title: Defining leadership competencies for pediatric critical care fellows: Results of a national needs assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physicians in training, including those in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, must develop clinical leadership skills in preparation to lead multidisciplinary teams during their careers. This study seeks to identify multidisciplinary perceptions of leadership skills important for Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellows to attain prior to fellowship completion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a multi-institutional survey of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine attendings, fellows, and nurses. Subjects were asked to rate importance of 59 leadership skills, behaviors, and attitudes for Pediatric Critical Care practitioners and to identify whether these skills should be achieved before completing fellowship. Skills with the highest ratings by respondents were deemed essential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and eighteen subjects completed the survey. Of 59 items, only one item ("displays honesty and integrity") was considered essential by all respondents. When analyzed by discipline, nurses identified 21 behaviors essential, fellows 3, and attendings 1 (p < 0.05). Nurses differed (p < 0.05) from attendings in their opinion of importance in 64% (38/59) of skills.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite significant variability among Pediatric Critical Care attendings, fellows, and nurses in identifying which clinical leadership competencies are important for graduating Pediatric Critical Care fellows, they place the highest importance on skills in self-management and self-awareness. Leadership skills identified as most important may guide the development of interventions to improve trainee education and interprofessional care.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: c Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance , CA , USA.|d David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mink
authors.affiliation: e Lehigh Valley Health Network , Allentown , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brannen
authors.affiliation: f Division of Pediatric Critical Care , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.affiliation: g Division of Critical Care Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Tensing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maa
authors.affiliation: h Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Grace M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.affiliation: i Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine , Albert Einstein School of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore , Bronx , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.affiliation: j Department of Pediatrics , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marcdante
authors.affiliation: k Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Cohen Children's Medical Center , New Hyde Park , NY , USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: l Duke University Hospital and Health System , Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital , Durham , NC , USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011361:Professional Competence; D013192:Staff Development