title: Detection of antibiotics in chicken eggs obtained from supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
abstract: The residual levels of antibiotics in Vietnamese eggs were monitored from 2014 to 2015. A total of 111 egg packages, distributed by 11 different companies, were collected from supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City and the levels of 28 antibiotics were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method. Sixteen samples tested positive for antibiotics; a total of eight compounds (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, tilmicosin and trimethoprim) were detected. Enrofloxacin was detected in eight samples, with two samples exhibiting concentrations exceeding 1,000 µg kg-1. Tilmicosin was detected in three samples at a range of 49-568 µg kg-1. We observed that two of the 11 companies frequently sold antibiotic-contaminated eggs (detection rates of 56 and 60%), suggesting that a number of companies do not regulate the use of antibiotics in egg-laying hens. Our findings indicate that livestock farmers require instruction regarding antibiotic use and that continual antibiotic monitoring is essential in Vietnam.
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.|b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.|b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.|c Global Collaboration Center , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okihashi
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.|c Global Collaboration Center , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.|b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoang Ngoc Do
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thi Bui
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thinh Duc
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ha Bich
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Huong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dang Thien Bui
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Phuc Do
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajimura
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumeda
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Public Health , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Chinh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Dang
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.|c Global Collaboration Center , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: a Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka , Japan.|c Global Collaboration Center , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin
keywords: Residual antibiotics; Vietnam; egg; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry