title: Detection of unexpected frauds: Screening and quantification of maleic acid in cassava starch by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics were adopted for the rapid analysis of a toxic additive, maleic acid (MA), which has emerged as a new extraneous adulterant in cassava starch (CS). After developing an untargeted screening method for MA detection in CS using one-class partial least squares (OCPLS), multivariate calibration models were subsequently developed using least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) to quantitatively analyze MA. As a result, the OCPLS model using the second-order derivative (D2) spectra detected 0.6%(w/w) adulterated MA in CS, with a sensitivity of 0.954 and specificity of 0.956. The root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.192(w/w, %) by using the standard normal variate (SNV) transformation LS-SVM. In conclusion, the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics was demonstrated for application in rapid screening and quantitative analysis of MA in CS, which also implies that they have other promising applications for untargeted analysis.
authors.affiliation: The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China. Electronic address: fuhaiyan@mail.scuec.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: He-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China. Electronic address: lxchemo@163.com.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiao-Bo
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Tian-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen-Bo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China. Electronic address: sheyb@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuan-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: She
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008298:Maleates / Q000032:analysis*; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D008298:Maleates; D013213:Starch; C030272:maleic acid
keywords: Cassava starch; Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR); Least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM); Maleic acid; One-class partial least squares (OCPLS)