title: The Effect of Tinnitus on Listening Effort in Normal-Hearing Young Adults: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic tinnitus on listening effort.
  
  
  
  Thirteen normal-hearing young adults with chronic tinnitus were matched with a control group for age, gender, hearing thresholds, and educational level. A dual-task paradigm was used to evaluate listening effort in different listening conditions. A primary speech-recognition task and a secondary memory task were performed both separately and simultaneously. Furthermore, subjective listening effort was questioned for various listening situations. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory was used to control for tinnitus handicap.
  
  
  
  Listening effort significantly increased in the tinnitus group across listening conditions. There was no significant difference in listening effort between listening conditions, nor was there an interaction between groups and listening conditions. Subjective listening effort did not significantly differ between both groups.
  
  
  
  This study is a first exploration of listening effort in normal-hearing participants with chronic tinnitus showing that listening effort is increased as compared with a control group. There is a need to further investigate the cognitive functions important for speech understanding and their possible relation with the presence of tinnitus and listening effort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Degeest
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keppler
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumFaculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corthals
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological; D013067:Speech Perception; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000523:psychology; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult