title: Anti-Biofilm Activity of a Long-Chain Fatty Aldehyde from AntarcticPseudoalteromonas haloplanktisTAC125 againstStaphylococcus epidermidisBiofilm.
abstract: Staphylococcus epidermidisis a harmless human skin colonizer responsible for ~20% of orthopedic device-related infections due to its capability to form biofilm. Nowadays there is an interest in the development of anti-biofilm molecules. Marine bacteria represent a still underexploited source of biodiversity able to synthesize a broad range of bioactive compounds, including anti-biofilm molecules. Previous results have demonstrated that the culture supernatant of Antarctic marine bacteriumPseudoalteromonas haloplanktisTAC125 impairs the formation ofS. epidermidisbiofilm. Further, evidence supports the hydrophobic nature of the active molecule, which has been suggested to act as a signal molecule. In this paper we describe an efficient activity-guided purification protocol which allowed us to purify this anti-biofilm molecule and structurally characterize it by NMR and mass spectrometry analyses. Our results demonstrate that the anti-biofilm molecule is pentadecanal, a long-chain fatty aldehyde, whose anti-S. epidermidisbiofilm activity has been assessed using both static and dynamic biofilm assays. The specificity of its action onS. epidermidisbiofilm has been demonstrated by testing chemical analogs of pentadecanal differing either in the length of the aliphatic chain or in their functional group properties. Further, indications of the mode of action of pentadecanal have been collected by studying the bioluminescence of aVibrio harveyireporter strain for the detection of autoinducer AI-2 like activities. The data collected suggest that pentadecanal acts as an AI-2 signal. Moreover, the aldehyde metabolic role and synthesis in the Antarctic source strain has been investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of an anti-biofilm molecule form from cold-adapted bacteria and on the action of a long-chain fatty aldehyde acting as an anti-biofilm molecule againstS. epidermidis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sannino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziaco
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tilotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Selan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corsaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tutino
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Artini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ermenegilda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parrilli
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D006714:Homoserine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007783:Lactones; C091088:N-octanoylhomoserine lactone; C003061:pentadecanal; D006714:Homoserine
keywords: Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125; Staphylococcus epidermidis; anti-biofilm; long fatty acid aldehyde; quorum sensing