title: Immunoregulatory properties of the cytokine IL-34.
abstract: Interleukin-34 is a cytokine with only partially understood functions, described for the first time in 2008. Although IL-34 shares very little homology with CSF-1 (CSF1, M-CSF), they share a common receptor CSF-1R (CSF-1R) and IL-34 has also two distinct receptors (PTP-ζ) and CD138 (syndecan-1). To make the situation more complex, IL-34 has also been shown as pairing with CSF-1 to form a heterodimer. Until now, studies have demonstrated that this cytokine is released by some tissues that differ to those where CSF-1 is expressed and is involved in the differentiation and survival of macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in response to inflammation. The involvement of IL-34 has been shown in areas as diverse as neuronal protection, autoimmune diseases, infection, cancer, and transplantation. Our recent work has demonstrated a new and possible therapeutic role for IL-34 as a Foxp3+Treg-secreted cytokine mediator of transplant tolerance. In this review, we recapitulate most recent findings on IL-34 and its controversial effects on immune responses and address its immunoregulatory properties and the potential of targeting this cytokine in human.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, Université de Nantes, 30 Bd. Jean Monnet, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France. carole.guillonneau@univ-nantes.fr.|Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France. carole.guillonneau@univ-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7195-0631
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guillonneau
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, Université de Nantes, 30 Bd. Jean Monnet, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France.|Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bézie
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, Université de Nantes, 30 Bd. Jean Monnet, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France.|Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anegon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: CSF-1(M-CSF); Immune tolerance; Ischemia reperfusion; Macrophages; Osteopetrosis; Tregs