title: Classification of natural products as sources of drugs according to the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system (BDDCS).
abstract: Natural products (NPs) are compounds that are derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and micro-organisms. Therapeutics has benefited from numerous drug classes derived from natural product sources. The Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) was proposed to serve as a basis for predicting the importance of transporters and enzymes in determining drug bioavailability and disposition. It categorizes drugs into one of four biopharmaceutical classes according to their water solubility and extent of metabolism. The present paper reviews 109 drugs from natural product sources: 29% belong to class 1 (high solubility, extensive metabolism), 22% to class 2 (low solubility, extensive metabolism), 40% to class 3 (high solubility, poor metabolism), and 9% to class 4 (low solubility, poor metabolism). Herein we evaluated the characteristics of NPs in terms of BDDCS class for all 109 drugs as wells as for subsets of NPs drugs derived from plant sources as antibiotics. In the 109 NPs drugs, we compiled 32 drugs from plants, 50% (16) of total in class 1, 22% (7) in class 2 and 28% (9) in class 3, none found in class 4; Meantime, the antibiotics were found 5 (16%) in class 2, 22 (71%) in class 3, and 4 (13%) in class 4; no drug was found in class 1. Based on this classification, we anticipate BDDCS to serve as a useful adjunct in evaluating the potential characteristics of new natural products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: liji@cpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Larregieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912, USA. Electronic address: Leslie.Benet@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Leslie Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Benet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001702:Biopharmaceutics / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS); Dose number; Natural products (NPs); Solubility and extent of metabolism