title: Chemosensory danger detection in the human brain: Body odor communicating aggression modulates limbic system activation.
abstract: Although the sense of smell is involved in numerous survival functions, the processing of body odor emitted by dangerous individuals is far from understood. The aim of the study was to explore how human fight chemosignals communicating aggression can alter brain activation related to an attentional bias and danger detection. While the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was seen involved in processing threat-related emotional information, danger detection and error evaluation, it still remains unknown whether human chemosignals communicating aggression can potentially modulate this activation. In the fMRI experiment, healthy male and female normosmic odor recipients (n=18) completed a higher-order processing task (emotional Stroop task with the word categories anger, anxiety, happiness and neutral) while exposed to aggression and exercise chemosignals (collected from a different group of healthy male donors; n=16). Our results provide first evidence that aggression chemosignals induce a time-sensitive attentional bias in chemosensory danger detection and modulate limbic system activation. During exposure to aggression chemosignals compared to exercise chemosignals, functional imaging data indicates an enhancement of thalamus, hypothalamus and insula activation (p<.05, FWE-corrected). Together with the thalamus, the ACC was seen activated in response to threat-related words (p<.001). Chemosensory priming and habituation to body odor signals are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: smutic@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Smiljana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutic
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: ybruenner@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Yvonne F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Brünner
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: rrodriguez@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Rea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Raecke
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: mwiesmann@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: jfreiherr@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freiherr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009812:Odorants; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011930:Reaction Time; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Anger; Chemosensation; Chemosignal; Olfaction; Threat