title: Biotechnological route for sustainable succinate production utilizing oil palm frond and kenaf as potential carbon sources.
abstract: Due to the world's dwindling energy supplies, greater thrust has been placed on the utilization of renewable resources for global succinate production. Exploration of such biotechnological route could be seen as an act of counterbalance to the continued fossil fuel dominance. Malaysia being a tropical country stands out among many other nations for its plenty of resources in the form of lignocellulosic biomass. To date, oil palm frond (OPF) contributes to the largest fraction of agricultural residues in Malaysia, while kenaf, a newly introduced fiber crop with relatively high growth rate, holds great potential for developing sustainable succinate production, apart from OPF. Utilization of non-food, inexhaustible, and low-cost derived biomass in the form of OPF and kenaf for bio-based succinate production remains largely untapped. Owing to the richness of carbohydrates in OPF and kenaf, bio-succinate commercialization using these sources appears as an attractive proposition for future sustainable developments. The aim of this paper was to review some research efforts in developing a biorefinery system based on OPF and kenaf as processing inputs. It presents the importance of the current progress in bio-succinate commercialization, in addition to describing the potential use of different succinate production hosts and various pretreatments-saccharifications under development for OPF and kenaf. Evaluations on the feasibility of OPF and kenaf as fermentation substrates are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdullah Amru Indera
authors.initials: AAI
authors.lastname: Luthfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.|Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shareena Fairuz Abdul
authors.initials: SFA
authors.lastname: Manaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosli Md
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Illias
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shuhaida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harun
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Wahab
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. jamal@ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Jamaliah Md
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-1668
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jahim
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008296:Malaysia; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013386:Succinates / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013386:Succinates; C036909:lignocellulose; D002244:Carbon; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Hydrolysis; Kenaf; OPF; Pretreatment; Succinate