title: EEG connectivity between the subgenual anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in response to antidepressant medication.
abstract: Antidepressant medication is the most common treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), however, the precise working mechanism underlying these treatments remains unclear. Recent neuromodulation treatments demonstrate that direct stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC) relate to clinical improvement, suggesting connectivity alterations of the DLPFC-DMPFC-sgACC network to mediate antidepressant response. The international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D) is an international multicentre study that collected EEG data for 1008 MDD patients, randomized to 3 different antidepressant medications (N=447 MDD with complete pre- and post-treatment data and N=336 non-MDD). Treatment response was defined by a decline of >50% on the Hamilton Rating Score for Depression (HRSD17). We investigated whether connectivity in alpha and theta frequencies of the DLPFC-DMPFC-sgACC network changed from pre- to post-treatment between: (i) patients and controls, and (ii) responders (R) and non-responders (NR). Women exhibited higher alpha and theta connectivity compared to males, both pre- and post-treatment. Furthermore, theta, but not alpha, hypo-connectivity was found for MDD patients. A decreased alpha connectivity after treatment was found only for male responders, while non-responders and females exhibited no changes in alpha connectivity. Decreasing alpha connectivity could potentially serve as a treatment emergent biomarker, in males only. Furthermore, it could be useful to a priori stratify by gender for future MDD studies.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: tabitha@brainclinics.com.
authors.forename: Tabitha A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Iseger
authors.affiliation: Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Mayuresh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Korgaonkar
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Leon
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kenemans
authors.affiliation: Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grieve
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baeken
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; NeuroCare Group, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000187:drug effects*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Antidepressants; Connectivity; EEG; MDD; State; Trait