title: Psychometric evaluation of the muscle appearance satisfaction scale in a Mexican male sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether the muscle appearance satisfaction scale (MASS) shows acceptable psychometric properties in Mexican bodybuilders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 258 Mexican male bodybuilders were recruited. Two self-report questionnaires, including the MASS and drive for muscularity scale (DMS), were administered. Six models of the latent structure of the MASS were evaluated, using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood, considering robust Satorra-Bentler correction to estimate the fit of the models to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar to the original MASS, the series of CFA confirmed that the Mexican version was well represented with the 17-item five-factor structure, which showed a good model fit [Satorra-Bentler Chi-square (109, n = 258) = 189.18, p < 0.0001; NNFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.93; IFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05 (0.04, 0.07)]. Internal consistency was estimated with McDonald's omega, which was acceptable for the MASS (0.88), and their subscales (0.80 to 0.89), except for muscle checking scale (0.77). Test-retest reliability analysis showed stability of the MASS total as well as of the subscale scores over a 2-week period (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.75-0.91). Construct validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between MASS and DMS results (r = 0.75; p = 0.0001). These results were similar to those of previous studies, which demonstrate the scale's usefulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the suitability of the MASS and its subscales to measure muscle dysmorphia symptoms in Mexican male bodybuilders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario UAEM Ecatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, José Revueltas 17, Tierra Blanca, C.P. 55020, Ecatepec, Mexico, Mexico. cescotop@uaemex.mx.
authors.forename: María Del Consuelo
authors.initials: MDC
authors.lastname: Escoto Ponce de León
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario UAEM Ecatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, José Revueltas 17, Tierra Blanca, C.P. 55020, Ecatepec, Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lilián Elizabeth
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bosques-Brugada
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education, Unidad Académica Profesional Nezahualcóyotl, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Av. Bordo de Xochiaca s/n, Benito Juárez, C.P. 57000, Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esteban Jaime
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Camacho Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Rayón
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Prolongación Colón s/n, C.P. 49000, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Franco Paredes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario UAEM Ecatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, José Revueltas 17, Tierra Blanca, C.P. 55020, Ecatepec, Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Hernández
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001828:Body Image; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body image; Confirmatory factor analysis; Male; Muscle dysmorphia