title: Leisure participation-preference congruence of children with cerebral palsy: a Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment International Network descriptive study.
abstract: To examine participation-preference congruence, regional differences in participation-preference congruence, and predictors of whether children with cerebral palsy participate in preferred activities.
  
  
  
  The sample (n=236) included 148 males and 88 females aged 10 to 13 years, living in Victoria, Australia (n=110), Ontario (n=80), or Quebec (n=46), Canada. Ninety-nine (41.9%) were classed at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I; 89 (37.7%) at GMFCS level II/III; and 48 (20.3%) at GMFCS level IV/V. Participants completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activity of Children questionnaires. Regional comparisons were performed using one-way analyses of variance and factors influencing participation-preference congruence were explored using multiple linear regression.
  
  
  
  The proportion of children doing non-preferred activities in each activity type was generally low (2-17%), with only one regional difference. Higher proportions were not doing preferred active physical (range 23.2-29.1% across regions), skill-based (range 21.7-27.9% across regions), and social activities (range 12.8-14.5% across regions). GMFCS level was the most important predictor associated with not doing preferred activities.
  
  
  
  Children with cerebral palsy did not always participate in preferred active physical and skill-based activities. Understanding discrepancies between preferences and actual involvement may allow families and rehabilitation professionals to address participation barriers.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.|CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imms
authors.affiliation: CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majnemer
authors.affiliation: Avery Information Services Ltd, Orillia, Canada.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiarello
authors.affiliation: CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palisano
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Margo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orlin
authors.affiliation: CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Law
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001076:Aptitude; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires