title: Extraction and Characterization of Extracellular Proteins and Their Post-Translational Modifications from Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures and Seedlings: A Critical Review.
abstract: Proteins secreted by plant cells into the extracellular space, consisting of the cell wall, apoplastic fluid, and rhizosphere, play crucial roles during development, nutrient acquisition, and stress acclimation. However, isolating the full range of secreted proteins has proven difficult, and new strategies are constantly evolving to increase the number of proteins that can be detected and identified. In addition, the dynamic nature of the extracellular proteome presents the further challenge of identifying and characterizing the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of secreted proteins, particularly glycosylation and phosphorylation. Such PTMs are common and important regulatory modifications of proteins, playing a key role in many biological processes. This review explores the most recent methods in isolating and characterizing the plant extracellular proteome with a focus on the model plantArabidopsis thaliana, highlighting the current challenges yet to be overcome. Moreover, the crucial role of protein PTMs in cell wall signalling, development, and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. m.ghahremani@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghahremani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. 0ks11@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Kyla A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stigter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. plaxton@queensu.ca.|Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. plaxton@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Plaxton
keywords: cell wall proteomics; glycosylation; phosphorylation; post-translational modification; secretome proteomics