title: Risk factors of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia recurrence in HIV-infected MSM.
abstract: To assess risk factors of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) recurrence in a cohort of HIV-infected MSM.
  
  
  
  Consecutive HIV-infected 100 MSM with a history of successfully treated intra-anal HGAIN with electrocautery were followed with anal cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) determination, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) at 3-6-month intervals. HGAIN recurrence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk factors of recurrence were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The value of different tests for detecting recurrence was also assessed.
  
  
  
  After a mean follow-up of 17.6 months, 39 of the 100 patients [39%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 29-49] developed recurrent HGAIN, 24 at the previously treated site, and 15 at a different site. The probability of recurrence was 23.5% at 12 months (95% CI: 13.9-33.1) and 53.3% at 24 months (95% CI: 34.3-72.7). Risk factors of recurrence were presence of hepatitis C antibodies (hazard ratio 2.79; 95% CI: 1.04-7.53), nadir CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/μl (hazard ratio 2.61; 95% CI: 1.06-6.44), and HGAIN lesions affecting at least two octants of anal circumference (hazard ratio 8.27; 95% CI: 1.1-62). Infection by at least two HPV oncogenic strains increased the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 2.3; 95% CI: 0.98-5.42). HRA, anal cytology, and oncogenic HPV determination test showed a sensitivity of 100, 79.4, and 86.7%, and a specificity of 57.7, 36.6, and 34.7%, respectively, for detecting HGAIN recurrence.
  
  
  
  The risk of HGAIN recurrence in HIV-infected MSM is high. Regular posttreatment follow-up of these patients is mandatory, and performing direct HRA appears to be the best strategy.
authors.affiliation: aInfectious Diseases Department bAnatomical Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) cInternal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.forename: Adria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landolfi
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guelar
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.forename: MaCarmen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dinares
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Losa
authors.forename: Vicenç
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falcó
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D065310:Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix / Q000453:epidemiology*