title: Novel Treatments in Lupus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) still depends on non-specific immunosuppression. Herein, we review promising targeted therapies that have the potential to change this therapeutic paradigm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Besides the FDA-approved B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor, belimumab, interferon-α represents a promising treatment target, albeit with modest effectiveness primarily in non-renal SLE. Preclinical and early-phase clinical trials using biologics and small molecules targeting B and T cell activation as well as the cross-talk between these cells also show promise. BLyS and interferon targeting show the most promising results in challenging the current treatment status in non-renal SLE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-936, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. vkyttari@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Vasileios C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Kyttaris
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D001688:Biological Products; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C511911:belimumab; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Biologics; Lupus; Small molecules; Treatment