title: Development of platelets during steady state and inflammation.
abstract: Megakaryocytes (MK) are the sole source of platelets in the body. They develop from lineage-committed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) via intermediate cells, which differ in morphology, size, ploidy, and surface phenotype. Development and maturation of MKs is governed by different transcription factors, including GATA-1, E26 transformation-specific transcription factor (ETS) family members, nuclear factor erythroid 2 transcription factor (NF-E2), and STAT3. During such challenges as acute inflammation, platelets are consumed in high numbers and must be replenished to secure survival of the host. This is achieved by integration of inflammatory signals into early MK development and depends on the STAT1-mediated enhanced translation of transcripts in stem cell-like megakaryocyte progenitors. Here, we review recent developments, which highlight the impact of inflammation on the development of platelets from HSPCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Müller-Newen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stope
authors.affiliation: Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany pziegler@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000276:immunology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit; C494692:NFE2 protein, human; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors
keywords: emergency megakaryopoiesis; hematopoietic progenitor cells; interferon