title: Microvascular NADPH oxidase in health and disease.
abstract: The systemic and cerebral microcirculation contribute critically to regulation of local and global blood flow and perfusion pressure. Microvascular dysfunction, commonly seen in numerous cardiovascular pathologies, is associated with alterations in the oxidative environment including potentiated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent activation of redox signaling pathways. NADPH oxidases (Noxs) are a primary source of ROS in the vascular system and play a central role in cardiovascular health and disease. In this review, we focus on the roles of Noxs in ROS generation in resistance arterioles and capillaries, and summarize their contributions to microvascular physiology and pathophysiology in both systemic and cerebral microcirculation. In light of the accumulating evidence that Noxs are pivotal players in vascular dysfunction of resistance arterioles, selectively targeting Nox isozymes could emerge as a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating microvascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: pagano@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: Aging; Arterioles; Endothelial dysfunction; Microcirculation; Myogenic tone; NADPH oxidase; Reactive oxygen species; Remodeling