title: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Lowers Elevated Functional Connectivity in Depressed Adolescents.
abstract: Imaging studies have implicated altered functional connectivity in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Whether similar dysfunction is present in adolescent patients is unclear. The degree of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) may reflect abnormalities within emotional ('hot') and cognitive control ('cold') neural systems. Here, we investigate rsFC of these systems in adolescent patients and changes following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was acquired from adolescent patients before CBT, and 24-weeks later following completed therapy. Similar data were obtained from control participants. Cross-sectional Cohort: From 82 patients and 34 controls at baseline, rsFC of the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) was calculated for comparison. Longitudinal Cohort: From 17 patients and 30 controls with longitudinal data, treatment effects were tested on rsFC. Patients demonstrated significantly greater rsFC to left amygdala, bilateral supragenual ACC, but not with PFC. Treatment effects were observed in right insula connected to left supragenual ACC, with baseline case-control differences reduced. rsFC changes were significantly correlated with changes in depression severity. Depressed adolescents exhibited heightened connectivity in regions of 'hot' emotional processing, known to be associated with depression, where treatment exposure exerted positive effects, without concomitant differences in areas of 'cold' cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: sc751@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Shayanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioral and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tait
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuizen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Cindy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Rosemary J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioral and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sahakian
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Paul O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioral and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Goodyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK; MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioral and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suckling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D063132:Connectome; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male
keywords: Adolescence; Cortical thickness; Depression; Fronto-limbic; Functional connectivity; Resting-state