title: Toxicological results in a fatal and two non-fatal cases of scopolamine-facilitated robberies.
abstract: The use of scopolamine as an incapacitating drug, in sexual crimes and robberies, has been known for many decades. However, blood concentrations and doses of scopolamine in those cases are largely unknown. Here we present the toxicological results of one fatal and two non-fatal cases in a series of scopolamine-facilitated robberies. In the fatal case, the concentration of scopolamine in heart blood was 0.30mg/L, about 3000 times higher than the average therapeutic level of 0.0001mg/L (for one dermal patch). In femoral blood, the concentration of scopolamine was much lower (0.0048mg/L), but still 50 times higher than therapeutic levels. The scopolamine concentration in the stomach was very high (20mg/kg) as compared to the heart blood and femoral blood, which explains the very high concentration in heart blood by postmortem leakage from the stomach. In the non-fatal case, the scopolamine concentration in serum, obtained 23h after the incident, was 0.00035mg/L. The estimated concentration of scopolamine at the time of the incident is 0.0035mg/L. In the other non-fatal case, scopolamine was detected in urine and in hair.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB Den Haag, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.lusthof@nfi.minvenj.nl.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lusthof
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB Den Haag, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB Den Haag, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kubat
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB Den Haag, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vincenten-van Maanen
mesh_terms: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D013800:Theft
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D012601:Scopolamine
keywords: Drug-facilitated crime; Post-mortem redistribution; Scopolamine