title: From Patients to Policy: Population Intervention Effects in Epidemiology.
abstract: Interest in implementation science and recent calls for consequentialist epidemiology urge epidemiologists to produce work more immediately applicable to public health practice. A clear vocabulary for such approaches is lacking. Here, we present a potential taxonomy of causal effects, distinguishing between "exposure effects" more relevant to patients and individuals; and "population intervention effects" more relevant to public health policy. We discuss this range of effects using figures and a simple numerical example.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westreich
mesh_terms: D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011050:Policy Making; D011634:Public Health; D011640:Public Policy; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States