title: Experimental Evaluation of Kidney Regeneration by Organ Scaffold Recellularization.
abstract: The rising number of patients needing renal replacement therapy, alongside the significant clinical and economic limitations of current therapies, creates an imperative need for new strategies to treat kidney diseases. Kidney bioengineering through the production of acellular scaffolds and recellularization with stem cells is one potential strategy. While protocols for obtaining organ scaffolds have been developed successfully, scaffold recellularization is more challenging. We evaluated the potential of in vivo and in vitro kidney scaffold recellularization procedures. Our results show that acellular scaffolds implanted in rats cannot be repopulated with host cells, and in vitro recellularization is necessary. However, we obtained very limited and inconsistent cell seeding when using different infusion protocols, regardless of injection site. We also obtained experimental and theoretical data indicating that uniform cell delivery into the kidney scaffolds cannot be obtained using these infusion protocols, due to the permeability of the extracellular matrix of the scaffold. Our results highlight the major physical barriers that limit in vitro recellularization of acellular kidney scaffolds and the obstacles that must be investigated to effectively advance this strategy for regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.|Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5 - 24044 Dalmine Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figliuzzi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonandrini
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silvani
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azzollini
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nossa
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Ariela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benigni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori Via Stezzano 87 - 24126 Bergamo, Italy.|Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Piazza OMS 1 - 24127 Bergamo, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7 -20122 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D007668:Kidney; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds