title: Ultra structural changes occurring in duct ectasia and periductal mastitis and their significance in etiopathogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duct ectasia (DE) and periductal mastitis (PDM) are the most common benign breast conditions seen in women. The etiopathogenesis of these entities is still not clear and most of the theories regarding the causation are based on the histological features as seen on light microscopy. The ultramicroscopic features associated with these conditions that may give more insight to the etiopathogenesis are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the ultrastructural changes occurring in mammary duct cones in patients with DE and PDM using Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Major ducts removed by radical duct excision from 21 patients with final histopathological diagnosis of DE and PDM were subjected to TEM study with 2 normal duct samples as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TEM features of DE were denudation of the epithelial cells with focal loss of microvilli, widening of the inter-epithelial junctions with focal disruption of the T bars, periductal collagenisation without inflammation, and features suggestive of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). PDM features are intact epithelial lining with proliferative epithelium and periductal collagenisation with inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the TEM findings, we suggest that DE and PDM are two different entities. EMT a novel finding observed in DE in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kirithiga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Seenu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vuthaluru
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008413:Mastitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged