title: RNA-Seq reveals the molecular mechanism of trapping and killing of root-knot nematodes by nematode-trapping fungi.
abstract: Nematode-trapping fungi are well known for their inherent potential to trap and kill nematodes using specialized trapping devices. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the trapping and subsequent processes are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined differential genes expression in two nematode-trapping fungi after baiting with nematode extracts. In Arthrobotrys conoides, 809 transcripts associated with diverse functions such as signal transduction, morphogenesis, stress response and peroxisomal proteins, proteases, chitinases and genes involved in the host-pathogen interaction showed differential expression with fold change (>±1.5 fold) in the presence of nematode extract with FDR (p-value < 0.001). G-proteins and mitogen activated protein kinases are considered crucial for signal transduction mechanism. Results of qRT-PCR of 20 genes further validated the sequencing data. Further, variations in gene expression among Duddingtonia flagrans and A. conoides showed septicity of nematode-trapping fungi for its host. The findings illustrate the molecular mechanism of fungal parasitism in A. conoides which may be helpful in developing a potential biocontrol agent against parasitic nematodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Technology, Sardar Patel University, New V.V. Nagar, Anand, 388 121, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Chaitanya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Value Addition Research and Development Department-Human Health, National Innovation Foundation (NIF)-India, Mahudi Road, Ganhdinagar, 382650, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Technology, Sardar Patel University, New V.V. Nagar, Anand, 388 121, Gujarat, India. anjuaribas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunjadia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D010571:Pest Control; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012331:RNA, Fungal
keywords: Arthrobotrys conoides; Duddingtonia flagrans; Nematophagous fungi; RNA-Seq; qRT-PCR