title: Obituary notice: LNT dead at 89 years, a life in the spotlight.
abstract: Considerable recent findings have revealed that the linear dose response for cancer risk assessment has not only outlived its utility in predicting risk but is based on a flawed scientific foundation. The present article characterizes this demise of a key concept of environmental risk assessment, in the framework of a figurative obituary of a long-lived concept that has poorly served society. This obituary is intended to illustrate an integrated mix of poignant and improper historical judgments that led to both the acceptance and ultimately the demise of this once intellectually facile and nearly universally accepted concept.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Calabrese
mesh_terms: D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: Cancer; Dose response; Environmental regulations; Hormesis; LNT; Risk assessment