title: Fear of Hypoglycemia, Parenting Stress, and Metabolic Control for Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents.
abstract: This study sets out to extend current knowledge of parenting stress and fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) in parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We examined if the relationship between parental and children's FoH and metabolic control, as reflected by HbA1c, is mediated by parenting stress. A total of 63 parents and children with T1DM were recruited during their routine physician's appointment. Parents completed questionnaires on parenting stress and FoH. Children eight years and older also completed a questionnaire on FoH. HbA1c values were obtained from all children. Mediation analysis revealed an indirect association between parental FoH and HbA1c values through parenting stress (Sobel's z = 2.42, p = .02), but no indirect association between children's FoH and HbA1c. We concluded that parental FOH has an indirect association with the child's metabolic control that is mediated by parenting stress. More simply, fear of hypoglycemia predicts parent stress, which in turn, predicts metabolic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium. ann-sofie.viaene@kuleuven.be.|PraxisP, KU Leuven, Leopold Vanderkelenstraat 32, box 3764, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. ann-sofie.viaene@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Viaene
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, Thomas More University College, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Daele
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bleys
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Massa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001530:Belgium; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Fear of hypoglycemia; Metabolic control; Parenting stress; Type 1 diabetes mellitus