title: Influence of hyperglycemia on liver inflammatory conditions in the early phase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has high prevalence and now important issue of public health. In general, there exists strong interaction between NAFLD and diabetes, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. In this study, we determined the effects of hyperglycemia on progression in the early phase of NAFLD in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male ddY mice were fed a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) consisting of 60% of kcal from fat and 0.1% methionine by weight. Hyperglycemic condition was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. The assessment of liver function used serum AST and ALT levels, and histological analysis. Hepatic tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA levels was estimated by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 3-42 days that the mice were fed CDAHFD, the livers gradually caused accumulation of fat, and infiltration of inflammation cells gradually increased. Serum AST and ALT levels and significantly increased after being fed CDAHFD for 3 days and were exacerbated by the STZ-induced hyperglycemic condition. In addition, hepatic TNF-α mRNA also significantly increased. These phenomena reversed by insulin administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that progression in the early phase of NAFLD may be exacerbated by hyperglycemia-induced exacerbation of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Tokio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Health Support, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kobe Asahi Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Ke Ih
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe Asahi Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Soo Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe Asahi Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Soo Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008715:Methionine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: hyperglycemia; inflammation; insulin; non-alcholic fatty liver disease