title: Levodopa response differs in Parkinson's motor subtypes: A task-based effective connectivity study.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a circuit-level disorder with clinically-determined motor subtypes. Despite evidence suggesting each subtype may have different pathophysiology, few neuroimaging studies have examined levodopa-induced differences in neural activation between tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype patients during a motor task. The goal of this functional MRI (fMRI) study was to examine task-induced activation and connectivity in the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical motor circuit in healthy controls, TD patients, and PIGD patients before and after levodopa administration. Fourteen TD and 12 PIGD cognitively-intact patients and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed a right-hand, paced tapping fMRI paradigm. Collectively, PD patients off medication (OFF) showed hypoactivation of the motor cortex relative to healthy controls, even when controlling for performance. After levodopa intake, the PIGD patients had significantly increased activation in the left putamen compared with TD patients and healthy controls. Psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that levodopa increased effective connectivity between the posterior putamen and other areas of the motor circuit during tapping in TD patients, but not in PIGD patients. This novel, levodopa-induced difference in the neural responses between PD motor subtypes may have significant implications for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the distinct phenotypic manifestations and enabling the classification of motor subtypes objectively using fMRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Brianne
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-0884
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Neurology Section, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004856:Postural Balance; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Parkinson's disease; RRID:SCR_007037; RRID:SCR_009489; functional MRI; postural instability/gait difficulty; psychophysiological interaction; tremor dominant