title: The great opportunity of the andrological patient: cardiovascular and metabolic risk assessment and prevention.
abstract: Andrologists, cardiologists and diabetologists (and general practitioners) have the great opportunity to collaborate and find shared clinical workup for the benefit of a large number of men. Several evidence established a link between erectile dysfunction (ED), cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Not only these conditions share many risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms but also an emerging paradigm indicates that ED is, in fact, an independent marker of cardiovascular disease risk, CV events and CV mortality. However, there is no consensus on the best cardiologic investigation in men with ED with no known CVD and, on the contrary, on what is the clinical and prognostic role of detecting ED during cardiovascular investigation and CVD risk assessment. Only vasculogenic ED, which represents the most common type of organic ED, indeed represents a harbinger of CVD, especially for younger patients, and might be diagnosed by dynamic penile color doppler ultrasonography, which represents a real cardiovascular imaging technique that give evidence on the presence of systemic endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, assessment of glucose and lipid metabolism is warranted as first step workup in all ED patients, and diabetologists should ask their patients for erectile function, address ED patients to andrologists, and consider vasculogenic ED in the context of the cardiovascular and metabolic workup and in the context of diabetic complications. Sexual symptoms (and testosterone levels) should sound as harbinger for cardiovascular and metabolic investigation and cardiologists and diabetologists have the opportunity to have a symptom (erectile dysfunction) and a vascular test (penile color doppler) that help them in better management of patients, their comorbidities and complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6576-2183
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foresta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food and Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montorsi
mesh_terms: D033441:Andrology / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: cardiology; diabetes; erectile dysfunction; metabolic syndrome; metabolism; obesity; penile ecocolor doppler