title: Roussouly's sagittal spino-pelvic morphotypes as determinants of gait in asymptomatic adult subjects.
abstract: Sagittal alignment is known to greatly vary between asymptomatic adult subjects; however, there are no studies on the possible effect of these differences on gait. The aim of this study is to investigate whether asymptomatic adults with different Roussouly sagittal alignment morphotypes walk differently. Ninety-one asymptomatic young adults (46M & 45W), aged 21.6±2.2years underwent 3D gait analysis and full body biplanar X-rays with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of their spines and pelvises and generation of sagittal alignment parameters. Subjects were divided according to Roussouly's sagittal alignment classification. Sagittal alignment and kinematic parameters were compared between Roussouly types. 17 subjects were classified as type 2, 47 as type 3, 26 as type 4 but only 1 as type 1. Type 2 subjects had significantly more mean pelvic retroversion (less mean pelvic tilt) during gait compared to type 3 and 4 subjects (type 2: 8.2°; type 3:11.2°, type 4: 11.3°) and significantly larger ROM pelvic obliquity compared to type 4 subjects (type 2: 11.0°; type 4: 9.1°). Type 2 subjects also had significantly larger maximal hip extension during stance compared to subjects of types 3 and 4 (type 2: -11.9°; type 3: -8.8°; type 4: -7.9°) and a larger ROM of ankle plantar/dorsiflexion compared to type 4 subjects (type 2: 31.1°; type 4: 27.9°). Subjects with type 2 sagittal alignment were shown to have a gait pattern involving both increased hip extension and pelvic retroversion which could predispose to posterior femoroacetabular impingement and consequently osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bakouny
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon; Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France. Electronic address: ayman.assi@usj.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Abir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massaad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saghbini
authors.affiliation: Spine division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lafage
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Skalli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon; Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ismat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon; Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Gaby
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kreichati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gait; Kinematics; Lumbar lordosis; Pelvic incidence; Roussouly classification; Sagittal alignment