title: YLL056C from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel protein with aldehyde reductase activity.
abstract: The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, the largest family in dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, is divided into "classical," "extended," "intermediate," "divergent," "complex," and "atypical" groups. Recently, several open reading frames (ORFs) were characterized as intermediate SDR aldehyde reductase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, no functional protein in the atypical group has been characterized in S. cerevisiae till now. Herein, we report that an uncharacterized ORF YLL056C from S. cerevisiae was significantly upregulated under high furfural (2-furaldehyde) or 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde concentrations, and transcription factors Yap1p, Hsf1p, Pdr1/3p, Yrr1p, and Stb5p likely controlled its upregulated transcription. This ORF indeed encoded a protein (Yll056cp), which was grouped into the atypical subgroup 7 in the SDR family and localized to the cytoplasm. Enzyme activity assays showed that Yll056cp is not a quinone or ketone reductase but an NADH-dependent aldehyde reductase, which can reduce at least seven aldehyde compounds. This enzyme showed the best Vmax, Kcat, and Kcat/Km to glycolaldehyde, but the highest affinity (Km) to formaldehyde. The optimum pH and temperature of this enzyme was pH 6.5 for reduction of glycolaldehyde, furfural, formaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and propylaldehyde, and 30 °C for reduction of formaldehyde or 35 °C for reduction of glycolaldehyde, furfural, butyraldehyde, and propylaldehyde. Temperature and pH affected stability of this enzyme and this influence varied with aldehyde substrate. Metal ions, salts, and chemical protective additives, especially at high concentrations, had different influence on enzyme activities for reduction of different aldehydes. This research provided guidelines for study of more uncharacterized atypical SDR enzymes from S. cerevisiae and other organisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Han-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Di-Fan
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lin-Lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Quan-Ju
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China. mgen@sicau.edu.cn.|Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China. mgen@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Meng -Gen
authors.initials: M-
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009249:NADP; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D009249:NADP; D005662:Furaldehyde; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000079:Acetaldehyde; C018475:butyraldehyde; C010972:glycolaldehyde
keywords: Aldehyde reductase; Protein-GFP localization; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR); Transcriptional response