title: Mycobacterium kansasii Pneumonia with Mediastinal Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Successful Treatment to Stem Cell Transplantation.
abstract: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is a relatively rare cause of neutropenic fever in patients with hematologic malignancies. During the neutropenic period, performing invasive procedures for microbiological or pathological confirmation is difficult. In addition, the optimal treatment duration for NTM disease in patients with leukemia, especially prior to stem cell transplantation (SCT), has not been documented. Therefore, we report a case of pneumonia with necrotizing lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii diagnosed during chemotherapy being performed for acute myeloid leukemia. The radiologic findings were similar to those of invasive fungal pneumonia; however, a bronchoalveolar washing fluid culture confirmed that the pathogen was M. kansasii. After 70 days from starting NTM treatment, allogeneic SCT was performed without any complications. The patient fully recovered after 12 months of NTM treatment, and neither reactivation of M. kansasii infection nor related complications were reported.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Geun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. cho.sy@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|The Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Gun
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyonsoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seongyul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: The Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Je
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphadenitis; Mycobacterium kansasii; Pneumonia; Stem cell transplantation