title: Evaluation of tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Angelica dahurica root extracts for four different probiotic bacteria fermentations.
abstract: Angelica dahurica root (ADR), which shows strong antioxidant activity, is used in Chinese medicine. This study evaluated the tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of ADR extracts fermented by four different probiotic bacteria: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus brevis. The ADR was first extracted using distilled water, 70% ethanol, and ethyl acetate, and then fermented by probiotic bacteria. The physiological characteristics of these fermented extracts, namely the antityrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, phenolic composition, and phenolic content, were evaluated and compared with those of unfermented extracts. Results showed that the water extracts after fermentation by probiotic bacteria exhibited the most favorable physiological characteristics. Among the extracts fermented by these probiotic bacteria, L. acidophilus-fermented ADR extract showed the most favorable physiological characteristics. The optimal IC50values for antityrosinase activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing power for L. acidophilus-fermented ADR extract were 0.07 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.01, and 0.68 ± 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the physiological activities of fermented extracts were considerably higher than those of unfermented extracts. The tyrosinase inhibition and melanin content of B16F10 melanoma cells, and cytotoxicity effects of the fermented ADR extracts on B16F10 cells were also evaluated. We found that the L. acidophilus-fermented ADR extract at 1.5 mg/mL showed significant cellular antityrosinase activity with low melanin production in B16F10 cells and was noncytotoxic to B16F10 cells. Among all probiotic bacteria, water-extracted ADR fermented by L. acidophilus for 48 h was found to be the best skincare agent or antioxidant agent.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering on Traditional Herbs and Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, No. 1999, Guankou Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, China.
authors.forename: Guey-Horng
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, No. 101, Sec. 1, Fenliao Rd., New Taipei City 24452, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei City 10608, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Teh-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei City 10608, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Kuo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, No. 245, Sec. 3, Academia Rd., Taipei City 11581, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, No. 245, Sec. 3, Academia Rd., Taipei City 11581, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, No. 245, Sec. 3, Academia Rd., Taipei City 11581, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, No. 245, Sec. 3, Academia Rd., Taipei City 11581, Taiwan. Electronic address: ycchung@cc.cust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ying-Chien
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D029969:Angelica / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008543:Melanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: Antioxidant activity; B16F10 cell; Fermentation; Melanin; Tyrosinase inhibition