title: Emerging treatments for primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic, idiopathic liver disease that can progress to end-stage liver disease, cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. PSC is an uncommon and highly heterogeneous disease, associated with inflammatory bowel disease and a complex pathophysiology. To date, no medical therapies have proved effective. The only available treatment for end-stage PSC is liver transplant, but recurrence is a significant complication. Areas covered: This review will explore previously tested treatments, discuss current treatment strategies and present viewpoints about future emerging therapies in PSC. We searched PubMed using the noted keywords. We included data from full-text articles published in English. Further relevant articles were identified from the reference lists of review articles. Expert commentary: The development of new therapies in PSC has been challenging. However, with greater awareness of the disease nowadays, new insights into the disease may help in the design of future therapeutic agents in PSC and ultimately in effective therapies.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Phoenix , AZ , USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Phoenix , AZ , USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Phoenix , AZ , USA.|b College of Health Solutions , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA.
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lindor
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; antibiotics; antifibrotic agents; fecal microbiota transplantation; obeticholic acid; ursodeoxycholic acid