title: Chronic Administration of Rosa canina Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Attenuates Depressive-Like Behavior and Recognition Memory Impairment in Diabetic Mice: A Possible Role of Oxidative Stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate whether chronic Rosa canina (RC) extract administration could improve recognition memory and depressive-like behavior in diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five male albino mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 in each group). A single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to the mice to induce diabetes. The control group received normal saline, and the diabetic groups received normal saline or 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg of RC extract for 28 days. The mice were weighed each week. Recognition memory and depressive-like behavior were assessed using forced swimming and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the mouse brain homogenate to evaluate oxidative stress. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 22.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups receiving 250 or 500 mg/kg RC had significantly lower immobility time (159.4 ± 4.7 and 150.1 ± 3.1 s) compared to the sham control group (192.1 ± 7.8 s) in the forced swimming test, and a higher discrimination index (0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.48 ± 0.03) was seen in diabetic animals in the NOR task compared to the sham control group (0.2 ± 0.01). Also, the groups receiving treatment with RC (250 and 500 mg/kg) had significantly higher TAC (0.92 ± 0.04 and 0.96 ± 0.05 mmol/L) and lower MDA (0.76 ± 0.02 and 0.67 ± 0.03 nmol/mg protein) levels in the brains in comparison to the model group. In the 3rd and 4th weeks of study, the RC-treated mice (250 and 500 mg/kg) gained more weight (31.2 ± 0.3 and 32.4 ± 0.3 g, and 31.3 ± 0.2 and 33.7 ± 0.3 g, respectively) than the diabetic group (30 ± 0.2 and 29.6 ± 0.3 g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that RC attenuated impairment of recognition memory and depressive-like behavior probably through modulation of oxidative stress in an STZ model of diabetes in mouse brains.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farajpour
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadigh-Eteghad
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farzipour
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majdi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D027826:Rosa; D013311:Streptozocin; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: Depression; Diabetes; Recognition memory; Rosa canina