title: Cutaneous side-effects of biologics in immune-mediated disorders: A histopathological perspective.
abstract: Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms and targets in immune regulation have led to the widespread use of biologic targeted therapies, and, as such, reformed the course of many disabling diseases. However, with their expanded use, various side-effects, including cutaneous, have emerged. Many times a clear-cut relationship exists between the drug and the clinical manifestations; however, when a biopsy is warranted, various histopathological patterns may be observed and may cause confusion to the dermatopathologist. The aim of this review is to shed light on the different histopathological patterns observed as a manifestation secondary to biologics.
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Succaria
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jag
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhawan
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products
keywords: biologics; drug reactions; lichen planus; psoriasis; tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors