title: Repellency of the Origanum onites L. essential oil and constituents to the lone star tick and yellow fever mosquito.
abstract: The oregano, Origanum onites L., essential oil (EO) was tested in laboratory behavioural bioassays for repellent activity against Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Aedes aegypti (L.). The O. onites EO was characterised using GC-FID and GC-MS. Carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. At a concentration of 0.413 mg oil/cm2of filter paper, O. onites EO repelled 100% of the ticks tested and at 0.103 mg oil/cm2of filter paper, 66.7% of the ticks were repelled. At 0.075 mg oil/cm2filter paper, thymol repelled 66.7% of the ticks compared to 28.7% by carvacrol at that same concentration. Against Ae. aegypti, O. onites EO was repellent at the minimum effective dosage (MED) of 0.011 (±0.00) mg/cm2in the cloth patch assay compared to the reference control, N,N-dimethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) with a MED = 0.007 ± (0.003) mg/cm2.
authors.affiliation: a USDA, ARS, Invasive Insects Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory , Beltsville Agricultural Research Center , Beltsville , MD , (retired) USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Anadolu University , Eskisehir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.affiliation: c USDA, ARS, Statistics Group , Beltsville Agricultural Research Center , Beltsville , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: d USDA, ARS , Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology , Gainesville , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Ulrich R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.affiliation: d USDA, ARS , Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology , Gainesville , FL , USA.|e Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Natasha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Agramonte
authors.affiliation: f Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Near East University , Nicosia, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10 , Turkey.
authors.forename: K Husnu Can
authors.initials: KHC
authors.lastname: Baser
authors.affiliation: d USDA, ARS , Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology , Gainesville , FL , USA.|e Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Nurhayat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabanca
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000081007:Cymenes; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013943:Thymol / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081007:Cymenes; D007302:Insect Repellents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C007210:4-cymene; D013943:Thymol; C073316:carvacrol; C018584:linalool
keywords: (−)-linalool; Aedes aegypti; Amblyomma americanum; Origanum onites; carvacrol; natural repellency; terpinolene; thymol; α-humulene