title: In silico prediction of drug resistance due to S247R mutation of Influenza H1N1 neuraminidase protein.
abstract: We present here in silico studies on antiviral drug resistance due to a novel mutation of influenza A/H1N1 neuraminidase (NA) protein. Influenza A/H1N1 virus was responsible for a recent pandemic and is currently circulating among the seasonal influenza strains. M2 and NA are the two major viral proteins related to pathogenesis in humans and have been targeted for drug designing. Among them, NA is preferred because the ligand-binding site of NA is highly conserved between different strains of influenza virus. Different mutations of the NA active site residues leading to drug resistance or susceptibility of the virus were studied earlier. We report here a novel mutation (S247R) in the NA protein that was sequenced earlier from the nasopharyngeal swab from Sri Lanka and Thailand in the year 2009 and 2011, respectively. Another mutation (S247N) was already known to confer resistance to oseltamivir. We did a comparative study of these two mutations vis-a-vis the drug-sensitive wild type NA to understand the mechanism of drug resistance of S247N and to predict the probability of the novel S247R mutation to become resistant to the currently available drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir. We performed molecular docking- and molecular dynamics-based analysis of both the mutant proteins and showed that mutation of S247R affects drug binding to the protein by positional displacement due to altered active site cavity architecture, which in turn reduces the affinity of the drug molecules to the NA active site. Our analysis shows that S247R may have high probability of being resistant.
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Informatics Centre , National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases , P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beleghata , Kolkata 700 010 , India.
authors.forename: Rahul Shubhra
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: b Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases , P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata , Kolkata 700 010 , India.
authors.forename: Samiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Informatics Centre , National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases , P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beleghata , Kolkata 700 010 , India.
authors.forename: Santasabuj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D008024:Ligands; D009154:Mutation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D053243:Zanamivir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D014764:Viral Proteins; D053139:Oseltamivir; C487630:NA protein, influenza A virus; D009439:Neuraminidase; D053243:Zanamivir
keywords: H1N1; drug-resistance; homology modeling; molecular docking; molecular dynamics simulation; mutation