title: Can Listening to Music Decrease Pain, Anxiety, and Stress During a Urodynamic Study? A Randomized Prospective Trial Focusing on Gender Differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of listening to music on pain, anxiety, or stress during a urodynamic study (UDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 74 female and 74 male patients who underwent UDS between March 2013 and October 2013 were prospectively randomized. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to gender (female, n = 74 vs male, n = 74) and into 2 subgroups according to whether they listened to music or not. Music group subjects played their preferred music during UDS. Before and after UDS, all subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form and their degree of pain, anxiety, and satisfaction during examination were assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10). Basic vital signs were also checked before and after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the analysis of anxiety, pain, and stress scores, the mean shame, discomfort, and satisfaction scores (VAS) were significantly higher in female patients, whereas the mean score of willingness to retry the procedure was higher in male patients whether listening to music or not (P < .001). In the analysis of differences of STAI total, state anxiety, and trait anxiety, there were no statistical significances between the music group and the no-music group in either gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, music during UDS did not reduce anxiety, pain, and stress in either gender. In the analysis focusing on gender difference, female patients showed statistically higher levels of pain, anxiety, and stress scores than male patients whether listening to music or not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Gu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Du Geon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mamah@daum.net.
authors.forename: Mi Mi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010146:Pain; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014563:Urodynamics