title: Glycine-functionalized copper(ii) hydroxide nanoparticles with high intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity.
abstract: Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide (O2-) radicals into molecular oxygen (O2) and H2O2as a first line of defense against oxidative stress. Here, we show that glycine-functionalized copper(ii) hydroxide nanoparticles (Gly-Cu(OH)2NPs) are functional SOD mimics, whereas bulk Cu(OH)2is insoluble in water and catalytically inactive. In contrast, Gly-Cu(OH)2NPs form water-dispersible mesocrystals with a SOD-like activity that is larger than that of their natural CuZn enzyme counterpart. Based on this finding, we devised an application where Gly-Cu(OH)2NPs were incorporated into cigarette filters. Cigarette smoke contains high concentrations of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS, >1016molecules per puff) including superoxide and reactive nitrogen species which lead to the development of chronic and degenerative diseases via oxidative damage and subsequent cell death. Embedded in cigarette filters Gly-Cu(OH)2NPs efficiently removed ROS from smoke, thereby protecting lung cancer cell lines from cytotoxic effects. Their stability, ease of production and versatility make them a powerful tool for a wide range of applications in environmental chemistry, biotechnology and medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Korschelt
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ragg
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmen S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kluenker
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panthöfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Mihail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mondeshki
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brieger
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nawaz Tahir
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. tahir@uni-mainz.de tremel@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-994X
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tremel
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D003300:Copper; D005998:Glycine; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006878:Hydroxides; D053758:Nanoparticles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012906:Smoke; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry*; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D006878:Hydroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke; D003300:Copper; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005998:Glycine