title: Dietary intake and lipid profile in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are advised to derive 35% of their daily energy intake from dietary fat. Whether this high fat intake is associated with dyslipidaemia is unknown. We described the lipid profile and dietary intake in paediatric patients with CF.
  
  
  METHODS
  110 fasting lipid concentrations of 110 Dutch patients with CF were studied, along with 86 measurements of dietary intake. For the total group and for boys and girls separately, the lipid profile and the dietary intake were investigated. The cross-sectional relationship between the lipid concentrations and dietary intake was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dietary fat intake was ≥35% of the total energy intake, along with a considerable consumption of saturated fat. We found lower concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased concentrations of triglyceride and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios. Lipid concentrations were not associated with dietary fat intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study lacks variation in dietary fat intake to exclude an effect on lipid concentrations as the distribution of dietary fat intake remained constant at a high level. Elevated triglyceride concentrations and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Any negative consequences of a high dietary fat intake on the overall lipid profile later in life cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Dietetics and, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.w.woestenenk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Woestenenk
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, and Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, KE.04.133.1, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dorothea A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schulkes
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: van der Ent
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, and Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, KE.04.133.1, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roderick H J
authors.initials: RHJ
authors.lastname: Houwen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cholesterol; Cystic fibrosis; Dietary intake; Fat intake; Lipid profile; Triglyceride