title: Clinical characterization ofin vivoinflammatory bowel disease with Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), affects over 1 million Americans and 2 million Europeans, and the incidence is increasing worldwide. While these diseases require unique medical care, the differentiation between UC and CD lacks a gold standard, and therefore relies on long term follow up, success or failure of existing treatment, and recurrence of the disease. Here, we present colonoscopy-coupled fiber optic probe-based Raman spectroscopy as a minimally-invasive diagnostic tool for IBD of the colon (UC and Crohn's colitis). This pilotin vivostudy of subjects with existing IBD diagnoses of UC (n = 8), CD (n = 15), and normal control (n = 8) aimed to characterize spectral signatures of UC and CD. Samples were correlated with tissue pathology markers and endoscopic evaluation. The collected spectra were processed and analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques to identify spectral markers and discriminate IBD and disease classes. Confounding factors including the presence of active inflammation and the particular colon segment measured were investigated and integrated into the devised prediction algorithm, reaching 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity to CD from thisin vivodata set. These results represent significant progress towards improved real-time classification for accurate and automatedin vivodetection and discrimination of IBD during colonoscopy procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Pence
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Sara N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77054, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Herline
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan-Jansen
keywords: (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics; (170.6935) Tissue characterization