title: Prefrontal oxygenation during verbal fluency and cognitive function in adolescents with bipolar disorder type II.
abstract: Evaluation of depressive states in children can be challenging. Most of the studies that have investigated cognitive function and cerebral blood volume changes using functional MRI (fMRI) in bipolar disorder (BD) have been confined to BDI or heterogeneous cohorts with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated cognitive functions in adolescents with BDII and without ADHD using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and a Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (DN-CAS). Ten patients with BDII and without ADHD symptoms and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. NIRS was used to detect hemoglobin concentration changes during a verbal fluency test (VFT). In addition, the DN-CAS was used to evaluate cognitive function in four domains: planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive processing. Significant differences between the BDII and control groups in [oxy-Hb] changes during the early phase of VFT were observed in the lower prefrontal cortex but not in cognitive functioning. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between planning and attention scores in BD subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. Electronic address: spfy7ff9@wish.ocn.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishisaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Munesue
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins
keywords: Adolescents; Bipolar disorder; Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System; Near-infrared spectroscopy