title: The distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves of frog, Microhyla ornata.
abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) enzymatic activity has been reported in few amphibian species. In this study, we report its unusual localization in the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglions of the frog, Microhyla ornata. In the rhombencephalon, at the level of facial and vagus nerves, the NADPH-d labeling was noted in the nucleus of the abducent and facial nerves, dorsal nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the nucleus of hypoglossus nerve, dorsal and lateral column nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the dorsal field of spinal grey, the lateral and medial motor fields of spinal grey and radix ventralis and dorsalis (2-10). Many ependymal cells around the lining of the fourth ventricle, both facial and vagus nerves and dorsal root ganglion, were intensely labeled with NADPH-d. Most strikingly the NADPH-d activity was seen in small and large sized motoneurons in both medial and lateral motor neuron columns on the right and left sides of the brain. This is the largest stained group observed from the caudal rhombencephalon up to the level of radix dorsalis 10 in the spinal cord. The neurons were either oval or elongated in shape with long processes and showed significant variation in the nuclear and cellular diameter. A massive NADPH-d activity in the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and spinal nerves implied an important role of this enzyme in the neuronal signaling as well as in the modulation of motor functions in the peripheral nervous systems of the amphibians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440 033, India.
authors.forename: Arun G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Jadhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440 033, India. Electronic address: agj213@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Saikat P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440 033, India.
authors.forename: Rahul C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bhoyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase
keywords: Amphibian; Medulla oblongata; Motoneurons; NADPH-d histochemistry; Nitric oxide