title: Fracture Burden: What Two and a Half Decades of Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study Data Reveal About Clinical Outcomes of Osteoporosis.
abstract: This review aims to highlight important clinical findings from the over 25 year-long Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study particularly focusing on outcomes post fracture.
  
  
  
  Every low trauma fracture in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent fracture, with a higher risk in men than women. All major or proximal fractures and even minor fractures in the very elderly or minor fractures that are then followed by re-fracture are associated with premature mortality, greatest in the first 5 years post fracture. Having a subsequent fracture further increases this high mortality risk, but if an individual survives the high risk period, their risk returns to that of the background population. Non-hip non-vertebral fractures account for a significant proportion of the premature mortality. Despite an improvement in overall health and population mortality over the years, excess mortality post fracture has not changed in the last 2 decades. All low trauma, fractures in the elderly herald a high risk of poor outcomes, particularly in the first few years post fracture. Early intervention should be initiated.
authors.affiliation: Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. j.center@garvan.org.au.
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Center
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Epidemiology; Fracture; Mortality; Non-hip non-vertebral fracture; Osteoporosis; Re-fracture