title: Dietary sources of polyphenols in the Mediterranean healthy Eating, Aging and Lifestyle (MEAL) study cohort.
abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in the Mediterranean healthy Eating, Aging and Lifestyles (MEAL) study cohort. A total of 1937 individuals (18 + y) of urban population of Catania, Italy, completed a validated 110-item food frequency questionnaire; Phenol-Explorer database was used to estimate polyphenol intake. Mean intake of polyphenols was 663.7 mg/d; the most abundant classes were phenolic acids (362.7 mg/d) and flavonoids (258.7 mg/d). The main dietary sources of total polyphenols were nuts, followed by tea and coffee as source of flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids, respectively, fruits (i.e. cherries were sources of anthocyanins and citrus fruits of flavanones) and vegetables (i.e. artichokes and olives were sources of flavones and spinach and beans of flavonols); chocolate, red wine and pasta contributed to flavanols and tyrosols, respectively. These findings will be useful to assess the potential benefits of foods with high polyphenol content.
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale" , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-5706
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godos
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marventano
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mistretta
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galvano
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale" , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grosso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Italian adults; Polyphenols; food sources; general population; intake