title: APD668, a G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist improves fat tolerance and attenuates fatty liver in high-trans fat diet induced steatohepatitis model in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) receptor is a rhodopsin-like, class A Gαs-coupled receptor, predominantly expressed in pancreatic islet cells and intestinal entero-endocrine cells. GPR119 has been emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of APD668, a GPR119 agonist alone and in combination with linagliptin, a DPPIV inhibitor on oral fat tolerance test. Our findings demonstrate that APD668, a GPR119 agonist inhibits the intestinal triglyceride absorption after acute fat load in mice. Single dose administration of APD668 increases incretin secretion and enhances total PYY levels in presence of fat load in mice. We found that, the anti-dyslipidemic action of APD668 was reversed in presence of exendin-3 in oral fat tolerance test. In addition, our results showed that exendin-3 (9-39) failed to block the effect of APD668 on gastric emptying indicating that gastric emptying effects of APD668 are indeed mediated through GPR119 receptor dependent mechanism. Combined administration of APD668 and linagliptin significantly increased plasma active GLP-1 levels in-vivo and showed improvement in fat tolerance. However, APD668 failed to show anti-dyslipidemic activity in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the chronic effects of APD668 on hepatic steatosis in high trans-fat diet fed steatohepatitis model in mice. Oral administration of APD668 in HTF diet fed mice ameliorated hepatic endpoints such as plasma ALT, AST, liver weight and steatosis. These findings suggest that GPR119 agonists may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Lupin Limited (Research Park), Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), 46A/47A, Village Nande, Mulshi, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: umakantbahirat@lupin.com.
authors.forename: Umakant Ashok
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Bahirat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rekha Raghuveer
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.affiliation: Lupin Limited (Research Park), Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), 46A/47A, Village Nande, Mulshi, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rajan Naresh
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Lupin Limited (Research Park), Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), 46A/47A, Village Nande, Mulshi, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Kumar V S
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nemmani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000069476:Linagliptin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C587902:(1-(3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl methanesulfonate; C000617192:APD668; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; C516207:Gpr119 protein, mouse; C000608114:MBX-2982; D008698:Mesylates; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013777:Tetrazoles; D013844:Thiazoles; D014280:Triglycerides; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000069476:Linagliptin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C016811:tyloxapol
keywords: GLP-1; GPR119 agonist; Gastric emptying; NAFLD; NASH; Triglyceride