title: Effectiveness of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A weighted propensity score analysis.
abstract: To evaluate the clinical benefit of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy after radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in routine clinical practice.
  
  
  
  The present observational study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation post-radical cystectomy in patients with clinically muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer-specific survival and overall survival between the adjuvant chemotherapy group and radical cystectomy alone group were compared using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. After adjusting for background factors using propensity score weighting, differences in cancer-specific survival and overall survival between these two groups were compared. Subgroup analyses by the pathological characteristics were carried out.
  
  
  
  In total, 322 patients were included in the present study. Of these, 23% received adjuvant chemotherapy post-radical cystectomy. Clinicopathological characteristics showed that patients in the adjuvant chemotherapy group were pathologically more advanced and were at higher risk than the radical cystectomy alone group. In the unadjusted population, although it is not significant, the adjuvant chemotherapy group had lower overall survival (3-year overall survival; 61.5% vs 73.6%, HR 1.33, P = 0.243, log-rank test, adjuvant chemotherapy vs radical cystectomy alone). In the weighted propensity score analysis, although it is not significant, the adjuvant chemotherapy group were superior to radical cystectomy alone groups (overall survival: HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39-1.09, P = 0.099, log-rank test, adjuvant chemotherapy vs radical cystectomy alone). Subgroup analyses showed that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduced the hazard ratio of overall survival and cancer-specific survival in the ≥pT3, pN+, ly+ and v+ subgroups.
  
  
  
  Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy might be associated with increased cancer-specific survival and overall survival in patients with high-risk invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Urology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taguri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ieda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Urology, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Urology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Urology, Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Raizo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: adjuvant chemotherapy; cisplatin; cystectomy; propensity score; urinary bladder neoplasms