title: Improvement of cardiometabolic markers after fish oil intervention in young Mexican adults and the role of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A.
abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in fish oil (FO) are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) that may induce changes in cardiometabolic markers. Variation in PPAR genes may influence the beneficial responses linked to FO supplementation in young adults. The study aimed to analyze the effect of FO supplementation on glucose metabolism, circulating lipids and inflammation according to PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A genotypes in young Mexican adults. 191 young, non-smoking subjects between 18 and 40 years were included in a one-arm study. Participants were supplemented with 2.7 g/day of EPA+DHA, during six weeks. Dietary analysis, body composition measurements and indicators for glucose metabolism, circulating lipids, and markers for inflammation were analyzed before and after intervention. An overall decrease in triglycerides (TG) and an increase in HS-ω3 index were observed in all subjects [-4.1 mg/dL, (SD:±51.7), P=.02 and 2.6%, (SD:±1.2), P<.001 respectively]. Mean fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) were significantly decreased in all subjects [-0.547mlU/L, (SD:±10.29), P=.034 and-0.07%, (SD:±0.3), P<.001 respectively], whereas there was no change in body composition, fasting glucose, adiponectin and inflammatory markers. Subjects carrying the minor alleles of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A had higher responses in reduction of TG and fasting insulin respectively. Interestingly, doses below 2.7 g/day (1.8 g/day) were sufficient to induce a significant reduction in fasting insulin and HbA1c% from baseline (P=.019 and P<.001). The observed responses in triglycerides and fasting insulin in the Mexican population give further evidence of the importance of FO supplementation in young people as an early step towards the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aristea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Binia
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vargas-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico en el INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ancira-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gosoniu
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Montoliu
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elí
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gámez-Valdez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico en el INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Diana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Soria-Contreras
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angeles-Quezada
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Alberto
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez-Conde
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Brianda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hernández-Morán
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Solano
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Yanelli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Carmona
authors.affiliation: Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castan
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rubio-Aliaga
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico en el INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vadillo-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Márquez-Velasco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bojalil
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: López-Alvarenga
authors.affiliation: Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valet
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; Systems Biology in Nutrition and Health, The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kussmann
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silva-Zolezzi
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: etejero@inmegen.gob.mx.
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tejero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Epistasis; Fish Oil; PPARα L162V; PPARγ2 P12A; PUFA