title: Air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty: A direct correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationships between air pollutant concentration levels and admission for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have never been assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 4 consecutive years of medical and instrumental data (1st January 2012 to 1st March 2016) to identify patients admitted with STEMI and subsequently treated with primary PCI in our third referral center. Daily atmospheric pressure data (in hectopascal [hPa]) and air pollutant concentration levels were obtained from the regional meteorological service which had a monitoring site in our city (Rovigo, Italy). Pollutants investigated were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤10μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Safety air concentration levels for the air pollutants were also considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCI in STEMI patients was more frequent when AP was higher than 1013.15hPa (61.8% vs 38.2%, p<0.001). The incidences of STEMI patients when NO2, PM10and O3levels overcame the safe threshold were 83.1%, 52% and 8.5%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the daily number of STEMI subsequently treated with primary PCI and the air pollutant levels of the same day for NO2(r=0.205, p=0.001), PM10(r=0.349, p<0.0001) and O3(r=0.191, p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A direct and significant correlation exists between the number of daily STEMI patients and the NO2, PM10and O3air concentration levels of the same day.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy; Section of Internal and Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuin
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rigatelli
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: dell'Avvocata
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picariello
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcantoni
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardaioli
authors.affiliation: Section of Internal and Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy. Electronic address: roncon.loris@azisanrovigo.it.
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roncon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000072657:ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D012621:Seasons; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Air pollution; Primary coronary intervention; STEMI