title: Trauma and Stem Cells: Biology and Potential Therapeutic Implications.
abstract: Trauma may cause irreversible tissue damage and loss of function despite current best practice. Healing is dependent both on the nature of the injury and the intrinsic biological capacity of those tissues for healing. Preclinical research has highlighted stem cell therapy as a potential avenue for improving outcomes for injuries with poor healing capacity. Additionally, trauma activates the immune system and alters stem cell behaviour. This paper reviews the current literature on stem cells and its relevance to trauma care. Emphasis is placed on understanding how stem cells respond to trauma and pertinent mechanisms that can be utilised to promote tissue healing. Research involving notable difficulties in trauma care such as fracture non-union, cartilage damage and trauma induced inflammation is discussed further.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. thu.kabilan@gmail.com.|Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia. thu.kabilan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kabilan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thurairajah
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. matthewbroadhead@me.com.|Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia. matthewbroadhead@me.com.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Broadhead
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. zsolt.balogh@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia. zsolt.balogh@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: Zsolt J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Balogh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012038:Regeneration; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: DAMP; healing; inflammation; stem cells; trauma