title: Occurrence and functional significance of the transcriptome in bovine (Bos taurus) spermatozoa.
abstract: Mammalian spermatozoa deliver various classes of RNAs to the oocyte during fertilization, and many of them may regulate fertility. The objective of the present study was to determine the composition and abundance of spermatozoal transcripts in fresh bull semen. The entire transcriptome of the spermatozoa from bulls (n = 3) was sequenced using two different platforms (Ion Proton and Illumina) to identify the maximum number of genes present in the spermatozoa. The bovine spermatozoa contained transcripts for 13,833 genes (transcripts per million, TPM > 10). Both intact and fragmented transcripts were found. These spermatozoal transcripts were associated with various stages of spermatogenesis, spermatozoal function, fertilization, and embryo development. The presence of intact transcripts of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in the spermatozoa suggest a possible influence of sperm transcripts beyond early embryonic development. The specific regions (exon, intron, and exon-intron) of the particular spermatozoal transcripts might help regulate fertilization. This study demonstrates that the use of two different RNA-seq platforms provides a comprehensive profile of bovine spermatozoal RNA. Spermatozoal RNA profiling may be useful as a non-invasive method to delineate possible causes of male infertility and to predict fertility in a manner that is more effective than the conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: Sellappan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvaraju
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: Sivashanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parthipan
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: Lakshminarayana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Somashekar
authors.affiliation: Omics Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: Atul P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kolte
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krishnan Binsila
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: Arunachalam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arangasamy
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India.
authors.forename: Janivara Parameshwaraiah
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ravindra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D008297:Male; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C094766:pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1