title: Development of new levodopa treatment strategies in Parkinson's disease-from bedside to bench to bedside.
abstract: This review will illustrate the process of moving from an idea through preclinical research and Galenic developments into clinical investigations and finally to approval by regulatory agencies within the European Union. The two new treatment strategies described, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel and levodopa/carbidopa microtablets, for advanced Parkinson's disease, have been developed in collaborative research within departments at Uppsala University. With this historical approach, reference priority is given to reports considered to be of special importance for this more than two decades long process 'from bedside to bench to bedside'.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuroscience , Neurology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Sten-Magnus
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aquilonius
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuroscience , Neurology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nyholm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002230:Carbidopa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D017277:Drug Approval; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D005062:European Union; D005782:Gels; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000266:history; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D013607:Tablets; C009265:carbidopa, levodopa drug combination; D007980:Levodopa; D002230:Carbidopa
keywords: Carbidopa; Parkinson’s disease; drug development; intestinal gel; levodopa; microtablets