title: What Is New in the miRNA World Regarding Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma?
abstract: Despite the availability of multimodal and aggressive therapies, currently patients with skeletal sarcomas, including osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, often have a poor prognosis. In recent decades, advances in sequencing technology have revealed the presence of RNAs without coding potential known as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which provides evidence that protein-coding genes account for only a small percentage of the entire genome. This has suggested the influence of ncRNAs during development, apoptosis and cell proliferation. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 underscored the importance of these molecules in pathological diseases such as cancer. Increasing interest in this field has allowed researchers to study the role of miRNAs in cancer progression. Regarding skeletal sarcomas, the research surrounding which miRNAs are involved in the tumourigenesis of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma has rapidly gained traction, including the identification of which miRNAs act as tumour suppressors and which act as oncogenes. In this review, we will summarize what is new regarding the roles of miRNAs in chondrosarcoma as well as the latest discoveries of identified miRNAs in osteosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy. gaia.palmini@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palmini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy. francesca.marini@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy. marialuisa.brandi@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brandi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009857:Oncogenes; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: chondrosarcoma; miRNAs; oncogene; osteosarcoma; tumour suppressor