title: Assessment of cardiovascular risk and vascular age in overweight/obese adults with primary hypertension: the EXERDIET-HTA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertension (HTN), obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with an increased risk for a cardiovascular event. Enrolling overweight/obese individuals with HTN, the current study aimed to estimate cardiovascular risk (CVR) and vascular age (VA) profiles analyzing potential sex differences, determine whether VA is higher than chronological age, and whether CVR is associated with a low level of CRF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight/obese non-Hispanic White participants (n=209; 141 men and 68 women) with primary HTN had their CVR and VA determined using the New Pooled Cohort Risk Equations and The Framingham method, respectively. Considering values of peak oxygen uptake, participants were divided into tertiles for each sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CVR, but not VA (P=0.339), was higher (P<0.001) in men compared with women irrespective of age. Irrespective of sex, VA was higher than chronological age (P<0.001). Age and BMI were higher (P<0.05) in the low CRF group compared with that in other groups. There were no differences in CVR (P=0.907) and VA (P=1.643) when values were separated into CRF groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pooled Cohort Equations could underestimate the risk of suffering a cardiovascular event in the following 10 years in overweight/obese non-Hispanic White women with HTN compared with men. The VA appears to be a useful tool in communicating CVR in this population irrespective of sex. The CRF alone may not be enough to moderate the CVR.
authors.affiliation: aLaboratory of Performance Analysis in Sport, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) bCardiology Unit, IMQ group, Vitoria-Gasteiz cClinical Trials Unit, Health and Quality of Life, Tecnalia, Vitoria-Gasteiz dNutrition, Exercise and Health Research Group, Elikadura, Ariketa Fisikoa eta Osasuna, ELIKOS group (UPV/EHU), Vitoria ePrimary Care Administration of Burgos, Burgos, Spain fSchool of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Oxstalls Campus, Gloucester, UK.
authors.forename: Ilargi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gorostegi-Anduaga
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Asenjo
authors.forename: Gualberto Rodrigo
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Aispuru
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Ainara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso-Colmenero
authors.forename: Estíbaliz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romaratezabala
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Martín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People