title: A randomized trial and novel SPR technique identifies altered lipoprotein-LDL receptor binding as a mechanism underlying elevated LDL-cholesterol in APOE4s.
abstract: At a population level APOE4 carriers (~25% Caucasians) are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. The penetrance of genotype is however variable and influenced by dietary fat composition, with the APOE4 allele associated with greater LDL-cholesterol elevation in response to saturated fatty acids (SFA). The etiology of this greater responsiveness is unknown. Here a novel surface plasmon resonance technique (SPR) is developed and used, along with hepatocyte (with the liver being the main organ modulating lipoprotein metabolism and plasma lipid levels) uptake studies to establish the impact of dietary fatty acid composition on, lipoprotein-LDL receptor (LDLR) binding, and hepatocyte uptake, according to APOE genotype status. In men prospectively recruited according to APOE genotype (APOE3/3 common genotype, or APOE3/E4), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) were isolated at fasting and 4-6 h following test meals rich in SFA, unsaturated fat and SFA with fish oil. In APOE4s a greater LDLR binding affinity of postprandial TRL after SFA, and lower LDL binding and hepatocyte internalization, provide mechanisms for the greater LDL-cholesterol raising effect. The SPR technique developed may be used for the future study of the impact of genotype, and physiological and behavioral variables on lipoprotein metabolism. Trial registration number NCT01522482.
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food &Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.|Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Calabuig-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food &Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.|Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Biocentre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Leake
authors.affiliation: Unilever Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Walden
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food &Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.|Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food &Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Minihane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019683:Penetrance; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D011973:Receptors, LDL