title: Meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk in Japan: The Takayama study.
abstract: Compared with the abundant data from Western countries, evidence regarding meat consumption and colorectal cancer is limited in the Japanese population. We evaluated colorectal cancer risk in relation to meat consumption in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Participants were 13 957 men and 16 374 women aged ≥35 years in September 1992. Meat intake, assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire, was controlled for the total energy intake. The incidence of colorectal cancer was confirmed through regional population-based cancer registries and histological identification from colonoscopy in two main hospitals in the study area. From September 1992 to March 2008, 429 men and 343 women developed colorectal cancer. After adjustments for multiple confounders, a significantly increased relative risk of colorectal cancer was observed in the highest versus lowest quartile of the intake of total and red meat among men; the estimated hazard ratios were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.79) for total meat (P for trend = 0.022), and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.89) for red meat (P for trend = 0.009). A positive association between processed meat intake and colon cancer risk was also observed in men. There was no significant association between colorectal cancer and meat consumption in women. These results suggest that the intake of red and processed meat increases the risk of colorectal or colon cancer among Japanese men. Abstaining from excessive consumption of meat might be protective against developing colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-8592
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.|Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Shino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.affiliation: Director, Kumiai Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tokimitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cohort studies; colorectal cancer; epidemiology; processed meat; red meat