title: Comparative analysis of the susceptibility to biocides and heavy metals of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates of human and avian origin, Germany.
abstract: A total of 174 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected from humans (n=140) and healthy broiler chickens (n = 34) was included in the study. The MIC values of alkyl diaminoethyl glycin hydrochloride, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, acriflavine, copper sulfate, silver nitrate and zinc chloride were determined by the broth microdilution method. Significant differences in MIC distributions were found between human and avian isolates and between CTX-M-, SHV- and TEM-type ESBL E. coli for chlorhexidine, silver nitrate, zinc chloride and copper sulfate by statistical analysis. Isolates with reduced susceptibility were investigated for the presence and localization of tolerance-mediating genes by PCR analysis and Southern blotting. The genes emrE, mdfA, sugE(c), cueO, copA, zntA and zitB were commonly present in isolates with elevated MICs, while the genes qacE∆1, qacF, qacH, sugE(p), cusC and pcoA, were less prevalent. In several isolates, a plasmid localization of the genes qacE∆1, qacF, qacH and sugE(p) on large plasmids >20 kb was detected.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deus
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krischek
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch-Institute, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Wernigerode, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fiegen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Guenter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: corinna.kehrenberg@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kehrenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002645:Chickens; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Biocides; ESBL-producing E. coli; Heavy metals; MIC values; Susceptibility