title: Moving Toward a Unified Platform for Insulin Delivery and Sensing of Inputs Relevant to an Artificial Pancreas.
abstract: Advances in insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring technology have primarily focused on optimizing glycemic control for people with type 1 diabetes. There remains a need to identify ways to minimize the physical burden of this technology. A unified platform with closely positioned or colocalized interstitial fluid glucose sensing and hormone delivery components is a potential solution. Present challenges to combining these components are interference of glucose sensing from proximate insulin delivery and the large discrepancy between the life span of current insulin infusion sets and glucose sensors. Addressing these concerns is of importance given that the future physical burden of this technology is likely to be even greater with the ongoing development of the artificial pancreas, potentially incorporating multiple hormone delivery, glucose sensing redundancy, and sensing of other clinically relevant nonglucose biochemical inputs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|2 Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|2 Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Sybil A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Catriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.affiliation: 3 Medtronic Inc, Northridge, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|2 Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|4 NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: 3 Medtronic Inc, Northridge, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gayane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voskanyan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|2 Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: O'Neal
mesh_terms: D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000639:trends; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial / Q000639:trends
keywords: artificial pancreas; closed loop; colocalization; continuous glucose monitoring; insulin delivery; unified platform