title: Galantamine Response Associates with Agitation and the Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur in up to 80% of AD patients and represent one of the largest factors contributing to caregiver burden. To analyze the effect of galantamine on BPSD and caregiver burden, we treated a total of 50 patients with mild AD for 12 weeks and evaluated them using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). We also performed regional cerebral blood flow single photon emission computed tomography (rCBF SPECT) at baseline using three-dimensional sterotatic surface projections. Total NPI and ZBI scores did not significantly change after 12-week galantamine treatment. To identify the characteristics of patients who showed improvement after galantamine treatment, we divided patients into two groups, those with and those without sub-items on the NPI. Patients with aggression showed improvement in ZBI scores (p < 0.05). A comparison of rCBF SPECT between these two groups indicated that patients with aggression exhibited increased rCBF in the right prefrontal cortex compared with those without aggression. In a patient with aggression, 20-month treatment with galantamine inhibited increases in the rCBF area in the right prefrontal lobe. These results suggest that galantamine response may be related to aggression and dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Motoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D005702:Galantamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D005702:Galantamine
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; agitation; galantamine; prefrontal cortex