title: Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).
abstract: Swimming activity primarily accelerates growth in fish by increasing protein synthesis and energy efficiency. The role of muscle in this process is remarkable and especially important in teleosts, where muscle represents a high percentage of body weight and because many fish species present continuous growth. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of 5 wk of moderate and sustained swimming in gene and protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, proliferation markers, and proteolytic molecules in two muscle regions (anterior and caudal) of gilthead sea bream fingerlings. Western blot results showed an increase in the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteolytic system members calpain 1 and cathepsin D, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR data showed that exercise increased the gene expression of proteases (calpains, cathepsins, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the anterior muscle region) and the gene expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the myogenic factor MyoD in the caudal area compared with control fish. Overall, these data suggest a differential response of the two muscle regions during swimming adaptation, with tissue remodeling and new vessel formation occurring in the anterior muscle and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation occurring in the caudal area. In summary, the present study contributes to improving the knowledge of the role of proteolytic molecules and other myogenic factors in the adaptation of muscle to moderate sustained swimming in gilthead sea bream.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6363-0697
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vélez
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sheida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esmail
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lutfi
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Encarnación
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0863-9728
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capilla
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández-Borràs
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blasco
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain jgutierrez@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D059748:Proteolysis; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins
keywords: IGFs; VEGF; growth potential; myogenic regulatory factors; proteolytic molecules; swimming