title: Adverse effects of BDE-47 on life cycle parameters, antioxidant system, and activation of MAPK signaling pathway in the rotifer Brachionus koreanus.
abstract: 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely dispersed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic ecosystem. Due to its devastating effect on marine organisms and insufficient database on toxicology, we investigated the adverse effects of BDE-47 on life parameters and antioxidant defense system following the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus. In B. koreanus, the reduction in life cycle, fecundity, and population growth were observed in response to BDE-47. 50μg/L BDE-47 significantly reduced (P<0.05) life expectancy and net reproductive rate. In response to 10-50μg/L BDE-47 exposure, the oxidative stress was elicited via the generation of ROS, while the antioxidant related enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferase [GST] and glutathione reductase [GR]) have demonstrated significant activity levels (P<0.05) to further alleviate the oxidative stress in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, transcript profiles of antioxidant function (GST-A, -O, and -S1-S8)-related genes have shown the significant increase over 24h in response to BDE-47 (0, 10, 25, and 50μg/L). As for MAPK signaling pathway analysis, up-regulation of their activities was observed at 25μg/L BDE-47 but their activities have reduced at adult NOEC concentration of 50μg/L. This study provides a better understanding of the effects of BDE-47 on life parameters, molecular defense system, and activation of MAPK signaling pathway against generated oxidants in the rotifer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Bum
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea. Electronic address: jslee2@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Jae-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Antioxidant system; BDE-47; Brachionus koreanus; Life parameters; MAPK signaling pathway; Rotifer