title: Potential Biomarkers in Lewis Negative Patients With Pancreatic Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine potential biomarkers in Lewis negative patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is currently the most important and widely used biomarker in pancreatic cancer. However, approximately 5 to 10% of the population are Lewis negative individuals, and they are documented to have scarce or no CA19-9 secretion. Therefore, it is necessary to explore potential biomarkers to compensate for this drawback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lewis genotypes were determined in a large cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer (682 cases) and controls (525 cases) by sequencing the Fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) gene from genomic DNA. Potential biomarkers were examined in patients with Lewis negative genotypes and normal subjects. The impact of potential biomarkers on tumor burden and survival was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven (6.9%) patients with pancreatic cancer had Lewis negative genotypes. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA125 had greater sensitivity than other biomarkers in Lewis negative patients with pancreatic cancer [CEA, 63.8%; CA125, 51.1%; CA72-4, 25.5%; CA15-3, 21.3%; CA19-9, 19.1%; CA50, 12.8%; CA242, 10.6%; and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 0.0%]. In addition, both CEA (98.0%) and CA125 (93.8%) showed a high specificity. Compared with other biomarkers, CEA (60.9%) was sensitive for stage I, II diseases and CA125 (75.0%) was sensitive for stage III, IV diseases. CEA and CA125 were associated with tumor metastasis and therapeutic response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEA and CA125 have the potential to be applied as biomarkers in Lewis negative patients with pancreatic cancer. CEA and CA125 should be routinely measured for all patients with pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China†Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China‡Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China§Department of Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guopei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Kaizhou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Renquan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Quanxing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen