title: Mechanism study on a plague outbreak driven by the construction of a large reservoir in southwest china (surveillance from 2000-2015).
abstract: Plague, a Yersinia pestis infection, is a fatal disease with tremendous transmission capacity. However, the mechanism of how the pathogen stays in a reservoir, circulates and then re-emerges is an enigma.
  
  
  
  We studied a plague outbreak caused by the construction of a large reservoir in southwest China followed 16-years' surveillance.
  
  
  
  The results show the prevalence of plague within the natural plague focus is closely related to the stability of local ecology. Before and during the decade of construction the reservoir on the Nanpan River, no confirmed plague has ever emerged. With the impoundment of reservoir and destruction of drowned farmland and vegetation, the infected rodent population previously dispersed was concentrated together in a flood-free area and turned a rest focus alive. Human plague broke out after the enzootic plague via the flea bite. With the construction completed and ecology gradually of human residential environment, animal population and type of vegetation settling down to a new balance, the natural plague foci returned to a rest period. With the rodent density decreased as some of them died, the flea density increased as the rodents lived near or in local farm houses where had more domestic animals, and human has a more concentrated population. In contrast, in the Himalayan marmot foci of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Qilian Mountains. There are few human inhabitants and the local ecology is relatively stable; plague is prevalence, showing no rest period. Thus the plague can be significantly affected by ecological shifts.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Mingliu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jinxiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.
authors.forename: Kecheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Xingyi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xingyi, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.
authors.forename: Guangpeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.
authors.forename: Lv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China.
authors.forename: Guirong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Luoping County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qujing, China.
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuhuang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Longlin Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baise, China.
authors.forename: Shengrong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Longlin Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baise, China.
authors.forename: Shoujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Xilin County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baise, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huijing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huaiqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D010930:Plague / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D011156:Population Density; D012377:Rodentia / Q000254:growth & development*; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission