title: Action of β-endorphin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the possible effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on β-endorphin.
abstract: This study aimed to review research on the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on β-endorphin. NSAIDs are commonly used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. They are well known for inducing peripheral analgesia by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX). However, an increasing number of studies have shown that NSAIDs have an analgesic effect not only in the periphery but also at the center. It means that a central analgesic mechanism of the action of NSAIDs exists besides the peripheral mechanism, and the central mechanism likely involves β-endorphin. β-Endorphin is one of the most prominent endogenous peptides, existing in the hypophysis cerebri and hypothalamus. It plays an irreplaceable role in the central and peripheral analgesia in the human body mainly through three mechanisms including three parts, the spinal cord, the supraspinal cord, and peripheries. β-Endorphin plays an important role in the development of hyperalgesia. However, the specific signal transduction pathways between prostaglandin E2or NSAIDs and β-endorphin are still not quite clear. Whether NSAIDs can lead to the increased content of β-endorphin in all patients after any operation needs further investigation. Further studies should determine the optimal dose when NSAIDs and opioid drugs are used together, and also explore the existence of one NSAID that has the potential to replace the traditional opioid drugs and can achieve adequate analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of PET CT, the 105th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hefei 230001, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China. Electronic address: xiaoqingchai@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Analgesic; NSAIDs; β-Endorphin