title: Microneedle cuff electrodes for extrafascicular peripheral nerve interfacing.
abstract: The work presented here describes a new tool for peripheral nerve interfacing, called the microneedle cuff (μN-cuff) electrode.
  
  
  
  μN arrays are designed and integrated into cuff electrodes for penetrating superficial tissues while remaining non-invasive to delicate axonal tracts.
  
  
  
  In acute testing, the presence of 75 μm height μNs decreased the electrode-tissue interface impedance by 0.34 kΩ, resulting in a 0.9 mA reduction in functional stimulation thresholds and increased the signal-to-noise ratio by 9.1 dB compared to standard (needle-less) nerve cuff electrodes. Preliminary acute characterization suggests that μN-cuff electrodes provide the stability and ease of use of standard cuff electrodes while enhancing electrical interfacing characteristics.
  
  
  
  The ability to stimulate, block, and record peripheral nerve activity with greater specificity, resolution, and fidelity can enable more precise spatiotemporal control and measurement of neural circuits.
authors.forename: Yogi A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willsie
authors.forename: Isaac P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Swaminathan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajaraman
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Butera
mesh_terms: D017097:Electric Impedance; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D010525:Peripheral Nerves; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio