title: Using Morpholinos to Control Gene Expression.
abstract: Morpholino oligonucleotides are stable, uncharged, water-soluble molecules used to block complementary sequences of RNA, preventing processing, read-through, or protein binding at those sites. Morpholinos are typically used to block translation of mRNA and to block splicing of pre-mRNA, though they can block other interactions between biological macromolecules and RNA. Morpholinos are effective, specific, and lack non-antisense effects. They work in any cell that transcribes and translates RNA, but must be delivered into the nuclear/cytosolic compartment to be effective. Morpholinos form stable base pairs with complementary nucleic acid sequences but apparently do not bind to proteins to a significant extent. They are not recognized by any proteins and do not undergo protein-mediated catalysis-nor do they mediate RNA cleavage by RNase H or the RISC complex. This work focuses on techniques and background for using Morpholinos. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Gene Tools, LLC, Philomath, Oregon.
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moulton
mesh_terms: D003600:Cytosol; D018274:Electroporation; D004705:Endocytosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008845:Microinjections; D060172:Morpholinos / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C511217:Endo-Porter; D060172:Morpholinos; D010455:Peptides; D012313:RNA
keywords: Morpholino; antisense; knockdown; oligo; splicing