title: Chemicals isolated from Justicia adhatoda Linn reduce fitness of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti L.
abstract: Extracts from Justicia adhatoda L. (Acanthaceae) strongly reduced the fitness of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linn. The methanolic extracts inhibited several enzymes responsible for protecting insects from oxidative and other damage, including glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome P450, and α- and β-esterases. They increased repellency (maximum repellency at 100 ppm) in host-seeking adult females using the "arm-in cage assay." Histopathological examination showed the extracts led to serious midgut cell damage. Justicia adhatoda extracts led to reduced fecundity and oviposition of gravid females compared to controls. The extracts led to substantially reduced A. aegypti survival. We infer that the extracts have potential to reduce pathogen transmission by suppressing population growth of A. aegypti, and possibly other mosquito species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Annamalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thanigaivel
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sengottayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senthil-Nathan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Prabhakaran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasantha-Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Edward-Sam
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Athirstam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponsankar
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Selvaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selin-Rani
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Venkatraman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pradeepa
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Muthiah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chellappandian
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kandaswamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalaivani
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Megeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D027902:Justicia / Q000737:chemistry*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: botanical insecticide; deterrent; enzyme inhibition; histology; metabolites; mosquito; oviposition