title: Combined ecotoxicity of binary zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles to Scenedesmus obliquus.
abstract: A combined ecotoxicity study was carried out with nano-zinc oxide (nZnO) and nano-copper oxide (nCuO) to freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus. Concentration-response analysis indicated that the dissolved metal fraction was not the major source of individual and combined toxicity of the metal-oxide nanoparticles (MONPs). Moreover, the contribution of the nCuO (based on metallic mass) to the combined toxicity was greater than that of the nZnO. The observed combined toxicity can be predicted by the pharmacological concepts of concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA). Combined toxicity prediction (in terms of median effect concentration) based on both concepts tends to overestimate the overall observed toxicity of the MONP mixtures. CA was more accurate for predicting the combined toxicity than IA. It may be concluded that CA gives a valid estimation of the overall ecotoxicity for mixtures comprising of similar acting MONPs.
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Se
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D015034:Zinc Oxide; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: Algal toxicity; combined effect; nano-copper oxide; nano-zinc oxide; predictive model