title: Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future.
abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, and effective strategies to manage and prevent this disease are urgently needed. Resistance training (RT) promotes health benefits through increased skeletal muscle mass and qualitative adaptations, such as enhanced glucose transport and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In particular, mitochondrial adaptations triggered by RT provide evidence for this type of exercise as a feasible lifestyle recommendation to combat T2D, a disease typically characterized by altered muscle mitochondrial function. Recently, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of combined training and Metformin use have come into question and warrant more in-depth prospective investigations. In the future, clinical intervention studies should elucidate the mechanisms driving RT-mitigated mitochondrial adaptations in muscle and their link to improvements in glycemic control, cholesterol metabolism and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, Innsbruck, Austria.|Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.|Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pesta
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
authors.forename: Renata L S
authors.initials: RLS
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.affiliation: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
authors.forename: Anila K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Madiraju
authors.affiliation: Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 E. Princeton Street, Orlando, FL 32804 USA.|Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Orlando, FL USA.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sparks
keywords: Mitochondrial function; Resistance training; Skeletal muscle; Type 2 diabetes