title: Genetic analysis of the ATG16L1 gene promoter in sporadic Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and progressive neurodegenerative disease in which the majority of cases arise sporadically. Sporadic PD is caused by the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. To date, genetic causes for sporadic PD remain largely unknown. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular process, has been implicated in PD pathogenesis. We speculated that genetic variants in autophagy-related genes (ATG) that regulate gene expression may contribute to PD development. In our previous studies, we have identified several functional DNA sequence variants (DSVs) in the ATG5, ATG7 and LC3 genes in sporadic PD patients. In this study, we further genetically and functionally analyzed the promoter of the ATG16L1 gene, a critical gene for autophagosome formation, in groups of sporadic PD patients and ethnic-matched healthy controls. One novel heterozygous DSV, 233251432C>T, was found in one PD patient. Functionally, this DSV did not affect the transcriptional activity of the ATG16L1 gene promoter in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Two heterozygous DSVs including one SNP, 233251286G>A (rs539735288) and 233251582C>T, were found only in controls. In addition, five other SNPs were found in both PD patients and controls. Taken together, the data suggested that genetic variants within the ATG16L1 gene promoter were not a risk factor for sporadic PD development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China.
authors.forename: Shuchao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China.
authors.forename: Xianyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
authors.forename: Ziyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. Electronic address: rghawley@gwu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. Electronic address: yanbo@mail.jnmc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C518959:ATG16L1 protein, human; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins
keywords: ATG16L1; Autophagy; DNA sequence variant; Parkinson's disease; Promoter