title: An update on emerging therapies for urinary tract infections.
abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common healthcare-acquired infections, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Worldwide use of antibiotics has led to a significant rise in resistant uropathogens emanating from both hospitals and communities. The huge concern of multidrug resistance (MDR) has led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to encourage drug companies to invest in the development of new antibiotics. Area covered: In this review we summarized data on already approved antibiotics, and selected emerging therapies that are currently in phase II and III trials with emphasis on complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). We performed our search using PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and Pharmaprojects. Expert opinion: Efficacious antimicrobials are needed to overcome MDR organisms. There are several dugs in initial and later stages of development, but most of them lack full spectrum of activity against some Gram-negative organisms, particularly against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of UTI and genetic engineering of pathogens can provide new drugs to combat resistance in the future.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Infectious Disease , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA.
authors.forename: Aneela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Faculty, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Practice , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sumaiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alarfaj
authors.affiliation: c Department of Infectious Diseases , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX.
authors.forename: Rabih
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Darouiche
authors.affiliation: d Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA.
authors.forename: Mayar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohajer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015195:Drug Design; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Urinary tract infection; antibiotics; multidrug resistant organisms; therapy