title: Automated tracking, segmentation and trajectory classification of pelvic organs on dynamic MRI.
abstract: Pelvic organ prolapse is a major health problem in women where pelvic floor organs (bladder, uterus, small bowel, and rectum) fall from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) is presently used to analyze the organs' movements from rest to maximum strain providing complementary support for diagnosis. However, there is currently no automated or quantitative approach to measure the movement of the pelvic organs and their correlation with the severity of prolapse. In this paper, a two-stage method is presented to automatically track and segment pelvic organs on DMRI followed by a multiple-object trajectory classification method to improve the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse. Organs are first tracked using particle filters and K-means clustering with prior information. Then, they are segmented using the convex hull of the cluster of particles. Finally, the trajectories of the pelvic organs are modeled using a new Coupled Switched Hidden Markov Model (CSHMM) to classify the severity of pelvic organ prolapse. The tracking and segmentation results are validated using Dice Similarity Index (DSI) whereas the classification results are compared with two manual clinical measurements. Results demonstrate that the presented method is able to automatically track and segment pelvic organs with a DSI above 82% for 26 out of 46 cases and DSI above 75% for all 46 tested cases. The accuracy of the trajectory classification model is also better than current manual measurements.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nekooeimehr
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai-Yuen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weitzenfeld
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012007:Rectum; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D014621:Vagina