title: Retrospective 25-year follow-up of treatment outcomes in angle Class III patients : Early versus late treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess early versus late treatment of Class III syndrome for skeletal and dental differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight Class III patients treated with a chincup were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data were obtained by reviewing pretreatment (T0) anamnestic records, cephalograms, and casts. The cases were assigned to an early or a late treatment group based on age at T0 (up to 9 years or older than 9 years but before the pubertal growth spurt). Both groups were further compared based on posttreatment data (T1) and long-term follow-up data collected approximately 25 years after treatment (T2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early treatment was successful in 74% and late treatment in 67% of cases. More failures were noted among male patients. The late treatment group was characterized post therapeutically by significantly more pronounced skeletal parameters of jaw size relative to normal Class I values; in addition, a greater skeletal discrepancy between maxilla and mandible, higher values for mandibular length, Cond-Pog, ramus height, overjet, anterior posterior dysplasia indicator (APDI), lower anterior face height, and gonial angle were measured at T1. The angle between the AB line and mandibular plane was found to be larger at T0, T1, and T2, as well as more pronounced camouflage positions of the lower anterior teeth at T0. The early treatment group was found to exhibit greater amounts of negative overjet at T0 but more effective correction at T1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early treatment of Class III syndrome resulted in greater skeletal changes with less dental compensation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8036, Graz, Austria. brigitte.wendl@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wendl
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8036, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Muchitsch
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Bregenz, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Winsauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8036, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Droschl
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8036, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jakse
authors.affiliation: Institute of Software Development and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Software Development and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wendl
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D061665:Time-to-Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Chincup; Class III treatment; Early treatment; Late treatment