title: The Benefits of Early Book Sharing (BEBS) for child cognitive and socio-emotional development in South Africa: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: Children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk for problems in their cognitive, social and behavioural development. Factors such as a lack of cognitive stimulation, harsh parenting practices, and severe and persistent aggression in early childhood are central to the genesis of these problems. Interventions that target the intersection between early childhood development, parenting, and early violence prevention are required in order to meaningfully address these problems.
  
  
  
  We are conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate a parenting intervention for caregivers of children aged between 23 and 27 months, designed to promote child cognitive and socioemotional development in Khayelitsha, a low-income peri-urban township in South Africa. Families are randomly allocated to a book-sharing intervention group or to a wait-list control group. In the intervention, we train caregivers in supportive book-sharing with young children. Training is carried out in small groups over a period of 8 weeks. Data are collected at baseline, post intervention and at 6 months post intervention. In addition to targeting child cognitive development, the intervention aims to improve child socioemotional functioning.
  
  
  
  The Benefits of Early Book Sharing (BEBS) trial aims to evaluate the impact of an early parenting intervention on several key risk factors for the development of violence, including aspects of parenting and child cognition, prosocial behaviour, aggression, and socioemotional functioning. The study is being carried out in a LMIC where violence constitutes a major social and health burden. Since the intervention is brief and, with modest levels of training, readily deliverable in LMIC contexts, a demonstration that it is of benefit to both child cognitive and socioemotional development would be of significance.
  
  
  
  The BEBS trial is registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number database, registration number ISRCTN71109104 . Registered on 9 February 2016. This is version 1 of the protocol for the BEBS trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dowdall
authors.affiliation: University of Reading, Reading, UK. p.j.cooper@rdg.ac.uk.|University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. p.j.cooper@rdg.ac.uk.|Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. p.j.cooper@rdg.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.affiliation: Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: University of Reading, Reading, UK.|University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001877:Books; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D012107:Research Design; D012919:Social Behavior; D013019:South Africa; D013997:Time Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Book-sharing; Early childhood development; Parenting intervention; South Africa; Violence prevention