title: One-Time Password Generation and Two-Factor Authentication Using Molecules and Light.
abstract: Herein, we report the first example of one-time password (OTP) generation and two-factor authentication (2FA) using a molecular approach. OTPs are passwords that are valid for one entry only. For the next login session, a new, different password is generated. This brings the advantage that any undesired recording of a password will not risk the security of the authentication process. Our molecular realization of the OTP generator is based on a photochromic molecular triad where the optical input required to set the triad to the fluorescent form differs depending on the initial isomeric state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gaowa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naren
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-7943
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andréasson
mesh_terms: D016494:Computer Security; D039301:Computers, Molecular; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: fluorescence; molecular devices; molecular logic; photochromism; photoswitches