title: Optimizing the design of bipolar nerve cuff electrodes for improved recording of peripheral nerve activity.
abstract: Differential measurement of efferent and afferent peripheral nerve activity offers a promising means of improving the clinical utility of implantable neuroprostheses. The tripolar nerve cuff electrode has historically served as the gold standard for achieving high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the recordings. However, the symmetrical geometry of this electrode array (i.e. electrically-shorted side contacts) precludes it from measuring electrical signals that can be used to obtain directional information. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a bipolar nerve cuff electrode to achieve high-SNR of peripheral nerve activity.
  
  
  
  A finite element model was implemented to investigate the effects of electrode design parameters-electrode length, electrode edge length (EEL), and a conductive shielding layer (CSL)-on simulated single fiber action potentials (SFAP) and also artifact noise signals (ANS).
  
  
  
  Our model revealed that the EEL was particularly effective in increasing the peak-to-peak amplitude of the SFAP (319%) and reducing the common mode ANS (67%) of the bipolar cuff electrode. By adding a CSL to the bipolar cuff electrode, the SNR was found to be 65.2% greater than that of a conventional tripolar cuff electrode. In vivo experiments in anesthetized rats confirmed that a bipolar cuff electrode can achieve a SNR that is 38% greater than that achieved by a conventional tripolar cuff electrode (p  <  0.05).
  
  
  
  The current study showed that bipolar nerve cuff electrodes can be designed to achieve SNR levels that are comparable to that of tripolar configuration. Further work is needed to confirm that these bipolar design parameters can be used to record bi-directional neural activity in a physiological setting.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sabetian
authors.forename: Milos R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004566:Electrodes; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D008959:Models, Neurological; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio