title: Development of a Home Food Safety Questionnaire Based on the PRECEDE Model: Targeting Iranian Women.
abstract: Food safety is an essential public health issue for all countries. This study was the first attempt to design and develop a home food safety questionnaire (HFSQ), in the conceptual framework of the PRECEDE (predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational diagnosis and evaluation) model, and to assess its validity and reliability. The HFSQ was developed by reviewing electronic databases and 12 focus group discussions with 96 women volunteers. Ten panel members reviewed the questionnaire, and the content validity ratio and content validity index were computed. Twenty women completed the HFSQ, and face validity was assessed. Women who were responsible for food handling in their households (n =320) were selected randomly from 10 health centers and completed the HFSQ based on the PRECEDE model. To examine the construct validity, a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was used. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's α. Reproducibility was checked by Kendall's τ after 4 weeks with 30 women. The developed HSFQ was considered acceptable with a content validity index of 0.88. Face validity revealed that 95% of the participants understood the questions and found them easy to answer, and 90% confirmed the appearance of the HFSQ and declared the layout acceptable. Principal component factor analysis revealed that the HFSQ could explain 33.7, 55.3, 34.8, and 60.0% of the total variance of the predisposing, reinforcing, practice, and enabling components, respectively. Cronbach's α was acceptable at 0.73. For Kendall's τc, r = 0.89, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.85 to 0.93. The HFSQ developed based on the PRECEDE model met the standards of acceptable reliability and validity, which can be generalized to a wider population. These results can provide information for the development of effective communication strategies to promote home food safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esfarjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hedayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Roshanak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roustaee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Haleh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alikhanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalafi
authors.affiliation: Parto Sard Tavan Co., Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Farhad
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kiaee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khaksar
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Focus group discussion; Home food safety questionnaire; Reliability; Validity