title: Morbidity and Mortality Conferences: A Narrative Review of Strategies to Prioritize Quality Improvement.
abstract: The morbidity and mortality conference (MMC) provides a valuable opportunity to review patient care processes and safety concerns, aligning with a growing quality improvement (QI) mandate. Yet the structure, processes, and aims of many MMCs are often ill-defined. This review summarizes strategies employed by medical, surgical, and critical care departments in the development of patient safety-centered MMCs.
  
  
  
  A structured narrative review of literature was conducted using combinations of the search terms "morbidity and mortality conference(s)," "morbidity and mortality meetings," or "morbidity and mortality round(s)." The titles and abstracts of 250 returned articles were screened; 76 articles were reviewed in full, with 32 meeting the full inclusion criteria.
  
  
  
  The literature review elicited a number of methods used by medical, surgical, and critical care MMCs to emphasize QI and patient safety outcomes. A list of actionable changes made in each article was compiled. Five themes common to QI-centered MMCs were identified: (1) defining the role of the MMC, (2) involving stakeholders, (3) detecting and selecting appropriate cases for presentation, (4) structuring goal-directed discussion, and (5) forming recommendations and assigning follow-up. Innovative methods to pair adverse event screening with MMCs were superior to nonstructured voluntary reporting and case selection for overall morbidity detection. Structured case review, discussion, and follow-up were more likely to lead to implementing systems-based change, and interdisciplinary MMCs were associated with a greater likelihood of forming an action item.
  
  
  
  The modern patient safety-centered MMC shares common themes of practices that can be adopted by institutions looking to create a venue for analysis of care processes, a platform to launch QI initiatives, and a culture of safety.
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta. Electronic address: vegiesbr@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giesbrecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Selena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Au
mesh_terms: D004282:Documentation; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012308:Risk Management / Q000592:standards; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards; D056164:Teaching Rounds