title: Crystalline Engineering Toward Large-Scale High-Efficiency Printable Cu(In,Ga)Se2Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Substrate by Femtosecond Laser Annealing Process.
abstract: Ink-printing method emerges as a viable way for manufacturing large-scale flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) devices owing to its potential for the rapid process, mass production, and low-cost nonvacuum device fabrication. Here, we brought the femtosecond laser annealing (fs-LA) process into the ink-printing CIGS thin film preparation. The effects of fs-LA treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the ink-printing CIGS thin films were systematically investigated. It was observed that, while the film surface morphology remained essentially unchanged under superheating, the quality of crystallinity was significantly enhanced after the fs-LA treatment. Moreover, a better stoichiometric composition was achieved with an optimized laser scanning rate of the laser beam, presumably due to the much reduced indium segregation phenomena, which is believed to be beneficial in decreasing the defect states of InSe, VSe, and InCu. Consequently, the shunt leakage current and recombination centers were both greatly decreased, resulting in a near 20% enhancement in photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
authors.forename: Shih-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Nian-Zu
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Kaung-Hsiung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Ze
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Compound Semiconductor Solar Cell Department, Next Generation Solar Cell Division, Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wei-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jia-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan-Ze University , Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Fang-I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jenh-Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Juang
authors.forename: Chih Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Compound Semiconductor Solar Cell Department, Next Generation Solar Cell Division, Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Lung-Teng
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Compound Semiconductor Solar Cell Department, Next Generation Solar Cell Division, Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tung-Po
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hao-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC.|School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology , Lanzhou City 730050, Gansu Province, P. R. China.|Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.|Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Lun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-9987
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chueh
keywords: Cu(In,Ga)Se2; flexible; ink-printing; laser annealing; solar cell