title: Mediterranean Diet and 10-year (2002-2012) Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Participants with Prediabetes: The ATTICA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prediabetes has been related to an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the Mediterranean diet on diabetes and CVD risk in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG, i.e. fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dl).
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2001-2002, 3042 men and women (>18y) were enrolled for the study. The participants showed no clinical evidence of CVD or any other chronic disease, and were living in the greater Athens (Greece) area. In 2011 and 2012, the 10-year follow-up examinations were performed, including a working sample of n = 1875 participants without diabetes at baseline. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline evaluation was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prediabetic subjects (n = 343) had a significantly higher incidence of diabetes (25% vs. 10%, p < 0.001) and CVD (17.8% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.007) compared with subjects with normal glucose values. A significant trend towards lower diabetes and CVD incidence was observed with medium and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with low adherence (p < 0.001). High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (>35/55 score) was associated with lower 10-year incidence of diabetes and CVD. In multiple logistic regression models, participants with high levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were significantly less affected by diabetes and CVD than those with low adherence levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a low risk of developing diabetes and CVD in prediabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodosios D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Filippatos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ekavi N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Georgousopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pitaraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia-Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kouli
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chrysohoou
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitsavos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose