title: Longitudinal study of alcohol consumption and HDL concentrations: a community-based study.
abstract: Background:In cross-sectional studies and short-term clinical trials, it has been suggested that there is a positive dose-response relation between alcohol consumption and HDL concentrations. However, prospective data have been limited.Objective:We sought to determine the association between total alcohol intake, the type of alcohol-containing beverage, and the 6-y (2006-2012) longitudinal change in HDL-cholesterol concentrations in a community-based cohort.Design:A total of 71,379 Chinese adults (mean age: 50 y) who were free of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and did not use cholesterol-lowering agents during follow-up were included in the study. Alcohol intake was assessed via a questionnaire in 2006 (baseline), and participants were classified into the following categories of alcohol consumption: never, past, light (women: 0-0.4 servings/d; men: 0-0.9 servings/d), moderate (women: 0.5-1.0 servings/d; men: 1-2 servings/d), and heavy (women: >1.0 servings/d; men: >2 servings/d). HDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. We used generalized estimating equation models to examine the associations between baseline alcohol intake and the change in HDL-cholesterol concentrations with adjustment for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, liver function, and C-reactive protein concentrations.Results:An umbrella-shaped association was observed between total alcohol consumption and changes in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Compared with never drinkers, past, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers experienced slower decreases in HDL cholesterol of 0.012 mmol · L-1· y-1(95% CI: 0.008, 0.016 mmol · L-1· y-1), 0.013 mmol · L-1· y-1(95% CI: 0.010, 0.016 mmol · L-1· y-1), 0.017 mmol · L-1· y-1(95% CI: 0.009, 0.025 mmol · L-1· y-1), and 0.008 mmol · L-1· y-1(95% CI: 0.005, 0.011 mmol · L-1· y-1), respectively (P< 0.0001 for all), after adjustment for potential confounders. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with the slowest increase in total-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratios. We observed a similar association between hard-liquor consumption and the HDL-cholesterol change. In contrast, greater beer consumption was associated with slower HDL-cholesterol decreases in a dose-response manner.Conclusion:Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with slower HDL-cholesterol decreases; however, the type of alcoholic beverage had differential effects on the change in the HDL-cholesterol concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA.
authors.forename: Shue
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3253-4213
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Junjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA.
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Alice H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Yuntao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China; and drwusl@163.com xxg14@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA; drwusl@163.com xxg14@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2617-6509
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D001515:Beer; D002681:China; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: HDL; alcohol; cardiovascular disease risk; epidemiology; lipids; prospective cohort; triglyceride