title: Assessing the toxicity of triphenyltin to different life stages of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma through a series of life-cycle based experiments.
abstract: Toxic effects of triphenyltin (TPT) to different life stages of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma were investigated through a series of life-cycle based exposure experiments. In embryo stage, TPT exposure could elevate the heartbeat rate at Day 6-8 post-fertilization and increase the expression levels of five heart development related genes (i.e., ATPase, COX2, BMP4, GATA4 and NKX2.5). In larval stage, TPT shortened the body length at ≥10μg/L and suppressed the swimming activity of the fish larvae at Day 1 post-hatching at 50μg/L. In reproductive stage, TPT exposure resulted in a male-biased sex ratio (2μg/L) and reduced the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in females (≥ 0.1μg/L), which might in turn lead to a decline in their population fitness. The reproductive stage of O. melastigma was more sensitive to TPT than other stages, while the GSI of female medaka was the most sensitive endpoint.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China. Electronic address: yixianliang@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xianliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kenneth M Y
authors.initials: KMY
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030665:triphenyltin
keywords: Gonadosomatic index; Growth rate; Heartbeat; Reproduction; Swimming activity