title: A comparison of age, cognitive, hormonal, symptomatic and mood correlates of Aggression towards Others in boys with ASD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aggression is a major problem in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but little is known about the possible contributors to this behaviour.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative strength of the relationships between developmental, cognitive, symptomatic, hormonal and mood factors and 'Aggression towards Others' in boys with ASD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predictors of Aggression towards Others were investigated in a sample of 136 boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder (M age=11.3yr, SD=3.2yr, range=6yr to 17yr). Data were collected from the boys themselves and their parents (14 fathers, 122 mothers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that age and Low Registration on the Sensory Profile were the only significant correlates of this form of aggression. Importantly, testosterone levels did not account for level of social aggression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that these boys may have learnt more effective methods of dealing with their frustration as they grew older or benefitted from cognitive maturation, and that having a high neurological threshold may be a source of frustration for these boys. The relationship between Aggression towards Others and Low Registration is discussed and clinical implications of the findings explicated.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, 4229, Australia. Electronic address: vbitsika@bond.edu.au.
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bitsika
authors.affiliation: Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: csharpl3@une.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Sharpley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address: sweenej5@ucmail.uc.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: nandroni@une.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Andronicos
authors.affiliation: Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: lagnew2@une.edu.au.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Agnew
authors.affiliation: Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, 4229, Australia. Electronic address: warnold@bond.edu.au.
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D001315:Australia; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000066553:Problem Behavior; D000068356:Self-Control; D012919:Social Behavior; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Aggression; Autism; Challenging behaviour; Cortisol; Testosterone