title: The colonic metabolites dihydrocaffeic acid and dihydroferulic acid are more effective inhibitors of in vitro platelet activation than their phenolic precursors.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The consumption of a healthy diet rich in polyphenols has been inversely associated with the development of CVD. This study evaluated the effects of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) and yerba mate phenolic extract (YMPE), the main phenolic and methylxanthine constituents (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeine, and theobromine), and their main metabolites (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) and dihydroferulic acid (DHFA)) on platelet activation in vitro. Upon incubation with different doses (0.01-100 μg mL-1or μM) of each compound, adenosine 5'-diphosphate-induced P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding were determined using whole blood flow cytometry. Platelet P-selectin expression was significantly decreased by YMPE and all phenolic and methylxanthine constituents at physiological concentrations, compared with control, whereas fibrinogen binding on platelets was significantly increased. The colonic metabolites (DHCA and DHFA) had stronger inhibitory effects on P-selectin expression than their phenolic precursors, suggesting an increase in the efficacy to modulate platelet activation with the metabolism of the phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. e.bachmair@abdn.ac.uk sharon.wood@abdn.ac.uk b.deroos@abdn.ac.uk and Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. gema_ndo@hotmail.com raquel.mateos@ictan.csic.es lbravo@ictan.csic.es.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.affiliation: Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. e.bachmair@abdn.ac.uk sharon.wood@abdn.ac.uk b.deroos@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bachmair
authors.affiliation: Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. e.bachmair@abdn.ac.uk sharon.wood@abdn.ac.uk b.deroos@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. gema_ndo@hotmail.com raquel.mateos@ictan.csic.es lbravo@ictan.csic.es.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. gema_ndo@hotmail.com raquel.mateos@ictan.csic.es lbravo@ictan.csic.es.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. e.bachmair@abdn.ac.uk sharon.wood@abdn.ac.uk b.deroos@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Baukje
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-3914
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Roos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D015539:Platelet Activation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D019007:P-Selectin; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C000995:3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; C520807:dihydroferulic acid