title: Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract on brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, their mRNA levels and memory evaluation in rats.
abstract: Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae), one of the most important and popular plants of traditional medicine of Asia, is used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and in central nervous system disturbances. The main aim of this study was to assess the influence of subchronic (28-fold) administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract (SE, 200mg/kg, p.o.) on behavioural activity and memory of rats and to evaluate the activities of cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE) and gene expression levels of AChE and BuChE as well as of beta-secretase (BACE1) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in vivo. Huperzine A (HU, 0.5mg/kg b.w., p.o.) served as a positive control substance, whereas scopolamine (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) injection was used as a well-known model of memory impairment. The results showed that subchronic administration of SE led to an improvement of long-term memory of rats. Strong inhibition of AChE and BuChE mRNA transcription in the frontal cortex of rats treated with SE or HU was observed. The BACE1 transcript level was significantly decreased. AChE activity was statistically significantly inhibited in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus by SE (47% and 55%, respectively). Similar effects were observed in the case of HU. In summary, activity of SE provides evidence that the plant can be a source of drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Sw. Marii Magdaleny 14, Poznan, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: mozarow@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozarowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland; Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: przemmik@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Przemyslaw L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mikolajczak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Metabolomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Science, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: apiasecka@ibch.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piasecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland; Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: kujawskiradoslaw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kujawski
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Medical Sciences,Sw. Marii Magdaleny 14, 61-861 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: joanna@wieczorek.net.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: aniabogacz23@o2.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogacz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: mszulc@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szulc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: awekam@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology,University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: kujawska@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kujawska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gryszczynska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Metabolomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Science, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: pkac@igr.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kachlicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology for Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: waldemar.buchwald@iwnirz.pl.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Medical Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 11, Poznan, Poland; Department of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 11, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: aklejewski@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klejewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland; Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: asm@data.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Cholinesterase; Gene expression; Memory; Rat; Salvia miltiorrhiza