title: The small RNA miR-375 - a pancreatic islet abundant miRNA with multiple roles in endocrine beta cell function.
abstract: The pathophysiology of diabetes is complex and recent research put focus on the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and the insulin-secreting beta cells as central in the development of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the small non-coding RNAs regulating post-transcriptional gene expression, are significant regulators of beta cell function. One of the most abundant miRNAs in the islets is miR-375. This review focus on the role of miR-375 in beta cell function, including effects in development and differentiation, proliferation and regulation of insulin secretion. It also discusses the regulation of miR-375 expression, miR-375 as a potential circulating biomarker in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the need for the beta cell to keep expression of miR-375 within optimal levels. The summed picture of miR-375 is a miRNA with multiple functions with importance in the formation of beta cell identity, control of beta cell mass and regulation of insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, CRC, SUS Malmö, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: lena.eliasson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eliasson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C540933:MIRN375 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Beta cell; Diabetes; Differentiation; Insulin; Insulin secretion; Islet of langerhans; MicroRNA; Proliferation; miR-375