title: Tibial tuberosity advancement in small-breed dogs using TTA Rapid implants: complications and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the perioperative complications and the outcome when treating small-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with tibial tuberosity advancement using the TTA Rapid implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 dogs (48 stifles) with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency and body weight of 15 kg or less. Diagnosis was confirmed by arthroscopy or arthrotomy, followed by tibial tuberosity advancement surgery. Six weeks after surgery, the dogs were re-evaluated with clinical examination and radiography. Mid- to long-term outcome was assessed using client questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative complications consisted of four osteotomy-related fissures through the cranial cortex; two complete fissures were stabilised with a screw, the others healed without intervention. After surgery there were two tibial fractures and two incisional complications. Six weeks postoperatively, limb function was good to excellent in 43 dogs (94%). Two late meniscal injuries occurred. The overall major complication rate was 7/48 14·6%). Mid- to long-term follow-up information was available for 43 stifles: 34 stifles (79%) were free of lameness at a median of 72 weeks postoperatively. The outcome was rated excellent by 88% of the clients and good by 7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of TTA Rapid implants is an alternative for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in small-breed dogs, with complication rates comparable to those recorded in larger breeds and to other techniques, and with a high degree of owner satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Evidensia Specialistdjursjukshuset, 734 94, Strömsholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dyall
authors.affiliation: Evidensia Specialistdjursjukshuset, 734 94, Strömsholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmökel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D013264:Stifle / Q000601:surgery; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome