title: The Caudal Skeleton of the Zebrafish,Danio rerio, from a Phylogenetic Perspective: A Polyural Interpretation of Homologous Structures.
abstract: The structure of the caudal skeleton of extant teleost fishes has been interpreted in two different ways. In a diural interpretation, a caudal skeleton is composed of two centra articulated with one to six hypurals. Most subsequent authors have followed this interpretation. In contrast, a polyural interpretation considers the teleost fin to be derived from a fully metameristic ancestralbauplanoriginally composed of a one-to-one relationship between neural arches, centra (when present), and hypurals. Three different interpretations of the identity and homology of skeletal components of the caudal skeleton of the teleost fishDanio reriohave been proposed, two from a diural perspective and one from a polyural perspective. We examine each caudal skeletal component ofDanio reriofrom both a developmental and phylogenetic perspective. We propose that a polyural interpretation of structures is consistent with the current interpretation of the basal neopterygian caudal fin for this model organism rather than the older diural interpretation that does not take into account the metamerism observed in caudal structures during development. The polyural interpretation suggests several shared evolutionary innovations of major clades that would remain undiscovered under the older diural naming paradigm and makes the terminology of the parts of the caudal fin ofDanio reriostrictly comparable to more basal fishes.
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas 66045.
authors.forename: Edward O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 335 Pacific Hall, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5289.
authors.forename: Allison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fuiten
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Tulane University Museum of Natural History, 3705 Main St., Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Doosey
authors.affiliation: Section of Integrative Biology, One University Station C0900, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lohman
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merkes
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045.
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma