title: Intranasal trigeminal function in patients with empty nose syndrome.
abstract: Trigeminal nerve mediates the perception of nasal airflow. This study examines whether impaired intranasal trigeminal function is a part of the paradoxical nasal obstruction sensation in patients with empty nose syndrome (ENS).
  
  
  
  Prospective case-control study in a tertiary hospital.
  
  
  
  Three groups were examined: 1) ENS patients with previous bilateral near total inferior turbinectomy, 2) patients who underwent near total inferior turbinate removal (ITR) without ENS symptoms, and 3) control participants. All participants examined with active anterior rhinomanometry, olfactory testing (extended Sniffin' Sticks test), and trigeminal testing (lateralization task using menthol and odorless solvent).
  
  
  
  Seventy-one participants were included (21 ENS patients, 18 ITR patients, and 31 controls). Analyses revealed that ENS patients had significantly lower scores on trigeminal lateralization testing than the ITR group and controls. The ENS group had also significantly lower scores in olfactory testing than controls. No statistical differences were found in rhinomanometry between groups. The gender factor was not associated with the chemosensory testing; however, this was not the case with the age factor, as trigeminal test results were negatively correlated.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates significantly impaired intranasal trigeminal function in ENS patients when compared with ITR patients and controls. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of preoperative trigeminal function of these patients and the contribution of surgery to this impairment.
  
  
  
  3b. Laryngoscope, 127:1263-1267, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Clinic, 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Iordanis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Clinic, 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsakiropoulou
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Clinic, 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Angelos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatziavramidis
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ikonomidis
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Clinic, 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008610:Menthol; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D012997:Solvents; D013577:Syndrome; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014420:Turbinates / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D008610:Menthol
keywords: Trigeminal nerve; empty nose syndrome; olfaction; turbinectomy