title: UPLC-QqQ/MS-Based Lipidomics Approach To Characterize Lipid Alterations in Inflammatory Macrophages.
abstract: In this study, UPLC-QqQ/MS-based lipidomics was applied to profile various lipids from RAW264.7 macrophages treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The degree of inflammation increased with the LPS concentration. To elucidate the altered lipid metabolism of inflammatory macrophages, we targeted to analyze 25 lipid classes from LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. As a result, 523 lipid species were successfully profiled by using the optimal UPLC and MRM. Statistical data analyses such as PCA, PLS-DA, and HCA differentiated five RAW264.7 cells treated with different concentrations of LPS. VIP plot, heat map, and bar plot also provided lists of up- or down-regulated lipids according to the LPS concentration. From the results, 11 classes of lipids, TG, DG, ChE, PE, PS, PI, PA, LyPC, LyPE, Cer, and dCer, were increased, and three classes, cholesterol, PC, and LyPA, were decreased in an LPS concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of an anti-inflammatory compound recovered the levels of PC, PE, PI, PA, LyPE, LyPA, and Cer from the activated macrophages. Finally, these results demonstrate the correlation between inflammation and lipid metabolism in macrophages. The differentially regulated lipids also have the potential to be used as biomarkers for inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.|Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA , Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuck Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA , Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA , Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Soog
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA , Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA , Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Seob
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Pyo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA , Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.|Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Don
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0993-4347
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: UPLC-QqQ/MS; inflammation; lipidomics; lipopolysaccharide; macrophages