title: Antimicrobial activity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole released from environmentally friendly nanostructured layered double hydroxides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this work was to assess the antibacterial effect of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), used as model-biocide, immobilized in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) structure, under different conditions of pH and salinity, envisaging possible applications of the system in active antifouling and anticorrosion coatings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biological effects of MBT immobilized in LDH were assessed by monitoring bacterial bioluminescence of cell suspensions of either Allivibrio fischeri or a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli, as a proxy for bacterial activity. Salinity (1, 2 and 3% NaCl) and pH (4, 5, 6 and 7) of the suspension media were experimentally manipulated and biocide release tests were performed in parallel. The release profiles obtained by UV-visible spectrophotometry indicated a fast release of biocide from MBT@LDH, slightly enhanced in 3% NaCl and under alkaline conditions. However, biological effects were more pronounced at 1% NaCl and at neutral pH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The release and toxic effect of MBT immobilized in LDH is dependent on the concentration of solutes in the suspension medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm LDH as a biologically compatible material with potential to be used for biocide delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research GmbH, Institute of Materials Research - MagIC, Geesthacht, Germany.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zheludkevich
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tedim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: M G S
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-3521
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D006878:Hydroxides; C005563:captax
keywords: antimicrobials; bioluminescence; immobilized biocides; nanomaterials; triggered release