title: Initial diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Australia: views from the coal face.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early diagnosis and management can mitigate the long-term morbidity and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To gain insights into the initial diagnostic process and early management of COPD by Australian general practitioners (GP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of Australian GP was invited to complete a postal survey, which assessed familiarity with and use of contemporary practice guidelines, diagnostic criteria and management preferences for COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 233 GP completed the survey. While most GP based a COPD diagnosis on smoking history (94.4%), symptoms (91.0%) and spirometry (88.8%), only 39.9% of respondents recorded a formal diagnosis of COPD after the patient's first symptomatic presentation. Tiotropium was the preferred treatment in 77.3% of GP for the initial management of COPD, while only 27.5% routinely recommended pulmonary rehabilitation. GP routinely recorded patients' smoking status and offered smoking cessation advice, but the timing of this advice varied. Less than half of the respondents routinely used COPD management guidelines or tools and resources provided by the Australian Lung Foundation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is scope for major improvement in GP familiarity with and use of COPD management guidelines and readily available tools and resources. Some systematic issues were highlighted in the Australian primary care setting, such as a reactive and relatively passive and delayed approach to diagnosis, potentially delayed smoking cessation advice and underutilisation of pulmonary rehabilitation. There is an urgent need to devise strategies for improving patient outcomes in COPD using resources that are readily available.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-4817
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bereznicki
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Haydn
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bereznicki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: chronic obstructive; diagnosis; disease management; general practice; guideline adherence; pulmonary disease