title: Adenosine Receptors as a Biological Pathway for the Anti-Inflammatory and Beneficial Effects of Low Frequency Low Energy Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields.
abstract: Several studies explored the biological effects of low frequency low energy pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on human body reporting different functional changes. Much research activity has focused on the mechanisms of interaction between PEMFs and membrane receptors such as the involvement of adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, PEMF exposure mediates a significant upregulation of A2Aand A3ARs expressed in various cells or tissues involving a reduction in most of the proinflammatory cytokines. Of particular interest is the observation that PEMFs, acting as modulators of adenosine, are able to increase the functionality of the endogenous agonist. By reviewing the scientific literature on joint cells, a double role for PEMFs could be hypothesized in vitro by stimulating cell proliferation, colonization of the scaffold, and production of tissue matrix. Another effect could be obtained in vivo after surgical implantation of the construct by favoring the anabolic activities of the implanted cells and surrounding tissues and protecting the construct from the catabolic effects of the inflammatory status. Moreover, a protective involvement of PEMFs on hypoxia damage in neuron-like cells and an anti-inflammatory effect in microglial cells have suggested the hypothesis of a positive impact of this noninvasive biophysical stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4562-1348
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vincenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merighi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2197-5611
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gessi
authors.affiliation: IGEA Biophysics Laboratory, Carpi, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setti
authors.affiliation: IGEA Biophysics Laboratory, Carpi, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1118-9171
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borea
authors.affiliation: IGEA Biophysics Laboratory, Carpi, Italy.
authors.forename: Ruggero
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cadossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1