title: The association between condylar bone changes revealed in cone beam computed tomography and clinical dysfunction index in patients with or without temporomandibular joint disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings pertinent to patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and patients without TMD (non-TMD), as well as to investigate the correlation between these findings and the clinical dysfunction index (Di).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were evaluated for condylar bone changes in 84 patients with TMD. The patients were assigned a score using Helkimo's clinical Di, ranging from 1 to 25, and were thereafter subdivided into 3 groups based on the degree of Helkimo's Di. CBCT and clinical records of sex- and age-matched non-TMD patients were used as the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the prevalence of all types of bone changes between TMD and non-TMD groups (all P < .05), except for loose joint bodies. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the total amount of bone change and the Helkimo Di score (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of CBCT images in the present study revealed significant differences between TMD and non-TMD condyles. There was also a significant relationship between the Helkimo clinical Di and the total amount of condylar bone change in patients with TMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khojastepour
authors.affiliation: Biomaterial Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahroo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vojdani
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Forghanim@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forghani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*