title: Adverse Drug Event Causality Analysis (ADECA): A Process for Evaluating Evidence and Assigning Drugs to Risk Categories for Sudden Death.
abstract: Growing evidence indicates that many drugs have the ability to cause a potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia, torsades de pointes (TdP). This necessitates the development of a compilation of drugs that have this potential toxicity. Such a list is helpful in identifying the etiology of TdP in patients taking multiple drugs and assists decision making by those caring for patients at high risk of TdP. The Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (AZCERT) has developed a process to standardize the identification of drugs and place them in risk categories for their clinical ability to cause TdP and QT prolongation. AZCERT's Adverse Drug Event Causality Analysis (ADECA) utilizes 16 types of data drawn from four sources to compile an open-source knowledge base, QTdrugs, which is maintained on the CredibleMeds.org website. Because the evidence for most drugs is incomplete, the ADECA process is used to place drugs into one of three categories that represent different levels of certainty: known TdP risk, possible TdP risk, and conditional TdP risk. Each category has strict evidentiary requirements for clinical evidence of TdP and/or QT prolongation. These are described in this paper. Because evidence can evolve over time, the ADECA process includes the continuous gathering and analysis of newly emerging evidence to revise the lists. The QTdrugs lists have proven to be a valued, readily available, commercial influence-free resource for healthcare providers, patients, researchers, and authors of consensus guidelines for the safe use of medicines.
authors.affiliation: AZCERT, 1822 E. Innovation Park Drive, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA. rwoosley@azcert.org.|University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA. rwoosley@azcert.org.
authors.forename: Raymond L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2588-328X
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Woosley
authors.affiliation: Critical Path Institute, 1730 E. River Road, Tucson, AZ, 85705, USA.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Heise
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, 550 E. Van Buren St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, 1295 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Heath, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Woosley
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, College of Nursing, 1305 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000209:etiology