title: Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157 in beef at butcher shops and restaurants in central Ethiopia.
abstract: Ethiopia bears the largest burden of foodborne diseases in Africa, and diarrheal diseases are the second leading causes of premature deaths. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 causes an asymptomatic infection to severe diarrhea and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans.
  
  
  
  A total of 440 beef carcass and in-contact surface swabs from 55 butcher shops and 85 minced beef samples from 40 restaurants in central Ethiopia were collected and examined for the presence of E. coli O157. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify E. coli O157 and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates.
  
  
  
  E. coli O157 was detected in 4.5% carcass swabs (n = 5) and 3.6% cutting board swabs (n = 4) samples from butcher shops. E. coli O157 was not detected in any of the minced beef samples obtained from restaurants. All isolates (n = 9) were 100% susceptible to five drugs, but five isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, two isolates to streptomycin and three isolates to chloramphenicol. One isolate was resistant to two drugs and another to three drugs.
  
  
  
  The present study shows a low prevalence of E. coli O157 in beef sold at butcher shops. Nevertheless, given the low infective dose of this pathogen and the deep-rooted tradition of consuming raw or undercooked beef, the current prevalence should not be considered lightly from a public health perspective.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. ashenafi.feyisa1@gmail.com.|Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. ashenafi.feyisa1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashenafi Feyisa
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Beyi
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Akafete Teklu
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Fite
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Ephrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tora
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Asdesach
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tafese
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Tadele
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Genu
authors.affiliation: Holetta Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Tamirat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaba
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.|Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tariku Jibat
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Beyene
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Takele
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beyene
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.|The Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Mesula Geloye
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Korsa
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Fanos
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tadesse
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Zutter
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Ghent, Belgium.|Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bruno Maria
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Goddeeris
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D059022:Food Safety; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D012147:Restaurants; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000658:Amoxicillin; D013307:Streptomycin
keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Beef; Butcher shops; Escherichia coli O157; Minced beef; Restaurants