title: Cytocompatibility of Wood-Derived Cellulose Nanofibril Hydrogels with Different Surface Chemistry.
abstract: The current study aims to demonstrate the influence of the surface chemistry of wood-derived cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels on fibroblasts for tissue engineering applications. TEMPO-mediated oxidation or carboxymethylation pretreatments were employed to produce hydrogels with different surface chemistry. This study demonstrates the following: first, the gelation of CNF with cell culture medium and formation of stable hydrogels with improved rheological properties; second, the response of mouse fibroblasts cultured on the surface of the hydrogels or sandwiched within the materials with respect to cytotoxicity, cell attachment, proliferation, morphology, and migration. Indirect cytotoxicity tests showed no toxic effect of either hydrogel. The direct contact with the carboxymethylated hydrogel adversely influenced the morphology of the cells and limited their spreading, while typical morphology and spreading of cells were observed with the TEMPO-oxidized hydrogel. The porous fibrous structure may be a key to cell proliferation and migration in the hydrogels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen , N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9809-8760
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashad
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen , N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Paper and Fiber Research Institute , NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ellinor Bævre
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Heggset
authors.affiliation: Paper and Fiber Research Institute , NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syverud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012212:Rheology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D002482:Cellulose