title: Evaluation of the protective effect of pentoxifylline on carrageenan-induced chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in rats.
abstract: Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) is the most common type of prostatitis and oxidative stress (OS) was shown to be highly elevated in prostatitis patients. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on CNP induced by carrageenan in rats. Male adult Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into control, CNP and three treatment groups (n = 6) including CNP + cernilton and CNP + PTX groups. CNP was induced by single intraprostatic injection of 1% carrageenan (100 µl). Rats in treatment groups received orally cernilton 100 mg/kg and PTX at 50 and 100 mg/kg 1 week after CNP induction for 21 days. Prostatic index (PI), prostatic specific antigen (PSA), tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), serum lipid peroxidation (MDA), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and histopathological changes were compared between groups. There were significant increase of PI, serum levels of PSA, TNF-α and MDA in CNP group at 29 day. In treatment groups, significant reduction in PI, serum levels of PSA, TNF-α, MDA and creatinine was observed especially in rats treated with dose of 50 mg/kg of PTX. In CNP group, histopathological changes of the prostate such as leucocyte infiltration, large involutions and projection into the lumen and reducing the volume of the lumen were observed as well. Whereas PTX, especially at dose of 50 mg/kg, could improve the above-mentioned changes remarkably in CNP treated rats. For the first time, our findings indicated that PTX improved CNP induced by carrageenan in rats.
authors.affiliation: Semnan University of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboobeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajighorbani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. ahmadi.hamedani@semnan.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadi-Hamedani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahab
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayati
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Khatereh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kafshdoozan
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Keivan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keramati
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012434:Secale; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C010070:cernilton; D002351:Carrageenan; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis; Oxidative stress; Pentoxifylline; TNF-α