title: Identifying the chiral d-wave superconductivity by Josephson φ0-states.
abstract: We propose the Josephson junctions linked by a normal metal between a d + id superconductor and another d + id superconductor, a d-wave superconductor, or a s-wave superconductor for identifying the chiral d + id superconductivity. The time-reversal breaking in the chiral d-wave superconducting state is shown to result in a Josephson φ0-junction state where the current-phase relation is shifted by a phase φ0from the sinusoidal relation, other than 0 and π. The ground-state phase difference φ0and the critical current can be used to definitely confirm and read the information about the d + id superconductivity. A smooth evolution from conventional 0-π transitions to tunable φ0-states can be observed by changing the relative magnitude of two types of d-wave components in the d + id pairing. On the other hand, the Josephson junction involving the d + id superconductor is also the simplest model to realize a φ0- junction, which is useful in superconducting electronics and superconducting quantum computation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang