title: Host specificity and basic ecology of Mammomonogamus (Nematoda, Syngamidae) from lowland gorillas and forest elephants in Central African Republic.
abstract: Syngamid strongylids of the genus Mammomonogamus undoubtedly belong among the least known nematodes with apparent zoonotic potential and the real diversity of the genus remains hard to evaluate without extensive molecular data. Eggs of Mammomonogamus sp. are frequently found in feces of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas. Using sedimentation-based coproscopic techniques, we found the eggs of Mammomonogamus in 19·7% elephant and 54·1% gorilla fecal samples with 8-55 and 1-24 eggs per gram of fecal sediment for elephants and gorillas, respectively. We used a combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and a partial sequence of 18S rDNA isolated from single eggs to test the hypothesis of possible Mammomonogamus conspecificity in gorillas and elephants. Whereas 18S rDNA sequences were identical in both gorillas and elephants, we distinguished seven different haplotypes within the cox1. Two haplotypes were found in both gorillas and elephants suggesting sharing of Mammomonogamus. Assignment of the parasite to M. loxodontis is proposed. Provided sequences represent the first genomic data on Mammomonogamus spp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno,Palackého tř. 1946/1,61242,Brno,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Červená
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vertebrate Biology,Czech Academy of Sciences,Květná 8,603 65,Brno,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno,Palackého tř. 1946/1,61242,Brno,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pafčo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences,Branišovská 31,370 05,České Budějovice,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jirků
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences,Branišovská 31,370 05,České Budějovice,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jirků
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vertebrate Biology,Czech Academy of Sciences,Květná 8,603 65,Brno,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Klára Judita
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Petrželková
authors.affiliation: WWF,Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas,BP 1053 Bangui,Central African Republic.
authors.forename: Angelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: The Wildlife Conservation Society,BP 1053 Bangui,Central African Republic.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Turkalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno,Palackého tř. 1946/1,61242,Brno,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modrý
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D002488:Central African Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D004606:Elephants; D005260:Female; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D058507:Host Specificity; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013320:Strongyloidea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: 
                 Gorilla gorilla gorilla
              ; 
                 Loxodonta cyclotis
              ; 
                 cox1
              ; 18S rDNA; Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas; haplotype; interspecies transmission