title: Public health campaigns and their effect on stroke knowledge in a high-risk urban population: A five-year study.
abstract: Background The level of knowledge of stroke risk factors and stroke symptoms within a population may determine their ability to recognize and ultimately react to a stroke. Independent agencies have addressed this through extensive awareness campaigns. The aim of this study was to determine the change in baseline knowledge of stroke risk factors, symptoms, and source of stroke knowledge in a high-risk Toronto population between 2010 and 2015. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to adults presenting to cardiovascular clinics at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada. In 2010 and 2015, a total of 207 and 818 individuals, respectively, participated in the study. Participants were identified as stroke literate if they identified (1) at least one stroke risk factor and (2) at least one stroke symptom. Results A total of 198 (95.6%) and 791 (96.7%) participants, respectively, completed the questionnaire in 2010 and 2015. The most frequently identified risk factors for stroke in 2010 and 2015 were, respectively, smoking (58.1%) and hypertension (49.0%). The most common stroke symptom identified was trouble speaking (56.6%) in 2010 and weakness, numbness or paralysis (67.1%) in 2015. Approximately equal percentages of respondents were able to identify ≥1 risk factor (80.3% vs. 83.1%, p = 0.34) and ≥1 symptom (90.9% vs. 88.7%, p = 0.38). Overall, the proportion of respondents who were able to correctly list ≥1 stroke risk factors and stroke symptoms was similar in both groups.(76.8% vs. 75.5%, p = 0.70). The most commonly reported stroke information resource was television (61.1% vs. 67.6%, p = 0.09). Conclusion Stroke literacy has remained stable in this selected high-risk population despite large investments in public campaigns over recent years. However, the baseline remains high over the study period. Evaluation of previous campaigns and development of targeted advertisements using more commonly used media sources offer opportunities to enhance education.
authors.affiliation: 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Maged M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Metias
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: 3 University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: 4 Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wooster
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dueck
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wooster
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roche-Nagle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D032882:Comprehension; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D057220:Health Literacy; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D011639:Public Opinion; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Stroke; stroke awareness; stroke behaviours; stroke risk factors; stroke symptoms