title: Mechanical, biochemical, and dietary determinants of the functional model of bone development of the radius in children and adolescents.
abstract: This study examined the degree to which various mechanical, biochemical, and dietary factors are related to nonweight bearing bone properties in 172 healthy peri-pubertal children (age, 11.7 ± 2.0 years). Dominant radial speed of sound (rSOS) was measured by transaxial quantitative ultrasound at distal radius. Potential modulating factors included somatic maturity offset (years from age of peak height velocity), grip strength, forearm lean cross-sectional area (CSA), physical activity, nutritional intake, and amino-terminal cross-linking propeptide (NTx), reflecting bone resorption. In a hierarchical regression, grip strength adjusted for CSA was the second most important predictor of rSOS after the maturity offset (β = 0.22 and β = 0.33, respectively; R2= 0.16). When relative grip strength was added to the model the contribution of sex was no longer significant. Calcium intake was a significant predictor of rSOS only after NTx was accounted for in the model (β = 0.17, R2= 0.21). This may suggest that calcium's effects on the muscle-bone unit may be modulated through bone resorption. In the final model, relative grip strength together with maturity offset, dietary calcium, and NTx explained up to 21% of the variance in rSOS in this cohort of children. Therefore, during the peri-pubertal stage, size-adjusted forearm muscle strength is related to radial bone strength after controlling for maturity, with calcium intake having a potential indirect association through NTx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.|Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Izabella A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ludwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.|Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Bareket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.|Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.|Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Kimberley L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gammage
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.|Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klentrou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011884:Radius / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: bone resorption; bone speed of sound; complexe os-muscle; force musculaire; muscle strength; muscle-bone unit; radius; résorption osseuse; vitesse du son dans l’os