title: Self-reported sleep duration and daytime napping are associated with renal hyperfiltration in general population.
abstract: Renal hyperfiltration (RHF) has emerged as a novel marker of early renal damage in various conditions such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Aberrant sleep duration and excessive daytime napping may affect the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, the association between sleep duration, daytime napping, and renal hyperfiltration was assessed.
  
  
  
  This study was conducted in three communities in China.
  
  
  
  A total of 16,119 community volunteers (5735 males and 10,384 females) aged 40-65 years without CKD were included for the study.
  
  
  
  Participants with short sleep duration (<6 h/day) or long sleep duration (≥10 h/day) were at a significantly increased risk of renal hyperfiltration. The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 2.112 (1.107, 4.031) and 2.071 (1.504, 2.853), respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, those who took naps longer than 1.5 h per day had a higher risk of renal hyperfiltration compared with those without napping (OR 1.400, 95% CI 1.018-1.924). Further joint analysis indicated that participants with long sleep duration (≥10 h/day) had a more than twofold increased risk of RHF regardless of nap status compared with those who slept 8-9 h per day without daytime napping. The association between sleep duration or daytime napping and RHF could not be explained by the influence of sleep quality. Additional subgroup analysis showed long sleep duration (≥9 h/day) and long daytime napping (≥1.5 h) were associated with an increased risk of RHF among individuals with good sleep quality.
  
  
  
  Sleep duration less than 6 h/day or more than 10 h/day and long daytime napping tend to be associated with an increased risk of renal hyperfiltration in middle-aged general population, and this relationship was independent of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or poor sleep quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Shichao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Huibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Jixing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Liantao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China. Gang.Chen@joslin.harvard.edu.|Harvard Medical School, 14 Hart Street, Brookline, MA, 02445, USA. Gang.Chen@joslin.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Day naps; Renal hyperfiltration; Sleep duration