title: High-magnification super-resolution FINCH microscopy using birefringent crystal lens interferometers.
abstract: Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) microscopy is a promising approach for high-resolution biological imaging but has so far been limited to use with low-magnification, low-numerical-aperture configurations. We report the use of in-line incoherent interferometers made from uniaxial birefringent α-barium borate (α-BBO) or calcite crystals that overcome the aberrations and distortions present with previous implementations that employed spatial light modulators or gradient refractive index lenses. FINCH microscopy incorporating these birefringent elements and high-numerical-aperture oil immersion objectives could outperform standard wide-field fluorescence microscopy, with, for example, a 149 nm lateral point spread function at a wavelength of 590 nm. Enhanced resolution was confirmed with sub-resolution fluorescent beads. Taking the Golgi apparatus as a biological example, three different proteins labelled with GFP and two other fluorescent dyes in HeLa cells were resolved with an image quality that is comparable to similar samples captured by structured illumination microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 240, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.; Microscopy Center, Johns Hopkins University Montgomery County Campus, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.; CellOptic, Inc., 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 224, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Nisan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lupashin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Storrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 240, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.; Microscopy Center, Johns Hopkins University Montgomery County Campus, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.; CellOptic, Inc., 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 224, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brooker