title: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Synergistic Properties of Essential Oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Seven Mediterranean Aromatic Plants.
abstract: Essential oils (EOs) from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus and from Mediterranean autochthonous aromatic plants - Thymus mastichina L., Mentha pulegium L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. nepeta, Cistus ladanifer L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter ssp. viscosa - were extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-FID and NMR spectroscopy. EOs were evaluated for antimicrobial properties against several bacterial strains, using diverse methods, namely, the agar disc-diffusion method, the microdilution method, the crystal violet assay and the Live/Dead staining for assessment of biofilm formation. Potential synergy was assessed by a checkerboard method. EOs of R. officinalis and C. ladanifer showed a predominance in monoterpene hydrocarbons (> 60%); EOs of C. nepeta, M. pulegium, T. mastichina, E. globulus and F. vulgare were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (62 - 96%) whereas EO of D. viscosa was mainly composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (54%). All EOs showed antimicrobial activity; M. pulegium and E. globulus generally had the strongest antimicrobial activity. EO of C. nepeta was the most promising in hampering the biofilm formation. The combinations D. viscosa/C. nepeta and E. globulus/T. mastichina were synergistic against Staphylococcus aureus. These results support the notion that EOs from the aromatic plants herein reported should be further explored as potential pharmaceuticals and/or food preservatives.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.|UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, PT-4169-007, Porto.
authors.forename: Lucinda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bessa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório HERCULES & Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, PT-7000-671, Évora.
authors.forename: M Rosário
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas & Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora, PT-7002-554, Évora.
authors.forename: Sílvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arantes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química de Évora & Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, PT-7000-671, Évora.
authors.forename: António P S
authors.initials: APS
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.
authors.forename: Ângelo
authors.initials: Â
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.|Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, PT-4450-208, Matosinhos.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martins da Costa
authors.affiliation: ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, PT-7002-554, Évora.
authors.forename: Anabela D F
authors.initials: ADF
authors.lastname: Belo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antibiofilm; Essential oils; Synergistic effects; Wild-grown aromatic plants