title: Gold nanoparticles based solid-phase microextraction coatings for determining organochlorine pesticides in aqueous environmental samples.
abstract: The use of solid-phase microextraction coatings based on gold nanoparticles was investigated, focusing the attention on the preparation of nanoparticles with nonclassical reduction agents of HAuCl4such as gallic acid and H2O2, rather than the conventional sodium citrate. All nanoparticles were characterized by diode array spectroscopy, whereas novel nanoparticles prepared with gallic acid and H2O2were also characterized by microscopic techniques. Solid-phase microextraction coatings were prepared with a layer-by-layer approach. Gallic acid permitted the preparation of stable nanoparticles with milder experimental conditions (1 min, room temperature) and provided the most uniform coatings (thickness ∼3 μm). Seven organochlorine pesticides were determined in different environmental waters using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Despite the low thickness of the coatings, limits of detection of the entire method down to 0.13 μg/L were obtained. A comparison with the commercial polyacrylate in terms of the partition coefficients of the analytes to the coatings gave logarithm of the partition coefficient values two times higher with gallic acid than polyacrylate (although the commercial fiber is 28 times thicker). Interfiber relative standard deviation values ranged from 8.67 to 21.3%. Optimum fibers also presented an adequate lifetime (>100 extractions).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Serpa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocío-Bautista
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Abizanda
keywords: environmental water analysis; gold nanoparticles; organochlorine pesticides; solid-phase microextraction