title: Reduced expression of selective immune-related genes in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) monocytes exposed to atrazine.
abstract: The effect of atrazine (ATZ) and its metabolites on aquatic vertebrate species has been a matter of concern to researchers and environmentalist. In this study we exposed head kidney monocytes to sublethal concentrations of atrazine (1 and 10 μg/ml-1), corresponding to 1% and 10% of the LC50-96h, to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes central to immune stimulation. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, Mieloperoxidase and Mx genes were significantly reduced following 24 h exposure to both concentrations of ATZ. The mRNA levels of iRAK4 were reduced only at the higher ATZ concentration and the mRNA levels of IL-1β were not affected. The results reported here support our previous findings on the immunosuppressive effect of ATZ indicating its potential to interfere with the expression of immune-related genes, and strengthen the need to regulate ATZ usage aiming to preserve animal and human health.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada - Prédio G3, UPF, FAMV, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Schreiner
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kirsten
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada - Prédio G3, UPF, FAMV, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raíssa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canova
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada - Prédio G3, UPF, FAMV, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas de Figueiredo
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Soveral
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Cromatografia - UPF, FAMV, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Tereza
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada - Prédio G3, UPF, FAMV, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frandoloso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada - Prédio G3, UPF, FAMV, Brazil. Electronic address: lckreutz@upf.br.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kreutz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002397:Catfishes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Atrazine; Cytokines; Fish; Gene expression; Immunosuppression