title: Effective Access to Multivalent Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases Promoted by Peptide Bioconjugation.
abstract: Multivalency has impressive effects on (bio)molecular recognition, through the simultaneous presentation of multiple copies of a ligand, which can change a weak millimolar binder into a potent nanomolar one. The implementation of multivalency in enzyme inhibition is rather recent, being exemplified by few serendipitous discoveries, and hitherto relying on the random exploration of new multivalent structures as potential enzyme inhibitors. Here, a straightforward and versatile method is reported that enables the construction of multivalent systems for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases (CA), widespread enzymes that catalyze a fundamental biochemical reaction. Oxime and hydrazone click-type bioconjugation techniques were successfully used for the preparation of tetravalent peptide conjugates tethered with sulfonamide CA inhibitors. The enzyme inhibition assays show that multivalent effects were present with these novel compounds, but also reveal various structural effects provided by the scaffolds. The versatility of this approach may facilitate the exploration of structure-activity relationships for other types of enzyme inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nasreddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanfar
authors.affiliation: Neurofarba Department; Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Muhammet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanc
authors.affiliation: Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dumy
authors.affiliation: Neurofarba Department; Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
authors.affiliation: Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-3345
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-3414
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Winum
mesh_terms: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000737:chemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D006835:Hydrazones; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010091:Oximes; D010455:Peptides; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases
keywords: bioconjugation; carbonic anhydrase; enzyme inhibition; multivalency