title: Distinct signatures of dental plaque metabolic byproducts dictated by periodontal inflammatory status.
abstract: Onset of chronic periodontitis is associated with an aberrant polymicrobial community, termed dysbiosis. Findings regarding its etiology obtained using high-throughput sequencing technique suggested that dysbiosis holds a conserved metabolic signature as an emergent property. The purpose of this study was to identify robust biomarkers for periodontal inflammation severity. Furthermore, we investigated disease-associated metabolic signatures of periodontal microbiota using a salivary metabolomics approach. Whole saliva samples were obtained from adult subjects before and after removal of supragingival plaque (debridement). Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was employed as an indicator of periodontal inflammatory status. Based on multivariate analyses using pre-debridement salivary metabolomics data, we found that metabolites associated with higher PISA included cadaverine and hydrocinnamate, while uric acid and ethanolamine were associated with lower PISA. Next, we focused on dental plaque metabolic byproducts by selecting salivary metabolites significantly decreased following debridement. Metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that polyamine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, butyric acid metabolism, and lysine degradation were distinctive metabolic signatures of dental plaque in the high PISA group, which may be related to the metabolic signatures of disease-associated communities. Collectively, our findings identified potential biomarkers of periodontal inflammatory status and also provide insight into metabolic signatures of dysbiotic communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuboniwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|Project 'Challenge to Intractable Oral Disease', Osaka University Dental Hospital; 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Ei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hashino
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.|Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.affiliation: AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.|Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukusaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000378:metabolism; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000378:metabolism; D012372:ROC Curve; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010666:Phenylpropionates; C035253:3-phenylpropionic acid; D002103:Cadaverine