title: Endometrial MicroRNA Signature during the Window of Implantation Changed in Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At present, a diagnostic tool with high specificity for impaired endometrial receptivity, which may lead to implantation failure, remains to be developed. We aimed to assess the different endometrial microRNA (miRNA) signatures for impaired endometrial receptivity by microarray analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients and 10 infertile patients, who conceived and delivered after one embryo transfer attempt, were recruited as RIF and control groups, respectively. Endometrial specimens from the window of implantation (WOI) were collected from these two groups. MiRNA microarray was conducted on seven and five samples from the RIF and control groups, respectively. Comparative, functional, and network analyses were performed for the microarray results. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on other samples to validate the expression of specific miRNAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of 105 miRNAs in the RIF group were found to be significantly up- or down-regulated (at least 2-fold) by microarray analysis. The most relevant miRNA functional sets of these dysregulated miRNAs were miR-30 family, human embryonic stem cell regulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and miRNA tumor suppressors by tool for annotations of microRNA analysis. Network regulatory analysis found 176 miRNA-mRNA interactions, and the top 3 core miRNAs were has-miR-4668-5p, has-miR-429, and has-miR-5088. Expression levels of the 18 selected miRNAs in new samples by real-time PCR were found to be regulated with the same trend, as the result of microarray analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant different expression of certain miRNAs in the WOI endometrium for RIF patients. These miRNAs may contribute to impaired endometrial receptivity.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Bang
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Kun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Zhu-Ran
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000235:genetics; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs