title: Effects of Two Diode Lasers With and Without Photosensitization on Contaminated Implant Surfaces: An Ex Vivo Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this ex vivo study is to assess decontamination potential of two different diode laser wavelengths, with or without the aid of photodynamic therapy, on dental implant surfaces and to evaluate the harmful potential of temperature increase during laser irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-two machined sterile implants were placed into sterile porcine bone blocks with standardized coronal angular bony defects and inoculated with Streptococcus sanguinis. Four different treatment protocols were used: 810 or 980 nm laser, with or without photosensitization. Two nontreated control groups were used, one with samples coated with indocyanine green dye. Samples were rinsed and plated on agar plates for subsequent colony count. Irradiation was repeated without contamination at room temperature and in a 37°C water bath monitoring the temperature variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a statistically significant decontamination effect when the laser is used. Both wavelengths minimize contamination. There was modest improvement given by the photosensitization being more marked in the 810 nm groups, but was not statistically significant compared to laser only. A critical temperature increase was never observed when the sample was in a 37°C water bath.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of both diode laser wavelengths in implant surface decontamination was efficacious regardless of the use of photosensitization and without dangerous increase of temperature.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Nicola Alberto
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mang
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mikulski
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andreana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: laser; microbiology; peri-implantitis