title: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among 1.3 Million Adults With Overweight or Obesity, but Not Diabetes, in 10 Geographically Diverse Regions of the United States, 2012-2013.
abstract: Various phenotypes of overweight and obesity pose various health risks. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of 4 commonly measured cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) among adults with overweight or obesity, but not diabetes, at the time of the study.
  
  
  
  We analyzed data for 1,294,174 adults (aged ≥20 y) who were members of one of 4 integrated health systems. Each cohort member had a body mass index in 2012 or 2013 that indicated overweight or obesity. We determined the presence of 4 CRFs within 1 year of the first BMI measurement: elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic >85 mm Hg or ICD-9-CM [International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification] diagnosis code 401.0-405.9); elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL or ICD-9-CM 272.1); low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men or <50 mg/dL for women or ICD-9-CM 272.5); and prediabetes (fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL or HbA1c5.7%-6.4% or ICD-9-CM 790.2x). We tested the risk of having 1 or more CRFs after adjusting for obesity class and demographic characteristics with multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  
  Among participants with overweight (52.5% of the sample), 18.6% had none of the 4 CRFs. Among the 47.5% of participants with obesity, 9.6% had none; among participants with morbid obesity, 5.8% had none. Age was strongly associated with CRFs in multivariable analysis.
  
  
  
  Almost 10% of participants with obesity had no CRFs. Overweight or obesity increases cardiometabolic risk, but the number and type of CRFs varied substantially by age, even among participants with morbid obesity.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horberg
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koebnick
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California.
authors.forename: Deborah Rohm
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waitzfelder
authors.affiliation: HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Assiamira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult