title: Important clinical descriptors to include in the examination and assessment of patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: an international and multi-disciplinary Delphi survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine which examination findings are key clinical descriptors of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) through use of an international, multi-disciplinary expert panel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-round Delphi survey utilizing an international, multi-disciplinary expert panel operationally defined from international publications and presentations was utilized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All six domains (subjective examination, patient-reported outcome measures, physical examination, special tests, physical performance measures, and diagnostic imaging) had at least one descriptor with 75% consensus agreement for diagnosis and assessment of FAIS. Diagnostic imaging was the domain with the highest level of agreement. Domains such as patient-reported outcome measures (PRO's) and physical examination were identified as non-diagnostic measures (rather as assessments of disease impact).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it also had the greatest level of variability in description of examination domains, diagnostic imaging continues to be the preeminent diagnostic measure for FAIS. No single domain should be utilized as the sole diagnostic or assessment parameter for FAIS. While not all investigated domains provide diagnostic capability for FAIS, those that do not are able to serve purpose as a measure of disease impact (e.g., impairments and activity limitations). The clinical relevance of this Delphi survey is the understanding that a comprehensive assessment measuring both diagnostic capability and disease impact most accurately reflects the patient with FAIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  V.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. reiman.michael@gmail.com.|Sports Orthopedic Research Centre-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark. reiman.michael@gmail.com.|Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 104002, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. reiman.michael@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reiman
authors.affiliation: Sports Orthopedic Research Centre-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark.|Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen (PMR-C), and Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Covington
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Sports Orthopedic Research Centre-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark.|Aspetar Sports Groin Pain Center, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hölmich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003697:Delphi Technique; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D010808:Physical Examination; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Assessment; Examination; Femoroacetabular impingement; Hip