title: Guidelines To Validate Control of Cross-Contamination during Washing of Fresh-Cut Leafy Vegetables.
abstract: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires food processors to implement and validate processes that will result in significantly minimizing or preventing the occurrence of hazards that are reasonably foreseeable in food production. During production of fresh-cut leafy vegetables, microbial contamination that may be present on the product can spread throughout the production batch when the product is washed, thus increasing the risk of illnesses. The use of antimicrobials in the wash water is a critical step in preventing such water-mediated cross-contamination; however, many factors can affect antimicrobial efficacy in the production of fresh-cut leafy vegetables, and the procedures for validating this key preventive control have not been articulated. Producers may consider three options for validating antimicrobial washing as a preventive control for cross-contamination. Option 1 involves the use of a surrogate for the microbial hazard and the demonstration that cross-contamination is prevented by the antimicrobial wash. Option 2 involves the use of antimicrobial sensors and the demonstration that a critical antimicrobial level is maintained during worst-case operating conditions. Option 3 validates the placement of the sensors in the processing equipment with the demonstration that a critical antimicrobial level is maintained at all locations, regardless of operating conditions. These validation options developed for fresh-cut leafy vegetables may serve as examples for validating processes that prevent cross-contamination during washing of other fresh produce commodities.
authors.affiliation: United Fresh Produce Association, 1901 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gombas
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10200 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: SmartWash Solutions, 1129 Harkins Road, Salinas, California 93901.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Taylor Fresh Foods, 150 Main Street, Salinas, California 93901.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shergill
authors.affiliation: Ecolab, Inc., 655 Lone Oak Drive, Eagan, Minnesota 55121.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petran
authors.affiliation: Ecolab, Inc., 655 Lone Oak Drive, Eagan, Minnesota 55121.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Ecolab, Inc., 655 Lone Oak Drive, Eagan, Minnesota 55121.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hau
authors.affiliation: Pulse Instruments, 943 Flynn Road, Camarillo, California 93012.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Apio, Inc., 4719 West Main Street, Guadalupe, California 93434.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zomorodi
authors.affiliation: JC Rosen Resources, 1123 Ripple Avenue, Pacific Grove, California 93950.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: KiVAR Chemical Technologies, 6077 Coffee Road, Bakersfield, California 93308.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varley
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Antimicrobial wash; Cross-contamination; Fresh-cut produce; Leafy vegetables; Preventive controls; Validation