title: Patterns of Disease Monitoring and Treatment Among Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-related Angiomyolipomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) Natural History Database to describe monitoring and treatment patterns among patients with TSC-related angiomyolipomas (AMLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used the TSC Natural History Database, which contains demographics, affected areas, diagnosis, and treatments for more than 1300 patients with TSC enrolled in 16 participating clinics during 2006-2013. Patient characteristics, AML monitoring tests, and AML treatments were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 621 patients with TSC-related AMLs, 54% were female; 77% were Caucasian. Median age at TSC diagnosis was <1 year, whereas median age at AML diagnosis was 9.8 years. Most patients (84%) had at least 1 monitoring test following AML diagnosis. The most commonly used tests were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 65% of patients), ultrasound (62%), and computed tomography (41%). Between 2000 and 2012, MRI made up an increasingly large proportion of the total number of monitoring tests. Once diagnosed, 155 (25%) of patients received treatment for AML. The median time from diagnosis to first treatment was 3.8 years. The most common treatments were embolization (10%), everolimus (9%), sirolimus (6%), and nephrectomy (6%). The rate of nephrectomies declined over time, with none conducted during 2011 and 2012. No subsequent surgeries were reported among the 71 patients who received mTOR inhibitor as first-line therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of MRIs increased between 2000 and 2012 among patients with TSC-AML. The majority of these patients did not receive treatment for AML. Use of nephrectomy decreased over the study period and was particularly rare in patients who received an mTOR inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA. Electronic address: elyse.swallow@analysisgroup.com.
authors.forename: Elyse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swallow
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jinlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeples
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Signorovitch
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prestifilippo
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Epilepsy Group, Saint Paul, MN.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohrman
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korf
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Darcy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sparagana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012984:Software; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000068338:Everolimus; D020123:Sirolimus