title: Effects upon metabolic pathways and energy production by Sb(III) and As(III)/Sb(III)-oxidase gene aioA in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4.
abstract: Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 is a heterotrophic arsenite [As(III)]/antimonite [Sb(III)]-oxidizing strain. The As(III) oxidase AioAB is responsible for As(III) oxidation in the periplasm and it is also involved in Sb(III) oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. In addition, Sb(III) oxidase AnoA and cellular H2O2 are also responsible for Sb(III) oxidation in strain GW4. However, the deletion of aioA increased the Sb(III) oxidation efficiency in strain GW4. In the present study, we found that the cell mobility to Sb(III), ATP and NADH contents and heat release were also increased by Sb(III) and more significantly in the aioA mutant. Proteomics and transcriptional analyses showed that proteins/genes involved in Sb(III) oxidation and resistance, stress responses, carbon metabolism, cell mobility, phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism were induced by Sb(III) and were more significantly induced in the aioA mutant. The results suggested that Sb(III) oxidation may produce energy. In addition, without periplasmic AioAB, more Sb(III) would enter bacterial cells, however, the cytoplasmic AnoA and the oxidative stress response proteins were significantly up-regulated, which may contribute to the increased Sb(III) oxidation efficiency. Moreover, the carbon metabolism was also activated to generate more energy against Sb(III) stress. The generated energy may be used in Sb transportation, DNA repair, amino acid synthesis, and cell mobility, and may be released in the form of heat.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jingxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Birong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Manman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mingshun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Gejiao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-7528
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000965:Antimony / Q000737:chemistry*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004260:DNA Repair; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009154:Mutation; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D018053:Arsenites; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D063065:Organophosphonates; D010710:Phosphates; D009243:NAD; C061374:antimonite; D002244:Carbon; D000965:Antimony; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C015001:arsenite; D010100:Oxygen