title: Palatability of a novel oral formulation of prednisone in healthy young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prednisone is a widely used anti-inflammatory for a variety of conditions. While oral liquid formulations of prednisone enable weight-based dosing, children frequently find them to be objectionable due to bitter taste. This limitation of prednisone can adversely impact patient acceptance and may result in non-compliance. Efforts to mask flavours often result in poorly controlled, heterogeneous particle distributions and can provide ineffective taste masking. The present work utilized a novel drug delivery technology developed by Orbis Biosciences, Inc., to create an oral taste-masked formulation of prednisone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study examined the palatability of Orbis' microsphere prednisone formulation in healthy young adults (n = 24). Four test articles were used in the study including a reference formulation (Roxanne Laboratories), a control and the test formulation (Orbis) prepared in two different ways. Study participants were randomized in a crossover design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that the test prednisone formulation was indistinguishable from the control, and both were preferable to the reference formulation in every category of palatability assessed using a validated 9-point Hedonic Scale. The data also suggested that preparing the microsphere suspension immediately before administration results in the most ideal palatability properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the novel microsphere formulation technology was effective in taste-masking prednisone.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Biostatistics Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-327X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Orbis Biosciences, Inc., Lenexa, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dormer
authors.affiliation: Orbis Biosciences, Inc., Lenexa, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shoults
authors.affiliation: Orbis Biosciences, Inc., Lenexa, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Carol D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kearns
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D011241:Prednisone
keywords: immediate release; microsphere; palatability; prednisone; taste-masking