title: Lipids in maternal diet influence yolk hormone levels and post-hatch neophobia in the domestic chick.
abstract: We assessed whether the ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during egg formation engenders transgenerational maternal effects in domestic chicks. We analyzed yolk lipid and hormone concentrations, and HPA-axis activity in hens fed a control diet (high n-6/n-3 ratio) or a diet enriched in n-3 PUFAs (low n-6/n-3 ratio) for 6 consecutive weeks. Their chicks were tested for neophobia during the first week of life. We found higher corticosterone metabolites in droppings of hens fed the diet enriched in n-3 and significantly higher concentrations of yolk progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol in their eggs compared to controls. Chicks of hens fed the n-3 enriched diet showed a lower body mass at hatch than controls and expressed higher neophobia when exposed to a novel object. These results add support to the hypothesis that the nutritional state of female birds produces variation in yolk hormone levels and engender maternal effects.
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.|CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Elske N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: de Haas
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.|CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calandreau
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, Unité de Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baéza
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, Unité de Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chartrin
authors.affiliation: Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palme
authors.affiliation: Neuroéthologie Cognitive des Céphalopodes (NECC) Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie UMR 6552 CNRS - Université Rennes1 F-14032, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Darmaillacq
authors.affiliation: Neuroéthologie Cognitive des Céphalopodes (NECC) Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie UMR 6552 CNRS - Université Rennes1 F-14032, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dickel
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 6552, Ethos, Université de Rennes1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumineau
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 6552, Ethos, Université de Rennes1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Cécilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Houdelier
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité de Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction (NBO, INRA-U1197), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.|CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.|CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Maryse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meurisse
authors.affiliation: INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.|CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.|Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5647-1758
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertin
mesh_terms: D000735:Androstenedione / Q000378:metabolism*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005260:Female; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D000735:Androstenedione; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords:  maternal effects; Gallus gallus domesticus; neophobia; poly unsaturated fatty acids; yolk hormones