title: The relationship between chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity and anxiety in the general population: A global perspective across 42 countries.
abstract: This cross-sectional study assessed the association of chronic physical conditions and multimorbidity with anxiety among community-dwelling adults in 42 countries.
  
  
  
  Data were analyzed from the World Health Survey including 181,845 adults aged ≥18years. Anxiety in the past 30days and nine chronic physical conditions (angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic back pain, diabetes, edentulism, hearing problem, tuberculosis, and visual impairment) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between chronic physical conditions or the number of them and anxiety.
  
  
  
  After adjustment for confounders, most of the individual chronic physical conditions were significantly associated with anxiety. Compared to those with no physical health conditions, one condition was associated with an almost twofold increased odds of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.94; 95%CI=1.76-2.13), while this figure rose to 5.49 (3.73-8.09) in those with ≥5 conditions.
  
  
  
  Our data suggest that increasing numbers of chronic physical conditions are associated with higher odds for anxiety. Health care providers should consider the presence of anxiety symptoms especially in individuals with physical multimorbidity.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: Davy.Vancampfort@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinksa Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallgren
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000076322:Multimorbidity; D000071069:Multiple Chronic Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angina; Anxiety; Arthritis; Asthma; Back pain; Multimorbidity