title: Temperament factors and dimensional, latent bifactor models of child psychopathology: Transdiagnostic and specific associations in two youth samples.
abstract: Common emotional and behavioral symptoms co-occur and are associated with core temperament factors. This study investigated links between temperament and dimensional, latent psychopathology factors, including a general common psychopathology factor (p factor) and specific latent internalizing and externalizing liabilities, as captured by a bifactor model, in two independent samples of youth. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that temperament factors of negative affectivity (NA), positive affectivity (PA), and effortful control (EC) could serve as both transdiagnostic and specific risks in relation to recent bifactor models of child psychopathology. Sample 1 included 571 youth (average age 13.6, SD =2.37, range 9.3-17.5) with both youth and parent report. Sample 2 included 554 preadolescent children (average age 7.7, SD =1.35, range =5-11 years) with parent report. Structural equation modeling showed that the latent bifactor models fit in both samples. Replicated in both samples, the p factor was associated with lower EC and higher NA (transdiagnostic risks). Several specific risks replicated in both samples after controlling for co-occurring symptoms via the p factor: internalizing was associated with higher NA and lower PA, lower EC related to externalizing problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. Electronic address: hankinb@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hankin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Elysia Poggi
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
authors.forename: Jami F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Curt A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sandman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011599:Psychopathology; D000068356:Self-Control / Q000523:psychology; D013694:Temperament
keywords: Bifactor latent models; Child psychopathology; P factor; Risk