title: Childhood and adolescent fish consumption and adult neuropsychological performance: An analysis from the Cape Cod Health Study.
abstract: This exploratory analysis examines the relationship between childhood and adolescent fish consumption and adult neuropsychological performance.
  
  
  
  Data from a retrospective cohort study that assessed fish consumption from age 7 to 18years via questionnaire were analyzed. A subset of the population underwent domain-specific neuropsychological assessment. Functions evaluated included omnibus intelligence, academic achievement, language, visuospatial skills, learning and memory, attention and executive function, fine motor coordination, mood, and motivation to perform.
  
  
  
  Eight towns in the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts, USA, an area characterized by high fish consumption and an active seafood industry.
  
  
  
  A cohort of 1245 subjects was recruited based on Massachusetts birth records from 1969 to 1983. Sixty-five participants from the original cohort underwent neuropsychological testing in adulthood (average age=30years).
  
  
  
  Participant report of consuming fish at least twice per month was associated with better performance on tests of visual learning, memory, and attentional abilities. However, self-report of consuming fish at rates higher than twice per month was not associated with improved abilities. No statistically significant associations were observed between type of fish consumed (e.g., species known to be high in methylmercury content) and test outcomes.
  
  
  
  The results suggest that moderate fish consumption during childhood and adolescence may be associated with some cognitive benefits and that consumption of fish during this exposure window may potentially influence adult neuropsychological performance. Future prospective studies should take into account this time period of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 715 Albany Street, T4W, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 715 Albany Street, T4E, Boston, MA 02118, United States. Electronic address: ljbutler@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Lindsey J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 715 Albany Street, T4W, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Janulewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 715 Albany Street, T4E, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carwile
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 715 Albany Street, T4W, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Roberta F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Data Coordinating Center, Boston University, Medical Campus, 85 East Newton Street, M921, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 715 Albany Street, T4E, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aschengrau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017747:Seafood; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fish consumption; Mercury; Methylmercury; Neuropsychological assessment