title: Salmonella enterica Remodels the Host Cell Endosomal System for Efficient Intravacuolar Nutrition.
abstract: Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that survives and proliferates in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), yet how these vacuolar bacteria acquire nutrition remains to be determined. Intracellular Salmonella convert the host endosomal system into an extensive network of interconnected tubular vesicles, of which Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) are the most prominent. We found that membranes and lumen of SIFs and SCVs form a continuum, giving vacuolar Salmonella access to various types of endocytosed material. Membrane proteins and luminal content rapidly diffuse between SIFs and SCVs. Salmonella in SCVs without connection to SIFs have reduced access to endocytosed components. On a single-cell level, Salmonella within the SCV-SIF continuum were found to exhibit higher metabolic activity than vacuolar bacteria lacking SIFs. Our data demonstrate that formation of the SCV-SIF continuum allows Salmonella to bypass nutritional restriction in the intracellular environment by acquiring nutrients from the host cell endosomal system.
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: A Leoni
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kehl
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hermanns
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chikkaballi
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Böhles
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deiwick
authors.affiliation: Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany. Electronic address: michael.hensel@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hensel
mesh_terms: D011992:Endosomes / Q000382:microbiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: endosomal system; intracellular bacteria; nutrition; pathogen-containing vacuole; type III secretion system; vesicular transport