title: Is There Volume Transmission Along Extracellular Fluid Pathways Corresponding to the Acupuncture Meridians?
abstract: Volume transmission is a new major communication signaling via extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid) pathways. It was proposed by the current authors that such pathways can explain the meridian phenomena and acupuncture effects. To investigate whether meridian-like structures exist in fish body and operate via volume transmission in extracellular fluid pathways, we injected alcian blue (AB) under anesthesia into Gephyrocharax melanocheir, which has a translucent body. The migration of AB could be seen directly and was recorded by a digital camera. The fish was then embedded and cut transversely to observe the position of tracks in three dimensions. Eight longitudinal threadlike blue tracks were recognized on the fish. The positions of these threadlike tracks were similar to meridians on the human body. Transverse sections showed that these tracks distributed to different layers of distinct subcutaneous loose connective tissues and intermuscular septa. Lymphatic vessels were sometimes associated with the extracellular blue tracks where the migration of AB occurred. Extracellular fluid pathways were found on fish through their transport of AB. These pathways operating via volume transmission appeared to be similar in positions and functions to the acupuncture meridians in Chinese medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Weibo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Shuyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Guangjun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Kjell.Fuxe@ki.se.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuxe
mesh_terms: D000423:Alcian Blue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D060126:Characidae / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D016740:Meridians
chemical_list: D000423:Alcian Blue
keywords: acupuncture meridians; alcian blue; extracellular fluid pathway; fish; volume transmission