title: The Relationship of Baseline Prostate Specific Antigen and Risk of Future Prostate Cancer and Its Variance by Race.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies suggest that a baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) measured in young men predicts future risk of prostate cancer. Considering recent recommendations against PSA screening, high-risk populations (e.g. black men, men with a high baseline PSA) may be particularly vulnerable in the coming years. Thus, we investigated the relationship between baseline PSA and future prostate cancer in a black majority-minority urban population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of the prostate biopsy database (n = 994) at the Brooklyn Veterans Affairs Hospital. These men were referred to urology clinic for elevated PSA and biopsied between 2007 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict positive prostate biopsy from log-transformed baseline PSA, race (black, white, or other), and several other variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of men identified as black (50.2%). Median age at time of baseline PSA and biopsy was 58.6 and 64.8, respectively. Median baseline PSA was similar among black men and white men (2.70 vs 2.91 for black men vs white men, p = 0.232). Even so, black men were more likely than white men to be diagnosed with prostate cancer (OR 1.62, p < 0.0001). Black men less than age 70 were at particularly greater risk than their white counterparts. Baseline PSA was not a statistically significant predictor of future prostate cancer (p = 0.101).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black men were more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than were white men, despite comparable baseline PSA. In our pre-screened population at the urology clinic, a retrospective examination of baseline PSA did not predict future prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Verges
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. Electronic address: hasand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dani
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weedon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA.
authors.forename: Komal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Karanikolas
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D058014:Veterans Health / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Minority population; Preventive care; Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen; Screening; Urology