title: Entorhinal Cortex: Antemortem Cortical Thickness and Postmortem Neurofibrillary Tangles and Amyloid Pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The entorhinal cortex, a critical gateway between the neocortex and hippocampus, is one of the earliest regions affected by Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Although our prior work has automatically delineated an MR imaging-based measure of the entorhinal cortex, whether antemortem entorhinal cortex thickness is associated with postmortem tangle burden within the entorhinal cortex is still unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between antemortem MRI measures of entorhinal cortex thickness and postmortem neuropathological measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 50 participants from the Rush Memory and Aging Project with antemortem structural T1-weighted MR imaging and postmortem neuropathologic assessments. Here, we focused on thickness within the entorhinal cortex as anatomically defined by our previously developed MR imaging parcellation system (Desikan-Killiany Atlas in FreeSurfer). Using linear regression, we evaluated the association between entorhinal cortex thickness and tangles and amyloid-β load within the entorhinal cortex and medial temporal and neocortical regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant relationship between antemortem entorhinal cortex thickness and entorhinal cortex (P= .006) and medial temporal lobe tangles (P= .002); we found no relationship between entorhinal cortex thickness and entorhinal cortex (P= .09) and medial temporal lobe amyloid-β (P= .09). We also found a significant association between entorhinal cortex thickness and cortical tangles (P= .003) and amyloid-β (P= .01). We found no relationship between parahippocampal gyrus thickness and entorhinal cortex (P= .31) and medial temporal lobe tangles (P= .051).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that entorhinal cortex-associated in vivo cortical thinning may represent a marker of postmortem medial temporal and neocortical Alzheimer disease pathology.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.A.T.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: A A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-0429
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (B.D.W.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: B D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-1747
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Section (W.P.D., C.P.H., R.S.D.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: W P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-4615
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Section (W.P.D., C.P.H., R.S.D.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: C P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-5302
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biostatistics (H.J.C.).
authors.forename: H J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8331
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.F., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: D A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-4413
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fleischman
authors.affiliation: Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.F., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: S E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1665
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Leurgans
authors.affiliation: Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.F., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: D A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3689-554X
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology (B.T.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: B T
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-9401
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Division of Cognitive Neurosciences (M.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: M S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8985
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Anatomy and Neurobiology (R.J.K.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: R J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-2181
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Killiany
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (B.F.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.|Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (B.F.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2413-1115
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (A.M.D.), Cognitive Sciences and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: A M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-2966
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Section (W.P.D., C.P.H., R.S.D.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California rahul.desikan@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: R S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-6017
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Desikan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000032:analysis*; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000473:pathology; D001344:Autopsy; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid