title: European Universities' Guidance on Research Integrity and Misconduct.
abstract: Research integrity is imperative to good science. Nonetheless, many countries and institutions develop their own integrity guidance, thereby risking incompatibilities with guidance of collaborating institutions. We retrieved guidance for academic integrity and misconduct of 18 universities from 10 European countries and investigated accessibility, general content, principles endorsed, and definitions of misconduct. Accessibility and content differ substantially between institutions. There are general trends of common principles of integrity and definitions of misconduct, yet differences remain. Parallel with previous research, we distinguish different approaches in integrity guidance; one emphasizes broad values of integrity, and the other details negative behaviors of misconduct. We propose that a balance between both approaches is necessary to preserve trust, meaning, and realism of guidance on research integrity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Hasselt University, Belgium.|2 KU Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Noémie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aubert Bonn
authors.affiliation: 2 KU Leuven, Belgium.|3 Emmaüs Healthcare Group, Mechelen, Belgium.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Godecharle
authors.affiliation: 2 KU Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dierickx
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics; D032984:Ethics, Research; D005060:Europe; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D012106:Research; D012108:Research Personnel; D015871:Scientific Misconduct; D035502:Trust; D014495:Universities
keywords: European universities; code of conduct; ethical requirements; guidance on research integrity; misconduct; research ethics; research integrity; values of research