title: Smoking and common mental disorders in patients with chronic conditions: An analysis of data collected via a web-based screening system.
abstract: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disability in the UK and remains pervasive in people with mental disorders and in general hospital patients. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental disorders and smoking, examining associations between mental disorders and smoking in patients with chronic physical conditions.
  
  
  
  Data were collected via routine screening systems implemented across two London NHS Foundation Trusts. The prevalence of mental disorder, current smoking, nicotine dependence and wanting help with quitting smoking were quantified, and the relationships between mental disorder and smoking were examined, adjusting for age, gender and physical illness, with multiple regression models.
  
  
  
  A total of 7878 patients were screened; 23.2% screened positive for probable major depressive disorder, and 18.5% for probable generalised anxiety disorder. Overall, 31.4% and 29.2% of patients with probable major depressive disorder or generalised anxiety disorder respectively were current smokers. Probable major depression and generalised anxiety disorder were associated with 93% and 44% increased odds of being a current smoker respectively. Patients with depressive disorder also reported higher levels of nicotine dependence, and the presence of common mental disorder was not associated with odds of wanting help with quitting smoking.
  
  
  
  Common mental disorder in patients with chronic physical health conditions is a risk factor for markedly increased smoking prevalence and nicotine dependence. A general hospital encounter represents an opportunity to help patients who may benefit from such interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Faith.matcham@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matcham
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Natali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Academic Rheumatology, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hames
authors.affiliation: St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dulka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manawadu
authors.affiliation: Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.affiliation: Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moxham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.affiliation: National Addiction Centre, Addictions Department, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotopf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic physical conditions; Common mental disorders; Comorbidity; Screening; Smoking