title: Control of immune escaped human papilloma virus is regained after therapeutic vaccination.
abstract: High-risk human papillomaviruses infect the basal cells of human epithelia. There it deploys several mechanisms to suppress pathogen receptor recognition signalling, impeding the immune system to control viral infection. Furthermore, infected cells become more resistant to type I and II interferon, tumour necrosis factor-α and CD40 activation, via interference with downstream programs halting viral replication or regulating the proliferation and cell death. Consequently, some infected individuals fail to raise early protein-specific T-cell responses that are strong enough to protect against virus-induced premalignant disease and ultimately cancer. Therapeutic vaccines triggering a strong T-cell response against the early proteins can successfully be used to treat patients at the premalignant stage but combinations of different treatment modalities are required for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Building 1, C7-141, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: ISA Pharmaceuticals, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis Jm
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Melief
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Building 1, C7-141, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: shvdburg@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Sjoerd H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: van der Burg
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines