title: Eurycoma Longifolia as a potential adoptogen of male sexual health: a systematic review on clinical studies.
abstract: Eurycoma longifolia (EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore the promising role of EL in managing various male sexual disorders, which include erectile dysfunction, male infertility, low libido, and downregulated testosterone levels. The aim of the present review is to analyze and summarize the literature on human clinical trials which revealed the clinical significance and therapeutic feasibility of EL in improving male sexual health. This systematic review is focused on the following databases: Medline, Wiley Online Library, BioMed Central, Hindawi, Web of Knowledge, PubMed Central and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "Eurycoma longifolia", "EL", "Tongkat Ali", "male sexual health", "sexual infertility", "erectile dysfunction", "male libido", and "testosterone levels". Notably, only human clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 were selected and thoroughly reviewed for relevant citations. Out of 150 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles included were randomized placebo-controlled trials, multiple cohort studies, or pilot trials. All these studies demonstrated considerable effects of EL on male sexual health disorders. Among them, 7 studies revealed remarkable association between the use of EL and the efficacy in the treatment of male sexual disorders, and remaining 4 studies failed to demonstrate sufficient effects on male sexual health. In summary, there is convincing evidence for the prominence of EL in improving the male sexual health. The review also substantiates the use of current methodology in the development of novel and more rationale natural herbal medicines for the management of male sexual disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hnin Ei
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Thu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Isa Naina
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Putri Ayu
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jayusman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Malaysia. Electronic address: anazrun@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad Nazrun
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shuid
mesh_terms: D052636:Allostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D035701:Eurycoma; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Erectile dysfunction; Eurycoma Longifolia; Male infertility; Male sexual disorders; Sexual libido; Testosterone