title: Protective effect of medicinal fungus Xylaria nigripes mycelia extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
abstract: Xylaria nigripes ( XN) is a medicinal fungus that was used traditionally as a diuretic, nerve tonic, and for treating insomnia and trauma. In this study, we elucidated possible mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of XN mycelia extracts. XN mycelia were produced by fermentation. Hot water extract and 70% ethanol extract of XN mycelia were evaluated on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in PC12, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Both XN extracts effectively protected PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cell damage by inhibiting release of lactate dehydrogenase, decreasing DNA damage, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, and arresting abnormal apoptosis through upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and caspase 3. Compared to water extract, ethanol extract showed not only greater neuroprotective effects but also a higher antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing power. High phenolic content and antioxidant activity may provide the neuroprotective properties of XN ethanol extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan).
authors.forename: Rupesh D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Divate
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan).
authors.forename: Pei-Ming
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan).
authors.forename: Chiun-Chuang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan).
authors.forename: Su-Tze
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan).
authors.forename: Chen-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan).
authors.forename: Yun-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013098:Xylariales
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D005419:Flavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010636:Phenols; D011134:Polysaccharides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: PC12 cells; Xylaria nigripes; antioxidant; apoptosis; mitochondrial membrane potential; neuroprotection