title: Human orbital and anterior medial prefrontal cortex: Intrinsic connectivity parcellation and functional organization.
abstract: The orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) has been implicated in decision-making, reward and emotion processing, and psychopathology, such as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human and monkey anatomical studies indicate the presence of various cortical subdivisions and suggest that these are organized in two extended networks, a medial and an orbital one. Attempts have been made to replicate these neuroanatomical findings in vivo using MRI techniques for imaging connectivity. These revealed several consistencies, but also many inconsistencies between reported results. Here, we use fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and data-driven modularity optimization to parcellate the OMPFC to investigate replicability of in vivo parcellation more systematically. By collecting two resting-state data sets per participant, we were able to quantify the reliability of the observed modules and their boundaries. Results show that there was significantly more than chance overlap in modules and their boundaries at the level of individual data sets. Moreover, some of these consistent boundaries significantly co-localized across participants. Hierarchical clustering showed that the whole-brain FC profiles of the OMPFC subregions separate them in two networks, a medial and orbital one, which overlap with the organization proposed by Barbas and Pandya (J Comp Neurol 286:353-375, 1989) and Ongür and Price (Cereb Cortex 10:206-219, 2000). We conclude that in vivo resting-state FC can delineate reliable and neuroanatomically plausible subdivisions that agree with established cytoarchitectonic trends and connectivity patterns, while other subdivisions do not show the same consistency across data sets and studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (East), 6229, ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (East), 6229, ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth A T
authors.initials: EAT
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Research Group: Neuroanatomy and Connectivity, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goulas
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harry B M
authors.initials: HBM
authors.lastname: Uylings
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (East), 6229, ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ramaekers
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (East), 6229, ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. peter.stiers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-1474
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stiers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Functional connectivity; Human; MRI; Modularity; Orbital-medial prefrontal cortex; Parcellation