title: Evaluation of the Role of Music as a Nonpharmacological Technique in Management of Child Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Behavior management and reducing anxiety and pain are very important for success of treatment. Hence, apart from pharmacological management, such as conscious sedation, nonpharmacological interventions like music play a significant role. This study aims to evaluate the effects of music in reducing anxiety, pain, and behavior management.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the Department of Pedodontics in 2015. It consisted of 60 patients, age ranging from 3 to 7 years, who required dental treatment with local anesthesia. They were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group I consisted of upbeat music distraction group. Group II consisted of relaxing music distraction group. Group III consisted of control group. We scheduled the treatment in two visits. We used Venham picture test, North Carolina behavior rating scale, and visual analog scale test for the study. Baseline heart rate was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found among the three groups based on three scales used in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of child patient in dental clinic is a challenge for clinician. Apart from various pharmacological techniques, management of pediatric patients using audio music distraction has been introduced. However, music did not produce a reduction in pain, anxiety, or disruptive behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various pharmacological techniques are present for the management of pediatric patients. Apart from it, there is need of introducing nonpharmacological techniques to reduce pain, anxiety, and to alter behavior of child. By this study, we have tried to evaluate the usefulness of music in child management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dasmesh Institute of Research & Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India, Phone: +919988096717 e-mail: prahlad.4u.24x7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Prahlad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: New Dental Clinic, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement
keywords: Anxiety; Behavior management; Pain Pharmacological.