title: Quantifying glucose and lipid components in human serum by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistics.
abstract: Raman spectroscopy has been employed in the quantitative analysis of biochemical components in human serum. This study aimed to develop a spectral model to estimate the concentration of glucose and lipid fractions in human serum, thus evaluating the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy technique for diagnostic purposes. A total of 44 samples of blood serum were collected from volunteers submitted to routine blood biochemical assay analysis. The biochemical concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were obtained by colorimetric method. Serum samples (200 μL) were submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 250 mW, 50-s accumulation). The spectra of sera present peaks related to the main constituents, particularly proteins and lipids. A quantitative model based on partial least squares (PLS) regression has been developed to estimate the concentration of these compounds, taking the biochemical concentrations assayed by the colorimetric method as sample's actual concentrations. The PLS model based on leave-one-out cross-validation approach estimated the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol with r = 0.98 and 0.96, and root mean square error of 35.4 and 15.9 mg/dL, respectively. For the other biochemicals, the r was ranging from 0.75 to 0.86. These results evidenced the possibility of performing biochemical assay in blood serum samples by Raman spectroscopy and PLS regression and may be employed as a means of diagnosis in routine clinical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Center, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi - UAM, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil. landulfo.silveira@gmail.com.|Center of Innovation, Technology and Education - CITE, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil. landulfo.silveira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Landulfo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, 08230-030, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia Fernandes
authors.initials: RCF
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, 08230-030, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Scarparo
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Oswaldo Cruz, Praça Cândida Maria C. Sawaya Giana, 128, São José dos Campos, 12243-003, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hector Enrique
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Giana
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Center, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi - UAM, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil.|Center of Innovation, Technology and Education - CITE, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Amaro
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zângaro
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Center, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi - UAM, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Tadeu Tavares
authors.initials: MTT
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Center, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi - UAM, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil.|Center of Innovation, Technology and Education - CITE, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, 12247-016, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Barrinha
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003124:Colorimetry; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Cholesterol; Glucose; HDL; Human serum; LDL; Raman spectroscopy; Triglycerides