title: Comparison of inflammatory cytokine release from nasal epithelial cells of non-atopic non-rhinitic, allergic rhinitic and polyp subjects and effects of diesel exhaust particles in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although studies have reported an association between air pollutants and increased allergic airway diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A limited number of studies have suggested that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) play a role in atopy and the pathogenesis of allergic upper airway diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DEP on inflammatory cytokine release, and mRNA expression of transcription factors such as JNK and NF-β in primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs), in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  NECs from non-atopic, non-rhinitic subjects (controls) and patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps were cultured and incubated with 0-100μg/ml DEP for 24h. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to assess the release of IL-8, GM-CSF, and RANTES, and mRNA expression for JNK and NF-κB, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control cells, NECs from subjects with atopic polyps released significantly greater amounts of IL-8 (median=887 vs. 176.6pg/μg cellular protein; p<0.0001) and RANTES (median=0.191 vs. 0.02pg/μg cellular protein; p<0.001). While 50μg/ml DEP induced release of RANTES in NECs from patients with allergic rhinitis, 100μg/ml DEP decreased IL-8 levels in NECs from both control and allergic rhinitic subjects. DEP did not affect mRNA expression for JNK and NF-κB from NECs of subjects with polyps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NECs from subjects with various pathologies may respond differently to DEP.
authors.affiliation: Koç University Hospital, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey; University of Gaziantep, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Gaziantep, Turkey. Electronic address: aysebilgeozturk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: University of Gaziantep, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bayraktar
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gogebakan
authors.affiliation: University of Gaziantep, School of Medicine, ENT Department, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mumbuc
authors.affiliation: Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey; University of Gaziantep, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000276:immunology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
keywords: Air pollutants; Allergic rhinitis; Diesel exhaust; Inflammation; Nasal polyp