title: The anti-HSV-1 effect of quercetin is dependent on the suppression of TLR-3 in Raw 264.7 cells.
abstract: Quercetin is a major component of the plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which is largely used as a traditional medicine in Asia. Quercetin has been reported to have several biological activities, which include anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. We explored the molecular mechanism linking anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities using an in vitro herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection model. Raw 264.7 cells were infected with HSV-1 in the presence or absence of different concentrations of quercetin and infected cell lysates were harvested 24 h later. HSV plaque reduction assays, western blotting (HSV-1gD, HSV-1 ICP0, TLR-2, 3, 9, NF-κB, IRF3), and real time PCR (HSV-1ICP0, HSV-1UL13, HSV-1UL52) were performed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the anti-HSV-1 effect of quercetin. In addition, TNF-α level was measured. Quercetin significantly lowered HSV infectivity in Raw 264.7 cells and inhibited the expressions of HSV proteins (gD, ICP0) and genes (ICP0, UL13, UL52). Interestingly, quercetin specifically suppressed the expression of TLR-3, and this led to the inhibitions of inflammatory transcriptional factors (NF-κB and IRF3). These findings suggest that the anti-HSV-1 effects of quercetin are related to the suppression of TLR-3 dependent inflammatory responses in Raw 264.7 cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea.|Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seulki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea.|Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Republic of Korea. totoro69@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Yu Su
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea. hkang72@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hyojeung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea. hyosun1102@gmail.com.|Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea. hyosun1102@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hyosun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-5742
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011794:Quercetin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C519703:TLR3 protein, mouse; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Anti-inflammation; HSV-1; Quercetin; Raw 264.7 cells; TLR-3