title: Optimizing spectral compositions of multichannel LED light sources by IES color fidelity index and luminous efficacy of radiation.
abstract: The trade-off between the color fidelity index (Rf) released recently by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) and luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) was investigated by adjusting the peak wavelengths, spectral widths, and intensities of four-channel LEDs utilizing a multiobjective optimization algorithm based on differential evolution in the correlated color temperature (CCT) ranging from 2800 to 6500 K for general lighting. The results indicate that Rfat a specific LER value decreases with the increasing CCT, and vice versa, and that Rfhas significant improvements over the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color rendering index (CRI) in avoiding spectral gaming and evaluating the light sources even with negative CIE general CRI (Ra). Further, the optimal peak wavelengths with regard to Rfwere identified as 629 nm, 568 nm, 504 nm, and 447 nm, yielding high color rendering in terms of Rf(93∼94) and Ra(95∼97) and relatively excellent LER (299  lm/W∼339  lm/W) over a wide range of CCTs from 2800 to 6500 K. This suggests that Rfcan be compatible with Ra, making it possible to obtain a common set of optimal peak wavelengths for Rfand Ra. Besides, the IES method could assess saturated red and skin tones more fairly than the CIE CRI. With a practical 17-channel LED array covering the resulted four optimal peak wavelengths, the improvements of the IES method over the CIE CRI were validated further.
authors.forename: Fuzheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haisong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhehong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang