title: Intracerebroventricular administration of the (1→6)-β-d-glucan (lasiodiplodan) in male rats prevents d-penicillamine-induced behavioral alterations and lipoperoxidation in the cortex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lasiodiplodan, an exocellular (1→6)-β-d-glucan of molecular weight >1.4 × 106Da produced by MMPI strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (Brotyosphaeriaceae) is known to exhibit anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7), anticoagulant activity when sulfonylated, and reduction in transaminase activity when administered in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V) injection of lasiodiplodan on neurotoxicity and behavioural changes induced by d-penicillamine was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Wistar rats were initially separated in groups of six and treated with 0.15 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and d-Pen) and 0.01 μg/μL of lasiodiplodan (Groups Las and Las + d-Pen). After 15 min, they received 6 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and Las) and 2 μmol/μL of d-penicillamine (Groups d-Pen and Las + d-Pen). The animal behavior was observed in an open-field test for 60 min. Twenty-four h later, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production measurements were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lasiodiplodan prevented neurotoxicity induced by d-penicillamine significantly reducing the production of TBARS (308%; p < 0.05), and behavioural signs; convulsive and pre-convulsive. No histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction of TBARS production and convulsive episodes suggests that the protector effect provided by lasiodiplodan passes thought an antioxidant path, possibly interfering in a cascade of neurochemical events, triggering cell death and convulsive episodes. These results demonstrated that lasiodiplodan can be effective in treating neurotoxicity, and reducing damage triggered by convulsions in neuropathies related to GABAergic system.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program , Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG , Guarapuava , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Ricardo Maneck
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Malfatti
authors.affiliation: b Teaching of Science and Technology Postgraduate Program , Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Ponta Grossa , Ponta Grossa , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio Seidel
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program , Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG , Guarapuava , Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wouk
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program , Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG , Guarapuava , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program , Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG , Guarapuava , Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan Garcia
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program , Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG , Guarapuava , Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Snak
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program , Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG , Guarapuava , Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Czervinski
authors.affiliation: c Department of Chemistry , Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Pato branco , Pato Branco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário A Alves
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: d Department of Chemistry , Londrina State University , Londrina , Brazil.
authors.forename: Aneli M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: e Environmental Engineering Postgraduate Program , Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Londrina , Londrina , Brazil.
authors.forename: Robert F H
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C417552:lasiodiplodin; D015025:Zearalenone; D010396:Penicillamine
keywords: Convulsions; GABAergic system; free radicals; neurotoxicity