title: Trajectories of risky drinking around the time of statutory retirement: a longitudinal latent class analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Life transitions such as retirement may influence alcohol consumption, but only a few studies have described this using longitudinal data. We identified patterns and predictors of risky drinking around the time of retirement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study assessing trajectories and predictors of risky drinking among employees entering statutory retirement between 2000 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5805 men and women from the Finnish Public Sector study who responded to questions on alcohol consumption one to three times prior to (w-3, w-2, w-1), and one to three times after (w+1, w+2, w+3) retirement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed trajectories of risky drinking (> 24 units per week among men, > 16 units among women, or an extreme drinking occasion during past year) from pre- to post-retirement, as well as predictors of each alcohol consumption trajectory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three trajectories were identified: sustained healthy drinking (81% of participants), temporary increase in risky drinking around retirement (12%) and slowly declining risky drinking after retirement (7%). The strongest pre-retirement predictors for belonging to the group of temporary increase in risky drinking were current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70-5.64], male sex (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.16-3.55), depression (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.05-1.99) and work-place in the metropolitan area (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.00-1.66). Compared with the slowly declining risky drinking group, the temporary increase in risky drinking group was characterized by lower occupational status and education, and work-place outside the metropolitan area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Finland, approximately 12% of people who reach retirement age experience a temporary increase in alcohol consumption to risky levels, while approximately 7% experience a slow decline in risky levels of alcohol consumption. Male gender, smoking, being depressed and working in a metropolitan area are associated with increased likelihood of increased alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.affiliation: University of Turku, Department of Public Health, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|University of Tampere, Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Science), Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stenholm
authors.affiliation: University of Turku, Department of Public Health, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulakka
authors.affiliation: Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aalto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lallukka
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.affiliation: University of Turku, Department of Public Health, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, UK.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012309:Risk-Taking
keywords: Ageing; alcohol; cohort; retirement; risky drinking; trajectory