title: Quantitative efficacy of external and internal browpexy performed in conjunction with blepharoplasty.
abstract: Browpexy surgery is a minimally invasive surgical adjunct to upper blepharoplasty. The traditional internal (IB) approach is well documented, while the newer external (EB) variant has only recently been described. To date, there is little quantitative data to evaluate the efficacy of either procedure, and no data to compare results between the two. We determine the efficacy of, and compare surgical results between, internal and external browpexy surgery in lifting the central and lateral brow. A 3.5-year retrospective review of patients undergoing internal and external browpexy surgery to assess the amount of central and lateral lift to the brow was performed. Patients undergoing blepharoplasty without brow lift were used as a control group. The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary FACE-gram program was used to quantify surgical outcome. Ninety-eight patients are included for review, with an average follow-up of 4-5 months. The average elevation in lateral/central brow position was 2.29 mm and 1.47 mm in the IB group, and 2.97 mm and 1.90 mm in the EB group. These were not statistically significant (p = 0.164, and p = 0.507, respectively). There was a statistically significant elevation in central and lateral brow height for both browpexy techniques and the control group (p < 0.001). External and internal browpexy surgery afford a similar, and non-statistically different, elevation of the central and lateral brow at 4-5 months. When compared to standalone blepharoplasty (control) the amount of lift for both procedures is statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokhtarzadeh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA.|c Beverly Hills Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Beverly Hills , California , USA.
authors.forename: Guy G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Massry
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bitrian
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.|d Department of Otolaryngology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005138:Eyebrows; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Blepharoplasty; brow lift; brow ptosis; browpexy