title: Apropos: critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil.
abstract: Schistosomiasis is a snail-transmitted infectious disease affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Snail control has been recognized as an effective approach to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis, since the geographic distribution of this neglected tropical disease is determined by the presence of the intermediate host snails. In a recent Scoping Review published in Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Coelho and Caldeira performed a critical review of using molluscicides in the national schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil. They also described some chemical and plant-derived molluscicides used in China. In addition to the molluscicides described by Coelho and Caldeira, a large number of chemicals, plant extracts and microorganisms have been screened and tested for molluscicidal actions against Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China. Here, we presented the currently commercial molluscicides available in China, including 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide (MNSC), 25% suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (SCNE), 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder (WPN), 4% niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder (NESP), 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule (NESG) and the plant-derived molluscicide "Luowei". These molluscicides have been proved to be active against O. hupensis in both laboratory and endemic fields, playing an important role in the national schistosomiasis control program of China. Currently, China is transferring its successful experiences on schistosomiasis control to African countries. The introduction of Chinese commercial molluscicides to Africa, with adaptation to local conditions, may facilitate the progress towards the elimination of schisosomiasis in Africa.
authors.affiliation: Weifang Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 407 Qingnian Road, Weicheng District, Weifang City, Shandong Province, 261011, China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China. wangwei@jipd.com.|Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China. wangwei@jipd.com.|Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China. wangwei@jipd.com.|School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No. 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350004, China. wangwei@jipd.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-981X
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides
keywords: 25% suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt; 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide; 4% niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder; 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule; 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder; Luowei; Molluscicide; Oncomelania hupensis; Schistosomiasis