title: [Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in children less than 6 years-old: long-term progress].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study are to evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment in pre-school children with type I diabetes, and to assess whether the criteria of good metabolic control are achieved.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review was performed on the medical charts of patient's<6 years of age who started CSII treatment between 2003 and 2014. The cohort consisted of 27 patients (mean age 4 (2.9-4.7) years, 56% males). An analysis was made including the age at onset, type I diabetes duration, HbA1c (HPLC, Menarini, normal value 5.1±0.31%), insulin dose (u/kg/day), number of capillary blood glucose measurements, number of baseline processes per day, % baseline/total insulin (B/TI), insulin ratios (I/HC) at different meals, severe hypoglycaemia (HS episodes/100 patients years), DKA events, percentages of normal blood glucose (70-180mg/dl), hyperglycaemia (>180mg/dl), and hypoglycaemia (<70mg/dl), mean blood glucose, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (SD/mean glucose ×100). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA1c decreased from 6.9% (6.7-7.5) to 6.8% (6.4-7.1) after one year of CSII. Afterwards, it remained under 6.8% during the follow-up (median 5 years [3-6]). Prior to CSII, 74% of children had HbA1c levels < 7.5%. It increased to 96% after one year of CSII. Median blood glucose measurements /day was 10 (9-11). Total insulin dose did not change significantly. During the follow-up, there was one episode of DKA and one episode of HS. I/HC at breakfast were higher than at other meals (0.92 vs. 0.55, 0.6 and 0.5, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSII is effective and safe in pre-school children. It allows good metabolic control (based on Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes / American Diabetes Association criteria) to be achieved and maintained for long periods of time without an increase in adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España. Electronic address: esmcol@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colino
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín Frías
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yelmo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrio
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055104:Infusions, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; Diabetes; Infusión continua de insulina; Pre-school children; Preescolares