title: Early adverse life events are associated with altered brain network architecture in a sex- dependent manner.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early adverse life events (EALs) increase the risk for chronic medical and psychiatric disorders by altering early neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to examine associations between EALs and network properties of core brain regions in the emotion regulation and salience networks, and to test the influence of sex on these associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting-state functional and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging were obtained in healthy individuals (61 men, 63 women). Functional and anatomical network properties of centrality and segregation were calculated for the core regions of the two networks using graph theory. Moderator analyses were applied to test hypotheses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The type of adversity experienced influences brain wiring differently, as highergeneralEALs were associated with decreased functional and anatomicalcentralityin salience and emotion regulation regions, whilephysicalandemotionalEALs were associated with increased anatomicalcentralityandsegregationin emotion regulation regions. Sex moderated the associations between EALs and measures ofcentrality; with decreasedcentralityof salience and emotion regulation regions with increasedgeneralEALs in females, and increasedcentralityin salience regions with higher physical and emotional EALs in males. Increasedsegregationof salience regions was associated with increasedgeneralEALs in males. Centrality of the amygdala was associated with physical symptoms, and segregation of salience regions was correlated with higher somatization in men only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotion regulation and salience regions are susceptible to topological brain restructuring associated with EALs. The male and female brains appear to be differently affected by specific types of EALs.
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Arpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Emeran A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Kareem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamadani
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics (INI) and Laboratory of NeuroImaging (LONI), Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Carinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics (INI) and Laboratory of NeuroImaging (LONI), Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Horn
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naliboff
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Integrative Medicine, GLA VHA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tillisch
authors.affiliation: G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Labus
keywords: Centrality; Early adverse traumatic life events; Emotion regulation network; Moderating effects of sex; Network metrics; Salience network; Segregation