title: Integrating Fenton's process and ion exchange for olive mill wastewater treatment and iron recovery.
abstract: A novel integrated methodology involving Fenton's process followed by ion exchange (IE) was proposed for the treatment of olive mill wastewater. Fenton's process was optimized and it was able to remove up to 81% of chemical oxygen demand when pH 3.5, reaction time 1 h, [Fe2+] = 50 mg L-1and [Fe2+]/[H2O2] = 0.002 were applied. In spite of the potential of this treatment approach, final iron removal from the liquid typically entails pH increase and iron sludge production. The integration of an IE procedure using Lewatit TP 207 resin was found to be able to overcome this important environmental shortcoming. The resin showed higher affinity toward Fe3+than to Fe2+. However, the iron removal efficiency of an effluent coming from Fenton's was independent of the type of the initial iron used in the process. The presence of organic matter had no significant effect over the resin iron removal efficiency. Even if some efficiency decrease was observed when a high initial iron load was applied, the adsorbent mass quantity can be easily adapted to reach the desired iron removal. The use of IE is an interesting industrial approach able to surpass Fenton's peroxidation drawback and will surely boost its full-scale application in the treatment of bio-refractory effluents.
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Processes and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Processes and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro J M
authors.initials: PJM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Processes and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Processes and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Licínio M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gando-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Processes and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Quinta-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D031658:Olea; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Fenton’s process; ion exchange; iron recovery; olive mill wastewaters; sludge free Fenton’s