title: New Cytotoxic Cembranoid from Indonesian Soft CoralSarcophytonsp.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcophytonis a soft coral species that contains various secondary metabolites with cytotoxic activity. The production of cytotoxic compounds in soft corals is suggested as their allelochemical to win space competition. Therefore, if a particular soft coral species dominates a reef area, it may suggest to contain interesting bioactive compounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This research aimed to characterize the cytotoxic compounds in dominant soft coral species (Sarcophytonsp.) on the reef at the Western side of Mahengetang Island, Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolation of cytotoxic compounds through ethanol extracts had been done with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation by MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines. The structures of each cytotoxic compounds were elucidated on the basis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elucidation through all compounds found a new cembranoid, namely, 2-hydroxy-crassocolide E (1), alongside with 5 known cembranoids; sarcophytoxide (2), sarcrassin E (3), 3,7,11-cembreriene-2,15-diol (4), 11,12-epoxy-Sarcophytol A (5), and sarcophytol A (6). All of these cembranoids were showed to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 (breast) cancer, with 50% inhibition of tumor cell lines growth lower than 30 mg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest that a soft coral species which dominate a reef area is a potential source for various bioactive compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elucidation of cytotoxic compounds fromSarcophytonsp. that dominate the reef at Mahengetang Island Indonesia revealed a new compound (2-hydroxy-crassocolide E) alongside with 5 known cembranoid compounds.Abbreviations Used: SCUBA: Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus; HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; IT-TOF: Ion trap-time of flight; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2; 5-diphenyltetrazolinon bromide; DEPT: Distortionless enhancement by polarisation transfer; COSY: Correlation spectroscopy; HMBC: Heteronuclear multiplebond correlation; NOE: Nuclear overhauser effect; IG50: 50% inhibition growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indonesian Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Products Processing and Biotechnology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Hedi Indra
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Januar
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Neviaty Putri
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dedi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soedharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indonesian Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Products Processing and Biotechnology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ekowati
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chasanah
keywords: Cembranoid; Sarcophyton sp.; cytotoxic; soft coral