title: The effects of different exercise training modalities on plasma proenkephalin Peptide F in women.
abstract: Due to the important interactions of proenkephalin fragments (e.g., proenkephalin [107-140] Peptide F) to enhance activation of immune cells and potentially combat pain associated with exercise-induced muscle tissue damage, we examined the differential plasma responses of Peptide F to different exercise training programs. Participants were tested pre-training (T1), and after 8 weeks (T2) of training. Fifty-nine healthy women were matched and then randomly assigned to one of four groups: heavy resistance strength training (STR, n=18), high intensity endurance training (END, n=14), combined strength and endurance training (CMB, n=17), or control (CON, n=10). Blood was collected using a cannula inserted into a superficial vein in the antecubital fossa with samples collected at rest and immediately after an acute bout of 6 X 10 RM in a squat resistance exercise before training and after training. Prior to any training, no significant differences were observed for any of the groups before or after acute exercise. With training, significant (P≤0.95) elevations were observed with acute exercise in each of the exercise training groups and this effect was significantly greater in the CMB group. These data indicate that in untrained women exercise training will not change resting of plasma Peptide F concentrations unless both forms of exercise are performed but will result in significant increases in the immediate post-exercise responses. Such findings appear to indicate adrenal medullary adaptations opioid production significantly altered with exercise training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: DuPont
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States. Electronic address: kraemer.44@osu.edu.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Bradley C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Nindl
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Elaine C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Quest Diagnostics, Madison, NJ, United States.
authors.forename: Maren S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fragala
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
authors.forename: Disa L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Lydia K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Beeler
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000072601:Cannula; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D055070:Resistance Training; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; C036452:peptide F
keywords: Endurance exercise; Opioid peptides; Physical training; Strength