title: Striatal Glutamate and GABA after High Frequency Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinsonian Rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is recognized as an effective treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of STN HFS in intact and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rat model on changes of principal neurotransmitters, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the striatum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined extracellular glutamate and GABA change in the striatum on sham group, 6-OHDA group, and 6-OHDA plus deep brain stimulation (DBS) group using microdialysis methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to quantify glutamate and GABA. The results show that HFS-STN induces a significant increase of extracellular glutamate and GABA in the striatum of 6-OHDA plus DBS group compared with sham and 6-OHDA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, the clinical results of STN-HFS are not restricted to the direct STN targets but involve widespread adaptive changes within the basal ganglia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yeoido Saint Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Insop
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Sup
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Bum
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; GABA; Glutamate; Parkinson disease; Subthalamic nucleus