title: Catastrophic care-seeking costs as an indicator for lung health.
abstract: Costs incurred during care-seeking for chronic respiratory disease are a major problem with severe consequences for socio-economic status and health outcomes. Most of the published evidence to date relates to tuberculosis (TB) and there is a lack of information for the major non-communicable chronic respiratory diseases: asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). International policy is recognising the need to address this problem and measure progress towards eliminating catastrophic care-seeking costs (see the post-2015 TB strategy). Current tools for measuring, defining, and understanding the full consequences of catastrophic care-seeking costs are inadequate. We propose two areas of work which are urgently needed to prepare health systems and countries for the burden of chronic lung disease that will fall on poor populations in the coming 10-20 years: a) Rapid scale up of the number and scope of studies of patient costs associated with chronic non-communicable respiratory disease. b) Work towards deeper understanding and effective measurement of catastrophic care-seeking costs. This will produce a range of indicators, such as dissaving, which can more effectively inform health policy decision-making for lung health. These will also be useful for other health problems. We argue that reduction in care-seeking costs will be a key monitoring indicator for improvements in lung health in particular, and health in general, in the coming 10 to 20 years.
authors.affiliation: of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, UK.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Squire
authors.affiliation: of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, UK.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: REACH Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi.
authors.forename: Ireen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Namakhoma
authors.affiliation: EpiLab, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Sony
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Afranio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kritski
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madan