title: Glycomacropeptide Attenuates Inflammation, Pruritus, and Th2 Response Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Rat.
abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, whose incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. The epicutaneous application of a hapten, such as 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), evokes an experimental murine AD-like reaction. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a dairy bioactive peptide derived from hydrolysis ofκ-casein by chymosin action. It has anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and immunomodulatory effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of GMP administration on DNCB-induced AD in rats. The severity of inflammatory process, pruritus, production of cytokines, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) content were measured, and the histopathological features were analyzed. GMP reduced the intensity of inflammatory process and edema of DNCB-induced dermatitis, with a significant decrease in eosinophils recruitment and mast cells hyperplasia. In addition GMP suppressed the serum levels of total IgE and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in AD-lesions. Besides, the levels of IL-10 were significantly increased. Remarkably, GMP administration before AD-induction abolished pruritus in dermatitis-like reactions in the rats. Taken together, these results indicate that GMP has an inhibitory effect on AD by downregulating Th2 dominant immune response, suggesting GMP as a potential effective alternative therapy for the prevention and management of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fabiola Carolina
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maritza Montserrat
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5535-3300
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cervantes-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ventura-Juárez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, 20131 Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3570-7255
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salinas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004804:Eosinophils; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008407:Mast Cells; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002364:Caseins; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C065989:caseinomacropeptide; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E