title: Exosome secretion affects social motility in Trypanosoma brucei.
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by pathogens function in a variety of biological processes. Here, we demonstrate that in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, exosome secretion is induced by stress that affects trans-splicing. Following perturbations in biogenesis of spliced leader RNA, which donates its spliced leader (SL) exon to all mRNAs, or after heat-shock, the SL RNA is exported to the cytoplasm and forms distinct granules, which are then secreted by exosomes. The exosomes are formed in multivesicular bodies (MVB) utilizing the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), through a mechanism similar to microRNA secretion in mammalian cells. Silencing of the ESCRT factor, Vps36, compromised exosome secretion but not the secretion of vesicles derived from nanotubes. The exosomes enter recipient trypanosome cells. Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that cells secreting exosomes or purified intact exosomes affect social motility (SoMo). This study demonstrates that exosomes are delivered to trypanosome cells and can change their migration. Exosomes are used to transmit stress signals for communication between parasites.
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eliaz
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Sriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Hadassa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shaked
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arvatz
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Itai Dov
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Tkacz
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Hiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldman Ben-Asher
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Uthman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Okalang
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chikne
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Smadar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen-Chalamish
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan Israel.
authors.forename: Shulamit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michaeli
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000378:metabolism*