title: The effect of a cyclic uniaxial strain on urinary bladder cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pre-conditioning of a cell seeded construct may improve the functional outcome of a tissue engineered construct for augmentation cystoplasty. The precise effects of mechanical stimulation on urinary bladder cells in vitro are not clear. In this study we investigate the effect of a cyclic uniaxial strain culture on urinary bladder cells which were seeded on a type I collagen scaffold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated porcine smooth muscle cells or urothelial cells were seeded on a type I collagen scaffolds and cultured under static and dynamic conditions. A uniform cyclic uniaxial strain was applied to the seeded scaffold using a Bose Electroforce Bio-Dynamic bioreactor. Cell proliferation rate and phenotype were investigated, including SEM analysis, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for α-Smooth muscle actin, calponin-1, desmin and RCK103 expression to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on both cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dynamic stimulation of smooth muscle cell seeded constructs resulted in cell alignment and enhanced proliferation rate. Additionally, expression of α-Smooth muscle actin and calponin-1 was increased suggesting differentiation of smooth muscle cells to a more mature phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mechanical stimuli did not enhance the proliferation and differentiation of urothelial cells. Mechanical stimulation, i.e., preconditioning may improve the functional in vivo outcome of smooth muscle cell seeded constructs for flexible organs such as the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, route267, Geert Grooteplein 16, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dorien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tiemessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, route267, Geert Grooteplein 16, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willeke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Daamen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, route267, Geert Grooteplein 16, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, route267, Geert Grooteplein 16, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geutjes
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, route267, Geert Grooteplein 16, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. egbert.oosterwijk@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oosterwijk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Augmentation; Bioreactor; Mechanical stimulation; Scaffold; Tissue engineering; Urinary bladder