title: Randall Sakai, chronic social stress, and the research tradition of Curt Richter.
abstract: This paper describes Randall Sakai's professional career from graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania, through postdoctoral work at Rockefeller University, and to being an independent investigator at the University of Cincinnati. He was fortunate in having Alan Epstein, Bruce McEwen, and Eliot Stellar as mentors. Early in Sakai's graduate work, Epstein and Stellar introduced him to Curt Richter, the legendary investigator at Johns Hopkins. This early introduction to Richter and his tradition of research was crucial for Sakai's scientific development. We review Sakai's research with the Visible Burrowing System (VBS) at Cincinnati. This was the most original of Sakai's research interests. His experimental proficiency in the investigation of salt appetite, food intake, and obesity led him to focus on the effect of chronic social stress on food intake, body composition, metabolism, and the distribution of fat. He and his colleagues, many of them his students, were able to demonstrate that chronic social stress produced changes in metabolism and fat distribution that were characteristic of an incipient metabolic syndrome that could lead to obesity. This did not solve the problem, but showed the way to further investigation. This opening up of problems to experimental investigation was a hallmark of Richter's research. Thus, Sakai worked in the mainstream of the research tradition of Richter. He did what he revered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: gpsmith@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Gerard P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000266:history; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States
keywords: Chronic social stress; Curt Richter; Fat distribution; Mentoring; Metabolic stress; Research tradition; Subordinate stress