title: Natural antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy; a potential approach that warrants clinical trials.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammatory process are important factors contributing to kidney damage by increasing production of oxidants. KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway regulates the transcription of many antioxidant genes and modulation of the pathway up regulates antioxidants. NFB controls the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Natural substances have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and have an impact on NFB and KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathways. The preclinical studies explored the effectiveness of whole herbs, plants or seeds and their active ingredients in established diabetic nephropathy. They ameliorate oxidative stress induced kidney damage, enhance antioxidant system, and decrease inflammatory process and fibrosis; most likely by activating KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and by deactivating NFB pathway. Whole natural products contain balanced antioxidants that might work synergistically to induce beneficial therapeutic outcome. In this context, more clinical studies involving whole plants or herbal products or mixtures of different herbs and plants and their active ingredients might change our strategies for the management of diabetic nephropathy. The natural products might be useful as preventive interventions and studies are required in this field.
authors.affiliation: a New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Noori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Waili
authors.affiliation: a New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Hamza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Waili
authors.affiliation: a New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Thia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Waili
authors.affiliation: a New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Khelod
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; antioxidants; diabetic nephropathy; herbs; kidney; oxidative stress