title: The Relationship of Three-Dimensional Human Skull Motion to Brain Tissue Deformation in Magnetic Resonance Elastography Studies.
abstract: In traumatic brain injury (TBI), membranes such as the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater play a vital role in transmitting motion from the skull to brain tissue. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging technique developed for noninvasive estimation of soft tissue material parameters. In MRE, dynamic deformation of brain tissue is induced by skull vibrations during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, skull motion and its mode of transmission to the brain remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, displacements of points in the skull, reconstructed using data from an array of MRI-safe accelerometers, were compared to displacements of neighboring material points in brain tissue, estimated from MRE measurements. Comparison of the relative amplitudes, directions, and temporal phases of harmonic motion in the skulls and brains of six human subjects shows that the skull-brain interface significantly attenuates and delays transmission of motion from skull to brain. In contrast, in a cylindrical gelatin "phantom," displacements of the rigid case (reconstructed from accelerometer data) were transmitted to the gelatin inside (estimated from MRE data) with little attenuation or phase lag. This quantitative characterization of the skull-brain interface will be valuable in the parameterization and validation of computer models of TBI.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105 e-mail: abadachhape@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Badachhape
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105.
authors.forename: Ruth J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105.
authors.forename: Ramona S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105.
authors.forename: Brent D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105.
authors.forename: Sam J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nadell
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105;Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105.
authors.forename: Philip V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bayly
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009068:Movement; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*