title: Pentoxifylline attenuates mucosal damage in an experimental model of rat colitis by modulating tissue biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
abstract: This study was designed to identify the effect of pentoxifylline on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.
  
  
  
  Forty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: group A, TNBS + intraperitoneal (IP) pentoxifylline; group B, TNBS + IP saline; group C, TNBS + intrarectal (IR) pentoxifylline; group D, TNBS + IR saline; group E, IP pentoxifylline + TNBS; group F, IP saline + TNBS; group G, IR saline. Pentoxifylline was given daily for 3 days before or 6 days after the induction of colitis. Rats were killed after 6 days.
  
  
  
  IP and IR pentoxifylline similarly and significantly reduced damage and histopathological scores. Pentoxifylline attenuated the accumulation of malonyldialdehyde and transforming growth factor β1 and the activities of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and it also restored superoxide dismutase activity. The IP route was more effective than the IR route in this regard. Administration of IP pentoxifylline before or after induction did not influence all parameters. Conclusions: Pentoxifylline showed a therapeutic effect in this experimental colitis model. IP administration seemed to be better. This effect may occur as a result of inhibition of oxidative stress and metalloproteinase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eylem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karatay
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Gül Utku
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim Koral
authors.initials: İK
authors.lastname: Önal
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibiş
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Ekinci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yilmaz Demirtaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şükrü
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: G Dumlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003092:Colitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020011:Protective Agents; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010431:Pentoxifylline