title: Pesticide metabolite and oxidative stress in male farmers exposed to pesticide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and isoprostane which has been used as an index of lipid injury, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which has been used as an index of DNA damage, and dialkyl-phosphate (DAP), which has been used to quantify pesticide exposure, and to investigate the relationship between pesticide exposure and oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 84 male farmers exposure to pesticide. In this study, 8-OHdG, isoprostane, and MDA were measured as oxidative stress indices, and dialkyl-phosphate (dimethylphosphate(DMP), diethylphosphate(DEP), dimethylthiophosphate(DMTP), and diethylthiophosphate (DETP)) excreted in the urine was also measured to evaluate pesticide exposure. A linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between pesticide metabolites, and oxidative stress biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Correlation analysis was performed for pesticide exposure month (PEI), cumulative exposure index (CEI), and DAP as well as the concentration of the oxidative stress biomarkers. The PEM significantly and positively correlated to the levels of 8-OHdG, isoprostane, CEI, and DMP. CEI showed a correlation to 8-OHdG and PEM. DMP, DEP, and DETP showed a positive correlation to 8-OHdG, isoprostane, and MDA. A correlation analysis was adjusted some demographic characteristics, such as age, smoking, drinking, and exercise to determine the relationship between pesticide exposure and oxidative stress. The 8-OHdG, isoprostane, and MDA levels were significantly related to the DMP (ß = 0.320), DEP (ß = 0.390), and DETP (ß = 0.082); DMP (ß = 0.396), DEP (ß = 0.508), and DETP (ß = 0.504); and DMP (ß = 0.432), DEP (ß = 0.508), and DETP (ß = 0.329) levels, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration between oxidative stress biomarkers and the pesticide metabolite were a positive correlation. Indicators of oxidative stress was associated with a pesticide metabolite DMP, DEP, and DETP. Therefore, Pesticide exposure and oxidative stress were relevant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Myoung
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei Unversity, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Yoo
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungsuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei Unversity, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei Unversity, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Baek
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5609-6521
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ko
keywords: Oxidative stress; Pesticide exposure; Pesticide metabolite