title: Fatty acid composition and anticancer activity in colon carcinoma cell lines of Prunus dulcis seed oil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Almond oil is used in traditional and complementary therapies for its numerous health benefits due to high unsaturated fatty acids content.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the composition and in vitro anticancer activity of almond oil from Northern Cyprus and compared with almond oil from Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Almond oil from Northern Cyprus was obtained by supercritical CO2extraction and analyzed by GC-MS. Almond oil of Turkey was provided from Turkish pharmacies. Different concentrations of almond oils were incubated for 24 and 48 h with Colo-320 and Colo-741 cells. Cell growth and cytotoxicity were measured by MTT assays. Anticancer and antiprolifetarive activities of almond oils were investigated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies directed against to BMP-2, β-catenin, Ki-67, LGR-5 and Jagged 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oleic acid (77.8%; 75.3%), linoleic acid (13.5%; 15.8%), palmitic acid (7.4%; 6.3%), were determined as the major compounds of almond oil from Northern Cyprus and Turkey, respectively. In the MTT assay, both almond oils were found to be active against Colo-320 and Colo-741 cells with 1:1 dilution for both 24 h and 48 h. As a result of immunohistochemical staining, while both almond oils exhibited significant antiproliferative and anticancer activity, these activities were more similar in Colo-320 cells which were treated with Northern Cyprus almond oil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almond oil from Northern Cyprus and Turkey may have anticancer and antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells through molecular signalling pathways and, thus, they could be potential novel therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Mersin , Turkey.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mericli
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Mersin , Turkey.
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becer
authors.affiliation: c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kabadayı
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Mersin , Turkey.
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanoglu
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Mersin , Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yigit Hanoglu
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Mersin , Turkey.
authors.forename: Dudu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozkum Yavuz
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskisehir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Temel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozek
authors.affiliation: c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey.|f Experimental Health Research Center of Health Sciences , Near East University , Mersin , Turkey.
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vatansever
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068181:Prunus dulcis; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; C068582:almond oil
keywords: Almond oil; colo-320 cell line; colo-741 cell line; oleic acid