title: Characterisation of the first KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST340 from Peru.
abstract: The aim of this study was to characterise a KPC-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Peruvian hospital setting.
  
  
  
  The identity of the isolate was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and the antibiotic resistance profile was determined by disk diffusion and automated methods The sequence type (ST) and phylogenetic group were established by PCR. The presence of different β-lactamase genes was determined, including blaMBL, blaKPC, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA-1-like, blaOXA-2-like, blaOXA-5-like, blaOXA-48-likeand blaTEMand up to six different plasmid-encoded AmpC genes as well as class 1 integrons. The conjugability of β-lactam resistance was assessed by conjugation.
  
  
  
  The isolate was confirmed to be K. pneumoniae classified as belonging to the KpI phylogenetic group within ST340, which belongs to the high-risk clonal complex 258 (CC258). The isolate was resistant to all β-lactam agents tested, with only the presence of a non-conjugative blaKPC-2gene being detected and carried in a non-classical genetic structure.
  
  
  
  This is the first description of a member of CC258 and of a blaKPC-2gene in Peru. Intensive surveillance is needed to determine the relevance of both in this area.
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado N.° 430, San Martín de Porras, Lima 31, Peru.
authors.forename: Gertrudis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horna
authors.affiliation: Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velasquez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Nathaly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado N.° 430, San Martín de Porras, Lima 31, Peru. Electronic address: jesus.tamariz@upch.pe.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamariz
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D005838:Genotype; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010568:Peru; D010957:Plasmids / Q000032:analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C491478:beta-lactamase KPC-2; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Genetic environment; KPC; Peru; South America; β-Lactamase