title: Plasma long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and macular pigment in subjects with family history of age-related macular degeneration: the Limpia Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In numerous epidemiological studies, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with a decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Beyond their structural, functional and neuroprotective roles, omega-3 PUFAs may favour the retinal accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin and thus increase macular pigment optical density (MPOD). We examined the associations of MPOD with plasma omega-3 PUFAs in subjects with family history of AMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Limpia study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective randomized clinical trial performed in 120 subjects. Subjects with at least one parent treated for neovascular AMD, aged 40-70, with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) >20/25, free of late AMD and other major eye conditions and with no use of supplement containing lutein or zeaxanthin the preceding year were recruited in Bordeaux and Dijon, France. At baseline, MPOD within 1° of eccentricity was measured by modified Heidelberg retinal analyser (Heidelberg, Germany) and plasma omega-3 PUFAs by gas chromatography. Medical history and lifestyle data were collected from a standardized questionnaire. Associations of MPOD with plasma omega-3 PUFAs were assessed at the baseline examination, using mixed linear models adjusted for age, gender, centre, body mass index, smoking, plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lutein+zeaxanthin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After multivariate adjustment, high MPOD was significantly associated with higher level of plasma docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (β = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.055; p = 0.03). Plasma alpha linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were not significantly associated with MPOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Limpia study, high MPOD within 1° was significantly associated with higher plasma levels of omega-3 DPA.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte M J
authors.initials: BMJ
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.affiliation: ITERG - Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buaud
authors.affiliation: Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.|Ophthalmology Department, CHU of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Korobelnik
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, CHU of Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.affiliation: Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.|Ophthalmology Department, CHU of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Delyfer
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, CHU of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Bénédicte
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rougier
authors.affiliation: Pôle Santé Publique USMR, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savel
authors.affiliation: ITERG - Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaysse
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, CHU of Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Creuzot-Garcher
authors.affiliation: Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delcourt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D065348:Macular Pigment / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D065348:Macular Pigment; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D014975:Lutein
keywords: age-related macular degeneration; epidemiology; macular pigment; nutrition; plasma omega-3 fatty acids