title: Determination of toxic metals, trace and essentials, and macronutrients in Sarpa salpa and Chelon labrosus: risk assessment for the consumers.
abstract: Due to increased environmental pollution, monitoring of contaminants in the environment and marine organisms is a fundamental tool for assessing the existence of risk from their consumption to human health. The levels of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Al), trace and essential metals (B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, and Zn), and macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na) in two species of fish for human consumption were quantified in the present study. Eighty samples of muscle tissue and 80 samples of liver tissue belonging to two species of Osteichthyes fish; Sarpa salpa and Chelon labrosus were analyzed. The studied specimens were caught on the northern coast of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) with fishing rods. As they caught from the shore, they are suitable samples for assessing the toxic levels of representative species caught by local amateur fishermen. The results show that both species are fit for human consumption since they have toxic levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Al) which are below the maximum established levels; however, the toxic levels of the liver samples are several orders of magnitude higher than the muscle samples, so we discourage their regular consumption. The risk assessment indicated that the two species of fish are safe for the average consumer; however, if the livers of these species are consumed, there could be risks because they exceed the PTWI for Pb and the TWI for Cd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Aridani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. ajguti@ull.es.
authors.forename: Angel J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.|Canarian Public Health service, Central Laboratory, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Dailos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González-Weller
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hardisson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Revert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011041:Poisoning; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Environmental pollution; Fish; Heavy metals; Risk assessment; Toxic elements