title: A statistical method utilizing information of imported cases to estimate the transmissibility for an influenza pandemic.
abstract: In a new influenza pandemic, travel data such as arrival times of cases seeded by the originating country can be regarded as a combination of the epidemic size and the mobility networks of infections connecting the originating country with other regions. It can be a complete and timely source for estimating the basic reproduction number (R0), a key indicator of disease transmissibility.
  
  
  
  In this study, we developed a likelihood-based method using arrival times of infected cases in different countries to estimate R0for influenza pandemics. A simulation was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method. We further applied the method to the outbreak of the influenza pandemic A/H1N1 in Mexico.
  
  
  
  In the numerical application, the estimated R0was equal to 1.69 with a 95% confidence interval (1.65, 1.73). For the simulation results, the estimations were robust to the decline of travel rate and other parameter assumptions. Nevertheless, the estimates were moderately sensitive to the assumption of infectious duration. Generally, the findings were in line with other relevant studies.
  
  
  
  Our approach as well as the estimate is potential to assist officials in planning control and prevention measures. Improved coordination to streamline or even centralize surveillance of imported cases among countries will thus be beneficial to public health.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ka Chun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5610-1298
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Benny Chung Ying
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. haitian.wang@gmail.com.|Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. haitian.wang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maggie Haitian
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D015233:Models, Statistical; D058873:Pandemics; D014195:Travel
keywords: Basic reproduction number; Epidemic models; Influenza pandemic; SIR model; Travel data