title: Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Skin.
abstract: Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin include dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. They are highly dynamic, with the capacity to enter skin from the peripheral circulation, patrol within tissue, and migrate through lymphatics to draining lymph nodes. Skin APCs are endowed with antigen-sensing, -processing, and -presenting machinery and play key roles in initiating, modulating, and resolving cutaneous inflammation. Skin APCs are a highly heterogeneous population with functionally specialized subsets that are developmentally imprinted and modulated by local tissue microenvironmental and inflammatory cues. This review explores recent advances that have allowed for a more accurate taxonomy of APC subsets found in both mouse and human skin. It also examines the functional specificity of individual APC subsets and their collaboration with other immune cell types that together promote adaptive T cell and regional cutaneous immune responses during homeostasis, inflammation, and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
authors.forename: Sakeen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kashem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; email: m.a.haniffa@newcastle.ac.uk.|Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Muzlifah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haniffa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; email: dankaplan@pitt.edu.|Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Langerhans cells; antigen-presenting cells; cutaneous immunology; dendritic cells; macrophages; skin