title: Acridine Orange/exosomes increase the delivery and the effectiveness of Acridine Orange in human melanoma cells: A new prototype for theranostics of tumors.
abstract: Specifically targeted drug delivery systems with low immunogenicity and toxicity are deemed to increase efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Acridine Orange (AO) is an acidophilic dye with a strong tumoricidal action following excitation with a light source at 466 nm. However, to date the clinical use of AO is limited by the potential side effects elicited by systemic administration. The endogenous nanocarrier exosomes have been recently introduced as a natural delivery system for therapeutic molecules. In this article, we show the outcome of the administration to human melanoma cells of AO charged Exosomes (Exo-AO), in both monolayer and spheroid models. The results showed an extended drug delivery time of Exo-AO to melanoma cells as compared to the free AO, improving the cytotoxicity of AO. This study shows that Exo-AO have a great potential for a real exploitation as a new theranostic approach against tumors based on AO delivered through the exosomes.
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iessi
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Mariantonia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Logozzi
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lugini
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azzarito
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.affiliation: b SAFU Department , Regina Elena Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico Pierluigi
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Spugnini
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mizzoni
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Raimo
authors.affiliation: c Neuroimmunology Unit , IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.affiliation: c Neuroimmunology Unit , IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Battistini
authors.affiliation: d Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cecchetti
authors.affiliation: a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fais
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D055354:Exosomes; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000165:Acridine Orange
keywords: Acridine Orange; delivery system; exosome; macrophage; theranostics