title: Associations of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in Hispanic/Latino youths: Results from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that Hispanic/Latino youth at high risk for diabetes would have elevated biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 1316 children 8-16years old from the Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth), we used Poisson regression to obtain prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for the cross-sectional association of quartiles of fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin resistance with E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels above the median (≥48.1 and ≥2.02ng/mL, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of E-selectin and PAI-1 were higher in children who were obese or had higher levels of hs-CRP (p<0.05). Insulin resistance was independently associated with higher levels of PAI-1 (adjusted PR and 95% CI for the highest versus lowest quartile (Q4 vs Q1): 2.25 [1.64, 3.09]). We found stronger evidence of associations of insulin resistance with higher levels of PAI-1 among boys as compared with girls (p-interaction = 0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance was associated with endothelial dysfunction, as measured by higher levels of PAI-1, in Hispanic/Latino youth. These biomarkers may be useful in risk stratification and prediction of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in high-risk youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: christina.parrinello@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carnethon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Delamater
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Isasi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Adolescents/children; E-selectin; Hispanics; Hyyperglycemia; Insulin resistance; Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1