title: Wobble uridine modifications-a reason to live, a reason to die?!
abstract: Wobble uridines (U34) are generally modified in all species. U34modifications can be essential in metazoans but are not required for viability in fungi. In this review, we provide an overview on the types of modifications and how they affect the physico-chemical properties of wobble uridines. We describe the molecular machinery required to introduce these modifications into tRNA posttranscriptionally and discuss how posttranslational regulation may affect the activity of the modifying enzymes. We highlight the activity of anticodon specific RNases that target U34containing tRNA. Finally, we discuss how defects in wobble uridine modifications lead to phenotypes in different species. Importantly, this review will mainly focus on the cytoplasmic tRNAs of eukaryotes. A recent review has extensively covered their bacterial and mitochondrial counterparts.1.
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie , Universität Kassel , Germany.
authors.forename: Raffael
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9484-5247
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schaffrath
authors.affiliation: b Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Germany.|c Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence , University of Münster , Münster , Germany.|d Medical Faculty , University of Münster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster , Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0523-6325
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leidel
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014529:Uridine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D014529:Uridine
keywords: Anticodon wobble base; RNases; mRNA translation; protein homeostasis; stress responses; tRNA modification