title: The Validity of HCC Diagnosis Codes in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in the Veterans Health Administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Administrative databases that include diagnostic codes are valuable sources of information for research purposes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate diagnostic codes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of patients with chronic HBV seen in the national Veterans Administration (VA). HCC cases were identified by the presence of ICD-9 code 155.0. We randomly selected 200 HBV controls without this code as controls. We manually reviewed the electronic medical record (EMR) of all cases and controls to determine HCC status. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity for the HCC code. We conducted an implicit review of the false-positive cases to determine possible reasons for the miscoding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 8350 patients with HBV, 416 had an ICD-9 code for HCC. Of these 416, 332 patients had confirmed HCC and 61 did not; HCC status was indeterminate for 23 patients. Of the 200 controls, none had HCC confirmed in the EMR. The PPV ranged from 85.3 to 80.0% and specificity ranged from 99.2 to 99.0% based on classification of indeterminate cases as true versus false positives, respectively. The NPV, sensitivity, and specificity were 100%. Two-thirds of false-positive cases were diagnosed with HCC prematurely as a workup of liver mass and latter imaging and/or biopsy were not diagnostic for HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic code of HCC in chronic HBV patients in the VHA data is predictive of the presence of HCC in medical records and can be used for epidemiological and clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Ronald.Omino@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-5762
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omino
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd. (152), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.|Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.|Sections of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sahil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd. (152), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.|Sections of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Maneerat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chayanupatkul
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd. (152), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.|Sections of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd. (152), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.|Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.|Sections of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Fasiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kanwal
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000592:standards*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D058014:Veterans Health
keywords: HBV; HCC; Hepatoma; ICD-9; Liver cancer; Veterans; Viral hepatitis