title: Dimensions of operational stress and forms of unacceptable risk taking with small arms and munitions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accidents with small arms and munitions during deployment is a significant safety concern for leaders and safety specialists in combat units. Operational stress may lead to forms of unacceptable risk taking with small arms that may underlie some of these accidents. The present research studied the correlation between two dimensions of operational stress, two forms of risk taking with small arms among combat unit soldiers and possible mediators. The dimensions of operational threat, negative affect and personality profile from the EPQ-R-S were predictors; "exaggerated preparedness" and "risky games with small arms and munitions" were dependent variables; safety climate of the platoon served as a mediator variable. The participants were 461 compulsory service combat soldiers in 31 companies. This field study was conducted during period of top security alert.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results reveal that perceived threat is indeed correlated with exaggerated operational preparedness whereas general emotional state was correlated with risky games with small arms. Safety climate mediated only the correlation between general emotional state and risky games with small arms and munitions. Preparedness and risky games were predicted by the interaction of Psychoticism and the Lie Scale from the EPQ-R-S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results may enhance the efforts in reducing risk taking and prevention of accidents with small arms and munitions during and following deployment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700 Israel.
authors.forename: Uzi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ben-Shalom
keywords: Operational stress; Personality profile; Risk-taking; Safety climate; Small arms and munitions