title: Evaluation of the 14-d CIDR-PG and 9-d CIDR-PG protocols for synchronization of estrus in Bos indicus-influenced and Bos taurus beef heifers.
abstract: Two long-term, CIDR-based estrus synchronization protocols were evaluated among Bos indicus-influenced and Bos taurus beef heifers. Treatments were evaluated on the basis of estrous response and pregnancy rate resulting from fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), and these outcomes were analyzed retrospectively relative to reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1-5) at treatment initiation. Estrus was synchronized for 1139 heifers in three locations, and heifers were assigned to one of two treatments within each location based on RTS. Heifers assigned to the 14-d CIDR-PG protocol received a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert (1.38 g progesterone) on Day 0, CIDR removal on Day 14, administration of prostaglandin F2α(PG; 25 mg im) on Day 30, and administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg im) concurrent with FTAI on Day 33, 66 h after PG. Heifers assigned to the 9-d CIDR-PG protocol received administration of PG concurrent with CIDR insertion on Day 5, administration of PG concurrent with CIDR removal on Day 14, administration of PG on Day 30, and administration of GnRH concurrent with FTAI on Day 33, 66 h after PG. Estrus detection aids were applied at CIDR removal on Day 14 and at PG on Day 30 to evaluate estrous response rate. Mean RTS differed (P < 0.0001) based on biological type due to higher rates of estrous cyclicity (RTS 4 and 5) among Bos taurus heifers (72%; 416/574) than among Bos indicus-influenced heifers (27%; 150/565). The proportion of heifers expressing estrus following CIDR removal was greater (P = 0.01) among heifers assigned to the 14-d CIDR-PG treatment (88%; 492/559) compared to the 9-d CIDR-PG treatment (83%; 480/580). Estrous response following CIDR removal was also higher (P < 0.0001) among Bos taurus (95%; 547/574) compared to Bos indicus-influenced (75%; 425/565) heifers. Rate of estrous response prior to FTAI did not differ significantly based on treatment but was higher (P < 0.0001) among Bos taurus heifers (60%; 344/574) than among Bos indicus-influenced heifers (45%; 253/565). However, the effect of biological type on estrous response was not significant when RTS was included in the model, as RTS significantly (P < 0.0001) affected the rate of estrous response both at CIDR removal and prior to FTAI. Across treatments and biological types, heifers that expressed estrus prior to AI achieved higher (P < 0.0001) AI pregnancy rates than heifers failing to express estrus. Pregnancy rates to FTAI did not differ significantly based on treatment in either biological type. Higher rates of estrous cyclicity among Bos taurus heifers resulted in higher FTAI pregnancy rates among Bos taurus (51%; 290/574) compared to Bos indicus-influenced heifers (39%; 218/565). However, pregnancy rates of respective RTS did not differ based on biological type. In summary, long-term CIDR-based protocols provide a simple, effective method of estrus synchronization in Bos indicus-influenced and Bos taurus beef heifers. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of management practices that result in high rates of estrous cyclicity prior to protocol initiation, particularly among later maturing breeds and biological types.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: J W C
authors.initials: JWC
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: Agriculture Experiment Station Statistician, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ellersieck
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Yelich
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Poock
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States. Electronic address: PattersonD@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D011372:Progestins; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: Beef heifer; Estrus synchronization; Timed artificial insemination