title: Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract inhibits Der p2-induced inflammatory response through alleviation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nuclear factor Kappa B, and inflammasome expression in human bronchial epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) and Angelica sinensis (AS), widely used in several folk medicine for wound, pus discharge and dermatitis for the history of several hundred years in Asian countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic effect of LE and AS on Der p2-induced inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of Der p2 stimulation on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the inflammasome (specifically, the apoptosis speck-like protein [ASC] and nod-like receptor 3 [NLRP3]), Caspase-1 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathway were evaluated in the human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that LE, AS, and LE+AS reduced TSLP, I kappa B kinase-α, and NLRP3 levels; LE and AS reduced Caspase-1; LE and LE+AS also reduced NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, ASC, and STAT3 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both LE and AS aqueous extracts exert anti-inflammatory effects in Der p2-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. These effects may involve multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of TSLP production as well as the suppression of IKKα, Caspase-1 and NLRP3; however, additional studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan. Electronic address: vernayen@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Chung-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. Electronic address: wdc@thu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Dee
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. Electronic address: upsing327@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shang-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Brion Research Institute, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan. Electronic address: ktwang@sunten.com.tw.
authors.forename: Kun-Teng
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan. Electronic address: enchih@mmc.edu.tw.
authors.forename: En-Chih
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. Electronic address: clhsieh@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Ching-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens; D029969:Angelica; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D029684:Lithospermum; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C451163:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 2; D058847:Inflammasomes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C402202:PYCARD protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D020170:Caspase 1; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: Angelica sinensis; Inflammasome; Lithospermum erythrorhizon; NF-κB; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin