title: Beta-trace Protein as a new non-invasive immunological Marker for Quinolinic Acid-induced impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity.
abstract: Quinolinic acid, a macrophage/microglia-derived excitotoxin fulfills a plethora of functions such as neurotoxin, gliotoxin, and proinflammatory mediator, and it alters the integrity and cohesion of the blood-brain barrier in several pathophysiological states. Beta-trace protein (BTP), a monomeric glycoprotein, is known to indicate cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Thus, the prior aim of this study was to investigate whether BTP might non-invasively indicate quinolinic acid-induced impaired blood-brain barrier integrity. The research hypotheses were tested in three subsamples with different states of immune activation (patients with HCV-infection and interferon-α, patients with major depression, and healthy controls). BTP has also been described as a sensitive marker in detecting impaired renal function. Thus, the renal function has been considered. Our study results revealed highest quinolinic acid and highest BTP- levels in the subsample of patients with HCV in comparison with the other subsamples with lower or no immune activation (quinolinic acid: F = 21.027, p < 0.001 [ANOVA]; BTP: F = 6.792, p < 0.01 [ANOVA]). In addition, a two-step hierarchical linear regression model showed that significant predictors of BTP levels are quinolinic acid, glomerular filtration rate and age. The neurotoxin quinolinic acid may impair blood-brain barrier integrity. BTP might be a new non-invasive biomarker to indicate quinolinic acid-induced impaired blood-brain barrier integrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.|Institute for International Management Practice, ARU Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baranyi
authors.affiliation: Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Dirk von
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Lewinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Breitenecker
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stojakovic
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.|Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany.|Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruperto Carola University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: März
authors.affiliation: Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Graz, Austria.|Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Hans-Bernd
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rothenhäusler
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mangge
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meinitzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054834:Lipocalins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase; D017378:Quinolinic Acid