title: Three-dimensional eye movement recordings during magnetic vestibular stimulation.
abstract: Human subjects placed in strong magnetic fields such as in an MRI scanner often feel dizzy or vertiginous. Recent studies in humans and animals have shown that these effects arise from stimulation of the labyrinth and are accompanied by nystagmus. Here, we measured the three-dimensional pattern of nystagmus using video eye tracking in five normal human subjects placed in a 7T MRI to infer which semicircular canals are activated by magnetic vestibular stimulation. We found that the nystagmus usually had a torsional as well as a horizontal component. Analysis of the relative velocities of the three eye movement components revealed that the lateral and anterior (superior) canals are the only canals activated, and by a similar amount.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-8392
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otero-Millan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dale C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. bward15@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Labyrinth; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic vestibular stimulation; Vertigo; Vestibular