title: Multiple primary cancers: Simultaneously occurring prostate cancer and other primary tumors-our experience and literature search.
abstract: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in men all over the world, and it is becoming an increasing public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. In our practice, we identified that prostate cancer co-existed with other primary cancers even in noncontiguous regions of the body and this co-existence impacted on our management of these patients.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively studied a 2-year period (June 2012-July 2014), the records of patients in our hospital with prostate cancer, who in addition, had other primary cancers; and studied the management and outcomes of these patients. We also reviewed the existing literatures for possible biologic links between prostatic carcinoma and other primary tumors.
  
  
  
  There were six patients with multiple primary cancers who had prostate cancers. The age range was 60-84 years and the mean age of 72.2 ± 0.4 years. The primary tumors co-existing with prostate cancer were colonic adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma, primary liver cell carcinoma, and thyroid follicular carcinoma in both synchronous and metachronous relationships.
  
  
  
  Prostate cancers often co-exist with other cancers. The precise mechanism by which prostate cancer co-exists with another primary cancer is yet to be clearly defined. With more study of the syndromic cancers involving the prostate, definite associations could be identified, and this may help in managing these patients better.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin; Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Popoola
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Abiola
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ushie
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Olanipekun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Arogundade
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*