wall. The investigated ionic liquids thus have potential as disinfectants because besides their antifungal and antiadhesive action these compounds do not cause hemolysis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suchodolski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feder-Kubis
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland. Electronic address: anna.krasowska@uni.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasowska
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D026141:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D025301:Hyphae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008610:Menthol / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C109455:ALA1 protein, Candida albicans; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004202:Disinfectants; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D008610:Menthol
keywords: Antifungal activity; Candida albicans; Cell wall destruction; Ionic liquids; Membrane permeabilisation