title: Diversity of the Photosynthetic Paulinella Species, with the Description of Paulinella micropora sp. nov. and the Chromatophore Genome Sequence for strain KR01.
abstract: The thecate filose amoeba Paulinella chromatophora is a good model organism for understanding plastid organellogenesis because its chromatophore was newly derived from an alpha-cyanobacterium. Paulinella chromatophora was the only known photosynthetic Paulinella species until recent studies that suggested a species level of diversity. Here, we described a new photosynthetic species P. micropora sp. nov. based on morphological and molecular evidence from a newly established strain KR01. The chromatophore genome of P. micropora KR01 was fully determined; the genome was 976,991bp in length, the GC content was 39.9%, and 908 genes were annotated. A pairwise comparison of chromatophore genome sequences between strains KR01 and FK01, representing two different natural populations of P. micropora, showed a 99.85% similarity. Differences between the two strains included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CDSs, which resulted in 357 synonymous and 280 nonsynonymous changes, along with 245 SNPs in non-coding regions. Indels (37) and microinversions (14) were also detected. Species diversity for photosynthetic Paulinella was surveyed using samples collected from around the world. We compared our new species to two photosynthetic species, P. chromatophora and P. longichromatophora. Phylogenetic analyses using four gene markers revealed three distinct lineages of photosynthetic Paulinella species including P. micropora sp. nov.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Duckhyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lhee
authors.affiliation: Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 15627, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Chan
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Im
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6041, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuccarello
authors.affiliation: Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hsyoon2011@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Hwan Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D056907:Cercozoa / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002856:Chromatophores / Q000378:metabolism*; D018503:Genome, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: Cyanobacteria; endosymbiosis; inverted repeat; microinversion; primary plastid; species diversity.