title: Cryogenic photoluminescence imaging system for nanoscale positioning of single quantum emitters.
abstract: We report a photoluminescence imaging system for locating single quantum emitters with respect to alignment features. Samples are interrogated in a 4 K closed-cycle cryostat by a high numerical aperture (NA = 0.9, 100× magnification) objective that sits within the cryostat, enabling high efficiency collection of emitted photons without image distortions due to the cryostat windows. The locations of single InAs/GaAs quantum dots within a >50 μm × 50 μm field of view are determined with ≈4.5 nm uncertainty (one standard deviation) in a 1 s long acquisition. The uncertainty is determined through a combination of a maximum likelihood estimate for localizing the quantum dot emission, and a cross correlation method for determining the alignment mark center. This location technique can be an important step in the high-throughput creation of nanophotonic devices that rely upon the interaction of highly confined optical modes with single quantum emitters.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Davanço
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sapienza
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA.
authors.forename: Kumarasiri
authors.identifier: 0000000260504724
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konthasinghe
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: José Vinícius
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: De Miranda Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badolato
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srinivasan