title: Specialized pro-resolving mediators in cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: The resolution of inflammation is a highly regulated process enacted by endogenous mediators including specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs): the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins. SPMs activate specific cellular receptors to temper the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, diminish the recruitment of neutrophils, and promote the clearance of dead cells by macrophages. These mediators also enhance host-defense and couple resolution of inflammation to subsequent phases of tissue repair. Given that unresolved inflammation plays a causal role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, an understanding of these endogenous pro-resolving processes is critical for determining why cardiovascular inflammation does not resolve. Here, we discuss the receptor-dependent actions of resolvins and related pro-resolving mediators and highlight their emerging roles in the cardiovascular system. We propose that stimulating resolution could be a novel approach for treating chronic cardiovascular inflammation without promoting immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology in the Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA. Electronic address: fredmag@mail.amc.edu.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fredman
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spite
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015539:Platelet Activation; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Resolution of inflammation; Specialized pro-resolving mediators