title: Antioxidant Activity of the Lignins Derived from Fluidized-Bed Fast Pyrolysis.
abstract: A challenge in recent years has been the rational use of forest and agriculture residues for the production of bio-fuel, biochemical, and other bioproducts. In this study, potentially useful compounds from pyrolytic lignins were identified by HPLC-MS/MS and untargeted metabolomics. The metabolites identified were 2-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol, benzyl benzoate, fisetinidol, phenyllactic acid, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 6,3'-dimethoxyflavone, and vanillin. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and total phenolics content (TPC) per gram of pyrolytic lignin ranged from 14 to 503 mg ascorbic acid equivalents, 35 to 277 mg trolox equivalents, and 0.42 to 50 mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. A very significant correlation was observed between the DPPH and TPC (r= 0.8663,p≤ 0.0001), TEAC and TPC (r= 0.8044,p≤ 0.0001), and DPPH and TEAC (r= 0.8851,p≤ 0.0001). The polyphenolic compounds in the pyrolytic lignins which are responsible for radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties can be readily profiled with HPLC-MS/MS combined with untargeted metabolomics. The results also suggest that DPPH, TEAC, and TPC assays are suitable methods for the measurement of antioxidant activity in a variety of pyrolytic lignins. These data show that the pyrolytic lignins can be considered as promising sources of natural antioxidants and value-added chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. soq823@mail.usask.ca.|Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Great Lake Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. soq823@mail.usask.ca.
authors.forename: Sohail S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), University of Western Ontario, 22312, Wonderland Road N, Ilderton, ON N0M 2A0, Canada. dli86@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Dongbing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), University of Western Ontario, 22312, Wonderland Road N, Ilderton, ON N0M 2A0, Canada. cbriens@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briens
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), University of Western Ontario, 22312, Wonderland Road N, Ilderton, ON N0M 2A0, Canada. fberruti@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berruti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. mamdouh.abouzaid@canada.ca.|Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Great Lake Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. mamdouh.abouzaid@canada.ca.
authors.forename: Mamdouh M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abou-Zaid
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001704:Biopolymers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008031:Lignin
keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; antioxidants; bio-oils; bioactive compounds; biomass; free-radical scavenging activity; metabolomics; phenolics; pyrolytic lignins; value-added chemicals