title: CMedTEX: A Rule-based Temporal Expression Extraction and Normalization System for Chinese Clinical Notes.
abstract: Time is an important aspect of information and is very useful for information utilization. The goal of this study was to analyze the challenges of temporal expression (TE) extraction and normalization in Chinese clinical notes by assessing the performance of a rule-based system developed by us on a manually annotated corpus (including 1,778 clinical notes of 281 hospitalized patients). In order to develop system conveniently, we divided TEs into three categories: direct, indirect and uncertain TEs, and designed different rules for each category of them. Evaluation on the independent test set shows that our system achieves an F-score of93.40% on TE extraction, and an accuracy of 92.58% on TE normalization under "exact-match" criterion. Compared with HeidelTime for Chinese newswire text, our system is much better, indicating that it is necessary to develop a specific TE extraction and normalization system for Chinese clinical notes because of domain difference.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zengjian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Buzhou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Qingcai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Haodi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Junzhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Jingzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Qiwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Suisong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D013995:Time