title: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus S-1 for the treatment of BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to TACE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus S-1 for the treatment of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage B HCC refractory to TACE.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 patients meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled. TACE was given on day 1, and S-1 on days 2-15. Tumor assessment was performed one month later according to mRECIST. The primary endpoints were TTP and OS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients received 176 TACE interventions in all. Fifteen patients of TACE plus S-1 received a total of 55 cycles of treatment of S-1, with a median of 4 cycles (range, 2-6). The total dose of S-1 was 6165 mg per day, while average was 120 mg (range, 100-125 mg) for 15 patients of TACE plus S-1. Median TTP and OS of TACE plus S-1 were 6 months (95% CI: 4.7-7.3) and 18 months (95% CI: 15.3-24.7), respectively, while TACE monotherapy was 4 months (95% CI: 2.4-5.6) and 13 months (95% CI: 9.8-16.2), respectively, and significant differences were detected. Though there were higher DCRs in patients of TACE plus S-1, no significant differences were detected. A total of 612 adverse events occurred during the course of the treatment, 367 in TACE plus S-1 and 245 in TACE mono-therapy. There were significant differences to anorexia and nausea, but they were tolerable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TACE plus S-1 in the present analysis was tolerable and associated with an interesting TTP and OS. TACE plus S-1 may be used as a new treatment method to BCLC Stage B HCC refractory to TACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Radiology, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Wu-Kui
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Radiology, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Shu-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Radiology, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Radiology, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Deng-Yao
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Radiology, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Radiology, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Fan
keywords: S-1; hepatocellular carcinoma; transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation