title: Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep.
abstract: Sleep remains one of the most mysterious yet ubiquitous animal behaviors. We review current perspectives on the neural systems that regulate sleep/wake states in mammals and the circadian mechanisms that control their timing. We also outline key models for the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep, how mutual inhibition between specific pathways gives rise to these distinct states, and how dysfunction in these circuits can give rise to sleep disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Electronic address: tscammel@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Scammell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Elda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrigoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lipton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: REM sleep; arousal; chemogenetics; circadian; hypocretin; monoamines; non-REM sleep; optogenetics; orexin; pharmacogenetics; wake