title: Effects of different early rehabilitation techniques on haemodynamic and metabolic parameters in sedated patients: protocol for a randomised, single-bind, cross-over trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early rehabilitation has become widespread practice for patients in intensive care; however, the prevalence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness remains high and the majority of physiotherapy is carried out in bed. Several inbed rehabilitation methods exist, but we hypothesise that techniques that provoke muscle contractions are more effective than passive techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised, controlled cross-over study will be carried out to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of early rehabilitation techniques on cardiac output (CO) in sedated patients in intensive care. 20 intubated and sedated patients will undergo 4 10 min rehabilitation sessions. 2 sessions will involve 'passive' techniques based on mobilisations and inbed cycle ergometry and 2 involving electrostimulation of the quadriceps muscle and Functional Electrical Stimulation-cycling (FES-cycling). The primary outcome is CO measured by Doppler ultrasound. The secondary outcomes are right ventricular function, pulmonary systolic arterial pressure, muscle oxygenation and minute ventilation during exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approval has been granted by our Institutional Review Board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Nord-Ouest 3). The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02920684.
authors.affiliation: Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medrinal
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department , Groupe Hospitalier du Havre , Montivilliers , France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Combret
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department , Groupe Hospitalier du Havre , Montivilliers , France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prieur
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit Department , Groupe Hospitalier du Havre , Montivilliers , France.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robledo Quesada
authors.affiliation: ADIR Association , Bois Guillaume , France.
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bonnevie
authors.affiliation: ADIR Association , Bois Guillaume , France.
authors.forename: Francis Edouard
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Gravier
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit Department , Groupe Hospitalier du Havre , Le Havre , France.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Frenoy
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO) , Lausanne , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Contal
authors.affiliation: Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Pulmonology Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France; Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Bouchra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamia
keywords: Assisted Ventilation; Exercise