title: Who uses height-adjustable desks? - Sociodemographic, health-related, and psycho-social variables of regular users.
abstract: Sit-to-stand height-adjustable desks (HAD) may promote workplace standing, as long as workers use them on a regular basis. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) how common HAD in German desk-based workers are, and how frequently HADs are used, (ii) to identify sociodemographic, health-related, and psycho-social variables of workday sitting including having a HAD, and (iii) to analyse sociodemographic, health-related, and psycho-social variables of users and non-users of HADs.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional sample of 680 participants (51.9% men; 41.0 ± 13.1 years) in a desk-based occupation was interviewed by telephone about their occupational sitting and standing proportions, having and usage of a HAD, and answered questions concerning psycho-social variables of occupational sitting. The proportion of workday sitting was calculated for participants having an HAD (n = 108) and not-having an HAD (n = 573), as well as for regular users of HAD (n = 54), and irregular/non-users of HAD (n = 54). Linear regressions were conducted to calculate associations between socio-demographic, health-related, psychosocial variables and having/not having an HAD, and the proportion of workday sitting. Logistic regressions were executed to examine the association of mentioned variables and participants' usage of HADs.
  
  
  
  Sixteen percent report that they have an HAD, and 50% of these report regular use of HAD. Having an HAD is not a correlate of the proportion of workday sitting. Further analysis restricted to participants having available a HAD highlights that only the 'perceived advantages of sitting less' was significantly associated with HAD use in the fully adjusted model (OR 1.75 [1.09; 2.81], p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  The present findings indicate that accompanying behavioral action while providing an HAD is promising to increase the regular usage of HAD. Hence, future research needs to address the specificity of behavioral actions in order to enhance regular HAD use, and needs to give more fundamental insights into these associations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sports Science, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Germany. birgit.sperlich@uni-wuerzburg.de.|Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany. birgit.sperlich@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallmann-Sperlich
authors.affiliation: Work, Industrial, and Organizational Psychology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 10 - Room 330, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bipp
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bucksch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Froboese
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011187:Posture; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014937:Work; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Correlates; Cross-sectional; Desk-based; Height-adjustable desk; Natural approach; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire; Office-workers; Sitting time