title: [Comparison of long-term dental treatment effects of children treated under general anesthesia and passive restraint].
abstract: Objective:To compare the long-term dental treatment effects, oral health habits and oral-health-related qualities of life of children treated under general anesthesia (GA) and passive restraint (PR), respectively.Methods:Twenty seven 2 to 4-year-old children treated under GA and thirty four children treated under PR were recruited in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Up to 2 years after the treatment, a follow up assessment was conducted. The data of general information, dental plaque level and the unplanned treatments were recorded and analyzed. The questionnaire of oral health habits and early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) for each child was also completed and analyzed. The survival rate and median survival time of the deciduous teeth were calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed by using Cox proportional hazard model.Results:Twenty-five children under GA and 32 under PR were finally included, with a total of 1 098 deciduous teeth. The postoperative dental plaque indicesin both GA and PR groups had significantly improved than that of before the treatments (P=0.019,P<0.001). The oral health habits had also improved, and the improvement in PR group was more obvious than that in GA group. Totally 128 teeth (27.0%) appeared unplanned treatments in GA group and 232 teeth (37.2%) in PR group during the follow-ups. The new caries and recurrent caries in PR group were significantly more than that in GA group (P<0.001,P=0.012). No significant differences were found between the two groups in restoration failure, secondary caries and endodontic diseases (P=0.129,P=0.822,P=0.642). However, the time of occurrence of endodontic disease and secondary caries in GA group were significantly longer than that in PR group (P<0.01,P<0.001). The median survival time of teeth in GA group was 1 018 days comparing to 944 days in PR group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The survival rate was associated with such factors as decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft), anterior or posterior teeth, feeding frequency, brushing habits and behavior management techniques.Conclusions:The long-term dental treatment effects of children treated under GA was significantly better than that of PR group. Continuous reinforcement of proper dietary and oral hygiene habits might help in maintaining the long-term treatment effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004245:DMF Index; D003729:Dental Care / Q000379:methods*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D011788:Quality of Life; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000502:physiology; D014099:Toothbrushing; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anesthesia, general; Comparative study; Pediatric dentistry; Physical restraint