title: Tumour cell conditioned medium reveals greater M2 skewing of macrophages in the absence of properdin.
abstract: The tumour microenvironment is shaped by the interaction of immune, non immune, and tumour cells present in close proximity. Tumour cells direct the development of a locally immune suppressed state, affecting the activity of anti tumour T cells and preparing the escape phase of tumour development. Macrophages in the tumour typically develop into so-called tumour associated macrophages with a distinct profile of activities which lead to a reduction in inflammation and antigen presentation. The direct impact of tumour cell conditioned medium on the activity profile of macrophages in dependence of their complement component expression has not yet been investigated.
  
  
  
  In our in vitro study, macrophages differentiated from bone marrows of properdin deficient and wildtype mice were stimulated with conditioned medium of a syngeneic tumour cell line, B16F10, a mouse melanoma subline.
  
  
  
  In comparison with macrophages from wildtype mice, those from congenic properdin deficient mice showed skewing towards M2 profile, encompassing mRNA expression for genes involved in arginine metabolism, production of type 2 cytokines, and relatively lower surface expression of molecules needed for antigen presentation.
  
  
  
  These data suggest that properdin insufficiency promotes a tumour environment that helps the tumour evade the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK; Department of Medical Laboratory TechnologyCollege of Health and Medical TechnologyBaghdadIraq.
authors.forename: Izzat A M
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Al-Rayahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK; Department of ImmunologyLeicester Royal InfirmaryLeicesterUK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Leicester UK.
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stover
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D011414:Properdin / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D011414:Properdin
keywords: Macrophages; complement properdin; tumour conditioned medium