title: Utilization of a combined EEG/NIRS system to predict driver drowsiness.
abstract: The large number of automobile accidents due to driver drowsiness is a critical concern of many countries. To solve this problem, numerous methods of countermeasure have been proposed. However, the results were unsatisfactory due to inadequate accuracy of drowsiness detection. In this study, we introduce a new approach, a combination of EEG and NIRS, to detect driver drowsiness. EEG, EOG, ECG and NIRS signals have been measured during a simulated driving task, in which subjects underwent both awake and drowsy states. The blinking rate, eye closure, heart rate, alpha and beta band power were used to identify subject's condition. Statistical tests were performed on EEG and NIRS signals to find the most informative parameters. Fisher's linear discriminant analysis method was employed to classify awake and drowsy states. Time series analysis was used to predict drowsiness. The oxy-hemoglobin concentration change and the beta band power in the frontal lobe were found to differ the most between the two states. In addition, these two parameters correspond well to an awake to drowsy state transition. A sharp increase of the oxy-hemoglobin concentration change, together with a dramatic decrease of the beta band power, happened several seconds before the first eye closure.
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
authors.forename: Thien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Sangtae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyojung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.|Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Gwan
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods; D000071826:Distracted Driving; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins