title: Reduced Synaptic Vesicle Recycling during Hypoxia in Cultured Cortical Neurons.
abstract: Improvement of neuronal recovery in the ischemic penumbra, an area around the core of a brain infarct with some remaining perfusion, has a large potential for the development of therapy against acute ischemic stroke. However, mechanisms that lead to either recovery or secondary damage in the penumbra largely remain unclear. Recent studies in cultured networks of cortical neurons showed that failure of synaptic transmission (referred to as synaptic failure) is a critical factor in the penumbral area, but the mechanisms that lead to synaptic failure are still under investigation. Here we used a Styryl dye, FM1-43, to quantify endocytosis and exocytosis in cultures of rat cortical neurons under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia in cultured cortical networks rapidly depressed endocytosis and, to a lesser extent, exocytosis. These findings support electrophysiological findings that synaptic failure occurs quickly after the induction of hypoxia, and confirms that the failing processes are at least in part presynaptic.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Cellular Engineering, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk, Belarus.
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fedorovich
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology, University of TwenteEnschede, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Rijnstate HospitalArnhem, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmeijer
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology, University of TwenteEnschede, Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Medisch Spectrum TwenteEnschede, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michel J A M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Putten
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente Enschede, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: le Feber
keywords: brain; cultured neurons; endocytosis; exocytosis; hypoxia; styryl dye; synapse