title: Probiotic consumption decreases the number of osteoclasts during orthodontic movement in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) supplementation on bone remodelling induced by mechanical loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice were divided in two groups: (1) Probiotic and (2) Vehicle (water). The probiotic (1.5×108CFU/mL) was administered orally for 14 days, starting two days before the induction of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). OTM was determined by histomorphometric analysis by comparing the right to the left side of the maxilla. The number of osteoclasts was determined by counting TRAP-positive cells. Osteoblasts were counted on Masson's trichrome-stained slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OTM was similar between groups (with and without probiotic supplementation) (p=0.46). The number of TRAP-positive cells increased (p<0.01) on the experimental side (where the spring coil was installed) in comparison to the control side in both groups. However, the number of osteoclasts decreased (p˂0.01) in the probiotic group, in comparison to the vehicle group. There was an increase in the number of osteoblasts (p˂0.05) in both the Vehicle and Probiotic groups on the side under OTM, independent of probiotic supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral Supplementation with a probiotic influenced the number of osteoclasts adjacent to the tooth root during orthodontic movement in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: camilapazzini@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Camila Alessandra
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pazzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarcília Aparecida
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina Cristina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Montalvany-Antonucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saul Martins
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Paiva
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
keywords: Mice; Orthodontic tooth movement; Probiotics