title: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Excessive Fibrinolysis (DIC XFL) Syndrome in Prostate Cancer: A Rare Complicated Disorder.
abstract: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) develops in patient with prostate cancer, which is manifested by systemic, intracranial, intracavitary or intracutaneous bleeding indicating uncompensated or excessive fibrinolysis (XFL). This case report is a description of a 61-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer that progressed to manifest DIC. The condition is rare in clinical practice, and even rarer when is coupled with XFL. Treatment was mainly replenishing coagulation factors, platelets and controlling the disease progression with aggressive hormonal therapy. The patient progressed to coagulopathy further with fibrinolysis, hence leading to mortality. This case study discusses the pathophysiology of this complication and various methods to monitor the disease progression are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Consultant Urology Surgeon and Senior Medical Lecturer, Urology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Azhar Bin Amir
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hamzah
authors.affiliation: Doctor, Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Yew Maw
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Professor, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Mohamed Azmi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hassali
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Masters (Research) Candidate, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Ashutosh Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
keywords: Fibrinolysis; Hormonal therapy; Intravascular Coagulation; Metastatic prostate cancer