title: Duodenal mucosa FOXP3 expression in different etiologies of lymphocytic duodenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes expressing FOXP3 in the intestinal mucosa associated with varying degrees of villous atrophy. Our aim was to evaluate FOXP3 expression in duodenal mucosa with lymphocytic enteritis according to aetiology and correlation with lymphocytes T-γδ.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared three adult patient groups suffering lymphocytic enteritis: celiacs following a gluten-free diet (n=12), first-degree relatives of celiac patients with genetic risks (n=14) and patients with functional dyspepsia (n=14), along with a control group not suffering from duodenal enteritis (n=16). The population of duodenal lymphocytes was analysed by immunohistochemistry assays for CD3+ characterisation and FOXP3 expression. Quantification of lymphocytes T-γδ in duodenal mucosa was performed by flow cytometry in fresh tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of lymphocytes T-γδ was significantly higher in the group of celiac individuals compared to the group of relatives of these individuals (37.44 vs 5,52: p<0.0001) and the group with functional dyspepsia (37.44 vs 11.76: p=0.008). FOXP3 expression was also significantly higher in the celiac group than in the groups of relatives (18.85 vs 6.31; p=0.001) and functional dyspepsia patients (18.85 vs 7.61; p=0.023). The proportion of lymphocytes T-γδ and FOXP3- expressing lymphocytes was similar in the control group to that in the relatives or functional dyspepsia groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphocytic enteritis associated to celiac disease shows an increase of FOXP3 expression and lymphocytes T-γδ that is not detected in other etiologies of enteritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaquero
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernando
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monteserín
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Cuenllas
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calleja
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Biomedicine, University Hospital of León, León, Spain. svivasa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vivas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004382:Duodenitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta