title: Synthesis and characterization of cellulose carbonate using greenchemistry: Surface modification of Avicel.
abstract: The development of new derivatives based on renewable natural resources using green chemistry is a concept gaining recognition in several industries. This work focused on the preparation and characterization of cellulose carbonate using dimethyl carbonate as the green reagent in ethanoic KOH solution. The effect of several reaction parameters were evaluated, i.e., temperature (25°C, 50°C, 90°C, 120°C, 150°C, and 180°C), time (6, 24, 48, and 72h), KOH concentration (15% and 30%), and the use of a catalyst (DBU). The degree of substitution (DS) of the resulting materials was evaluated by13C CP/MAS NMR. The spectra of the prepared cellulose carbonate exhibited the main peaks associated with cellulose macromolecules (C1-C6) and those corresponding to carbonate functions at approximately 162ppm. Moreover, XPS was performed and confirmed the reaction modifications. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that13C NMR and XPS spectra showed a significant difference in DS value, due to the difference between both techniques. However, our results from NMR and XPS experiments confirm that the major modifications during all the reactions occurred mainly at the surface. This green process opens the way for the easy production of a new class of cellulose derivatives.
authors.affiliation: University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences, UR13ES63-Research Unity of Applied Chemistry & Environment, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Agefpi, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khiari
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Agefpi, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine Brochier
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Salon
authors.affiliation: University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences, UR13ES63-Research Unity of Applied Chemistry & Environment, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Farouk
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mhenni
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Agefpi, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mauret
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Agefpi, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: naceur.belgacem@pagora.grenoble-inp.fr.
authors.forename: Mohamed Naceur
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Belgacem
keywords: Cellulose carbonate; Cellulose derivatives; Dimethyl carbonate; NMR; XPS