title: Estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of Sunset Yellow FCF by the Brazilian population.
abstract: This study estimated the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) of Sunset Yellow (SY) synthetic food dye by the Brazilian population through food consumption data from the Household Budget Survey (HBS) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2008/09). The study covered the population in urban and rural areas in the five regions of the country, and from different age groups, in order to verify if it were possible to exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of SY, which is 4.0 mg kg-1body weight. This was assessed by cross-checking food products containing this dye from the largest supermarket chains in Brazil with data from the HBS-IBGE 2008/09. These data showed that the average consumption of SY per capita did not exceed the ADI in any of the aforementioned population groups. However, when considering food consumption in urban and rural areas (279 and 260 mg of SY day-1), in the five regions of the country (260-338 mg of SY day-1), and for adolescents (332 mg SY day-1), it is noted that part of the population could be exceeding the recommended ADI, which may pose health risks. Although it is unlikely that individuals will exceed the SY ADI, this may occur in some cases, especially for younger people.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brasil.
authors.forename: Luana Carolina Alves
authors.initials: LCA
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brasil.
authors.forename: Patricia Da Silva
authors.initials: PDS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brasil.
authors.forename: Adson Storck
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brasil.
authors.forename: Alessandro De Oliveira
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brasil.
authors.forename: Florencia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cladera-Olivera
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; C005842:6-hydroxy-5-((p- sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt
keywords: Sunset Yellow FCF; acceptable daily intake; additive; dye