title: Food group consumption in an Italian population using the updated food classification system FoodEx2: Results from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary habits evolve over time, being influenced by many factors and complex interactions. This work aimed at evaluating the updated information on food group consumption in Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8944 (4768 women and 4176 men) participants aged >18 years from all over Italy recruited in 2010-13 (Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey, INHES) was analyzed. The recruitment was performed using computer-assisted-telephone-interviewing and one-day 24-h dietary recall retrieved from all participants. The updated, second version, of FoodEx2 food classification system was applied to extract data on food group consumption. The participation rate was 53%; 6.2% of the participants declared to follow a special diet, the most prevalent being hypo-caloric diets (55.7% of special diets). Men compared to women presented significantly higher intakes of "grains and grain-based products", "meat and meat products", "animal and vegetable fats and oils and primary derivatives" and "alcoholic beverages" (P for all<0.001); moreover, men had lower intakes of "milk and dairy products", "water and water-based beverages" and "products for non-standard diets, food imitates and food supplements" (P for all<0.001). Differences in food group intake among age groups, geographical regions and educational level groups were also identified (P for all<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data on the consumption of more than 70 food groups and sub-groups were illustrated in different strata. The present analysis could be considered as an updated source of information for future nutrition research in Italy and in the EU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pounis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Castelnuovo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persichillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonaccio
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cerletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gaetano
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy. Electronic address: licia.iacoviello@neuromed.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet / Q000145:classification*; D004435:Eating; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000145:classification*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Dietary habits; Dietary pattern; Food; Food classification system; FoodEx2