title: The battle of "nano" paclitaxel.
abstract: Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the three most widely used chemotherapeutic agents, together with doxorubicin and cisplatin, and is first or second line treatment for several types of cancers. In 2000, Taxol, the conventional formulation of PTX, became the best-selling cancer drug of all time with annual sales of 1.6 billion. In 2005, the introduction of the albumin-based formulation of PTX, known as Abraxane, ended Taxol's monopoly of the PTX market. Abraxane's ability to push the Taxol innovator and generic formulations aside attracted fierce competition amongst competitors worldwide to develop their own unique, new and improved formulation of PTX. At this time there are at least 18 companies focused on pre-clinical and/or clinical development of nano-formulations of PTX. These pharmaceutical companies are investing substantial capital to capture a share of the lucrative global PTX market. It is hoped that any formulation that dominates the market will result in tangible benefits to patients in terms of both survival and quality of life. Given all of this activity, here we address the question: Who is going to win the battle of "nano" paclitaxel?
authors.affiliation: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: alexandrosofias@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Alexandros Marios
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sofias
authors.affiliation: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: m.dunne@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.affiliation: Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.storm@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.affiliation: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: cj.allen@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: Abraxane®; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology; Oncology; Paclitaxel; Taxol®