title: A Brazilian Portuguese cross-cultural adaptation of the modified JOA scale for myelopathy.
abstract: To develop a version of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale that had been translated into Portuguese and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population.
  The well-established process of forward-backward translation was employed along with cross-cultural adaptation.
  Three bilingual translators (English and native Portuguese) performed the forward translation of the mJOA scale from English to Portuguese based on iterative discussions used to reach a consensus translation. The translated version of the mJOA scale was then back-translated into English by a native English-speaking translator unaware of the concepts involved with the mJOA scale. The original mJOA scale and the back-translated version were compared by a native North American neurosurgeon, and as they were considered equivalent, the final version of the mJOA scale that had been translated into Portuguese and cross-culturally adapted was defined.
  To facilitate global and cross-cultural comparisons of the severity of cervical myelopathy, this study presents a version of the mJOA scale that was translated into Portuguese and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population.
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pratali
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Health System, Department of Neurosurgery Charlottesville, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Justin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo L N
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Fernando P S
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Herrero
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations