title: Anti-Cancer Drug Validation: the Contribution of Tissue Engineered Models.
abstract: Drug toxicity frequently goes concealed until clinical trials stage, which is the most challenging, dangerous and expensive stage of drug development. Both the cultures of cancer cells in traditional 2D assays and animal studies have limitations that cannot ever be unraveled by improvements in drug-testing protocols. A new generation of bioengineered tumors is now emerging in response to these limitations, with potential to transform drug screening by providing predictive models of tumors within their tissue context, for studies of drug safety and efficacy. Considering the NCI60, a panel of 60 cancer cell lines representative of 9 different cancer types: leukemia, lung, colorectal, central nervous system (CNS), melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate and breast, we propose to review current "state of art" on the 9 cancer types specifically addressing the 3D tissue models that have been developed and used in drug discovery processes as an alternative to complement their study.
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mariana R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal. rgreis@dep.uminho.pt.|ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. rgreis@dep.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Rui L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joaquim M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vitor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Correlo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: 3D; Biomaterials; Cancer; Drug discovery; Tissue engineering