title: Interpolated Flaps.
abstract: Nasal reconstruction has been articulated in the literature since 700 B.C. when the earliest iteration of the forehead flap was described in the Indian medical treatise, the Sushruta Samhita. Since then it has evolved into the interpolated flap which has served as a powerful tool for facial reconstruction. The interpolated flap is constructed from nonadjacent donor tissue that has an inherent blood supply. It requires a multistaged approach and is best suited for reconstruction of large or deep defects of the nose. There are three types of interpolated flaps used for nasal reconstruction: the forehead, melolabial, and nasofacial interpolation flaps. The nose is the central feature of the human face and its placement is both aesthetic and functional. Any defects owing to accidental or iatrogenic trauma can cause physiologic and psychological injury to patients. This article aims to review the aforementioned flaps and give indications, contraindications, procedure details, and future directions of these flaps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Samkon Kaltho
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gado
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Kaveh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karimnejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walen
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D018579:Patient Selection; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps