title: Specific bioactive compounds in ginger and apple alleviate hyperglycemia in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity via Nrf2 mediated pathway.
abstract: Prolonged hyperglycemia activates the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Major dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal or glyoxal are found to be the main precursors of AGEs and N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) found to be predominantly higher in the diabetic population. We hypothesized that phloretin from apple and [6]-gingerol from ginger inhibit formation of AGEs and suppress the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathway. Phloretin and [6]-gingerol were supplemented at two different doses to C57BL/6 mice on high fat diet or standard diet for a period of 17weeks. Phloretin or [6]-gingerol supplementation significantly reduced plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, AGEs and insulin levels. Phloretin and [6]-gingerol also decreased the levels of AGEs and CML levels, via Nrf2 pathway, enhancing GSH/GSSG ratio, heme oxygenase-1 and glyoxalase 1 in liver tissue. These results suggest that phloretin and [6]-gingerol are potential dietary compounds that can alleviate diabetes-induced complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar.
authors.forename: Chethan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sampath
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar.
authors.forename: Muhammed Raihan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Shengmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar. Electronic address: ahmedna@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmedna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Advance glycation end-products; CML; GSH; Nrf2; Phloretin; RAGE; [6]-Gingerol