title: Evaluation of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and transforming growth factor-beta2 expression in bladder cancer tissue in comparison with healthy adjacent tissue.
abstract: The fifth most common cancer is allocated to bladder cancer (BC) worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of BC invasion and metastasis to identify target therapeutic strategies will improve disease survival. So the aim of this study was to measure expression rate of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) mRNA in tissue samples of patients with BC and its healthy adjacent tissue samples and their association with muscle invasion, size and grade of the tumor.
  
  
  
  Tissue samples were collected from 35 newly diagnosed untreated patients with BC from 2013 to 2014. Total RNA was extracted from about 50-mg tissue samples using TRIzol reagent. TAKARA SYBR Premix EX Tag II was applied to determine the rate of mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To obtain final validation, PCR product of ZEB1 and TGF-β2 were sequenced. STATA 11 software was used to analyze the data.
  
  
  
  The expression level of ZEB1 in tumor samples was significantly more than of in healthy adjacent tissue samples. Up-regulation of TGF-β2 showed a strong association with muscle invasion (p=0.017). There was also demonstrated a relationship between over expression of ZEB1 with the tumor size (p=0.050).
  
  
  
  It looks ZEB1 and TGF-β2 had a role in BC patients. In this study ZEB1 expression was higher in BC tissues than that of in healthy control tissues. There was demonstrated a markedly association between overexpression of TGF-β2 and muscle invasion. Therefore, they are supposed to be candidate as potential biomarkers for early detection and progression of BC.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahdavinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadegarazari
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Habibollah
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mousavi-Bahar
authors.affiliation: Modeling of Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poorolajal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amirzargar
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Asadabad Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hosein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Effatpanah
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saidijam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
keywords: Neoplasm grading; Transforming growth factor beta2; Urinary bladder neoplasms; ZEB1 protein