title: Chemometric-assisted QuEChERS extraction method for post-harvest pesticide determination in fruits and vegetables.
abstract: An effective analysis method was developed based on a chemometric tool for the simultaneous quantification of five different post-harvest pesticides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), carbendazim, thiabendazole, iprodione, and prochloraz) in fruits and vegetables. In the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method, the factors and responses for optimization of the extraction and cleanup analyses were compared using the Plackett-Burman (P-B) screening design. Furthermore, the significant factors (toluene percentage, hydrochloric acid (HCl) percentage, and graphitized carbon black (GCB) amount) were optimized using a central composite design (CCD) combined with Derringer's desirability function (DF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were estimated to be 1.0 μg/kg for 2,4-D, carbendazim, thiabendazole, and prochloraz, and 1.5 μg/kg for iprodione in food matrices. The mean recoveries were in the range of 70.4-113.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 16.9% at three spiking levels. The measurement uncertainty of the analytical method was determined using the bottom-up approach, which yielded an average value of 7.6%. Carbendazim was most frequently found in real samples analyzed using the developed method. Consequently, the analytical method can serve as an advantageous and rapid tool for determination of five preservative pesticides in fruits and vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.|Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fengzhong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.|Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ya Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D010936:Plant Extracts