title: Usher Parsons (1788-1868) and His 19th-Century Understanding and Surgical Treatment of Spinal Curvatures.
abstract: Usher Parsons was a prominent surgeon in the 19th century. However, his contributions to the understanding and treatment of spinal curvatures have been largely forgotten. Herein, we review Parsons' theories, understanding, and treatment strategies for treating abnormal spinal curvatures. This glimpse into history offers insight into the thought processes and surgical strategies that were available in the early 19th century. It is pioneers in this field, such as Usher Parsons, on which our current understanding of spinal curvatures and its treatment is built.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies. Electronic address: gtardieu@sgu.edu.
authors.forename: Gabrielle G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Tardieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies.
authors.forename: Nitsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topale
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies.
authors.forename: Erfanul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saker
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies.
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.affiliation: Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Rod J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Oskouian
authors.affiliation: Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
mesh_terms: D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008488:Medical Illustration / Q000266:history; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery*; D066231:Surgeons / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
keywords: Historical aspects; Pathology; Surgery; United States; Vertebral column