title: Micro transflection on a metallic stick: an innovative approach of reflection infrared spectroscopy for minimally invasive investigation of painting varnishes.
abstract: A new analytical approach, based on micro-transflection measurements from a diamond-coated metal sampling stick, is presented for the analysis of painting varnishes. Minimally invasive sampling is performed from the varnished surface using the stick, which is directly used as a transflection substrate for micro Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. With use of a series of varnished model paints, the micro-transflection method has been proved to be a valuable tool for the identification of surface components thanks to the selectivity of the sampling, the enhancement of the absorbance signal, and the easier spectral interpretation because the profiles are similar to transmission mode ones. Driven by these positive outcomes, the method was then tested as tool supporting noninvasive reflection FTIR spectroscopy during the assessment of varnish removal by solvent cleaning on paint models. Finally, the integrated analytical approach based on the two reflection methods was successfully applied for the monitoring of the cleaning of the sixteenth century painting Presentation in the Temple by Vittore Carpaccio. Graphical Abstract Micro-transflection FTIR on a metallic stick for the identification of varnishes during painting cleanings.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (CNR-ISTM), Via Elce di sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy. francesca.rosi@cnr.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosi
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, Poljanska cesta 40, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Legan
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (CNR-ISTM), Via Elce di sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Costanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miliani
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, Poljanska cesta 40, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA.
authors.forename: Polonca
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ropret
keywords: Artworks; Cleaning; Micro fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Reflection spectroscopy; Varnishes