title: Imaging spectrum of central nervous system complications of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation.
abstract: Neurologic complications are common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) and affect 30-60% of transplant recipients. The aim of this article is to provide a practical imaging approach based on the timeline and etiology of CNS abnormalities, and neurologic complications related to transplantation of specific organs. The lesions will be classified based upon the interval from HSCT procedure: pre-engraftment period <30 days, early post-engraftment period 30-100 days, late post-engraftment period >100 days, and the interval from SOT procedure: postoperative phase 1-4 weeks, early posttransplant syndromes 1-6 months, late posttransplant syndromes >6 months. Further differentiation will be based on etiology: infections, drug toxicity, metabolic derangements, cerebrovascular complications, and posttransplantation malignancies. In addition, differentiation will be based on complications specific to the type of transplantation: allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, and liver. Thus, in this article we emphasize the strategic role of neuroradiology in the diagnosis and response to treatment by utilizing a methodical approach in the work up of patients with neurologic complications after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway. uxasea@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-4527
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Server
authors.affiliation: Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Resonance Magnetic Image Core Facility, Institut d'investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBARS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bargalló
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Yngvar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fløisand
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sponheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBARS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graus
authors.affiliation: Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hald
mesh_terms: D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Brain; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neurologic complications; Solid organ transplantation