title: Multivariate evaluation of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) in diagnosis malignant thyroid nodule: application to PCA and PLS-DA analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the significance of ultrasonic features in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules via combining the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) and multivariate statistical analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who received surgical treatment and was diagnosed with single thyroid nodule by postoperative pathology and preoperative ultrasound were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analysis was applied to assess the significant ultrasonic features which correlated with identifying benign or malignance and grading the TI-RADS classification of thyroid nodule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the nodule size, aspect ratio, internal, echogenicity, boundary, presence or absence of calcifications, calcification type and CDFI between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Multivariate analysis showed clear-cut distinction both between benign and malignance and among different TI-RADS categories of malignancy nodules. The shape and calcification of the nodule were important factors for distinguish the benign and malignance. Height of the nodule, aspect and calcification was important factors for grading TI-RADS categories of malignancy thyroid nodules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ill-defined boundary, irregular shape and presence of calcification related with highly malignant risk for thyroid nodule. The larger height and aspect and presence of calcification related with higher TI-RADS classification of malignancy thyroid nodule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.|Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.|Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fangxuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.|Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. ljt641024@163.com.|National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. ljt641024@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. ljt641024@163.com.|Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. ljt641024@163.com.
authors.forename: Juntian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China. zs19620112@126.com.|National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. zs19620112@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. zs19620112@126.com.|Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. zs19620112@126.com.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Multivariate analysis; PCA; TI-RADS; Thyroid nodule; Ultrasonography