title: Update on Effectiveness of an Electromagnetic Feeding Tube-Placement Device in Detecting Respiratory Placements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiography is the accepted gold standard for testing feeding tube placement; however, an electromagnetic tube-placement device (ETPD) is sometimes used in lieu of radiography for this purpose. High success rates have been reported when the device was used by well-trained individuals. However, authors previously described 20 cases that occurred between 2007 and 2012 in which clinicians voluntarily reported inability to detect inadvertent tube insertions in the respiratory tract while using an ETPD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe case reports to the US Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database between 2013 and 2015 regarding inadvertent respiratory placement of feeding tubes by operators using an ETPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MAUDE database was searched for cases dated from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2015, along with selected brand names. A total of 34 cases (25 after removal of duplicates) were located in which a feeding tube was inserted into the respiratory tract during insertions assisted by an ETPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sites of the malpositioned tubes included the right lung (n = 13), left lung (n = 6), unspecified lung (n = 4), and bronchus (n = 2). A pneumothorax occurred in 17 of the 25 misplacements; feedings were administered in 6 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many case reports involved clinicians failing to recognize tube misplacements in the respiratory tract while using an ETPD. These reports provide evidence that not all clinicians can use the device effectively to detect malpositioned tubes. Thus, one must continue to question the wisdom of eliminating radiographic confirmation of tube position before starting feedings.
authors.affiliation: Norma A. Metheny is a professor of nursing and holds the Dorothy A. Votsmier Endowed Chair in Nursing at Saint Louis University School of Nursing, St Louis, Missouri. Kathleen L. Meert is a professor of medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, and chief, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan. methenna@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Norma A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Metheny
authors.affiliation: Norma A. Metheny is a professor of nursing and holds the Dorothy A. Votsmier Endowed Chair in Nursing at Saint Louis University School of Nursing, St Louis, Missouri. Kathleen L. Meert is a professor of medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, and chief, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Meert
mesh_terms: D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies