title: Infiltrated bunch of solitons in Bi-doped frequency-shifted feedback fibre laser operated at 1450 nm.
abstract: Mode-locked fibre laser as a dissipative system is characterized by rich forms of soliton interaction, which take place via internal energy exchange through noisy background in the presence of dispersion and nonlinearity. The result of soliton interaction was either stationary-localized or chaotically-oscillated soliton complexes, which have been shown before as stand-alone in the cavity. Here we report on a new form of solitons complex observed in Bi-doped mode-locked fibre laser operated at 1450 nm. The solitons are arranged in two different group types contemporizing in the cavity: one pulse group propagates as bound solitons with fixed phase relation and interpulse position eventuated in 30 dB spectrum modulation depth; while the other pulses form a bunch with continuously and chaotically moving solitons. The article describes both experimental and theoretical considerations of this effect.
authors.affiliation: Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, 3 Korkeakoulunkatu, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Joona
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.affiliation: Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy street, 432017, Ulyanovsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Korobko
authors.affiliation: Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy street, 432017, Ulyanovsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Zolotovsky
authors.affiliation: Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119333 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melkumov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin Street, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Khopin
authors.affiliation: Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, 3 Korkeakoulunkatu, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gumenyuk