title: Multicentre randomized controlled trial with sensor-augmented pump vs multiple daily injections in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes in China: Time to reach target glucose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sensor-augmented pump (SAP) technology, which combines continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), has been available for several years in China. In this study, the time required to reach predefined glycaemic targets with SAP vs multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy was compared in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (aged 18-65 years) with T2DM treated with insulin and admitted to hospital for glucose management were randomized to either SAP (Medtronic MiniMed™ Paradigm™ 722 system) or MDI with blinded CGM (Medtronic MiniMed CGMS System Gold™) for a 2-week period. Glycaemic targets were defined as three preprandial measurements between 80 and 130mg/dL (4.4 and 7.2mmol/L) and three 2-h postprandial measurements between 80 and 180mg/dL (4.4 and 10.0mmol/L) within the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When data from 81 patients (40 SAP, 41 MDI) were analysed, 21 patients using SAP therapy, compared with six using MDI therapy, achieved their glycaemic targets within 3 days, and their time to reach their glucose targets was significantly shorter (3.7±1.1 vs 6.3±3.1 days for MDI; P<0.001), while three MDI patients failed to reach glycaemic targets within 14 days. SAP vs MDI patients experienced significantly less hypoglycaemia [sensor glucose<50mg/dL (2.8mmol/L): 0.04% vs 0.32%, respectively; P<0.05] and significantly less hyperglycaemia [sensor glucose>180mg/dL (10mmol/L): 21.56% vs 35.03%, respectively; P<0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAP vs MDI therapy in hospitalized patients with T2DM significantly reduced the time required to achieve glycaemic targets, and such systems may be a cost-effective way to improve glucose control and reduce hospital stays in T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing, China. Electronic address: guweijun301@163.com.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Electronic address: drliuyu@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Fu Wai Hospital CAMS & PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, China. Electronic address: doc.yan@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xin Jie Kou Eastern Street, Western District, Beijing, China. Electronic address: dengwei95@163.com.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital-Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Electronic address: ranxingwu@163.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Electronic address: cheria_chen@126.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: zhudalong@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Eastern District, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jinkui.yang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Medtronic, 18000 Devonshire Street, Northridge, CA 91325, United States. Electronic address: john.shin@medtronic.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Medtronic, 18000 Devonshire Street, Northridge, CA 91325, United States. Electronic address: scott.w.lee@medtronic.com.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Medtronic, 18000 Devonshire Street, Northridge, CA 91325, United States. Electronic address: toni.l.cordero@medtronic.com.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.affiliation: Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing, China. Electronic address: muyiming@301hospital.com.cn.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring; Hospitalized; Multiple daily injections; Sensor-augmented pump; Short-term intensive insulin; Type 2 diabetes