title: Progress in Genome Editing Technology and Its Application in Plants.
abstract: Genome editing technology (GET) is a versatile approach that has progressed rapidly as a mechanism to alter the genotype and phenotype of organisms. However, conventional genome modification using GET cannot satisfy current demand for high-efficiency and site-directed mutagenesis, retrofitting of artificial nucleases has developed into a new avenue within this field. Based on mechanisms to recognize target genes, newly-developed GETs can generally be subdivided into three cleavage systems, protein-dependent DNA cleavage systems (i.e., zinc-finger nucleases, ZFN, and transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALEN), RNA-dependent DNA cleavage systems (i.e., clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated proteins, CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cpf1, and CRISPR-C2c1), and RNA-dependent RNA cleavage systems (i.e., RNA interference, RNAi, and CRISPR-C2c2). All these techniques can lead to double-stranded (DSB) or single-stranded breaks (SSB), and result in either random mutations via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or targeted mutation via homologous recombination (HR). Thus, site-directed mutagenesis can be induced via targeted gene knock-out, knock-in, or replacement to modify specific characteristics including morphology-modification, resistance-enhancement, and physiological mechanism-improvement along with plant growth and development. In this paper, an non-comprehensive review on the development of different GETs as applied to plants is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raboanatahiry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang, China.
authors.forename: Maoteng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: CRISPR-C2c1; CRISPR-C2c2; CRISPR-Cas9; CRISPR-Cpf1; Genome editing technology; RNAi; TALEN; ZFN