title: Neurogenic pathways in remote ischemic preconditioning induced cardioprotection: Evidences and possible mechanisms.
abstract: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intrinsic phenomenon whereby 3~4 consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles to a remote tissue (noncardiac) increases the tolerance of the myocardium to sustained ischemiareperfusion induced injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning induces the local release of chemical mediators which activate the sensory nerve endings to convey signals to the brain. The latter consequently stimulates the efferent nerve endings innervating the myocardium to induce cardioprotection. Indeed, RIPC-induced cardioprotective effects are reliant on the presence of intact neuronal pathways, which has been confirmed using nerve resection of nerves including femoral nerve, vagus nerve, and sciatic nerve. The involvement of neurogenic signaling has been further substantiated using various pharmacological modulators including hexamethonium and trimetaphan. The present review focuses on the potential involvement of neurogenic pathways in mediating remote ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
authors.forename: Amritpal Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Aulakh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
authors.forename: Puneet Kaur
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Randhawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
authors.forename: Amteshwar Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jaggi
keywords: Cardioprotection; Femoral nerve; Neurogenic; Remote preconditioning; Sciatic nerve