title: High-monosaccharide intake inhibits anorexigenic hypothalamic insulin response in male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research is to evaluate if intake of 20% fructose solution is able to change the anorexigenic hypothalamic insulin action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty day-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: standard chow and water for the rats (Control group, C) and standard chow and 20% fructose solution for the rats (Fructose group, F).These treatments lasted 8 weeks. Three-month-old rats from group C and F received insulin or saline intracerebroventricular injections for evaluation of 24 h food intake, phosphorylated forms of the IR (p-IR) and Akt (p-Akt) proteins and quantified hypothalamic insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin injection was able to decrease food intake in group C compared to 0.9% saline. However, insulin infusion failed to inhibit 24 h food intake in group F compared to 0.9% saline. The hypothalamic content of the IRS-1 was 37% higher in group F as well as p-Akt protein was significant higher vs. group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the 20% fructose solution compromised insulin signaling considering that it inhibited the anorexigenic hypothalamic response to acute injection of this hormone and increase of IRS-1 and p-Akt content.
authors.affiliation: a Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.|d Macaé Municipal Government , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.
authors.forename: Viviane Wagner
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: a Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.|c Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental (LABNEX) , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro campus Macaé (UFRJ-Macaé), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.
authors.forename: Leandro Oliveira
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: b Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro campus Macaé (UFRJ-Macaé), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.|d Macaé Municipal Government , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.
authors.forename: Elisaldo Mendes
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: b Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro campus Macaé (UFRJ-Macaé), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Vieira
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: a Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.|b Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro campus Macaé (UFRJ-Macaé), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.|c Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental (LABNEX) , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro campus Macaé (UFRJ-Macaé), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro , Brasil.
authors.forename: Kelse Tibau
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D009005:Monosaccharides; D005632:Fructose; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: Akt protein; Food intake; Fructose; Hypothalamus; Insulin receptor; Insulin receptor substrate 1; Insulin signaling