title: Simultaneous analysis of nine aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke using online solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A fully automated analytical method was developed and validated by this present study. The method was based on two-dimensional (2D) online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) to determine nine aromatic amines (AAs) in mainstream smoke (MSS) simultaneously. As a part of validation process, AAs yields for 16 top-selling commercial cigarettes from China market were evaluated by the developed method under both Health Canada Intensive (HCI) and ISO machine smoking regimes. The gas phase of MSS was trapped by 25 mL 0.6 M hydrochloric acid solution, while the particulate phase was collected on a glass fiber filter. Then, the glass fiber pad was extracted with hydrochloric acid solution in an ultrasonic bath. The extract was analyzed with 2D online SPE-LC-MS/MS. In order to minimize the matrix effects of sample on each analyte, two cartridges with different extraction mechanisms were utilized to cleanup disturbances of different polarity, which were performed by the 2D SPE. A phenyl-hexyl analytical column was used to achieve a chromatographic separation. Under the optimized conditions, the isomers of p-toluidine, m-toluidine and o-toluidine, 3-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl, and 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine were baseline separated with good peak shapes for the first time. The limits of detection for nine AAs ranged from 0.03 to 0.24 ng cig-1. The recovery of the measurement of nine AAs was from 84.82 to 118.47%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of nine AAs were less than 10 and 16%, respectively. Compared with ISO machine smoking regime, the AAs yields in MSS were 1.17 to 3.41 times higher under HCI machine smoking regime. Graphical abstract New method using online SPE-LC/MS/MS for analysis of aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Third Class Tobacco Super vision Station, Beijing, 101121, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Third Class Tobacco Super vision Station, Beijing, 101121, China.
authors.forename: Ruoshi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Beijing Third Class Tobacco Super vision Station, Beijing, 101121, China.
authors.forename: Zhaojuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Third Class Tobacco Super vision Station, Beijing, 101121, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Third Class Tobacco Super vision Station, Beijing, 101121, China. zhoujun100@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009862:Online Systems; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Aromatic amines; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Mainstream cigarette smoke; Online solid-phase extraction