title: Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials.
abstract: Influenza-Like Illness is a leading cause of hospitalization in children. Disease burden due to influenza and other respiratory viral infections is reported on a population level, but clinical scores measuring individual changes in disease severity are urgently needed. Areas covered: We present a composite clinical score allowing individual patient data analyses of disease severity based on systematic literature review and WHO-criteria for uncomplicated and complicated disease. The 22-item ViVI Disease Severity Score showed a normal distribution in a pediatric cohort of 6073 children aged 0-18 years (mean age 3.13; S.D. 3.89; range: 0 to 18.79). Expert commentary: The ViVI Score was correlated with risk of antibiotic use as well as need for hospitalization and intensive care. The ViVI Score was used to track children with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus, and adenovirus infections and is fully compliant with regulatory data standards. The ViVI Disease Severity Score mobile application allows physicians to measure disease severity at the point-of care thereby taking clinical trials to the next level.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Berlin , Germany.|b Department of Pediatrics , Charité University Medical Center , Berlin , Germany.|c Division of Epidemiology and Public Health , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: d Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: c Division of Epidemiology and Public Health , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: Puja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Myles
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Berlin , Germany.|b Department of Pediatrics , Charité University Medical Center , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alchikh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Charité University Medical Center , Berlin , Germany.|e National Reference Centre for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses , Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Berlin , Germany.|d Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Berlin , Germany.|b Department of Pediatrics , Charité University Medical Center , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tief
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Berlin , Germany.|b Department of Pediatrics , Charité University Medical Center , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative , Berlin , Germany.|b Department of Pediatrics , Charité University Medical Center , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Obermeier
authors.affiliation: f Clinical Data Standards Interchange Consortium (CDISC) , Austin , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Bron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kisler
authors.affiliation: e National Reference Centre for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses , Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Brunhilde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schweiger
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008297:Male; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Disease severity; adenovirus; antivirals; clinical trials; human metapneumovirus; human rhinovirus; influenza; influenza-like illness; respiratory syncytial virus; seasonality