title: Evaluation of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts of Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach fruits.
abstract: Sarcopoterium spinosum fruits have been used to get extracts of different nature; two fixed oils were obtained by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2at 250 bar and 40°C and using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction (SE) apparatus. Aqueous solutions: an aromatic water (AW) and a residual water (RW) were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD). In the RW, following have been identified: quercetin glucuronide, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucuronide, quercetin sulfate and quercetin. Among all tested plant extracts, the RW had the highest content of polyphenol (378 mg GAE/g of weight) and of flavonoids (26 mg QE/g of weight), and the highest antioxidant activity, comparable to that of Trolox. It was also the most active extract of this series (IC50= 0.292 mg/mL) in the tyrosinase activity assays performed with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrate.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Geological Science , University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.affiliation: b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Era
authors.affiliation: b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Petrillo
authors.affiliation: c Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología , Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: González Paramás
authors.affiliation: b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maxia
authors.affiliation: b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maccioni
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Geological Science , University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-3979
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porcedda
authors.affiliation: b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.|d State Institute of Higher Education "Michele Giua" , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falconieri
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Monserrato , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosa
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006586:Hexanes; D007980:Levodopa / Q000378:metabolism; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D059808:Polyphenols; C026385:n-hexane; D007980:Levodopa; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: SFE; Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach; antioxidant activity; fruits; hydrodistillation; n-hexane; residual water; tyrosinase inhibitor