title: Thymoquinone inhibits the migration of mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9.
abstract: Thymoquinone (TQ), an active component derived from the medial plant Nigella sativa, has been used for medical purposes for more than 2 000 years. Recent studies have reported that TQ blocked angiogenesis in animal model and reduced migration, adhesion, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. We have recently shown that TQ could exhibit a potent cytotoxic effect and induce apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells. In the present study, TQ treatment markedly decreased the adhesion and migration of Neuro-2a cells. TQ down-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and mRNA levels and their activities. Furthermore, TQ significantly down-regulated the protein expression of transcription factor NF-κB (p65) but not significantly altered the expression of N-Myc. Taken together, our data indicated that TQ's inhibitory effect on the migration of Neuro-2a cells was mediated through the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, suggesting that TQ treatment can be a promising therapeutic strategy for human malignant neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar campus, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India. Electronic address: paramasivam0103@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paramasivam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, India.
authors.forename: Raghunandhakumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar campus, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India.
authors.forename: Jayaseelan Vijayashree
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Priyadharsini
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar campus, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India.
authors.forename: Jayaraman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gopalswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D031881:Nigella sativa / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C003466:thymoquinone
keywords: MMP-2; Migration; NF-κB; Neuroblastoma; Thymoquinone