title: Camellia sinensis L. Extract and Its Potential Beneficial Effects in Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Hepatotoxic, and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities.
abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate the potential benefits of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase activities of a methanolic extract of fresh tea leaves (FTE) (Camellia sinensisL.). The antioxidant capacity was investigated using three different methods at different temperatures. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vitro by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase assay. The anti-hepatotoxic effect was investigated in CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats. The anti-tyrosinase activities of the FTE and its principal phenolic compounds were investigated in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) oxidation by a mushroom tyrosinase. A molecular docking study was conducted to determine how the FTE's principal catechins interact with the tyrosinase. The FTE exhibited the best shelf life at low temperatures and demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase effects compared to positive references. Treatment of rats with the FTE at 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days reversed CCl₄-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase by 69% and malondialdehyde by 90%. Our findings suggest that the FTE has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress induced by CCl₄ intoxication. The docking results were consistent with our in vitro data, indicating the anti-tyrosinase potency of the principal catechins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. surached15@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Surached
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thitimuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. pimolpan.pit@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Pimolpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pithayanukul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. saruth_pipe@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saruth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nithitanakool
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. rapepol1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rapepol
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bavovada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. jiraporn.lea@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leanpolchareanchai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. fscipnsk@ku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Patchreenart
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saparpakorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: Camellia sinensis L.; anti-hepatotoxic; anti-inflammatory; anti-tyrosinase; antioxidant; molecular modelling