title: Common Carotid Artery Diameter, Blood Flow Velocity and Wave Intensity Responses at Rest and during Exercise in Young Healthy Humans: A Reproducibility Study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of non-invasive, ultrasound-derived wave intensity (WI) in humans at the common carotid artery. Common carotid artery diameter and blood velocity of 12 healthy young participants were recorded at rest and during mild cycling, to assess peak diameter, change in diameter, peak velocity, change in velocity, time derivatives, non-invasive wave speed and WI. Diameter, velocity and WI parameters were fairly reproducible. Diameter variables exhibited higher reproducibility than corresponding velocity variables (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.79 vs. 0.73) and lower dispersion (coefficient of variation [CV] = 5% vs. 9%). Wave speed had fair reproducibility (ICC = 0.6, CV = 16%). WI energy variables exhibited higher reproducibility than corresponding peaks (ICC = 0.78 vs. 0.74) and lower dispersion (CV = 16% vs. 18%). The majority of variables had higher ICCs and lower CVs during exercise. We conclude that non-invasive WI analysis is reliable both at rest and during exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Health and Societies-Biomedical Engineering Research Theme, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pomella
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Eurico Nestor
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Health and Societies-Biomedical Engineering Research Theme, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kolyva
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rakobowchuk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Health and Societies-Biomedical Engineering Research Theme, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK. Electronic address: ashraf.khir@brunel.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ashraf W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Khir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Non-invasive; Ultrasound; Wave intensity analysis; Wave speed; lnDU loop