title: Hairy root culture optimization and resveratrol production from Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvesteris.
abstract: Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound produced in very low levels in grapes. To achieve high yield of resveratrol in wild grape, three Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, Ar318, ArA4 and LBA9402, were used to induce hairy roots following infection of internodes, nodes or petioles of in vitro grown Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvesteris accessions W2 and W16, and cultivar Rasha. The effects of inoculation time, age of explants, bacterial concentration and co-cultivation times were examined on the efficiency of the production of hairy roots. Strains Ar318, ArA4 and LBA9402 all induced hairy roots in the tested genotypes, but the efficiency of ArA4 strain was higher than the other strains. The highest hairy root production was with using internodes as explants. The transformation of hairy roots lines was confirmed by PCR detection of rolB gene. Half Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was better for biomass production compared with MS medium. HPLC analysis of resveratrol production in the hairy root cultures showed that all the genotypes produced higher amounts of resveratrol than control roots. The highest amount of resveratrol was produced from W16 internode cultures, which was 31-fold higher than that of control root. Furthermore, TLC analysis showed that treatments of hairy roots with sodium acetate and jasmonate elevated resveratrol levels both in hairy root tissue and excreted into the half MS medium. These results demonstrate that endogenous and exogenous factors can affect resveratrol production in hairy root culture of grape, and this strategy could be used to increase low resveratrol production in grapes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box: 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Mehdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box: 416, Sanandaj, Iran. b.bahramnejad@uok.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bahramnejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Seed and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Centre of West Azerbaijan, Uremia, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Douleti Baneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Aryo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emamifar
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D060054:Agrobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D018533:Biomass; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D018744:DNA, Plant; D054883:Oxylipins; D013267:Stilbenes; D019346:Sodium Acetate; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Elicitors; HPLC; Hairy roots; Resveratrol; Thin layer chromatography; Vitis