title: Evaluation of the turning characteristics according to the severity of Parkinson disease during the timed up and go test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) experience problems such as falls and freezing of gait during walking and turning in daily activities. However, few studies have examined the relationship between simultaneous turning tasks and the severity of PD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate turning characteristics in patients with PD using three-dimensional (3D) analysis during the timed up and go (TUG) test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty individuals performed the TUG test under 3D motion analysis: 10 patients with Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 2.5 and 3.0 PD (group I), 10 patients with H&Y stage 2.0 PD (group II), and 10 healthy older adult controls. Spatiotemporal and kinematic variables were analyzed during the TUG test with a Vicon 3-D motion analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The walking speed, step length, step length asymmetry index, range of motion of the hip, knee, and shoulder joints, and foot clearance height significantly differed between patients with PD and the controls. The step length and foot clearance height were significantly different between groups I and II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The step length and foot clearance are different between the severity levels of PD, and the TUG test may be useful for identifying turning characteristics in patients with PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PD exhibited significant differences in all variables of interest compared to the controls. The step length and foot clearance height as well as the TUG test during the turning phase may be helpful for measuring turning in patients with different severity levels of PD.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea. chyoum@dau.ac.kr.|Department of Health Care and Science, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea. chyoum@dau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Changhong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-5259
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Youm
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Medical Center, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-dong 3-ga, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangmyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Medical Center, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-dong 3-ga, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaewoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Meounggon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youkyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeryun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Kinematics; Parkinson disease; Spatiotemporal variables; Timed up and go test; Turning