title: Clinical profile and outcomes of management of orbital cellulitis in Upper Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this paper is to study the etiology, clinical findings, and outcomes of management of cases of orbital cellulitis treated in Minia University Hospital in Upper Egypt over the period of 6 years from July 2009 to July 2015. One-hundred two patients diagnosed to have orbital cellulitis were admitted to the hospital and treated on inpatient basis from July 2009 to July 2015. All patients were subjected to full ophthalmological examination, systemic evaluation, and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) consultation. Axial and coronal CT scan and orbital echography were done for all patients. All patients received medical treatments, and 20 patients needed surgical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The source of infection was paranasal sinusitis in 66 patients, trauma in 14 cases, panophthalmitis in 6 patients, and dental infection in 2 cases, and no definite source was detected in 14 cases. Subperiosteal abscess (SPA) developed in 16 patients. The final best corrected visual acuity improved in 58% of the cases, decreased in 4%, and remained unchanged in 38% of cases. No intracranial complication was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good presenting visual acuity and appropriate medical treatment together with early surgical intervention in cases of SPA are important factors to achieve favorable outcomes in orbital cellulitis. All cases with SPA had paranasal sinusitis, and contrary to previous studies, superior SPA location was the most common followed by the medial location.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Minia University Hospital, Minia City, Minia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Mohamed Kamal
authors.initials: AMK
authors.lastname: Elshafei
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Minia University Hospital, Minia City, Minia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Farouk
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Minia University Hospital, Minia City, Minia Governorate, Egypt. raafat.abdelrahman@mu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Raafat Mohyeldeen Abdelrahman
authors.initials: RMA
authors.lastname: Abdallah
keywords: Orbital cellulitis; Sinusitis; Subperiosteal abscess