title: 3D Kidney Segmentation from Abdominal Images Using Spatial-Appearance Models.
abstract: Kidney segmentation is an essential step in developing any noninvasive computer-assisted diagnostic system for renal function assessment. This paper introduces an automated framework for 3D kidney segmentation from dynamic computed tomography (CT) images that integrates discriminative features from the current and prior CT appearances into a random forest classification approach. To account for CT images' inhomogeneities, we employ discriminate features that are extracted from a higher-order spatial model and an adaptive shape model in addition to the first-order CT appearance. To model the interactions between CT data voxels, we employed a higher-order spatial model, which adds the triple and quad clique families to the traditional pairwise clique family. The kidney shape prior model is built using a set of training CT data and is updated during segmentation using not only region labels but also voxels' appearances in neighboring spatial voxel locations. Our framework performance has been evaluated on in vivo dynamic CT data collected from 20 subjects and comprises multiple 3D scans acquired before and after contrast medium administration. Quantitative evaluation between manually and automatically segmented kidney contours using Dice similarity, percentage volume differences, and 95th-percentile bidirectional Hausdorff distances confirms the high accuracy of our approach.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fahmi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5274-8596
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmaghraby
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Georgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gimel'farb
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7264-1323
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Baz
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008490:Medical Informatics; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed