title: Phosphorylase kinase β affects colorectal cancer cell growth and represents a novel prognostic biomarker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression and intracellular localization of phosphorylase kinase β (PHKβ) protein in colorectal cancers (CRCs), analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis, and study the biological roles and mechanism-of-action of PHKβ in CRC cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot assays were performed to compare the expressions of PHKβ mRNA and protein in CRC tissues and matched normal mucosa. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect the expression and intracellular location of PHKβ protein and analyze its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in CRC patients. Proliferation, cell cycle, wound healing, and xenograft models were used to elucidate the potential role of PHKβ in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHKβ mRNA and protein were found to be overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to the levels in normal mucosa. Positive expression of PHKβ was significantly correlated with TNM stage and distal metastasis, and elevated expression of PHKβ was an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. PHKβ knockdown impaired proliferation of CRC in vitro and in vivo and induced cell cycle arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHKβ affects CRC cell growth and represents a novel prognostic biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tingyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ximao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yilian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinglue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China. dpdeney@126.com.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China. dpdeney@126.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Shanghai, China. longcuidr@126.com.|Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China. longcuidr@126.com.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase
keywords: Colorectal cancer; PHKβ; Prognosis, cell cycle; Proliferation