title: Evaluation of the correlation of vasculogenic mimicry, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in the prediction of metastasis and prognosis in ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrence and metastasis are the usual manifestations of treatment failure of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM; blood supply development often seen in highly aggressive cancers), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, cancer stem cell biomarker), KiSS-1 (suppressor of tumor metastasis), and metastasis associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) are all useful predictive factors for metastasis and prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed associations among VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in EOC, and their respective correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival in EOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Positive rates of VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in 207 whole EOC tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Patients' clinical data were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of VM, ALDH1, and MACC1 were significantly higher, and levels of KiSS-1 significantly lower, in EOC tissues than in benign ovary tumors. Levels of VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 were associated significantly with tumor/lymph node/metastasis (LNM) grade, implantation, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and with patients' overall survival (OS); whereas the KiSS-1+ subgroup had significantly longer OS than did the KiSS-1- subgroup. In multivariate analysis, high VM, ALDH1 or MACC1 levels, FIGO stage, implantation and low KiSS-1 levels were independently associated with shorter OS in patients with EOC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VM and expressions of ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 represent promising markers for metastasis and prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets for EOC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China. 573448542@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shiwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Danna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; C106628:KISS1 protein, human; D059648:Kisspeptins; C544162:MACC1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase
keywords: ALDH1; Epithelial ovarian carcinoma; KiSS-1; MACC1; Prognosis; VM