title: Effects of Remineralization Agents on Artificial Carious Lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the remineralization potentials of different agents on demineralized enamel surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and sixty extracted human molars with artificial carious lesions were divided into six groups: (1) control; (2) acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF); (3) Curodont Repair (CR); (4) silver diamine fluoride (SDF); (5) ammonium hexafluorosilicate (SiF); and (6) SiF plus cetylpiridinium chloride (SiF+CPC). They were subdivided according to immersion periods (seven out of 30 days). After demineralization and remineralization procedures, microhardness test (VHN), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy evaluation were performed. The data were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the 30-day remineralization, the mean differences in VHN values were ranked as follows, in order: (1) CR; (2) APF; (3) SiF; (4) SiF+CPC; (5) SDF; and (6) control (P<0.05). The calcium (Ca) content and calcium/phosphate ratio for all groups were significantly higher after 30 days (P<0.05). The greatest lesion depth changes were observed in the CR, APF, SiF, and SDF groups (P<0.05), while the greatest fluorescence changes were observed in the APF, SiF, and CR groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The remineralization was most successful in the CR, APF, and SiF groups, with higher values than for those of the other treatments.
authors.affiliation: Research assistant, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey. selcuksavas1983@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kucukyilmaz
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, all at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra Uzer
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Celik
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008963:Molar / Q000187:drug effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018030:Silver Compounds; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D010710:Phosphates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; D012824:Silicic Acid; C004832:hexafluorosilicate; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; C024633:silver diamine fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium