title: Fenugreek Seed Powder Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the aged population and is characterized by the progressive loss of the hippocampal and cortical neurons, which results in memory and cognitive impairments. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) has been reported to have hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, hyperinsulinemic and anti-diabetic properties. Traditionally, it was used as a galactagogue and to treat anorexia, fever gastritis, gastric ulcers, and various nervous disorders. However, the neuroprotective effect of fenugreek seed powder against aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced AD rats has not been analyzed. The result of the present study indicated that the chronic administration of AlCl3 induced significant learning and memory impairments, oxidative stress, and alterations in the protein immunocontent patterns of IDE and CDK5 (enzymes involved in the metabolism of tau and amyloid proteins), pTau, GFAP and Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, COX-2, CDK5, BDNF, and STAT3. Our behavioral, biochemical, and molecular studies revealed that the co-administration of fenugreek seed powder significantly attenuated the AlCl3 induced memory deficits, amyloid and tau pathology, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD rats could be due to the synergistic action of its active components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Asokan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prema
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Arokiasamy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Justin Thenmozhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Thamilarasan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manivasagam
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.|Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.|Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Musthafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamed Essa
authors.affiliation: Neuroinflammation group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deb Bailey MND Research Laboratory, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Gilles J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Guillemin
mesh_terms: D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002712:Chlorides; D016207:Cytokines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D016875:tau Proteins; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; C056164:fenugreek seed meal; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; fenugreek seeds; inflammation; neuroprotection; oxidative stress tau pathology