title: MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Aging and anti-aging: a Combo-Endocrinology overview.
abstract: Aging and its underlying pathophysiological background has always attracted the attention of the scientific society. Defined as the gradual, time-dependent, heterogeneous decline of physiological functions, aging is orchestrated by a plethora of molecular mechanisms, which vividly interact to alter body homeostasis. The ability of an organism to adjust to these alterations, in conjunction with the dynamic effect of various environmental stimuli across lifespan, promotes longevity, frailty or disease. Endocrine function undergoes major changes during aging, as well. Specifically, alterations in hormonal networks and concomitant hormonal deficits/excess, augmented by poor sensitivity of tissues to their action, take place. As hypothalamic-pituitary unit is the central regulator of crucial body functions, these alterations can be translated in significant clinical sequelae that can impair the quality of life and promote frailty and disease. Delineating the hormonal signaling alterations that occur across lifespan and exploring possible remedial interventions could possibly help us improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote longevity.
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diamanti-Kandarakis
authors.affiliation: ParthenogenLugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dattilo
authors.affiliation: Clinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Djuro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macut
authors.affiliation: Medical SchoolUniversity of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.|Endocrine ClinicEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duntas
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research FoundationInstitute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Efstathios S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gonos
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyMedical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Goulis
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics Medical SchoolAghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina Kanaka
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Gantenbein
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research FoundationInstitute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapetanou
authors.affiliation: Endocrine DepartmentElena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eftychia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koukkou
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambrinoudaki
authors.affiliation: Endocrine DivisionInternal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal MedicineMc Goven Medical School, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eftekhari-Nader
authors.affiliation: S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital of BolognaBologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine PropaedeuticResearch Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Melpomeni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peppa
authors.affiliation: Evangelismos HospitalAthens, Greece.
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzanela
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vassilatou
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, 'Red Cross Hospital', Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andromachi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vryonidou
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004035:Diet Therapy; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000378:metabolism*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D059247:Fertility Preservation; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000378:metabolism; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000378:metabolism; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause / Q000378:metabolism; D065851:Ovarian Reserve; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011788:Quality of Life; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013961:Thyroid Gland; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000728:Androgens; D000975:Antioxidants; D006062:Gonadotropins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013739:Testosterone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone