title: Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 promotes the breast cancer growth and metastasis by regulating TGF-β signaling pathway.
abstract: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) CCAT2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we reported that long noncoding RNA CCAT2 (LncRNA CCAT2) could regulate TGF-β signaling pathway in breast cancer.
  
  
  
  The relative mRNA expression level of CCAT2 in adjacent non-cancerous and breast cancer tissues without or with metastasis were analyzed by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA expression levels of CCAT2 in breast cancer cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells were detected after infected with si-NC or si-CCAT2. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate in breast cancer cells after infected with si-NC or si-CCAT2. The relative protein expression level of TGF-β, Smad2 and α-SMA in breast cancer cells after infected with si-NC or si-CCAT2 were analyzed by Western blot.
  
  
  
  The relative mRNA expression level of CCAT2 in breast cancer tissues was significantly increased compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The expression level of CCAT2 in breast cancer without metastasis was decreased compared with breast cancer metastasis. Meanwhile, down-regulation of CCAT2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of CCAT2 caused breast cancer cells cycle arrested in G0/G1 phase and promoted cell apoptosis. Down-regulation of CCAT2 significantly down-regulated the protein expression levels of TGF-β, Smad2 and α-SMA in breast cancer cells.
  
  
  
  CCAT2 was highly expressed in breast cancer. Down-regulation of CCAT2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted cell apoptosis in breast cancer cells by regulating TGF-β signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Cancer Institute and Hospital and Cancer Center, Chongqing, China. donglinw@126.com.
authors.forename: Z-J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y-Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W-Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Nian
authors.forename: L-L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L-C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: D-L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C000609264:long non-coding RNA CCAT2, human