title: Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup.
abstract: Consensus definitions have been reached for both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and these definitions are now routinely used in research and clinical practice. The KDIGO guideline defines AKI as an abrupt decrease in kidney function occurring over 7 days or less, whereas CKD is defined by the persistence of kidney disease for a period of >90 days. AKI and CKD are increasingly recognized as related entities and in some instances probably represent a continuum of the disease process. For patients in whom pathophysiologic processes are ongoing, the term acute kidney disease (AKD) has been proposed to define the course of disease after AKI; however, definitions of AKD and strategies for the management of patients with AKD are not currently available. In this consensus statement, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) proposes definitions, staging criteria for AKD, and strategies for the management of affected patients. We also make recommendations for areas of future research, which aim to improve understanding of the underlying processes and improve outcomes for patients with AKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Lakhmir S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Australia.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bihorac
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Siew
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bagshaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bittleman
authors.affiliation: UCSD Medical Center, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Dinna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Endre
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Surrey County Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Lui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kane-Gill
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoste
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koyner
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Nephrology and Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: UCSD Medical Center, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: UCSD Medical Center, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadim
authors.affiliation: Guy's &St Thomas' NHS Foundation Hospital, Department of Intensive Care, UK.
authors.forename: Marlies
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostermann
authors.affiliation: Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, USA.|Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Palevsky
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Neesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pannu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, St. Michaels Hospital and the University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarbock
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.affiliation: Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012074:Remission Induction; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*