title: Hydrophobic kenaf nanocrystalline cellulose for the binding of curcumin.
abstract: Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) extracted from lignocellulosic materials has been actively investigated as a drug delivery excipients due to its large surface area, high aspect ratio, and biodegradability. In this study, the hydrophobically modified NCC was used as a drug delivery excipient of hydrophobic drug curcumin. The modification of NCC with a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to modulate the loading of hydrophobic drugs that would not normally bind to NCC. The FTIR, Elemental analysis, XRD, TGA, and TEM were used to confirm the modification of NCC with CTAB. The effect of concentration of CTAB on the binding efficiency of hydrophobic drug curcumin was investigated. The amounts of curcumin bound onto the CTAB-NCC nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-vis Spectrophotometric. The result showed that the modified CTAB-NCC bound a significant amount of curcumin, in a range from 80% to 96% curcumin added. Nevertheless, at higher concentration of CTAB resulted in lower binding efficiency.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norhidayu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zainuddin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Polymer Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ishak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hanieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kargarzadeh
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Polymer Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: su_ramli@ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Suria
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramli
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D002482:Cellulose; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide; Curcumin; Drug delivery; Hydrophobic NCC; Nanocrystalline cellulose; Surface modification