title: Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy on liver hepatocytes and endothelium in HIV patients: An ultrastructural perspective.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy (ART) together can be far more detrimental to liver cells than either of the two unaided. However, ultrastructural aspects of the synergistic effects of HIV and ART have been understudied. In a patient cohort receiving ART, this study characterizes ultrastructurally sinusoidal degeneration, hepatocytic aberrations, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of bulky lipid droplets (steatosis), and occlusion of sinusoidal lumina. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes the accumulation of acetyl-CoA which leads to insulin upregulation and resistance, lipid synthesis, and steatosis. Lipid droplets deposited in the sinusoids could be the source of the blood's lipid profile alterations in HIV patients on ART.
authors.affiliation: a Section of Histopathology , National Eye Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chwiki
authors.affiliation: a Section of Histopathology , National Eye Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Maria Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Immunoregulation , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Pathology , National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.affiliation: d Critical Care Medicine Department, AIDS Section, Clinical Center, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: d Critical Care Medicine Department, AIDS Section, Clinical Center, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Caryn G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.affiliation: a Section of Histopathology , National Eye Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Mones S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abu-Asab
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; endothelium; hepatotoxicity; liver; mitochondria; sinusoid; steatosis