title: Adipokines and cardiovascular disease: A comprehensive review.
abstract: Adipokines are peptides that signal the functional status of adipose tissue to the brain and other target organs. In adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokine secretion is altered, and this can contribute to a spectrum of obesity-associated conditions including cardiovascular disease. Some adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects (omentin, apelin, adiponectin). Others are pro-inflammatory with negative impact on cardiovascular function (leptin, visfatin, resistin, adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein). In the first part, this article reviews the endocrine functions of adipose tissue in general, effects of the distribution and composition of fat tissue, and the roles of cortisol and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the development of the inflammatory state of addipose tissue. In the second part, the known cardiovascular effects of different adipokines and their clinical potential are discussed in detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smekal
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaclavik
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015434:Panniculitis / Q000209:etiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015843:Serpins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; C507339:SERPINA12 protein, human; D015843:Serpins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein; adipokines; adiponectin; adipose tissue; apelin; cardiovascular effects; heart failure; leptin; myocardial infarction; obesity; omentin; resistin; visfatin