title: Sleeve gastrectomy drives persistent shifts in the gut microbiome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in the gut microbiome following bariatric surgery have been causally linked to metabolic benefits.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize and assess the stability of gut microbiome shifts following sleeve gastrectomy (SG).
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diet-induced obese mice were randomized to SG or sham surgery. Mice were housed individually or cohoused such that one SG mouse was housed with one weight-matched, sham-operated mouse. Fecal samples were collected before and on postoperative days 7 and 28. Bacterial composition in feces was characterized by using next-generation Illumina sequencing of 16 S rRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SG mice lost more weight and were more insulin sensitive than sham mice independent of housing status (P<.05). One week following surgery, fecal samples from all mice showed shifts in the microbiome that only persisted in SG-operated mice. Cohousing did not alter the microbial composition of SG-operated mice. Cohoused sham-operated mice showed a unique shift in microbial composition on postoperative day 28 that differed from individually housed, sham-operated mice (P<.001). Cohousing did not affect metabolic outcomes of either SG or sham surgeries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SG results in acute and sustained shifts in the gut microbiome. SG associated shifts are not altered by reexposure to obesity-associated gut microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jahansouz
authors.affiliation: BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bernlohr
authors.affiliation: BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sadowsky
authors.affiliation: BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoruts
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electronic address: Ikram001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Sayeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikramuddin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011897:Random Allocation; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Microbiome; Obesity