title: Hand-Ground Nanoscale ZnII-Based Coordination Polymers Derived from NSAIDs: Cell Migration Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cells.
abstract: Increased levels of intracellular prostaglandin E2(PGE2) have been linked with the unregulated cancer cell migration that often leads to metastasis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are responsible for the increased PGE2concentration in inflamed as well as cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that NSAID-derived ZnII-based coordination polymers are able to inhibit cell migration of human breast cancer cells. Various NSAIDs were anchored to a series of 1D ZnIIcoordination polymers through carboxylate-Zn coordination, and these structures were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Hand grinding in a pestle and mortar resulted in the first reported example of nanoscale coordination polymers that were suitable for biological studies. Two such hand-ground nanoscale coordination polymers NCP1 a and NCP2 a, which contained naproxen (a well-studied NSAID), were successfully internalized by the human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, as was evident from cellular imaging by using a fluorescence microscope. They were able to kill the cancer cells (MTT assay) more efficiently than the corresponding mother drug naproxen, and most importantly, they significantly inhibited cancer cell migration thereby displaying anticancer activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Mithun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Koushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jolly
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Parthasarathi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-2386
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dastidar
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D009288:Naproxen / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D011108:Polymers; D009288:Naproxen; D015032:Zinc
keywords: biological activity; cytotoxicity; drug delivery; imaging agents; polymers