title: A Family of Single Copy repABC-Type Shuttle Vectors Stably Maintained in the Alpha-Proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti.
abstract: A considerable share of bacterial species maintains segmented genomes. Plant symbiotic α-proteobacterial rhizobia contain up to six repABC-type replicons in addition to the primary chromosome. These low or unit-copy replicons, classified as secondary chromosomes, chromids, or megaplasmids, are exclusively found in α-proteobacteria. Replication and faithful partitioning of these replicons to the daughter cells is mediated by the repABC region. The importance of α-rhizobial symbiotic nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture and Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation as a tool in plant sciences has increasingly moved biological engineering of these organisms into focus. Plasmids are ideal DNA-carrying vectors for these engineering efforts. On the basis of repABC regions collected from α-rhizobial secondary replicons, and origins of replication derived from traditional cloning vectors, we devised the versatile family of pABC shuttle vectors propagating in Sinorhizobium meliloti, related members of the Rhizobiales, and Escherichia coli. A modular plasmid library providing the elemental parts for pABC vector assembly was founded. The standardized design of these vectors involves five basic modules: (1) repABC cassette, (2) plasmid-derived origin of replication, (3) RK2/RP4 mobilization site (optional), (4) antibiotic resistance gene, and (5) multiple cloning site flanked by transcription terminators. In S. meliloti, pABC vectors showed high propagation stability and unit-copy number. We demonstrated stable coexistence of three pABC vectors in addition to the two indigenous megaplasmids in S. meliloti, suggesting combinability of multiple compatible pABC plasmids. We further devised an in vivo cloning strategy involving Cre/lox-mediated translocation of large DNA fragments to an autonomously replicating repABC-based vector, followed by conjugation-mediated transfer either to compatible rhizobia or E. coli.
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Döhlemann
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Happel
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology of Microbial Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sobetzko
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology of Microbial Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thanbichler
authors.affiliation: LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg, 35043, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4561-9184
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012093:Replicon / Q000235:genetics*; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases
keywords: Cre/loxP; Rhizobiales; Sinorhizobium; in vivo cloning; plasmid cloning vehicle; repABC