title: Age, gender and parafunctional habits as prognostic factors for temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arthrocentesis is an effective procedure for management of symptomatic patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR), but its prognostic factors are still under investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with ADDWOR underwent arthrocentesis of the TMJ and hyaluronic acid injection. They were divided into groups based on three prognostic factors: Age, gender, and the presence of parafunctional habits. The procedure outcome (success or failure) was based on pre-set criteria for improvement in pain and maximum mouth opening (MMO) one month preoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with parafunctional habits had a lower success rate than patients without these habits. Interesting trends were noted with age and gender as prognostic factors for arthrocentesis for patients with ADDWOR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthrocentesis is an effective management method for symptomatic patients with ADDWOR at one-month post treatment, especially in the absence of parafunctional habits.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.|b Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department , Suez Canal University , Ismallia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Haitham S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-6298
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University of Beni Suef , Beni Suef Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed I
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-8466
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mosleh
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-6359
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.|d Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-0071
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shawky
authors.affiliation: e Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fatima M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Jadu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000069237:Arthrocentesis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D055675:Viscosupplements; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: TMD; TMJ; Temporomandibular disorders; arthrocentesis; disc displacement without reduction; hyaluronic acid; prognostic factors; temporomandibular joints