title: Development of olmesartan medoxomil optimized nanosuspension using the Box-Behnken design to improve oral bioavailability.
abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to enhance the oral bioavailability of olmesartan medoxomil by improving its solubility and dissolution rate by preparing nanosuspension (OM-NS), using the Box-Behnken design. In this, four factors were evaluated at three levels. Independent variables include: concentration of drug (X1), concentration of surfactant (X2), concentration of polymer (X3) and number of homogenization cycles (X4). Based on preliminary studies, the size (Y1), zeta potential (ZP) (Y2) and % drug release at 5 min (Y3) were chosen as dependent responses. OM-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization method. The size, PDI, ZP, assay, in vitro release and morphology of OM-NS were characterized. Further, the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of OM-NS was evaluated in male wistar rats. Statistically optimized OM-NS formulation exhibited mean particle size of 492 nm, ZP of -27.9 mV and 99.29% release in 5 min. OM-NS showed more than four times increase in its solubility than pure OM. DSC and XRD analyses indicated that the drug incorporated into OM-NS was in amorphous form. The morphology of OM-NS was found to be nearly spherical with high dispersity by scanning electron microscopic studies. The PK results showed that OM lyophilized nanosuspension (NS) exhibited improved PK properties compared to coarse powder suspension and marketed tablet powder suspension (TS). Oral bioavailability of lyophilized NS was increased by 2.45 and 2.25 folds when compared to marketed TS and coarse powder suspension, respectively. Results of this study lead to conclusion that NS approach was effective in preparing OM formulations with enhanced dissolution and improved oral bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University , Warangal , India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagaraj
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University , Warangal , India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Narendar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University , Warangal , India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kishan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D000068557:Olmesartan Medoxomil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013535:Suspensions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013535:Suspensions; D000068557:Olmesartan Medoxomil
keywords: Olmesartan medoxomil; high pressure homogenization; lyophilization; oral bioavailability; pharmacokinetics; the Box–Behnken design