title: Empyema due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 9V in a Child Immunized with 13-Valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine.
abstract: Clinical vaccine failure is the occurence of the specific vaccine-preventable disease in an appropriately and fully vaccinated person after enough time has elapsed for protection against the antigens of the vaccine to develop. Fully immunized cases with pneumoccal vaccine may sometimes develop a complicated pneumonia with empyema caused by a vaccine serotype.
  
  
  
  A 2 year-old male patient was admitted with the complaints of fever. On the basis of findings and laboratory results, the patient was diagnosed as having empyema. He was successfully treated with parenteral antibiotics and chest tube drainage. The pleural fluid culture and hemoculture of the patient yielded penicillin-susceptible pneumococci and the isolate was identified as serotype 9V. The patient had been vaccinated with a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine according to the Turkish national immunization schedule at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months of age. His medical history and basic immunological profile were inconsistent with a primary immunodeficiency.
  
  
  
  The failure of the PCV13 vaccine may results in a complicated pneumonia with empyema. It is important to investigate serotypes of pneumococci in these cases to determine other possible vaccine failures due to PCV13 and to study the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sütçü
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hacer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aktürk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karagözlü
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nezahat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gürler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salman
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004653:Empyema / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065288:Serogroup; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Empyema; Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 9V