title: Pyriform aperture enlargement in all aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pyriform aperture comprises the central area of facial bone structure. It is formed by the free corners of the nasal bone and the frontal processes of the maxillae, which articulate with each other at the nasomaxillary suture lines. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis might be linked to various craniofacial problems. This review presents all aspects of pyriform aperture stenosis and enlargement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted. Pyriform aperture definition, nasal development, congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis and pyriform aperture enlargement were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the most common abnormalities is holoprosencephaly, which is a midline developmental deficiency that may also be present in combination with facial clefting. The aetiology of nasal pyriform aperture stenosis remains unclear. When diagnosed, the choice of treatment is between non-surgical and operative methods, depending on the seriousness of the problem. Provided the sufferer can maintain a secure air passage with the help of specialised medical procedures and respiratory tract adjuvants, operative therapy may be delayed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The operative outcomes are extremely good, and the prognosis relies mainly on coexisting neural and endocrine problems. This paper evaluates the nasal pyriform aperture in detail.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinics,Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital,Kocaeli,Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Medical Faculty,Kirikkale University,Kirikkale,Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayar Muluk
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinics,Tuzla State Hospital,Istanbul,Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altintoprak
authors.affiliation: ENT Department,Ankara Koru Hospital,Ankara,Turkey.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ipci
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Medical Faculty,Eskisehir Osmangazi University,Eskisehir,Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
mesh_terms: D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D056144:Pyriform Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Congenital Abnormalities; Facial Bones; Maxilla; Nose; Stenosis