title: Contributions of Social Comparison and Self-Objectification in Mediating Associations Between Facebook Use and Emergent Adults' Psychological Well-Being.
abstract: Although Facebook was created to help people feel connected with each other, data indicate that regular usage has both negative and positive connections to well-being. To explore these mixed results, we tested the role of social comparison and self-objectification as possible mediators of the link between Facebook use and three facets of psychological well-being: self-esteem, mental health, and body shame. Participants were 1,104 undergraduate women and men who completed surveys assessing their Facebook usage (minutes, passive use, and active use), social comparison, self-objectification, and well-being. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, testing separate models for women and men. Models for each gender fit the data well. For women and men, Facebook use was associated with greater social comparison and greater self-objectification, which, in turn, was each related to lower self-esteem, poorer mental health, and greater body shame. Mediated models provided better fits to the data than models testing direct pathways to the mediators and well-being variables. Implications are discussed for young people's social media use, and future directions are provided.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Social Work, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: L Monique
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Rita C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Seabrook
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jerald
authors.affiliation: 3 School of Education, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giaccardi
authors.affiliation: 4 Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Julia R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lippman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012649:Self Concept; D012752:Shame; D061108:Social Media; D012938:Social Perception; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: mental health; objectification; social comparison; social networking