title: Lesions of the posterior limb of the internal capsule in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
abstract: Posterior limb of the internal capsule lesions (PLICL) are one of the MRI features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, there is no evidence that such lesions are pathogenically related to NMOSD. We retrospectively analyzed features of PLICL in NMOSD, and other central nervous system inflammatory disorders, in 561 patients. We also examined the pathological samples of six patients. Of the 561 patients investigated, PLICL were found in 65 patients (11.6%). Lesions were bilateral in 26 cases (40%) and unilateral in 39 cases (60%). Unilateral lesions were mainly located on the left side (74.3%, 29/39). Of the 65 patients with PLICL, 46 patients had NMOSD (70.8%) and were positive for anti-aquaporin (AQP4-IgG), four had NMOSD (6.2%) and were AQP4-IgG negative, 10 patients had multiple sclerosis (MS), three patients had NMDAR encephalitis, and two had autoimmune meningoencephalitis. Of the six patients whose pathological samples were evaluated, all had PLICL and were negative for AQP4-IgG, and none had pathological NMOSD lesion features. These cases included three patients with multiple sclerosis, one with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, and two with autoimmune meningoencephalitis. In conclusion, PLICL are found not only in patients with NMOSD, but also in MS and other disorders.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.|b Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China , Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Youming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.|b Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China , Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Linzhan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.|b Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China , Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.|b Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China , Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Junyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.|b Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China , Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: d Department of Emergency , The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University , GuangZhou , China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: e Department of Neurology , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: e Department of Neurology , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: f Department of Neurology , Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhanhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: f Department of Neurology , Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C496030:AQP4 protein, human; D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051401:Aquaporin 4; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
keywords: Aquaporin-4; internal capsule; magnetic resonance imaging; multiple sclerosis; neuromyelitis optica