title: Biochemical responses and physical performance during high-intensity resistance circuit training in hypoxia and normoxia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hypoxia on metabolic and acid-base balance, blood oxygenation, electrolyte, and half-squat performance variables during high-resistance circuit (HRC) training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve resistance-trained subjects participated in this study. After a 6RM testing session, participants performed three randomized trials of HRC: normoxia (NORM: FiO2= 0.21), moderate hypoxia (MH: FiO2= 0.16), or high hypoxia (HH: FiO2= 0.13), separated by 72 h of recovery in normoxic conditions. HRC consisted of two blocks of three exercises (Block 1: bench press, deadlift and elbow flexion; Block 2: half-squat, triceps extension, and ankle extension). Each exercise was performed at 6RM. Rest periods lasted for 35 s between exercises, 3 min between sets, and 5 min between blocks. Peak and mean force and power were determined during half-squat. Metabolic, acid-base balance, blood oxygenation and electrolyte variables, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured following each block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first set, peak force and power were significantly lower in HH than MH and NORM; whereas in the second set, mean and peak force and power were significantly lower in HH than NORM. At the end of the HRC training session, blood lactate and RPE in HH were significantly higher than in MH and NORM. SaO2, pH, HCO3-, and pO2values were significantly lower in all hypoxic conditions than in NORM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that simulated hypoxia during HRC exercise reduce blood oxygenation, pH, and HCO3-,and increased blood lactate ultimately decreasing muscular performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. domingojesusramos@gmail.com.|UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Murcia, Spain. domingojesusramos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Domingo J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-4244
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ramos-Campo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.|UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jacobo A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rubio-Arias
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Strasbourg, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.|UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ávila-Gandía
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.|UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D055070:Resistance Training; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: HRC; Hypoxic; Lactate; Power; Resistance training