title: Effects of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome on rat skeletal cells and tissue, and their responses to metformin treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deleterious effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on bone are still controversial. In this study we evaluated the effects of a fructose-induced MS, and/or an oral treatment with metformin on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), as well as on bone formation and architecture.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 male 8week-old Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: control (C), control plus oral metformin (CM), rats receiving 10% fructose in drinking water (FRD), and FRD plus metformin (FRDM). Samples were collected to measure blood parameters, and to perform pQCT analysis and static and dynamic histomorphometry. MSC were isolated to determine their osteogenic potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metformin improved blood parameters in FRDM rats. pQCT and static and dynamic histomorphometry showed no significant differences in trabecular and cortical bone parameters among groups. FRD reduced TRAP expression and osteocyte density in trabecular bone and metformin only normalized osteocyte density. FRD decreased the osteogenic potential of MSC and metformin administration could revert some of these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FRD-induced MS shows reduction in MSC osteogenic potential, in osteocyte density and in TRAP activity. Oral metformin treatment was able to prevent trabecular osteocyte loss and the reduction in extracellular mineralization induced by FRD-induced MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Felice
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: León
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schurman
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Antonio Desmond
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sedlinsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: José Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: cortizo@biol.unlp.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cortizo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005632:Fructose; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D008687:Metformin
keywords: Bone architecture; Fructose; Metabolic syndrome; Metformin; Osteoblasts