title: Biological therapies in nonsmall cell lung cancer.
abstract: Biological therapies have improved survival outcomes of advanced-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genotype-directed therapies have changed treatment paradigms of patients withEGFR-mutant andALK/ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas, and the list of druggable targets with demonstrated clinical actionability (BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK1andHER2) continues to expand. Furthermore, we have incrementally understood the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and foresee ways to effectively circumvent them, particularly at the immune checkpoint level. Drugs targeting the tumour immune-evasive PD-1 pathway have demonstrated remarkable treatment benefits in this disease, with a non-negligible fraction of patients potentially receiving long-term survival benefits. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of various medical disciplines in the management of advanced-stage NSCLC and review the most relevant biological therapies for this disease, with particular emphasis in genotype-directed therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Dept, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain.|Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas), Madrid, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.|These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zugazagoitia
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Dept, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain.|Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas), Madrid, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.|These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molina-Pinelo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.|Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez-Rios
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Dept, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain lpazaresr@seom.org.|Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas), Madrid, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.|Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paz-Ares
mesh_terms: D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000628:therapy*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors