title: We look like our names: The manifestation of name stereotypes in facial appearance.
abstract: Research demonstrates that facial appearance affects social perceptions. The current research investigates the reverse possibility: Can social perceptions influence facial appearance? We examine a social tag that is associated with us early in life-our given name. The hypothesis is that name stereotypes can be manifested in facial appearance, producing aface-name matching effect, whereby both a social perceiver and a computer are able to accurately match a person's name to his or her face. In 8 studies we demonstrate the existence of this effect, as participants examining an unfamiliar face accurately select the person's true name from a list of several names, significantly above chance level. We replicate the effect in 2 countries and find that it extends beyond the limits of socioeconomic cues. We also find the effect using a computer-based paradigm and 94,000 faces. In our exploration of the underlying mechanism, we show that existing name stereotypes produce the effect, as its occurrence is culture-dependent. A self-fulfilling prophecy seems to be at work, as initial evidence shows that facial appearance regions that are controlled by the individual (e.g., hairstyle) are sufficient to produce the effect, and socially using one's given name is necessary to generate the effect. Together, these studies suggest that facial appearance represents social expectations of how a person with a specific name should look. In this way a social tag may influence one's facial appearance. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: School of Business Administration, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Yonat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zwebner
authors.affiliation: Department of Marketing, HEC Paris.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sellier
authors.affiliation: The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.affiliation: Arison School of Business, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC).
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000066499:Facial Recognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D009275:Names; D012938:Social Perception; D013240:Stereotyping; D055815:Young Adult