title: Development of an acceptable and feasible self-management group for children, young people and families living with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: This study developed an acceptable and feasible self-management intervention that addresses the self-identified needs of children and young people with Type 1 diabetes and their parents.
  
  
  
  Phase 1 reviewed previous interventions and interviewed the clinical team, young people and families. Phase 2 ran three age-matched focus groups with 11 families of children aged 8-16 years. Feedback was used to modify the workshop. Phase 3 evaluated feasibility of delivery, as well as the effects on metabolic control, quality of life and fear of hypoglycaemia, measured at baseline and 1-3 months post intervention.
  
  
  
  Eighty-nine families were invited to take part. Twenty-two (25%) participated in seven pilot groups (median age of young people 10 years, 36% girls). The intervention comprised a developmentally appropriate workshop for young people and parents addressing: (1) blood glucose control, (2) the potential impact of long-term high HbA1c, (3) the effects of 'hypos' and 'hypers', (4) self-management techniques and (5) talking confidently to people about diabetes. Participants were enthusiastic and positive about the workshop and would recommend it to others. Young people liked sharing ideas and meeting others with diabetes, while parents enjoyed listening to their children talk about their diabetes knowledge.
  
  
  
  Families living with Type 1 diabetes participated in developing a self-management group intervention. Although we demonstrated acceptability and feasibility, the pilot study results do not support the development of a randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness in improving HbA1c.
authors.affiliation: UCLH NHS Foundation Trust Child and Adolescent Psychological Services, London, UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: R I G
authors.initials: RIG
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: UCLH NHS Foundation Trust Child and Adolescent Psychological Services, London, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casdagli
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Viner
authors.affiliation: UCLH NHS Foundation Trust Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Service, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.affiliation: UCLH NHS Foundation Trust Child and Adolescent Psychological Services, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000458:organization & administration*; D000073278:Self-Management / Q000379:methods*