title: The nutrient-sensing repertoires of mouse enterochromaffin cells differ between duodenum and colon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enterochromaffin (EC) cells within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract provide almost all body serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]). Peripheral 5-HT, released from EC cells lining the gut wall, serves diverse physiological roles. These include modulating GI motility, bone formation, hepatic gluconeogenesis, thermogenesis, insulin resistance, and regulation of fat mass. Enterochromaffin cells are nutrient sensors, but which nutrients they are responsive to and how this changes in different parts of the GI tract are poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  To accurately undertake such an examination, we undertook the first isolation and purification of primary mouse EC cells from both the duodenum and colon in the same animal. This allowed us to compare, in an internally controlled manner, regional differences in the expression of nutrient sensors in EC cells using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both colonic and duodenal EC cells expressed G protein-coupled receptors and facilitative transporters for sugars, free fatty acids, amino acids, and lipid amides. We find differential expression of nutrient receptor and transporters in EC cells obtained from duodenal and colonic EC cells. Duodenal EC cells have higher expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1, sugar transporters GLUT2, GLUT5, and free fatty acid receptors 1 and 3 (FFAR1 and FFAR3). Colonic EC cells express higher levels of GLUT1, FFAR2, and FFAR4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We highlight the diversity of EC cell physiology and identify differences in the regional sensing repertoire of EC cells to an assortment of nutrients. These data indicate that not all EC cells are similar and that differences in their physiological responses are likely dependent on their location within the GI tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lumsden
authors.affiliation: South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Jessup
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: D J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-8305
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Keating
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: enterochromaffin; glucose; nutrients; receptors; serotonin