title: A3R Phage and Staphylococcus aureus Lysate Do Not Induce Neutrophil Degranulation.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of A3R phage andStaphylococcus aureuslysate obtained after phage infection on neutrophil degranulation. The exocytosis of primary and secondary granules from neutrophils was investigated in vitro in whole blood specimens by flow cytometry based on the expression of specific markers of exocytosis (CD63 for primary granules and CD66b for secondary granules). We found that both A3R andS. aureuslysate had no significant effect on the exocytosis of primary and secondary granules. These data suggest that neither A3R virions nor any products of phage-induced lysis ofS. aureusare likely to induce neutrophil degranulation in patients who are treated with phage preparations. Since neutrophil granules contain some potentially toxic proteins, our results provide an important argument for the safety of phage therapy. Moreover, these data indicate that the induction of neutrophil degranulation is not likely to contribute to antibacterial effects of phages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka Str. 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. jborysowski@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borysowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka Str. 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. mbrodzki@iitd.pan.wroc.pl.|Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, RudolfaWeigla Str. 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland. mbrodzki@iitd.pan.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Międzybrodzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka Str. 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. selket-anat@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka Str. 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. rovanemi1@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kłosowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka Str. 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. korczak-kowalska@wp.pl.|Department of Immunology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland. korczak-kowalska@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korczak-Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, RudolfaWeigla Str. 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland. weber@iitd.pan.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber-Dąbrowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka Str. 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. agorski@ikp.pl.|Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, RudolfaWeigla Str. 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland. agorski@ikp.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Górski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001433:Bacteriolysis; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D005089:Exocytosis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D000071059:Phage Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages / Q000276:immunology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: A3R; degranulation; exocytosis; granule; lysate; neutrophil; phage; phage therapy