title: Pre-adolescent Receptivity to Tobacco Marketing and Its Relationship to Acquiring Friends Who Smoke and Cigarette Smoking Initiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study extends research on receptivity to tobacco marketing over a key developmental period for cigarette smoking experimentation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of receptivity to tobacco marketing and exposure to friends who smoke on smoking experimentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 10 to 13 years old who had never tried cigarettes (n = 878), interviewed six times at 8-month intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 25% percent of the 10 and 11 years old in the sample of never smokers were receptive to tobacco marketing, while less than 5% had friends who smoked. Having a friend who smoked at study baseline and acquiring such friends for the first time during the study were the strongest predictors of smoking experimentation. Initial receptivity to tobacco marketing increased the risk of smoking experimentation independently of having friends who smoke at baseline or acquiring friends who smoke throughout the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high level of receptivity observed even among 10 and 11 years old and its robust relationship with cigarette smoking experimentation independent of the significant risk associated with having friends who smoke suggests that successful prevention of receptivity may require intervention at an early age.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA. dstrong@ucsd.edu.|Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA. dstrong@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.|Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.|Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sheri J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.|Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nodora
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.|Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leas
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pharris-Ciurej
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borek
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC0901, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0901, USA.|Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000076363:Academic Success; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing; D016487:Parenting; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment
keywords: Depression; Parenting; Receptivity to tobacco marketing; Smoking experimentation; Tobacco advertising