title: CMOS based image cytometry for detection of phytoplankton in ballast water.
abstract: We introduce an image cytometer (I-CYT) for the analysis of phytoplankton in fresh and marine water environments. A linear quantification of cell numbers was observed covering several orders of magnitude using cultures ofTetraselmisandNannochloropsismeasured by autofluorescence in a laboratory environment. We assessed the functionality of the system outside the laboratory by phytoplankton quantification of samples taken from a marine water environment (Dutch Wadden Sea, The Netherlands) and a fresh water environment (Lake Ijssel, The Netherlands). The I-CYT was also employed to study the effects of two ballast water treatment systems (BWTS), based on chlorine electrolysis and UV sterilization, with the analysis including the vitality of the phytoplankton. For comparative study and benchmarking of the I-CYT, a standard flow cytometer was used. Our results prove a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 cells/ml with an accuracy between 0.7 and 0.5 log, and a correlation of 88.29% in quantification and 96.21% in vitality, with respect to the flow cytometry results.
authors.affiliation: ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jofre
authors.affiliation: ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: LABAQUA, S.A., c) Del Dracma, 16 18, 0314, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.affiliation: LABAQUA, S.A., c) Del Dracma, 16 18, 0314, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catalan
authors.affiliation: MemTeq Ventures Ltd. The Auction Houses, Stokesley North Yorkshire, TS9 7AB England, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Marine Eco Analytics, Haventerrein 1-A, 1779 GS Den Oever, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veldhuis
authors.affiliation: ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain; ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pruneri
keywords: (170.0110) Imaging systems; (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology