title: Maternal dipyrone treatment during lactation in mice reduces maternal behavior and increases anxiety-like behavior in offspring.
abstract: Dipyrone (metamizole), a powerful drug, is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic; however, the safety of its use during lactation and the potential impact on the offspring are not well established. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal dipyrone treatment during lactation on offspring development and emotional behavior and on the dam's maternal behavior. Hence, on postnatal day (PND) 2, drinking water only or drinking water containing dipyrone at doses of 100, 300, and 500mg/kg/day, were offered to lactating mothers up to PND9. Thereafter, all mice were provided regular drinking water. On PND2, all litters were culled to 8 pups (4 males and 4 females). Maternal behavior was evaluated at PND3, 6, 9, and 12, and at PND7 we evaluated locomotor activity in the open field. Reflex parameters and physical development of offspring were evaluated during lactation. At PND7, analysis of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) was performed. When the animals reached adolescence, we evaluated their performance in the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), and marble burying. Our data demonstrated that maternal dipyrone treatment during lactation not only altered maternal behavior and the onset of physical and neurodevelopmental landmarks but also had an impact on anxiety-like behavior in offspring.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Barbosa
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Helena
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia Alves Freire
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giusti-Paiva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Brazil. Electronic address: facvilela@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabiana Cardoso
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Vilela
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004177:Dipyrone
keywords: Anxiety; Dipyrone; Maternal behavior; Metamizole; Mice; Offspring