title: Vildagliptin, but not glibenclamide, increases circulating endothelial progenitor cell number: a 12-month randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Fewer circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and increased plasma (C-term) stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), a substrate of DPP-4, are biomarkers, and perhaps mediators, of cardiovascular risk and mortality. Short-term/acute treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors improve EPC bioavailability; however, long-term effects of DPP-4i on EPCs bioavailability/plasma (C-term) SDF-1α are unknown.
  
  
  
  Randomized (2:1) open-label trial to compare the effects of vildagliptin (V) (100 mg/day) vs glibenclamide (G) (2.5 mg bid to a maximal dose of 5 mg bid) on circulating EPC levels at 4 and 12 months of treatment in 64 patients with type 2 diabetes in metformin failure. At baseline, and after 4 and 12 months, main clinical/biohumoral parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, concomitant therapies, EPC number (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+/106cytometric events) and plasma (C-term) SDF-1α (R&D system) were assessed.
  
  
  
  Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. V and G similarly and significantly (p < 0.0001) improved glucose control. At 12 months, V significantly increased EPC number (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced (C-term) SDF-1α plasma levels (p < 0.01) compared to G, with no differences in inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  
  V exerts a long-term favorable effect on EPC and (C-term) SDF-1α levels at glucose equipoise, thereby implying a putative beneficial effect on vascular integrity. Trial registration Clinical Trials number: NCT01822548; name: Effect of Vildagliptin vs. Glibenclamide on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number Type 2 Diabetes. Registered 28 March, 2013.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. alessandra.deicas@unipr.it.|Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy. alessandra.deicas@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8666-4849
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dei Cas
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spigoni
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cito
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aldigeri
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ridolfi
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marina
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Derlindati
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aloe
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bonadonna
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zavaroni
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D000077597:Vildagliptin
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D000218:Adamantane; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; DPP-4 inhibitors; EPC; SDF-1α