title: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of emerging organic chemicals in urban rivers: Guangzhou as a case study in China.
abstract: Urban rivers may receive contamination from various sources including point sources like domestic sewage and nonpoint sources (e.g., runoff), resulting in contamination with various chemicals. This study investigated the occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (3 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), and 17 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)) in six urban rivers of a representative subtropical city, Guangzhou (southern China). Our results showed that EDCs and personal care products were frequently detected in the water phase and sediment phase. 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was the most predominant compound with the highest concentration of 5050ng/L in the water phase and 14,400ng/g dry weight (dw) in the sediment. Generally, higher total concentrations of EDCs and PPCPs were detected in the four urban streams compared to the main stream Zhujiang River and the Liuxi River at the suburb area. A screening-level risk assessment showed that 4-nonylphenol and triclosan (TCS) pose potential risks to aquatic organisms in most sampling sites. For individual taxa, 4-NP may pose risks to various groups of aquatic organisms, while TCS only might pose high risks to algae.
  Higher contamination of EDCs and PPCPs was observed in rivers in urban area; 4-nonylphenol and triclosan showed RQs>1 in >70% of the reported area.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Jiao
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Gui
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Nai-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ronja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Windfeld
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvito
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Selck
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: paul.vandenbrink@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van den Brink
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: guang-guo.ying@gig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Guo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Ecological risk assessment; Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs); Occurrence; Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs); Urban rivers