title: Skin delivery of hydrophilic molecules from liposomes and polysaccharide-coated liposomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liposomes are commonly used in cosmetic formulations to increase the bioavailability of active ingredients. We have previously shown that polysaccharide coating of liposomes improves their resistance to surfactants and electrolytes. In the current study, we have assessed the impact of coating on the skin penetration enhancer properties of liposomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The physicochemical properties of coated liposomes (Ionosomes™) were evaluated before and after encapsulation of two different hydrophilic molecules (caffeine and a hexapeptide), and compared to those observed with non-coated liposomes. Moreover, in vitro permeation experiments were performed using Franz™-modified diffusion cells, with normal human skin as membranes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that both coated and non-coated liposomes significantly improved the bioavailability of hydrophilic active molecules in skin, compared to reference solutions. Although liposome coating slightly reduced entrapment efficiency, the delivery of active molecules was not adversely affected by the process. In conclusion, polysaccharide coating of liposomes allows for better protection of their integrity without compromising the skin bioavailability of the active molecules that they convoy.
authors.affiliation: IFF/Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, ZA Les Belles Fontaines, 99 route de Versailles, Champlan, 91160, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belhaj
authors.affiliation: LIBio-ENSAIA-Lorraine University, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, VANDOEUVRE lès Nancy, 54518, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8531
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arab-Tehrany
authors.affiliation: IFF/Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, Tour de la Cité, 2600, Boul. Laurier, # 900, Québec, QC, G1V 4W2, Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loing
authors.affiliation: IFF/Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, ZA Les Belles Fontaines, 99 route de Versailles, Champlan, 91160, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bézivin
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003358:Cosmetics; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D008081:Liposomes; D011134:Polysaccharides; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: bioavailability; phospholipids; polymers; skin barrier; skin delivery