title: Transcriptional regulation of human Paraoxonase 1 by nuclear receptors.
abstract: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent lactonase synthesized primarily in the liver and secreted into the plasma, where it is associates with high density lipoproteins (HDL). PON1 acts as antioxidant preventing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process considered critical in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Additionally, PON1 hydrolyzes and detoxifies some toxic metabolites of organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Thus, PON1 activity and expression levels are important for determining susceptibility to OPs intoxication and risk of developing diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the modulation of PON1 expression by many factors is due to interaction with nuclear receptors (NRs). Here, we briefly review the studies in this area and discuss the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of PON1 expression, as well as how understanding these mechanisms may allow us to manipulate PON1 levels to improve drug efficacy and treat disease.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: nestor_ruiz@outlook.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ponce-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: fatimurilloglez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Murillo-González
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: aerg81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rojas-García
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mike.mackness@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mackness
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: yael010@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Bernal-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: bravis13@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Barrón-Vivanco
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: batlia_c3@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González-Arias
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: irmartha@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Medina-Díaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C111235:AHR protein, human; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; C468406:PON1 protein, human