title: Bt rice in China - focusing the nontarget risk assessment.
abstract: Bt rice can control yield losses caused by lepidopteran pests but may also harm nontarget species and reduce important ecosystem services. A comprehensive data set on herbivores, natural enemies, and their interactions in Chinese rice fields was compiled. This together with an analysis of the Cry protein content in arthropods collected from Bt rice in China indicated which nontarget species are most exposed to the insecticidal protein and should be the focus of regulatory risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.|College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Agroscope, Biosafety Research Group, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meissle
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yufa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.|Agroscope, Biosafety Research Group, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romeis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D020387:Food Chain; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D060434:Herbivory; D007313:Insecta / Q000737:chemistry*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Bt rice; ecosystem services; environmental risk assessment; nontarget effects; surrogate species