title: Transperineal Ultrasound as a Tool to Plan Surgical Strategies in Pediatric Urology: Back to the Future?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the usefulness and advantages of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) on planning the surgical tactics to treat childhood pelviperineal disease (CPPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of CPPD is reviewed to provide a pictorial review of TPUS as imaging method variety of CPPD. Other imaging methods are compared with TPUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPUS studies of patients showing different conditions on the spectrum of pelviperineal malformation are shown in detail (pictorial review, graphically shown-see figures in the article and as supplementary material), highlighting the advantages of the method and comparing TPUS findings with other imaging techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance imaging, contrast genitograms, voiding cystourethrography, and genital or urologic endoscopy have some important disadvantages, especially radiation exposure, high cost, not easily available equipment, and the need of general anesthesia or deep sedation in children. TPUS is easily available, including in impoverished environments, portable, painless, reproducible, inexpensive, and capable of providing detailed and specific information about pelviperineal malformation with accuracy. Data provided by TPUS are comparable with other imaging techniques (Table 1). Its main disadvantage is the dependency on the expertise of the operator to obtain high-quality, well-interpreted images.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department, Servidores do Estado Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: lisieuxeyerdejesus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lisieux Eyer
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.affiliation: CDPI Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Radiology Department, Jesus Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fazecas
authors.affiliation: CDPI Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Radiology Department, Jesus Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department, Servidores do Estado Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dekermacher
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010502:Perineum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D014572:Urology