title: Effects of Vildagliptin and Metformin on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses to Small Intestinal Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: To evaluate effects of vildagliptin and metformin on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to intraduodenal (ID) glucose in diet-controlled type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Study A compared vildagliptin (50 mg) and placebo, given 60 min before a 120-min ID glucose infusion at 2 or 4 kcal/min (ID2 or ID4) in 16 patients. Study B compared metformin (850 mg) and placebo, given 30 min before ID2 over 120 min in 9 patients.
  
  
  
  Systolic (P= 0.002) and diastolic (P< 0.001) BP were lower and HR greater (P= 0.005) after vildagliptin compared with placebo, without interaction between vildagliptin and the glucose infusion rate. In contrast, HR was greater after metformin than placebo (P< 0.001), without any difference in systolic or diastolic BP.
  
  
  
  Vildagliptin reduces BP and increases HR, whereas metformin increases HR without affecting BP during ID glucose infusion in type 2 diabetes. These distinct cardiovascular profiles during enteral nutrient exposure may have implications for postprandial hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia tongzhi.wu@adelaide.edu.au.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Tongzhi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1656-9210
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Laurence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Trahair
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Tanya J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bound
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077597:Vildagliptin
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D008687:Metformin; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D005947:Glucose; D000218:Adamantane