title: [Acute effect of ambient air pollution on small airway lung functions among school children in Shanghai].
abstract: Objective:To study the acute effects of compound ambient air pollution on small airway lung functions among school children in Shanghai.Method:A longitudinal survey on lung functions was conducted among 233 school-children from three schools (A, B and C, located in innerring, mid-ring and outer-ring areas). Lung function test was performed once a week for 3 times respectively, among children in school A and B in Dec. 2013 and in school C in Dec. 2014. The fourth lung function test was tested in Jun. 2014 and May 2015 in the respective schools.Results:from the lung function would include items as: forced mid-expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (MEF(25%)), mid-expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (MEF(50%)), mid-expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (MEF(75%)) and mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF(25%-75%)). Data regarding the daily air quality real-time of PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) in Dec. 2013, Dec. 2014, Jun. 2014 and May. 2015 from the three environmental monitoring spots and meteorological data from the Shanghai Meteorological Service system which were physically close to the three schools, were collected simultaneously. Linear mixed effect model was used to examine the levels of correlation between lung function indicators and ambient air pollutants. Results When confounding factors on meteorology and individuals were controlled, the lag effects and accumulated lag effects were found to have existed between the internal quarter rang (IQR) concentration of PM(2.5) and PM(10) in lag2 day and lag02 days, IQR concentration of SO(2) in lag02 day and IQR concentration of NO(2) lag0 day, when small airway lung functions like MEF(25%), MEF(50%), MEF(75%) and FEF(25%-75%)(P<0.05) were inspected. Results from the two air pollutants model analysis showed that SO(2) and NO(2) presenting interactive effects with PM(2.5), PM(10) and lag effects more significant than the individual SO(2) and NO(2), respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion:Contents on the ambient air pollutants as PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) were negatively associated with the lung functions in the small airways of children, in Shanghai.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: General Office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Shanghai Xuhui Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Baoshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201901, China.
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Huangpu Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200023, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Air pollution; Mid-expiratory flow of forced vital capacity; Mixed effect model; Primary school student