title: Prevalence and characteristics of fecal antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in a cohort of Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy.
abstract: To examine resistant Escherichia coli in rectal swab culture of Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy, and to determine its prevalence, genotypic characteristics and carriage risk factors.
  
  
  
  Rectal swabs of consecutive men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy from April 2013 to March 2015 were cultured to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli. The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of these resistant E. coli strains and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genotyping were examined. The risk factors of antimicrobial resistance carriage were also examined.
  
  
  
  The cohort was 376 men with a mean age of 67.8 years. Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli were detected in 37 men (9.8%) and 22 men (5.9%), respectively, with fluoroquinolone-resistant and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli in 48 men (13.0%). All 49 antimicrobial-resistant strains were susceptible to tazobactam/piperacillin, amikacin, fosfomycin, meropenem and faropenem. CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-1 group were detected in 14 (63.6%) and eight (36.4%) men, respectively. CTX-M-9 showed relatively higher susceptibility to LVFX and minocycline compared with CTX-M-1. Diabetes mellitus was a significant factor for carriage of resistance by multivariate analysis (odds ratio 2.12, P = 0.039).
  
  
  
  The present study showed the fecal carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli at 9.8% and 5.9%, respectively, with CTX-M-9 group of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli comprising 63.6%, in Japanese men receiving prostate biopsy. The carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli was significantly related to diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Homma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: 
  extended-spectrum β-lactamase
  ; antibiotic prophylaxis; antibiotic resistance; prostate; transrectal ultrasound