title: Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital or early life infection with Toxoplasma gondii has been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Childhood cat ownership has been hypothesized as an intermediary marker of T. gondii infection and, by proxy, as a risk factor for later psychosis. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is, however, limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used birth cohort data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to investigate whether cat ownership in pregnancy and childhood (ages 4 and 10 years) was associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) in early (age 13, N = 6705) and late (age 18, N = 4676) adolescence, rated from semi-structured interviews. We used logistic regression to examine associations between cat ownership and PEs, adjusting for several sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, household characteristics and dog ownership. Missing data were handled via multiple imputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cat ownership during pregnancy was not associated with PEs at age 13 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.35] or 18 years (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.86-1.35). Initial univariable evidence that cat ownership at ages 4 and 10 years was associated with PEs at age 13 years did not persist after multivariable adjustment (4 years: OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94-1.48; 10 years: OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.92-1.36). There was no evidence that childhood cat ownership was associated with PEs at age 18 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While pregnant women should continue to avoid handling soiled cat litter, given possible T. gondii exposure, our study strongly indicates that cat ownership in pregnancy or early childhood does not confer an increased risk of later adolescent PEs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry,University College London,London,UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solmi
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry,University College London,London,UK.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry,University College London,London,UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry,University College London,London,UK.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kirkbride
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership; D057805:Pets; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: ALSPAC; cat ownership; pet ownership; psychosis; psychotic symptoms