title: Interaction between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Urinary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium-Potassium Ratio on the Risk of Hypertension in Korean Adults.
abstract: Hypertension is a complex disease explained with diverse factors including environmental factors and genetic factors. The objectives of this study were to determine the interaction effects between gene variants and 24 h estimated urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-potassium excretion ratios on the risk of hypertension. A total of 8839 participants were included in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find genetic factors associated with hypertension. Tanaka and Kawasaki formulas were applied to estimate 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. A total of 4414 participants were included in interaction analyses to identify the interaction effects of gene variants according to 24 h estimated urinary factors on the risk of hypertension. CSK rs1378942 and CSK-MIR4513 rs3784789 were significantly modified by urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio. In addition, MKLN rs1643270 with urinary potassium excretion, LOC101929750 rs7554672 with urinary sodium and potassium excretion, and TENM4 rs10466739 with urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio showed significant interaction effects. The present study results indicated that the mutant alleles of CSK rs1378942 and CSK-MIR4513 rs3784789 had the strongest protective effects against hypertension in the middle group of 24 h estimated urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio. Further studies are needed to replicate these analyses in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea. always.blue.spring@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yeong Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-Si, Kynggi-Do 13539, Republic of Korea. kwock@kfri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Chang Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kwock
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea. kyunga.j.kim@samsung.com.|Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea. kyunga.j.kim@samsung.com.
authors.forename: Kyunga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea. eluzai81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jihye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea. yjyang@dongduk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yoon Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C503019:MKLN1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: CSK; blood pressure; gene-diet interaction; hypertension; nutrigenetics; potassium; sodium; sodium-potassium ratio