title: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and abnormal glucose metabolism in the inpatient psychiatric setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: To systematically determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in psychiatric inpatients and explore the impact of patient and study variables on prevalence estimates.
  
  
  
  We searched EMBASE, PsychINFO, Medline and CENTRAL from database inception until 1st December 2015. We included studies of any design reporting prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in any adult psychiatric inpatients. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis to generate pooled prevalence estimates. Chi-square tests compared differences within categorical variables (inpatient setting, continent of study and patient diagnostic category) and Spearman's correlation analyses assessed the impact of linear variables (age, year of data collection and study quality). Study quality was assessed using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
  
  
  
  36 study reports representing 42 unique cohorts were included. Across all studies prevalence of unspecified type DM was 10% (95%CI: 9-12), of T1DM was 1% (0-1), of T2DM was 9% (6-13), of IFG 18% (8-28), and of IGT was 22% (16-28). These estimates were not affected by study quality.
  
  
  
  All estimates are higher compared to the general population. Mental health professionals should be aware of this elevated prevalence to improve screening and management of abnormal glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. Electronic address: emmert.roberts@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Emmert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.affiliation: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matcham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: The Herschel Prins Centre, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Toral
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, York, UK; Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Khalida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: West Hampshire Community Diabetes Service, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Pikes Hill, Lyndhurst, UK.
authors.forename: Hermione
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Inpatient psychiatry; Serious mental illness