title: Vestibular migraine patients are more anxious than migraine patients without vestibular symptoms.
abstract: The link between vertigo and anxiety is well known. The aim of this study is to compare anxiety disorders in 3 groups: patients with vestibular migraine (VM), patients with migraine but without vertigo (MO) and healthy controls (HC).We performed cross-sectional analysis of following tests: (a) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA); (b) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1 and STAI-X2); (c) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); (d) Panic-Agoraphobic Scale and (e) Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for comparisons and least significant difference was used for further post-hoc analysis. There were 35 definite VM patients, 31 MO patients and 32 volunteer HC. There were no significant differences between three groups in age, total years of education or duration of headaches in VM and MO patients. On the other hand, vertigo severity  was moderately and positively correlated with headache severity and with headache duration. There were significant differences in scores of HARS, BDI, PSWQ, and various PAS-R sub-scales between the three groups. Our study shows that VM patients are significantly more anxious and agoraphobic than MO patients and HC, displaying higher sensitivity to separation and being more prone to seeking medical reassurance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özge
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Kutay
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. gulden.akdal@deu.edu.tr.|Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey. gulden.akdal@deu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Gülden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pembe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keskinoğlu
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Birgül Dönmez
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Balcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tunç
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alkın
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Anxiety; Dizziness; Migraine; Vertigo; Vestibular migraine