title: Hydrothermal conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using ionic liquid as a recycled catalyst in a water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixture.
abstract: Here, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), the monomer composing the second most abundant biopolymer, chitin, was efficiently converted into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) using ionic liquid (IL) catalysts in a water/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixture solvent. Various reaction parameters, including reaction temperature and time, DMSO/water mass ratios and catalyst dosage were optimized. A series of ILs with different structures were analyzed to explore their impact on GlcNAc conversion. The substrate scope was expanded from GlcNAc to d-glucosamine, chitin, chitosan and monosaccharides, although 5-HMF yields obtained from polymers and other monosaccharides were generally lower than those from GlcNAc. Moreover, the IL N-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim][HSO4]) exhibited the best catalyst performance (64.6% yield) when GlcNAc was dehydrated in a DMSO/water mixture at 180 °C for 6 h without the addition of extra catalysts. To summarize, these results could provide knowledge essential to the production of valuable chemicals that are derived from renewable marine resources and benefit biofuel-related applications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China. Electronic address: zanghongjun@tjpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Songbai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yannan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yuchan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Department of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D059027:Recycling; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C000617151:N-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate; D014867:Water; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde; D000117:Acetylglucosamine; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: 5-HydroxyMethylfurfural; Dehydration; Hydrothermal conversion; Ionic liquid; N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine