title: Comparing effects between music intervention and aromatherapy on anxiety of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Using patient-reported outcomes and physiological indicators to test the effects of music intervention and aromatherapy on reducing anxiety for intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  
  Patients with ICU admission duration >24 h were randomly assigned to a Music intervention group (n = 41), Aromatherapy group (n = 47), or Control group (rest only; n = 44). Each patient in the Music group listened to music; each patient in the Aromatherapy group received lavender essential oil massage on his/her back for 5 min; each patient in the Control group wore noise-canceling headphones. Anxiety was measured using the Chinese version of the Stage-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) and the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) at baseline, post-test, and 30-min follow-up. Heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure were measured every 10 min from baseline to the 30-min follow-up.
  
  
  
  The Music group had significantly better post-test VAS-A and C-STAI scores, and had lower heart rate and blood pressure than the Control group. The Aromatherapy group had significantly better VAS-A score and lower heart rate than the Control group. The 30-min follow-up showed that both Music and Aromatherapy groups had lower heart rate and blood pressure than the Control group.
  
  
  
  Music and aromatherapy interventions were both effective for ICU patients. The effects of music intervention were greater than that of aromatherapy; both interventions maintained the effects for at least 30 min.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chiu-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chiung-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Neurological and Nephrology Ward, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mei Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. cylin36933@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chung-Ying
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2129-4242
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, South Dist., Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China. cshy078@csh.org.tw.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, South Dist., Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China. cshy078@csh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Long-Yau
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D019341:Aromatherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Aromatherapy; Intensive care unit; Music intervention; Ventilation