title: Biological Effects of Provisional Resin Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity as well as the proinflammatory cytokine expression of provisional resin materials on primary cultured human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five commercially available provisional resin materials were chosen (SNAP [SN], Luxatemp [LT], Jet [JE], Revotek LC [RL], and Vipi block [VB]). Eluates that were either polymerizing or already set were added to hDPSCs under serially diluted conditions divided into three different setting times (25% set, 50% set, and 100% set) and incubated for 24 hours with 2× concentrated culture media. Cell cytotoxicity tests were performed by LDH assay and live and dead confocal microscope images. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in SN and VB was measured using cytokine antibody arrays. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) or ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytotoxicity greater than 30% was observed in the 50% diluted culture in SN, LT, and JE in the already set stage (p<0.05), while it was detected in SN and LT in early or intermediate stage samples. The cytotoxicity of SN, JE, and LT was greater with eluates from the polymerizing phase compared to that from already set samples (p<0.05), as observed by live and dead images. On the other hand, RL and VB did not exhibit cytotoxicity greater than 30%. Proinflammatory cytokines were not detected in 12.5% diluted culture with eluates from VB and early set stage SN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eluates from chemical-activated provisional resin materials during polymerization (SN, LT, and JE) were cytotoxic to hDPSCs and may adversely affect pulp tissue.
authors.forename: S-K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D016207:Cytokines; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C505099:Revotec LC; C098586:luxatemp; C069716:Jet, dental resin; C091347:vinyl ethyl methacrylate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate