title: Boron Doped Diamond Paste Electrodes for Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices.
abstract: Boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have exemplary electrochemical properties; however, widespread use of high-quality BDD has previously been limited by material cost and availability. In the present article, we report the use of a BDD paste electrode (BDDPE) coupled with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) to create a low-cost, high-performance electrochemical sensor. The BDDPEs are easy to prepare from a mixture of BDD powder and mineral oil and can be easily stencil-printed into a variety of electrode geometries. We demonstrate the utility and applicability of BDDPEs through measurements of biological species (norepinephrine and serotonin) and heavy metals (Pb and Cd) using μPADs. Compared to traditional carbon paste electrodes (CPE), BDDPEs exhibit a wider potential window, lower capacitive current, and are able to circumvent the fouling of serotonin. These results demonstrate the capability of BDDPEs as point-of-care sensors when coupled with μPADs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University , Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nantaphol
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5416-7736
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Channon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University , Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weena
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siangproh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University , Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orawon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chailapakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8671-7728
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis; D010209:Paper; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D012701:Serotonin; D018130:Diamond; D001895:Boron; D009638:Norepinephrine