title: Dapagliflozin: potential beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of renal and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, a significant contributor to cardiovascular (CV) disease, responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Strategies to slow or prevent the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease are critical for effectively managing T2DM and reducing CV risk. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antidiabetic agents, which may provide nephroprotective and CV protective effects. Areas covered: This review examines the role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis, discusses renal hemodynamic changes in diabetes, and outlines the major hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying renal injury in diabetes. The potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of CV complications in patients with T2DM are reviewed, with particular focus on dapagliflozin. Expert opinion: Dapagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors have the capacity to decrease hyperglycemia and visceral fat, components of the metabolic syndrome particularly associated with the progression of CV disease. However, the mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors resulting in their positive CV effects remain unclear. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart function in non-diabetic patients with decompensated heart failure remains to be explored.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , University of Padua , Padua , Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fioretto
authors.affiliation: b Unit of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of Padua , Padua , Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avogaro
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D005960:Glucosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C089180:SLC5A2 protein, human; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; C529054:dapagliflozin
keywords: Albuminuria; GFR; antidiabetic drugs; cardiovascular risk; dapagliflozin; diabetic kidney disease; glycemic control; sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; type 2 diabetes