title: Genotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr in mammalian cells by oxidative DNA damage evaluation using the Endo III and FPG alkaline comet assays.
abstract: We evaluated the role of oxidative stress in the genotoxic damage induced by imazethapyr (IMZT) and its formulation Pivot® in mammalian CHO-K1 cell line. Using the alkaline comet assay, we observed that a concentration of 0.1 μg/mL of IMZT or Pivot® was able to induce DNA damage by increasing the frequency of damaged nucleoids. To test whether the DNA lesions were caused by oxidative stress, the DNA repair enzymes endonuclease III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which convert base damage to strand breaks, were used. Our results demonstrate that after treatment of CHO-K1 cells with the pure active ingredient as well as the commercial formulation Pivot®, an increase in DNA strand breaks was observed after incubation of both Endo III and Fpg enzymes, indicating that both compounds induce DNA damage involving both pyrimidine and purine-based oxidations, at least in CHO-K1 cells. Our findings confirm the genotoxic potential of IMZT and suggest that this herbicide formulation must be employed with great caution, especially not only for exposed occupational workers but also for other living species.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soloneski
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Arcaute
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikoloff
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina. marcelo.larramendy@gmail.com.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. marcelo.larramendy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Larramendy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D043224:Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer); D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006540:Herbicides; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; C093630:imazethapyr; D043224:Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer); C106403:NTH protein, E coli
keywords: Comet assay; Imazethapyr-based formulation; Imidazolinone herbicides; Oxidative DNA damage