title: Prototype foamy virus elicits complete autophagy involving the ER stress-related UPR pathway.
abstract: Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is a member of the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily of retroviruses, which maintains lifelong latent infection while being nonpathogenic to their natural hosts. Autophagy is a cell-programmed mechanism that plays a pivotal role in controlling homeostasis and defense against exotic pathogens. However, whether autophagy is the mechanism for host defense in PFV infection has not been investigated.
  
  
  
  Our results revealed that PFV infection induced the accumulation of autophagosomes and triggered complete autophagic flux in BHK-21 cells. PFV infection also altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. The PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 pathways, all of which are components of the ER stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR), were activated in PFV-infected cells. In addition, accelerating autophagy suppressed PFV replication, and inhibition of autophagy promoted viral replication.
  
  
  
  Our data indicate that PFV infection can induce complete autophagy through activating the ER stress-related UPR pathway in BHK-21 cells. In turn, autophagy negatively regulates PFV replication.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Wuhan Ammunition Life Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430206, China.
authors.forename: Lanlan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Biwen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China. liuwanhong@whu.edu.cn.|Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. liuwanhong@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wanhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D016092:Spumavirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D014779:Virus Replication
keywords: Autophagy; ER stress; PFV; Viral replication