title: Application of CWPO to the treatment of pharmaceutical emerging pollutants in different water matrices with a ferromagnetic catalyst.
abstract: CWPO has proved to be effective for the treatment of representative pharmaceuticals (sulfamethoxazole, atenolol, metronidazole, diltiazem, trimethoprim and ranitidine) in different water matrices (ultrapure water, surface water, WWTP effluent and hospital wastewater). Complete removal of the pollutants and the aromatic intermediates was achieved using the stoichiometric dose of H2O2, a catalyst (Fe3O4/γ-Al2O3) load of 2gL-1, pH 3 and temperature of 50-75°C. Accordingly, the ecotoxicity was reduced to negligible values. The degradation was faster when the pharmaceuticals were together, being the reaction time for the elimination of the most refractory species (metronidazole) shortened from 4h to 1h. The mineralization of the drugs was fairly different, being the most reactive species those containing several aromatic rings (XTOC∼80%) and the most refractory that bearing an imidazolium ring (XTOC∼35%). The water matrix affected the kinetics of the process but in all cases complete conversion of the drugs was reached within 1h. The presence of dissolved organic matter (surface water) seemed to promote drugs degradation while the occurrence of inorganic ions (real WTTP and hospital effluents) partially inhibited it due to scavenging effects. Remarkably, the process was successfully operated at the typical concentrations of main micropollutant sources (μgL-1).
authors.affiliation: Seccion Departamental Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: macarena.munnoz@uam.es.
authors.forename: Macarena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.affiliation: Seccion Departamental Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Seccion Departamental Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Zahara M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: de Pedro
authors.affiliation: Seccion Departamental Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Torrellas
authors.affiliation: Seccion Departamental Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Seccion Departamental Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010545:Peroxides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: CWPO; Ecotoxicity; Ferromagnetic catalyst; Pharmaceutical; Water matrix