title: Fenestration closure with Amplatzer Duct Occluder II in patients after total cavo-pulmonary connection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Creation of a fenestration during completion of a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) has been associated with a reduction in early mortality and morbidity. However, the long-term benefits are negated by an associated limitation in exercise tolerance and the potential risks of thrombo-embolic complications. We sought to describe the safety and efficacy of an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADO II) for transcatheter fenestration closure following TCPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2000 and July 2014, 102 patients underwent percutaneous closure of extra-cardiac TCPC fenestrations with a range of devices. Patients in whom fenestration closure was performed with an ADO II and who had at least 6 months of follow-up were included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven patients had successful fenestration occlusion with an ADO II. The mean oxygen saturation and mean systemic venous pressures increased from 84.8 ±6.1% before to 97.6 ±2.9% (p< 0.001) after and from 14.2 ±2.15 mm Hg before to 15.6 ±2.2 mm Hg after closure (p< 0.001). Eight patients developed heart failure symptoms, managed by optimization of medical therapy, with 1 patient requiring device removal to reopen the fenestration. Color Doppler transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated residual flow across the device in 18 (38%), 10 (22%), 5 (11%) and 4 (9%) patients before discharge, at 1 and 6 months, and at the latest outpatient visit, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADO II can be safely and effectively used to close fenestrations in extra-cardiac type Fontan completions. Many of the design features of this device confer potential benefit in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Góreczny
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dryżek
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazurek-Kula
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shakeel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moszura
keywords: congenital heart disease; new devices; percutaneous intervention