title: The Effects of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Workplace Intervention on Sleep and Work-Family Conflict Outcomes in an Extended Care Setting.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of a workplace-based intervention on actigraphic and self-reported sleep outcomes in an extended care setting.
  
  
  
  Cluster randomized trial.
  
  
  
  Extended-care (nursing) facilities.
  
  
  
  US employees and managers at nursing homes. Nursing homes were randomly selected to intervention or control settings.
  
  
  
  The Work, Family and Health Study developed an intervention aimed at reducing work-family conflict within a 4-month work-family organizational change process. Employees participated in interactive sessions with facilitated discussions, role-playing, and games designed to increase control over work processes and work time. Managers completed training in family-supportive supervision.
  
  
  
  Primary actigraphic outcomes included: total sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, nighttime sleep, variation in nighttime sleep, nap duration, and number of naps. Secondary survey outcomes included work-to-family conflict, sleep insufficiency, insomnia symptoms and sleep quality. Measures were obtained at baseline, 6-months and 12-months post-intervention.
  
  
  
  A total of 1,522 employees and 184 managers provided survey data at baseline. Managers and employees in the intervention arm showed no significant difference in sleep outcomes over time compared to control participants. Sleep outcomes were not moderated by work-to-family conflict or presence of children in the household for managers or employees. Age significantly moderated an intervention effect on nighttime sleep among employees (p=0.040), where younger employees benefited more from the intervention.
  
  
  
  In the context of an extended-care nursing home workplace, the intervention did not significantly alter sleep outcomes in either managers or employees. Moderating effects of age were identified where younger employees' sleep outcomes benefited more from the intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. Electronic address: marinom@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Killerby
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health and Penn State Institute of the Neurosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Soomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health and Penn State Institute of the Neurosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura Cousino
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen Ernst
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kossek
authors.affiliation: Population Dynamics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Berkman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health and Penn State Institute of the Neurosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Orfeu M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Buxton
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration; D016272:Occupational Health; D012381:Role Playing; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014481:United States; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D000072358:Work-Life Balance / Q000379:methods*; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology; D017132:Workplace