title: Crucial roles of reactive chemical species in modification of respiratory syncytial virus by nitrogen gas plasma.
abstract: The exact mechanisms by which nanoparticles, especially those composed of soft materials, are modified by gas plasma remain unclear. Here, we used respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which has a diameter of 80-350nm, as a model system to identify important factors for gas plasma modification of nanoparticles composed of soft materials. Nitrogen gas plasma, generated by applying a short high-voltage pulse using a static induction (SI) thyristor power supply produced reactive chemical species (RCS) and caused virus inactivation. The plasma treatment altered the viral genomic RNA, while treatment with a relatively low concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which is a neutral chemical species among RCS, effectively inactivated the virus. Furthermore, a zero dimensional kinetic global model of the reaction scheme during gas plasma generation identified the production of various RCS, including neutral chemical species. Our findings suggest the nitrogen gas plasma generates RCS, including neutral species that damage the viral genomic RNA, leading to virus inactivation. Thus, RCS generated by gas plasma appears to be crucial for virus inactivation, suggesting this may constitute an important factor in terms of the efficient modification of nanoparticles composed of soft materials.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. Electronic address: sakudo@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akikazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakudo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyokawa
authors.affiliation: NGK Insulators Ltd., Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D012367:RNA, Viral; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Gas plasma; Inactivation; Interaction; Modification; Nanoparticle; Reactive chemical species