title: Optimization and Preclinical Perception of an Artificial Simulator for Endodontic Training: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ceramic, hybrid ceramic, and commercial plastic bloc root canal simulator (RCS) as preclinical training aids in the learning phase of endodontic treatments. A previously developed hydroxyapatite ceramic RCS was improved by adding epoxy resin to the ceramic matrix to more closely mimic the organic phase of dentin and to simulate the clinical situation as realistically as possible. The sintered hydroxyapatite ceramic RCS was vacuum infiltrated with epoxy resin, and the degree of infiltration was evaluated by methylene blue staining. The suitability of the resin-infiltrated ceramic simulator (CR) for preclinical endodontic training was compared to that of a non-infiltrated ceramic simulator (C) and a commercial epoxy bloc (P) using a cohort of 30 dental students at one dental school in France. The study was conducted in 2016. The students' perceptions following the required exercises using the CR, C, and P were scored using a questionnaire. The learning outcomes were also assessed by examining the canal preparations that the students performed on extracted teeth using a master cone try-in test. The vacuum process resulted in a good degree of resin infiltration into the ceramic. The questionnaire showed that the C and CR groups generally reported greater satisfaction, especially for radiographic visualizations, than the P group. The CR group had a higher score than the P group for tactile sensation. There was no significant difference among the three groups with respect to the canal preparations using extracted teeth. Resin infiltration improved the performance of the ceramic RCS, especially with respect to perception during root canal instrumentation. A larger scale student training investigation and an assessment by experienced endodontists are required to validate the model.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France. lieven.robberecht@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robberecht
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hornez
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehurtevent
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labreuche
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deveaux
authors.affiliation: Dr. Robberecht is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Hornez is Associate Professor, LMCPA, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Dr. Dehurtevent is Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Dufour is in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Mr. Labreuche is in the Department of Biostatistics, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Dr. Deveaux is Professor and Dean, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Université de Lille, Lille, France; and Dr. Chai is Research Engineer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics; D017886:Durapatite; D004708:Endodontics / Q000193:education*; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: ceramic; dental education; endodontics; root canal simulator