title: Gender differences in patients with venous thromboembolism and five common sites of cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome of cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) may differ according to gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the RIETE database to compare the rate of VTE recurrences, major bleeding and mortality in patients with lung, colorectal, pancreatic, hematologic or gastric cancer during the course of anticoagulation, according to gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As of January 2016, 11,055 patients with active cancer were enrolled: 1,727 had lung cancer, 1,592 colorectal, 840 hematologic, 517 pancreatic and 459 had gastric cancer. Compared with men (N = 3,130), women (N = 2,005) were more likely to have colorectal, pancreatic or hematologic cancer, and less likely to have lung cancer. Most patients (91%) were initially treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), but women received higher daily doses per body weight. Then, 66% kept receiving LMWH for long-term therapy. During the course of anticoagulation, 302 patients developed recurrent VTE, 220 bled and 1,749 died. Compared with men, women had a similar rate of VTE recurrences or major bleeding, and a lower mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). When separately comparing outcomes according to cancer site, women with lung cancer had a lower mortality (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70-0.92), those with colorectal cancer had a higher mortality (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.02-1.54) and those with gastric cancer had a higher rate of VTE recurrences than men (RR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.04-5.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VTE women with lung, colorectal, pancreatic, haematological or gastric cancer experienced a similar outcome during the course of anticoagulant therapy than men with similar cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martín-Martos
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Toro
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bura-Riviere
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barillari
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Olot i Comarcal de la Garrotxa, Gerona, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes (APHP), University Paris 7, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mahè
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan Carles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sahuquillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona, Barcelona, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: mmonreal.germanstrias@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monreal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
keywords: Anticoagulant drugs; Cancer; Gender; Hemorrhage; Mortality; Recurrence; Venous thromboembolism