title: Profile differences in tetrodotoxin transfer to skin and liver in the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes.
abstract: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was intramuscularly administered to nontoxic cultured specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes to investigate differences in the toxin transfer and accumulation profiles between the skin and liver. Test fish were administered TTX at doses of 30 (Low dose; LD), 100 (Medium dose; MD), and 300 (High dose; HD) μg/individual, respectively. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for TTX revealed that the TTX concentration in both the skin (0.48-1.7 μg/g) and liver (0.43-6.0 μg/g) at 24 h after the toxin administration increased with an increase in the dose. The TTX accumulation ratio (ratio (%) of accumulated TTX in each tissue (μg/tissue) to the administered dose (μg/individual)) of the skin (11.1-38.6) significantly decreased with an increase in the dose, whereas that of the liver (18.4-21.3) was almost constant irrespective of the dose. Immunohistochemical observations of the skin sections revealed TTX-positive signals in basal cells in LD, but as the dose increased, TTX-positive signals were also observed in the epidermis. In the liver sections, TTX-positive signals were rarely observed in LD and MD, but the TTX was distributed throughout the liver tissue in HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-7-1 Nagatahonmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan. Electronic address: tatsuno@fish-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatsuno
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ibi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Kogen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.affiliation: Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan.
authors.forename: Gregory Naoki
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takatani
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D023741:Takifugu / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013779:Tetrodotoxin
keywords: Intramuscularly administration; Pufferfish; Takifugu rubripes; Tetrodotoxin (TTX)