title: Applicability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis.
abstract: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is used to visualize the microvascularization in various tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CEUS could be used to visualize the microvascular volume (MV) in the plantar fascia, and to compare the method to clinical symptoms and B-mode ultrasound (US) in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF). Twenty patients with unilateral PF were included and were divided by US in insertional thickening (10), midsubstance thickening (5), and no US changes (5). The MV was measured simultaneously in both heels. Four areas in the plantar fascia and plantar fat pad were measured independently by two observers. Inter- and intra-observer correlation analyses were performed. The asymptomatic heels showed a constantly low MV, and for the whole group of patients, a significantly higher MV was found in the symptomatic plantar fascia and plantar fat pad. Inter-observer correlation as well as intra-observer agreement was excellent. The MV in the plantar fascia and plantar fat pad can be measured reliably using CEUS, suggesting that it is a reproducible method to examine patients with plantar fasciitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-094X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pingel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bülow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Furesø-reumatologerne, Farum, Denmark.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Johannsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005205:Fascia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006365:Heel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: microvascular volume; plantar fasciitis; real-time harmonic contrast-enhanced-ultrasound