title: Increased risk of metabolic disorders in healthy young adults with family history of diabetes: from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the impact of a family history of diabetes on type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and behavioral traits in young Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects aged 25-44 years were included, and the presence of a family history of diabetes was obtained by a self-reported questionnaire (the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010). We compared the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and other metabolic parameters, including blood pressure and lipid profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2059 participants, those with a family history of diabetes involving first-degree relatives (n = 489, 23.7%) had a significantly higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (14.3 vs. 11.7%) and type 2 diabetes (6.7 vs. 1.8%), compared to those without a family history (P< 0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (21.3 vs. 12.1%,P< 0.001) and its components (except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were greater in subjects with a family history of diabetes. Among subjects exhibiting normal glucose tolerance (n = 1704), those with a family history of diabetes had higher fasting glucose (89.0 vs. 87.8 mg/dL,P< 0.001) and triglyceride (100.5 vs. 89.0 mg/dL,P< 0.001), and lower beta cell function by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-β; 134.2 vs. 137.5,P= 0.020). The obesity indices (body mass index, waist circumference, and triglyceride) were significantly correlated with those of both parents (P< 0.01 for all variables). Risk-reducing behavior, including regular exercise (18.2 vs. 19.7%,P= 0.469) and calorie intake (2174.8 vs. 2149.1 kcal/day,P= 0.636), did not markedly differ according to a family history of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adults with a family history of diabetes had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, even though they currently exhibited a normal glycemic profile. Proactive lifestyle consultation is requested especially among healthy young population with a family history of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.|Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Family history; Metabolic syndrome