title: Nervous system disruption and swimming abnormality in early-hatched pufferfish (Takifugu niphobles) larvae caused by pyrene is independent of aryl hydrocarbon receptors.
abstract: Pyrene, a member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contributes to abnormality in the size of the brain and the swimming behavior of pufferfish (Takifugu niphobles) larvae. We hypothesized that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) may mediate pyrene-induced toxic effects because AHR is assumed to be a candidate for the downstream target of PAHs in many cases. To identify the contribution of AHR on developing pufferfish, we performed exposure experiments using β-naphthoflavone, an agonist of AHR. We found that the toxic effects of pyrene and β-naphthoflavone in pufferfish larvae are fundamentally different. Pyrene specifically induced problems in the developing midbrain and in swimming behavior, while β-naphthoflavone affected the heartbeat rate and the size of the yolk. These results suggest that the behavioral and morphological abnormality caused by pyrene exposure is mediated by an AHR-independent pathway. Alternatively, defects caused by pyrene may be attributed to the inhibition of the FGF signal.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoyama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan.
authors.forename: Moe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.affiliation: Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan. Electronic address: murakami.yasunori.mu@ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D009420:Nervous System; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D011758:Pyrroles; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000819:agonists*; D013550:Swimming; D023741:Takifugu; D019324:beta-Naphthoflavone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D011758:Pyrroles; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; C105686:SU 5402; D019324:beta-Naphthoflavone; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C030984:pyrene
keywords: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Behavior; Nervous system; Pyrene; Teleosts; β-Naphthoflavone