title: Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ganoderma lucidum Extract Effects on Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment.
abstract: Among the most important traditional medicinal fungi,Ganoderma lucidumhas been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer, in Oriental countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-metastatic activities ofGanoderma lucidumextracts in melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer cells.Ganoderma lucidumextracts were prepared by using common organic solvents; MDA-MB 231 and B16-F10 cell lines were adopted as cellular models for triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma and characterized for cell viability, wound-healing assay and measurement of cytokines secreted by cancer cells under pro-inflammatory conditions (incubation with lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and pretreatment withGanoderma lucidumextract at different concentrations. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, howGanoderma lucidumextracts can significantly inhibit the release of IL-8, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cancer cells under pro-inflammatory condition. Interestingly,Ganoderma lucidumextracts significantly also decrease the viability of both cancer cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with abilities to reduce cell migration over time, which is correlated with a lower release of matrix metalloproteases. Taken together, these results indicate the possible use ofGanoderma lucidumextract for the therapeutic management of melanoma and human triple-negative breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Animal Facility Unit, Department of Research, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. a.barbieri@istitutotumori.na.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. quagliariello.enzo@gmail.com.|ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore 6, 80138 Naples, Italy. quagliariello.enzo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quagliariello
authors.affiliation: Animal Facility Unit, Department of Research, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. vitale_84@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Vitale
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio
authors.affiliation: Animal Facility Unit, Department of Research, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. michelafalco_89@libero.it.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.affiliation: Animal Facility Unit, Department of Research, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. a.luciano@istitutotumori.na.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.affiliation: Clinical, Experimental and Medical Sciences, Chair of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy. amruthjon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nagoth Joseph
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Amruthraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. guglielmo.nasti@libero.it.|ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore 6, 80138 Naples, Italy. guglielmo.nasti@libero.it.
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nasti
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. ale.otto@libero.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ottaiano
authors.affiliation: ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore 6, 80138 Naples, Italy. mberretta@cro.it.|Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy. mberretta@cro.it.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. rv.iaffaioli@gmail.com.|ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore 6, 80138 Naples, Italy. rv.iaffaioli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosario Vincenzo
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Iaffaioli
authors.affiliation: Animal Facility Unit, Department of Research, National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy. c.arra@istitutotumori.na.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; breast cancer; cell viability; curcumin; cytokines; inflammation; melanoma