title: Structural imaging of the brain reveals decreased total brain and total gray matter volumes in obese but not in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to body mass index-matched counterparts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect differences in global brain volumes and identify relations between brain volume and appetite-related hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to body mass index-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty subjects participated in this study. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and measurements of fasting ghrelin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), as well as GLP-1 levels during mixed-meal tolerance test (MTT), were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total brain volume and total gray matter volume (GMV) were decreased in obese PCOS compared to obese controls (p < 0.05 for both) whereas lean PCOS and controls did not show a significant difference. Secondary analyses of regional brain volumes showed decreases in GMV of the caudate nucleus, ventral diencephalon and hippocampus in obese PCOS compared to obese controls (p < 0.05 for all), whereas lean patients with PCOS had lower GMV in the amygdala than lean controls (p < 0.05). No significant relations were detected between structural differences and measured hormone levels at baseline or during MTT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, investigating structural brain alterations in PCOS, suggests volumetric reductions in global brain areas in obese women with PCOS. Functional studies with larger sample size are needed to determine physiopathological roles of these changes and potential effects of long-term medical management on brain structure of PCOS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Basak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozgen Saydam
authors.affiliation: b National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Arzu Ceylan
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Has
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurkan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozdag
authors.affiliation: b National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.|d Department of Radiology , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Kader Karli
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.|e Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Hacettepe University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent Okan
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Yildiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Appetite; brain imaging; ghrelin; glucagon-like peptide-1; obesity; polycystic ovary syndrome