title: Relationships between body temperatures and inflammation indicators under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in pigs exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide and dietary deoxynivalenol.
abstract: We studied the constancy of the relationship between rectal and intraabdominal temperature as well as their linkage to inflammatory markers (leucocyte counts, kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (Kyn-Trp ratio), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in healthy and in pigs exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or deoxynivalenol (DON). Barrows (n = 44) were fed 4 weeks either a DON-contaminated (4.59 mg DON/kg feed) or a control (CON) diet and equipped with an intraabdominal temperature logger and a multicatheter system (V.portae hepatis, V.lienalis, Vv.jugulares) facilitating infusion of 0.9% NaCl (CON) or LPS (7.5 μg/kg BW) and simultaneous blood sampling. Body temperatures were measured and blood samples taken every 15 min for leucocyte counts, TNF-α and Kyn-Trp ratio. Combination of diet and infusion created six groups: CON_CONjug.-CONpor., CON_CONjug.-LPSpor., CON_LPSjug.-CONpor., DON_CONjug.-CONpor., DON_CONjug.-LPSpor., DON_LPSjug.-CONpor.. The relationship between both temperatures was not uniform for all conditions. Linear regression revealed that an intraabdominal increase per 1°C increase in rectal temperature was ~25% higher in all LPS-infused pigs compared to NaCl-infusion, albeit diet and site of LPS infusion modified the magnitude of this difference. Inflammatory markers were only strongly present under LPS influence and showed a significant relationship with body temperatures. For example, leucocyte counts in clinically inconspicuous animals were only significantly correlated to core temperature in DON-fed pigs, but in all LPS-infused groups, irrespective of diet and temperature method. In conclusion, the gradient between body core and rectal temperature is constant in clinically inconspicuous pigs, but not under various pathophysiological conditions. In the latter, measurement of inflammatory markers seems to be a useful completion.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-1343
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tesch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bannert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluess
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frahm
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hüther
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breves
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahlert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rothkötter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dänicke
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014255:Trichothecenes; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: body temperature; deoxynivalenol; lipopolysaccharide; pathophysiological conditions; physiological; pig