title: Pediatric extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation during nights and weekends.
abstract: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a lifesaving rescue therapy for patients with refractory cardiac arrest. Previous studies suggest that maintaining a 24/7 in-house surgical team may reduce ECPR initiation time and improve survival in adult patients. However, an association between cardiac arrest occurring during off-hours and ECPR outcome has not been established in children.
  
  
  
  This is a single institution, retrospective review of all pediatric patients who received ECPR from December 2008 to August 2015.
  
  
  
  During the study period, ECPR was performed 54 times in 53 patients (20 weekday, 34 night/weekend). Interval from ECPR activation to initiation of extracorporeal life support was significantly longer during night/weekends (49min night/weekend vs. 33min weekday, p<0.001) as was the interval from ECPR activation to incision for cannulation (26min night/weekend vs. 14min Weekday, p<0.001). Rate of central nervous system (CNS) injury was higher in the night/weekend group (43% night/weekend vs. 15% weekday, p=0.04), with associated 75% mortality prior to hospital discharge. Time of arrest did not impact survival to hospital discharge (44% night/weekend vs. 55% weekday, p=0.57), one-year survival (33% night/weekend vs. 44% weekday, p=0.44), or neurologic outcome (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Score at 1-year post-ECPR, 1.45 weekday vs. 1.50 night/weekend, p=0.82).
  
  
  
  Cardiac arrest occurring at night or during weekend hours is associated with a longer ECPR initiation time and higher rates of CNS injury. However, prolonged pre-ECPR support associated with off-hours cardiac arrest does not appear to impact survival or functional outcome in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Brogan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States. Electronic address: michael.mcmullan@seattlechildrens.org.
authors.forename: D Michael
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McMullan
mesh_terms: D039602:After-Hours Care; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Extracorporeal life support; Pediatrics