title: The role of screening expectations in modifying short-term psychological responses to low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening among high-risk individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the relationship between pre-screening expectations and psychological responses to low-dose computerised tomography (LDCT) screening among high-risk individuals in the United Kingdom Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) pilot trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to screening, high-risk individuals randomised into the intervention arm of the UKLS were asked about their expected screening test result. Their actual LDCT scan result was compared with their baseline screening expectation to determine the level of congruence. Levels of concern about and perceived accuracy of the result were assessed in a questionnaire two weeks following receipt of their test result.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 1589 participants. Regardless of their expected results, patients who required follow-up investigations after their initial LDCT scan were the most concerned about their result (p<0.001). Participants who expected to require follow-up, but did not need it, perceived the test to be least accurate (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung cancer screening participants who require follow-up or who have unexpected negative results can be identified for supportive interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings can be used to ensure that any future LDCT lung cancer screening programme is tailored to identify and support those high-risk individuals who may benefit from additional help.
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London,UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brain
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Electronic address: LiffordKJ@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kate J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lifford
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Cue adaptive reasoning account; Lung cancer; Lung cancer screening; Screening expectations