title: Co-liquefaction of spent coffee grounds and lignocellulosic feedstocks.
abstract: Co-liquefaction of spent coffee grounds (SCG) with paper filter (PF), corn stalk (CS) and white pine bark (WPB) respectively, was examined in subcritical water for bio-crude oil production. The optimum reaction temperature was 250°C, and the mixing biomass ratio was 1:1. SCG and CS was identified to be the best feedstock combination with a significant positive synergetic effect in the co-liquefaction process with 5% NaOH as a catalyst. The yield of bio-crude oil was increased by 20.9% compared to the mass averaged yield from two feedstocks, and the oil quality was also improved in terms of viscosity and relative molecular mass. A negative effect presented in the co-liquefaction of SCG/WPB. The resulting bio-crude oils were characterized by elemental analyzer, GC-MS, GPC and viscometer, indicating that mixing feedstock in the co-liquefaction process also influenced the higher heating value (HHV), viscosity, molecular mass and chemical composition of bio-crude oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada.
authors.forename: Linxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada. Electronic address: quan.he@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Quan Sophia
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Havard
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Corscadden
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada.
authors.forename: Chunbao Charles
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D003069:Coffee; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D003069:Coffee; D014867:Water
keywords: Bio-crude oil; Co-liquefaction; Lignocellulose feedstocks; Spent coffee grounds (SCG); Synergistic effect