title: Maternal nutrition modulates fetal development by inducing placental efficiency changes in gilts.
abstract: Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal overgrowth increase risks to postnatal health. Maternal nutrition is the major intrauterine environmental factor that alters fetal weight. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal development are not entirely clear. We developed a pig model, and using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), we investigated alterations in the placental proteome of gilts on a normal-energy-intake (Con) and high-energy-intake (HE) diet.
  
  
  
  In the Con group, heavy and light fetuses were found at the tubal and cervical ends of the uterus respectively at 90 d of gestation. Moreover, the heavy fetuses had a higher glucose concentration than the light fetuses. However, a higher uniformity was noted in the HE group. Placental promoters between these two positions indicated that 78 and 50 differentially expressed proteins were detected in the Con and HE groups respectively. In the Con group, these proteins were involved in lipid metabolism (HADHA, AACS, CAD), nutrient transport (GLUT, SLC27A1), and energy metabolism (NDUFV1, NDUFV2, ATP5C1). However, in the HE group they mainly participated in transcriptional and translational regulation, and intracellular vesicular transport.
  
  
  
  Our findings revealed that maternal nutrition may alter birth weight mainly through the modulation of placental lipid and energy metabolism, which also provides a possible mechanism to explain the higher uniformity of fetal weight in gilts fed a HE diet.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: ZhenGuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: MengMeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: ShengYu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: LianQiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: ZhengFeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: DaiWen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. sow_nutrition@sina.com.
authors.forename: De
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009035:Mothers; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D040901:Proteomics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: Energy level; Fetal weight; Gilts; Placenta; iTRAQ