title: Temporal effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on expression of the circadian genes and steroidogenesis-related genes in human luteinized granulosa cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown in animal models that circadian clock exists in corpora luteum which is essential for maintaining pregnancy. However, it is unknown whether circadian clock exists in corpora luteum and its relation with steroidogenesis in human ovary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human luteinized granulosa cells from patients who underwent in vitro fertilization treatment were purified and cultured in vitro. Accumulation patterns of circadian gene and steroidogenesis-related gene mRNAs in human luteinized granulosa cells were observed during the 48 hours after treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the circadian genes CLOCK, PER2, and BMAL1 were expressed in cultured human luteinized granulosa cells. Among these genes, only expression of PER2 displayed oscillating patterns with a 16-h period in these cells after stimulation by hCG. Expression of CLOCK and BMAL1 did not show significant oscillating patterns. Expression of the steroidal acute regulatory protein (STAR) gene showed an oscillating pattern that was similar to that of PER2. Expression of CYP11A1, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 increased significantly after hCG stimulation; however, none of these genes displayed significant oscillating patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular circadian clock exists in human luteinized granulosa cells and may be related with steroidogenesis in human ovary.
authors.affiliation: a Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China and.
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China and.
authors.forename: Yanwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China and.
authors.forename: Benyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Hepatic Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China and.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China and.
authors.forename: Canquan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001141:Aromatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D034461:Luteinization / Q000378:metabolism*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011375:Progesterone Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; C421902:PER2 protein, human; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; C533068:3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II; D011375:Progesterone Reductase; D001141:Aromatase; C561410:CYP19A1 protein, human; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538943:CLOCK protein, human
keywords: Circadian gene; granulosa cells; human chorionic gonadotropin; steroidal acute regulatory protein gene