title: Flexible Bionanocomposites from Epoxidized Hemp Seed Oil Thermosetting Resin Reinforced with Halloysite Nanotubes.
abstract: Hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil comprises a variety of beneficial unsaturated triglycerides with well-documented nutritional and health benefits. However, it can become rancid over a relatively short time period, leading to increased industrial costs and waste of a valuable product. The development of sustainable polymers is presented as a strategy, where both the presence of unsaturation and peroxide content could be effectively used to alleviate both the waste and financial burden. After the reaction with peroxyacetic acid, the incorporation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and the subsequent thermal curing, without the need for organic solvents or interfacial modifiers, flexible transparent materials with a low glass-transition temperature were developed. The improvement in the thermal stability and both the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites were significantly enhanced with the well-dispersed HNT filler. At an optimum concentration of 0.5 wt % HNTs, a simultaneous increase in stiffness, strength, ductility, and toughness was observed in comparison to the unfilled cured resin. These sustainable food-waste-derived bionanocomposites may provide an interesting alternative to petroleum-based materials, particularly for low-load-bearing applications, such as packaging.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC , c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6606-2613
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Shuttleworth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC , c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7405-2354
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Díez-Pascual
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC , c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC , c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077215:Clay; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006361:Heating; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D010938:Plant Oils; D000077215:Clay