title: Stereotactic prostate adaptive radiotherapy utilising kilovoltage intrafraction monitoring: the TROG 15.01 SPARK trial.
abstract: This paper describes the multi-institutional prospective phase II clinical trial, SPARK: Stereotactic Prostate Adaptive Radiotherapy utilizing Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM). KIM is a real-time image guided radiotherapy technology being developed and clinically pioneered for prostate cancer treatment in Australia. It has potential for widespread use for target radiotherapy treatment of cancers of the pelvis, thorax and abdomen.
  
  
  
  In the SPARK trial we will measure the cancer targeting accuracy and patient outcomes for 48 prostate cancer patients who will be treated in five treatment sessions as opposed to the conventional 40 sessions. The reduced number of treatment sessions is enabled by the KIM's increased cancer targeting accuracy.
  
  
  
  Real-time imaging in radiotherapy has the potential to decrease the time taken during cancer treatment and reduce the imaging dose required. With the imaging being acquired during the treatment, and the analysis being automated, there is potential for improved throughput. The SPARK trial will be conducted under the auspices of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG).
  
  
  
  This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 09 March 2015. The identifier is: NCT02397317.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Physics Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. paul.keall@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keall
authors.affiliation: Radiation Physics Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Doan Trang
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Radiation Physics Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gebski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kneebone
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jarad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016634:Radiosurgery; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods; D012107:Research Design
keywords: Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring; Prostate Cancer; SPARK Trial; Stereotactic Radiotherapy