title: Influence of psychological factors on the prognosis of chronic shoulder pain: protocol for a prospective cohort study.
abstract: Shoulder pain is a highly prevalent condition. Psychological factors could play an essential role in the prognosis of chronic shoulder pain (CSP). The aims of the study will be to analyse the level of association between psychological factors and pain-disability at baseline and prospectively to assess their prognostic role; to evaluate the association of pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia at baseline and prospectively in the relationship between pain intensity and disability, or between self-efficacy and disability in patients with CSP; to explore the association of self-efficacy at baseline and prospectively in the relationship between pain intensity and disability, in comparison with kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising.
  
  
  
  The study is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up. It will be conducted in 4 primary-care centres and one hospital of the province of Malaga, Spain. 307 participants aged between 18 and 70 years suffering from CSP (3 months or more) will be included. Primary outcomes will include pain, disability and self-efficacy, whereas kinesiophobia, pain-related fear, pain catastrophising, anxiety, depression, patient expectations of recovery, age, gender, duration/intensity of symptoms, educational level and other factors will be predictive measures.
  
  
  
  baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  
  The local ethics committee (The Costa del Sol Ethics Committee, Malaga, 28042016) has approved this protocol. Dissemination will occur through presentations at National and International conferences and publications in international peer-reviewed journals.
  
  
  
  NCT02738372; pre-results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-Calderon
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Struyf
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.|Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.|Pain in Motion International Research Group, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meeus
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales-Ascencio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luque-Suarez
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: chronic pain; prognosis; psychological factors; shoulder pain