title: Interfacial Characteristics and Bond Durability of Universal Adhesive to Various Substrates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the interfacial characteristics and bond durability of universal adhesives to various substrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two universal adhesives were used: 1) Scotchbond Universal and 2) G-Premio Bond. The substrates used were bovine enamel and dentin with or without phosphoric acid etching, resin composite, lithium disilicate and leucite-reinforced glass ceramics, zirconia, and metal alloys. The surface free energy and the parameters of various substrates and of substrates treated by adhesive after light irradiation were determined by measuring the contact angles of three test liquids. Resin composite was bonded to the various substrates to determine shear bond strength after 24 hours water storage and 10,000 thermal cycles. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test were used for the surface free energy data, and a two-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test were used for analysis of shear bond strength data (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interfacial characteristics of the various substrates show significant differences depending on the type of substrate, but the interfacial characteristics of substrate treated by adhesive after light irradiation did not show any significant differences regardless of the substrate used. The bond durability of two universal adhesives to various substrates differs depending on the type of substrate and the adhesive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that universal adhesives modify the interfacial characteristics of a wide range of substrates and create a consistent surface, but the bond durability of universal adhesive to various substrates differs depending on the type of substrate and the adhesive.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wilwerding
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C041330:Scotchbond