title: Positive and Negative Signals in Mast Cell Activation.
abstract: Mast cells are powerful immune modulators of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, these cells release a variety of preformed biologically active products, followed by a wave of mediator synthesis and secretion. Increasing evidence suggests that an intricate network of inhibitory and activating receptors, specific signaling pathways, and adaptor proteins governs mast cell responsiveness to stimuli. Here, we discuss the biological and clinical relevance of negative and positive signaling modalities that control mast cell activation, with an emphasis on novel FcεRI regulators, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-independent pathways [e.g., Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2)], tetraspanins, and the CD300 family of inhibitory and activating receptors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bulfone-Paus
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Allergy unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Draber
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France; CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: francescal@ekmd.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levi-Schaffer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000378:metabolism; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059470:Tetraspanins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C475664:FCER1A protein, human; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen; C480039:MRGPRX2 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D059470:Tetraspanins