title: Integrative Physiology: At the Crossroads of Nutrition, Microbiota, Animal Physiology, and Human Health.
abstract: Nutrition is paramount in shaping all aspects of animal biology. In addition, the influence of the intestinal microbiota on physiology is now widely recognized. Given that diet also shapes the intestinal microbiota, this raises the question of how the nutritional environment and microbial assemblages together influence animal physiology. This research field constitutes a new frontier in the field of organismal biology that needs to be addressed. Here we review recent studies using animal models and humans and propose an integrative framework within which to define the study of the diet-physiology-microbiota systems and ultimately link it to human health. Nutritional Geometry sits centrally in the proposed framework and offers means to define diet compositions that are optimal for individuals and populations.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Electronic address: francois.leulier@ens-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leulier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada.
authors.forename: Lesley T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: MacNeil
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rawls
authors.affiliation: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrice D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cani
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010641:Phenotype; D049490:Systems Biology
keywords: C. elegans; Drosophila; fish; health; human; microbiota; mouse; nutrition; physiology; piglets