title: Comparative research on stability of baicalin and baicalein administrated in monomer and total flavonoid fraction form of Radix scutellariae in biological fluids in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baicalin (BL) and baicalein (B) as the major flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) have been investigated intensively, and shown to possess a multitude of pharmacological activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study systematically evaluates the stability of BL and B in monomer and total flavonoid fraction (FSR) form in vitro, and further studies whether the protective measures are effective to make B and BL stable enough to meet the requirement of quantitative analysis in various biological samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stability of BL and B was evaluated by investigating the influence factors such as pH (2.0, 3.0, 4.5, 6.8, 7.4 and 9.0), temperature (4, 25 and 40 °C), antioxidant (vitamin C and Na2SO3) and sunlight. After the protective measures were taken, stability of BL and B in plasma, urine and tissue homogenates was evaluated through post-preparative stability (stored at 4 °C for 24 h), three freeze-thaw cycles stability and long-term stability test (stored in refrigerator at -20 °C for 15 days). In addition, by comparing the degradation parameters of BL and B obtained from the monomer administration group with those of the FSR administration group, drug-drug interaction of coexistent components in FSR on the stability of BL and B was discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degradation of BL and B was both pH- and temperature-dependent with their correlation coefficents for first-order kinetics equation larger than 0.99, and acidic environment (pH 2-4.5), lower temperature (<4 °C) and acidic antioxidant (e.g. vitamin C) were conducive to stabilize B and BL. Furthermore, coexistent components in FSR were proved to have function on inhibiting the degradation of BL and B in our study for the first time, which was characteristic of prolonging their biological half-life (t1/2) significantly, e.g., from 2.89 h to indefinite for BL (pH 6.8, 25 °C), from 2.63 h to 4.48 h for B (pH 6.8, 25 °C) and so on. Antioxidant of Na2SO3could inhibit the degradation of BL with t1/2increasing from 1.8 h to 3.5 h, but aggravate the bio-transformation of B with t1/2decreasing from 0.92 h to 0.29 h. Our research proved that BL monomer, and BL and B in FSR form could be stabilized enough to meet the requirement of biological quantitative analysis under the protection of coexistent components in FSR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained indicated that the stability of BL and B was affected not only by its environmental parameters, but also by the coexistent components in the effective total flavonoids fractions.
authors.affiliation: a College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: b College of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: b College of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: b College of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: b College of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: b College of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: b College of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D004355:Drug Stability; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D031364:Scutellaria baicalensis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C499814:Scutellaria baicalensis extract; C038044:baicalin; C006680:baicalein
keywords: Degradation; HPLC; drug–drug interaction