title: Precision Medicine Approach to Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Advances in Targeted Drug Therapy Based on Specific Signaling Pathways.
abstract: Personalized medicine is a set of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches in which medical interventions are carried out based on individual patient characteristics. As life expectancy increases in developed and developing countries, the incidence of diseases such as cancer goes up among people in the community. Cancer is a disease that the response to treatment varies from one person to another and also it is costly for individuals, families, and society. Among thyroid cancers, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive, lethal and unresponsive form of the disease. Unfortunately, current drugs are not targetable, and therefore they have restricted role in ATC treatment. Consequently, mortality of this cancer, despite advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment, is one of the most important challenges in medicine. Cellular, molecular and genetic evidences play an important role in finding more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Review of these evidences confirms the application of personalized medicine in cancer treatment including ATC. A growing body of evidence has elucidated that cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer would pave the way for defining new biomarkers for targeted therapy, taking into account individual differences. It should be noted that this approach requires further progress in the fields of basic sciences, pharmacogenetics and drug design. An overview of the most important aspects in individualized anaplastic thyroid cancer treatment will be discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderi Sohi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rezvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.affiliation: Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haghpanah
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D057285:Precision Medicine; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D065646:Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Anaplastic thyroid cancer; Pharmacogenetics; Precision medicine; Signal pathways; Therapy