title: Impacts of human activities on the spatial distribution and sources of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
abstract: The concentrations and compositions of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in sediments and suspended particulate matters (SPM) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were investigated. The mean concentrations of PCNs were 7.15 ± 19.3 ng/g dw in the sediment and 38.1 ± 58.4 ng/g dw in SPM. Tri- and tetra-CNs were the dominant homologue groups in most samples. CN-23 was the predominant congener at all sites, and its presence may be attributed to coal combustion. Combustion indicators showed that local combustion source was the main contributor to the PCN concentrations. These sources were related to the energy structure of this region, where coal is the most important energy resource. Human activities, including industrial thermal processes and reservoir construction, were major factors affecting PCN levels and hydrological conditions, which strongly influenced the environmental fate of PCNs in the Yellow River.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
authors.forename: Qilu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
authors.forename: Xianghui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Zhineng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Kechang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China. Electronic address: xfsu8008@126.com.
authors.forename: Xianfa
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China. Electronic address: sunjhhj@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D009281:Naphthalenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Polychlorinated naphthalenes; Sediment; Suspended particulate matter; The Yellow River