title: A novel role of fragile X mental retardation protein in pre-mRNA alternative splicing through RNA-binding protein 14.
abstract: Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an important RNA-binding protein responsible for fragile X syndrome, is involved in posttranscriptional control of gene expression that links with brain development and synaptic functions. Here, we reveal a novel role of FMRP in pre-mRNA alternative splicing, a general event of posttranscriptional regulation. Using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays, we identified that FMRP interacts with an alternative-splicing-associated protein RNA-binding protein 14 (RBM14) in a RNA-dependent fashion, and the two proteins partially colocalize in the nuclei of hippocampal neurons. We show that the relative skipping/inclusion ratio of the micro-exon L in the Protrudin gene and exon 10 in the Tau gene decreased in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. Knockdown of either FMRP or RBM14 alters the relative skipping/inclusion ratio of Protrudin and Tau in cultured Neuro-2a cells, similar to that in the Fmr1 KO mice. Furthermore, overexpression of FMRP leads to an opposite pattern of the splicing, which can be offset by RBM14 knockdown. RNA immunoprecipitation assays indicate that FMRP promotes RBM14's binding to the mRNA targets. In addition, overexpression of the long form of Protrudin or the short form of Tau promotes protrusion growth of the retinoic acid-treated, neuronal-differentiated Neuro-2a cells. Together, these data suggest a novel function of FMRP in the regulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing through RBM14 that may be associated with normal brain function and FMRP-related neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Tao
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Shun-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Xuan
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Mei
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China. Electronic address: yyh168@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China. Electronic address: longyuesheng@gzhmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yue-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: FMRP; RBM14; alternative splicing; fragile X syndrome; posttranscriptional regulation