title: Microvesicles released from Giardia intestinalis disturb host-pathogen response in vitro.
abstract: Giardia intestinalis (G.I), is an anaerobic protozoan and the aetiological agent of giardiasis, a diarrhoea present worldwide and associated with poverty. G.I has a simple life cycle alternating between cyst and trophozoite. Cysts are transmitted orally to the stomach and transform to trophozoites in the intestine by a multifactorial process. Recently, microvesicles (MVs) have been found to be released from a wide range of eukaryotic cells. We have observed a release of MVs during the life cycle of G.I., identifying MVs from active trophozoites and from trophozoites differentiating to the cyst form. The aim of the current work was to investigate the role of MVs from G.I in the pathogenesis of giardiasis. MVs from log phase were able to increase the attachment of G. intestinalis trophozoites to Caco-2 cells. Moreover, MVs from G. intestinalis could be captured by human immature dendritic cells, resulting in increased activation and allostimulation of human dendritic cells. Lipid rafts participate in the MV biogenesis and in the attachment to Caco-2 cells. Nevertheless, proteomic analysis from two types of MVs has shown slight differences at the protein levels. An understanding of biogenesis and content of MVs derived from trophozoites might have important implications in the pathogenesis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Evans-Osses
authors.affiliation: Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojoli
authors.affiliation: REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monguió-Tortajada
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute-La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcilla
authors.affiliation: Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aran
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Genomics, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK.
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.affiliation: REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain; Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Borràs
authors.affiliation: Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Dpto de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelr@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Marcel I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ramirez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000276:immunology*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000276:immunology; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000276:immunology*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate
keywords: Diarrhoea; Extracellular vesicles; Giardia intestinalis; Innate immunity; Microvesicles; Parasite-host cell interactions