title: Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea and the resumption of menstruation in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For premenopausal women with breast cancer, information on the effects of chemotherapy and the risk of infertility is important. In this study, the effect of chemotherapy on the ovarian function in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer was investigated, with an age-stratified analysis of the appearance of amenorrhea and the resumption of menstruation after the use of chemotherapy with anthracyclines or taxanes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenopausal women diagnosed with operable Stage I-III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and underwent neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with the standard regimen of anthracyclines and/or taxanes were included. The patients were classified into age groups in 5-year increments, and the rates of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA), resumption of menstruation, and duration of CIA after chemotherapy were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects consisted of 101 patients (median age 45 years). CIA occurred in 97 (96%) patients and 40 patients resumed menstruation. In all patients aged ≤39 years menstruation restarted, whereas in all patients aged ≥50 years, menstruation did not restart. For the patients who resumed menstruation, the younger the patients, the sooner menstruation tended to restart. The resumption of menstruation occurred within 1 year for younger patients aged around 30 years, but for those aged ≥35 years, 60% of cases took around 2-3 years for resumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of CIA, the resumption of menstruation and duration of CIA after chemotherapy depend greatly on the patient's age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.
authors.forename: Chinami
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute Hospital, Breast Cancer Center, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koutou-ku, 135-8550, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan. tokunaga.e@nk-cc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017697:Premenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone
keywords: Breast cancer; Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea; Hormone receptor; Premenopausal women; Resumption of menstruation