title: Basal markers and prognosis in luminal breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Basal marker expression in triple-negative breast cancers identifies basal-like tumours, and thus separates the TN group into two prognostic groups. However, the expression and prognostic significance of basal markers in luminal breast cancers are poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of basal markers (CK5, CK14 and EGFR) in luminal breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1423 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tumours from a well-characterized cohort of Norwegian women, previously reclassified into molecular subtypes using IHC and ISH, were included in the study. For the present study, tumours expressing at least one of the basal markers CK5, CK14 or EGFR were defined as basal marker positive. Cumulative incidence of death from breast cancer and hazard ratio analyses were used to assess prognosis according to basal marker expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In total, 470 cases (33.0%) were basal marker positive. A higher proportion of the basal marker-positive tumours were of histopathological grade 3 compared to basal marker negative. For hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative cases, we found better prognosis for basal marker-positive breast cancer compared to basal marker negative. For all subtypes combined, poorer prognosis for basal marker-negative cases was found in histopathological grade 2 tumours but not among grade 1 and 3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. monica.j.engstrom@ntnu.no.|Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. monica.j.engstrom@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Monica J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Engstrøm
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valla
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bofin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053547:Keratin-14 / Q000378:metabolism; D053555:Keratin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053547:Keratin-14; D053555:Keratin-5; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: Basal markers; Breast cancer; Luminal subtypes; Prognosis