title: Changes in reticular pseudodrusen area in eyes that progressed from early to late age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective cohort study utilized 3 imaging modalities to analyze quantitatively reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) area changes in eyes that progressed from early to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with AMD, unilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and early AMD with RPD in the fellow eye (the study eye) were included. The study eyes underwent indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), near-infrared reflectance (NIR-R), and short-wavelength autofluorescence (AF) imaging of the macula at baseline and at follow-up. Study eyes were analyzed for RPD and for the development of late AMD-CNV and/or geographic atrophy (GA). RPD area was measured at baseline and at follow-up as a percentage of the 30-degree field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period (mean follow-up time 23.5 ± 5.0 months), 12/31 study eyes developed CNV and 4/31 developed GA. In the eyes that developed CNV, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean RPD area over the follow-up period as seen on AF (P < 0.01) and NIR-R (P = 0.01), and the decrease in mean RPD area approached statistical significance on ICGA (P = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using 3 en face imaging techniques, we demonstrate that RPD undergo dynamic spatiotemporal changes in eyes that progress from early AMD to CNV, namely a decrease in the area of lesions detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue - NBV 5N18, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kaszubski
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue - NBV 5N18, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben Ami
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue - NBV 5N18, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue - NBV 5N18, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Camellia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nabati
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue - NBV 5N18, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.|Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rufino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.|Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cachulo
authors.affiliation: Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: José G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cunha-Vaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue - NBV 5N18, New York, NY, 10016, USA. roland.smith@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: R Theodore
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-943X
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Choroidal neovascularization; Geographic atrophy; Reticular pseudodrusen