title: Phone camera detection of glucose blood level based on magnetic particles entrapped inside bubble wrap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucose is an important diagnostic biochemical marker of diabetes but also for organophosphates, carbamates, acetaminophens or salicylates poisoning. Hence, innovation of accurate and fast detection assay is still one of priorities in biomedical research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose sensor based on magnetic particles (MPs) with immobilized enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was developed and the GOx catalyzed reaction was visualized by a smart-phone-integrated camera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exponential decay concentration curve with correlation coefficient 0.997 and with limit of detection 0.4 mmol/l was achieved. Interfering and matrix substances were measured due to possibility of assay influencing and no effect of the tested substances was observed. Spiked plasma samples were also measured and no influence of plasma matrix on the assay was proved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented assay showed complying results with reference method (standard spectrophotometry based on enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase inside plastic cuvettes) with linear dependence and correlation coefficient 0.999 in concentration range between 0 and 4 mmol/l. On the grounds of measured results, method was considered as highly specific, accurate and fast assay for detection of glucose.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinkova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohanka
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase