title: Effects of aging on cadmium concentrations and renal dysfunction in inhabitants in cadmium-polluted regions in Japan.
abstract: The absorption of cadmium (Cd) may lead to Cd-related diseases such as renal tubular dysfunction and bone disease, and it is known to take around 10-30 years to reduce Cd concentrations to half their original levels. Urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), protein, glucose and albumin were used as indicators of renal dysfunction caused by Cd exposure. Our previous study found that urinary Cd concentrations had increased recently and that age was more strongly associated with urinary β2-MG concentration than recent Cd body burden. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aging on Cd concentrations and renal dysfunction. The Cd, β2-MG, NAG, protein, glucose and albumin concentrations in the urine of 40 Japanese subjects (20 females and 20 males) environmentally exposed to Cd were collected. They lived in the Kakehashi River basin and were divided into three age categories: 50-69, 70-79 and 80-99 years. Significant differences in urinary Cd and β2-MG concentrations were found among age groups, with urinary Cd levels tending to increase with age in both sexes. No significant correlations were found between urinary Cd and any indicators of renal dysfunction. The correlation between age, Cd and indicators of renal dysfunction was observed more clearly in females than in males. Age is more strongly correlated with indicators of renal dysfunction than Cd body burden. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hoang Duc
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0537-1399
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Phuc
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Phuong
authors.initials: NTP
authors.lastname: Oanh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, No. 10, Huynh Van Nghe, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ho Dung
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Manh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Le Thai
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Anh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Akie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3612-2395
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwazono
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D002104:Cadmium; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase
keywords: Kakehashi river basin; age; cadmium-polluted regions; indicators of renal dysfunction; urinary cadmium