title: Zinc oxide nanorods functionalized paper for protein preconcentration in biodiagnostics.
abstract: Distinguishing a specific biomarker from a biofluid sample containing a large variety of proteins often requires the selective preconcentration of that particular biomarker to a detectable level for analysis. Low-cost, paper-based device is an emerging opportunity in diagnostics. In the present study, we report a novel Zinc oxide nanorods functionalized paper platform for the preconcentration of Myoglobin, a cardiac biomarker. Zinc oxide nanorods were grown on a Whatman filter paper no. 1 via the standard hydrothermal route. The growth of Zinc oxide nanorods on paper was confirmed by a combination of techniques consisting of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS,) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The Zinc oxide nanorods modified Whatman filter paper (ZnO-NRs/WFP) was further tested for use as a protein preconcentrator. Paper-based ELISA was performed for determination of pre-concentration of cardiac marker protein Myoglobin using the new ZnO-NRs/WFP platform. The ZnO-NRs/WFP could efficiently capture the biomarker even from a very dilute solution (Myoglobin < 50 nM). Our ELISA results show a threefold enhancement in protein capture with ZnO-NRs/WFP compared to unmodified Whatman filter paper, allowing accurate protein analysis and showing the diagnostic concept.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.|BioPRIA, Chemical Engineering department, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
authors.forename: Madhuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinchurkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
authors.forename: V Ramgopal
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: BioPRIA, Chemical Engineering department, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garnier
mesh_terms: D002854:Chromatography, Paper / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D043942:Nanotubes; D010209:Paper; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; D015034:Zinc Oxide