title: A new media without animal component for sperm cryopreservation: motility and various attributes affecting paternal contribution of sperm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was the development of a safe sperm cryopreservation New Media (NM), composed of consistent and reproducible components devoid of any animal origin, and evaluation of NM in terms of its effect on sperm structure and function as compared to regularly used yolk media (TYM) (Irvine Scientific).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated patient semen samples and cryopreserved them in duplicates in either NM or TYM. The samples were cryopreserved for either a short term of 1 week or long term of 1 month prior to thawing. The parameters investigated include sperm motility via computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), sperm concentration, and sperm biomarkers that promote paternal contribution of spermatozoa to fertilization including hyaluronic acid binding, chromatin maturity, apoptotic markers, cytoplasmic retention, and sperm DNA integrity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared to TYM, NM was equally capable of sperm cryopreservation with both short-term and long-term storage in media, and after freeze-thaw and gradient processing of sperm. HA binding of sperm was comparable post thaw in both NM and yolk media. There are also no differences observed between the samples cryopreserved in NM or TYM in terms of their aniline blue staining, CK immunocytochemistry, caspase 3 immunostaining, or DNA nick translation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NM has the advantage of being xeno-free, yet in preservation of sperm motility and other sperm attributes, the NM is as effective as the TYM.
authors.affiliation: Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Yale University, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
authors.forename: Akansha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Medisu Hospital IVF Laboratory, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Merih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tekcan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sati
authors.affiliation: Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Yale University, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Murk
authors.affiliation: Yale University, 150 Sargent Dr, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stronk
authors.affiliation: Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Yale University, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA. gabor.huszar@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-6560
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huszar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents
keywords: Biochemical markers; Cryopreservation; HA binding; Male fertility; Sperm maturity; Sperm motility