title: An experimental investigation on the speed of sand flow through a fixed porous bed.
abstract: In this study, we document several experiments that investigate the speed of the flow of fine sand through a fixed porous bed of packed glass beads under various conditions, including the height of the sand column (H) and porous bed (h) and the diameter of the glass beads (D) and sand grains (d). The experiments are conducted with glass beads packed at a constant density and sand at a different dry bulk density. The results show that the height of the sand does not affect the speed of the sand flow. The speed of the sand flow (v) decreases with an increase in h until h approaches a certain value. An equation [Formula: see text] is proposed, where a and k are the experimentally determined coefficients. Moreover, the flow of sand through a fixed porous bed could be regarded as parallel flow through multiple pipes, and therefore, the relationship between D and the number and diameter of pipes, N and Dp, are discussed. Further investigations are needed for the result that the flow of sand through a porous bed or multiple parallel pipes cannot be simplified to flow through one orifice with a certain diameter.
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. suiwanghua@cumt.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wanghua
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7004-1877
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yankun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xinjia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of the Pacific, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: WanliCoalmine No. 1, Shenhua Shendong Group Co. Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu