title: Osteogenic activity of titanium surfaces with hierarchical micro-/nano-structures obtained by hydrofluoric acid treatment.
abstract: An easier method for constructing the hierarchical micro-/nano-structures on the surface of dental implants in the clinic is needed. In this study, three different titanium surfaces with microscale grooves (width 0.5-1, 1-1.5, and 1.5-2 μm) and nanoscale nanoparticles (diameter 20-30, 30-50, and 50-100 nm, respectively) were obtained by treatment with different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and at different etching times (1%, 3 min; 0.5%, 12 min; and 1.5%, 12 min, respectively; denoted as groups HF1, HF2, and HF3). The biological response to the three different titanium surfaces was evaluated by in vitro human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMMSC) experiments and in vivo animal experiments. The results showed that cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization of hBMMSCs were increased in the HF3 group. After the different surface implants were inserted into the distal femurs of 40 rats, the bone-implant contact in groups HF1, HF2, and HF3 was 33.17%±2.2%, 33.82%±3.42%, and 41.04%±3.08%, respectively. Moreover, the maximal pullout force in groups HF1, HF2, and HF3 was 57.92±2.88, 57.83±4.09, and 67.44±6.14 N, respectively. The results showed that group HF3 with large micron grooves (1.5-2.0 μm) and large nanoparticles (50-100 nm) showed the best bio-functionality for the hBMMSC response and osseointegration in animal experiments compared with other groups.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an.
authors.forename: Jianfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital of Beijing, Beijing.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang.
authors.forename: Bingkun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA 532 Hospital, Huangshan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an.
authors.forename: Xiangwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an.
authors.forename: Dongze
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellare
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid
keywords: hydrofluoric acid etching; micro-/nano-structures; osteogenic activity; surface modification; titanium implant