title: A randomised clinical study to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on plaque oral microbiome ecology.
abstract: The numerous species that make up the oral microbiome are now understood to play a key role in establishment and maintenance of oral health. The ability to taxonomically identify community members at the species level is important to elucidating its diversity and association to health and disease. We report the overall ecological effects of using a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins compared to a control toothpaste on the plaque microbiome. The results reported here demonstrate that a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins can augment natural salivary defences to promote an overall community shift resulting in an increase in bacteria associated with gum health and a concomitant decrease in those associated with periodontal disease. Statistical analysis shows significant increases in 12 taxa associated with gum health including Neisseria spp. and a significant decrease in 10 taxa associated with periodontal disease including Treponema spp. The results demonstrate that a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins can significantly shift the ecology of the oral microbiome (at species level) resulting in a community with a stronger association to health.
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Forsyth Dental Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marriott
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Brading
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D045182:Fusobacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000378:metabolism*; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods; D017861:Porphyromonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018720:Prevotella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020357:Selenomonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014208:Treponema / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004798:Enzymes; D014100:Toothpastes