title: New LC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Allura Red Level in Takeaway Chinese Dishes and Urine of an Adult Chinese Population.
abstract: Allura red is a widely used synthetic food dye. In this study, we developed and validated a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of allura red in three popular takeaway Chinese dishes (braised pork, soy sauce chicken, sweet and sour pork) and human urine samples. High levels of allura red ranging from 2.85 to 8.38 mg/g wet weight were detected in the surveyed Chinese dishes. Of 113 participants who frequently consume the surveyed Chinese dishes (>once a week in the past 2 years), the median of their urinary allura red level was 22.29 nM/mM creatinine (95% CI = 19.48-25.03) . Risk assessment using Cox proportional hazard models showed that a 10-fold increase in urinary allura red was positively associated with high blood pressure (odds ratio of 1.75 (95% CI = 0.78-3.96)). Our findings provide new insights for the potential risk of hypertension for long-term allura red overconsumption.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, California 92103, United States.
authors.forename: Kefeng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4347
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Yuhuangding Hospital , Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Guolin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Tianjin SunnyPeak Biotech Company Ltd. Tianjin 300075, China.
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Venkataramana R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Pidatala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; C005915:Allura Red AC Dye
keywords: Chinese dishes; LC-MS/MS; allura red; high blood pressure; long-term exposure; urine