title: Outcomes of nighttime refusal of admission to the intensive care unit: The role of the intensivist in triage.
abstract: To compare outcomes of patients refused medical intensive care unit (MICU) admission overnight to those refused during the day and to examine the impact of the intensivist in triage.
  
  
  
  Retrospective, observational study of patients refused MICU admission at an urban university hospital.
  
  
  
  Of 294 patients, 186 (63.3%) were refused admission overnight compared to 108 (36.7%) refused during the day. Severity-of-illness by the Mortality Probability Model was similar between the two groups (P=.20). Daytime triage refusals were more likely to be staffed by an intensivist (P=.01). After risk-adjustment, daytime refusals had a lower odds of subsequent ICU admission (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.95, P=.04) than patients triaged at night. There was no evidence for interaction between time of triage and intensivist staffing of the patient (P=.99).
  
  
  
  Patients refused MICU admission overnight are more likely to be later admitted to an ICU than patients refused during the day. However, the mechanism for this observation does not appear to depend on the intensivist's direct evaluation of the patient. Further investigation into the clinician-specific effects of ICU triage and identification of potentially modifiable hospital triage practices will help to improve both ICU utilization and patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borah
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: erika.yoo@drexelmed.edu.
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014218:Triage / Q000592:standards*; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Intensive care unit; Intensivist; Refusal; Triage