title: [Five-year analysis of microbial landscape of transplantation and dialysis center (20112015)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of bacterial infections is pressing and difficult task of modern transplantology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the spectrum of bacterial microflora and bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics in patients of the transplantation and dialysis center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study analyzed the results of bacteriological tests performed in 534 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 in 2011-2015. Biomaterials for the examination included urine, blood, wound discharge and sputum. Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and mixed flora were found in 42%, 39%, 4% and 15%, respectively. Among observed associations 51% were presented by a combination of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the others were different combinations of fungi. The most often detected bacteria were Enterococcus spp. (37%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Staphylococcus spp. (19%), E. coli (13%), Streptococcus spp. (6%), P. aeruginosa (5%). Fungi of the genus Candida were isolated from 11% of all cultures. Enterococci and Klebsiella had pronounced resistance to most antibiotics. All gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the percentage of Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics is increasing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant changes in the microbial landscape and the growing antibiotic resistance dictate the need for periodic analysis of the bacterial flora in the transplantation and dialysis center.
authors.affiliation: M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zulkarnaev
authors.affiliation: M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Vatazin
authors.affiliation: M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Rusanova
authors.affiliation: M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Fedulkina
authors.affiliation: M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pasov
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D006435:Renal Dialysis
keywords: antibiotic resistance; bacteria; bacterial flora; chronic kidney disease; infection