title: Automated segmentation and classification of cell nuclei in immunohistochemical breast cancer images with estrogen receptor marker.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. In recent years, there has been an increasing use of immunohistochemistry (the process of detecting the expression of certain proteins in cytological images) to obtain useful information for diagnosis. This paper presents an efficient algorithm that automatically detects breast cancer cell nuclei and divides them into two groups: those that express the ER marker and those that do not. First, the areas that belong to the carcinoma are automatically identified. Then, the algorithm evaluates features such as size and shape to correctly segment the nuclei in these fields. Finally, the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is used to classify the detected nuclei. The method proposed was evaluated with a set of 10 images which contained 4093 cell nuclei. The algorithm correctly identified 93.1% of the nuclei, and sensitivity and specificity of the classification were 95.7% and 93.2% respectively.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oscanoa
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doimi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Jhahaira
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castaneda
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen