title: Tuning the Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Selective Li- and Na-Ion Storage in Hard Carbon.
abstract: Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) films with controllable properties are highly desirable for improving battery performance. In this paper, a combined experimental and theoretical approach is used to study SEI films formed on hard carbon in Li- and Na-ion batteries. It is shown that a stable SEI layer can be designed by precycling an electrode in a desired Li- or Na-based electrolyte, and that ionic transport can be kinetically controlled. Selective Li- and Na-based SEI membranes are produced using Li- or Na-based electrolytes, respectively. The Na-based SEI allows easy transport of Li ions, while the Li-based SEI shuts off Na-ion transport. Na-ion storage can be manipulated by tuning the SEI layer with film-forming electrolyte additives, or by preforming an SEI layer on the electrode surface. The Na specific capacity can be controlled to < 25 mAh g-1; ≈ 1/10 of the normal capacity (250 mAh g-1). Unusual selective/preferential transport of Li ions is demonstrated by preforming an SEI layer on the electrode surface and corroborated with a mixed electrolyte. This work may provide new guidance for preparing good ion-selective conductors using electrochemical approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Engelhard
authors.affiliation: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzouk
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Chongmin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Guiliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Zonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amine
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Sprenkle
authors.affiliation: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Fedwa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Mellouhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA.
authors.forename: Perla B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Balbuena
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Li-ion batteries; Na-ion batteries; selective ion transfer; solid-electrolyte interphase