title: Developmental toxicity in flounder embryos exposed to crude oils derived from different geographical regions.
abstract: Crude oils from distinct geographical regions have distinct chemical compositions, and, as a result, their toxicity may be different. However, developmental toxicity of crude oils derived from different geographical regions has not been extensively characterized. In this study, flounder embryos were separately exposed to effluents contaminated by three crude oils including: Basrah Light (BLO), Pyrenees (PCO), and Sakhalin Vityaz (SVO), in addition to a processed fuel oil (MFO-380), to measure developmental toxicity and for gene expressions. Each oil possessed a distinct chemical composition. Edema defect was highest in embryos exposed to PCO and MFO-380 that both have a greater fraction of three-ring PAHs (33% and 22%, respectively) compared to BLO and SVO. Observed caudal fin defects were higher in embryos exposed to SVO and MFO-380, which are both dominated by naphthalenes (81% and 52%, respectively). CYP1A gene expressions were also highest in embryos exposed to SVO and MFO-380. Higher incidence of cardiotoxicity and lower nkx 2.5 expression were detected in embryos exposed to PCO. Unique gene expression profiles were observed in embryos exposed to crude oils with distinct compositions. This study demonstrates that crude oils of different geographical origins with different compositional characteristics induce developmental toxicity to different degrees.
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Un Hyuk
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Geon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mkim@kiost.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moonkoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D058500:Animal Fins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001315:Australia; D000072461:Cytochrome P450 Family 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005432:Flounder / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007493:Iraq; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012426:Russia; D013723:Teratogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D005648:Fuel Oils; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013723:Teratogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000072461:Cytochrome P450 Family 1
keywords: Developmental toxicity; Embryo; Geographical origin; Oil spill; PAHs