title: Association of diabetes mellitus and structural changes in the central nervous system in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between diabetes and academic performance have been of great interest to researchers during the year to date. Many studies have been conducted to discover this relationship during three recent decades. But, evaluation of the structural changes of brain in the context of diabetes is of paramount importance especially in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a systematic review conducted to investigate the structural changes in the central nervous system in children and adolescents living with diabetes. Among about 500 papers published in this area in Pubmed and SCOPUS, 13 articles in the field of assessing structural changes in the central nervous system in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus were entered into the evaluation process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As can be seen in these studies, a huge proportion of structures of the central nervous system have been affected by diabetes that include different areas of gray and white matters. In the majority of these studies, it has become clear that high glycemic changes, especially recurrent hyperglycemic attacks are very seriously associated with structural changes in the brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems the findings of this review can positively aid other researchers to develop medical guidelines to prevent or resolve the brain changes in central nervous structure and consequently cognitive impairments in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourabbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Rouzbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tehrani-Doost
authors.affiliation: Faculty of psychology and education, Allameh Tabataba'ee university, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soqra Ebrahimi
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Qavam
authors.affiliation: Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Masoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Arzaghi
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shari'ati Hospital, North Kargar St., Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani