title: Lidocaine gel vs lidocaine spray in reducing pain during insertion of the intrauterine contraceptive device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the pain-relieving effect of intracervical lidocaine gel with that of lidocaine spray or no local anaesthesia in decreasing pain during insertion of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective multicentre non-randomised comparative study design, 420 women were divided into three groups of 140 and fitted with the same type of IUCD. Group 1 received cervical lidocaine gel, group 2 received cervical lidocaine spray and group 3 received no topical anaesthesia. A visual analogue scale was used to measure the degree of pain experienced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the three groups with regard to baseline characteristics such as age and number of deliveries. Significantly less pain was felt during cervical traction in women using a local anaesthetic. However, there were no significant differences in pain due to IUCD insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of a local anaesthetic decreased the pain resulting from cervical traction but not that resulting from IUCD insertion.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , October 6 University , Giza , Egypt.|b Air Force Specialized Hospital , New Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torky
authors.affiliation: b Air Force Specialized Hospital , New Cairo , Egypt.|c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Asem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: b Air Force Specialized Hospital , New Cairo , Egypt.|c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: El-Sayed
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: El-Desouky
authors.affiliation: b Air Force Specialized Hospital , New Cairo , Egypt.|c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dief
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Al-Galaa Teaching Hospital , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Intrauterine contraceptive device; lidocaine; pain