title: Antimicrobial Effects ofGarcinia Mangostanaon Cariogenic Microorganisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Garcinia mangostanacommonly called as Mangosteen fruit has been used as an antibacterial agent since age old times. The mangosteen pericarp has proven to have antibacterial effect, but the effect of the same on cariogenic organisms has not been explored. The present study was an attempt to gain a better understanding of the antibacterial effect of mangosteen pericarp on the cariogenic bacteria, to unravel the therapeutic potential for the same.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of the crude chloroform extract of mangosteen pericarp against cariogenic bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done under laboratory settings using an in vitro design. The microorganisms namelyStreptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralisandLactobacillus acidophiluswere procured from American Type Cell Culture (ATCC) and Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) were revived and lawn cultured. The antibacterial effect of mangosteen pericarp was tested using agar well diffusion method on Trypticase Soy Agar-Blood Agar (TSA-BA) and de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar media. The standard antiplaque agent chlorhexidine was used as the positive control. This cross-sectional, experimental study was done in Central Research laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College for period of eight weeks. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values were determined by microbroth dilution method. Statistical analysis was done by calculating the mean of the zones of inhibition on tested microorganisms. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare the zones of inhibition of mangosteen and chlorhexidine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antibacterial bioassay showed the highest activity forLactobacillus acidophilus(13.6 mm) andStreptococcus sanguis(13.6 mm), whereas, it showed a medium and low activity forStreptococcus oralis(11.3 mm),Streptococcus mutans(10.6 mm) andStreptococcus salivarius(3 mm) respectively. The MBC and MIC values were lowest forLactobacillus acidophilus(MIC 25 mg/ml, MBC 50 mg/ml) andStreptococcus oralis(MIC 50 mg/ml, MBC 100 mg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mangosteen pericarp extract had a higher zone of inhibition against the tested microorganisms which suggests its potent antibacterial action against cariogenic organisms. However, further analytical studies are needed to isolate the key molecules of mangosteen pericarp, to explore its anticariogenic therapeutic potential on gram negative oral microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Sunitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janardhanan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahendra
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: A S Smiline
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Girija
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Rajamuthaiah Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Little
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mahendra
authors.affiliation: Scientist III, Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Vijayashree
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Priyadharsini
keywords: Herb; In vitro; Mangosteen