title: How can we prove that a preventive measure in elite sport is effective when the prevalence of the injury (eg, ACL tear in alpine ski racing) is low? A case for surrogate outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kröll
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spörri
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sophie Elspeth
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Steenstrup
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwameder
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahr
mesh_terms: D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015995:Prevalence; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: alpine skiing; elite sport; epidemiology; injury prevention; sample size; statistical power