title: Interaction and oxidative damage of DVDMS to BSA: a study on the mechanism of photodynamic therapy-induced cell death.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. In this study, we utilized sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) as a sensitizer combined with light to investigate its cytotoxic effect on different cell lines. For this purpose, we chose bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model to explore the mechanism of PDT-induced cell death at a molecular level. Our findings indicated that the combined treatment significantly suppressed cell survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a strong interaction between DVDMS and BSA molecules in aqueous solution, affecting DVDMS' targeting distribution and metabolism. Spectroscopic analysis and carbonyl content detection indicated that DVDMS-PDT significantly enhanced the damage of BSA at a higher extent than Photofrin II-PDT under similar experimental conditions. Our observations were consistent with the cytotoxicity results. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced by the synergy effect of the sensitizer and light, which played an important role in damaging BSA and tumor cells. These results suggested that the interaction and oxidative damage of protein molecules by DVDMS were the main reasons to cell death and constitute a valuable reference for future DVDMS-PDT investigations.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Quanhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011166:Porphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C586896:sinoporphyrin sodium; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine