title: Quantifying Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Thigh Muscle Volume and Hepatic Proton Density Fat Fraction: Repeatability and Accuracy of an MR Imaging-based, Semiautomated Analysis Method.
abstract: Purpose To determine the repeatability and accuracy of a commercially available magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based, semiautomated method to quantify abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle volume and hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Materials and Methods This prospective study was institutional review board- approved and HIPAA compliant. All subjects provided written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were age of 18 years or older and willingness to participate. The exclusion criterion was contraindication to MR imaging. Three-dimensional T1-weighted dual-echo body-coil images were acquired three times. Source images were reconstructed to generate water and calibrated fat images. Abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle were segmented, and their volumes were estimated by using a semiautomated method and, as a reference standard, a manual method. Hepatic PDFF was estimated by using a confounder-corrected chemical shift-encoded MR imaging method with hybrid complex-magnitude reconstruction and, as a reference standard, MR spectroscopy. Tissue volume and hepatic PDFF intra- and interexamination repeatability were assessed by using intraclass correlation and coefficient of variation analysis. Tissue volume and hepatic PDFF accuracy were assessed by means of linear regression with the respective reference standards. Results Adipose and thigh muscle tissue volumes of 20 subjects (18 women; age range, 25-76 years; body mass index range, 19.3-43.9 kg/m2) were estimated by using the semiautomated method. Intra- and interexamination intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.996-0.998 and coefficients of variation were 1.5%-3.6%. For hepatic MR imaging PDFF, intra- and interexamination intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than or equal to 0.994 and coefficients of variation were less than or equal to 7.3%. In the regression analyses of manual versus semiautomated volume and spectroscopy versus MR imaging, PDFF slopes and intercepts were close to the identity line, and correlations of determination at multivariate analysis (R2) ranged from 0.744 to 0.994. Conclusion This MR imaging-based, semiautomated method provides high repeatability and accuracy for estimating abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle volumes and hepatic PDFF.©RSNA, 2017.
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haufe
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borga
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dahlqvist Leinhard
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Romu
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tunón
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamst
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loomba
authors.affiliation: From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology (M.S.M., W.H., J.H., G.H., C.B.S.), Computational and Applied Statistics Laboratory, San Diego Supercomputing Center (T.W., A.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (R.L.), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0888, San Diego, CA 92093-0888; Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden (M.B., O.D.L., T.R., P.T.); and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (M.B., O.D.L., T.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.B., T.R.), and Department of Medicine and Health (O.D.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Claude B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sirlin
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013848:Thigh / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D011522:Protons