title: No Influence of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Exercise-Induced Pain and 5-Km Cycling Time-Trial Performance.
abstract: Introduction:Afferent information from exercising muscle contributes to the sensation of exercise-induced muscle pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) delivers low-voltage electrical currents to the skin, inhibiting nociceptive afferent information. The use of TENS in reducing perceptions of exercise-induced pain has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TENS on exercise-induced muscle pain, pacing strategy, and performance during a 5-km cycling time trial (TT).Methods:On three separate occasions, in a single-blind, randomized, and cross-over design, 13 recreationally active participants underwent a 30-min TENS protocol, before performing a 5-km cycling TT. TENS was applied to the quadriceps prior to exercise under the following conditions; control (CONT), placebo with sham TENS application (PLAC), and an experimental condition with TENS application (TENS). Quadriceps fatigue was assessed with magnetic femoral nerve stimulation assessing changes in potentiated quadriceps twitch force at baseline, pre and post exercise. Subjective scores of exertion, affect and pain were taken every 1-km.Results:During TTs, application of TENS did not influence pain perceptions (P= 0.68, [Formula: see text] = 0.03). There was no significant change in mean power (P= 0.16, [Formula: see text] = 0.16) or TT duration (P= 0.17, [Formula: see text] = 0.14), although effect sizes were large for these two variables. Changes in power output were not significant but showed moderate effect sizes at 500-m ([Formula: see text] = 0.10) and 750-m ([Formula: see text] = 0.10). Muscle recruitment as inferred by electromyography data was not significant, but showed large effect sizes at 250-m ([Formula: see text] = 0.16), 500-m ([Formula: see text] = 0.15), and 750-m ([Formula: see text] = 0.14). This indicates a possible effect for TENS influencing performance up to 1-km.Discussion:These findings do not support the use of TENS to improve 5-km TT performance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia; College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hibbert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Kinesiology, University LavalQuebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Billaut
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living, Victoria University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Varley
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Psychology Department, Bournemouth UniversityBournemouth, UK.
authors.forename: Remco C J
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Polman
keywords: afferent feedback; pacing; performance; time-trial; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation