title: Elevated Choline-Containing Compound Levels in Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: Previous studies have found increased levels of choline-containing compounds (ie, glycerophosphocholine plus phosphocholine (GPC+PC)) in bipolar disorder using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), especially in bipolar I disorder (BD-I). Increased levels of GPC+PC suggest alterations in the membrane phospholipids metabolism in bipolar disorder. Rapid cycling (RC) bipolar disorder is considered as a severe course of bipolar disorder, but it is unclear whether rapid cycling bipolar disorder is linked to highly altered membrane phospholipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the regional extent of elevated GPC+PC were greater in BD-I patients with rapid cycling compared to BD-I patients without rapid cycling and healthy controls. Using a multi-voxel1H MRS approach at 3 Tesla with high spatial resolution and absolute quantification, GPC+PC levels from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), caudate and putamen of 16 RC BD-I, 34 non-RC BD-I and 44 healthy controls were assessed. We found significantly elevated GPC+PC levels in ACC, putamen and caudate of RC BD-I patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.005) and in ACC compared to non-RC BD-I patients (P<0.05). These results suggest greater alteration of membrane phospholipid metabolisms in rapid cycling BD-I compared to non-rapid-cycling BD-I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry &Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Ives Cavalcante
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Benson
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sudhakar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Giovana B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zunta-Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine