title: The Effect of Antiseptics on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although chemical antiseptics are the most basic measure to control wound infection and frequently come into contact with subcutaneous adipose tissue, no studies have evaluated their toxicity on adipose tissue and its cell fractions. In the present study, the effects of five different antiseptics on adipose-derived stem cells were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human adipose-derived stem cells were harvested from healthy donors. Adipose-derived stem cell viability was measured after treatment with different concentrations of antiseptics over 5 days. Furthermore, the effect on the proliferation, adipogenic differentiation, and apoptosis/necrosis of adipose-derived stem cells was analyzed. Finally, the mRNA expression of the stem cell markers CD29, CD34, CD73, CD90, and CD105 was detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Octenisept and Betaisodona significantly reduced cell proliferation and differentiation and led to considerable adipose-derived stem cell necrosis. Octenisept decreased stem cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, and all stem cell markers were down-regulated by Octeniseptr and Betaisodona. Lavasept and Prontosan both led to reduced stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation, and increased apoptosis/necrosis, although the effects were less pronounced compared with Octenisept and Betaisodona. Adipose-derived stem cells survived treatment with mafenide acetate even at high concentrations, and mafenide acetate showed minimal negative effects on their proliferation, adipogenic differentiation, cell death, and stem cell marker expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mafenide acetate may be regarded as a feasible antiseptic for the treatment of wounds with exposed adipose tissue because of its low adipose-derived stem cell toxicity. Lavasept and Prontosan are possible alternatives to mafenide acetate. Octenisept and Betaisodona, by contrast, may be used only in highly diluted solutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, V.
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Bong-Sung
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Arne Hendrick
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Boecker
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jan-Philipp
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stromps
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Nora Emilie
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ziyad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhagen
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bucala
authors.affiliation: Aachen and Munich, Germany; and New Haven, Conn.|From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Medical Faculty, the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University; the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); and the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallua
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local