title: Native plants (Phellodendron amurenseandHumulus japonicus) extracts act as antioxidants to support developmental competence of bovine blastocysts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phellodendron amurense(P. amurense) andHumulus japonicus(H. japonicus) are closely involved in anti-oxidative response and increasing antioxidant enzymes activities. However, the effects of their extracts on development of preimplantation bovine embryos have not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the effects ofP. amurenseandH. japonicusextracts on developmental competence and quality of preimplantation bovine embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Afterin vitrofertilization, bovine embryos were cultured for 7 days in Charles Rosenkrans amino acid medium supplemented withP. amurense(0.01 μg/mL) andH. japonicus(0.01 μg/mL). The effect of this supplementation duringin vitroculture on development competence and antioxidant was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that the blastocysts rate was significantly increased (p<0.05) inP. amurense(28.9%±2.9%),H. japonicus(30.9%±1.5%), and a mixture ofP. amurenseandH. japonicus(34.8%± 2.1%) treated groups compared with the control group (25.4%±1.6%). We next confirmed that the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly decreased (p<0.01) inP. amurenseand/orH. japonicusextract treated groups when compared with the control group. Our results also showed that expression of cleaved caspase-3 and apoptotic cells of blastocysts were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in bovine blastocysts derived from bothP. amurenseandH. japonicusextract treated embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that proper treatment withP. amurenseandH. japonicusextracts in the development of preimplantation bovine embryos improves the quality of blastocysts, which may be related to the reduction of ROS level and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.|Maria Fertility Hospital, Daegu 41242, Korea.
authors.forename: Geon-Yeop
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.|National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
authors.forename: Seul-Gi
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Dong
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
authors.forename: Man-Jong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.|National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.|National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.|National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
authors.forename: Deog-Bon
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Koo
keywords: Antioxidants; Bovine Embryo; Humulus japonicas; Phellodendron amurense; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)