title: Current Insights into Long Non-Coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in Prostate Cancer.
abstract: The importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of various malignancies has been uncovered over the last few years. Their dysregulation often contributes to or is a result of tumour progression. In prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men, lncRNAs can promote castration resistance, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastatic spread. Expression patterns of lncRNAs often change during tumour progression; their expression levels may constantly rise (e.g., HOX transcript antisense RNA, HOTAIR), or steadily decrease (e.g., downregulated RNA in cancer, DRAIC). In prostate cancer, lncRNAs likewise have diagnostic (e.g., prostate cancer antigen 3, PCA3), prognostic (e.g., second chromosome locus associated with prostate-1, SChLAP1), and predictive (e.g., metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1, MALAT-1) functions. Considering their dynamic role in prostate cancer, lncRNAs may also serve as therapeutic targets, helping to prevent development of castration resistance, maintain stable disease, and prohibit metastatic spread.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria. maria.smolle@cbmed.at.|Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria. maria.smolle@cbmed.at.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smolle
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria. thomas.bauernhofer@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauernhofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5/6, A-8036 Graz, Austria. karl.pummer@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pummer
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. gcalin@mdanderson.org.|Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. gcalin@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Calin
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria. martin.pichler@medunigraz.at.|Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. martin.pichler@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichler
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: carcinogenesis; long non-coding RNAs; prostate cancer