title: PGC-1α Downregulation in Steatotic Liver Enhances Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Impairs Ischemic Preconditioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver steatosis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels together with enhanced sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and limited response to preconditioning protocols. Here, we sought to determine whether the downregulation in the steatotic liver of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and ROS that is known to play a role in liver metabolic control, could be responsible for the sensitivity of the steatotic liver to ischemic damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGC-1α was induced in normal liver after exposure to an IR protocol, which was concomitant with an increase in the levels of antioxidant proteins. By contrast, its induction was severely blunted in the steatotic liver, resulting in a modest induction of antioxidant proteins. Livers of PGC-1α-/-mice on a chow diet were normal, but they exhibited an enhanced sensitivity to IR injury and also a lack of response to ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a phenotype that recapitulated the features of the steatotic liver in terms of liver damage, although the inflammatory response differed between both models. Utilizing an in vitro model of IPC, we found that PGC-1α expression was downregulated in hepatic cells cultured at 1% O2; whereas it was induced after reoxygenation (3% O2), and it was responsible for the recovery of antioxidant gene expression after the ischemic period. Innovation & Conclusion: PGC-1α plays an important role in the protection against IR injury in the liver, which is likely associated with its capacity to induce antioxidant gene expression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1332-1346.
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ramos
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: 2 Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tierrez
authors.affiliation: 2 Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laso
authors.affiliation: 3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) , ISCIII, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Valdecantos
authors.affiliation: 4 Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Campus de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona , Hospitalet, Spain .
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartrons
authors.affiliation: 5 Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (CSIC) , Barcelona, Spain .
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roselló-Catafau
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monsalve
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D022781:Hepatocytes; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D051379:Mice; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: antioxidants; mitochondria; oxidative metabolism; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species