title: Dietary supplementation with rutin has pro-/anti-inflammatory effects in the liver of juvenile GIFT tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.
abstract: Dietary supplementation with rutin may have some pharmacological qualities including anti-inflammatory effects. Kupffer cell activation resulted in increased transcription of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the pro- and anti-inflammatory activities in juvenile freshwater tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in response to 0.1 or 0.3 g/kg dietary supplementation of rutin. Results showed that hepatic IgM, anti-inflammatory-cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in groups treated with high doses of rutin. Hepatic IgM and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) transcripts were significantly decreased, whereas the transcripts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-1β were significantly decreased, whereas IL-8 was significantly increased. The number of Kupffer cells in rutin-treated groups was significantly decreased, and scanning electron micrographs showed that rutin enriched the number of gut microvilli and secretion pits. With the phenomena of cell apoptosis occurred in the rutin groups, the present study demonstrated that optimum levels of rutin may be beneficial but excessive level may cause liver impairment, which may be absorbed by the gut and then transported to the liver.
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China. Electronic address: zhengy@ffrc.cn.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shunlong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
authors.forename: Pao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China. Electronic address: chenjz@ffrc.cn.
authors.forename: Jiazhang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D023681:Cichlids / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D029941:Fish Proteins; D012431:Rutin
keywords: Inflammatory; Kupffer cells; Liver; Rutin supplementation; Tilapia