title: Vitamin Fortification of Fluid Milk.
abstract: Vitamin concentrates with vitamins A and D are used for fortification of fluid milk. Although many of the degradation components of vitamins A and D have an important role in flavor/fragrance applications, they may also be source(s) of off-flavor(s) in vitamin fortified milk due to their heat, oxygen, and the light sensitivity. It is very important for the dairy industry to understand how vitamin concentrates can impact flavor and flavor stability of fluid milk. Currently, little research on vitamin degradation products can be found with respect to flavor contributions. In this review, the history, regulations, processing, and storage stability of vitamins in fluid milk are addressed along with some hypotheses for the role of vitamin A and D fortification on flavor and stability of fluid milk.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Eileen B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Northeast Dairy Foods Research Center, Dept. of Food Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, U.S.A.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barbano
authors.affiliation: Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695, U.S.A.
authors.forename: MaryAnne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005511:Food Handling; D061353:Food Storage; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D013649:Taste; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000032:analysis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: fluid milk; light oxidation; vitamin A; vitamin D; vitamin fortification