title: Delta Opioid Receptors and Cardioprotection.
abstract: The opioid receptor family, with associated endogenous ligands, has numerous roles throughout the body. Moreover, the delta opioid receptor (DORs) has various integrated roles within the physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. While DORs are important modulators of cardiovascular autonomic balance, they are well-established contributors to cardioprotective mechanisms. Both endogenous and exogenous opioids acting upon DORs have roles in myocardial hibernation and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Downstream signalling mechanisms governing protective responses alternate, depending on the timing and duration of DOR activation. The following review describes models and mechanisms of DOR-mediated cardioprotection, the impact of co-morbidities and challenges for clinical translation.
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.|Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: See Hoe
authors.affiliation: VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.|Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hemal H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia. j.peart@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jason N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Peart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000187:drug effects; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta
keywords: Cardioprotection; Delta opioid receptor; Ischaemia-reperfusion injury