title: Assessment of human dietary exposure to arsenic through rice.
abstract: Rice accumulates 10-fold higher inorganic arsenic (i-As), an established human carcinogen, than other grains. This review summarizes epidemiologic studies that examined the association between rice consumption and biomarkers of arsenic exposure. After reviewing the literature we identified 20 studies, among them included 18 observational and 2 human experimental studies that reported on associations between rice consumption and an arsenic biomarker. Among individuals not exposed to contaminated water, rice is a source of i-As exposure - rice consumption has been consistently related to arsenic biomarkers, and the relationship has been clearly demonstrated in experimental studies. Early-life i-As exposure is of particular concern due to its association with lifelong adverse health outcomes. Maternal rice consumption during pregnancy also has been associated with infant toenail total arsenic concentrations indicating that dietary exposure during pregnancy results in fetal exposure. Thus, the collective evidence indicates that rice is an independent source of arsenic exposure in populations around the world and highlights the importance of investigating its affect on health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States; University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Signes-Pastor
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argos
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Slaughter
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pendergrast
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Punshon
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
authors.forename: Anala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gossai
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Habibul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States. Electronic address: Margaret.R.Karagas@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karagas
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D000074341:Dietary Exposure; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D012275:Oryza; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic metabolites; Bio monitoring; Dietary; Exposure; Rice; Toenails; Urine