title: [Dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: an update on new neuroimaging methods and treatment possibilities].
abstract: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) represents a severe adverse effect of long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. Neuroimaging studies have contributed to our understanding of LID and may help to identify patients at risk of developing LID. Amantadine can be used for the treatment of LID, and novel drugs are under development. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus alleviates LID, the former indirectly by reducing levodopa intake, the latter through direct effects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to transiently improve LID.
authors.affiliation: annemette.loekkegaard@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Birgitte Liang Chen
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Damian Marc
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.forename: Hartwig Roman
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Siebner
authors.forename: Annemette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Løkkegaard
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D000547:Amantadine