title: Progress in HIV vaccine development.
abstract: An HIV-1 vaccine is needed to curtail the HIV epidemic. Only one (RV144) out of the 6 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials performed showed efficacy. A potential mechanism of protection is the induction of functional antibodies to V1V2 region of HIV envelope. The 2 main current approaches to the generation of protective immunity are through broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) and induction of functional antibodies (non-neutralizing Abs with other potential anti-viral functions). Passive immunization using bnAb has advanced into phase II clinical trials. The induction of bnAb using mimics of the natural Env trimer or B-cell lineage vaccine design is still in pre-clinical phase. An attempt at optimization of protective functional antibodies will be assessed next with the efficacy trial (HVTN702) about to start. With on-going optimization of prime/boost strategies, the development of mosaic immunogens, replication competent vectors, and emergence of new strategies designed to induce bnAb, the prospects for a preventive HIV vaccine have never been more promising.
authors.affiliation: a Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Bangkok , Thailand.|b US Military HIV Research Program , Silver Spring , MD , USA.|c Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: a Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Bangkok , Thailand.|b US Military HIV Research Program , Silver Spring , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120
keywords: HIV; RV144; broadly neutralizing antibodies; functional antibodies; vaccine