title: A wearable bluetooth LE sensor for patient monitoring during MRI scans.
abstract: This paper presents a working prototype of a wearable patient monitoring device capable of recording the heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, surface temperature and humidity during an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment. The measured values are transmitted via Bluetooth low energy (LE) and displayed in real time on a smartphone on the outside of the MRI room. During 7 MRI image acquisitions of at least 1 min and a total duration of 25 min no Bluetooth data packets were lost. The raw measurements of the light intensity for the photoplethysmogram based heart rate measurement shows an increased noise floor by 50LSB (least significant bit) during the MRI operation, whereas the temperature and humidity readings are unaffected. The device itself creates a magnetic resonance (MR) signal loss with a radius of 14 mm around the device surface and shows no significant increase in image noise of an acquired MRI image due to its radio frequency activity. This enables continuous and unobtrusive patient monitoring during MRI scans.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reber
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waltisberg
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buthe
authors.forename: Josip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marjanovic
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munzenrieder
authors.forename: Klaas P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pruessmann
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Troster
mesh_terms: D003020:Clothing; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*