title: Teaching Medical Students About "The Conversation": An Interactive Value-Based Advance Care Planning Session.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advance care planning (ACP) promotes care consistent with patient wishes. Medical education should teach how to initiate value-based ACP conversations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate an ACP educational session to teach medical students a value-based ACP process and to encourage students to take personal ACP action steps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of third-year medical students participated in a 75-minute session using personal reflection and discussion framed by The Conversation Starter Kit. The Conversation Project is a free resource designed to help individuals and families express their wishes for end-of-life care.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-seven US third-year medical students participated in the session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Student evaluations immediately after the session and 1 month later via electronic survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 90% of students positively evaluated the educational value of the session, including rating highly the opportunities to reflect on their own ACP and to use The Conversation Starter Kit. Many students (65%) reported prior ACP conversations. After the session, 73% reported plans to discuss ACP, 91% had thought about preferences for future medical care, and 39% had chosen a medical decision maker. Only a minority had completed an advance directive (14%) or talked with their health-care provider (1%). One month later, there was no evidence that the session increased students' actions regarding these same ACP action steps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A value-based ACP educational session using The Conversation Starter Kit successfully engaged medical students in learning about ACP conversations, both professionally and personally. This session may help students initiate conversations for themselves and their patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.|2 Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Hillary D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dukes
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.|2 Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Skotti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Church
authors.affiliation: 3 Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Youngwerth
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning; D016223:Advance Directives; D003142:Communication; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D013727:Terminal Care
keywords: advance care planning; medical education; medical student; palliative care; patient–provider communication; person-centered learning