title: Pharmacogenetics of anti-cancer drugs: State of the art and implementation - recommendations of the French National Network of Pharmacogenetics.
abstract: Individualized treatment is of special importance in oncology because the drugs used for chemotherapy have a very narrow therapeutic index. Pharmacogenetics may contribute substantially to clinical routine for optimizing cancer treatment to limit toxic effects while maintaining efficacy. This review presents the usefulness of pharmacogenetic tests for some key applications: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) genotyping for fluoropyrimidine (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine), UDP glucuronosylstransferase (UGT1A1) for irinotecan and thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) for thiopurine drugs. Depending on the level of evidence, the French National Network of Pharmacogenetics (RNPGx) has issued three levels of recommendations for these pharmacogenetic tests: essential, advisable, and potentially useful. Other applications, for which the level of evidence is still discussed, will be evoked in the final section of this review.
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacocinétique et toxicologie, laboratoire de biologie médicale, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.affiliation: Institut Claudius-Regaud, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; GPCO-Unicancer, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: thomas.fabienne@iuct-oncopole.fr.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D042943:Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP) / Q000235:genetics*; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D000071185:Pharmacogenomic Testing; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D042943:Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D008780:Methyltransferases; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase
keywords: Cancer; DPD; Oncology; Pharmacogenetics; TPMT; UGT1A1