title: Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Lifestyle Improvement Through Food and Exercise (LIFE) Study.
abstract: African Americans experience poorer diabetes outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. Few clinical trials of diabetes self-management interventions specifically target African Americans, perhaps due to well-documented barriers to recruitment in this population. This paper describes strategies used to successfully recruit 211 low-income African Americans from community clinics of a large, urban public hospital system to a randomized clinical trial of an 18-month diabetes self-management intervention. Diabetes-related physiological, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics of the sample are reported. The sample was 77% female, mean age = 55, mean A1C = 8.5%, 39% low health literacy, 28.4% moderate/severe depression, and 48.3% low adherence. Participants ate a high-fat diet with low vegetable consumption. Relative to males, females had higher BMI, depression, and stress, and better glycemic control, less physical activity, and less alcohol consumption. Males consumed more daily calories, but females consumed a greater proportion of carbohydrates. Gender-specific diabetes self-management strategies may be warranted in this population.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Laurin J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karavolos
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liebman
authors.forename: Kathryn S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Keim
authors.forename: Crystal M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fogelfeld
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D012107:Research Design; D020377:Self Efficacy; D000073278:Self-Management; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin