title: Socio-Demographic, Reproductive and Clinical Profile of Women Diagnosed with Advanced Cervical Cancer in a Tertiary Care Institute of Delhi.
abstract: Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers among Indian women with estimated 123,000 new cases and 67,477 deaths in 2012. Cervical cancer is a multi-etiological disease. Factors such as low socioeconomic status, tobacco use, sexual and reproductive factors, HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases and long-term oral contraceptive use have been suggested as determinants. Assessment of socio-demographic profile and reproductive history gives a better picture of the determinants of cervical carcinoma in low-resource settings.
  
  
  
  This hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary healthcare institute at New Delhi, India. Sixty-seven newly diagnosed women with advanced cervical cancer (stage 2B-4B), who were undertaking radio- and/or chemotherapy, were included to assess their socio-demographic, reproductive and clinical profile.
  
  
  
  The mean age of women at the time of detection of cervical cancer was 52.28 ± 11.29 years (range 30-75 years). More than 60 % of patients were illiterate and belonged to middle socioeconomic status. Thirty-nine percentage of the study subjects had their first sexual experience before 15 years of age. Nearly 54 % women had 5 or more pregnancies. Nearly 73 % of women had all deliveries at home. Majority (69 %) of women had symptoms suggestive of reproductive tract infection. Among them, unusual discharge from vagina (73.13 %) followed by bleeding after menopause (55.10 %) and pain in abdomen (44.77 %) were the most common presenting complaints. Pallor was present in nearly two-third (63.93 %) study subjects. More than half (56.72 %) study subjects had moderate anemia, and 7.46 % had severe anemia before treatment. Mean hemoglobin level of the study subjects was 10.35 ± 1.72 gm% before treatment and 9.69 ± 1.29 gm% after treatment. This difference was statistically significant. Around 97 % of the study subjects had squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Majority (53.73 %) of the study subjects were in stage 3B of cervical cancer. Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was the most common (77.67 %) modality of treatment.
  
  
  
  Illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, early sexual debut, high fertility, home delivery, reproductive tract infections, use of insanitary clothes during menstruation and anemia were observed in majority of women with advanced cancer cervix. Presence of these factors indicates possible risk of cervical cancer and should be kept in mind when women seek health services. Early diagnosis through high risk or opportunistic screening and timely management of cervical cancer needs to be ensured for better outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, 110001 India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, 110001 India.
authors.forename: Damodar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bachani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, 110001 India.
authors.forename: Anita S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Haresh
keywords: Cervical cancer; Clinical profile; Reproductive profile; Socio-demographic profile