title: Bioaugmentation of the anaerobic digestion of food waste by dungs of herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore zoo animals.
abstract: The potential improvement of biomethanation of food waste (FW) by adding dung of herbivore (giraffe, llama, koala), carnivore (tiger), and omnivore (sloth bear) animals to anaerobic sludge (AnS) was investigated. Adding 30% giraffe, sloth bear or koala dung to the AnS inoculum yielded, respectively, a 11.17 (±4.51), 10.10 (±1.23), and 1.41 (±0.56)% higher biomethane production, as compared to the control (FW with solely AnS). The highest biomethane production of 564.00 (±3.88) ml CH4/gVSaddedobtained with 30% giraffe dung and 70% AnS was attributed to a higher solubilization of proteins (6.96 ± 2.76%) and recalcitrant carbohydrates (344.85 ± 54.31 mg/L as compared to zero). The biomethanation process could have been stimulated by the microorganisms or enzymes newly introduced, and/or the trace elements (Ni, Zn, and Co) present in the giraffe dung. These results indicate that bioaugmentation with zoo animals dung is worthy of further investigation as a strategy for improving the biomethane recovery from organic wastes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering , University of Cassino and Southern Lazio , Cassino (FR) , Italy.
authors.forename: Javkhlan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ariunbaatar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bair
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering , University of Cassino and Southern Lazio , Cassino (FR) , Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: c Medical Science Department , Lowry Park Zoo , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: d UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education , Delft , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Piet N L
authors.initials: PNL
authors.lastname: Lens
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005243:Feces; D060434:Herbivory; D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; animal digestive system; bioaugmentation; food waste; trace elements