title: Impact of educational interventions on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review with a focus on physical activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies illustrates the beneficial impact of healthy lifestyle behaviours on cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of primary care health education interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyles on physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer-aided search on PubMed and Scopus was performed to identify relevant studies published from January 2000 to October 2016. Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion and extracted data, including intervention characteristics and outcome measures, namely physical activity and cardiovascular risk or risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 212 identified studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria. The 15 studies enrolled 6727 participants; the sample size varied between 74 and 878 adults. Fourteen studies assessed physical activity by questionnaire and only one study used accelerometry. Eight of the 15 studies showed improvements in the physical activity levels after the intervention, ranging from 5% to 26% in those where significant changes between groups were detected. Most studies reported significant positive effects of the health education interventions on cardiovascular risk factors, mainly on lipid profile, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The health education interventions, in primary care, seem to improve daily physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors and risk score.
authors.affiliation: a Espaço Saúde Health Unit , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramôa Castro
authors.affiliation: b Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Nórton L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: c School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: b Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses; general; general practice/family medicine; health education; prevention