title: Frontonasal dysplasia: oral features, restorative and orthodontic dental treatment in a child.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontonasal dysplasia is a complex rare malformation, characterised by abnormalities involving the central portion of the face, especially the eyes, nose and forehead. It can manifest independently or associated with other abnormalities as part of some syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this case report was to describe a 5-year-old patient, diagnosed with frontonasal dysplasia. Among the abnormalities characterised with this disorder were ocular hypertelorism, broad nose tip with median notch, median facial cleft, bifid anterior skull, low set hairline, Poland's syndactyly and ankyloglossia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consisted of behavioural management, oral hygiene instruction, prophylaxis, topical fluoride application, extraction of primary teeth, composite resin restorations and sealants in pits and fissures. Preformed metal crowns were also applied to the right and left primary maxillary second molars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Currently, the patient is 11 years-old in the permanent dentition and therefore was referred for corrective orthodontic and periodontal treatments due to the persistence of gingival retraction of the permanent mandibular right central incisor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment in this case was directed to the promotion of oral health and orthodontic corrections, which are of fundamental importance due to medical, physical and social limitations of children affected by this syndrome, hindering healing and rehabilitative treatment. Paediatric dentists should be included in multidisciplinary teams providing care to patients with special needs, improving their quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil. rodrigovalerio@usp.br.|School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-940, Brazil. rodrigovalerio@usp.br.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Valério
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scatena
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: F R R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: F W G
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Paula-Silva
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic
keywords: Craniofacial abnormalities; Frontonasal dysplasia; Preventive dentistry