title: Advances in diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative motile bacterium causative agent of acute and chronic digestive and extra-digestive human infections. According to different reports worldwide, H. pylori symptomatic and asymptomatic infections are a global problem. The statistical investigations show a percentage of 50 for people who are involved in H. pylori acute/chronic digestive and/or extra-digestive infections around the world. This review focuses on digestive and extra-digestive diseases caused by H. pylori, the related virulence factors, diagnostic techniques including non-invasive and invasive diagnostics and treatment. There is an abundance of diagnostics for detection and identification of H. pylori. The availability, cost, and the condition of test performance may differ from place to place. To increase the level of reliability in association with diagnostic tools for detecting H. pylori, several techniques must be applied at once as multi-diagnostic technique. Furthermore, there are several pharmacotherapies which can be used for complete eradication of H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: 1 Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Behzadi
authors.affiliation: 3 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farshad
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; diagnostic techniques; treatment