title: Melatonin as an anti-inflammatory agent in radiotherapy.
abstract: Radiotherapy is one of the most relevant treatment options for cancer therapy with or without other treatment modalities including immunotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. Exposure to heavy doses of ionizing radiation during radiotherapy results in short and long term side effects. It appears that many of these side effects are linked to inflammatory responses during treatment or after prolonged use. Inflammation is mediated by various genes and cytokines related to immune system responses caused by massive cell death following radiotherapy. This phenomenon is more obvious, particularly after exposure to clinical doses of radiotherapy. Inflammation is involved in the amplification of acute responses, genomic instability and also long term pathological changes in normal tissues. Moreover, inflammation attenuates responses of the tumor to radiotherapy through some mechanisms such as angiogenesis. Thus, the management of inflammation is one of the most interesting aims in cancer radiotherapy. Melatonin, known as a natural product in the body, has been of much interest for its anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies have proposed melatonin as a novel anti-inflammation agent. This literature review will concentrate on the anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin that may help the management of different inflammatory signaling pathways in both tumor and normal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. shirazia@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. e_motevaseli@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Motevaseli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rezaeyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salajegheh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezapoor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052016:Mucositis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: Immune system; Inflammation; Melatonin; Oxidative stress; Radiotherapy