title: The metabolic pathway of metamifop degradation by consortium ME-1 and its bacterial community structure.
abstract: Metamifop is universally used in agriculture as a post-emergence aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicide (AOPP), however its microbial degradation mechanism remains unclear. Consortium ME-1 isolated from AOPP-contaminated soil can degrade metamifop completely after 6 days and utilize it as the carbon source for bacterial growth. Meanwhile, consortium ME-1 possessed the ability to degrade metamifop stably under a wide range of pH (6.0-10.0) or temperature (20-42 °C). HPLC-MS analysis shows that N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-methyl propionamide, 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propionic acid, 6-chloro-2-benzoxazolinone and N-methyl-2-fluoroaniline, were detected and identified as four intermediate metabolites. Based on the metabolites identified, a putative metabolic pathway of metamifop was proposed for the first time. In addition, the consortium ME-1 was also able to transform or degrade other AOPP such as fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl and cyhalofop-butyl. Moreover, the community structure of ME-1 with lower microbial diversity compared with the initial soil sample was investigated by high throughput sequencing. β-Proteobacteria and Sphingobacteria were the largest class with sequence percentages of 46.6% and 27.55% at the class level. In addition, 50 genera were classified in consortium ME-1, of which Methylobacillus, Sphingobacterium, Bordetella and Flavobacterium were the dominant genera with sequence percentages of 25.79, 25.61, 14.68 and 9.55%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.|Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiliang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8556-5689
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kuan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.|Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fengxue
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.|Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.|Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. majiangfeng@njtech.edu.cn.|Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. majiangfeng@njtech.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiangfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. bioengine@njtech.edu.cn.|Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. bioengine@njtech.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001583:Benzoxazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055442:Metabolome; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C522766:2-(4-(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy)-2'-fluoro-N-methylpropionanilide; D000813:Anilides; D001583:Benzoxazoles; D006540:Herbicides
keywords: Aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicide; Community structure; Consortium ME-1; Metabolic pathway; Metamifop