title: Fecal Bacterial Communities in treated HIV infected individuals on two antiretroviral regimens.
abstract: Intestinal microbiome changes that occur in HIV positive individuals on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are important to understand, as they are potentially linked with chronic inflammation and microbiome-linked comorbidities that occur at increased incidence in this population. We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the fecal microbiomes of HIV-uninfected (HIV SN) to HIV-infected individuals on long-term ART (HIV+ LTART) from Mexico using 16S ribosomal RNA (16sRNA) targeted sequencing. These individuals were on two ART regimens based on either Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (EFV) or ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitors (PI) with the same backbone of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Microbiome diversity was reduced in treated HIV infection compared to HIV SN (p < 0.05). Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to the Ruminococcaceae family including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were depleted in EFV and PI compared to HIV SN and negatively correlated with intestinal gut dysfunction as measured by the intestinal fatty binding protein (p < 0.05). This is the first report to address the fecal bacterial communities in HIV-infected individuals on two ARV regimens from Mexico.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinto-Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lozupone
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Briceño
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alva-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Téllez
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aguilar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adriana
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami-Ogasawara
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyes-Terán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D044822:Biodiversity; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015897:Comorbidity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors