title: Water Load Test in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain or Obesity Compared with Nonobese Controls.
abstract: Satiety is the perception of satisfied fullness and represents a summation of neural and hormonal influences. Satiety can be assessed by drink tests, including water load. The objective of our study was to confirm the difference in water load volume between nonobese control children and children with functional dyspepsia (FD), children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and obese children.
  
  
  
  A total of 158 children ages 6 to 13 years participated in the study. There were 43 children with FD, 25 with IBS, 44 obese children, and 46 nonobese age-matched control children. Subjects drank as much water as possible in 3 minutes or until their stomachs felt full.
  
  
  
  Children in the FD and IBS groups drank less water than did the nonobese controls; the obese children drank more water than did the nonobese controls. The water load test demonstrated high specificity but poor sensitivity in predicting children with FD.
  
  
  
  A water load test offers a simple, noninvasive research tool to measure satiety. Children with chronic abdominal pain drank less than nonobese control children; however, the water load test did not discriminate between FD and IBS. Obese children drank more water than the other groups, suggesting the possibility of an underlying abnormality in the perception of satiety.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arrouk
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso.
authors.forename: Aryn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karpinski
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso.
authors.forename: Teri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lavenbarg
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belmont
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCallum
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyman
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000150:complications*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications; D004326:Drinking; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012528:Satiety Response; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity