title: Lignocellulose: A sustainable material to produce value-added products with a zero waste approach-A review.
abstract: A novel facility from the green technologies to integrate biomass-based carbohydrates, lignin, oils and other materials extraction and transformation into a wider spectrum of marketable and value-added products with a zero waste approach is reviewed. With ever-increasing scientific knowledge, worldwide economic and environmental consciousness, demands of legislative authorities and the manufacture, use, and removal of petrochemical-based by-products, from the last decade, there has been increasing research interests in the value or revalue of lignocellulose-based materials. The potential characteristics like natural abundance, renewability, recyclability, and ease of accessibility all around the year, around the globe, all makes residual biomass as an eco-attractive and petro-alternative candidate. In this context, many significant research efforts have been taken into account to change/replace petroleum-based economy into a bio-based economy, with an aim to develop a comprehensively sustainable, socially acceptable, and eco-friendly society. The present review work mainly focuses on various aspects of bio-refinery as a sustainable technology to process lignocellulose 'materials' into value-added products. Innovations in the bio-refinery world are providing, a portfolio of sustainable and eco-efficient products to compete in the market presently dominated by the petroleum-based products, and therefore, it is currently a subject of intensive research.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arevalo-Gallegos
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zanib
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asgher
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parra-Saldivar
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: hafiz.iqbal@my.westminster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hafiz M N
authors.initials: HMN
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Applications; Bio-refinery; Biological macromolecules; Green biotechnology; Lignocellulose