title: Observation and Clinical Pattern in Patients with White Dot Syndromes: The Role of Color Photography in Monitoring Ocular Changes in Long-Term Observation.
abstract: BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the clinical course and distinctive features of different white dot syndromes (WDS) in patients attending the Ophthalmology Department, Medical University of Warsaw in the years 1995-2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-two (62) patients (43 females and 19 males), aged 18 to 77 years, referred with a WDS were included in this prospective study, with observation period ranging from 5 months to 16 years. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and multimodal imaging studies. RESULTS In this cohort of 62 patients, the following WDS entities were identified: multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (MFCPU), multifocal choroiditis (MFC), punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), birdshot, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), subretinal fibrosis and uveitis, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), serpiginous choroiditis, and single cases of acute annular outer retinopathy (AAOR). CONCLUSIONS The study was performed at a Polish referral center and may to some extent reflect the varied geographical distribution of white dot syndromes, as none of the subjects was found to suffer from acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), or diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN). Long-term follow-up is warranted by the evolution of lesions in the eye fundus, while management depends on correct diagnosis of WDS. When the posterior pole is involved in some cases of the WDS an immunosuppressive treatment, the use of the PDT or anti-VEGF injections were necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brydak-Godowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gołębiewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turczyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moneta-Wielgoś
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Jan Bogdanowicz Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samsel
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Borkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciszek
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Płonecka-Rodzoch
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kużnik-Borkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ciszewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Makomaska-Szaroszyk
authors.affiliation: National Influenza Center NIPH-PZH, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Lidia B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Brydak
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kęcik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000080364:Multifocal Choroiditis; D015864:Panuveitis / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*