title: [Use of the S3 guidelines for early detection of prostate cancer in urological practices].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The German S3 guideline on prostate cancer gives recommendations on early detection of prostate cancer. In this study we analyzed the adherence of urologists in private practice from the administrative district of Münster, Germany to this guideline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected through a semistructured survey of 22 urologists based on the COREQ checklist (Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research) in four focus groups consisting of five or six urologists in private practice. We developed 23 questions relating to 12 recommendations of the paragraphs of the S3 guidelines dealing with early detection of prostate cancer and prostate biopsy. The recommendations of the guideline are subdivided in nine "strong", one "optional recommendation" and two "statements". The adherence to the guideline was investigated by using frequency and qualitative content analysis (Mayring) based on a mixed methods design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urologists follow six of the nine "strong recommendations" of the guideline and deviate from three. Reasons for deviations from "strong recommendations" are the following: information about advantages and disadvantages of early detection for prostate cancer, recommendation of a prostate biopsy in case of PSA level ≥4 ng/ml, and indication for repeat biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the "strong recommendations" are followed by the interviewed urologists of the administrative district of Münster. Contextually relevant deviations from "strong recommendations" are justified, e. g., the only limited transferability of the PSA threshold of 4 ng/ml derived from population-based studies of asymptomatic men to men presenting in a urologist's office.
authors.affiliation: Prostatazentrum, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland. dorothee.tiedje@ukmuenster.de.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tiedje
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, Hochschule Niederrhein, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Quer
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, Hochschule Niederrhein, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Breil
authors.affiliation: Prostatazentrum, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.affiliation: Prostatazentrum, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bothe
authors.affiliation: Prostatazentrum, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Prostatazentrum, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bögemann
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Allgemeinmedizin, Präventive und Rehabilitative Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Donner-Banzhoff
authors.affiliation: Prostatazentrum, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semjonow
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D057189:Checklist; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005858:Germany; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014572:Urology
keywords: Adherence; Focus groups; Interview; Prostate biopsy; Prostate cancer