title: Glycan-Based Cell Targeting To Modulate Immune Responses.
abstract: Glycosylation is an integral post-translational modification present in more than half of all eukaryotic proteins. It affects key protein functions, including folding, stability, and immunogenicity. Glycoengineering approaches, such as the use of bacterial N-glycosylation systems, or expression systems, including yeasts, insect cells, and mammalian cells, have enabled access to defined and homogenous glycoproteins. Given that glycan structures on proteins can be recognized by host lectin receptors, they may facilitate cell-specific targeting and immune modulation. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by antigen-presenting cells are attractive targets to shape immune responses. Multivalent glycan display on nanoparticles, liposomes, or dendrimers has successfully enabled CLR targeting. In this review, we discuss novel strategies to access defined glycan structures and highlight CLR targeting approaches for immune modulation.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johannssen
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: bernd.lepenies@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lepenies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: C-type lectin receptors; carbohydrates; dendritic cells; glycoengineering; immune modulation; innate immunity