title: Artificial pneumothorax: a safe and simple method to relieve pain during microwave ablation of subpleural lung malignancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microwave ablation has been extensively used for eliminating pulmonary tumors; however, it is usually associated with severe pain under local anesthesia. Decreasing the power and shortening the ablation time can help to relieve the pain; however, this leads to incomplete ablation and an increasing recurrence rate. This research aims to employ an artificial pneumothorax to increase both the curative effect and pain relief during the ablation procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2013 to January 2015, nine patients presenting with 10 subpleural lung tumors (age: 44-78 years) with a high possibility of severe pain underwent the artificial pneumothorax during microwave ablation. The pain assessment scores and complications induced by the artificial pneumothorax were recorded and analyzed by a CT scan follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumors of the nine patients were eliminated successfully using microwave ablation with artificial pneumothorax under local anesthesia. The pain caused by the ablation was relieved to a great extent with an average rate of 94.66% (range: 63.3%-100%) and all tumors were ablated completely. No severe complications occurred after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The artificial pneumothorax is a reliable therapy to improve the curative effect of microwave ablation under local anesthesia by relieving the pain of the patients.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , PLA 401 Hospital , Qingdao , China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , PLA 401 Hospital , Qingdao , China.
authors.forename: Xingjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , PLA 401 Hospital , Qingdao , China.
authors.forename: Haiwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , PLA 401 Hospital , Qingdao , China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anesthesiology , PLA 401 Hospital , Qingdao , China.
authors.forename: Yuanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D011031:Pneumothorax, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Artificial pneumothorax; lung tumor; microwave ablation; relieving pain