title: Cervical Carcinogenesis and Immune Response Gene Polymorphisms: A Review.
abstract: The local immune response is considered a key determinant in cervical carcinogenesis after persistent infection with oncogenic, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Genetic variation in various immune response genes has been shown to influence risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as progression and survival among cervical cancer patients. We reviewed the literature on associations of immunogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism, allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions with risk and progression of cervical cancer. Studies on HLA and KIR gene polymorphisms were excluded due to the abundance on literature on that subject. We show that multiple genes and loci are associated with variation in risk of cervical cancer. Rather than one single gene being responsible for cervical carcinogenesis, we postulate that variations in the different immune response genes lead to subtle differences in the effectiveness of the antiviral and antitumour immune responses, ultimately leading to differences in risk of developing cervical cancer and progressive disease after HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Akash M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4973-3016
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Merel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mooij
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0154-6764
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Branković
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sander
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2092-0002
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ouburg
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Servaas A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9953-0495
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morré
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Centre for Gynaecological Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ekaterina S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8121-1322
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jordanova
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology