title: Somatic Embryogenesis of Immature Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook Zygotic Embryos.
abstract: Two efficient somatic embryogenesis systems were developed in Chinese fir, the most important conifer for industrial wood production in China. Three development stages (cleavage polyembryony, dominant embryo, and precotyledon) of immature embryos derived from 25 genotypes of open-pollinated mother trees were used as initial explants. Cleavage polyembryony-stage embryos with a 12.44% induction rate was the most embryogenic response stage. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus (13.86%) induction was obtained from DCR medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.3 mg L-1kinetin (KN). An average of 53.33 early somatic embryos were produced from approximately 0.2 g (fresh weight) embryogenic callus after 2 weeks of incubation on medium supplemented with 50 μmol L-1abscisic acid (ABA) and 100 g L-1polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. About 53% dominant embryos have an embryogenic response after a 6-week cultivation on medium supplemented with 1.0-2.0 mg L-1benzyladenine (BA), 0.2 mg L-1naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-D, and 0.004 mg L-1thidiazuron (TDZ). After three successive transfer cultures on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1BA, 0.2 mg L-1NAA, and 0.004 mg L-1TDZ, 4.49-16.51% of the embryos developed into somatic embryos.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Ruiyang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yuhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Hongjing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
authors.forename: Huiquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
authors.forename: Dehuo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Jiangle State-owned Forestry Farm, Fujian, 353300, China.
authors.forename: Huazhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
authors.forename: Zaikang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Kaihua Forestry Farm, Zhejiang, 324300, China.
authors.forename: Jinliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. yunli@bjfu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D032486:Cunninghamia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators