title: Peripheral neuropathy in prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Peripheral neuropathy is a major cause of disability worldwide. Diabetes is the most common cause of neuropathy, accounting for 50% of cases. Over half of people with diabetes develop neuropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a major cause of reduced quality of life due to pain, sensory loss, gait instability, fall-related injury, and foot ulceration and amputation. Most patients with non-diabetic neuropathy have cryptogenic sensory peripheral neuropathy (CSPN). A growing body of literature links prediabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome to the risk of both DPN and CSPN. This association might be particularly strong in type 2 diabetes patients. There are no effective medical treatments for CSPN or DPN, and aggressive glycemic control is an effective approach to neuropathy risk reduction only in type 1 diabetes. Several studies suggest lifestyle-based treatments that integrate dietary counseling with exercise might be a promising therapeutic approach to early DPN in type 2 diabetes and CSPN associated with prediabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Amro M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-6662
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Albert G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Peripheral neuropathy; Prediabetes