title: Oxygen Nanobubble Tracking by Light Scattering in Single Cells and Tissues.
abstract: Oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs) have significant potential in targeted imaging and treatment in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Precise localization and tracking of single ONBs is demonstrated based on hyperspectral dark-field microscope (HSDFM) to image and track single oxygen nanobubbles in single cells. ONBs were proposed as promising contrast-generating imaging agents due to their strong light scattering generated from nonuniformity of refractive index at the interface. With this powerful platform, we have revealed the trajectories and quantities of ONBs in cells, and demonstrated the relation between the size and diffusion coefficient. We have also evaluated the presence of ONBs in the nucleus with respect to an increase in incubation time and have quantified the uptake in single cells in ex vivo tumor tissues. Our results demonstrate that HSDFM can be a versatile platform to detect and measure cellulosic nanoparticles at the single-cell level and to assess the dynamics and trajectories of this delivery system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Pushpak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, James Franck Institute , 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0630-1520
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irudayaraj
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000078722:PC-3 Cells; D010316:Particle Size; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: diffusion; hyperspectral dark-field microscope; oxygen nanobubbles; quantification; single cell analysis; tracking