title: The association of sleep and late-night cell phone use among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the relationship of late-night cell phone use with sleep duration and quality in a sample of Iranian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 2400 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, living in Isfahan, Iran. Age, body mass index, sleep duration, cell phone use after 9p.m., and physical activity were documented. For sleep assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participation rate was 90.4% (n=2257 adolescents). The mean (SD) age of participants was 15.44 (1.55) years; 1270 participants reported to use cell phone after 9p.m. Overall, 56.1% of girls and 38.9% of boys reported poor quality sleep, respectively. Wake-up time was 8:17 a.m. (2.33), among late-night cell phone users and 8:03a.m. (2.11) among non-users. Most (52%) late-night cell phone users had poor sleep quality. Sedentary participants had higher sleep latency than their peers. Adjusted binary and multinomial logistic regression models showed that late-night cell users were 1.39 times more likely to have a poor sleep quality than non-users (p-value<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late-night cell phone use by adolescents was associated with poorer sleep quality. Participants who were physically active had better sleep quality and quantity. As part of healthy lifestyle recommendations, avoidance of late-night cell phone use should be encouraged in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amra
authors.affiliation: Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahsavari
authors.affiliation: Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shayan-Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mirheli
authors.affiliation: Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moradi-Khaniabadi
authors.affiliation: Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazukar
authors.affiliation: Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadollahi-Farsani
authors.affiliation: Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: kelishadi@med.mui.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D015992:Body Mass Index; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adolescentes; Adolescents; Cell phone; Celular; Sleep; Sono