title: Dairy Intake Is Protective against Bone Loss in Older Vitamin D Supplement Users: The Framingham Study.
abstract: Background:Previous studies showed beneficial effects of specific dairy foods on bone health in middle-aged adults.Objective:We examined the association of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, fluid dairy (milk + yogurt), and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes with bone mineral density (BMD) and 4-y percentage of change in BMD [▵%BMD; femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine (LS)]. We further assessed whether these associations were modified by vitamin D supplement use in this cohort of older adults.Methods:Food-frequency questionnaire responses, baseline BMD (hip and spine,n= 862 in 1988-1989), and follow-up BMD (n= 628 in 1992-1993) were measured in the Framingham study, a prospective cohort study of older Caucasian men and women aged 67-93 y. Outcomes included baseline BMD and ▵%BMD. Dairy-food intakes (servings per week) were converted to energy-adjusted residuals, and linear regression was used, adjusting for covariates. These associations were further examined by vitamin D supplement use.Results:The mean age of the participants was 75 y. In the full sample, dairy-food items were not associated with BMD (P= 0.11-0.99) or with ▵%BMD (P= 0.29-0.96). Among vitamin D supplement users, but not among nonusers, higher milk, fluid dairy, and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes were associated with higher LS BMD (P= 0.011-0.009). Among vitamin D supplement users, but not among nonusers, higher milk + yogurt + cheese intakes were protective against trochanter BMD loss (P= 0.009).Conclusions:In this population of older adults, higher intakes of milk, fluid dairy, and milk + yogurt + cheese were associated with higher LS BMD, and a higher intake of milk + yogurt + cheese was protective against trochanter BMD loss among vitamin D supplement users but not among nonusers. These findings underscore that the benefits of dairy intake on the skeleton may be dependent on vitamin D intake.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA; shivanisahni@hsl.harvard.edu.|Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and.
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9827-0986
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA.|Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and.
authors.forename: Kelsey M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA.|Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and.
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA.|Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and.
authors.forename: Marian T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hannan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015519:Bone Density; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: bone loss; bone mineral density; dairy food; milk; observational studies; older adults; osteoporosis; vitamin D