title: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis followed by seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A case report and literature review.
abstract: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory central nervous system syndrome, and encephalitis associated with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies is an autoimmune encephalopathy. A patient with both diseases, separately or simultaneously, is rare as a clinical phenomenon, but cannot be ignored. We report the clinical characteristics and imaging features of a special case with anti-NMDAR encephalitis followed by NMOSD. We subsequently reviewed the English language literature about demyelinating disorders with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Details of the 34 patients identified are summarized and compared. There may be a connection between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and NMOSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: The Outpatient Department of Fuxing, Road No. 7, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100869, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China. Electronic address: dong_zhaozhao@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China. Electronic address: yusy1963@126.com.
authors.forename: Shengyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C496030:AQP4 protein, human; D051401:Aquaporin 4; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D008775:Methylprednisolone
keywords: AQP4-IgG; Anti-NMDAR antibodies; Encephalitis, NMOSD