title: The Adverse Effects of Triptolide on the Reproductive System of Caenorhabditis elegans: Oogenesis Impairment and Decreased Oocyte Quality.
abstract: Previous studies have revealed that Triptolide damages female reproductive capacity, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we usedCaenorhabditis elegansto investigate the effects of Triptolide on the germline and explore its possible mechanisms. Our data show that exposure for 4 h to 50 and 100 mg/L Triptolide reducedC. elegansfertility, led to depletion and inactivation of spermatids with the changes in the expression levels of related genes, and increased the number of unfertilized oocytes through damaging chromosomes and DNA damage repair mechanisms. After 24 and 48 h of the 4 h exposure to 50 and 100 mg/L Triptolide, we observed shrink in distal tip cells, an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, a decrease in the number of mitotic germ cells and oocytes in diakinesis stage, and chromatin aggregates in -1 oocytes. Moreover, expression patterns of the genes associated with mitotic germ cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oocyte quality were altered after Triptolide exposure. Therefore, Triptolide may damage fertility of nematodes by hampering the development of oocytes at different developmental stages. Alterations in the expression patterns of genes involved in oocyte development may explain the corresponding changes in oocyte development in nematodes exposed to Triptolide.
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. ruanql@njucm.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. ruanql@njucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qinli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. nzyxuyun@gmail.com.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. nzyxuyun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. xurui@njucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. wangjy@njucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. hua_yq@njucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. wangm@njucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. dja@njucm.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. dja@njucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000988:Antispermatogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000988:Antispermatogenic Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C001899:triptolide
keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Triptolide; apoptosis; mitosis; oogenesis