title: Dietary energy density and body weight changes after 3 years in the PREDIMED study.
abstract: The association of dietary energy density (ED) and overweight is not clear in the literature. Our aim was to study in 4259 of the PREDIMED trial whether an increase in dietary ED based on a higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with 3-year weight gain. A validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire was administered. Multivariable-adjusted models were used to analyze the association between 3-year ED change and the subsequent 3-year body weight change. The most important weight reduction after 3-year follow-up was observed in the two lowest quintiles and the highest quintile of ED change. The highest ED increase was characterized by an increased intake of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts and a decreased intake of other oils, vegetable and fruit consumption (p < .001). In conclusion, increased 3-year ED in the PREDIMED study, associated with a higher EVOO and nuts consumption, was not associated with weight gain.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Navarra , Spain.|b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Razquin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Navarra , Spain.|b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Tainta
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|d Department of Human Nutrition , IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Tarragona , Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|e Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Primary Health Care , Pamplona , Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buil-Cosiales
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|f Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|g Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group , IMIM-Institut de Recerca del Hospital del Mar , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fito
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|h Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|i Department of Internal Medicine , IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|j Department of Cardiology, Hospital Araba (Txagorritxu) , Vitoria , Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arós
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|k Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine , University of Malaga , Málaga , Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gracia
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Madrid , Spain.|l Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa). Hospital Son Espases , Palma de Mallorca , Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|m Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla , San Pablo Health Center , Sevilla , Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapetra
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|n Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences , University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Las Palmas , Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|o Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: g Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group , IMIM-Institut de Recerca del Hospital del Mar , Barcelona , Spain.|p CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|q Department of Fundamental Biology & Health Sciences , University of Balearic Islands , Palma de Mallorca , Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|f Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sorlí
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|r Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, XaRTA, INSA , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.affiliation: b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|d Department of Human Nutrition , IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Tarragona , Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Navarra , Spain.|b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Maira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bes-Rastrollo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Navarra , Spain.|b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and PREDIMED Network (RD 06/0045) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain.|c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Madrid , Spain.|s Department of Nutrition , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D000069463:Olive Oil; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil
keywords: Mediterranean dietary pattern; PREDIMED; body weight change; dietary energy density; extra-virgin olive oil; nuts