title: Antibiotics promote the sampling of luminal antigens and bacteria via colonic goblet cell associated antigen passages.
abstract: Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of live bacteria from the gut lumen to distant sites. Gut commensal bacteria translocation has been attributed to 'leakiness', or 'barrier breach' of the intestinal epithelium, allowing live bacteria to cross an inappropriately permeable barrier and disseminate to distant sites. Alternatively, studies suggest dendritic cells directly capture luminal commensal bacteria and transport them to distant sites in the steady-state by extending dendrites between epithelial cells into the lumen. Recently we identified translocation of commensal gut bacteria following antibiotics was associated with the formation of goblet cell associated antigen passages (GAPs) in the colon and dependent upon goblet cells (GCs). The translocation of native gut commensal bacteria resulted in low-level inflammatory responses and potentiated mucosal damage in response to concurrent epithelial injury. Here we extend these observations and demonstrate properties of colonic GAPs and observations supporting their priority in the translocation of colonic commensal bacteria.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Jenny K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7213-4065
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Keely G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Devesha H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7953-5953
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kassel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Rodney D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Newberry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antibiotics; bacterial translocation; goblet cells