title: Modeling and optimizing inhibitory activities of Nelumbinis folium extract on xanthine oxidase using response surface methodology.
abstract: Xanthine oxidase (XOD), which could oxidize hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and also a well-known target for the drug development to treat gout. In our study, the total alkaloids of Nelumbinis folium markedly inhibited XOD activity, with IC50value being 3.313μg/mL. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and 3D docking analysis indicated that roemerine was a potential active ingredient. A response surface methodology combined with central composite design experiment was further developed and validated for the optimization of the reaction conditions between the total alkaloids of Nelumbinis folium and XOD, which could be considered as a meaningful research for the development of XOD inhibitor rapidly and sensitively.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Mangmang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Guangyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Erwei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China. Electronic address: hanlifeng_1@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D031653:Nelumbo; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: Central composite design; Nelumbinis folium; Response surface methodology; XOD inhibitor