title: Cardiac MRI and 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography in pediatric and young adult patients with Turner syndrome.
abstract: This study aimed to describe the spectrum and frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities in pediatric and young adult patients with Turner syndrome (TS) using cardiac MRI and MR angiography.
  
  
  
  This prospective study consisted of 47 female patients of pediatric age and young adults with a karyotypically confirmed diagnosis of TS. All patients underwent cardiac MRI and contrast-enhanced MR angiography. A second examination after 9-26 months was performed for 28 of these patients.
  
  
  
  Elongation of the transverse aortic arch (ETA) was the most frequent abnormality with a rate of 37%. The rate of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) was 21.7%, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) was 19.6%, coarctation was 6.5%, ascending aorta dilatation was 28.3%, and descending aorta dilatation was 15.2%. The diameters of the aorta and the rate of aortic dilatation per unit of time was greater in the patients with BAV (P < 0.05). ETA was less observed in the patients who were receiving growth hormone therapy (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  The most common cardiovascular abnormalities in TS patients are aortic arch anomalies such as ETA and coarctation, aortic dilatation, PAPVCs, and BAV. The presence of BAV is an important risk factor for the aortic dilatation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yiğit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aşan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Önder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Senem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özgür
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aycan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karademir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vehbi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Doğan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult