title: A Phase 1 Trial of Cabazitaxel Combined With 188Re-Hydroxyethylidene Diphosphonate in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Who Progressed on or After a Docetaxel-Containing Treatment: The ReCab Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, such as Re-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP), are effective for pain palliation and have a marked antitumor effect. Cabazitaxel is the standard second-line chemotherapy for mCRPC patients. We performed a phase 1 study investigating the safety and feasibility of the combined treatment with Re-HEDP and cabazitaxel in mCRPC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with mCRPC and documented disease progression on or after docetaxel were eligible for inclusion. In both dose levels, cabazitaxel (4 cycles of cabazitaxel 25 mg/m + 2 cycles of cabazitaxel 20 mg/m in level 1, and 6 cycles of cabazitaxel 25 mg/m in level 2) were combined with 2 cycles of Re-HEDP 40 MBq/kg (1.1 mCi/kg) (after the second and fourth cabazitaxel cycles). Three patients were planned for each dose level, expanding to 6 patients in case of a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). A DLT is defined as any grade 4 toxicity, or grade 3 toxicity delaying the next treatment cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients were included, of whom 3 had progressive disease before the third cycle of cabazitaxel. In total, 1 DLT occurred (dose level 1) after treatment cycle 6 (Re-HEDP) (thrombopenia grade 3 delaying the next treatment cycle). The cohort was expanded to 6 patients, with no further DLTs. No DLT occurred in dose level 2. The most important adverse events were of hematologic origin, followed by mild fatigue and diarrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy with cabazitaxel and Re-HEDP is feasible and generally well tolerated with similar hematologic toxicity compared with cabazitaxel monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; †Department of Medical Oncology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort; ‡Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht; and §Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Dodewaard-de Jong
authors.forename: Esther W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Bouman-Wammes
authors.forename: Haiko J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bloemendal
authors.forename: Henk M W
authors.initials: HMW
authors.lastname: Verheul
authors.forename: John M H
authors.initials: JMH
authors.lastname: de Klerk
authors.forename: Alfons J M
authors.initials: AJM
authors.lastname: van den Eertwegh
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D000077143:Docetaxel; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D043823:Taxoids; C101598:rhenium-186 HEDP; D000077143:Docetaxel; C552428:cabazitaxel; D012968:Etidronic Acid