title: Robust estimation of simulated urinary volume from camera images under bathroom illumination.
abstract: General uroflowmetry method involves the risk of nosocomial infections or time and effort of the recording. Medical institutions, therefore, need to measure voided volume simply and hygienically. Multiple cylindrical model that can estimate the fluid flow rate from the photographed image using camera has been proposed in an earlier study. This study implemented a flow rate estimation by using a general-purpose camera system (Raspberry Pi Camera Module) and the multiple cylindrical model. However, large amounts of noise in extracting liquid region are generated by the variation of the illumination when performing measurements in the bathroom. So the estimation error gets very large. In other words, the specifications of the previous study's camera setup regarding the shutter type and the frame rate was too strict. In this study, we relax the specifications to achieve a flow rate estimation using a general-purpose camera. In order to determine the appropriate approximate curve, we propose a binarizing method using background subtraction at each scanning row and a curve approximation method using RANSAC. Finally, by evaluating the estimation accuracy of our experiment and by comparing it with the earlier study's results, we show the effectiveness of our proposed method for flow rate estimation.
authors.forename: Chizuru
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Md Shoaib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanaka
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oguri
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008029:Lighting; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009622:Noise; D010781:Photography; D014038:Toilet Facilities; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection