title: Common and separate origins of the left and right inferior phrenic artery with a review of the literature.
abstract: In a 94-year-old male cadaver, upon which routine dissection was being conducted, a rare variation was found in the gastrophrenic trunk (GPT), the common trunk of the left gastric artery (LGA), right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA); the GPT arises from the abdominal aorta. A hepatosplenic trunk accompanied the variation. In this variation, the RIPA first branched from the GPT and then to the LIPA and LGA. Variations in the common trunk of the LIPA and RIPA in the GPT are common, but to our knowledge, a variation (separate inferior phrenic artery in the GPT) similar to our findings has not been previously reported. We discuss the incidence and developmental and clinical significance of this variation with a detailed review of the literature. Knowledge of such a case has important clinical significance for invasive and non-invasive arterial procedures. Therefore, different variations concerning the LGA and inferior phrenic artery should be considered during surgical and non-surgical evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Japan, Japan. terahaya@tokai-u.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terayama
authors.forename: S-Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosemura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakabe
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D047108:Embryonic Development; D000077426:Gastric Artery / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: cadaver; gastrophrenic trunk; inferior phrenic artery; separate left gastric artery; vascular development