title: Heart rate responses induced by acoustic tempo and its interaction with basal heart rate.
abstract: Many studies have revealed the influences of music on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Since previous studies focused on the effects of acoustic tempo on the ANS, and humans have their own physiological oscillations such as the heart rate (HR), the effects of acoustic tempo might depend on the HR. Here we show the relationship between HR elevation induced by acoustic tempo and individual basal HR. Since high tempo-induced HR elevation requires fast respiration, which is based on sympatho-respiratory coupling, we controlled the participants' respiration at a faster rate (20 CPM) than usual (15 CPM). We found that sound stimuli with a faster tempo than the individual basal HR increased the HR. However, the HR increased following a gradual increase in the acoustic tempo only when the extent of the gradual increase in tempo was within a specific range (around + 2%/min). The HR did not follow the increase in acoustic tempo when the rate of the increase in the acoustic tempo exceeded 3% per minute. These results suggest that the effect of the sympatho-respiratory coupling underlying the HR elevation caused by a high acoustic tempo depends on the basal HR, and the strength and the temporal dynamics of the tempo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ooishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.|NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.|Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST, JST), Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashino
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012119:Respiration; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D013016:Sound; D055815:Young Adult