title: Quantitative Analysis of the Human Milk Whey Proteome Reveals Developing Milk and Mammary-Gland Functions across the First Year of Lactation.
abstract: In-depth understanding of the changing functions of human milk (HM) proteins and the corresponding physiological adaptions of the lactating mammary gland has been inhibited by incomplete knowledge of the HM proteome. We analyzed the HM whey proteome (n= 10 women with samples at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) using a quantitative proteomic approach. One thousand three hundred and thirty three proteins were identified with 615 being quantified. Principal component analysis revealed a transition in the HM whey proteome-throughout the first year of lactation. Abundance changes in IgG, sIgA and sIgM display distinct features during the first year. Complement components and other acute-phase proteins are generally at higher levels in early lactation. Proteomic analysis further suggests that the sources of milk fatty acids (FA) shift from more direct blood influx to morede novomammary synthesis over lactation. The abundances of the majority of glycoproteins decline over lactation, which is consistent with increased enzyme expression in glycoprotein degradation and decreased enzyme expression in glycoprotein synthesis. Cellular detoxification machinery may be transformed as well, thereby accommodating increased metabolic activities in late lactation. The multiple developing functions of HM proteins and the corresponding mammary adaption become more apparent from this study.
authors.affiliation: Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 West Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47721, USA. qiang.zhang@mjn.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 West Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47721, USA. judy.cundiff@mjn.com.
authors.forename: Judy K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cundiff
authors.affiliation: Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 West Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47721, USA. sarah.maria@mjn.com.
authors.forename: Sarah D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.affiliation: Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 West Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47721, USA. bob.mcmahon@mjn.com.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA. Jessica.Woo@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Jessica G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA. Barbara.Davidson@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA. Ardythe.Morrow@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Ardythe L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Morrow
keywords: cellular processes; complement system; human milk; immunoglobulins; milk proteins