title: Associations of common noncommunicable medical conditions and chronic diseases with chronotype in a population-based health examination study.
abstract: Chronotype is an emerging predictor of health and longevity, and understanding its influence on chronic diseases is important for constructing conceptual models of long-term pathways to health. We assessed the associations of chronotype with health status in the general Finnish adult population. Our population-based data were derived from the National FINRISK 2012 study and consisted of 4414 participants, aged 25-74 years, living in Finland. As part of their health examination, participants were asked about their circadian preference to the daily activities (morningness-eveningness) and a diagnosis or treatment for a set of common noncommunicable medical conditions and chronic diseases during the past 12 months. We found that there were 1935 (43.8%) morning types (MTs) and 595 (13.5%) evening types (ETs) and that 1884 (42.7%) were intermediates. As compared with the MTs, the ETs had significantly greater odds for depression (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.52-3.90, p < 0.001) and other mental disorders (OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 2.32-11.52, p < 0.001). The odds were also increased for gallstones, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but these did not remain significant after controlling for multiple testing. Responses to the single-item subjective estimation on the chronotype yielded the association of the definitely evening type of persons with the diagnosis or treatment of cardiac insufficiency (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.02-3.88, p = 0.044) that was corroborated as the greater the eveningness score was, the more common the diagnosis or treatment of cardiac insufficiency was (β = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.98, p = 0.013). This exploratory study adds further support to the role of evening chronotype in chronic disease risk, albeit underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.|b Department of Public Health , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Syaron
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basnet
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.|c Department of Psychology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merikanto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.|b Department of Public Health , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Tuuli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lahti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.|d Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.|e Medical Treatment Operational Area, Hospital District of North Karelia , Joensuu , Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laatikainen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Solutions , National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Partonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Chronotype; daily activities; disease; health examination; population