title: Extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic in the 21st century: Demographic and diagnostic factors affecting the likelihood of extraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to report contemporary orthodontic extraction frequencies at a university center and to investigate what patient-related factors might influence the likelihood of extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 2184 consecutive patients treated at the University of North Carolina from 2000 to 2011 were analyzed. Year-by-year rates for overall orthodontic extractions and for extraction of 4 first premolars were calculated. Logistic regression, adjusting for all recorded patient risk factors for extraction, was used to examine both the changes in extraction frequencies over time and the influence of individual patient factors on the odds of extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small linear decreases in orthodontic extraction frequency overall (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95) and in extraction of 4 first premolars (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99) were seen. The overall extraction rate was 37.4% in 2000, and it fell just below 25% from 2006 onward. Four first premolar extraction rates ranged from 8.9% to 16.5%. Extractions were significantly more likely as crowding and overjet increased (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.14-1.25; OR, 1.1; 95% CI. 1.07-1.19), as overbite decreased (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89), with Class II dental or skeletal relationships (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.12- 2.05; OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.04-1.85), and for nonwhite patients (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.2-4.06 for other races; OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 3.03-5.66 for African Americans).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extractions were just as likely to be associated with Class II dental and skeletal problems and with open-bite problems as with crowding alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Electronic address: tatejackson@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Tate H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Carpentras, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Feng-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Proffit
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthodontics and Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Ching-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*