title: In silico and In vivo Toxicological Evaluation of Cissampelos Sympodialis Secondary Metabolites in Rattus Norvegicus.
abstract: Cissampelos sympodialis is a plant in northeastern Brazil used by the populace for treating respiratory diseases. Several studies have shown that ethanol leaf extracts have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Infusions are widely used, popular, and an ancient technique in traditional medicine, using hot water alone as the means of extraction. This study aimed to investigate acute toxicological potential of leaf infusions of Cissampelos sympodialis, when applied orally at a dose of 2000mg/kg to Rattus norvegicus, combined with an in silico study of 117 alkaloids present in the Cissampelos genus; five (5) of which were determined to have high toxicity (21, 8, 93, 32 and 88), and five (5) having both low toxicity (57, 77, 28, 25 and 67) and low liver metabolism. The in vivo toxicological evaluation showed that male water consumption decreased, and the feed intake decreased in both sexes. Yet, the figures as to change in weight gain of the animals were not statistically sufficient. As for the biochemical parameters, there was an increase in urea, and decreases in uric acid and AST in males. In females, there was a decrease in albumin and globulin which consequently leads to a total protein decrease. Despite biochemical changes suggestive of kidney damage, the histological sections revealed no kidney or liver changes. The results therefore indicate that despite presenting alkaloids which may be toxic, the genus Cissampelos, or leaf infusions of Cissampelos sympodialis, when applied orally at a dose of 2000mg/kg present low toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Scotti
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hamilton M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ishiki
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinthia Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus I, Recife-PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josean F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M B
authors.initials: JMB
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kardilândia M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea F R
authors.initials: AFR
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: State University of Paraíba, Biological Science Department, Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, 58070-450, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco J B
authors.initials: FJB
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scotti
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: da Paz
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sócrates G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de F F M Diniz
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D031606:Cissampelos; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012712:Serum Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012712:Serum Globulins; D014527:Uric Acid; D014508:Urea; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases
keywords: Cissampelos sympodialis; Metasite; acute toxicity; histopathological; in silico; in vivo; infuse