title: Combining Hyperechoic Aggregates and the Double-Contour Sign Increases the Sensitivity of Sonography for Detection of Monosodium Urate Deposits in Gout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the sensitivities of individual and combined sonography of hyperechoic aggregates and the double-contour sign in detecting monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits in gouty joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monosodium urate crystal deposits in symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic joints of 70 patients with acute gout were evaluated by sonography of hyperechoic aggregates and the double-contour sign individually and in combination. All patients with acute gout in this study had at least 1 symptomatic joint with MSU deposits determined by dual-energy computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 195 symptomatic joints (92 in the upper limbs and 103 in the lower limbs) and an equal number of asymptomatic joints: (1) 97.14% (68 of 70) of patients had hyperechoic aggregate/double-contour sign-positive joints versus 74.29% (52 of 70) with double-contour sign-positive and 63.89% (46 of 70) with hyperechoic aggregate-positive joints; (2) 86.96% (80 of 92) of the symptomatic upper limb joints were double-contour sign/hyperechoic aggregate positive versus 46.74% (43 of 92) that were double-contour sign positive and 70.65% (65 of 92) that were hyperechoic aggregate positive; and (3) 98.06% (101 of 103) of the symptomatic lower limb joints were double-contour sign/hyperechoic aggregate positive versus 92.23% (95 of 103) that were double-contour sign positive and 41.75% (43 of 103) that were hyperechoic aggregate positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperechoic aggregates and the double-contour sign in combination improve the investigative sensitivity of sonography than either hyperechoic aggregates or the double-contour sign individually for detecting MSU crystal deposits in gouty joints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shengzhou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qijing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huaxiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: double-contour sign; general and abdominal ultrasound; gout; hyperechoic aggregates; monosodium urate crystal deposits; sonography