title: Diabetes Insipidus.
abstract: Disruption of water and electrolyte balance is frequently encountered in clinical medicine. Regulating water metabolism is critically important. Diabetes insipidus (DI) presented with excessive water loss from the kidney is a major disorder of water metabolism. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms and pathophysiology of DI and rationales of clinical management of DI is important for both research and clinical practice. This chapter will first review various forms of DI focusing on central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI ) . This is followed by a discussion of regulatory mechanisms underlying CDI and NDI , with a focus on the regulatory axis of vasopressin, vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R ) and the water channel molecule, aquaporin 2 (AQP2 ). The clinical manifestation, diagnosis and management of various forms of DI will also be discussed with highlights of some of the latest therapeutic strategies that are developed from in vitro experiments and animal studies.
authors.affiliation: Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. halu@partners.org.
authors.forename: H A Jenny
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: C496023:AQP2 protein, human; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D014867:Water; D014667:Vasopressins; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin
keywords: Aquaporin 2; Diabetes insipidus; Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; V2R