title: Electrical therapies for gastrointestinal motility disorders.
abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common in clinical settings, including esophageal motility disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, post-operative ileus, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea and constipation. While a number of drugs have been developed for treating GI motility disorders, few are currently available. Emerging electrical stimulation methods may provide new treatment options for these GI motility disorders. Areas covered: This review gives an overview of electrical therapies that have been, and are being developed for GI motility disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, intestinal motility disorders and constipation. Various methods of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation are introduced. A few methods of nerve stimulation have also been described, including spinal cord stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation. Potentials of electrical therapies for obesity are also discussed. PubMed was searched using keywords and their combinations: electrical stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, sacral nerve stimulation, gastrointestinal motility and functional gastrointestinal diseases. Expert commentary: Electrical stimulation is an area of great interest and has potential for treating GI motility disorders. However, further development in technologies (devices suitable for GI stimulation) and extensive clinical research are needed to advance the field and bring electrical therapies to bedside.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.|b Department of Medicine , VA Medical Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.
authors.forename: Jiande D Z
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Jieyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: c Division of Gastroenterology , Wangjing Hospital of Chinese Medical Academy , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Gastrointestinal motility; colon electrical stimulation; electrical stimulation; functional gastrointestinal diseases; gastric electrical stimulation; intestinal electrical stimulation; neuromodulation