title: Mobile phone types and SAR characteristics of the human brain.
abstract: Mobile phones differ in terms of their operating frequency, outer shape, and form and location of the antennae, all of which affect the spatial distributions of their electromagnetic field and the level of electromagnetic absorption in the human head or brain. For this paper, the specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated for four anatomical head models at different ages using 11 numerical phone models of different shapes and antenna configurations. The 11 models represent phone types accounting for around 86% of the approximately 1400 commercial phone models released into the Korean market since 2002. Seven of the phone models selected have an internal dual-band antenna, and the remaining four possess an external antenna. Each model was intended to generate an average absorption level equivalent to that of the same type of commercial phone model operating at the maximum available output power. The 1 g peak spatial SAR and ipsilateral and contralateral brain-averaged SARs were reported for all 11 phone models. The effects of the phone type, phone position, operating frequency, and age of head models on the brain SAR were comprehensively determined.
authors.affiliation: Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ae-Kyoung
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seon-Eui
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jong-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hyung-Do
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*