title: Hyaluronic acid and phospholipid interactions useful for repaired articular cartilage surfaces-a mini review toward tribological surgical adjuvants.
abstract: This mini review is focused on the emerging nexus between the medical device and pharmaceutical industries toward the treatment of damaged articular cartilage. The physical rationale of hyaluronic acid and phospholipid preparations as tribological surgical adjuvants for repaired articular cartilage surfaces is explored, with directions for possible new research which have arisen due to the therapeutic advance of the physiochemical scalpel. Because synovial joint lubrication regimes become dysfunctional at articular cartilage lesion sites as a result of the regional absence of the surface active phospholipid layer and its inability to reform without surgical repair, hyaluronic acid and phospholipid intra-articular injections have yielded inconsistent efficacy outcomes and only short-term therapeutic benefits mostly due to non-tribological effects. Parameters for hydrophobic-polar type interactions as applied to the lubricating properties of normal and osteoarthritic synovial fluid useful for repaired articular cartilage surfaces are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, PL Poland.
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University in Bialystok, Bialystok, PL Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petelska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, PL Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beldowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, NuOrtho Surgical, Inc., Boston, MA USA.
authors.forename: Wayne K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Augé
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Delaware State University, Dover, USA.
authors.forename: Tahlia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: Biovico sp z.o.o, Gdynia, PL Poland.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walczak
authors.affiliation: Biovico sp z.o.o, Gdynia, PL Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, PL Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadomski
keywords: Amphiphiles; Biomedical applications; Colloids; Hydrogels; Micelles; Nanocomposites