title: Is positive thinking in anticipation of a performance situation better than distraction? An experimental study in preadolescents.
abstract: The current study compares the effects of experimentally induced positive anticipatory thinking and distraction in preadolescents aged 12-13. Eighty-seven participants were instructed to either engage in positive anticipatory thoughts or perform a distraction task while preparing to perform a sporting activity in front of their peers. Results revealed that trait social anxiety was associated with more negative estimates of sport performance and catastrophic thoughts relating to the impending sport activity. Additionally, compared to children who distracted, children in the positive anticipation condition showed significantly increased anxiety levels, more catastrophic thoughts and more negative predictions of sport performance and appearance, although these effects did not appear to interact with trait social anxiety. Finally, no significant manipulation effect on participants' observable behavior was found. The findings further highlight the utility of distracting from an impending, anxiety-provoking situation to keep anxious feelings to a low level.
authors.affiliation: University of Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Stephanos P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
authors.affiliation: University of Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brouzos
authors.affiliation: Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Haralambos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsorbatzoudis
authors.affiliation: University of Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tziouma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060805:Performance Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012919:Social Behavior; D013850:Thinking
keywords: Social anxiety; anticipatory processing; children; cognition; sport anxiety