title: MicroRNA31-NDRG3 regulation axes are essential for hepatocellular carcinoma survival and drug resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an epithelial cancer that originates from hepatocytes and it is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. Till now the prognosis of HCC patients is generally poor. The molecular mechanism giving rise to HCC development and recurrence is still largely unknown. MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) is among the most commonly altered microRNAs in human cancers, and alternations of miR-31 expression were reported to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this work, the primary biological function of miR-31 in HCC tumorigenesis was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data showed that overexpression of miR-31 induced markedly inhibition of HCC cell proliferation, migration in vitro and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. One target gene of miR-31, NDRG3, was also demonstrated indispensable for HCC cell survival. Furthermore, miR-31 and NDRG3 were both essential for HCC cell drug resistance in adriamycin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that miR-31 is a crucial regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma, miR-31 and its target gene NDRG3 may be potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment in the future.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shuxian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qinghui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C534612:MIRN31 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; C431706:NDRG3 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NDRG3; adriamycin; miR-31; tumorigenesis