title: Chemical characterization, antioxidant, immune-regulating and anticancer activities of a novel bioactive polysaccharide from Chenopodium quinoa seeds.
abstract: Chenopodium quinoa, a promising nutraceutical cereal, has attracted increasing research interest, yet its polysaccharides remains to get few systematic studies. In this study, we employed orthogonal experimental design to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction process for highest yield of C. quinoa polysaccharides. A novel C. quinoa polysaccharide (CQP) fraction with high content and low molecular weight (8852Da) was subsequently purified by column chromatography, constituted by galacturonic acid and glucose monosaccharides. The purified CQP exhibited significantly antioxidant effect against DPPH+and ABTS+, with even higher efficiency than some other reported polysaccharides. Moreover, CQP could promote the RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, while suppress the nitri oxide production on inflammatory RAW264.7 macrophage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In view of the pathological correlation of free radical, inflammation and carcinogenesis, the anticancer effect of CQP was further investigated on human liver cancer SMMC 7721 and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, CQP displayed cytotoxicity against cancer cells, while none proliferation inhibition on normal cells. These results suggest that the bioactive polysaccharide from C. quinoa provided the promising potential as a natural antioxidant, immune-regulating and anticancer candidate for food and even drug application.
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy and bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
authors.forename: Yichen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy and bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
authors.forename: Chaomei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China. Electronic address: pengli@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy and bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China. Electronic address: prozhao1@126.com.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Biological macromolecule; Chenopodium quinoa seed; Polysaccharides