title: Folate-mediated chemotherapy and diagnostics: An updated review and outlook.
abstract: Folate receptor (FR) is highly expressed in many types of human cancers, and it has been actively studied for developing targeted chemotherapy and diagnostic agents. Tremendous efforts have been made in developing FR-targeted nanomedicines and nanoprobes and translating them into clinical applications. This article provides a concise review on the latest development of folate-mediated nanomedicines and nanoprobes for chemotherapy and diagnostics with an emphasis on in vivo applications. The cellular uptake mechanisms, pharmacokinetics (PK), administration routes and major challenges in FR-targeted nanoparticles are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Leyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Qianming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States. Electronic address: hyang2@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored / Q000378:metabolism*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D015335:Molecular Probes; D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Diagnosis; Folate receptor; Folic acid; Nanomedicine; Targeted delivery