title: Mirolydidae, a new family of Jurassic pamphilioid sawfly (Hymenoptera) highlighting mosaic evolution of lower Hymenoptera.
abstract: We describe Pamphilioidea: Mirolydidae Wang, Rasnitsyn et Ren, fam. n., containing Mirolyda hirta Wang, Rasnitsyn et Ren, gen. et sp. n., from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new taxon is characterized by unique forewing venation with the presence of forewing SC, 1-RS almost as long as 1-M, M + Cu straight, 2r-rs strongly reclival, and antenna with homonomous flagellum, revealing new and important details in antennal evolutionary transformations. Thus, M. hirta with a combination of primitive and more derived characters highlights its transitional state in the Pamphilioidea and complex mosaic evolution within Pamphilioidea in the late Middle Jurassic. The body of this species is densely covered with thin and long setae, suggesting its possible habit of visiting gymnosperm reproductive organs for pollen feeding and/or pollination during the late Middle Jurassic, much earlier than the appearance of angiosperm flowers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123, Profsoyuznaya ul., Moscow 117997, Russia.|Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandr P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rasnitsyn
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Zhongqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.|Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.
authors.forename: Chungkun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002681:China; D005580:Fossils; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification*; D008853:Microscopy; D058618:Sensilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology