title: Visfatin levels are increased in patients with resistant hypertension and are correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation of serum visfatin levels with resistant hypertension (RHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had undergone ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) during the outpatient controls were prospectively recruited. Seventy-one patients with RHT and 94 patients with controlled hypertension (CHT) were included in the study. RHT was defined as 'uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite using three antihypertensive agents including a diuretic or need of four or more drugs to control BP'. The demographic properties, medications used, and laboratory parameters including visfatin levels were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the RHT group, left ventricular mass index was significantly higher compared with the CHT group (108.13±26.86 vs. 89.46±24.09 g/m, P<0.01). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and visfatin levels were significantly higher in the RHT group [4.0 (5.2) vs. 2.3 (3.0) mg/l, P<0.01, and 12.87±4.98 vs. 9.46±4.69 ng/ml, P<0.01, respectively] compared with the CHT group. In the multivariate linear regression model, visfatin level remained as an independent predictor for office systolic BP [B: 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-2.98, P<0.01]; office diastolic BP (B: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.27-1.16, P<0.01); mean 24-h systolic ABPM (B: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.79-2.13, P<0.01); and mean 24-h diastolic ABPM (B: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.42-1.34, P<0.01) and was also correlated independently with left ventricular mass index (B: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.58-3.99, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort of RHT patients diagnosed with ABPM, we have found an independent correlation between higher visfatin levels and the presence of RHT and left ventricular hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Cardiology, Bagcilar Research and Education Hospital bDepartment of Cardiology, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital cDepartment of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center dDepartment of Biochemistry, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul eDepartment of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Fethiye State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozal
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bolat
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pusuroglu
authors.forename: Ilhan Iker
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akgul
authors.forename: Vesile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ornek
authors.forename: Ozgür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sürgit
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase