title: Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste, Moxifloxacin, Calcium Hydroxide And 2% Chlorhexidine Gel In Elimination ofE. Faecalis: An In vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Root canal treatment is incomplete without usage of intra canal medicaments. They help in the reduction of bacterial count and its by-products, making canals clean and decreasing postoperative pains.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of triple antibiotic paste, Moxifloxacin, calcium hydroxide and 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in elimination ofEnterococcous faecalis (E. faecalis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five root blocks were obtained from extracted single rooted human teeth. The canal diameter was increased using Gates- Glidden drill up to size 3 and then contaminated withE. faecalisfor 21 days. The contaminated samples were then divided into following 5 groups. Group 1: Saline (negative group), Group 2: Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, Group 3: 2% CHX gel, Group 4: Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) (50 μg - metronidazole of 400 mg, 50 μg - minocycline of 100 mg, 50 μg - ciprofloxacin of 100 mg) and Group 5: Moxifloxacin (50 μg - moxifloxacin of 400 mg). Dentin debris was obtained at the end of first, 7th, and 10thday using Gates Glidden drill sizes 4 and 5. The bacterial load was assessed by counting the number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs). The data were analyzed with the ANOVA and Post-Hoc tests to assess the differences in antibacterial efficacy between groups (p=<0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2% CHX gel alone completely inhibited the growth ofE. faecalisafter one, seven and 10 days. The 2% CHX gel was the most effective medicament againstE. faecalis,as it showed significant differences with normal saline, calcium hydroxide, Moxifloxacin or triple antibiotic paste at all time intervals. The triple antibiotic paste group showed a moderate antibacterial effect as its difference with all group was significantly better at all days. Moxifloxacin was more effective than calcium hydroxide on 7thand 10thday.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Best antimicrobial efficacy was shown by 2% CHX gel. Moxifloxacin was equally efficient compared to triple antibiotic paste againstE. faecalisat longer intervals of time.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Ashik Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lakhani
authors.affiliation: Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sekhar
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecture, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Bellam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tejolatha
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecture, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research Institute , Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maitri Dentistry and Research Institute , Durg, Chhattisgarh, India .
authors.forename: Shanin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farista
keywords: Antimicrobial efficacy; Dentinal tubule; Fluoroquinolone; Intra canal medicament; Root canal treatment