title: Immune Cell Responses and Mucosal Barrier Disruptions in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common presentations of upper airway illness and severely affects patient quality of life. Its frequency is not surprising given levels of environmental exposure to microbes, pollutants, and allergens. Inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, and airway remodeling have been detected in the sinonasal mucosae of CRS patients, although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms causing such persistent inflammation remain unclear. Given its high prevalence and considerable associated morbidity, continued research into CRS is necessary to increase our understanding of factors likely to contribute to its pathogenesis, and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding immune cell responses and epithelial alterations in CRS.
authors.affiliation: Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
authors.forename: Roza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khalmuratova
authors.affiliation: Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shin
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; Cytokines; Eosinophils; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Nasal mucosa; Nasal polyps