title: Antibodies specific for nucleic acid modifications.
abstract: Nucleotide modifications constitute marks in RNA and DNA that contribute to gene regulation, development and other cellular processes. The understanding of their intricate molecular roles has been hampered by the high number of different modifications, the lack of effective methods and tools for their detection and quantification as well as by their complex structure-function relationship. The recent development of RNA and DNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (RIP- and DIP-seq) initiated detailed transcriptome- and genome-wide studies. Both techniques depend on highly specific and sensitive antibodies to specifically enrich the targeted modified nucleotides without background or potential biases. Here, we review the challenges and developments when generating and validating antibodies targeting modified nucleotides. We discuss antibody-antigen interactions, different strategies of antigen generation and compare different binder formats suitable for state-of-the-art high resolution mapping and imaging technologies.
authors.affiliation: a Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility and Research Group, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity , Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH , München , Germany.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3981-367X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feederle
authors.affiliation: a Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility and Research Group, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity , Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH , München , Germany.
authors.forename: Aloys
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5442-5608
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schepers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology*; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009696:Nucleic Acids
keywords: Antibody; epigenomics; epitranscriptomics; modified nucleotide; nucleic acid modification