title: Sitagliptin but not alpha glucosidase inhibitor reduced the serum soluble CD163, a marker for activated macrophage, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) is commonly used worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its hypoglycemic activity, DPP-4i might have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study we examined the effects of DPP-4i on the serum levels of soluble CD163 (sCD163), a marker for activated macrophages, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We compared these anti-inflammatory effects with those of α glucosidase inhibitor (αGI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were stably maintained on ≤2mg/day glimepiride alone were recruited and randomly assigned to receive additional sitagliptin (n=37) or αGI (n=37). Levels of sCD163 were measured before the addition and after a 24-week treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of sitagliptin significantly reduced the serum sCD163 (632 vs. 575ng/mL, p<0.05), while αGI did not display this effect (624 vs. 607ng/mL). The changes in levels of sCD163 were not related to changes in either HbA1c or body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that DPP-4i might exert anti-inflammatory effects in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are independent of its effects on glycemia and BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Electronic address: minoru.takemoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Yu-karigaoka Tokuyama Clinic, Chiba 285-0850, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshizaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokote
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007564:Japan; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C057619:glimepiride; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate
keywords: Chronic inflammation; Macrophage; Sitagliptin; Soluble CD163; α Glucosidase inhibitor