title: The building of the neocortex with non-hyperpolarizing neurotransmitters.
abstract: The development of the neocortex requires the synergic action of several secreted molecules to achieve the right amount of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural cells. Neurons are well known to release neurotransmitters (NTs) in adult and a growing body of evidences describes the presence of NTs already in the embryonic brain, long before the generation of synapses. NTs are classified as inhibitory or excitatory based on the physiological responses of the target neuron. However, this view is challenged by the fact that glycine and GABA NTs are excitatory during development. Many reviews have described the role of nonhyperpolarizing GABA at this stage. Nevertheless, a global consideration of the inhibitory neurotransmitters and their downstream signaling during the embryonic cortical development is still needed. For example, taurine, the most abundant neurotransmitter during development is poorly studied regarding its role during cortical development. In the light of recent discoveries, we will discuss the functions of glycine, GABA, and taurine during embryonic cortical development with an emphasis on their downstream signaling. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1023-1037, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Anagni (FR), Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3939-4516
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ascenzi
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.|Université de Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bony
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: GABAergic neurons; cortical development; downstream signaling; inhibitory neurotransmitters; neuronal migration; taurine