title: Aptamer-Conjugated Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Reducing Diabetes Risk via Retinol Binding Protein 4 Inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibition of the binding of retinol to its carrier, retinol binding protein 4, is a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes; for this purpose, we have provided an aptamer-functionalized multishell calcium phosphate nanoparticle.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, calcium phosphate nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated to the aptamer. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles releases the process of aptamer from nanoparticles and their inhibition function of binding retinol to retinol binding protein 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After synthesizing and characterizing the multishell calcium phosphate nanoparticles and observing the noncytotoxicity of conjugate, the optimum time (48 hours) and the pH (7.4) for releasing the aptamer from the nanoparticles was determined. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for inhibition of retinol binding to retinol binding protein 4 was 210 femtomolar (fmol).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results revealed that the aptamer could prevent connection between retinol and retinol binding protein 4 at a very low IC50value (210 fmol) compared to other reported inhibitors. It seems that this aptamer could be used as an efficient candidate not only for decreasing the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, but also for inhibiting the other retinol binding protein 4-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Raheleh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torabi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ghourchian@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hedayatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghourchian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amanlou
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasalar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: Aptamer; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; Concentration inhibitrice; Diabète de type 2; Inhibitory concentration; Nanoparticules de phosphate de calcium; Protéine de liaison au rétinol4; Retinol binding protein 4; Type 2 diabetes