title: Evaluation of short-term mortality attributable to particulate matter pollution in Spain.
abstract: According to the WHO, 3 million deaths are attributable to air pollution due to particulate matter (PM) world-wide. However, there are no specific updated studies which calculate short-term PM-related cause specific mortality in Spain. The objective is to quantify the relative risks (RRs) and attributable risks (ARs) of daily mortality associated with PM10concentrations, registered in Spanish provinces and to calculate the number of PM-related deaths. We calculated daily mortality due to natural (ICD-10: A00 R99), circulatory (ICD-10: I00 I99) and respiratory causes (ICD-10: J00 J99) for each province across the period 2000-2009. Mean daily concentrations of PM10, NO2and O3was used. For the estimate of RRs and ARs, we used generalised linear models with a Poisson link. A meta-analysis was used to estimate RRs and ARs in the provinces with statically significant results. The overall RRs obtained for these provinces, corresponding to increases of 10 μ g/m3in PM10concentrations were 1.009 (95% CI: 1.006 1011) for natural, 1.026 (95% CI: 1.019 1033) for respiratory, and 1.009 (95% CI: 1.006 1012) for circulatory-cause mortality. This amounted to an annual overall total of 2683 deaths (95% CI: 852 4354) due to natural, 651 (95% CI: 359 1026) due to respiratory, and 556 (95% CI: 116 1012) due to circulatory causes, with 90% of this mortality lying below the WHO guideline values. This study provides an updated estimate of the effect had by this type of pollutant on causes of mortality, and constitutes an important basis for reinforcing public health measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linares
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: j.diaz@isciii.es.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009026:Mortality; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Daily mortality; Health impact assessment; PM(10); PM(2.5)