title: Tentative Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds in the Male Flowers of Phoenix dactylifera by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry and DFT.
abstract: Phoenix dacyliferais an ancient palm species rich in (poly)phenols. These phenolic compounds were tentatively identified by using liquid chromatography coupled with ion spray mass spectrometry in tandem mode (LC/MS/MS) with negative ion detection. Negative identification of the compounds was based on their retention times and mass spectra in full scan mode (MS), and in different MS/MS modes. For the first time, complete hypothesis, and routs for bothp-coumaroylshikimic acids (CoSA) and caffeoylshikimic acids (CSA) were suggested and confirmed by Density Fonctional Theory (DFT) study. Notably, of the 53 compounds characterized, 19 hydroxycinnamates derivatives were tentativelycharacterized in male flowers of date palm and 15 of them were recorded for the first time. In addition, five organic acids, six B-type proanthocyanidins, two anthocyanidin and 21 flavonoid derivatives have been tentatively characterized. Identification of B-type proanthocyanidins were based on the diagnostic ions resulting from heterocyclic ring fission (HRF) and retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction of flavan-3-ol provided information on the hydroxylation pattern and the type of inter-flavan bond proanthocyanidins. The sequence of proanthocyanidins was detected through ions extracted from quinone methide (QM) cleavage of the inter-flavan bond.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, 51921 Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia. ben-said.ridha@laposte.net.|Physico-Chimie des Matériaux à l'état condensé, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia. ben-said.ridha@laposte.net.
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben Said
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, 51921 Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia. arafahamed75@yahoo.com.|Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State of Research Institute, ul. CzatRoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. arafahamed75@yahoo.com.|Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt. arafahamed75@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Arafa I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt. mahalel71@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Usam A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Mahalel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, 51921 Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia. asaaied@qu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Abdullah Sulaiman
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Ayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State of Research Institute, ul. CzatRoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. mkowalczyk@iung.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State of Research Institute, ul. CzatRoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. jmoldoch@iung.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moldoch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State of Research Institute, ul. CzatRoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. wo@iung.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: Wieslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oleszek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State of Research Institute, ul. CzatRoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. asf@iung.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stochmal
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015394:Molecular Structure; D065749:Phoeniceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D059808:Polyphenols; D012765:Shikimic Acid
keywords: Density Fonctional Theory (DFT); Phoenix dactylifera; caffeoylshikimic acids; electrospray ionization; mass spectrometry; p-coumaroylshikimic acids