title: Community-Based Prevalence of Genital Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer probably represents the best-studied human cancer caused by a viral infection and the
  causal association of this preventable cancer with human papilloma virus (HPV) is well established. Worldwide there
  is a scarcity of data regarding HPV prevalence with vast differences existing among populations. Objective: The aim
  of this meta-analysis was to determine the community-based HPV prevalence estimates among asymptomatic women
  from urban and rural set ups and in participants of cancer screening clinics. Study design: Systematic review and
  meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google scholar were systematically searched for
  studies providing prevalence data for HPV infection among asymptomatic women between 1986 and 2016. Results: The
  final analysis included 32 studies comprising a population of 224,320 asymptomatic women. The overall pooled HPV
  prevalence was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI), 9%-12%). The pooled HPV prevalence of 11% (95% CI, 9%-11%)
  was observed among women attending cervical cancer screening clinics. The pooled HPV prevalences were 10% (95%
  CI 8%-12%) and 11% (95% CI 4%-18%) from urban and rural areas respectively, indicating higher infection rates
  among the rural women with the least access to cancer screening and cancer care. Conclusion: The prevalence rates
  in this systematic quantitative review provide a reliable estimate of the burden of HPV infection among asymptomatic
  women from developed as well as developing nations. Rural women and women attending cervical cancer screening
  programmes feature higher genital HPV prevalences compared to their urban counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virus Research, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India . Email:id-parvati.bhat@manipal.edu
authors.forename: Sasidharanpillai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabeena
authors.forename: Parvati V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: Shashikala K
authors.initials: ShK
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Sreekumaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Ravishankar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: n
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandrabharani
authors.forename: Govindakarnavar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arunkumar
keywords: Cancer screening; cervical cancer; community; Human Papilloma Virus; HPV; prevalence