title: Effects of Excess Dietary Fluoride on Serum Biochemical Indices, Egg Quality, and Concentrations of Fluoride in Soft Organs, Eggs, and Serum of Laying Hens.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of excess dietary fluoride (F) on serum biochemical indices, egg quality, and concentrations of F in soft tissues, eggs, and serum of laying hens. Commercial laying hens (n = 576, 51 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 16 birds. The basal diets contained fluorine inclusions at a level of 16 mg/kg, and graded sodium fluoride was added to the basal diet to achieve fluorine inclusions, respectively, at a level of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg in the experimental diets. Dietary F levels at 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg decreased (P < 0.05) albumin height and yolk color, while eggshell strength and eggshell thickness significantly decreased at 800 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively, compared with the control group. Fluoride concentrations in eggshell, albumin, yolk, liver, kidney, ovary, and oviduct responded to dietary F levels positively, and F concentrations in eggshell were the highest. Fluorine concentrations in albumin and yolk increased with the feeding time at the same dietary F levels (P < 0.05). Dietary F level at 400 mg/kg increased serum calcium level and activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary F levels at 600 mg/kg decreased albumin height and yolk color, while eggshell strength and eggshell thickness significantly decreased at 800 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. F concentrations in soft tissues, albumin, yolk, and eggshell of layers had a positive correlation with dietary F levels. By disturbing Ca and phosphorus metabolism, dietary F levels affected the formation of eggshell, reducing eggshell strength and eggshell thickness.
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lanlan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Mingxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Minyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. xtzou@zju.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China. xtzou@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens; D000074341:Dietary Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000187:drug effects; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005461:Fluorine / Q000032:analysis; D063427:Food Quality; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D005461:Fluorine; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Egg quality; Fluoride; Laying hen; Retention; Serum biochemical indices