title: Targeting Hispanic adolescents with outdoor food & beverage advertising around schools.
abstract: Although some research has focused on the food environment and food marketing, little has examined outdoor food and beverage (FB) advertising, particularly its relationship to the Hispanic composition in schools. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the prevalence of outdoor FB advertising was greater around middle and high schools with a majority Hispanic population as compared to schools with a lower Hispanic population.
  
  
  
  All FB advertisements located within a half-mile of 47 schools in Central Texas were documented. Advertisements were coded as free standing or on establishments. Advertisements were coded for theme including price (emphasizing price) and deals/value meals (promoting discounted price/meal deals). These two themes were combined to create an overall price promotion variable. In order to determine if the prevalence of FB advertising varied by the Hispanic composition of the students in the school, data from the Texas Education Agency was used to create a variable which dichotomized the schools into two groups: schools that reported ≥60% Hispanic students or 'Hispanic schools' (n = 21) and schools that reported <60% Hispanic students or 'non-Hispanic schools' (n = 26). Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine if the prevalence of outdoor FB advertising was greater around Hispanic schools as compared to non-Hispanic schools.
  
  
  
  Hispanic schools had more overall outdoor FB advertisements as compared to non-Hispanic schools (p = 0.02). Similarly, we found significantly more outdoor FB establishment (p = 0.02) and price promotion (p = 0.05) around Hispanic schools as compared to non-Hispanic schools. Differences in freestanding advertisements by school type approached significance (p = 0.07) with Hispanic schools having more freestanding FB advertisements on average.
  
  
  
  Further research is needed that documents the content of these advertisements and determines the extent to which these advertisements affect Hispanic and other racial/ethnic minority youth's attitudes and behaviors toward the consumption of these products.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , The University of Texas , Austin , USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , The University of Texas , Austin , USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Pasch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising / Q000379:methods*; D001628:Beverages; D003132:Commerce; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013781:Texas
keywords: Hispanic; disparities; food and beverage; marketing; outdoor advertising; schools