title: Controls on Methane Occurrences in Aquifers Overlying the Eagle Ford Shale Play, South Texas.
abstract: Assessing natural vs. anthropogenic sources of methane in drinking water aquifers is a critical issue in areas of shale oil and gas production. The objective of this study was to determine controls on methane occurrences in aquifers in the Eagle Ford Shale play footprint. A total of 110 water wells were tested for dissolved light alkanes, isotopes of methane, and major ions, mostly in the eastern section of the play. Multiple aquifers were sampled with approximately 47 samples from the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer (250-1200 m depth range) and Queen City-Sparta Aquifer (150-900 m depth range) and 63 samples from other shallow aquifers but mostly from the Catahoula Formation (depth <150 m). Besides three shallow wells with unambiguously microbial methane, only deeper wells show significant dissolved methane (22 samples >1 mg/L, 10 samples >10 mg/L). No dissolved methane samples exhibit thermogenic characteristics that would link them unequivocally to oil and gas sourced from the Eagle Ford Shale. In particular, the well water samples contain very little or no ethane and propane (C1/C2+C3 molar ratio >453), unlike what would be expected in an oil province, but they also display relatively heavier δ13Cmethane(>-55‰) and δDmethane(>-180‰). Samples from the deeper Carrizo and Queen City aquifers are consistent with microbial methane sourced from syndepositional organic matter mixed with thermogenic methane input, most likely originating from deeper oil reservoirs and migrating through fault zones. Active oxidation of methane pushes δ13Cmethaneand δDmethanetoward heavier values, whereas the thermogenic gas component is enriched with methane owing to a long migration path resulting in a higher C1/C2+C3 ratio than in the local reservoirs.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nicot
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX.|Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2305 Speedway, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Toti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Darvari
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mickler
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uhlman
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costley
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater; D008697:Methane; D013781:Texas; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008697:Methane