title: Shadow analysis via the C+K Visioline: A technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research investigated the ability of shadow analysis (via the Courage + Khazaka Visioline and Image Pro Premiere 9.0 software) to accurately assess the differences in skin topography associated with photo aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were performed on impressions collected from a microfinish comparator scale (GAR Electroforming) as well a series of impressions collected from the crow's feet region of 9 women who represent each point on the Zerweck Crow's Feet classification scale. Analyses were performed using a Courage + Khazaka Visioline VL 650 as well as Image Pro Premiere 9.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shadow analysis showed an ability to accurately measure the groove depth when measuring impressions collected from grooves of known depth. Several shadow analysis parameters showed a correlation with the expert grader ratings of crow's feet when averaging measurements taken from the North and South directions. The Max Depth parameter in particular showed a strong correlation with the expert grader's ratings which improved when a more sophisticated analysis was performed using Image Pro Premiere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When used properly, shadow analysis is effective at accurately measuring skin surface impressions for differences in skin topography. Shadow analysis is shown to accurately assess the differences across a range of crow's feet severity correlating to a 0-8 grader scale. The Visioline VL 650 is a good tool for this measurement, with room for improvement in analysis which can be achieved through third party image analysis software.
authors.affiliation: cyberDERM, inc., Broomall, PA, USA.|University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Houser
authors.affiliation: cyberDERM, inc., Broomall, PA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zerweck
authors.affiliation: cyberDERM, inc., Broomall, PA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wickett
mesh_terms: D046169:Dermoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D013499:Surface Properties
keywords: anti-aging; crow's feet; optical profilometry; replica; shadow analysis; skin; skin surface topography; wrinkle analysis