title: Analysis of microbial diversity in Shenqu with different fermentation times by PCR-DGGE.
abstract: Shenqu is a fermented product that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat indigestion; however, the microbial strains in the fermentation process are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial diversity in Shenqu using different fermentation time periods. DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) profiles indicated that a strain of Pediococcus acidilactici (band 9) is the predominant bacteria during fermentation and that the predominant fungi were uncultured Rhizopus, Aspergillus oryzae, and Rhizopus oryzae. In addition, pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Erwinia billingiae, and Pantoea vagan were detected in Shenqu. DGGE analysis showed that bacterial and fungal diversity declined over the course of fermentation. This determination of the predominant bacterial and fungal strains responsible for fermentation may contribute to further Shenqu research, such as optimization of the fermentation process.
authors.affiliation: Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Processing Theory Analysis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Processing Theory Analysis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Tianzhu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Processing Theory Analysis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Jiangning
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Processing Theory Analysis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Processing Theory Analysis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Processing Theory Analysis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Pengpeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D058448:Biota; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005285:Fermentation; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Microbial diversity; Molecular cloning; PCR-DGGE; Shenqu