title: Exploring the Effect of Ginsenoside Rh1 in a Sleep Deprivation-Induced Mouse Memory Impairment Model.
abstract: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for enhancing cognition for thousands of years. Ginsenoside Rh1, a constituent of ginseng root, as with other constituents, has memory-improving effects in normal mice and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with memory impairment through induction of oxidative stress. The present study investigated the effect of Rh1 against SD-induced cognitive impairment and attempted to define the possible mechanisms involved. Ginsenoside Rh1 (20 μmol/kg; 40 μmol/kg) and modafinil (0.42 g/kg) were administered to the mice intraperitoneally for 23 days. After 14-day SD, locomotor activity was examined using the open field test, and the object location recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate cognitive ability. The cortex and hippocampus were then dissected and homogenized, and levels and activities of antioxidant defense biomarkers were evaluated to determine the level of oxidative stress. The results revealed that Rh1 prevented cognitive impairment induced by SD, and its ability to reduce oxidative stress in cortex and hippocampus may contribute to the mechanism of action. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-1513
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering/The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering/The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.|National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering/The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-4645
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D051379:Mice; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018697:Nootropic Agents; C425564:ginsenoside Rh1; D012601:Scopolamine
keywords: cognitive impairment; cortexhippocampus; ginsenoside Rh1; oxidative stress; sleep deprivation (SD)