title: Evaluation of GAD67 immunoreactivity in the region of substantia nigra pars reticulata in resistance to development of convulsive seizure in genetic absence epilepsy rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonconvulsive absence epilepsy and convulsive epilepsy seizures are rarely seen in the same patient. It has been demonstrated that there is a resistance to development of convulsive seizures in genetic absence epilepsy models. The present study investigated glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity in the brain region related to the interaction of these two seizure types, namely substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) subregions, SNRanteriorand SNRposterior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonepileptic adult male Wistar rats and Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) were used. Experimental groups of Wistar and GAERS were electrically stimulated for kindling model to induce convulsive epileptic seizures. An electrical stimulation cannula was stereotaxically implanted to the basolateral amygdala and recording electrodes were placed on the cortex. Sagittal sections of SNR were used to evaluate immunohistochemical reaction. Sections were incubated with anti-GAD67 antibody. Densitometric analysis of GAD67 immunoreactive neurons was performed using photographs of stained sections. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis of the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in GAD67 immunoreactivity of SNR subregions of control Wistar and control GAERS. An increase in GAD67 immunoreactivity was detected in SNRposteriorsubregion of stimulated Wistar rats, whereas there was a decrease in GAD67 immunoreactivity in SNRposteriorof stimulated GAERS. The difference in GAD67 immunoreactivity between these two groups was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Level of synthetized gamma-aminobutyric acid in SNRposteriorsubregion plays an important role in the interaction of nonconvulsive absence epilepsy seizures and convulsive epilepsy seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Medine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulcebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carcak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karamahmutoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Onat
keywords: Epilepsy; GAERS; gamma-aminobutyric acid; immunohistochemistry