title: The relationship of single-strand breaks in DNA to breast cancer risk and to tissue concentrations of oestrogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical study of breast cancer patients in Chicago, IL, USA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Ascertain the utility of measurements of single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA for assessment of breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fine-needle aspirates of the breast, SSB by nick translation, percent breast density (PBD), Gail model risk, cumulative methylation index (CMI), enzymes of DNA repair and tissue antioxidants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA repair enzymes and 4-hydroxyestradiol were negatively associated with SSB; CMI and PBD were positively associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative measurement of SSBs by this procedure indicates the relative number of SSBs and is related to promoter methylation, antioxidant availability and percent breast density.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Mathavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahadevan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Oukseub
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: b Analytical Chemistry Division , IIT Research Institute , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muzzio
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: c Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Breast Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: c Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Breast Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Nagi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khouri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: c Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Breast Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Vered
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stearns
authors.affiliation: d Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Physiology, and Pathology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.|e Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chatterton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000071060:Breast Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000032:analysis; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002393:Estrogens, Catechol / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D002393:Estrogens, Catechol; C014036:4-hydroxyestradiol; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes
keywords: Breast cancer; DNA methylation; breast cancer risk; single-strand breaks in DNA; tissue oestrogens