title: Candidate immune biomarkers for radioimmunotherapy.
abstract: Newly available immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), capable to revert tumor immune tolerance, are revolutionizing the anticancer armamentarium. Recent evidence also established that ionizing radiation (IR) could produce antitumor immune responses, and may as well synergize with ICBs. Multiple radioimmunotherapy combinations are thenceforth currently assessed in early clinical trials. Past examples have highlighted the need for treatment personalization, and there is an unmet need to decipher immunological biomarkers that could allow selecting patients who could benefit from these promising but expensive associations. Recent studies have identified potential predictive and prognostic immune assays at the cellular (tumor microenvironment composition), genomic (mutational/neoantigen load), and peripheral blood levels. Within this review, we collected the available evidence regarding potential personalized immune biomarker-directed radiation therapy strategies that might be used for patient selection in the era of radioimmunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Philippe J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sansonetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Electronic address: Eric.DEUTSCH@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4); Anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1); Anti-programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1); Immunotherapy; Radiotherapy