title: The fruit of Annona squamosa L. as a source of environmental neurotoxins: From quantification of squamocin to annotation of Annonaceous acetogenins by LC-MS/MS analysis.
abstract: Annonaceous acetogenins (AAGs) are neurotoxins possibly responsible for atypical Parkinsonism/dementia clusters, via the consumption of edible Annonaceae fruits. Their presence was investigated in fruit pulps of Annona squamosa from different locations. Qualitative analysis of other AAGs was performed. We here report the identification of squamocin in batches from Asia, the Caribbean Basin and the Indian Ocean. This molecule was quantified by HPLC-UV, evidencing a content of 13.5-36.4mg/fruit. HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF allowed the detection of 25 different raw formulas matching with AAGs. LC-MS/MS methodological development was performed using 4 representative standards. The main AAGs could be annotated, including bullatacin (rolliniastatin-2) and annonacin. This study evidences a remarkable homogeneity for the main AAGs within the species, and discrepancies for minor compounds. These findings indicate that A. squamosa should be considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bonneau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baloul
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Idensi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bajin Ba Ndob
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sénéjoux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UFR Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France. Electronic address: pierre.champy@u-psud.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Champy
mesh_terms: D054378:Acetogenins / Q000032:analysis*; D031041:Annona / Q000737:chemistry*; D001208:Asia; D017691:Caribbean Region; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis*; D007783:Lactones / Q000032:analysis*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D054378:Acetogenins; D005663:Furans; D007783:Lactones; D009498:Neurotoxins; C059660:squamocin
keywords: Annona squamosa L.; Annonaceous acetogenins; Annonacin; Atypical Parkinsonism; Bullatacin; HPLC–MS/MS; Squamocin