title: An Assessment of Direct Restorative Material Use in Posterior Teeth by American and Canadian Pediatric Dentists: II. Rubber Dam Isolation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess usage, indications, and contraindications for rubber dam isolation (RDI) by pediatric dentists in Canada and the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey was utilized to collect the opinions of all active pediatric dentist members of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry on the use of direct restorative materials in posterior teeth (n equals 4,648; 19.3 percent response rate). The main survey also included a domain on the RDI utilization and its perceived indications and contraindications. Bivariate and multivariate analyses for RDI usage and its predictor were performed at two-tailed P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A response rate of 19.3 percent was obtained. Most participants (72.5 percent) reported using RDI "all the time." The material with the lowest usage of RDI was composite (82 percent) in the primary dentition and stainless steel crown (80.7 percent) in the permanent dentition. The three top-noted reasons for not using RDI included decreased trauma to the patient (66.2 percent), being able to prevent soft tissue from interfering without using RDI (55.9 percent), and decreased time for appointments (45.6 percent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rubber dam isolation was valued by the majority of pediatric dentists when restoring primary and permanent dentition for all materials.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric dentist in private practice, at the Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rae E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Varughese
authors.affiliation: Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.affiliation: Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Amir.Azarpazhooh@dentistry.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azarpazhooh
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D003188:Composite Resins; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003764:Dental Materials; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003815:Dentists; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010377:Pediatric Dentistry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016733:Rubber Dams / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013193:Stainless Steel; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D064878:Web Browser
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D013193:Stainless Steel