title: Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides.
abstract: The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and public health campaigns has been associated with an increase of oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in health outcomes. Some defense mechanisms against free radical-induced oxidative damage include the antioxidant enzyme systems. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and the relationship of antioxidant enzyme levels with DNA damage among sprayers (workers) occupationally exposed to pesticides. The determinations of MDA and antioxidant enzymes were performed spectrophotometrically. The genotoxic effects were evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed a marginally significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities in the high exposure group compared to the control group. For MDA, statistically significant differences were found among people working long term vs. those working temporarily (P = 0.02) as sprayers. In the moderate exposure group, a positive correlation was observed between MDA levels and GPx activity. In the high exposure group, a negative correlation was observed between GR and CAT activities, and between MDA levels and GPx activities. Furthermore, in the high exposure group, a positive correlation between DNA damage parameters and MDA levels was observed. The results suggest an important role of antioxidant enzymes for the protection of DNA damage caused by occupational exposure to pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.|Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Rigoberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zepeda-Arce
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Aurora Elizabeth
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rojas-García
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.|Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benitez-Trinidad
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.|Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Herrera-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Irma Martha
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Medina-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Briscia S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Barrón-Vivanco
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Germán Pier
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Toxicología, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, México.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Toxicología, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, México.
authors.forename: María de Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sólis Heredia
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México.
authors.forename: Yael Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Bernal-Hernández
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D020552:Comet Assay; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
keywords: genetic damage; oxidative stress; pesticides