title: Building better biomarkers: brain models in translational neuroimaging.
abstract: Despite its great promise, neuroimaging has yet to substantially impact clinical practice and public health. However, a developing synergy between emerging analysis techniques and data-sharing initiatives has the potential to transform the role of neuroimaging in clinical applications. We review the state of translational neuroimaging and outline an approach to developing brain signatures that can be shared, tested in multiple contexts and applied in clinical settings. The approach rests on three pillars: (i) the use of multivariate pattern-recognition techniques to develop brain signatures for clinical outcomes and relevant mental processes; (ii) assessment and optimization of their diagnostic value; and (iii) a program of broad exploration followed by increasingly rigorous assessment of generalizability across samples, research contexts and populations. Increasingly sophisticated models based on these principles will help to overcome some of the obstacles on the road from basic neuroscience to better health and will ultimately serve both basic and applied goals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.|Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.|Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Choong-Wan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7423-5422
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Luke J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-4711
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.|Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Tor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wager
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D059906:Neuroimaging; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers