title: Sleep disruption in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease of the upper airways and paranasal sinuses with a marked decline in quality of life (QOL). CRS patients suffer from sleep disruption at a significantly higher proportion (60 to 75%) than in the general population (8-18 %). Sleep disruption in CRS causes decreased QOL and is linked to poor functional outcomes such as impaired cognitive function and depression. Areas covered: A systematic PubMed/Medline search was done to assess the results of studies that have investigated sleep and sleep disturbances in CRS. Expert commentary: These studies reported sleep disruption in most CRS patients. The main risk factors for sleep disruption in CRS include allergic rhinitis, smoking, and high SNOT-22 total scores. The literature is inconsistent with regard to the prevalence of sleep-related disordered breathing (e.g. obstructive sleep apnea) in CRS patients. Although nasal obstruction is linked to sleep disruption, the extent of sleep disruption in CRS seems to expand beyond that expected from physical blockage of the upper airways alone. Despite the high prevalence of sleep disruption in CRS, and its detrimental effects on QOL, the literature contains a paucity of studies that have investigated the mechanisms underlying this major problem in CRS.
authors.affiliation: a Allergy and Immunology Section, Department of Immunology and Microbiology , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Mahboobeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavinia
authors.affiliation: b Division of Allergy-Immunology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
authors.affiliation: c Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keshavarzian
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); infection; respiratory; sleep; sleep disruption