title: Absent external oblique musculo-aponeurotic complex during inguinal hernioplasty: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: The external oblique musculo-aponeurotic complex is an important contributor to the strength of the inguinal canal. The present case report describes the bilateral absence of the external oblique muscle in a patient. A 40-year-old male patient presented with a history of intermittent lower abdominal pain for 15 years which had increased over the past 2 years. Abdominal examination revealed bilateral reducible, incomplete, direct inguinal hernia. Elective bilateral Lichtenstein's mesh hernioplasty was planned for the patient. Intraoperatively, there was no evidence of the external oblique aponeurosis and the spermatic cord was noted deep to the membranous fascial layer. The inguinal ligament was thin and atrophic and was attached to the pubic tubercle medially and anterior superior iliac spine laterally. There was no evidence of any superior aponeurotic connection to the inguinal ligament. A postoperative ultrasound examination of the abdomen confirmed the bilateral absence of the external oblique musculo-aponeurotic complex. The isolated absence of the external oblique musculo-aponeurotic complex in adults is an exceedingly rare anomaly. The possibility of such an anomaly should be considered in patients without other risk factors for hernia.
authors.affiliation: Rural Bond, Gudalur Adivasi Hospital, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Royson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dsouza
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, St. John's Medical College, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India. nachiket76@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nachiket
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: Gudalur Adivasi Hospital, Gudalur, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rohin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurubatham
authors.affiliation: Gudalur Adivasi Hospital, Gudalur, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rajaleelan
authors.affiliation: Gudalur Adivasi Hospital, Gudalur, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Nandakumar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063405:Anatomic Variation; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Absence; Direct inguinal hernia; External oblique muscle; Hernioplasty