title: A parsimonious scoring and normative calculator for the Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment battery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to provide a regression-based calculator that takes premorbid functioning into account to detect subtle cognitive decline, as is often present in pre-dementia states, especially mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used demographic adjustments based on sex, age, and education of 699 normative participants that fulfilled exclusion criteria for ascertaining the diagnostic accuracy of the Movement Disorders Society PD-MCI battery at Level II. We examined the clinical validity of the battery on 36 PD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated z-score was calculated for any raw score based on different models that adjust for the demographic predictors of gender, age, and education, either concurrently, individually or without covariates. We provide a useful online z-score, SD, and percentile calculator that yields estimates of cognitive impairment based on normative sample for each of the ten neuropsychological tests and enables actuarial decision-making regarding its level and profile (number of domains impaired). We document the clinical utility and applicability of the calculator on a patient with PD-MCI and show the discriminative validity of all measures in the battery by comparing PD-MCI and PD without cognitive impairment with the highest area under the curve (.94) for Tower of London at -2 SD threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our normative calculator introduces a practical web-based psychometric tool for the evaluation of PD-MCI status in clinical settings. We show the detection potential of each of ten measures included in the battery and delineate the diagnostic precision of the PD-MCI battery.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience , Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic.|b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bezdicek
authors.affiliation: b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sulc
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience , Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolai
authors.affiliation: b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepankova
authors.affiliation: b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopecek
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience , Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jech
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience , Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Evžen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Růžička
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Clinical inference; Parkinson’s disease; mild cognitive impairment