title: Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen treatment increases insulin sensitivity in diabetes patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is controversial. This study aims to investigate whether the peripheral insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetes patients suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage can be increased after HBOT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two type 2 diabetes participants were recruited after being diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the glucose infusion rate during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (80 mU m-2min-1) at baseline and 10 and 30 days after HBOT sessions. Serum insulin, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1Cwere measured in fasting serum at baseline and after HBOT sessions. In addition, early (∼10 days after onset) and late (1 month after onset) outcomes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS scores) and efficacy (changes of NIHSS scores) of HBOT were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In response to HBOT, the glucose infusion rate was increased by 37.8%±5.76% at 1 month after onset compared with baseline. Reduced serum insulin, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1Cwere observed after HBOT. Both early and late outcomes of the HBOT group were improved compared with baseline (P<0.001). In the control group, there was significant difference only in the late outcome (P<0.05). In the assessment of efficacy, there were statistically significant differences between the groups when comparing changes in NIHSS scores at 10 days and 1 month after onset (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral insulin sensitivity was increased following HBOT in type 2 diabetes patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The HBOT used in this study may be effective for diabetes patients with acute stroke and is a safe and harmless adjunctive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: NIHSS; glucose infusion rate; hyperbaric oxygen therapy; intracerebral hemorrhage; type 2 diabetes