title: Chronic lead malposition diagnosis and management: discussion of two cases and literature review.
abstract: Management of lead malposition is crucial to avoid complications and is carried out on case-by-case bases. The 12-lead ECG during pacing and chest X-ray are essential during initial workup and recommended for new patients to the device clinic. Echocardiography and CT scan are important to confirm the location and plan appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1302-7590
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almomani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abualsuod
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paydak
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA.
authors.forename: Wilburt
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA; Division of Cardiology Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock Arkansas USA.
authors.forename: Waddah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maskoun
keywords: 12‐lead ECG; lead extraction; lead malposition; ventricular tachycardia