title: Novel microbial photobioelectrochemical cell using an invasive ultramicroelectrode array and a microfluidic chamber.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To fabricate a novel microbial photobioelectrochemical cell using silicon microfabrication techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-density photosynthetic cells were immobilized in a microfluidic chamber, and ultra-microelectrodes in a microtip array were inserted into the cytosolic space of the cells to directly harvest photosynthetic electrons. In this way, the microbial photobioelectrochemical cell operated without the aid of electron mediators. Both short circuit current and open circuit voltage of the microbial photobioelectrochemical cell responded to light stimuli, and recorded as high as 250 pA and 45 mV, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A microbial photobioelectrochemical cell was fabricated with potential use in next-generation photosynthesis-based solar cells and sensors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak_1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Geun
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sunghwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soohwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak_1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Kweon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. sbai@dankook.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seoung Jai
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D002708:Chlorella / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004867:Equipment Design; D008839:Microelectrodes; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D058433:Photobioreactors
keywords: Cell immobilization; Microbial photobioelectrochemical cell; Microfluidic device; Microtip array; Ultra-microelectrodes