title: Fatal proteinuric kidney disease in a 30-month-old German Fleckvieh heifer caused by unilateral focal segmental glomerulosclerosis subsequent to a non-functional counterpart kidney.
abstract: A case of secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in a heifer is presented. A 30-month-old female German Fleckvieh heifer showed deterioration of the general condition, a poor nutritional status, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and renal azotemia. Pathologically, it was diagnosed with unilateral hydronephrosis, and contralateral renal fibrosis with numerous cysts. Histologically, the fibrotic kidney showed FSGS, hyaline reabsorption droplets in proximal tubular epithelial cells, interstitial fibrosis, and tubulointerstitial inflammation. Apart from that, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was seen in few renal arteries and meningeal arterioles. Pathogenesis of FSGS secondary to unilateral renal parenchymal loss (hydronephrosis) and TMA is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Section of Pathology, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Medical School, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Nephropathology, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nickeleit
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Knubben-Schweizer
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Section of Pathology, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafner-Marx
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053099:Azotemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Niere; Rind; cattle; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,
  thrombotic microangiopathy; fokale segmentale Glomerulosklerose,
  thrombotische Mikroangiopathie; kidney