title: Addressing intravaginal practices in women with HIV and at-risk for HIV infection, a mixed methods pilot study.
abstract: Intravaginal practices (IVPs), include intravaginal cleansing (cleansing the inside of the vagina) or intravaginal insertion of products for hygiene, health or sexuality reasons. IVPs are associated with adverse female health outcomes, development of bacterial vaginosis, HIV acquisition and transmission. A mixed methods approach was used in this study to examine the prevalence of IVP, assess reasons for engagement, and perceptions of IVP among a sample of minority (African-American and Hispanic) women infected, or at-risk, for HIV in Miami, USA, a city with increasing numbers of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Three focus groups (total n=20) and quantitative assessments (n=72) were conducted with women infected or uninfected with HIV. In the qualitative assessments, most women reported engaging in both intravaginal cleansing and intravaginal insertion, and stated the main motivation for IVP was hygiene. The quantitative assessments confirmed that cleansing with water alone, soap with water or using commercial douches was common, as well as intravaginal insertion using a cloth or a rag in both HIV-infected and uninfected women. Women with HIV infection reported less use of water and water and soap for IVPs, and reported learning about the potential harm of IVP from their HIV health care providers. Despite their health risks, IVP appeared common in both HIV-infected and at-risk minority women, and interventions to decrease IVP could have important health implications among populations with high rates of IVP, STIs and HIV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Violeta J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weiss
keywords: HIV; focus groups; mixed methods; vaginal practices; women