title: GC/MS-based metabolomic analysis of alleviated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by remote ischemic preconditioning.
abstract: Dysfunctional metabolisms have contributed towards ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) in I/R injury is not well known. The present study showed alleviated I/R injury in kidneys treated with RIP.
  
  
  
  We utilized GC/MS-based metabolomics to characterize the variation of metabolomes.
  
  
  
  Metabolic category using differential metabolites showed the lower percentage of amino acids in I/R group in comparison to RIP+I/R group, confirming the importance of amino acid metabolism in RIP-treated rat kidney. Further, pathway enrichment analysis showed alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism to be involved in the beneficial effects of RIP during renal I/R injury. Furthermore, another crucial enrichment pathway is biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Other vital metabolites detected in independent component analysis (ICA) analysis were d-glucose, lactic acid and cholesterol. The variation tendency of above-mentioned metabolites was overall consistent with the protective nature of RIP.
  
  
  
  These findings elicited a viewpoint that metabolic strategy affected by RIP are linked to underlying mechanisms of RIP and highlighted the importance of metabolic strategy against I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China. shsh0844@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J-Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J-X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: S-D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: -L Zhu
authors.forename: G-G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury