title: Statin prescribing for people with severe mental illnesses: a staggered cohort study of 'real-world' impacts.
abstract: To estimate the 'real-world effectiveness of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and for lipid modification in people with severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
  
  
  
  Series of staggered cohorts. We estimated the effect of statin prescribing on CVD outcomes using a multivariable Poisson regression model or linear regression for cholesterol outcomes.
  
  
  
  587 general practice (GP) surgeries across the UK reporting data to The Health Improvement Network.
  
  
  
  All permanently registered GP patients aged 40-84 years between 2002 and 2012 who had a diagnosis of SMI. Exclusion criteria were pre-existing CVD, statin-contraindicating conditions or a statin prescription within the 24 months prior to the study start.
  
  
  
  One or more statin prescriptions during a 24-month 'baseline' period (vs no statin prescription during the same period).
  
  
  
  The primary outcome was combined first myocardial infarction and stroke. All-cause mortality and total cholesterol concentration were secondary outcomes.
  
  
  
  We identified 2944 statin users and 42 886 statin non-users across the staggered cohorts. Statin prescribing was not associated with significant reduction in CVD events (incident rate ratio 0.89; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) or all-cause mortality (0.89; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02). Statin prescribing was, however, associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol of 1.2 mmol/L (95% CI 1.1 to 1.3) for up to 2 years after adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics. On average, total cholesterol decreased from 6.3 to 4.6 in statin users and 5.4 to 5.3 mmol/L in non-users.
  
  
  
  We found that statin prescribing to people with SMI in UK primary care was effective for lipid modification but not CVD events. The latter finding may reflect insufficient power to detect a smaller effect size than that observed in randomised controlled trials of statins in people without SMI.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.affiliation: Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2173-2430
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falcaro
authors.affiliation: Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nazareth
authors.affiliation: Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: CARDIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MENTAL HEALTH