title: The Effect of Insurance Type on Fragility Fracture Patient Access to Endocrinology Under the Affordable Care Act.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of insurance type (Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance) on fragility fracture patients' access to endocrinology specialists in the postoperative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research team called 247 board-certified endocrinologists in 8 representative states. The caller requested an appointment for her fictitious mother to be evaluated for osteoporosis after suffering a hip fracture that required surgery. The caller stated that her mother had an abnormal level of parathyroid hormone and her mother's orthopedic surgeon believed she needed to see an endocrinologist. Each office was called 3 times to assess the responses for each insurance type. For each call, we documented whether the patient was able to receive an appointment and the barriers the patient confronted to receiving an appointment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 15.8% of offices scheduled an appointment for a patient with Medicaid, compared to 48.6% for Medicare and 54.3% for BlueCross (P< .0001). Medicaid patients confronted more barriers to receiving appointments. There was no statistically significant difference in access for Medicaid patients in states that had expanded Medicaid versus states that had not expanded Medicaid. Medicaid reimbursement for a new level 3 patient visit did not significantly correlate with appointment success rates or wait times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the passage of the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid patients have reduced access to endocrinologists and more complex barriers to receiving appointments. A more robust strategy for increasing access to care for Medicaid patients would be more equitable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wiznia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sifon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ndon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Yeon
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Leslie
keywords: Affordable Care Act; access to care; fragility; geriatric medicine; hip fractures; metabolic bone disorders; osteoporosis; prevention