title: Uncoupling of neurogenesis and differentiation during retinal development.
abstract: Conventionally, neuronal development is regarded to follow a stereotypic sequence of neurogenesis, migration, and differentiation. We demonstrate that this notion is not a general principle of neuronal development by documenting the timing of mitosis in relation to multiple differentiation events for bipolar cells (BCs) in the zebrafish retina usingin vivoimaging. We found that BC progenitors undergo terminal neurogenic divisions while in markedly disparate stages of neuronal differentiation. Remarkably, the differentiation state of individual BC progenitors at mitosis is not arbitrary but matches the differentiation state of post-mitotic BCs in their surround. By experimentally shifting the relative timing of progenitor division and differentiation, we provide evidence that neurogenesis and differentiation can occur independently of each other. We propose that the uncoupling of neurogenesis and differentiation could provide neurogenic programs with flexibility, while allowing for synchronous neuronal development within a continuously expanding cell pool.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Engerer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Sachihiro C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.affiliation: Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Prisca
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chapouton
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Obeng
authors.affiliation: Anatomisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Odermatt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany philip.williams@childrens.harvard.edu thomas.misgeld@tum.de leanne.godinho@tum.de.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4813-8925
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany philip.williams@childrens.harvard.edu thomas.misgeld@tum.de leanne.godinho@tum.de.|Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.|Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9875-6794
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misgeld
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany philip.williams@childrens.harvard.edu thomas.misgeld@tum.de leanne.godinho@tum.de.
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0942-4622
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Godinho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D055495:Neurogenesis; D012160:Retina / Q000196:embryology*; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
keywords: bipolar cells; development; differentiation; neurogenesis; retina