title: Virtual Laparoscopic Training System Based on VCH Model.
abstract: Laparoscopy has been widely used to perform abdominal surgeries, as it is advantageous in that the patients experience lower post-surgical trauma, shorter convalescence, and less pain as compared to traditional surgery. Laparoscopic surgeries require precision; therefore, it is imperative to train surgeons to reduce the risk of operation. Laparoscopic simulators offer a highly realistic surgical environment by using virtual reality technology, and it can improve the training efficiency of laparoscopic surgery. This paper presents a virtual Laparoscopic surgery system. The proposed system utilizes the Visible Chinese Human (VCH) to construct the virtual models and simulates real-time deformation with both improved special mass-spring model and morph target animation. Meanwhile, an external device that integrates two five-degrees-of-freedom (5-DOF) manipulators was designed and made to interact with the virtual system. In addition, the proposed system provides a modular tool based on Unity3D to define the functions and features of instruments and organs, which could help users to build surgical training scenarios quickly. The proposed virtual laparoscopic training system offers two kinds of training mode, skills training and surgery training. In the skills training mode, the surgeons are mainly trained for basic operations, such as laparoscopic camera, needle, grasp, electric coagulation, and suturing. In the surgery-training mode, the surgeons can practice cholecystectomy and removal of hepatic cysts by guided or non-guided teaching.
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiangzhou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Longjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Songluan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China. qianliu@mail.hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Human-computer interaction; Laparoscopy; Training; Virtual laparoscopic surgery; Virtual learning environments; Virtual reality