title: Cerium oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis and biological applications.
abstract: CeO2nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising approaches as therapeutic agents in biology and medical sciences. The physicochemical properties of CeO2-NPs, such as size, agglomeration status in liquid, and surface charge, play important roles in the ultimate interactions of the NP with target cells. Recently, CeO2-NPs have been synthesized through several bio-directed methods applying natural and organic matrices as stabilizing agents in order to prepare biocompatible CeO2-NPs, thereby solving the challenges regarding safety, and providing the appropriate situation for their effective use in biomedicine. This review discusses the different green strategies for CeO2-NPs synthesis, their advantages and challenges that are to be overcome. In addition, this review focuses on recent progress in the potential application of CeO2-NPs in biological and medical fields. Exploiting biocompatible CeO2-NPs may improve outcomes profoundly with the promise of effective neurodegenerative therapy and multiple applications in nanobiotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charbgoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mansor Bin
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darroudi
mesh_terms: D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D004798:Enzymes; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
keywords: biocompatibility; cerium oxide nanoparticles; green synthesis; morphology; size; surface Ce3+