title: Venous collateral drainage patterns predict clinical worsening in dural venous sinus thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST) is an increasingly recognized cause of a wide array of neurological symptoms, with outcomes that range from complete recovery to death. The condition of approximately 23% of patients with DVST will worsen after initial presentation, as a result of restricted venous outflow and venous hypertension, but early identification of this subset is challenging. A venous collateral scale (VCS) that grades alternative drainage routes may improve prediction of clinical deterioration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the ability of the VCS system to accurately identify patients with DVST who will experience clinical worsening, based on their imaging at presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From our institutional database, we identified patients with DVST on dedicated venous imaging between January 2010 and July 2016. A VCS was created and calculated from venous imaging at presentation by two reviewers blinded to subsequent data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 27 patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study had a median age of 42 years and 14 (52%) were female. Initial symptoms included headache without hemorrhage in 30% and focal deficit in 30%. Transverse sinus occlusion was present in 70% and superior sagittal sinus occlusion in 41%. VCS was 0 in 11%, 1 in 37%, and 2 in 52%. A lower VCS was significantly associated with clinical worsening both from time of initial symptom onset (77% vs 29%, VCS 0-1 vs 2, p<0.05) and during hospitalization (62% vs 0%, VCS 0-1 vs 2, p<0.01). In multivariate analysis, VCS but no other presenting features was significantly associated with in-hospital worsening (OR=2, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type and quality of venous collaterals influence outcome in DVST. VCS helps to identify patients whose condition is likely to deteriorate and may need additional aggressive interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sunil A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: Division of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saver
authors.affiliation: Division of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Szeder
authors.affiliation: Division of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Division of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tateshima
authors.affiliation: Division of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duckwiler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054064:Transverse Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Angiography; Blood Flow; Hemorrhage; Vein