title: Realizing field-dependent conduction in ZnO nanowires without annealing.
abstract: We report on the low-temperature fabrication of field-effect transistors by bridging pre-patterned electrodes using ZnO nanowires grown in situ, which operate without requiring post-growth processing or annealing. The devices show good performance using as-grown nanowires, with on-off ratios of 105and threshold voltages of 2 V. Electron microscopy shows the field-dependent nanowires hierarchically nucleate from larger ZnO nanorods, and both are oriented along a common c-axis. A high nanowire surface-to-volume ratio allows depleting electron traps on the nanowire surface to compensate intrinsic electron donors present throughout the nanowire bulk. This eliminates the need to reduce the electron concentration through high-temperature annealing, making the nanowires naturally field-dependent in their as-grown state.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Burke-Govey
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Castanet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Warring
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nau
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ruck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majimel
authors.forename: N O V
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Plank