title: An investigation of the efficacy of collaborative virtual reality systems for moderated remote usability testing.
abstract: Collaborative virtual reality-based systems have integrated high fidelity voice-based communication, immersive audio and screen-sharing tools into virtual environments. Such three-dimensional collaborative virtual environments can mirror the collaboration among usability test participants and facilitators when they are physically collocated, potentially enabling moderated usability tests to be conducted effectively when the facilitator and participant are located in different places. We developed a virtual collaborative three-dimensional remote moderated usability testing laboratory and employed it in a controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of moderated usability testing in a collaborative virtual reality-based environment with two other moderated usability testing methods: the traditional lab approach and Cisco WebEx, a web-based conferencing and screen sharing approach. Using a mixed methods experimental design, 36 test participants and 12 test facilitators were asked to complete representative tasks on a simulated online shopping website. The dependent variables included the time taken to complete the tasks; the usability defects identified and their severity; and the subjective ratings on the workload index, presence and satisfaction questionnaires. Remote moderated usability testing methodology using a collaborative virtual reality system performed similarly in terms of the total number of defects identified, the number of high severity defects identified and the time taken to complete the tasks with the other two methodologies. The overall workload experienced by the test participants and facilitators was the least with the traditional lab condition. No significant differences were identified for the workload experienced with the virtual reality and the WebEx conditions. However, test participants experienced greater involvement and a more immersive experience in the virtual environment than in the WebEx condition. The ratings for the virtual environment condition were not significantly different from those for the traditional lab condition. The results of this study suggest that participants were productive and enjoyed the virtual lab condition, indicating the potential of a virtual world based approach as an alternative to conventional approaches for synchronous usability testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, 110 Freeman Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; Risk Engineering and System Analytics Institute, Glenn Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Lowry Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States. Electronic address: kmadath@clemson.edu.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chalil Madathil
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, 110 Freeman Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Greenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D000076142:Virtual Reality; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Collaborative virtual reality systems; Moderated usability testing; Remote testing