title: [Ocular complications of local anaesthesia in dentistry].
abstract: An estimated 1 in 1,000 local anaesthetic injections in the maxilla or the mandible lead to unwanted effects on the ipsilateral eye. We have seen a case with diplopia and lateral rectus palsy following bimaxillary anaesthesia. A systematic literature review of reports on this type of complication resulted in a total of 144 documented cases published between 1936 and 2016. The most frequently reported symptoms included diplopia (72%), partial or full ophthalmoplegia (26%), ptosis (22%), mydriasis (18%), amaurosis (13%) and orbital pain (12%). This type of complication is best understood by pathophysiological hypotheses that include intra-arterial injection, intravenous injection, autonomic dysregulation, or deep injection and diffusion. If ocular symptoms appear after local intraoral anaesthesia, the patient should be reassured. In the case of diplopia, the eye should be covered with a gauze dressing, and the patient should be instructed about associated safety risks. If symptoms persist or when vision deteriorates, referral to an ophthalmologist is advisable.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Steenen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Lange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology; D003813:Dentistry / Q000379:methods; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015878:Mydriasis / Q000209:etiology; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local