title: Effectiveness of autodissemination stations containing pyriproxyfen in reducing immature Aedes albopictus populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is an aggressive, highly anthropophilic, day-biting mosquito with an expanding geographic range. Suppression of Ae. albopictus is difficult because of the abundance and prevalence of larval habitats within peridomestic environments, particularly cryptic habitats such as corrugated extension spouts, fence post openings, discarded food containers, etc. Because of the challenges of eliminating or treating larval habitats of this species, we tested an autodissemination concept to contaminate these habitats with the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was conducted in the City of Trenton (Mercer County), New Jersey, USA (40°12'N, 74°44'W). We selected six hot spots, where five or more Ae. albopictus males or females were collected based on weekly trap surveillance. A trapping unit was a city block, approximately 0.8 ha (hot spot), where we deployed 26 to 28 autodissemination stations per treatment plot. To gauge efficacy, we deployed BGS traps, oviposition cups, and sentinel cups in treatment and control locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant reduction in eggs (P < 0.0001) and larval populations (P < 0.0001) as a result of treatment. Pupal mortality, as determined through bioassays, was also significantly higher in the treatment sites (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results clearly show the potential and unique use of the autodissemination stations to control immature Ae. albopictus in urban areas. Penetration of larvicides with existing methods are difficult to reach cryptic habitats, but the autodissemination approach, which exploits the oviposition behavior of the target pest, can be integrated into intervention programs. New tools are urgently needed to curb the expansion and public health implications of Ae. albopictus and other container-inhabiting species.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. iunlu@mercercounty.org.|Mercer County Mosquito Control, 300 Scotch Road, West Trenton, NJ, 08628, USA. iunlu@mercercounty.org.
authors.forename: Isik
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Unlu
authors.affiliation: Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Devi S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Suman
authors.affiliation: Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mercer County Mosquito Control, 300 Scotch Road, West Trenton, NJ, 08628, USA.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klingler
authors.affiliation: Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.|Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT, 84116, USA.
authors.forename: Ary
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faraji
authors.affiliation: Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaugler
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010058:Oviposition; D010063:Ovum; D011208:Powders; D011679:Pupa; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011208:Powders; D011725:Pyridines; C055613:pyriproxyfen
keywords: Adult surveillance; Asian tiger mosquito; Autodissemination station; Egg surveillance; Pyriproxyfen