title: A study on fibre addition to gluten free bread: its effects on bread quality and in vitro digestibility.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fibre addition on gluten-free (GF) dough properties and bread technological quality, and on protein and starch in vitro digestibility. Soluble (Inulin, In) and insoluble fibres (oat fibre, OF, and type IV resistant starch, RSIV) were used at 5 and 10% substitution levels. Dough firmness increased when insoluble fibres were added, and decreased when In was used. Incorporation of insoluble fibres resulted into bread with a low specific volume (SBV) since firmer dough were more difficult to expand during proofing and baking. Staling rate was reduced after fibre addition, with the exception being OF 10%, as its lower SBV may have favoured molecule re-association. In general, protein and starch digestibility increased when fibres were added at 5%, and then decreased after further increasing the level. Fibres may have disrupted bread crumb structure, thus increasing digestibility, although the higher addition may have led to a physical and/or chemical impediment to digestion. Inulin has well-known physiological effects, while RS presented the most important effect on in vitro starch digestibility (GI). These results showed the possibility of adding different fibres to GF bread to decrease the GI and increase protein digestibility, while obtaining an overall high quality end-product.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av Filloy s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sciarini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av Filloy s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av Filloy s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vignola
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av Filloy s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paesani
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av Filloy s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av Filloy s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.|Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av Valparaíso s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Pérez
keywords: Bread technological quality; Gluten free bread; In vitro glycemic index; Protein in vitro digestibility; Soluble and insoluble fibres