title: Anti-inflammatory effect ofFumaria parvifloraleaves based on TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and antioxidant potential.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of leaves ofFumaria parviflora(F. parviflora) and underlying mechanisms by usingin vivomodels of inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150 - 200 g were used. Soxhlet ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves ofF. parviflora(EFP and AFP) were prepared. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 and activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leaves ofF. parviflorademonstrated significant (p<0.001) decrease in paw edema in carrageenan-induced paw edema method. It diminished the serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-1 levels and also significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The activity of CAT and GPx was increased in paw tissue. It also demonstrated significant decrease in granuloma formation in cotton pellet-induced granuloma method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leaves ofF. parviflorapossess anti-inflammatory activity as they inhibit various cytokines and have antioxidant effects and free radical scavenging activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, 584101, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fayazuddin
authors.affiliation: Chemical Research Unit, Department of research in Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Ompal
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Shariq Naeem
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Shagufta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Kafil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Carrageenan; Cytokines; Fumeria parviflora