title: Two SNPs in the promoter region of Toll-like receptor 4 gene are not associated with smoking in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Defects in the innate immune system, particularly in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), have been reported in several cigarette smoke-promoted diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of tobacco smoke on allelic frequencies of TLR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to compare the genotypic distribution of these SNPs in a Saudi Arabian population with that in previously studied populations. DNA was extracted from 303 saliva samples collected from smokers and nonsmokers. Two transitional SNPs in the promoter region of TLR4 were selected, rs2770150 (T/C) and rs10759931 (G/A). Genotype frequencies were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed a slight effect of smoking on the distribution of rs2770150 and rs10759931. However, the differences were not significant. Thus, we conclude that the SNPs selected for this study were independent of smoking and may not be related to smoking-induced diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohailan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alanazi
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouabhia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Amri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Narasimha Reddy
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Parine
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdelhabib
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semlali
keywords: Toll-like receptor 4; genetic variation; polymorphism; smoking