title: Air pollution, UV irradiation and skin carcinogenesis: what we know, where we stand and what is likely to happen in the future?
abstract: The link between air pollution, UV irradiation and skin carcinogenesis has been demonstrated within a large number of epidemiological studies. Many have shown the detrimental effect that UV irradiation can have on human health as well as the long-term damage which can result from air pollution, the European ESCAPE project being a notable example. In total, at present around 2800 different chemical substances are systematically released into the air. This paper looks at the hazardous impact of air pollution and UV and discusses: 1) what we know; 2) where we stand; and 3) what is likely to happen in the future. Thereafter, we will argue that there is still insufficient evidence of how great direct air pollution and UV irradiation are as factors in the development of skin carcinogenesis. However, future prospects of progress are bright due to a number of encouraging diagnostic and preventive projects in progress at the moment.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zegarska
authors.affiliation: Chair of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland; Chair and Department of Rehabilitation, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pietkun
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Oncology Centre - Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zegarski
authors.affiliation: Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolibok
authors.affiliation: Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiśniewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roszek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Oncology Centre - Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowacki
keywords: UV irradiation; air pollution; skin carcinogenesis