title: Anticipatory Postural Adjustment During Self-Initiated, Cued, and Compensatory Stepping in Healthy Older Adults and Patients With Parkinson Disease.
abstract: To characterize anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) across a variety of step initiation tasks in people with Parkinson disease (PD) and healthy subjects.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study. Step initiation was analyzed during self-initiated gait, perceptual cued gait, and compensatory forward stepping after platform perturbation. People with PD were assessed on and off levodopa.
  
  
  
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  
  People (N=31) with PD (n=19) and healthy aged-matched subjects (n=12).
  
  
  
  Not applicable.
  
  
  
  Mediolateral (ML) size of APAs (calculated from center of pressure recordings), step kinematics, and body alignment.
  
  
  
  With respect to self-initiated gait, the ML size of APAs was significantly larger during the cued condition and significantly smaller during the compensatory condition (P<.001). Healthy subjects and patients with PD did not differ in body alignment during the stance phase prior to stepping. No significant group effect was found for ML size of APAs between healthy subjects and patients with PD. However, the reduction in APA size from cued to compensatory stepping was significantly less pronounced in PD off medication compared with healthy subjects, as indicated by a significant group by condition interaction effect (P<.01). No significant differences were found comparing patients with PD on and off medications.
  
  
  
  Specific stepping conditions had a significant effect on the preparation and execution of step initiation. Therefore, APA size should be interpreted with respect to the specific stepping condition. Across-task changes in people with PD were less pronounced compared with healthy subjects. Antiparkinsonian medication did not significantly improve step initiation in this mildly affected PD cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schlenstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Fay
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Department of Exercise Science & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ. Electronic address: Daniel.Peterson1@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004856:Postural Balance; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Cues; Exercise; Movement disorders; Neurological rehabilitation; Parkinson disease; Posture; Rehabilitation