title: Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during an Alteration in Glycemic State in a Large Non-human Primate (Papio hamadryassp.).
abstract: Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during a hyperglycemic challenge were mapped, using perfusion-weighted MRI, in a group of non-human primates. Seven female baboons were fasted for 16 h prior to 1-h imaging experiment, performed under general anesthesia, that consisted of a 20-min baseline, followed by a bolus infusion of glucose (500 mg/kg). CBF maps were collected every 7 s and blood glucose and insulin levels were sampled at regular intervals. Blood glucose levels rose from 51.3 ± 10.9 to 203.9 ± 38.9 mg/dL and declined to 133.4 ± 22.0 mg/dL, at the end of the experiment. Regional CBF changes consisted of four clusters: cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon. Increases in the hypothalamic blood flow occurred concurrently with the regulatory response to systemic glucose change, whereas CBF declined for other clusters. The return to baseline of hypothalamic blood flow was observed while CBF was still increasing in other brain regions. The spatial pattern of extra-hypothalamic CBF changes was correlated with the patterns of several cerebral networks including the default mode network. These findings suggest that hypothalamic blood flow response to systemic glucose levels can potentially be explained by regulatory activity. The response of extra-hypothalamic clusters followed a different time course and its spatial pattern resembled that of the default-mode network.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MA, USA; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA; Southwest National Primate Research CenterSan Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kochunov
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wey
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California at Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA; Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Danny J J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ai-Ling
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research CenterSan Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Raul A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bastarrachea
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, TX, USA; Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia C R
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mattern
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research CenterSan Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Comuzzie
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kannapolis, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Venkata S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Voruganti
keywords: arterial spin labeling; cerebral blood flow; default state network; hyperglycemic challenge; perfusion imaging; resting state network