title: Hypoxia effects on oxidative stress and immunocompetence biomarkers in the mussel Perna perna (Mytilidae, Bivalvia).
abstract: This study investigated the effects of hypoxia on oxidative stress response and immune function in mussels Perna perna exposed to air for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. In air-exposed mussels, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were lower in gill tissues (24-48 h) and digestive gland (12 h), while the glutathione peroxidase and GR activities were increased in the digestive gland (48 h). In both tissues, aerial exposure promoted a rapid (6 h) and persistent (up to 48 h) increase of glutathione levels. Decreased hemocyte count and viability, as well as increased phagocytic activity and cellular adhesion capacity were detected after prolonged aerial exposure (>12 h). In summary, induction of thiol pools, altered antioxidant enzyme activities, and activation of immune responses were detected in hypoxia exposed brown mussels, indicating hypoxia induced tissue-specific responses in both antioxidant and immune systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lílian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Defesas Celulares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Ferraz
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Defesas Celulares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Defesas Celulares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: da Silva Acosta
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Defesas Celulares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alcir Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dafre
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D049883:Perna / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant defenses; Bivalves; Hemocytes; Immune system; Reduced oxygen levels