title: Improving the biocompatibility of tobermorite by incorporating calcium phosphate clusters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In our earlier work, tobermorite containing calcium phosphate (CP) clusters (CP-Tob) was hydrothermally prepared in the CaO-SiO2-P2O5-H2O system for biomedical applications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  CP-Tob was used to investigate the influence of CP cluster incorporation on its biocompatibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tobermorite samples with and without CP clusters were hydrothermally prepared at 180°C for 40 h. The biocompatibility, structure, and density of states of the tobermorite samples were investigated by experimental and first principles methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amounts of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin adsorbed on CP-Tob were higher than those on tobermorite without CP clusters. Cluster incorporation caused a decrease in the solubility, resulting in the enhancement of the cell compatibility. The calculated results indicated that incorporating clusters, which interact with the silicate units of tobermorite, led to a change of the density of states of tobermorite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incorporation of CP clusters in tobermorite led to improvement of the biocompatibility evaluated by biological and computational analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasuga
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D051379:Mice; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017640:Silicates; C512534:tobermorite; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C020243:calcium phosphate; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Calcium silicate; biocompatibility; calcium phosphate; hydrothermal process; simulation