title: At risk of being risky: The relationship between "brain age" under emotional states and risk preference.
abstract: Developmental differences regarding decision making are often reported in the absence of emotional stimuli and without context, failing to explain why some individuals are more likely to have a greater inclination toward risk. The current study (N=212; 10-25y) examined the influence of emotional context on underlying functional brain connectivity over development and its impact on risk preference. Using functional imaging data in a neutral brain-state we first identify the "brain age" of a given individual then validate it with an independent measure of cortical thickness. We then show, on average, that "brain age" across the group during the teen years has the propensity to look younger in emotional contexts. Further, we show this phenotype (i.e. a younger brain age in emotional contexts) relates to a group mean difference in risk perception - a pattern exemplified greatest in young-adults (ages 18-21). The results are suggestive of a specified functional brain phenotype that relates to being at "risk to be risky."
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miranda-Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Alexandra O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Kaitlyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Breiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bonnie
authors.affiliation: Columbia Law School, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Law, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taylor-Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Karla C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Fettich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven CT, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richeson
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Danielle V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Dellarco
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galván
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven CT, United States.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. Electronic address: faird@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Damien A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fair
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain age; Emotional state; Multivariate; Prediction; Pseudo-resting state fMRI; Risky behavior