title: The association of urinary interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP10/CXCL10) levels with kidney allograft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10) is a chemokine involved in the alloimmune response against kidney allograft. We aimed to investigate the association of urinary CXCL10 protein levels with rejection in renal transplant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 273 urine samples from (biopsy-proven) rejection and non-rejection patients and controls were included in this study. CXCL10 levels were analyzed for association with rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed statistically significant differences in the CXCL10 levels between rejection vs. non-rejection (p < 0.001). Among the rejection groups, statistically significant differences for CXCL10 levels were found between ACR vs. NAD (p < 0.001), ACR vs. BLR (p = 0.019) and AVR vs. NAD (p = 0.009). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of CXCL10 showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 with 72% sensitivity and 71% specificity at 27.5 pg/ml between rejection and non-rejection group. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis among different levels of CXCL10 showed a better rejection-free graft survival in patients with <100 pg/ml when compared to >200 pg/ml (38 ± 6 vs. 12 ± 1.0 weeks; log-rank p < 0.001) and 100-200 pg/ml (38 ± 6 vs. 22 ± 9 weeks; log-rank p = 0.442) concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate significantly increased levels of CXCL10 protein in the urine at the time of allograft rejection. This association of urinary CXCL10 protein levels with rejection could provide an additional tool for the non-invasive monitoring of allograft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Firasat
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.|Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shagufta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mubarak
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Ali Anwar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Qasim
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Adib-Ul-Hasan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan. aiyshaabid@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aiysha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10
keywords: Acute rejection; Allograft rejection; Chemokines; Kidney transplantation