title: A pioneering study on cytotoxicity in Australian parakeets (Melopsittacus undulates) exposed to tannery effluent.
abstract: Waste effluent from the tannery industry is a major source of environmental pollution. Considering that the bird intake of water contaminated with tannery effluent constitutes a potential genotoxic source, especially for birds inhabiting areas closest to tanning industries, the aim of this study is to assess the possible mutagenic effects that the intake may have on Melopsittacus undulatus (Australian parakeet). In order to do so, adult male and female M. undulatus were distributed in two experimental groups: control (drinking water) and TE (5%). After 60 days of exposure, the micronucleus test, as well as tests looking for other nuclear abnormalities in the peripheral blood of the birds were performed. The male and female birds exposed to the pollutant have presented the highest total number of nuclear abnormalities, as well as increased individual abnormalities such as nuclei with symmetrical constricted bi-lobed/bi-nucleated erythrocytes, indented nuclei and micro-lobed nuclei (top)/micro-nuclei (bottom). In addition, the exposure to TE has caused a nuclear variant increase rarely reported in the literature concerning poultry erythrocyte nuclei. The birds exposed to the pollutant have presented the highest frequency of displaced nuclei forming different rotation/displacement angles within the cells. Therefore, the current study confirmed the toxicological potential of TE and was pioneer in showing that male and female M. undulatus exposed to pollutant present the highest frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities, thus corroborating the initial hypothesis herein presented.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joyce Moreira
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus Flores
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Montalvão
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estatística Experimental, Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Rodrigo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Sueli
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Lima Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: guilhermeifgoiano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malafaia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D046408:Melopsittacus / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D013633:Tanning; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D009153:Mutagens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Agroindustrial wastes; Birds; Genotoxicity; Tannery industry