title: Does early intervention improve outcomes in physiotherapy management of lumbar radicular syndrome? A mixed-methods study protocol.
abstract: Lumbar radicular syndrome (LRS) can be a painful and debilitating condition. The optimum management strategies and their timing remain elusive despite extensive research. Surgery provides good short-term outcomes but has concomitant risks and costs. Physiotherapy is commonly practised for patients with LRS but its effects remain equivocal and there is a lack of consensus on the type, duration and timing of physiotherapy intervention. There is a lack of high-quality evidence into new and innovative management strategies and the timings of those strategies for LRS. This pilot trial is an essential preliminary to a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of early physiotherapy intervention for patients with LRS. The study will test the protocol, the intervention, the use of outcome measures and the ability to set-up and run the trial to enable refinement of a future definitive RCT.
  
  
  
  This is a mixed-methods study encompassing an external pilot RCT with integrated qualitative interviews with patients, clinicians and other key stakeholders. 80 patients will be recruited from primary care and randomised, after consent into 1 of 2 groups. Both groups will receive individually tailored, goal orientated physiotherapy. The usual care group will begin their physiotherapy 6 weeks after randomisation and the intervention group at 2 weeks after randomisation. Outcome measures will primarily be feasibility parameters including the ability to recruit and retain patients and to deliver the intervention. Data will be collected at baseline, and 6, 12 and 26 weeks following randomisation.
  
  
  
  The study has received favourable ethical review from the East of Scotland Research Ethics Service (EoSRES) on the 20 August 2015 (15/ES/0130). Recruitment began on the 1 March 2016 and is expected to close in January 2017. Data collection is anticipated to be complete in July 2017. The study results will be made available to participants, clinicians involved in the study and the wider clinical community through publication in a peer reviewed journal and at conference presentations.
  
  
  
  ISRCTN: 25018352, Pre-results; Clinical Trials.Gov: NCT02618278 Document version V1.1 23.9.2016.
authors.affiliation: Therapy Services Outpatient Department, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8139-2103
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reddington
authors.affiliation: Designs, Trials and Statistics ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Research Unit ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1538-3521
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Section of Public Health ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baxter
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012585:Sciatica / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH