title: Genetic and virulence characterization of classical swine fever viruses isolated in Mongolia from 2007 to 2015.
abstract: Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic and wild pigs in many developing countries, is now considered endemic in Mongolia, with 14 recent outbreaks in 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015. For the first time, CSF viruses isolated from these 14 outbreaks were analyzed to assess their molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity in pigs. Based on the nucleotide sequences of their 5'-untranslated region, isolates were phylogenetically classified as either sub-genotypes 2.1b or 2.2, and the 2014 and 2015 isolates, which were classified as 2.1b, were closely related to isolates from China and Korea. In addition, at least three different viruses classified as 2.1b circulated in Mongolia. Experimental infection of the representative isolate in 2014 demonstrated moderate pathogenicity in 4-week-old pigs, with relatively mild clinical signs. Understanding the diversity of circulating CSF viruses gleans insight into disease dynamics and evolution, and may inform the design of effective CSF control strategies in Mongolia.
authors.affiliation: Transboundary Animal Viral Diseases Diagnosis and Surveillance Unit, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, 17026, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Bazarragchaa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Enkhbold
authors.affiliation: Transboundary Animal Viral Diseases Diagnosis and Surveillance Unit, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, 17026, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Munkhduuren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shatar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakamori
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.|Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiono
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.|Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 17026, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.affiliation: Transboundary Animal Viral Diseases Diagnosis and Surveillance Unit, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, 17026, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Batchuluun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Damdinjav
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan. sakoda@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp.|Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan. sakoda@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002681:China; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005838:Genotype; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008986:Mongolia / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Classical swine fever; Experimental infection; Phylogenetic analysis; Virulence; Virus isolation