title: Relationship between serum anti-heat shock protein 27 antibody levels and obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is an intracellular molecular chaperone that is expressed at high levels following the exposure of cells to environmental stressors such as heat, toxins, and free radicals. High levels of HSP antigens and antibody titers have been reported in several conditions including cardiovascular disease and cancers. We measured serum anti-HSP27 antibody levels in 993 subjects and assessed the associations between serum anti-HSP27 antibody levels and demographic characteristics including coronary risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 993 subjects were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD) cohort study. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters and serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers were determined in all the subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum anti-HSP27 antibody levels increased with increasing age in men. No significant differences in levels were detected between men and women. Serum anti-HSP27 antibody levels were significantly higher in obese subjects than in nonobese subjects (P=0.046); however, no significant influence of smoking status was observed. Moreover, serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers were positively associated with age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, the presence of diabetes mellitus, nonsmoking habit, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers are related to several cardiovascular risk factors, necessitating further studies on the value of this emerging marker for risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kargari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavassoli
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Azarpazhooh
authors.affiliation: Department of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Rasool
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asoodeh
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nematy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mohammadzade
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Habibollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moohebati
authors.affiliation: Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: ghayourm@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour-Mobarhan
authors.affiliation: Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Parizadehmr@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: SMR
authors.lastname: Parizadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; C057725:HSPB1 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Anti-heat shock protein 27; Cardiovascular risk factors; Determinants