title: Use of Crossed Polarizers to Enhance Images of the Eyelids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe imaging of the external eye with Crossed Polarizers to enhance clinically important features in digital photographs of the eyelids.
  
  
  METHODS
  External photographs with and without crossed polarizing filters were taken of patients with blepharitis and controls with no clinical eye pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Photographing eyelid skin through Crossed Polarizers decreased reflections on the skin surface and improved visualization of eyelid telangiectasias and blood vessels in patients with a broad range of skin pigmentation and ethnicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of Crossed Polarizers in imaging the external eye reduces reflections and glare from the eyelid skin and margins, thereby allowing for a more detailed evaluation of underlying structures and analysis of images. These findings suggest that including Crossed Polarizers in clinical photography has informative applications for assessing eyelid disease.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; ‡Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Departments of §Psychology; and ¶Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: OʼSullivan
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: Vatinee Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Bunya
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaro-Giordano
authors.forename: Ebenezer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Brainard
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Maureen G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D001762:Blepharitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003315:Cornea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*