title: Targeted Drug Delivery in Covalent Organic Nanosheets (CONs) via Sequential Postsynthetic Modification.
abstract: Covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) have emerged as a new class of functional two-dimensional (2D) porous organic polymeric materials with a high accessible surface, diverse functionality, and chemical stability. They could become versatile candidates for targeted drug delivery. Despite their many advantages, there are limitations to their use for target specific drug delivery. We anticipated that these drawbacks could be overturned by judicious postsynthetic modification steps to use CONs for targeted drug delivery. The postsynthetic modification would not only produce the desired functionality, it would also help to exfoliate to CONs as well. In order to meet this requirement, we have developed a facile, salt-mediated synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The COFs were subjected to sequential postsynthetic modifications to yield functionalized targeted CONs for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil to breast cancer cells. This postsynthetic modification resulted in simultaneous chemical delamination and functionalization to targeted CONs. Targeted CONs showed sustained release of the drug to the cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, which led to cancer cell death via apoptosis. Considering the easy and facile COF synthesis, functionality based postsynthetic modifications, and chemical delamination to CONs for potential advantageous targeted drug delivery, this process can have a significant impact in biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India.
authors.forename: Shouvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Himadri Sekhar
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sasmal
authors.affiliation: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Tanay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Sharath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandambeth
authors.affiliation: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Kavya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Illath
authors.affiliation: Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg ,Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.|IQAC-CSIC , Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Díaz Díaz
authors.affiliation: Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3547-4746
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D000073396:Metal-Organic Frameworks / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000073396:Metal-Organic Frameworks; C029501:4-toluenesulfonic acid; D005472:Fluorouracil