title: Real-time volumetric lipid imaging in vivo by intravascular photoacoustics at 20 frames per second.
abstract: Lipid deposition can be assessed with combined intravascular photoacoustic/ultrasound (IVPA/US) imaging. To date, the clinical translation of IVPA/US imaging has been stalled by a low imaging speed and catheter complexity. In this paper, we demonstrate imaging of lipid targets in swine coronary arteries in vivo, at a clinically useful frame rate of 20 s-1. We confirmed image contrast for atherosclerotic plaque in human samples ex vivo. The system is on a mobile platform and provides real-time data visualization during acquisition. We achieved an IVPA signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB. These data show that clinical translation of IVPA is possible in principle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medical Instrumentation, Erasmus University Medical Center PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Springeling
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lovrak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frits
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mastik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sophinese
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iskander-Rizk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tianshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heleen M M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van Beusekom
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Imaging Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: A F W
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van der Steen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Soest
keywords: (110.0110) Imaging systems; (110.5120) Photoacoustic imaging