title: Chromosome Painting in Callicebus nigrifrons Provides Insights into the Genome Evolution of Titi Monkeys and the Ancestral Callicebinae Karyotype.
abstract: We studied the chromosomes of Callicebus nigrifrons with conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods. Our chromosome painting analysis in C. nigrifrons together with previous reports allowed us to hypothesize an ancestral Callicebinae karyotype with 2n = 48. The associations of human chromosomes (HSA) 2/22, 7/15, 10/11, and the inverted HSA2/16 would link Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus and would thus be present in the ancestral Callicebinae karyotype. Four fusions (HSA1b/1c, 3c/8b, 13/20, and 14/15/3/21) and 1 fission (HSA2/22) are synapomorphies of Callicebus. The associations HSA3/15 and HSA3/9 are chromosome features linking Callicebus and Cheracebus, whereas the association HSA13/17 would represent a link between Callicebus and the moloch group (Plecturocebus). Only 6 of the 33 recognized titi monkey species have now been painted with human chromosome-specific probes. Further analyses are needed to clarify the phylogenomic relationships in this species-rich group.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naiara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereira Araújo
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alves do Espírito Santo
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: do Socorro Pereira
authors.forename: Roscoe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanyon
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svartman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D020223:Chromosome Painting / Q000379:methods*; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D059785:Karyotype; D053820:Pitheciidae / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Banding patterns; Chromosome rearrangements; Comparative molecular cytogenetics; Platyrrhini