title: Selective voluntary motor control measures of the lower extremity in children with upper motor neuron lesions: a systematic review.
abstract: Recovery and trainability of impaired selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) of the lower extremity in children with upper motor neuron lesions has received little attention. To facilitate an evidence-based debate about this topic, this review evaluates the evidence level of the psychometric properties of SVMC measures.
  
  
  
  MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro databases were systematically searched up to July 2016. Two independent raters scored the methodological quality in accordance to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The overall level of evidence was scored according to Cochrane criteria.
  
  
  
  We identified 3590 studies, of which 17 were included. COSMIN scores ranged from 'poor' to 'excellent' for studies investigating measurement properties of the Selective Motor Control test, modified Trost test, Gillette's Selective Motor Control test, Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE), kinematic measures, electromyography, and torque steadiness. Studies assessing the SCALE scored highest on COSMIN items. Evidence levels for SCALE's validity and reliability properties were moderate, while for the other SVMC measures these ranged from unknown to moderate. Responsiveness was not assessed.
  
  
  
  Further psychometric studies of SVMC measures are needed to provide a scientific contribution to the ongoing debate of SVMC trainability.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rehabilitation Research Group, Rehabilitation Center Affoltern am Albis, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Marietta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rehabilitation Research Group, Rehabilitation Center Affoltern am Albis, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hubertus J A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9577-5049
authors.initials: HJA
authors.lastname: van Hedel
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology