title: Upper limb function and functional independence in patients with shoulder pain after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the frequency of shoulder pain following stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke patient function was evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Scale for Upper Limb Function in Stroke (SULFS). Function scores were examined and compared between the shoulder pain group (SPG) and the no shoulder pain group (No-SPG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 58 patients, 22 women (37.9%), were included in this study. The mean patient age was 49.2±10.8 years and study evaluations were done 3.52±2.26 months after stroke. A total of 16 patients (27.6%) were in the SPG and 42 patients (72.4%) were in the No-SPG. The SPG scored significantly lower on the FIM (SPG: 91.06±14.65 vs. No-SPG 114.62 ± 2.27; p < 0.01) and SULFS (SPG median: 2 [range: 1-4], No-SPG median: 5 [range: 1-5]; p < 0.01) than the No-SPG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoulder pain commonly occurs after stroke and is related to the affected upper limb function and functional independence in stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Divisão de Neurologia, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Diane Priscila
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Stoffel
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Idoso Zilda Arns, Divisão de Terapia Ocupacional, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Elaine Janeczko
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Divisão de Neurologia, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Viviane F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Zetola
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*