title: The impact of fat distribution on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged Chinese adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) depends not only on the amount of body fat but also on its distribution, which has not been fully investigated in Chinese populations. We aimed to compare measures of fat accumulation in associations with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 548 participants aged 40-60years without previous history or clinical symptoms of CVD were randomly selected to undergo abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning and coronary CT angiography for the evaluation of subcutaneous and visceral fat accumulation and coronary atherosclerosis, respectively. γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was used as a surrogate indicator of liver fat accumulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measures of obesity such as body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat areas, and GGT levels, but not subcutaneous fat areas increased substantially across groups of participants without coronary stenosis, with <50% stenosis, and with significant (≥50%) stenosis after adjustment for age and sex. The multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that most obesity indicators such as BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat areas, and GGT levels were significantly associated with risks of having <50% coronary stenosis after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors. However, only GGT levels were significantly associated with risks of having significant (≥50%) coronary stenosis after adjustment. In addition, no significant associations were found between measures of fat accumulation and coronary calcification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver fat accumulation might be more important in the association with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis compared with general and abdominal fat accumulation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tiange
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: jane.yuxu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055105:Waist Circumference; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; C554782:gamma-glutamyltransferase, human
keywords: Liver fat accumulation; Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis; Subcutaneous fat areas; Visceral fat areas