title: Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic and Physical Adaptations to Different Exercise Training Modes in Young and Old Humans.
abstract: The molecular transducers of benefits from different exercise modalities remain incompletely defined. Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), and combined exercise training enhanced insulin sensitivity and lean mass, but only HIIT and combined training improved aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. HIIT revealed a more robust increase in gene transcripts than other exercise modalities, particularly in older adults, although little overlap with corresponding individual protein abundance was noted. HIIT reversed many age-related differences in the proteome, particularly of mitochondrial proteins in concert with increased mitochondrial protein synthesis. Both RT and HIIT enhanced proteins involved in translational machinery irrespective of age. Only small changes of methylation of DNA promoter regions were observed. We provide evidence for predominant exercise regulation at the translational level, enhancing translational capacity and proteome abundance to explain phenotypic gains in muscle mitochondrial function and hypertrophy in all ages.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dasari
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Konopka
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manjunatha
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Raul Ruiz
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Esponda
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Rickey E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: nair.sree@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: K Sreekumaran
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: aging; exercise; human; insulin clamp; interval; methylation; proteome; skeletal muscle; tracer; transcriptome