title: Anti-bacterial activity of graphene oxide as a new weapon nanomaterial to combat multidrug-resistance bacteria.
abstract: Antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens has become a serious health problem in the world. The increasing spread of hospital acquired infections especially in immunocompromised and cancer patients caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial pathogens is restricting the choices for impressive antibiotic therapy. So many efforts have been made to develop new compounds with antimicrobial activity. In recent years, nanoparticles, particularly graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have found many applications in various fields, including antibacterial action, pathogens bio detection, cancer therapy, and drug and gene delivery. The use of graphene oxide as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of infections with multidrug resistance is growing due to the unique physicochemical properties as wide surface area, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and biocompatibility. To reduce toxicity and increase the efficiency of graphene oxide as an antimicrobial agent, different surface modification and functionalization with inorganic nanostructures, biomolecules and polymers were developed. In this review article, we give our overview of the progress made on the graphene oxide nanocomposites as a new generation of antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advance Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadashpour
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hejazi
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran. Electronic address: hasanzadehm@tbzmed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Behnam
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Guardia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanochemistry, Nano Technology Research Center, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Department of Nanochemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shadjou
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: Mokhtarzadeha891@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ahad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokhtarzadeh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010087:Oxides; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012834:Silver; D006108:Graphite; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium; D015034:Zinc Oxide; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: Antimicrobial; Graphene oxide; Multidrug-resistant; Nanocomposites; Nanomaterial