title: Everyday memory impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis.
abstract: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) have episodic memory impairment. Memory has rarely been evaluated using an ecologic measure, even though performance on these tests is more related to patients' memory complaints. We aimed to measure everyday memory of patients with TLE-HS to age- and gender-matched controls.
  
  
  
  We evaluated 31 patients with TLE-HS and 34 healthy controls, without epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, using the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT), Visual Reproduction (WMS-III) and Logical Memory (WMS-III). We evaluated the impact of clinical variables such as the age of onset, epilepsy duration, AED use, history of status epilepticus, and seizure frequency on everyday memory. Statistical analyses were performed using MANCOVA with years of education as a confounding factor.
  
  
  
  Patients showed worse performance than controls on traditional memory tests and in the overall score of RBMT. Patients had more difficulties to recall names, a hidden belonging, to deliver a message, object recognition, to remember a story full of details, a previously presented short route, and in time and space orientation. Clinical epilepsy variables were not associated with RBMT performance. Memory span and working memory were correlated with worse performance on RBMT.
  
  
  
  Patients with TLE-HS demonstrated deficits in everyday memory functions. A standard neuropsychological battery, designed to assess episodic memory, would not evaluate these impairments. Impairment in recalling names, routes, stories, messages, and space/time disorientation can adversely impact social adaptation, and we must consider these ecologic measures with greater attention in the neuropsychological evaluation of patients with memory complaints.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Psychiatry Department, University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroimaging in Neuroscience (LIM 21), University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Group for the Study of Cognitive and Psychiatric Disorders in Epilepsy, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil. Electronic address: patriciarzezak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzezak
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Psychiatry Department, University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Group for the Study of Cognitive and Psychiatric Disorders in Epilepsy, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Ellen Marise
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gargaro
authors.affiliation: Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Psychiatry Department, University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Group for the Study of Cognitive and Psychiatric Disorders in Epilepsy, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vincentiis
authors.affiliation: Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Tonicarlo Rodrigues
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.affiliation: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: João Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimaging in Neuroscience (LIM 21), University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Geraldo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Busatto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Psychiatry Department, University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroimaging in Neuroscience (LIM 21), University of São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Group for the Study of Cognitive and Psychiatric Disorders in Epilepsy, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Kette D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Valente
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epilepsy; Episodic memory; Everyday memory; Memory; Temporal lobe epilepsy