title: Actual long-term outcome of T1 and T2 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after surgical resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer is extremely poor. The diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at an early stage is uncommon. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pathologically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following surgical resection and their actual 5 year survival rates, especially for those with T1 and T2 early stage cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis was performed for 433 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent resection at Samsung medical center between May 1995 and December 2010. The actual 5 year survival rates and prognostic factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis showed that positive resection margin, poor differentiation, large tumor size, large amount of blood loss, and T3/T4 were independent prognostic factors on overall survival. The median survival for T1/T2 stage was 71.7 months compared to 16.1 months for those with T3/T4 stage. The actual 5 year survival rates for T1/T2 and T3/T4 stages were 66.7% and 18.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T stage is one of the strongest independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. T1/T2 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma showed good survival outcome. Therefore, additional efforts are needed to improve the screening for early detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: San Hyup
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: jsheo.md@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In Woong
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sunjong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yung Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Long term survival; Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Prognostic factors