title: Effects of temperature on graphene oxide deposition and transport in saturated porous media.
abstract: Laboratory batch sorption and sand column experiments were conducted to examine the effects of temperature (6 and 24°C) on the retention and transport of GO in water-saturated porous media with different combination of solution ionic strength (IS, 1 and 10mM), sand type (natural and acid-cleaned), and grain size (coarse and fine). Although results from batch sorption experiment showed that temperature affected the sorption of GO onto the sand grains at the low IS, the interactions between GO and the sand were relatively weak, which did make the temperature effect prominent. When the IS was 1mM, experimental temperature showed little effect on GO retention and transport regardless of the medium properties. GO was highly mobile in the sand columns with mass recovery rates ranged from 77.3% to 92.4%. When the IS increased to 10mM, temperature showed notable effects on GO retention and transport in saturated porous media. For all the combinations of sand type and grain size, the higher the temperature was, the less mobile GO particles were. The effects of temperature on GO retention and transport in saturated porous media were further verified though simulations from an advection-dispersion-reaction model.
authors.affiliation: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. Electronic address: bg55@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
authors.forename: Deshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xianqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Hydrology and Water Conservancy and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
authors.forename: Congrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: Graphene oxide; Ionic strength; Retention; Temperature; Transport modeling