title: Development of whole-sediment toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) techniques for two Australian freshwater species: Chironomus tepperi and Austrochiltonia subtenuis.
abstract: Most of the public literature and available guidance documents on the conduct of freshwater whole-sediment toxicity identification and evaluations (TIEs) detail the use of test organisms and amending agents that are readily available in North America. These commonly used test organisms and the supported amending agents, however, are not available and largely inappropriate (i.e., not native species) for conducting whole-sediment TIEs outside of North America. The overall objective of the present study was to build foundational methods for performing freshwater whole-sediment TIEs in Australia. We examined the capability of 3 amending agents: ANZ38 Zeolite (for ammonia; Castle Mountain Zeolites), Oxpure 325B-9 Activated Carbon (for nonpolar organics; Oxbow Activated Carbon), and Lewatit MonoPlus TP 207 (for cationic metals; Lanxess Deutschland) on 2 Australian native freshwater species: the midge Chironomus tepperi and the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis. To evaluate the effectiveness of each amendment, bioassays were conducted with spiked sediments of ammonia, permethrin (as part of a commercial formulation), and copper using acute median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for both species and growth median effect concentration (EC50) of midges as the endpoints of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2476-2484. © 2017 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: W Tyler
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Mehler
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keough
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pettigrove
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000633:toxicity; D033304:Amphipoda; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D002606:Charcoal; D002683:Chironomidae; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity; D005618:Fresh Water; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009656:North America; D026023:Permethrin / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017641:Zeolites; D002606:Charcoal; D026023:Permethrin; D000641:Ammonia; D003300:Copper
keywords: Australia; Freshwater toxicology; Sediment toxicity; Toxicity identification and evaluations (TIEs)