title: Emerging role of dopamine in neovascularization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
abstract: Dopamine is a catecholamine that acts both as a neurotransmitter and as a hormone, exerting its functionsviadopamine (DA) receptors that are present in a broad variety of organs and cells throughout the body. In the circulation, DA is primarily stored in and transported by blood platelets. Recently, the important contribution of DA in the regulation of angiogenesis has been recognized.In vitroandin vivostudies have shown that DA inhibits angiogenesis through activation of the DA receptor type 2. Overproduction of catecholamines is the biochemical hallmark of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL). The increased production of DA has been shown to be an independent predictor of malignancy in these tumors. The precise relationship underlying the association between DA production and PCC and PGL behavior needs further clarification. Herein, we review the biochemical and physiologic aspects of DA with a focus on its relations with VEGF and hypoxia inducible factor related angiogenesis pathways, with special emphasis on DA producing PCC and PGL.-Osinga, T. E., Links, T. P., Dullaart, R. P. F., Pacak, K., van der Horst-Schrivers, A. N. A., Kerstens, M. N., Kema, I. P. Emerging role of dopamine in neovascularization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thamara E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Osinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thera P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Links
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robin P F
authors.initials: RPF
authors.lastname: Dullaart
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pacak
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anouk N A
authors.initials: ANA
authors.lastname: van der Horst-Schrivers
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michiel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kerstens
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands i.p.kema@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Ido P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Kema
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine
keywords: VEGF; angiogenesis; hypoxia-inducible factor