title: The association of sleep and physical activity with integrity of white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls.
abstract: We investigate how the sleep disruptions and irregular physical activity levels that are prominent features of bipolar disorder (BD) relate to white matter microstructure in patients and controls. Diffusion tension imaging (DTI) and 14-day actigraphy recordings were obtained in 51 BD I patients and 55 age-and-gender-matched healthy controls. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used for voxelwise analysis of the association between fractional anisotropy (FA) and sleep and activity characteristics in the overall sample. Next, we investigated whether the relation between sleep and activity and DTI measures differed for patients and controls. Physical activity was related to increased integrity of white matter microstructure regardless of bipolar diagnosis. The relationship between sleep and white matter microstructure was more equivocal; we found an expected association between higher FA and effective sleep in controls but opposite patterns in bipolar patients. Confounding factors such as antipsychotic medication use are a likely explanation for these contrasting findings and highlight the need for further study of medication-related effects on white matter integrity.
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: S.Verkooijen@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verkooijen
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stevelink
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abramovic
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christiaan H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Vinkers
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Roel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ophoff
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: René S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Boks
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Neeltje E M
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: van Haren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Actigraphy; DTI; Mood disorder; TBSS