title: Accumulation of high OPDA level correlates with reduced ROS and elevated GSH benefiting white cell survival in variegated leaves.
abstract: Variegated 'Marble Queen' (Epipremnum aureum) plant has white (VMW) and green (VMG) sectors within the same leaf. The white sector cells containing undifferentiated chloroplasts are viable, but the underlying mechanism for their survival and whether these white cells would use any metabolites as signal molecules to communicate with the nucleus for maintaining their viability remain unclear. We analyzed and compared phytohormone levels with their precursors produced in chloroplasts between VMW and VMG, and further compared their transcriptomes to understand the consequences related to the observed elevated 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), which was 9-fold higher in VMW than VMG. Transcriptomic study showed that a large group of OPDA-responsive genes (ORGs) were differentially expressed in VMW, including stress-related transcription factors and genes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, DNA replication and repair, and protein chaperones. Induced expression of these ORGs could be verified in OPDA-treated green plants. Reduced level of ROS and higher levels of glutathione in VMW were further confirmed. Our results suggest that elevated OPDA or its related compounds are recruited by white cells as a signaling molecule(s) to up-regulate stress and scavenging activity related genes that leads to reduced ROS levels and provides survival advantages to the white cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute &Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
authors.forename: Chiu-Yueh
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute &Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
authors.forename: Farooqahmed S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Kittur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute &Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
authors.forename: Carla E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.affiliation: Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Henny
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Kent O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Burkey
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute &Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D029064:Araceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C025999:12-oxophytodienoic acid