title: Assessment of immune status of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) during short term exposure to phenanthrene.
abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to assess the immune status in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) exposed to different concentrations of phenanthrene (Phe) for 14days. In addition, the Phe accumulation in the fish muscle was measured during the experiment. Fish were injected with different concentrations (0, 2, 20 and 40mg/kg) of Phe and samples were taken from tissue and blood of fish 1, 4, 7 and 14days after injection. Exposure of fish to Phe caused a significant decrease in white blood cells, C3 and C4 levels, lysosomal membrane stability, lysozyme activity after 4days and antibacterial activity after 7days of the experiment. In contrast, cortisol level significantly increased after 4days. The concentration of Phe in fish muscle increased rapidly after 4days. The main tissue changes observed in the head kidney including increase in melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), empty spaces between cells and hemorrhage. The degree of tissue changes ranged from normal to moderate in Phe-treated fish. The size and number of MMCs in treated fish were significantly higher than control. In conclusion, Phe toxicity in yellowfin seabream can induce increased cortisol level, tissue changes and immune suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr City, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Electronic address: shirmohammadim@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehrnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirmohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr City, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Electronic address: Salamatnegin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salamat
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr City, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Electronic address: mt.ronagh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ronagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr City, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Electronic address: amovahedinia@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdolali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movahedinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: ghamidian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamidian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C031181:phenanthrene; D009113:Muramidase; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Cortisol; Head kidney; Innate immunity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons