title: Nanotherapeutics relieve rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with persistent multiarticular synovitis, cartilage destruction, and even loss of joint function. Although remarkable progress has been made in the clinical treatment of RA, long-term administration of anti-rheumatic drugs still suffers quite a few drawbacks, including high dose and high frequency of drug use, as well as dysfunction of the heart, liver, kidney, and so forth. For the above problems, nanotherapeutic agents are developed to avert non-specific binding and upregulate the efficacy by improving the accumulation of drugs in lesion tissues. In this article, some of the most frequently used anti-RA agents were summarized, and the recent treatment of RA with passive or active targeting nanotheranostics was systematically illustrated. In addition, the prospect of nanovehicles in clinical therapy of RA was discussed and predicted.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China.
authors.forename: Modi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiangru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China. Electronic address: jxding@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuesi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D053769:Nanocapsules
keywords: Controlled drug delivery; Nanocarrier; Remission; Rheumatoid arthritis; Targetability