title: Comparison of indocyanine green and sodium fluorescein for anterior segment angiography of ophthalmically normal eyes of goats, sheep, and alpacas performed with a digital single-lens reflex camera adaptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare results of anterior segment angiography of ophthalmically normal eyes of goats, sheep, and alpacas performed by use of indocyanine green (ICG) and sodium fluorescein (SF). ANIMALS 10 female goats (mean ± SD age, 6.8 ± 1.7 years), 10 female sheep (3.0 ± 2.2 years), and 10 alpacas (7 females and 3 males; 6.8 ± 3.8 years). PROCEDURES A catheter was aseptically placed into a jugular vein. Each animal was anesthetized and properly positioned, and 0.25% ICG was administered. Images were obtained by use of an adaptor system consisting of a modified digital single-lens reflex camera, camera adaptor, and camera lens. Images were obtained at a rate of 3 images/s for the 60 seconds immediately after ICG administration and then at 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after administration. Ten minutes later, 10% SF was administered IV and images were obtained in a similar manner. RESULTS Angiography with ICG provided visual examination of the arterial, capillary, and venous phases in all species. Visual examination of the iris vasculature by use of SF was performed in goats and sheep but was not possible in the alpacas because of iridal pigmentation. Extravasation of SF was a common finding in sheep and alpacas but not in goats. No adverse events were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Quality angiographic images of the anterior segment were obtainable after IV administration of ICG to goats, sheep, and alpacas. This may provide a useful imaging modality for ocular research in these animal species.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: LoPinto
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pirie
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bedenice
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000662:veterinary; D006041:Goats; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green; D019793:Fluorescein