title: A Prospective Study of Chronic Pain after Thoracic Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this study was to detect the predictors of chronic pain at 6 months after thoracic surgery from a comprehensive evaluation of demographic, psychosocial, and surgical factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thoracic surgery patients were enrolled 1 week before surgery and followed up 6 months postsurgery in this prospective, observational study. Comprehensive psychosocial measurements were assessed before surgery. The presence and severity of pain were assessed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. One hundred seven patients were assessed during the first 3 days after surgery, and 99 (30 thoracotomy and 69 video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, thoracoscopy) patients completed the 6-month follow-up. Patients with versus without chronic pain related to thoracic surgery at 6 months were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both incidence (P = 0.37) and severity (P = 0.97) of surgery-related chronic pain at 6 months were similar after thoracotomy (33%; 95% CI, 17 to 53%; 3.3 ± 2.1) and thoracoscopy (25%; 95% CI, 15 to 36%; 3.3 ± 1.7). Both frequentist and Bayesian multivariate models revealed that the severity of acute pain (numerical rating scale, 0 to 10) is the measure associated with chronic pain related to thoracic surgery. Psychosocial factors and quantitative sensory testing were not predictive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no difference in the incidence and severity of chronic pain at 6 months in patients undergoing thoracotomy versus thoracoscopy. Unlike other postsurgical pain conditions, none of the preoperative psychosocial measurements were associated with chronic pain after thoracic surgery.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesia (E.O.B., T.J.B.), Department of Biostatistics (E.O.B.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.R.P., J.K.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.J.B.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey (A.S.).
authors.forename: Emine Ozgur
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Bayman
authors.forename: Kalpaj R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keech
authors.forename: Atakan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Selte
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted