title: Adaptation and validation of the Dutch version of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale.
abstract: The nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale is a validated disease-specific, self-completed questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life related to nasal obstruction. The aim of this study was to validate the Dutch (NL-NOSE) questionnaire. A prospective instrument validation study was performed in a tertiary academic referral center. Guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process from the original English language scale into a Dutch language version were followed. Patients undergoing functional septoplasty or septorhinoplasty and asymptomatic controls completed the questionnaire both before and 3 months after surgery to test reliability and validity. Additionally, we explored the possibility to reduce the NOSE scale even further using graded response models. 129 patients and 50 controls were included. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.89) were good. The instrument showed excellent between-group discrimination (Mann-Whitney U = 85, p < 0.001) and high response sensitivity to change (Wilcoxon rank p < 0.001). The NL-NOSE correlated well with the score on a visual analog scale measuring the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction, with exception of item 4 (trouble sleeping). Item 4 provided the least information to the total scale and item 3 (trouble breathing through nose) the most, particularly in the postoperative group. The Dutch version of the NOSE (NL-NOSE) demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity. We recommend the use of the NL-NOSE as a validated instrument to measure subjective severity of nasal obstruction in Dutch adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, P.O. 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. f.vanzijl@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Floris V W J
authors.initials: FVWJ
authors.lastname: van Zijl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Reinier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, P.O. 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Datema
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009426:Netherlands; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D014175:Translating
keywords: Dutch language; NOSE scale; Nasal obstruction; Quality of life; Validation