title: Typologies of Altruistic and Financial Motivations for Research Participation.
abstract: Questions arise concerning participants' motives in risky studies, such as HIV vaccine trials (HVTs). We interviewed in-depth 20 gay/bisexual men. Participants described both altruistic and nonaltruistic motives. Altruistic motivations emerged primarily, with nine typologies: (a) cultural, (b) community related, (c) familial, (d) religious, (e) professional, (f) political (e.g., HIV activism), (g) moral (e.g., making up for past wrongs), (h) existential (e.g., providing sense of meaning), and (i) other psychological (e.g., emotional gratification). Views of compensation varied: not a factor (55%), added incentive (25%), main motivator, but in conjunction with altruism (15%), and primary motivator (5%). HVT participants thus often have both altruistic and financial motives, and related typologies emerged. These findings have critical implications for studies on HIV, other conditions, and research ethics.
authors.affiliation: 1 State University of New York College at Old Westbury, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: 2 Mid-Hudson Forensic Psychiatric Institute, New Hampton, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.affiliation: 3 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Klitzman
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000328:Adult; D000533:Altruism; D001290:Attitude; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D009042:Motivation; D018579:Patient Selection; D010684:Philosophy; D060926:Remuneration; D035842:Research Subjects; D012306:Risk; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines
keywords: HIV vaccine trial; altruism; benefits; compensation; motivators for participation; risks