title: The Need for Faster Insulin.
abstract: Considerable progress in treatment of diabetes has been made in the nearly 100 years following the discovery of insulin, and advances in insulin therapy have improved convenience, quality of life, overall glycemic control (A1C), and risk of hypoglycemia. An unmet need remains for a mealtime insulin that can faithfully reproduce the metabolic profile that ensues following meal ingestion in healthy persons. A number of "ultra-fast" insulin programs have been initiated, and Afrezza® (insulin human; Inhalation Powder, MannKind Corporation, Danbury, CT) stands as the first such product to be approved by the US FDA. Afrezza is unique as an "ultra-ultra" fast insulin, faster than any other entrant except IV insulin. The benefits and limitations of the Afrezza profile are discussed in this analysis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Kinexum Services, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Muchmore
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Afrezza; insulin pharmacokinetics; pulmonary insulin; ultrafast insulin