title: Biomolecules for Removal of Heavy Metal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patents reveal that heavy metals are natural constituents of the earth&#039;s crust, but some heavy metals like cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic etc. are injurious to living organisms at higher concentration. Nowadays, anthropogenic activities have altered geochemical cycles and biochemical balance of heavy metals. Biomolecules are used nowadays for removal of heavy metals compared to other synthetic biosorbents due to their environmental friendly nature and cost effectiveness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work is to identify the role of biomolecules like polysaccharides, polypeptides, natural compounds containing aromatic acid etc. for heavy metal removal by bio sorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been observed that efficiency of biomolecules can be increased by functionalization e.g. cellulose functionalization with EDTA, chitosan with sulphur groups, alginate with carboxyl/ hydroxyl group etc. It was found that the porous structure of aerogel beads improves both sorption and kinetic properties of the material. Out of polypeptides metallothionein has been widely used for removal of heavy metal up to 88% from seawater after a single centrifugation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cost effective functionalized biomolecules are significantly used for remediation of heavy metals by immobilizing these biomolecules onto materials.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience, Institute of Management Studies, UC Campus, Ghaziabad, UP- 201015. India.
authors.forename: Namita Ashish
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010455:Peptides; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Biomolecules; biosorption; geochemical cycles; heavy metals; patents; ploypeptide