title: HLA class II alleles in Norwegian patients with coexisting type 1 diabetes and celiac disease.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CeD) are 2 distinct diseases, but there is an increased risk of developing CeD for T1D patients. Both diseases are associated with HLA-class II alleles, such as DQB1 *02:01 and DQB1 *03:02; however, their risk contribution vary between the diseases.
  
  
  
  We genotyped HLA-DRB1 and - DQB1 in 215 patients with coexisting T1D and CeD identified from a T1D cohort, and compared them to patients with T1D (N = 487) and CeD (N = 327), as well as healthy controls (N = 368).
  
  
  
  The patients with coexisting T1D and CeD had an intermediate carrier frequency (72.8%) of the DRB1 *03:01- DQB1 *02:01- DQA1 *05:01 haplotype compared to T1D (64.1%) and CeD (88.7%) patients. The DRB1 *03:01- DQB1 *02:01- DQA1 *05:01/ DRB1 *04- DQB1 *03:02- DQA1 *03 haplotype combination, encoding DQ2.5 and DQ8 molecules, was equally frequent among patients with both T1D and CeD (52.6%) and T1D patients (46.8%) but significantly lower in CeD patients (9.5%).
  
  
  
  Overall, the patients with coexisting T1D and CeD had an HLA profile more similar to T1D patients than CeD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: M K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3917-9269
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Viken
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Flåm
authors.affiliation: Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skrivarhaug
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Amundsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sollid
authors.affiliation: The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Drivvoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joner
authors.affiliation: Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dahl-Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D020033:Protein Isoforms
keywords: 
  HLA
  ; 
  HLA-DQB1
  ; 
  HLA-DRB1
  ; celiac disease; type 1 diabetes