title: Protective effects of N-acetylcystein and atorvastatin against renal and hepatic injury in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine whether the separate and combined effect of N-acetylcystein (NAC) and atorvastatin prevented hepatic and renal tissue injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  40 male Wistar rats were allocated into 5 experimental groups; Control (n=8): sham, I/R (n=8): rats underwent occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 45min, Atorvastatin (n=8): rats received 10mg/kg atorvastatin, NAC (n=8): rats received 160mg/kg NAC, NAC&Atorvastatin (n=8): rats received both aforementioned agents. Administration of the agents was facilitated by oral gavage 24h before I/R. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, transaminases, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, as well as liver and kidney histopathological examination were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with either NAC or Atorvastatin or their combination led to lower levels of transaminases and ICAM-1 (2.75±0.46, 2.88±0.84 and 1.5±0.76 respectively for NAC, Atorvastatin and I/R groups), while only their combination led to lower ratios of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α than I/R group (1.3±0.12 vs 1.94±0.54, 1.21±0.11 vs 2.12±0.96 and 1.33±0.11 vs 2.14±0.77, respectively). NAC was associated with enhanced renal tissue histology, while atorvastatin was found superior in protecting hepatic tissue degenaration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both agents, seperately and combined, seem to exhibited tissue-specific protective activity against intestinal I/R induced injury.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexandropoulos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Gerasimos V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Bazigos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: doulamis.i@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ilias P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Doulamis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Aspasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konstantopoulos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolitsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tragotsalou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Agathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondi-Pafiti
authors.affiliation: Vascular Unit, 2nd Clinic of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotsis
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Surgery, ATTIKON University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arkadopoulos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smyrniotis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Despina N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Perrea
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D020011:Protective Agents; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Atrorvastatin; Intestinal; Ischemia-reperfusion; N-Acetylcystein; Rats