title: Separate aftereffects of morning and evening exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in prehypertensive men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinic postexercise hypotension (PEH) is different after aerobic exercise performed in the morning and in the evening. Thus, ambulatory PEH should also differ after exercises conducted at different times of day. However, because of the circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP), ambulatory PEH should be assessed considering a control condition. Thus, this study was designed to verify the effects of morning and evening exercises on postexercise ambulatory BP averages and circadian parameters by comparing responses obtained at each time of day after an exercise and a control session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen prehypertensive men underwent four sessions (randomized order): two in the morning (9 am) and two in the evening (6:30 pm). At each time of day, a control (C) and an exercise (E: cycle ergometer 45 min, 50% VO2peak) sessions were performed. After the sessions, an ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR) monitoring was started for 24 h. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used to compare the E and the C sessions at each time of day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the morning, 24 h, daytime and nighttime HR were higher after the E than the C session. In the evening, nighttime systolic BP (116±11 vs. 120±10 mmHg, P=0.04) and rate pressure product (7981±1294 vs. 8583±1523 mmHg.bpm, P=0.04), as well as MESOR (128±11 vs. 130±10 mmHg, P=0.03) were lower in the E than the C session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In prehypertensive men, morning exercise increased ambulatory HR, while evening exercise decreased nighttime BP and cardiac work, reducing the MESOR of systolic BP.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Silva-Junior
authors.affiliation: Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Post-Graduate Program of Medical School, University of 9 July, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tinucci
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cipolla-Neto
authors.affiliation: Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil - cforjaz@usp.br.
authors.forename: Cláudia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: de Moraes Forjaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057774:Post-Exercise Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult