title: The host response to naturally-derived extracellular matrix biomaterials.
abstract: Biomaterials based on natural materials including decellularized tissues and tissue-derived hydrogels are becoming more widely used for clinical applications. Because of their native composition and structure, these biomaterials induce a distinct form of the foreign body response that differs from that of non-native biomaterials. Differences include direct interactions with cells via preserved moieties as well as the ability to undergo remodeling. Moreover, these biomaterials could elicit adaptive immune responses due to the presence of modified native molecules. Therefore, these biomaterials present unique challenges in terms of understanding the progression of the foreign body response. This review covers this response to natural materials including natural polymers, decellularized tissues, cell-derived matrix, tissue derived hydrogels, and biohybrid materials. With the expansion of the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the current repertoire of biomaterials has also expanded and requires continuous investigation of the responses they elicit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Stamer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address: themis.kyriakides@yale.edu.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kyriakides
mesh_terms: D062088:Acellular Dermis; D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000276:immunology*; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D044968:Regenerative Medicine
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Biocompatibility; Biohybrid; Biomaterials; Cell-derived matrix; Decellularized; Extracellular matrix; Foreign body response; Hydrogel; Regeneration