title: Removal of acetaminophen in water by laccase immobilized in barium alginate.
abstract: This research has focused on the optimization of immobilized laccase condition and utilization in degradation of acetaminophen contaminated in aqueous solution. Laccase from Lentinus polychrous was immobilized in barium alginate. The effects of laccase immobilization such as sodium alginate concentration, barium chloride concentration and gelation time were studied. The optimal conditions for immobilization were sodium alginate 5% (w/v), barium chloride 5% (w/v) and gelation time of 60 min. Immobilized laccase was then used for acetaminophen removal. Acetaminophen was removed quickly in the first 50 min. The degradation rate and percentage of removal increased when the enzyme concentration increased. Immobilized laccase at 0.57 U/g-alginate showed the maximum removal at 94% in 240 min. The removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial acetaminophen concentration. The Kmvalue for immobilized laccase (98.86 µM) was lower than that of free laccase (203.56 µM), indicating that substrate affinity was probably enhanced by immobilization. The immobilized enzyme exhibited high activity and good acetaminophen removal at pH 7 and temperature of 35°C. The activation energies of free and immobilized laccase for degradation of acetaminophen were 8.08 and 17.70 kJ/mol, respectively. It was also found that laccase stability to pH and temperature increased after immobilization. Furthermore, immobilized laccase could be reused for five cycles. The capability of removal and enzyme activity were retained above 70%.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Karnika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ratanapongleka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Supot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Punbut
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D000082:Acetaminophen; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D042845:Laccase
keywords: Acetaminophen; barium alginate; immobilization; laccase; removal