title: Improving postnatal checkups for mothers in West Africa: A multilevel analysis.
abstract: This study examined multilevel factors related to postnatal checkups for mothers in selected West African countries. The study analyzed data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for five West African countries: Sierra Leone (2013), Cote d'Ivoire (2012), Guinea (2012), Niger (2012), and Liberia (2013). The weighted sample sizes were 2125 (Cote d'Ivoire), 2908 (Guinea), 1905 (Liberia), 5660 (Niger), and 3754 (Sierra Leone). The outcome variable was maternal postnatal checkups. The explanatory variables were community and individual/household characteristics. With the use of Stata 12, the chi-square statistic and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression were applied. More than two-thirds of respondents in Guinea and Niger did not receive a postnatal checkup after their last birth, while in Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, more than half of respondents received a postnatal checkup after their last childbirth. Community characteristics accounted for the following variations in postnatal checkups: 33.9% (Cote d'Ivoire), 37.2% (Guinea), 27.0% (Liberia), 33.5% (Niger), and 37.2% (Sierra Leone). Community factors thus had important relations to use of postnatal care in West Africa. Interventions targeting more community variables, particularly community education and poverty, may further improve postnatal care in West Africa.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Demography and Social Statistics , Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife , Nigeria.|b Demography and Population Studies Programme , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg-Braamfontein , South Africa.
authors.forename: Bola Lukman
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5723-1174
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Solanke
authors.affiliation: b Demography and Population Studies Programme , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg-Braamfontein , South Africa.|c Department of Demography and Social Statistics , Covenant University , Ota , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Emmanuel O
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5568-2115
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Amoo
authors.affiliation: b Demography and Population Studies Programme , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg-Braamfontein , South Africa.|d Department of Sociology , Covenant University , Ota , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adenike Esther
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Idowu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D000068097:Maternal Health; D009035:Mothers; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011203:Poverty; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Checkup; West Africa; childbirth; maternal health; multilevel; postnatal