title: Quality and antioxidant response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) to dietary supplements of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) alone or combined with probiotic strains.
abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the potential effect of the dietary intake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum or B. subtilis on gilthead seabream quality and antioxidant response after 2 and 3 weeks of experimental feeding. The results showed that the supplements did not affect the percentage of the fatty acid profiles of muscle, demonstrating that all the additives tested can be administrated without any negative effect on biochemical composition and quality of gilthead seabream. The quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in muscle demonstrated the significant beneficial effect of the experimental diets compared with the control one. Besides, an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver was recorded after 3 weeks of administration of experimental diets. Furthermore, real time qPCR revealed that dietary supplementation with FEBS significantly enhances the expression of scavenging enzymes, such as cat and gr genes in the liver after 3 weeks. The findings suggest that the administration of fenugreek supplement alone or combined with probiotic strains could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and as a functional aquafeed ingredient for gilthead seabream.
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahi
authors.affiliation: University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahdhi
authors.affiliation: University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santulli
authors.affiliation: University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhrouf
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: aesteban@um.es.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000069976:Bacillus licheniformis / Q000737:chemistry; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D019936:Probiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029910:Trigonella / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D010936:Plant Extracts; C056164:fenugreek seed meal
keywords: Antioxidant status; Antioxidant-related gene expression; Fenugreek seeds; Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.); Probiotics; Teleosts