title: An aerosol challenge model of tuberculosis in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New interventions for tuberculosis are urgently needed. Non-human primate (NHP) models provide the most relevant pre-clinical models of human disease and play a critical role in vaccine development. Models utilising Asian cynomolgus macaque populations are well established but the restricted genetic diversity of the Mauritian cynomolgus macaques may be of added value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mauritian cynomolgus macaques were exposed to a range of doses of M. tuberculosis delivered by aerosol, and the outcome was assessed using clinical, imaging and pathology-based measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All macaques developed characteristic clinical signs and disease features of tuberculosis (TB). Disease burden and the ability to control disease were dependent on exposure dose. Mauritian cynomolgus macaques showed less variation in pulmonary disease burden and total gross pathology scores within exposure dose groups than either Indian rhesus macaques or Chinese cynomolgus macaques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic homogeneity of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques makes them a potentially useful model of human tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.affiliation: The Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gleeson
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Basaraba
authors.affiliation: The Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gooch
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000502:physiology*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma