title: Early secondary bone grafting in children with alveolar cleft does not modify the risk of maxillary permanent canine impaction at the age of 10 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk of maxillary permanent canine retention is elevated in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study compared this risk in 10 ± 1 year-old patients with unilateral CLP (UCLP) who underwent or not early maxillary bone grafting at the age of 6 ± 1 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, controlled monocentric and observational study with the following inclusion criteria: patients with UCLP, isolated cleft, pre-surgery orthodontic maxillary expansion, same surgical protocol, same surgical team. The risk of maxillary canine retention was evaluated using a dental panoramic radiograph, on the basis of the canine root development stage and of the angle (> or <45°) between the main axis of the maxillary canine and a virtual reference axis parallel to the medial sagittal axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The impaction risk at the age of 10 was of 14.29% (4/28) for the group who underwent early bone grafting and 21.88% (7/32) for the group without early grafting (p = 0.45). Permanent lateral incisor agenesis and the patient's sex did not change this risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early alveolar bone grafting does not significantly change the risk of permanent maxillary canine retention at 10. Long-term followup of a larger population is needed to confirm this result.
authors.affiliation: Faculté d'odontologie, Département de chirurgie orale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Flavie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kleinpoort
authors.affiliation: Faculté d'odontologie, Département d'orthodontie, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ferchichi
authors.affiliation: Département de chirurgie orthopédique et plastique pédiatrique (Head: G. Captier MD, PhD), Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belkhou
authors.affiliation: Faculté d'odontologie, Département de santé publique, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de recherché clinique EA2415 de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tramini
authors.affiliation: Département de chirurgie orthopédique et plastique pédiatrique (Head: G. Captier MD, PhD), Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bigorre
authors.affiliation: Département de chirurgie orthopédique et plastique pédiatrique (Head: G. Captier MD, PhD), Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de recherché clinique EA2415 de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: g-captier@chu-montpellier.fr.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Captier
mesh_terms: D064728:Alveolar Bone Grafting; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D003481:Cuspid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Alveolar cleft; Dental impaction; Early secondary bone grafting; Maxillary canine