title: Markers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidation among office workers exposed to air pollutants including (nano)TiO2 particles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experimental studies using nanoscale TiO2 have documented lung injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Human health data are extremely scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  In exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine of 22 office employees occupationally exposed to TiO2 during their visit in the production workshops for average 14±9 min/day a panel of biomarkers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidation was studied, specifically 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU), o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr). Examination was performed also in 14 comparable controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median respirable TiO2 mass concentration in the workshops was 0.40 mg/m3, median number concentration was 2.32×104 particles/cm3 with 80% of the particles being <100 nm in diameter. All 6 markers of oxidation were elevated in EBC in factory office employees relative to controls (p<0.01). Significant association was found between their job in TiO2 production plant and 5 markers of oxidation (except 3-NOTyr) in the EBC in multivariate analysis. No elevation of markers was detected in the urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study suggests that even short nanoTiO2 exposure may lead to pulmonary oxidative stress; however this effect may be short-term and reversible. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear and more studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pelclova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zdimal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kacer
authors.affiliation: Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Stepanka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vlckova
authors.affiliation: Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fenclova
authors.affiliation: J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Navratil
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Prague, Czech Republic.|Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komarc
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Nadezda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zikova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Otakar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Makes
authors.affiliation: Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zakharov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D014025:Titanium