title: Superior Pre-Osteoblast Cell Response of Etched Ultrafine-Grained Titanium with a Controlled Crystallographic Orientation.
abstract: Ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti for improved mechanical performance as well as its surface modification enhancing biofunctions has attracted much attention in medical industries. Most of the studies on the surface etching of metallic biomaterials have focused on surface topography and wettability but not crystallographic orientation, i.e., texture, which influences the chemical as well as the physical properties. In this paper, the influences of texture and grain size on roughness, wettability, and pre-osteoblast cell response were investigated in vitro after HF etching treatment. The surface characteristics and cell behaviors of ultrafine, fine, and coarse-grained Ti were examined after the HF etching. The surface roughness during the etching treatment was significantly increased as the orientation angle from the basal pole was increased. The cell adhesion tendency of the rough surface was promoted. The UFG Ti substrate exhibited a higher texture energy state, rougher surface, enhanced hydrophilic wettability, and better cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors after etching than those of the coarse- and fine-grained Ti substrates. These results provide a new route for enhancing both mechanical and biological performances using etching after grain refinement of Ti.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.|Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: See Am
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: WoonBong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sei Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.|Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung Seop
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium