title: Estimation of breeding values for uniformity of growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using pedigree relationships or single-step genomic evaluation.
abstract: In farmed Atlantic salmon, heritability for uniformity of body weight is low, indicating that the accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV) may be low. The use of genomic information could be one way to increase accuracy and, hence, obtain greater response to selection. Genomic information can be merged with pedigree information to construct a combined relationship matrix ([Formula: see text] matrix) for a single-step genomic evaluation (ssGBLUP), allowing realized relationships of the genotyped animals to be exploited, in addition to numerator pedigree relationships ([Formula: see text] matrix). We compared the predictive ability of EBV for uniformity of body weight in Atlantic salmon, when implementing either the [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] matrix in the genetic evaluation. We used double hierarchical generalized linear models (DHGLM) based either on a sire-dam (sire-dam DHGLM) or an animal model (animal DHGLM) for both body weight and its uniformity.
  
  
  
  With the animal DHGLM, the use of [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] significantly increased the correlation between the predicted EBV and adjusted phenotypes, which is a measure of predictive ability, for both body weight and its uniformity (41.1 to 78.1%). When log-transformed body weights were used to account for a scale effect, the use of [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] produced a small and non-significant increase (1.3 to 13.9%) in predictive ability. The sire-dam DHGLM had lower predictive ability for uniformity compared to the animal DHGLM.
  
  
  
  Use of the combined numerator and genomic relationship matrix ([Formula: see text]) significantly increased the predictive ability of EBV for uniformity when using the animal DHGLM for untransformed body weight. The increase was only minor when using log-transformed body weights, which may be due to the lower heritability of scaled uniformity, the lower genetic correlation of transformed body weight with its uniformity compared to the untransformed traits, and the small number of genotyped animals in the reference population. This study shows that ssGBLUP increases the accuracy of EBV for uniformity of body weight and is expected to increase response to selection in uniformity.
authors.affiliation: Nofima Ås, Osloveien 1, P.O. Box 210, 1431, Ås, Norway. panya.sae-lim@nofima.no.
authors.forename: Panya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sae-Lim
authors.affiliation: Biometrical Genetics, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kause
authors.affiliation: Nofima Ås, Osloveien 1, P.O. Box 210, 1431, Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lillehammer
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Han A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development