title: Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of dogs: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners.
abstract: Resource guarding (RG) involves the use of specific behaviour patterns to control access to an item of potential "value" (as perceived by the dog), and can be expressed in the presence of various animals, including other dogs. The current study aimed to identify factors associated with RG patterns expressed around other dogs. Dog owners (n=3068) were recruited through social media to answer questions regarding dog- and household-related factors, as well as their dog's current and past behaviour around resources in the presence of other dogs. Participants were screened for their ability to identify different forms of resource guarding from video, and were removed from the study if they incorrectly identified any of the videos provided. This resulted in a final sample of 2207 participants (n=3589 dogs). Multiple multi-level logistic regression models were developed to determine the association between independent variables of interest and RG patterns (i.e., RG aggression, avoidance, and rapid ingestion) when in the presence of other dogs. Namely, dogs living in multi-dog households were more likely to display RG aggression, avoidance, and rapid ingestion (p<0.01) compared to dogs that live without other dogs. Dogs with higher levels of impulsivity and fear were more likely to display RG aggression (p<0.001). Neutered males (p<0.01) were more likely to be RG aggressive compared to dogs of other sexes and neuter statuses. Teaching dogs to reliably "drop" items when requested was associated with a reduced likelihood of biting RG aggression (p<0.05). Distinct associative relationships between the patterns of RG in the presence of other dogs were identified. Dogs that express RG aggression were less likely to express RG avoidance or RG rapid ingestion; however, the latter two types were likely to co-occur, perhaps dependent on the type of resource involved. This suggests that dogs may be relatively more fixed in their action around items in the presence of dogs. However, a longitudinal study is important to determine the exact nature of relationships between RG patterns. The results identified in this study can be used as a basis for further investigation on factors influencing RG behaviour in the presence of other dogs.
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Population Medicine, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Population Medicine, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Coe
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Population Medicine, Canada.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ontario Agricultural College, Department of Animal Biosciences, Canada.
authors.forename: Tina M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Widowski
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Population Medicine, Canada. Electronic address: niell@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004285:Dogs / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D001841:Human-Animal Bond; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Behaviour; Canine; Possessive aggression; Resource guarding; Risk factors