title: GLUT1 as a Prognostic Factor for Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Correlation with PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression is linked to glucose metabolism and tissue hypoxia. A recent study reported that GLUT1 was significantly associated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a therapeutic target in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). The purpose of this study was to measure the expression of GLUT1 and assess its prognostic significance and potential relationships with PD-L1, programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expressions in cHL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic tissues from 125 patients with cHL treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine were evaluated retrospectively via immunohistochemical analysis of GLUT1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up time was 4.83 years (range, 0.08 to 17.33 years). GLUT1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 were expressed in 44.8%, 63.2%, 9.6%, and 13.6% of the specimens, respectively. Positive correlations were found between GLUT1 and PD-L1 expression (p = .004) and between GLUT1 and PD-L2 expression (p = .031). GLUT1 expression in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells was not associated with overall survival or event-free survival (EFS) in the entire cohort (p = .299 and p = .143, respectively). A subgroup analysis according to the Ann Arbor stage illustrated that GLUT1 expression in HRS cells was associated with better EFS in advanced-stage disease (p = .029). A multivariate analysis identified GLUT1 as a marginally significant prognostic factor for EFS (p = .068).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that GLUT1 expression is associated with better clinical outcomes in advanced-stage cHL and is significantly associated with PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Wha
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dok Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheolwon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jooryung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
keywords: GLUT1; Hodgkin lymphoma; Programmed death ligand 1; Programmed death ligand 2; Programmed death-1