title: Spherical nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp via ultrasound assisted hydrolysis.
abstract: Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp (EFBP) using ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis. The obtained NCC was analysed using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA, and compared with raw empty fruit bunch fibre (REFB), empty fruit bunch pulp (EFBP), and treated empty fruit bunch pulp (TEFBP). Based on FESEM analysis, it was found that NCC has a spherical shaped after acid hydrolysis with the assistance of ultrasound. This situation was different compared to previous studies that obtained rod-like shaped of NCC. Furthermore, the crystallinity of NCC is higher compared to REFB and EFBP. According to thermal stability, the NCC obtained shows remarkable sign of high thermal stability compared to REFB and EFBP.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Electronic address: zianorazrina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zianor Azrina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Electronic address: dhbeg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M Dalour H
authors.initials: MDH
authors.lastname: Beg
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Electronic address: rmy@ump.edu.my.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Rosli
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ridzco@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ridzuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Electronic address: half_zan88@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Norhafzan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Junadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Electronic address: akmmalam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A K M Moshiul
authors.initials: AKMM
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC); raw empty fruit bunch fibre (REFB); ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis