title: Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Other Escherichia coli Isolated from Food of Animal Origin and Human Intestinal Isolates.
abstract: Antibiotics have always appeared miraculous, saving innumerable lives. However, the unwise use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (n =160) isolated from food of animal origin. The focus was on E. coli -producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. E. coli was chosen because it is a part of the normal microbiota in mammals and can enter the food chain during slaughtering and food manipulation. Subsequently, its resistance genes can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria and human microbiota. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of selected antimicrobial resistances were carried out together with a molecular analysis of virulence genes. E. coli isolates from food of animal origin were compared with clinical E. coli strains isolated from the human intestinal tract. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates were found in 9.4% of food isolates and in 1.8% of intestinal isolates. Phylogenetically, the majority of food (86.3%) and intestinal E. coli (58.1%) isolates were found to belong to the commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1. The distribution of 4 of 14 analyzed virulence factors was similar in the food and intestinal isolates. Strains isolated from food in Slovenia harbored resistance genes and virulence factors, which can constitute a problem for food safety if not handled properly.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Manja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krizman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jerneja Ambrozic
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Avgustin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zdovc
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Majda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golob
authors.affiliation: Department for Public Health Microbiology, Centre for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trkov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Urska Jamnikar
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Ciglenecki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Majda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biasizzo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirbis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Escherichia coli; Extended-spectrum β-lactamase; Food of animal origin; Virulence factors