title: Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.
abstract: In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. Morphology of fabric was characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. Direct1O2determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. Finally, PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells were photokilled of 99.98%. Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Angela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1514-8820
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castriciano
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zagami
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati , Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Casaletto
authors.affiliation: Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMET CNRS 8207, University of Science and Technology of Lille , 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariachiara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trapani
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.|Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.|C.I.R.C.M.S.B, Unity of Messina , Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i processi Chimico-Fisici , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7907-842X
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villari
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sciortino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guglielmino
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.|Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.|C.I.R.C.M.S.B, Unity of Messina , Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi Monsù
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Scolaro
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3140-5655
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzaglia
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011166:Porphyrins; C016136:tetraphenylporphine sulfonate