title: Expanding the repertoire of deadenylases.
abstract: Deadenylases belong to an expanding family of exoribonucleases involved mainly in mRNA stability and turnover, with the exception of PARN which has additional roles in the biogenesis of several important non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs and piRNAs. Recently, PARN in C. elegans and its homolog PNLDC1 in B. mori were reported as the elusive trimmers mediating piRNA biogenesis. In addition, characterization of mammalian PNLDC1 in comparison to PARN, showed that is specifically expressed in embryonic stem and germ cells, as well as during early embryo development. Moreover, its expression is correlated with epigenetic events mediated by the de novo DNMT3b methyltransferase and knockdown in stem cells upregulates important genes that regulate multipotency. The recent data suggest that at least some new deadenylases may have expanded roles in cell metabolism as regulators of gene expression, through mRNA deadenylation, ncRNAs biogenesis and ncRNA-mediated mRNA targeting, linking essential mechanisms that regulate epigenetic control and transition events during differentiation. The possible roles of mammalian PNLDC1 along those dynamic networks are discussed in the light of new extremely important findings.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, University of Patras , Greece.
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skeparnias
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, University of Patras , Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Αnastasakis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, University of Patras , Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios-Nasir
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shaukat
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, University of Patras , Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grafanaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, University of Patras , Greece.
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stathopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005095:Exoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
keywords: Deadenylases; PARN; PNLDC1; mRNA turnover; non-coding RNAs; piRNAs; poly(A) tail; stem cells