title: Midsubstance Tendinopathy, Percutaneous Techniques (Platelet-Rich Plasma, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Prolotherapy, Radiofrequency Ablation).
abstract: The focus of this article is to present the current options available for noninvasive and percutaneous treatment options for noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. An attempt is made to offer recommendations for both the treatment techniques as well as postprocedure protocols to be considered. Additionally, because there are numerous treatment options in this category, the different techniques are summarized in a chart format with a short list of pros and cons as well as the levels of evidence in the literature to support the different modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of South Carolina, 2 Medical Park, Columbia, SC, USA. Electronic address: wbsmithdo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: William Bret
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of South Carolina, 2 Medical Park, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Melton
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of South Carolina, 2 Medical Park, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions
keywords: Achilles; Alternative treatment; Injections; Percutaneous; Ultrasound