title: Optimal CT scanning parameters for commonly used tumor ablation applicators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CT-beam hardening artifact can make tumor margin visualization and its relationship to the ablation applicator tip challenging. To determine optimal scanning parameters for commonly-used applicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Applicators were placed in ex-vivo cow livers with implanted mock tumors, surrounded by bolus gel. Various CT scans were performed at 440mA with 5mm thickness changing kVp, scan time, ASiR, scan type, pitch, and reconstruction algorithm. Four radiologists blindly scored the images for image quality and artifact quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant relationship between probe, kVp level, ASiR level, and reconstruction algorithm was observed concerning both image artifact and image quality (both p=<0.0001). Specifically, there are certain combinations of kVp, ASiR, and reconstruction algorithm that yield better images than other combinations. In particular, one probe performed equivalently or better than any competing probe considered here, regardless of kVp, ASiR, and reconstruction algorithm combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings illustrate the overall interaction of the effects of kVp, ASiR, and reconstruction algorithm within and between probes, so that radiologists may easily reference optimal imaging performance for a certain combinations of kVp, ASiR, reconstruction algorithm and probes at their disposal. Optimum combinations for each probe are provided.
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA.
authors.forename: Adam E M
authors.initials: AEM
authors.lastname: Eltorai
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Lifespan Biostatistics Core, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Grayson L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Monu
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Farrah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seidler
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Jeomsoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, USA. Electronic address: ddupuy@comcast.net.
authors.forename: Damian E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dupuy
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: Applicator; Artifact reduction; CT-guidance; Tumor ablation