title: Different sensitivities of photosystem II in green algae and cyanobacteria to phenylurea and phenol-type herbicides: effect on electron donor side.
abstract: The effects of short-term treatment with phenylurea (DCMU, isoproturon) and phenol-type (ioxynil) herbicides on the green alga Chlorella kessleri and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis salina with different organizations of photosystem II (PSII) were investigated using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic oxygen evolution measured by polarographic oxygen electrodes (Clark-type and Joliot-type). The photosynthetic oxygen evolution showed stronger inhibition than the PSII photochemistry. The effects of the studied herbicides on both algal and cyanobacterial cells decreased in the following order: DCMU>isoproturon>ioxynil. Furthermore, we observed that the number of blocked PSII centers increased significantly after DCMU treatment (204-250 times) and slightly after ioxynil treatment (19-35 times) in comparison with the control cells. This study suggests that the herbicides affect not only the acceptor side but also the donor side of PSII by modifications of the Mn cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex. We propose that one of the reasons for the different PSII inhibitions caused by herbicides is their influence, in different extents, on the kinetic parameters of the oxygen-evolving reactions (the initial S0-S1 state distribution, the number of blocked centers SB, the turnover time of Si states, misses and double hits). The relationship between the herbicide-induced inhibition and the changes in the kinetic parameters is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Ekaterina K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Yotsova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stefanov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Anelia G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dobrikova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Tel: +359-2979-2621, Fax: +359-2971-2493.
authors.forename: Emilia L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Apostolova
mesh_terms: D002708:Chlorella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004237:Diuron / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007462:Iodobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D046939:Synechocystis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D009570:Nitriles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll; C028904:isoproturon; C008161:ioxynil; D004237:Diuron; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Chlorella kessleri; PAM chlorophyll fluorescence; Synechocystis salina; herbicides; photosynthetic oxygen evolution