title: Ancestry, Plasmodium cynomolgi prevalence and rhesus macaque admixture in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) bred for export in Chinese breeding farms.
abstract: Most cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) used in the United States as animal models are imported from Chinese breeding farms without documented ancestry. Cynomolgus macaques with varying rhesus macaque ancestry proportions may exhibit differences, such as susceptibility to malaria, that affect their suitability as a research model.
  
  
  
  DNA of 400 cynomolgus macaques from 10 Chinese breeding farms was genotyped to characterize their regional origin and rhesus ancestry proportion. A nested PCR assay was used to detect Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in sampled individuals.
  
  
  
  All populations exhibited high levels of genetic heterogeneity and low levels of inbreeding and genetic subdivision. Almost all individuals exhibited an Indochinese origin and a rhesus ancestry proportion of 5%-48%. The incidence of P. cynomolgi infection in cynomolgus macaques is strongly associated with proportion of rhesus ancestry.
  
  
  
  The varying amount of rhesus ancestry in cynomolgus macaques underscores the importance of monitoring their genetic similarity in malaria research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Xinjun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1298-3545
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Primate Products, Inc, Immokalee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University (ASU West Campus), Glendale, AZ, USA.|California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sreetharan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanthaswamy
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University (ASU West Campus), Glendale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Compliance & Integrity, Office of Research, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica Satkoski
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Trask
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Malaria Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Balbir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.|California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David Glenn
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000235:genetics; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000235:genetics; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D016789:Plasmodium cynomolgi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: 
  Macaca fascicularis
  ; 
  Macaca mulatta
  ; 
  Plasmodium cynomolgi
  ; admixture; ancestry