title: The Multifunctional Role of the Chemokine System in Arthritogenic Processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The involvement of chemokines and their receptors in the genesis and perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and osteoarthritis has been clearly recognized for a long time. Nevertheless, the complexity of their contribution to these diseases is now becoming evident and this review focuses on published evidence on their mechanism of action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies performed on patients and in vivo models have identified a number of chemokine-mediated pathways involved in various aspects of arthritogenic processes. Chemokines promote leukocyte infiltration and activation, angiogenesis, osteoclast differentiation, and synoviocyte proliferation and activation and participate to the generation of pain by regulating the release of neurotransmitters. A number of chemokines are expressed in a timely controlled fashion in the joint during arthropathies, regulating all the aspects of inflammation as well as the equilibrium between damage and repair and between relief and pain. Thus, the targeting of specific chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions is considered a promising tool for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Universita' di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy.|IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.affiliation: Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benigni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scrivo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Roma, Italy. guido.valesini@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Universita' di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Roma, Italy. angela.santoni@uniroma1.it.|IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. angela.santoni@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoni
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D010146:Pain / Q000276:immunology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine
keywords: Chemokines; Neuropathic pain; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Spondyloarthritis; Synovitis; Therapeutic targeting