title: Neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers inhibit inflammation in LPS-stimulated macrophages through suppression of MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
abstract: Neoagaro-oligosaccharides derived from agarose have been demonstrated to possess a variety of biological activities, such as anti-bacteria and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we mainly explored the inhibitory effects and the mechanisms of neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The results indicated that neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers especially neoagarotetraose could significantly reduce the production and release of NO in LPS-induced macrophages. Neoagarotetraose significantly suppressed the expression and secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. The inhibition mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of the activation of p38MAPK, Ras/MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, neoagarotetraose may attenuate the inflammatory responses through downregulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In summary, the marine-derived neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers merit further investigation as novel anti-inflammation agents in the future.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wenjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xiangzhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005697:Galactosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D005697:Galactosides; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C508600:IL6 protein, human; C081798:neoagarotetraose; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse