title: Exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A induces cellular dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the possible involvement of oxidative stress in tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. To examine the potential effect of TBBPA on cultured osteoblastic cells, we measured cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial parameters including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, cardiolipin content, cytochrome c release, cyclophilin levels, and differentiation markers in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. TBBPA exposure for 48 h caused the apoptosis and cytotoxicity of MC3T3-E1 cells. TBBPA also induced ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that TBBPA induces osteoblast apoptosis and ROS production, resulting in bone diseases. Moreover, TBBPA induced cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release, and decreased ATP levels which induced apoptosis or necrosis. TBBPA decreased the differentiation markers, collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition in cells. Additionally, TBBPA decreased cyclophilin A and B releases. Taken together, these data support the notion that TBBPA inhibits osteoblast function and has detrimental effects on osteoblasts through a mechanism involving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Youl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungjoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngmi Kim
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project) , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonchae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project) , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joohun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A
keywords: Mitochondrial function; osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells; oxidative stress; tetrabromobisphenol A