title: Depression and anxiety behaviour in a rat model of chronic migraine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated comorbidity between migraine and affective disorders. However, it is unclear whether chronic migraine can lead to affective disorders in other animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A classical chronic migraine rat model (repeated dura mater inflammatory soup [IS] infusion) was used to evaluate depression and anxiety behaviour via weight, sucrose preference test, open field test and elevated plus maze test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that sucrose preference, locomotor and rearing behaviours, inner zoon distance percent, open-arm entries percent and serotonin and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex decreased significantly in the IS group compared with those in the control group; co-administration of low-dose amitriptyline ameliorated these deficits. However, no differences in weight, inner zone time percent, or open-arm time percent between the IS and control groups. These results were used to create new depression and anxiety scales to comprehensively assess and evaluate the degree of affective disorders in rats. Most of chronic migraine animals showed depression and anxiety like behaviors but a few didn't.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the chronic migraine rats were present depression and anxiety like behaviors. The new scales we created are expected to use in the future studies to find out the potential mechanism of affective disorders' ﻿comorbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yuquan Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mangsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. yusy1963@126.com.
authors.forename: Shengyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Anxiety; Chronic migraine; Depression; Scale