title: Bacterial Species and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Korean Patients Diagnosed with Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion.
abstract: Changes over time in pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity resulting from the recent overuse and misuse of antibiotics in otitis media (OM) have complicated treatment. This study evaluated changes over 5 years in principal pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity in patients in Korea diagnosed with acute OM (AOM) and OM with effusion (OME). The study population consisted of 683 patients who visited the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology in 7 tertiary hospitals in Korea between January 2010 and May 2015 and were diagnosed with acute AOM or OME. Aural discharge or middle ear fluid were collected from patients in the operating room or outpatient department and subjected to tests of bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity. The overall bacteria detection rate of AOM was 62.3% and OME was 40.9%. The most frequently isolated Gram-positive bacterial species was coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus (CNS) followed by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Streptococcus pneumonia (SP), whereas the most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Regardless of OM subtype, ≥ 80% of CNS and MRSA strains were resistant to penicillin (PC) and tetracycline (TC); isolated MRSA strains showed low sensitivity to other antibiotics, with 100% resistant to PC, TC, cefoxitin (CFT), and erythromycin (EM); and isolated PA showed low sensitivity to quinolone antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LFX), and to aminoglycosides. Bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity did not change significantly over 5 years. The rate of detection of MRSA was higher in OME than in previous studies. As bacterial predominance and antibiotic sensitivity could change over time, continuous and periodic surveillance is necessary in guiding appropriate antibacterial therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5045-5060
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-6802
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Min
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-6258
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-4060
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Yun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-3477
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Moo Kyun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-4524
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-0207
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Gu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-3977
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yeo2park@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seung Geun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-1024
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D044466:Asian People; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D038781:Otoscopy; D056910:Republic of Korea; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic Sensitivity; Bacteria; Korea; Otitis Media