title: Inhibition of acrolein-induced autophagy and apoptosis by a glycosaminoglycan from Sepia esculenta ink in mouse Leydig cells.
abstract: In our recent reports, a squid ink polysaccharide (SIP) was found having preventive activity against cyclophosphamide induced damage in mouse testis and ovary. Here we further reveal the regulative mechanism of SIP against chemical toxicity on testis. Leydig cells exposed to acrolein (ACR) underwent apoptosis at 12h and 24h. Before apoptosis, cells occurred autophagy that was confirmed by high autophagic rate and Beclin-1 protein content at 3h. PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signal pathways involved in the regulatory mechanisms. These outcomes of ACR were recovered completely by SIP, which was demonstrated by attenuated disruption of redox equilibrium and increased testosterone production, through suppressing ACR-caused autophagy and apoptosis regulated by PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signal pathways in Leydig cells. Summarily, autophagy occurred before apoptosis caused by ACR-activated p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways were blocked by SIP, resulting in survival and functional maintenance of Leydig cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China; College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Science Experiment Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors.forename: Ye-Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Science Experiment Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors.forename: Da-Yan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China. Electronic address: liuhzbs@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D049833:Sepia / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D000171:Acrolein
keywords: Acrolein; Acrolein (PubChem CID: 7847); Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cyclophosphamide (PubChem CID: 2907); Glycosaminoglycan; Leydig cells; Malondialdehyde (PubChem CID: 10964); Monodansylcadaverin (PubChem CID: 4247); Osmium tetroxide (PubChem CID: 30318); Propidium iodide (PubChem CID: 104981); Sepia esculenta ink; Testosterone (PubChem CID: 6013)