title: Legal priorities for prevention of non-communicable diseases: innovations from WHO's Eastern Mediterranean region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally and in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). This paper reports on a research collaboration between the WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Office (EMRO) and the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University that aims to identify (1) regionally relevant, cost-effective and affordable legal interventions to prevent NCDs, and (2) methods to strengthen implementation and enforcement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis of >200 international, regional and domestic interventions addressing key NCD risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, diet and physical inactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers searched legal and policy databases including the WHO Nutrition, Obesity and Physical Activity Database and drew upon academic commentary and 'grey' literature. Measures included evidence of impact; evidence of cost-effectiveness; and monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Researchers identified many examples of legal interventions effectively reducing NCD risk factors. Key enabling factors for effective NCD-related laws include regulatory capacity; governance mechanisms promoting multisectoral collaboration and accountability; and tailoring interventions to local legal, economic and social contexts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the EMR, and globally, law can be a cost-effective and affordable means of curbing underlying drivers of the NCD pandemic, such as rampant junk food marketing. Building upon this research, together with international and regional experts, EMRO has identified 10 priority interventions in the areas of tobacco control, unhealthy diets and NCD governance. The EMRO/O'Neill Institute partnership will develop guidance tools and capacity building initiatives to support Member States to harness the power of law to achieve population health improvements.
authors.affiliation: O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, 600 New Jersey Avenue NW, 20001, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: gostin@law.georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Gostin
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt. Electronic address: aboutalebh@who.int.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abou-Taleb
authors.affiliation: O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, 600 New Jersey Avenue NW, 20001, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: sar234@law.georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roache
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt. Electronic address: alwana@who.int.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alwan
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003141:Communicable Diseases; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004032:Diet; D006291:Health Policy; D006292:Health Priorities / Q000191:economics; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: Legal interventions; NCDs; Non-communicable disease risk factors; Non-communicable diseases; Public health law