title: Factors influencing gelation properties of corn germ proteins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a by-product of the oil industry, corn germ meal is mainly applied as a high-protein ingredient in animal feeds, without any application of the specific functional properties of corn germ protein (CGP). Factors influencing the gelation properties of CGP in relation to its dynamic rheology are still unclear owing to limited information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CGP concentrate was recovered by the isoelectric precipitation method, and factors affecting its gelation properties were investigated using a rheometer. A weak gel formed at natural pH with 0.3 mol L-1NaCl, and the minimum gel-forming concentration was observed at 150 g kg-1. Higher CGP protein concentrations induced stiffer gels, and linear relationships were found between protein concentration and gel stiffness (G') as well as between protein concentration and gel viscosity (G″). Lower heating and cooling rate promoted the formation of stiffer gels. CGP gelation was both NaCl- and pH-dependent. Sodium tripolyphosphate significantly increased gel stiffness with increasing concentration. No difference in gel elasticity (tanδ) was observed with the inclusion of various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium polyphosphate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heating and cooling rate, NaCl, protein concentration, pH and phosphates all impact the gel-forming ability of CGP concentrate. Desired gel properties can be obtained through adjustment of these factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Quality & Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Xiang Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Food Science Department, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Food Science Department, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Xin Miao
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Quality & Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Rui Ying
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Ying Lei
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Quality & Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Quality & Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D004548:Elasticity; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: corn germ protein; gelation; phosphates; protein concentration