title: Peptide Cross-linkers: Immobilization of Platinum Nanoparticles Highly Dispersed on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities.
abstract: For exerting potential catalytic and photocatalytic activities of metal nanoparticles (MNPs), immobilization of MNPs on a support medium in highly dispersed state is desired. In this Research Article, we demonstrated that surfactant-free platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were efficiently immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in a highly dispersed state by utilizing oligopeptide β-sheets as a cross-linker. The fluorenyl-substituted peptides were designed to form β-sheets, where metal-binding thiol groups and protonated and positively charged amino groups are integrated on the opposite sides of the surface of a β-sheet, which efficiently bridge PtNPs and GO nanosheet. In comparison to PtNP/GO composite without the peptide linker, the PtNP/peptide/GO ternary complex exhibited excellent photocatalytic dye degradation activity via electron transfer from GO to PtNP and simultaneous hole transfer from oxidized GO to the dye. Furthermore, the ternary complex showed photoinduced hydrogen evolution upon visible light irradiation using a hole scavenger. This research provides a new methodology for the development of photocatalytic materials by a bottom-up strategy on the basis of self-assembling features of biomolecules.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-402X
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutaru
authors.affiliation: Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), and NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum (NETZ), University of Duisburg-Essen , 7 Universitätstraße, 45141 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marzun
authors.affiliation: Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), and NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum (NETZ), University of Duisburg-Essen , 7 Universitätstraße, 45141 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsakowski
authors.affiliation: Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), and NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum (NETZ), University of Duisburg-Essen , 7 Universitätstraße, 45141 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-7272
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barcikowski
authors.forename: Dachao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-8375
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-3730
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
keywords: graphene oxide; peptide; photocatalysis; platinum nanoparticle; β-sheet