title: Pharyngeal Residue and Aspiration and the Relationship with Clinical/Nutritional Status of Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Submitted to Videofluoroscopy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the videofluoroscopic (VFS) signs of impaired efficacy (pharyngeal residue) and safety (aspiration) swallowing and the clinical/nutritional status of patients with suspect of dysphagia.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients submitted to videofluoroscopy.
  
  
  
  Data of 76 patients were analyzed between March 2011 and December 2014.
  
  
  
  The clinical history and VFS exams of patients ≥ 38 years were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  
  88% patients presented Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (OD), 44.7% presented laryngeal penetration and 32% presented aspiration. 78% patients presented pharyngeal residue. Aspiration was associated with Head Neck Cancer (HNC) [Prevalence Ratio (PR): 2.27, p = 0.028] and cardiovascular disease (PR 1.96, p = 0.027). Underweight [Body Mass Index < 18.5 kg/m2] was not associated with the presence of aspiration. Underweight patients with OD had a higher prevalence rate of pharyngeal residue than those normally nourished (100% vs. 78%) (PR 1.34, p = 0.011). Pharyngeal residue was associated with male sex (PR 1.32, p = 0.040), neurodegenerative disease (PR 1.57, p = 0.021), stroke (PR 1.62, p = 0.009), cerebral palsy (PR 1.76, p = 0.006) and HNC (PR 1.73, p = 0.002).
  
  
  
  In the present study, neurologic diseases, HNC, male sex and underweight were associated to impaired swallowing efficacy. Underweight, independently of the other variables, was not associated with impaired swallowing safety.
authors.affiliation: Emilia Addison Machado Moreira, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina UFSC. Campus Universitário, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Zip Code: 88.040-970. Phone: +55 48 37219784, Fax: +55 48 37219542, E-mail address: emilia.moreira@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: J de A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Furkim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clavé
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*; D013851:Thinness
keywords: Underweight; body mass index; oropharyngeal dysphagia; swallowing disorder