title: Effects of antrosterol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth on lipid homeostasis, antioxidation, alcohol clearance, and anti-inflammation in livers of chronic-alcohol fed mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antrodia camphorata is a functional fungus in Taiwan and owns several pharmacological functions. Antrosterol, a bioactive constitute of sterols in edible Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth, can protect liver from CCl4damage via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotection of antrosterol (named as EK100) against alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Lieber-DeCarli regular EtOH diet (EtOH liquid diet, 5% (v/v) alcohol) was applied to induce alcoholic liver damage. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) Control: control liquid diet; (2) EtOH: EtOH liquid diet; (3) EK100_1X: EtOH liquid diet and 1mg EK100 (Antrosterol)/Kg body weight (bw); (4) EK100_5X: EtOH liquid diet and 5mg EK100/Kg bw; (5) EK100_10X: EtOH liquid diet and 10mg EK100/Kg bw. At the end of experiment, the livers were collected for histo-pathological analyses, RNA and protein extraction, and enzymatic activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antrosterol reduced serum/liver lipids of alcohol-diet fed mice which highly related to upregulated fatty acid β-oxidation and downregulated lipogenesis, and increased fecal lipid/bile-acid outputs. Antrosterol enhanced hepatic antioxidant capabilities in alcohol-diet fed mice while it also lowered serum alcohol level, as well as increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase (CAT) activities and decreased CYP2E1 protein expression in livers of alcohol-diet fed mice. Besides, antrosterol lowered hepatic inflammation and fibrosis related gene expressions, as well as serum AST/ALT values and TNF-α/IL-1β contents in alcohol-diet fed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, hepatoprotection of antrosterol is mostly attributed to its regulations of lipid homeostasis, antioxidant capability, alcohol metabolism, and anti-inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Electronic address: cyy0709@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: anita_yoyi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan. Electronic address: kuoyh@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: s89062512@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: batuyumin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsieng Samuel
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Poultry Industry Section, Department of Animal Industry, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Electronic address: li4653@mail.coa.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Jr-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: ycpchen@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013261:Sterols / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D016207:Cytokines; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013261:Sterols; C000621894:antrosterol; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol metabolism; Alcoholic liver disease; Antioxidant/anti-inflammation; Antrosterol; Lipid homeostasis