title: Re-mineralizing dentin using an experimental tricalcium silicate cement with biomimetic analogs.
abstract: To characterize the re-mineralization potential of an experimental zirconium oxide (ZrO2) containing tricalcium silicate (TCS) cement, TCS 50, with the incorporation of biomimetic analogs at demineralized dentin.
  
  
  
  Class-I cavities were prepared in non- carious human third molars. The dentin cavities were demineralized using a pH-cycling protocol, involving 50 cyclic immersions in pH-4.8 and pH-7 baths for 0.5h and 2.5h, successively. The cavities were filled with TCS 50 with/without biomimetic analogs (3% polyacrylic acid, 8% sodium trimetaphosphate) being added to the mixed TCS 50 cement prior to application. The commercial hCSCs Biodentine (Septodont) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Sirona) served as controls. After 1 and 6 weeks storage in simulated body fluid (SBF), the polished specimen cross-sections were chemically characterized using a field-emission-gun Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (Feg- EPMA).
  
  
  
  EPMA line-scans and elemental mappings confirmed early re-mineralization induced by TCS 50 at 1 week. When biomimetic analogs were added to TCS 50, re-mineralization was more efficient after 6 weeks; the relative depth and intensity of re-mineralization were 79.7% and 76.6%, respectively, being significantly greater than at 1 week (pSignificance: The experimental TCS-based cement, TCS 50, proved to be capable of re-mineralizing artificially demineralized dentin. The incorporation of biomimetic analogs promoted re- mineralization upon 6-week SBF storage. However, re-mineralization appeared incomplete, this even for TCS 50 to which biomimetic analogs were added and upon 6-week SBF storage.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Munck
authors.affiliation: Okayama University Hospital, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedano
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Landuyt
authors.affiliation: Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: bart.vanmeerbeek@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D032701:Biomimetics; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003804:Dentin; D006801:Humans; D017640:Silicates
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; C506393:tricalcium silicate
keywords: Biomimetic analogs; EPMA; Re-mineralization; Tricalcium silicate