title: Potential use of ionic species for identifying source land-uses of stormwater runoff.
abstract: Identifying critical land-uses or source areas is important to prioritize resources for cost-effective stormwater management. This study investigated the use of information on ionic composition as a fingerprint to identify the source land-use of stormwater runoff. We used 12 ionic species in stormwater runoff monitored for a total of 20 storm events at five sites with different land-use compositions during the 2012-2014 wet seasons. A stepwise forward discriminant function analysis (DFA) with the jack-knifed cross validation approach was used to select ionic species that better discriminate the land-use of its source. Of the 12 ionic species, 9 species (K+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+, Br-, Cl-, F-, NO2-, and SO42-) were selected for better performance of the DFA. The DFA successfully differentiated stormwater samples from urban, rural, and construction sites using concentrations of the ionic species (70%, 95%, and 91% of correct classification, respectively). Over 80% of the new data cases were correctly classified by the trained DFA model. When applied to data cases from a mixed land-use catchment and downstream, the DFA model showed the greater impact of urban areas and rural areas respectively in the earlier and later parts of a storm event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University - Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea E-mail: joohyon@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University - Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea E-mail: joohyon@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Jin Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University - Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea E-mail: joohyon@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 449-728, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University - Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea E-mail: joohyon@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Joo-Hyon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011891:Rain; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012621:Seasons; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D007477:Ions