title: Osteoblast-like cell responses to ion products released from magnesium- and silicate-containing calcium carbonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inorganic ions released from bioceramics and bioactive glasses have been reported to influence osteogenic cell functions. Cell responses depend on types of the ions provided, for example, silicate ion has been found to up-regulate their proliferation, differentiation and mineralization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured in media containing silicate and calcium ions with/without magnesium ion to evaluate their combined effects on the cell's functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cells were cultured in the media containing the extract of silicate-containing vaterite (SiV) and magnesium- and siloxane-containing one (MgSiV) and normal medium and then their adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adhesion of the cells was enhanced when they were cultured in the medium containing MgSiV-extract. Their proliferation and differentiation were up-regulated in both media containing MgSiV-extract and SiV-extract. In particular, the MgSiV-extract significantly enhanced their differentiation than the SiV-extract. This was supported by the mineralization test's results, which showed a large amount of mineral deposit was observed in the cells cultured in the MgSiV-extract medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing the three kinds of ions was effective for up-regulating the cell's mineralization compared to providing silicate and calcium ions without magnesium ion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Ceramics, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Yabashi Industries Co., Ltd., 226 Akasaka-cho, Ogaki 503-2213, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Ceramics, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Ceramics, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasuga
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D017640:Silicates; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Osteoblast-like cells; calcium carbonate; inorganic ions; mineralization