title: Treatment of Acute Hemoptysis by Bronchial Artery Embolization with the Liquid Embolic Agent Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the technical and clinical success of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with the liquid embolic agent ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer in patients with acute hemoptysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients (25 male; mean age, 58 y; range, 13-78 y) who underwent BAE with EVOH were retrospectively reviewed. Reasons for acute hemoptysis included lung cancer (44%), pulmonary metastases (12%), bronchiectasis (21%), arteriovenous malformation (5%), tuberculosis (6%), aspergilloma (3%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (3%), anticoagulant overdose (3%), and scar tissue (3%). Technical and clinical success of BAE were retrospectively assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embolization was technically successful in 94% of patients. Additional embolization material was needed in 4 patients (12%). The immediate clinical success rate was 94% (32 of 34); in 2 patients (6%), hemoptysis recurred immediately after the intervention or could not be stopped. Periinterventional minor complications included headache (n = 1), fever (n = 1), and acute renal failure (n = 1). During follow-up (mean, 8.8 mo), 5 patients had a recurrence of hemoptysis (15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of EVOH copolymer for BAE in patients with acute hemoptysis is technically successful and safe and has a good clinical outcome with a low number of recurrences.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address: issy_ayx@msn.com.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ayx
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller-Wille
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wohlgemuth
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepiorz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hubauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goessmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stroszczynski
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zorger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001981:Bronchial Arteries; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer