title: A personalized medication management platform (PMMP) to improve medication adherence: A randomized control trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medication non-adherence caused by forgetting and delays has serious health implications and causes substantial expenses to patients, healthcare providers, and insurance companies. We assessed the effectiveness of a personalized medication management platform (PMMP) for improving medication adherence, self-management medication, and reducing long-term medication costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a mobile PMMP to reduce delayed and missed medications. A randomized control trial was conducted of three medical centers in Taiwan. A total 1198 participants who aged over 20 years, received outpatient prescription drugs for a maximum period of 14 days. 763 patients were randomly assigned to intervention group as receiving daily SMS reminders for their medications and 434 patients in control group did not. The primary outcome was change in delaying and forgetting medication between before and after intervention (after 7 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medication delays were reduced from 85% to 18% (67% improvement) after SMSs for the intervention group and from 80% to 43% (37% improvement) for the control group. Patients forgot medications were significantly reduced from 46% to 5% (41% improvement) for the experimental group after SMSs and from 44% to 17% (27% improvement) for the control group. The SMSs were considered helpful by 83% of patients and 74% of them thought SMSs help in controlling diseases. 92% of patients would recommend this system to their family and friends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A timely and personalized medication reminder through SMS can improve medication adherence in a nationalized healthcare system with overall savings in medication costs and significant improvements in health and disease management.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02197689.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan College of Healthcare Executives, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chu-Ya
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Phung-Anh Alex
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clinciu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Kung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Chia Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsuan-Chia
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yueh-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Terry B J
authors.initials: TBJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Lun
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Shan
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan. Electronic address: jack@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Chuan Jack
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003363:Cost Control; D016527:Drug Costs; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012648:Self Care; D060145:Text Messaging; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Healthcare cost; Medication SMS reminder; Medication adherence; Mobile management; Personalized medication management