title: Reactive Retinal Astrocytic Tumor (Focal Nodular Gliosis): A Case Report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical and histopathological findings of a reactive retinal astrocytic tumor (RRAT) that progressed to massive retinal gliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient presented with an elevated, white-yellow retinal mass and extensive retinal exudation in the left eye. Progressive enlargement of the mass and proliferative vitreoretinopathy eventually led to phthisis bulbi and enucleation. Histologically, the mass showed a predominant astrocytic component with intense glial fibrillary acidic protein staining, hyperplasia, fibrous metaplasia, and osseous metaplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium. The Ki-67 proliferative index was <5%, and few scattered vascular channels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that this tumor is the result of a reactive glial process rather than of neoplastic vascular proliferation. Massive retinal gliosis probably represents the advanced stage of RRAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BT 428 Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BT 428 Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Ga., USA; L.F. Montgomery Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, BT 428 Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Ga., USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: Pia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BT 428 Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BT 428 Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Ga., USA; L.F. Montgomery Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, BT 428 Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Ga., USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
keywords: Focal nodular gliosis; Massive retinal gliosis; Proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Reactive retinal astrocytic tumor; Vasoproliferative tumor