title: Parental Perceived Control and Social Support: Linkages to Change in Parenting Behaviors During Early Adolescence.
abstract: Prior studies have found that parents' perceptions of control over their lives and their social support may both be important for parenting behaviors. Yet, few studies have examined their unique and interacting influence on parenting behaviors during early adolescence. This longitudinal study of rural parents in two-parent families (N = 636) investigated (a) whether perceived control and social support when their youth were in sixth grade were independently or interactively associated with changes in parenting behaviors (discipline, standard setting) and parent-child warmth and hostility 6 months later and (b) if these linkages differed by parent gender. We also investigated the interactive links between perceived control, social support, and parenting. Specifically, we tested if parents' perceived control moderated the linkages between social support and parenting and if these linkages differed by parent gender. Greater perceived control predicted more increases in parents' consistent discipline and standard setting, whereas greater social support predicted increases in parent-child warmth and decreases in parent-child hostility. Parental perceived control moderated the effect of social support on parental warmth: For mothers only, social support was significantly linked to parent-child warmth only when mothers had low (but not high) perceived self-control. The discussion focuses on reasons why perceived control and social support may have associations with different aspects of parenting and why these might differ for mothers and fathers.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lippold
authors.affiliation: School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Terese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fosco
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Feinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010465:Perception; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Early Adolescence; Parenting Behaviors; Perceived Control; Social Support; apoyo social; control percibido; eficacia; primera adolescencia; prácticas de crianza; 亲职做法; 功效; 感知到的控制; 社会支持; 青春期早期