title: Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. and Génépi Liqueur: Volatile Profile as Diagnostic Marker for Geographic Origin and To Predict Liqueur Safety.
abstract: Artemisia umbelliformis, commonly known as "white génépi", is characterized by a volatile fraction rich in α- and β-thujones, two monoterpenoids; under European Union (EU) regulations these are limited to 35 mg/L in Artemisia-based beverages because of their recognized activity on the human central nervous system. This study reports the results of an investigation to define the geographical origin and thujone content of individual plants of A. umbelliformis from different geographical sites, cultivated experimentally at a single site, and to predict the thujone content in the resulting liqueurs through their volatile fraction. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and non-separative HS-SPME-MS were used as analytical platforms to create a database suitable for chemometric description and prediction through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). HS-SPME-MS was applied to shorten analysis time. With both approaches, a diagnostic prediction of (i) plant geographical origin and (ii) thujone content of plant-related liqueurs could be made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boggia
authors.affiliation: Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, VEGMAP; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA, University of Turin , Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 - Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pignata
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sgorbini
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari , Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marengo
authors.affiliation: Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, VEGMAP; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA, University of Turin , Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 - Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.affiliation: Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, VEGMAP; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA, University of Turin , Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 - Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bicchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6819-2614
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubiolo
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005843:Geography; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Artemisia umbelliformis Lam.; food safety; génépi liqueur