title: Ambient levels of concentrated PM2.5 affects cell kinetics in adrenal glands: an experimental study in mice.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of air pollution on the adrenal cortex using 30 female mice divided into two groups of fifteen animals each. One group was conditioned daily in a chamber with exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 μm (GExp). Animals were exposed on daily basis in an ambient particles concentrator during the period of time enough to reach an accumulated dose of 600 μg/m3, which corresponds to a 24-h exposure of 25 μg/m3that approximates to the annual mean of PM2.5 in São Paulo. The other group was allocated to another chamber with filtered air (GCrt). After euthanasia, the adrenals underwent histological processing and immunohistochemistry staining for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. Histomorphometry of the adrenal glands in GExp showed increased thickness of the zona glomerulosa, while in GCrt; the adrenal glands from GExp had higher Ki-67 immunostaining scores in the zona reticularis than those from GCrt. The adrenal from GExp showed higher cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the zona fasciculata than the unexposed group (GCrt). The homeostasis index indicated higher cell proliferation in the zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis in GExp than in GCrt. Our data indicate that PM2.5 air pollution induces alterations on cell kinetics in mouse adrenal glands.
authors.affiliation: a Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 58) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Portugal
authors.initials: LFP
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Patologia , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-05) , São Paulo , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Mariana Matera
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Veras
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Patologia , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-05) , São Paulo , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Paulo Hilário Nascimento
authors.initials: PHN
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.affiliation: c Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisela Rodrigues da Silva
authors.initials: GRDS
authors.lastname: Sasso
authors.affiliation: a Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 58) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Cândido
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: c Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuel de Jesus
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: a Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 58) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: a Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 58) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Edmund Chada
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Adrenal; PM2.5; mouse; traffic; urban pollution