title: Cellular models to study schizophrenia: A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advancements in cellular reprogramming techniques have made it possible to directly study brain cells from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. We have systematically reviewed the applications of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and their neural derivatives in understanding the biological basis of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the scientific literature published in MEDLINE with the following search strategy: (Pluripotent) AND (Schizophrenia OR Antipsychotic OR Psychosis). Studies written in English that used IPSCs derived from patients with schizophrenia were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 23 articles, which had used IPSCs from patients with schizophrenia, neurons or neural stem cells had been derived from them in a majority. Several parameters had been studied; the key cellular phenotypes identified included those of synaptic pathology, neural migration/proliferation deficits, and abnormal oxidative phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cellular modelling using IPSCs could improve the biological understanding of schizophrenia. Emerging findings are consistent with those of other study designs (post-mortem brain expression, animal studies, genome-wide association, brain imaging). Future studies should focus on refined study designs (family-based, pharmacogenomics, gene editing) and a combination of cellular studies with deep clinical phenotyping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Manasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seshadri
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Debanjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India. Electronic address: bijuv1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Biju
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viswanath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Purushottam
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venkatasubramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; D008954:Models, Biological; D012559:Schizophrenia
keywords: Cell model; Neuron; Pluripotent; Psychosis; Schizophrenia