title: Resveratrol fails to provide prophylactic protection in a rat model of organophosphate poisoning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paraoxonase-1, an organophosphorous-hydrolyzing enzyme, was shown to provide protection against organophosphates poisoning in vivo. In vitro findings suggest that the phytoalexin resveratrol can elevate paraoxonase-1 levels and thus may provide protection against organophosphate poisoning. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prolonged resveratrol intake on paraoxonase-1 levels in rats, and its role as a potential prophylactic treatment in organophosphate poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: rats receiving no resveratrol (Control group, n = 10), rats treated once daily with oral gavage of ethanol only (Sham group, n = 6), and rats treated once daily with oral gavage of resveratrol (50 mg/kg) (Study group, n = 14). Following 2 weeks of feeding, all rats were exposed to 1.4LD50 paraoxon (450 mg/kg, intramuscular; 0.5 ml/kg) and monitored for severity of clinical signs and mortality. Paraoxonase-1 activity level was recorded in the beginning of the study and 2 weeks later, just before exposure to paraoxon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant decrease in paraoxonase-1 activity levels in all groups compared to baseline levels (p = 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the study group and the controls (p = 0.7). Following exposure to paraoxon, all animals suffered from severe convulsions and died within minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following resveratrol intake in rats, paraoxonase-1 activity levels decreased. We found no beneficial effects in using resveratrol as a prophylactic medical countermeasure.
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.|The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yossi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rosman
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravfogel
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiyovich
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrot
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Nadav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milk
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Nimrod
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ophir
authors.affiliation: Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Medical Center, Bat-Galim, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Ishai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nir
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kassirer
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.|The Institute for Research in Military Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.|NBC Protection Division, Israel Ministry of Defense, Kaplan St., Hakirya, Tel Aviv, 61909 Israel.
authors.forename: Arik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisenkraft
keywords: Bioscavengers; Medical countermeasure; Nerve agents; Organophosphates; PON-1; Pre-treatment; Prophylaxis; Resveratrol