title: Determination of Inorganic Cations and Anions in Chitooligosaccharides by Ion Chromatography with Conductivity Detection.
abstract: Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) are a promising drug candidate and food ingredient because they are innately biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-allergenic to living tissues. Therefore, the impurities in COSs must be clearly elucidated and precisely determined. As for COSs, most analytical methods focus on the determination of the average degrees of polymerization (DPs) and deacetylation (DD), as well as separation and analysis of the single COSs with different DPs. However, little is known about the concentrations of inorganic cations and anions in COSs. In the present study, an efficient and sensitive ion chromatography coupled with conductivity detection (IC-CD) for the determination of inorganic cations Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg2+, Ca2+, and chloride, acetate and lactate anions was developed. Detection limits were 0.01-0.05 μM for cations and 0.5-0.6 μM for anions. The linear range was 0.001-0.8 mM. The optimized analysis was carried out on IonPac CS12A and IonPac AS12A analytical column for cations and anions, respectively, using isocratic elution with 20 mM methanesulfonic acid and 4 mM sodium hydroxide aqueous solution as the mobile phase at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Quality parameters, including precision and accuracy, were fully validated and found to be satisfactory. The fully validated IC-CD method was readily applied for the quantification of various cations and anions in commercial COS technical concentrate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China. caolidong@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Lidong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China. lixiuhuan0822@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiuhuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China. leefan66@126.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China. zhengli7seven@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China. wumiaomiao2016@163.com.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hainan Zhengye Zhongnong High-Tech Co., LTD., No. 25 Nansha Road, Haikou 570206, Hainan, China. zhangshanxue@zyzn.net.
authors.forename: Shanxue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China. qlhuang@ippcaas.cn.
authors.forename: Qiliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry*; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry*; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C493484:oligochitosan; D014867:Water; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: chitooligosaccharides; inorganic cations and anions; ion chromatography; method validation; quantification