title: Shisha (waterpipe) smoking initiation among youth in Malaysia and global perspective: a scoping review (2006-2015).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the initiating factors of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analytic framework for this scoping review was performed using the methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, which includes identification of the research question, study selection, charting the data, collating, summarizing and reporting the results that were primarily guided by the research question; 'what is known about the initiation of shisha smoking among youth?'
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases such as Cochrane, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were used to search for relevant articles. Articles included were all in English and published within the year of 2006 to 2015. Inclusion criteria; i) age range of 10 to 29 years; ii) examined the reasons why youth started or tried WTS; iii) in full text. Therefore, 26 articles were included in this scoping review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review has identified and classified the initiating factors of WTS among youth in four subtopics: individual factors, interpersonal influences, cigarettes and alcohol use, and media influences. Individual factors and interpersonal influences played an important role in initiation factors of WTS among youth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study concludes that public health professionals within the Southeast Asia region need to promote innovative preventive measures through peer-to-peer led interventions that are also easily assessable on social media platforms. The public health messages need to address the misconceptions of risk associated to WTS use.
authors.affiliation: Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: sangeeta.singh@monash.edu.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Enzhong
authors.affiliation: Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Reidpath
authors.affiliation: Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allotey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008296:Malaysia; D010379:Peer Group; D011634:Public Health; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012931:Social Environment; D061108:Social Media; D062789:Tobacco Products; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hookah; Malaysia; Shisha; Smoking; Waterpipe tobacco smoking; Youth