title: How thyroid hormone regulates transformation of larval epithelial cells into adult stem cells in the amphibian intestine.
abstract: In the amphibian intestine during metamorphosis, a small number of larval epithelial cells dedifferentiate into adult stem cells that newly form the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian counterpart, while most of them undergo apoptosis. Because this larval-to-adult intestinal remodeling can be experimentally induced by thyroid hormone (TH) both in vivo and in vitro, TH response genes identified in the Xenopus intestine provide us valuable clues to investigating how adult stem cells and their niche are formed during postembryonic development. Their expression and functional analyses by using the culture and recent transgenic (Tg) techniques have shed light on key signaling pathways essential for intestinal stem cell development. The present review focuses on such recent findings and discusses the evolutionally conserved roles of TH in development or maintenance of the stem cells which are common to the terrestrial vertebrate intestines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan. Electronic address: a-oka@nms.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishizuya-Oka
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000235:genetics; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000235:genetics; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; C558166:Shh protein, Xenopus; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; C000598273:Ror2 protein, Xenopus; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Adult stem cell; Dedifferentiation; Intestinal remodeling; Metamorphosis; Stem cell niche; Thyroid hormone (TH)