title: Influence of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts.
abstract: We investigated the effects of natural plant hormones, indole-3-acetic (IAA) acid and gibberellic acid (GA), on the growth parameters and production of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in common buckwheat sprouts. A total of 17 phenolic compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among these, seven compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after treating the common buckwheat sprouts with different concentrations of the hormones IAA and GA. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, both IAA and GA exhibited the highest levels of growth parameters (shoot length, root length, and fresh weight). The HPLC analysis showed that the treatment of sprouts with IAA at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L produced higher or comparable levels of the total phenolic compounds than the control sprout and enhanced the production of rutin. Similarly, the supplementation with 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L GA increased the content of rutin in buckwheat sprouts. Our results suggested that the treatment with optimal concentrations of IAA and GA enhanced the growth parameters and accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in buckwheat sprouts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea. parkch804@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chang Ha
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea. guswl7627@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hyeon Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea. yunji0825@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Yun Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea. abubaker_morgan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abubaker M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mvalanarasu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariadhas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valan Arasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. naldhabi@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Naif Abdullah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Dhabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea. supark@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005875:Gibberellins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C030737:indoleacetic acid; C007842:gibberellic acid
keywords: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; common buckwheat; gibberellic acid; indole-3-acetic acid; phenylpropanoid