title: Metabolic characterization of invaded cells of the pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1.
abstract: We previously reported that about 0.4% of cells in the cultured human pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1, can invade matrigel during the transwell invasion assay, suggesting that these invaded PANC-1 cells may have specific characteristics to keep their invasive potential. To identify the metabolic characterization specific in the invaded PANC-1 cells, metabolome analysis of the invaded PANC-1 compared with the whole cultured PANC-1 was performed using CE-TOFMS, and concentrations of 110 metabolites were measured. In contrast to the whole cultured cells, the invaded PANC-1 was characterized as a population with reduced levels of amino acids and TCA cycle intermediates, and decreased and increased intermediates in glycolysis and nucleic acid metabolism. In particular, the ratio of both adenosine and guanosine energy charge was reduced in the invaded cells, revealing that the consumption of ATP and GTP was high in the invaded cells, and thus suggesting that ATP- or GTP-generating pathways are stimulated. In addition, the GSH/GSSG ratio was low in the invaded cells, but these cells had a higher surviving fraction after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the invaded cells were the population resistant to oxidative stress. Furthermore, reduction in intracellular GSH content inhibited PANC-1 invasiveness, indicated that GSH has an important role in PANC-1 invasiveness. Overall, we propose the invaded cells have several unique metabolic profiles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-4573
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imadome
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009696:Nucleic Acids; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: CE-TOFMS; PANC-1; invasion; metabolome; transwell invasion assay