title: Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds and Their Hydrogel Composites for the Engineering and Regeneration of Soft Tissues.
abstract: Electrospinning has emerged as a simple, elegant, and scalable technique that can be used to fabricate polymeric nanofibers. Pure polymers as well as blends and composites of both natural and synthetic ones have been successfully electrospun into nanofiber matrices for many biomedical applications. Tissue-engineered medical implants, such as polymeric nanofiber scaffolds, are potential alternatives to autografts and allografts, which are short in supply and carry risks of disease transmission. These scaffolds have been used to engineer various soft tissues, including connective tissues, such as skin, ligament, and tendon, as well as nonconnective ones, such as vascular, muscle, and neural tissue. Electrospun nanofiber matrices show morphological similarities to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), characterized by ultrafine continuous fibers, high surface-to-volume ratios, high porosities, and variable pore-size distributions. The physiochemical properties of nanofiber matrices can be controlled by manipulating electrospinning parameters so that they meet the requirements of a specific application.Nanostructured implants show improved biological performance over bulk materials in aspects of cellular infiltration and in vivo integration, taking advantage of unique quantum, physical, and atomic properties. Furthermore, the topographies of such scaffolds has been shown to dictate cellular attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, which are critical in engineering complex functional tissues with improved biocompatibility and functional performance. This chapter discusses the use of the electrospinning technique in the fabrication of polymer nanofiber scaffolds utilized for the regeneration of soft tissues. Selected scaffolds will be seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), imaged using scanning electron and confocal microscopy, and then evaluated for their mechanical properties as well as their abilities to promote cell adhesion, proliferation , migration, and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ohan S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Manoukian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Letendre
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Paige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Augustus D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mazzocca
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. kumbar@uchc.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. kumbar@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Sangamesh G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kumbar
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003238:Connective Tissue; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: Biodegradable polymers; Electrospinning; Hydrogels; Nanofiber scaffolds; Nerve; Regenerative medicine; Skin; Soft tissue; Tendon; Tissue engineering