title: Ligand Exchange and1H NMR Quantification of Single- and Mixed-Moiety Thiolated Ligand Shells on Gold Nanoparticles.
abstract: The use of nanoparticles in biomedicine critically depends on their surface chemistry. For metal nanoparticles, a common way to tune this surface chemistry is through mass action ligand exchange, where ligand exchange can be used to expand the functionality of the resulting nanoparticle conjugates. Specifically, the quantity, identity, and arrangement of the molecules in the resulting ligand shell each can be tuned significantly. Here, we describe methods to exchange and quantify thiolated and non-thiolated ligands on gold nanoparticle surfaces. Importantly, these strategies allow the quantification of multiple ligand types within a single ligand shell, simultaneously providing ligand composition and ligand density information. These results are crucial for both designing and assigning structure-function relationships in bio-functionalized nanoparticles, and these methods can be applied to a broad range of nanoparticle cores and ligand types including peptides, small molecule drugs, and oligonucleotides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. jem210@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Millstone
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D019343:Citric Acid; D006046:Gold
keywords: 1H NMR; Gold nanoparticles; Ligand exchange; Ligand quantification; Nanoparticle functionalization