title: [Diagnosis and treatment of cystitis: more questions than answers?]
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the prevalence of acute cystitis, there are still many unsolved problems of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the nosological structure of dysuria, 126 female patients who sought medical attention for frequent painful urination were examined. To determine the incidence of outpatient visits to an urologist for patients with cystitis, medical records of 6753 patients of municipal outpatient clinic were analyzed. The results of treating cystitis in 85 patients also were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 126 patients with dysuria, 31 (24.6%), 42 (33.3%) and 47 (37.3%) patients had acute uncomplicated cystitis, recurrent (chronic) cystitis without the complicating factors and recurrent (chronic) cystitis with complicating factors, respectively. Three (2.4%), 2 (1.6%) and 1 (0.8%) patients had trichomoniasis, urogenital herpes and tuberculosis, respectively. As a result of 6753 visits to the urologist, inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system were detected in 3194 (47.3%) patients, of which 64.7%, 19.6%, 5.3% and 2.7% had chronic pyelonephritis, chronic cystitis, chronic prostatitis and acute cystitis, respectively. Selecting the optimal drugs increases the treatment effectiveness of acute uncomplicated and chronic cystitis by 6% and 17%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of clinical guidelines and scientific publications aimed at acute uncomplicated cystitis, while the proportion of the disease does not exceed 26% among the patients presenting with dysuria, and comprise only 2.7% among outpatient urologist visits for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract. Selecting the optimal drugs increases the treatment effectiveness of acute uncomplicated and chronic cystitis by 6% and 17%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.|Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kulchavenya
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.|Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia.|City Polyclinic 26, Novosibirsk.
authors.forename: S Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shevchenko
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cherednichenko
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D053159:Dysuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: acute cystitis; canephron; chronic cystitis; fluoroquinolone antibiotics; fosfomycin; nitrofurantoin; phytotherapy; recurrent cystitis; urinary tract infections; urogenital infections