title: Robust watermarking in non-ROI of medical images based on DCT-DWT.
abstract: Increasing demand and utilization of telemedicine require transmission of medical information and images over internet. Since authenticity of received images is crucial and patient's information should be included with minimum changes in images, robust watermarking schemes are needed. In this paper, we propose a robust watermark method that embeds patient's information outside the region of interest (ROI) in medical image. In order to find appropriate regions for embedding, we use saliency as a means of measuring importance of regions and find blocks having minimum overlap with the ROI. The algorithm employs wavelet transform and also discrete cosine transform (DCT) domains in the embedding stage and redundantly embeds watermark to increase robustness against possible alterations. Moreover, voting is utilized in the extraction phase. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method and better results are obtained as compared to comparable methods with same size of the watermarked data.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samavi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: S M R
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Soroushmehr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Najarian
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D058067:Wavelet Analysis