title: Environmental exposures as a risk factor for fibrolamellar carcinoma.
abstract: Fibrolamellar carcinoma was first described in 1956. Subsequent large studies failed to identify cases before 1939 (the start of the World War II). This finding, combined with the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptors on the tumor cells, have suggested that fibrolamellar carcinomas may be caused by environmental exposures that are new since World War II. To investigate this possibility, the surgical pathology files before 1939 were reviewed for hepatocellular carcinomas resected in young individuals. Two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma were identified, from 1915 to 1924. The diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma was confirmed at the histologic, ultrastructural and proteomic levels. These two fibrolamellar carcinoma cases clarify a key aspect of fibrolamellar carcinoma biology, reducing the likelihood that these tumors result exclusively from post World War II environmental exposures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rondell P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Laennec Liver Pathology Society.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Truty
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Taofic
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mounajjed
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Greipp
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Torbenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054751:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; C494647:DNAJB1 protein, human; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; D054751:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits; C517757:PRKACA protein, human