title: The Pax gene family: Highlights from cephalopods.
abstract: Pax genes play important roles in Metazoan development. Their evolution has been extensively studied but Lophotrochozoa are usually omitted. We addressed the question of Pax paralog diversity in Lophotrochozoa by a thorough review of available databases. The existence of six Pax families (Pax1/9, Pax2/5/8, Pax3/7, Pax4/6, Paxβ, PoxNeuro) was confirmed and the lophotrochozoan Paxβ subfamily was further characterized. Contrary to the pattern reported in chordates, the Pax2/5/8 family is devoid of homeodomain in Lophotrochozoa. Expression patterns of the three main pax classes (pax2/5/8, pax3/7, pax4/6) during Sepia officinalis development showed that Pax roles taken as ancestral and common in metazoans are modified in S. officinalis, most likely due to either the morphological specificities of cephalopods or to their direct development. Some expected expression patterns were missing (e.g. pax6 in the developing retina), and some expressions in unexpected tissues have been found (e.g. pax2/5/8 in dermal tissue and in gills). This study underlines the diversity and functional plasticity of Pax genes and illustrates the difficulty of using probable gene homology as strict indicator of homology between biological structures.
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navet
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Auxane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buresi
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.|Univ. Paris Sorbonne-ESPE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baratte
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andouche
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonnaud-Ponticelli
authors.affiliation: UMR BOREA MNHN/CNRS7208/IRD207/UPMC/UCN/UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.|Univ. Paris Est Créteil-Val de Marne, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6627-7737
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bassaglia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049830:Cephalopoda / Q000235:genetics*; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors