title: Alcoholic beverage preference and diabetes incidence across Europe: the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES) project.
abstract: It is unknown if wine, beer and spirit intake lead to a similar association with diabetes. We studied the association between alcoholic beverage preference and type 2 diabetes incidence in persons who reported to consume alcohol.
  
  
  
  Ten European cohort studies from the Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States were included, comprising participant data of 62 458 adults who reported alcohol consumption at baseline. Diabetes incidence was based on documented and/or self-reported diagnosis during follow-up. Preference was defined when ⩾70% of total alcohol consumed was either beer, wine or spirits. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using Cox proportional hazard regression. Single-cohort HRs were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis.
  
  
  
  Beer, wine or spirit preference was not related to diabetes risk compared with having no preference. The pooled HRs were HR 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93, 1.20) for beer, HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.88, 1.11) for wine, and HR 1.19 (95% CI 0.97, 1.46) for spirit preference. Absolute wine intake, adjusted for total alcohol, was associated with a lower diabetes risk: pooled HR per 6 g/day was 0.96 (95% CI 0.93, 0.99). A spirit preference was related to a higher diabetes risk in those with a higher body mass index, in men and women separately, but not after excluding persons with prevalent diseases.
  
  
  
  This large individual-level meta-analysis among persons who reported alcohol consumption revealed that the preference for beer, wine, and spirits was similarly associated with diabetes incidence compared with having no preference.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sluik
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Centre of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jankovic
authors.affiliation: UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.|Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schöttker
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, CVD Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drygas
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rolandsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.|Network of Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.|Nuffield Department of Primary Care and Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordóñez-Mena
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrieres
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bamia
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gaetano
authors.affiliation: Global Public Health, Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kiefte-De Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sluijs
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M W
authors.initials: AMW
authors.lastname: Spijkerman
authors.affiliation: Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sans
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilsgaard
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.|Network of Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuulasmaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Hospital District of North Karelia, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laatikainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.affiliation: UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J M
authors.initials: EJM
authors.lastname: Feskens
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000145:classification*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology