title: Updating Nutritional Data and Evaluation of Technological Parameters of Italian Milk.
abstract: Different technologically treated Italian milks (whole and semi-skimmed ultra-high temperature (UHT), pasteurized and microfiltered milk), collected from 2009 to 2012, were evaluated for nutritional and technological properties. No significant differences in calcium and sodium were detected (p> 0.05), while significant differences were observed concerning phosphorus content, between whole and semi-skimmed milk, and lactose content, between pasteurized and UHT milk (p< 0.05). In UHT milk, lactose isomerization occurred, and lactulose (from 8.6 to 104.0 mg/100 g) was detected. No significant differences (p> 0.05) were detected for choline, a functional molecule, between whole (11.3-14.6 mg/100 g) and semi-skimmed milk (11.1-14.7 mg/100 g), but there were significant differences (p< 0.05) in processing milk (UHTvs.pasteurized milk and UHTvs.microfiltered milk). Among the unsaponifiable compounds, only 13cisretinol andtransretinol showed differences in technologically treated milk (pasteurizedvs.UHT milk and microfilteredvs.UHT milk;p< 0.05). In this research, the greater was the "severity" of milk treatment, the higher was the percent ratio 13cis/transretinol (DRI, degree of retinol isomerization). The degree of antioxidant protection parameter (DAP), useful to estimate the potential oxidative stability of fat in foods, was significantly different between whole and semi-skimmed milk (p< 0.05). Finally, the evaluation of color measurement of whole milk showed a good correlation between beta carotene andb* (r= 0.854) and between lactulose anda* (r= 0.862).
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Council-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (C.R.A.-NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, Roma 00178, Italy. manzi@inran.it.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manzi
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Council-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (C.R.A.-NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, Roma 00178, Italy. dicostanzo@inran.it.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Di Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Council-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (C.R.A.-NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, Roma 00178, Italy. mattera@inran.it.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattera
keywords: cholesterol; choline; color measurement; commercial milk; fat-soluble vitamins; minerals; technological treatment