title: Comparative pharmacokinetics of chlorogenic acid in beagles after oral administrations of single compound, the extracts of Lonicera japanica, and the mixture of chlorogenic acid, baicalin, and Forsythia suspense.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlorogenic acid (ChA) is the major compound in Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), which is mainly composed of ChA, baicalin, and Forsythia suspense Thunb Vahl.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effects of co-existing compounds in SHL and Lonicera japanica Thunb on the absorption of ChA was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to 3 × 3 Latin-square test, ChA alone, the extracts of Lonicera japanica, or the mixture of ChA, baicalin and Forsythia suspense (ChA effective doses is 60 mg/kg) was separately given to six beagles for seven days. The oral pharmacokinetic parameters of ChA in plasma, urine and faeces were quantified by HPLC/UV and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pharmacokinetic parameters of ChA alone, the extracts of Lonicera japanica, and the mixture of ChA, baicalin, and Forsythia suspense were as followed: Cmax(2.350 ± 0.483, 1.655 ± 0.576, 2.332 ± 0.606 μg/mL), AUC0-∞(6.324 ± 1.853, 4.216 ± 1.886, 6.074 ± 1.473 μg·h/mL), t1/2(0.911 ± 0.187, 1.204 ± 0.309, 1.094 ± 0.193 h), and Tmax(1.861 ± 0.499, 1.000 ± 0.459, 1.833 ± 0.279 h). Accumulative fraction excretion of ChA in urine were 0.73 ± 0.55, 1.25 ± 1.23, 1.05 ± 0.96%, while that in faeces were 0.68 ± 0.94, 0.19 ± 0.40, and 1.76 ± 3.57%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-existing compounds in SHL have no effect on the absorption of ChA, while the concomitant compounds in Lonicera japanica could decrease that of ChA. ChA in Beagles might have high biological transformation.
authors.affiliation: a School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University , Chengdu , China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu , China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: b Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu , China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: b Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu , China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D031657:Forsythia; D031239:Lonicera; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C038044:baicalin
keywords: Oral absorption; accumulative fraction excretion; concomitant compounds; pharmacokinetic parameters