title: A possible role for neutrophils in allergic rhinitis revealed after cellular subclassification.
abstract: A re-examination of former concepts is required to meet today's medical challenges in allergic rhinitis. Previously, neutrophils have been treated as a relatively homogenous cell population found in the nose both when the patient is suffering at the height of the allergic season as well as when the patient report no symptoms. However, new data indicates that neutrophils can be divided into different subsets with diverse roles in inflammation. We showed increased levels of neutrophils in peripheral blood, nasal biopsies and nasal lavage fluid (NAL) from allergic patients during the pollen season compared to healthy controls. A closer examination revealed that the activated subset of neutrophils, CD16highCD62Ldim, outweighed the normal form CD16highCD62Lhighin nasal tissue among these patients. This skewed distribution was not seen in controls. The normal subset prevailed in peripheral blood from patients as well as controls, whereas CD16highCD62Ldimand CD16dimCD62Ldimsubsets, the latter considered "end state" neutrophils before apoptosis, were elevated in NAL. Functional in vitro experiments revealed that activated neutrophils exhibit a T cell priming capacity and an ability to enhance eosinophil migration. Activated neutrophils may thus contribute to allergic inflammation seen in allergic rhinitis by priming T cells and attracting eosinophils.
authors.affiliation: Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arebro
authors.affiliation: Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekstedt
authors.affiliation: Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hjalmarsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Unit of Translational Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Winqvist
authors.affiliation: Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumlien Georén
authors.affiliation: Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars-Olaf
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Cardell
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D001706:Biopsy; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers