title: Unveil the mysterious mask of cytokine-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
abstract: Melanoma is the leading cause of death among all skin cancers and its incidence continues to rise rapidly worldwide in the past decades. The available treatment options for melanoma remain limited despite extensive clinical research. Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor and great advances in immunology in recent decades allow for the development of immunotherapeutic agents against melanoma. In recent years, immunotherapy utilizing cytokines has been particularly successful in certain cancers and holds promise for patients with advanced melanoma. In this review, an overview of the current status and emerging perspectives on cytokine immunotherapy for melanoma are discussed in details. Such a study will be helpful to unveil the mysterious mask of cytokine-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.
authors.forename: Dixon H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Ziwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Huaping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nicholl
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.
authors.forename: Vivi A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. Electronic address: yujiang.fang@dmu.edu.
authors.forename: Yujiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokine; Immunotherapy; Melanoma