title: Type-III interferons and rheumatoid arthritis: Correlation between interferon lambda 1 (interleukin 29) and antimutated citrullinated vimentin antibody levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess serum type III or lambda (λ) interferons (IFN) levels and its clinical and laboratory associations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study including 43 patients with RA (86% females; age 45.3 ± 10.3 years) and 43 healthy individuals was performed. Clinical data including disease activity, acute-phase reactants, rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies were collected. Serum IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, CXCL8 and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) antibody levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with RA had higher IFNλ1 (113.5 ± 118.6 pg/mL versus 55.9 ± 122.3 pg/mL; p < 0.0001) and IFNλ2 (245.4 ± 327.7 pg/mL versus 5.1 ± 11.0 pg/mL; p = 0.009) levels than controls, but not IFNλ3 levels. Notably, IFNλ1 levels were found to be higher in both patients with active disease (124.9 ± 135.9 pg/mL; p < 0.001) and quiescent disease (99.0 ± 93.7 pg/mL; p < 0.01), while IFNλ2 levels were higher only in patients with active disease (264.0 ± 356.1 pg/mL; p = 0.02). A noteworthy association between serum IFNλ1 levels and anti-MCV antibody titers (Spearman's rho coefficient 0.36, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.61; p = 0.02) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IFNλ1 and IFNλ2 levels are abnormally elevated in patients with RA and the former are linearly associated with circulating anti-MCV antibody levels. These results may place type-III IFN as an attractive new therapeutic target in RA.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dermatology , Hospital General de Zona 32, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Tlalpan, Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castillo-Martínez
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rheumatology.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juarez
authors.affiliation: c Department of Immunology.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patlán
authors.affiliation: d Department of Physiology , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Tlalpan, Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Páez
authors.affiliation: d Department of Physiology , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Tlalpan, Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massó
authors.affiliation: c Department of Immunology.|e Department of Health Care , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Xochimilco , Coyoacán, Mexico City , Mexico , and.|f School of Medicine, LaSalle University , Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Amezcua-Guerra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; anti-mutated; antibodies; anticitrullinated; citrullinated; interferon; interferons; lambda; peptide; vimentin