title: In-hospital mortality risk of intertrochanteric hip fractures: a comprehensive review of the US Medicare database from 2005 to 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intertrochanteric hip fracture is a common injury in the Medicare population. Very little is known about the in-hospital mortality risk of intertrochanteric hip fractures and associated demographics for the US Medicare population. The purpose of this study is to determine the in-hospital mortality rate of closed intertrochanteric hip fractures and to evaluate demographic factors influencing an increased mortality risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PearlDiver Medicare database from 2005 to 2010 was queried for closed intertrochanteric hip fractures. Stratified sampling was conducted by creating subset for individuals with a death discharge from inpatient facilities. Statistical analysis was performed where appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Throughout 2005-2010 there were a total of 1,138,142 intertrochanteric hip fractures. There were 19,385 deaths during the initial hospital stay, yielding a mortality rate of 1.70%. There was a 1.83% mortality rate for patients 75 and older and patients over the age of 84 comprised the majority of deaths at 58%. The mortality rate was lower for females (1.39%) than for males (2.56%) (p < 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found in the Medicare database that there is a relatively low rate of in-hospitality mortality associated with intertrochanteric hip fractures; this rate is lower than previously reported. We report a 1.70% in-hospital mortality using a complete Medicare dataset. Based on previous reporting for short term and one-year mortality risk, the present study suggests that mortality risk is greatest after patients have been released from the hospital. More attention should be paid to understanding and attenuating the mortality associated with intertrochanteric hip fractures after the acute hospital phase.
authors.affiliation: Liberty University Medical School, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA. ekiriakopoulos@liberty.edu.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiriakopoulos
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Nwachukwu
authors.affiliation: Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, 1611 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Liberty University Medical School, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA, 24502, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caravella
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000401:mortality; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Hip fracture; Intertrochanteric; Mortality rate; Trauma