title: Novel Pattern Recognition Receptor Protects Shrimp by Preventing Bacterial Colonization and Promoting Phagocytosis.
abstract: The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns is accomplished by the recognition modules of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) represent the two most universal categories of recognition modules. In the current study, we identified a novel soluble and bacteria-inducible PRR comprising LRRs and a CTLD from the hepatopancreas of kuruma shrimpMarsupenaeus japonicusand named it Leulectin. The module arrangement of Leulectin is unique among all organisms. Both modules, together with the whole molecule, protected shrimp againstVibrioinfection. By screening the pathogen-associated molecular patterns that shrimp might encounter, Leulectin was found to senseVibrioflagellin through the LRRs and to recognize LPS through CTLD. The LRR-flagellin interaction was confirmed by pull-down and far-Western assays and was found to rely on the fourth LRR of Leulectin and the N terminus of flagellin. The recognition of LPS was determined by the long loop region of CTLD in a calcium-independent manner. By sensing the flagellin, LRRs could prevent its attachment to shrimp cells, thereby inhibitingVibriocolonization. With the ability to recognize LPS, CTLD could agglutinate the bacteria and promote hemocytic phagocytosis. Our study clearly showed the division of labor and the synergy between different recognition modules and provided new insights into the concept of pattern recognition and the function of soluble PRRs in the antibacterial response.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; and wangxianwei@sdu.edu.cn jxwang@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xian-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; and.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; and.
authors.forename: Ji-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; and.
authors.forename: Zhen-Xu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3732-8275
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; and.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fan
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; and wangxianwei@sdu.edu.cn jxwang@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000276:immunology; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D014733:Vibrio
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition