title: Identification of the first biased NPS receptor agonist that retains anxiolytic and memory promoting effects with reduced levels of locomotor stimulation.
abstract: The neuropeptide S system has been implicated in a number of centrally mediated behaviors including memory consolidation, anxiolysis, and increased locomotor activity. Characterization of these behaviors has been primarily accomplished using the endogenous 20AA peptide (NPS) that demonstrates relatively equal potency for the calcium mobilization and cAMP second messenger pathways at human and rodent NPS receptors. This study is the first to demonstrate that truncations of the NPS peptide provides small fragments that retain significant potency only at one of two single polymorphism variants known to alter NPSR function (NPSR-107I), yet demonstrate a strong level of bias for the calcium mobilization pathway over the cAMP pathway. We have also determined that the length of the truncated peptide correlates with the degree of bias for the calcium mobilization pathway. A modified tetrapeptide analog (4) has greatly attenuated hyperlocomotor stimulation in vivo but retains activity in assays that correlate with memory consolidation and anxiolytic activity. Analog 4 also has a bias for the calcium mobilization pathway, at the human and mouse receptor. This suggests that future agonist ligands for the NPS receptor having a bias for calcium mobilization over cAMP production will function as non-stimulatory anxiolytics that augment memory formation.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
authors.forename: Stewart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Department of Pharmacology, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
authors.forename: Terrence P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kenakin
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gertz
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hassler
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States.
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States.
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Langston
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3958, United States; Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Reinscheid
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Drug Discovery, RTP, NC 27709, United States. Electronic address: srunyon@rti.org.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Runyon
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; C484532:NPSR1 protein, human; D009479:Neuropeptides; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C545206:alpha-fetoprotein related protein, mouse; C506531:neuropeptide S, human; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Anxiolytic; Biased ligand; Memory; Neuropeptide S