title: The Neuroprotective Effects of Brazilian Green Propolis on Neurodegenerative Damage in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells.
abstract: Oxidative stress and synapse dysfunction are the major neurodegenerative damage correlated to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have found that Brazilian green propolis (propolis) improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairment patients living at high altitude; however, mechanism underlying the effects of propolis is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of propolis on oxidative stress, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), the critical factors of synapse efficacy, using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with propolis significantly ameliorated the hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, propolis significantly reduced the H2O2-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from mitochondria and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG, the DNA oxidative damage marker) but significantly reversed the fibrillarβ-amyloid and IL-1β-impaired BDNF-induced Arc expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, propolis significantly upregulated BDNF mRNA expression in time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, propolis induced Arc mRNA and protein expression via phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K). These observations strongly suggest that propolis protects from the neurodegenerative damage in neurons through the properties of various antioxidants. The present study provides a potential molecular mechanism of Brazilian green propolis in prevention of cognitive impairment in AD as well as aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4910-9037
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Qinghai Provincial Hospital, Xining 810007, China.
authors.forename: Aiqin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Qinghai Provincial Hospital, Xining 810007, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Qinghai Provincial Hospital, Xining 810007, China.
authors.forename: Shizheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D009410:Nerve Degeneration; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; C579455:BDNF protein, human; D011429:Propolis