title: A Temperature-Dependent Battery Model for Wireless Sensor Networks.
abstract: Energy consumption is a major issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as nodes are powered by chemical batteries with an upper bounded lifetime. Estimating the lifetime of batteries is a difficult task, as it depends on several factors, such as operating temperatures and discharge rates. Analytical battery models can be used for estimating both the battery lifetime and the voltage behavior over time. Still, available models usually do not consider the impact of operating temperatures on the battery behavior. The target of this work is to extend the widely-used Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM) to include the effect of temperature on the battery behavior. The proposed Temperature-Dependent KiBaM (T-KiBaM) is able to handle operating temperatures, providing better estimates for the battery lifetime and voltage behavior. The performed experimental validation shows that T-KiBaM achieves an average accuracy error smaller than 0.33%, when estimating the lifetime of Ni-MH batteries for different temperature conditions. In addition, T-KiBaM significantly improves the original KiBaM voltage model. The proposed model can be easily adapted to handle other battery technologies, enabling the consideration of different WSN deployments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Automation and Systems, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil. l.m.rodrigues@posgrad.ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Leonardo M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Automation and Systems, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil. carlos.montez@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montez
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88905-120 Araranguá, Brazil. ricardo.moraes@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: INEGI/INESC-TEC-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. pportugal@fe.up.pt.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Portugal
authors.affiliation: INEGI/INESC-TEC-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. vasques@fe.up.pt.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vasques
keywords: KiBaM; WSN; battery modeling; thermal effect