title: Stability of Capsaicinoids and Antioxidants in Dry Hot Peppers under Different Packaging and Storage Temperatures.
abstract: The maintenance of the quality and storage life of perishable fruits and vegetables is a major challenge for the food industry. In this study, the effects of different temperatures, packaging materials and storage time on the stability of capsaicinoids and antioxidants, such as total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total phenolic compounds, were studied in three commercially cultivated hot pepper hybrids, namely Sky Red, Maha and Wonder King. For this purpose, dry whole pods were packed in jute bags and low-density polyethylene bags (LDPE), stored for five months under controlled conditions at 20, 25 or 30○C and analyzed on Day 0 and at 50-day intervals until Day 150. The three hot pepper hybrids differed significantly with respect to their capsaicinoids and antioxidant concentrations, but the results indicated that with the increase in storage temperature and time, a gradual and steady decrease in these levels was equally observed for all hybrids. Overall, mean concentrations after five months were significantly reduced by 22.6% for ascorbic acid, 19.0% for phenolic compounds, 17% for carotenoids and 12.7% for capsaicinoids. The trends of capsaicinoids and antioxidants evolution were decreasing gradually during storage until Day 150, this effect being more pronounced at higher temperature. Furthermore, the disappearance rates of capsaicinoids and antioxidants were higher in peppers packed in jute bags than in those wrapped with LDPE. In conclusion, despite the sensitivity of capsaicinoids and antioxidants to oxygen, light and moisture, the packaging in natural jute or synthetic LDPE plastic bags, as well as the storage at ambient temperature preserved between 77.4% and 87.3% of the initial amounts of these health- and nutrition-promoting compounds during five months' storage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. qumerhort@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qumer
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. amjaduaf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. asimuhammad@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Muhammad Rafique
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Asi
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain. aarino@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ariño
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. khurramziaf@uaf.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziaf
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan. aamirkhan_74@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. horticulture.tanveer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmad
keywords: ascorbic acid; capsaicinoids; hot peppers; storage; total  phenolics; total carotenoids