title: TaRar1Is Involved in Wheat Defense against Stripe Rust Pathogen Mediated byYrSu.
abstract: RAR1 is a eukaryotic zinc-binding protein first identified as required for race-specific resistance to powdery mildew in barley. To study the function of TaRAR1 involvement in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) defense against the infection of stripe rust pathogenPuccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici(Pst), we identified and cloned three wheat homeologous genes highly similar to the barleyHvRar1, designated asTaRar1-2A, TaRar1-2B, andTaRar1-2D. The three TaRAR1 proteins all contain two conserved cysteine-and histidine-rich domains (CHORD-I and -II) shared by known RAR1-like proteins. Characterization ofTaRar1expression revealed that the expression was tissue-specific and up-regulated in wheat during stripe rust infection. Moreover, the transcription ofTaRar1was induced by methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and abscisic acid hormones. The same results were observed with drought and wound treatments. AfterTaRar1was silenced in wheat cultivar Suwon11 containing the stripe rust resistance geneYrSu, the endogenous salicylic acid (SA) level, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and the degree of hypersensitive response (HR) were significantly decreased, and the resistance to the avirulent pathotype of stripe rust was compromised. Meanwhile, the expression of catalase, an enzyme required for H2O2-scavenging, was up-regulated. Taken together, we concluded thatTaRar1is involved in wheat defense against stripe rust mediated byYrSu, and the defense was through SA to influence reactive oxygen species accumulation and HR.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Yaru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Xiping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Mengxin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China; China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
keywords: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; TaRar1; reactive oxygen species; salicylic acid; virus-induced gene silencing