title: Ozone Prevents Cochlear Damage From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Guinea Pigs.
abstract: The cochlea is an end organ, which is metabolically dependent on a nutrient and oxygen supply to maintain its normal physiological function. Cochlear ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is considered one of the most important causes of human idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to study the efficacy of ozone therapy against cochlear damage caused by IR injury and to investigate the potential clinical use of this treatment for sudden deafness. Twenty-eight guinea pigs were randomized into four groups. The sham group (S) (n = 7) was administered physiological saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 days. The ozone group (O) (n = 7) was administered 1 mg/kg of ozone i.p. for 7 days. In the IR + O group (n = 7), 1 mg/kg of ozone was administered i.p. for 7 days before IR injury. On the eighth day, the IR + O group was subjected to cochlear ischemia for 15 min by occluding the bilateral vertebral artery and vein with a nontraumatic clamp and then reperfusion for 2 h. The IR group was subjected to cochlear IR injury. After the IR procedure, the guinea pigs were sacrificed on the same day. In a general histological evaluation, cochlear and spiral ganglionic tissues were examined with a light microscope, and apoptotic cells were counted by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The apoptotic index (AI) was then calculated. Blood samples were sent for analyses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), the total oxidant score (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The AI was highest in the IR group. The AI of the IR + O group was lower than that of the IR group. The biochemical antioxidant parameters SOD and GSH-Px and the TAC values were highest in the O group and lowest in the IR group. The MDA level and TOS were highest in the IR group and lowest in the O group. Controlled ozone administration stimulated endogenous antioxidant defense systems, thereby helping the body to combat IR injury. Although this study revealed a statistically significant decrease in cochlear IR damage following ozone therapy, further studies will be necessary to explain the protective mechanisms of ozone therapy in cochlear IR injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Konya Educational and Training Hospital.
authors.forename: Merih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty.
authors.forename: Cagdas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elsurer
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Konya Educational and Training Hospital.
authors.forename: Nebil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Selimoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology.
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Selcuk University Medical Faculty.
authors.forename: Jale
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bengi Celik
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oznur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Selcuk University Medical Faculty.
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003051:Cochlea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015834:Cochlear Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Apoptosis; Cochlea; Guinea pigs; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; Ozone