title: The Impact of Single-Container Malt Liquor Sales Restrictions on Urban Crime.
abstract: Many US cities have adopted legal restrictions on high-alcohol malt liquor sales in response to reports of crime and nuisance behaviors around retail alcohol outlets. We assessed whether these policies are effective in reducing crime in urban areas. We used a rigorous interrupted time-series design with comparison groups to examine monthly crime rates in areas surrounding alcohol outlets in the 3 years before and after adoption of malt liquor sales restrictions in two US cities. Crime rates in matched comparison areas not subject to restrictions served as covariates. Novel methods for matching target and comparison areas using virtual neighborhood audits conducted in Google Street View are described. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, sales of single containers of 16 oz or less were prohibited in individual liquor stores (n = 6). In Washington, D.C., the sale of single containers of any size were prohibited in all retail alcohol outlets within full or partial wards (n = 6). Policy adoption was associated with modest reductions in crime, particularly assaults and vandalism, in both cities. All significant outcomes were in the hypothesized direction. Our results provide evidence that retail malt liquor sales restrictions, even relatively weak ones, can have modest effects on a range of crimes. Policy success may depend on community support and concurrent restrictions on malt liquor substitutes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA. mckee038@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Darin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toomey
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Toben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Elyse Levine
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Less
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Spruha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones-Webb
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Alcohol; Chronic public inebriation; Local policy; Malt liquor