title: Subjective from the start: A critique of transformative criticism.
abstract: Objectivity has been traditionally established as an aim of science; however, its feasibility and desirability have been repeatedly called into question. In this article, I provide a brief overview of the historical context surrounding the concept of objectivity in science. I then examine Helen Longino's theory of transformative criticism as an example of an attempt to secure scientific objectivity through the social nature of the scientific process. Possible objections to this critique are discussed, and ultimately, I argue that her account falls short in securing scientific objectivity. I briefly discuss objectivity and its relationship to human sciences such as nursing. I conclude by arguing that achieving complete objectivity in science is neither possible nor desirable.
authors.affiliation: Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Aimee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milliken
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D019370:Observation; D010684:Philosophy; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards*; D012586:Science / Q000592:standards*; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: nursing; objectivity; philosophy of science