title: Determinants of Dropout and Nonadherence in a Dementia Prevention Randomized Controlled Trial: The Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore and compare sociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychiatric determinants of dropout and nonadherence in older people participating in an open-label cluster-randomized controlled trial-the Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular care (preDIVA) trial-over 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixteen general practices in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling individuals aged 70 to 78 (N = 2,994).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurse-led multidomain intervention targeting cardiovascular risk factors to prevent dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The associations between participant baseline sociodemographic (age, sex, education), clinical (medical history, disability, cardiovascular risk), neuropsychiatric (depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-15), and cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination)) characteristics and dropout from the trial and nonadherence to the trial intervention were explored using multilevel logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older age, poorer cognitive function, more symptoms of depression, and greater disability were the most important determinants of dropout of older people. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors was not associated with dropout but was associated with nonadherence. Being overweight was a risk factor for nonadherence, whereas people with high blood pressure or a low level of physical exercise adhered better to the intervention. The association between poorer cognitive function and symptoms of depression and dropout was stronger in the control group than in the intervention group, and vice versa for increased disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large dementia prevention trial with 6-year follow-up, dropout was associated with older age, poorer cognitive function, symptoms of depression, and disability at baseline. These findings can help to guide the design of future dementia prevention trials in older adults. The associations found between cardiovascular risk factors and nonadherence need to be confirmed in other older populations receiving cardiovascular prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cathrien R L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-0723
authors.initials: CRL
authors.lastname: Beishuizen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR1027, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Moll van Charante
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Gool
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Donders Centre for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR1027, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrieu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003704:Dementia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D016903:Drug Monitoring
keywords: aged; dementia prevention; dropout; nonadherence; randomized controlled trial