title: Gender-dependent differences of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscle at rest and after exercise training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated gender-dependent differences of mitochondrial function and sensitivity to in vitro ROS exposure in rat skeletal muscle at rest and after exercise training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats underwent running training for 6 weeks. In vitro measurements of hydroxyl radical production, oxygen consumption (under basal and maximal respiration conditions) and ATP production were made on permeabilized fibers. Mitochondrial function was examined after exposure and non-exposure to an in vitro generator system of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with sedentary males, females showed a greater resistance of mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption and ATP production) to ROS exposure, and lower MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities. The training protocol had more beneficial effects in males than females with regard to ROS production and oxidative stress. In contrast to male rats, the susceptibility of mitochondrial function to ROS exposure in trained females was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training improves mitochondrial function oxidative capacities in both male and female rats, but is more pronounced in males as a result of different mechanisms. The resistance of mitochondrial function to in vitro oxidative stress exposure and the antioxidant responses are gender- and training-dependent, and may be related to the protective effects of estrogen.
authors.affiliation: a EA4324-ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques , Brest , France.
authors.forename: Firas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-8162
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.affiliation: a EA4324-ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques , Brest , France.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-875X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amérand
authors.affiliation: a EA4324-ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques , Brest , France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: a EA4324-ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques , Brest , France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guegueniat
authors.affiliation: a EA4324-ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques , Brest , France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moisan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: ROS susceptibility; Training; gender; mitochondrial function; reactive oxygen species; skeletal muscle