title: Effect of skilled reaching training and enriched environment on generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum.
abstract: Increased motor activity or social interactions through enriched environment are strong stimulators of grey and white matter plasticity in the adult rodent brain. In the present study we evaluated whether specific reaching training of the dominant forelimb (RT) and stimulation of unspecific motor activity through enriched environment (EE) influence the generation of distinct oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum of the adult rat brain. Animals were placed in three different housing conditions: one group was transferred to an EE, a second group received daily RT, whereas a third group remained in the standard cage. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was applied at days 2-6 after start of experiments and animals were allowed to survive for 10 and 42 days.
  
  
  
  Enriched environment and daily reaching training of the dominant forelimb significantly increased the number of newly differentiated GSTπ+oligodendrocytes at day 10 and newly differentiated CNPase+oligodendrocytes in the sensorimotor cortex at day 42. The myelin level as measured by CNPase expression was increased in the frontal cortex at day 42. Distribution of newly differentiated NG2+subpopulations changed between 10 and 42 days with an increase of GSTπ+subtypes and a decrease of NG2+cells in the sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum. Analysis of neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX) showed that more than half of NG2+cells express DCX in the cortex. The number of new DCX+NG2+cells was reduced by EE at day 10.
  
  
  
  Our results indicate for the first time that specific and unspecific motor training conditions differentially alter the process of differentiation from oligodendrocyte subpopulations, in particular NG2+DCX+cells, in the sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum.
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. silke.keiner@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keiner
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niv
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.affiliation: Pneumology, Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schlenker
authors.affiliation: Pneumology, Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Otto W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Redecker
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; D000941:Antigens; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C000714848:Dcx protein, rat
keywords: CNPase; Doublecortin; GSTπ; NG2 cells; Sensorimotor activity