title: Reliability of Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density among Preadolescent Children.
abstract: Macular pigment optical density (MPOD)-assessed using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP)-is related to better cognition and brain lutein among adults. However, the reliability of MPOD assessed by cHFP has not been investigated in children. We assessed inter-session reliability of MPOD using modified cHFP. 7-10-year-olds (n= 66) underwent cHFP over 2 visits using 11 examiners. Reliability was also assessed in a subsample (n= 46) with only 2 examiners. Among all participants, there was no significant difference between the two sessions (p= 0.59-session 1: 0.61 ± 0.28; session 2: 0.62 ± 0.27). There was no significant difference in the MPOD of boysvs.girls (p= 0.56). There was a significant correlation between sessions (Y = 0.52x + 0.31;R² = 0.29,p≤ 0.005), with a reliability of 0.70 (Cronbach's α). Among the subsample with 2 examiners, there was a significant correlation between sessions (Y = 0.54x + 0.31;R² = 0.32,p< 0.005), with a reliability of 0.72 (Cronbach's α). In conclusion, there is moderate reliability for modified cHFP to measure MPOD in preadolescents. These findings provide support for future studies aiming to conduct noninvasive assessments of retinal xanthophylls and study their association with cognition during childhood.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. mccorkl2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Sasha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McCorkle
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. lraine2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA. bhammond@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Billy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renzi-Hammond
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. chhillma@illinois.edu.|Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. chhillma@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. nakhan2@illinois.edu.|Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. nakhan2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Naiman A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: heterochromatic flicker photometry; macular pigment optical density; retinal lutein