title: Increased Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Generation by Cyclosporine-A and Angiotensin II in Human Gingival Fibroblasts - Ex-vivo Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporin-A (CsA), an immunosuppressant, induces renal fibrosis and Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is known to play a major role. CsA has the potential to increase the oxidative stress; specifically through the Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) which could possibly stimulate fibrosis. A similar type of pathology occurs even in the gingiva known as CsA Induced Gingival Overgrowth (CIGO).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to estimate the AOPP generation by Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF) under the influence of CsA and Angiotensin II (Ang II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy gingival tissue samples were obtained during crown lengthening procedure and primary HGF were cultured using enzymatic digestion method. The ideal non-cytotoxic concentrations of CsA and Ang II were identified using cytotoxicity assay. Later, HGF were incubated with CsA and Ang II for 12 hours and AOPP assay was performed at zero and one hour interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant increase in AOPP production in both the CsA and Ang II when compared to the control group with a p value<0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CsA can induce oxidative stress and preventing/controlling it may be necessary to prevent untoward effect of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Head of Department, Department of Periodontics, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranga Rao
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Rajasekaran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subbarayan
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Sri Ramachandra University Chennai , Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Supraja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ajitkumar
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Centre for Indian Systems of Medicine Quality Assurance and Standardization, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murugan Girija
keywords: Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Renin angiotensin system