title: Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Serum Vitamin D with Low Energy Hip and Distal Radius Fractures: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D and the status of bone mineral density in patients with low-energy hip and distal radius fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective case-control study was performed between January 2013 and January 2014. Participants aged 55 years or older were divided to case group including 85 patients with low-energy hip fracture and 83 patients with low-energy distal radius fractures, and 82 subjects as a matched control group. Bone mineral density was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum sample was obtained to check vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study subjects for final evaluation consisted of 78 in hip and distal radius fracture groups and 80 in control group. There were no significant differences in the mean serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase between the three groups. The overall mean serum level of vitamin D3 was significantly different among the three groups. Similar results were observed with hip and spine t-score between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is not only a direct relation between serum vitamin D and the risk of low energy hip and distal radius fractures, but also a significant relation between low bone density in hip and spine area with low serum calcium was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tahririan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motififard
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omidian
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein Akbari
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Aghdam
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaeali
keywords: Bone mineral density; Distal radius fracture and hip fracture; Low energy fracture; Vitamin D