title: Immune-related ocular toxicities in solid tumor patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.
abstract: Immune-related ocular toxicities are uncommon but serious adverse events that may be associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The objective of this review is to assess the incidence and risk of ocular toxicities which are potentially immune-related and occur with immune checkpoint treatment of solid tumors. Areas covered: PubMed database has been searched till June 2016. Prospective clinical trials reporting the occurrence of immune-related ocular toxicities in solid tumor patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were included. Eleven trials with 4965 participants were included. These studies included one study for ipilimumab and tremelimumab, three studies for nivolumab, five studies for pembrolizumab and one study comparing pembrolizumab to ipilimumab. No atezolizumab studies were included. The most common ocular toxicities reported with these agents included uveitis and dry eyes. Pooled analysis for odds ratio of all-grade immune-related ocular toxicities is 3.40 [95% CI: 1.32-8.71; P = 0.01]. Expert commentary: Despite being uncommon, immune-related ocular toxicities (particularly uveitis and dry eyes) occur with a higher frequency in cancer patients treated immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to those treated with control regimens.
authors.affiliation: a Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.|b Cancer research department , Swiss Cancer Institute , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
authors.affiliation: b Cancer research department , Swiss Cancer Institute , Zurich , Switzerland.|c Surgery department , Surgical Center Zurich - Hirslanden Hospital Zurich , Switzerland.|d Department of General , Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oweira
authors.affiliation: e OncoCentrum Zurich , Swiss Tumor Immunology Institute (SwissTII) , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Petrausch
authors.affiliation: f OncoCentrum Zurich , Gastrointestinal Tumor Center Zurich (GITZ) , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Helbling
authors.affiliation: d Department of General , Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: g Medical Oncology department , Center of Zug , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Meinrad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mannhart
authors.affiliation: f OncoCentrum Zurich , Gastrointestinal Tumor Center Zurich (GITZ) , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arianeb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.affiliation: d Department of General , Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Othmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schöb
authors.affiliation: b Cancer research department , Swiss Cancer Institute , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giryes
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D012306:Risk; D014605:Uveitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Pembrolizumab; atezolizumab; nivolumab; ocular toxicities