title: Evaluation of Eye Protection Filters Used with Broad-Spectrum and Conventional LED Curing Lights.
abstract: The high irradiance and the different emission spectra from contemporary light curing units (LCU) may cause ocular damage. This study evaluated the ability of 15 eye protection filters: 2 glasses, 1 paddle design, and 12 dedicated filters to block out harmful light from a monowave (HP-3M ESPE) and a broad-spectrum (Valo, Ultradent) LED LCU. Using the anterior sensor in the MARC-Patient Simulator (BlueLight Analytics) the irradiance that was delivered through different eye protection filters was measured three times. The LCUs delivered a similar irradiance to the top of the filter. The mean values of the light that passed through the filters as percent of the original irradiance were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a= 0.05). The emission spectra from the LCUs and through the filters were also obtained. Two-way ANOVA showed that the interaction between protective filters and LCUs significantly influenced the amount of light transmitted (p< 0.001). Tukey test showed that the amount of light transmitted through the protective filters when using the HP-3M-ESPE was significantly greater compared to when using the Valo, irrespective of the protective filter tested. When using the HP-3M-ESPE, the Glasses filter allowed significantly more light through, followed by XL 3000, ORTUS, Google Professional, Gnatus filters. The Valo filter was the most effective at blocking out the harmful light. Some protective filters were less effective at blocking the lower wavelengths of light (<420 nm). However, even in the worst scenario, the filters were able to block at least 97% of the irradiance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monise de Paula
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andomar Bruno Fernandes
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erick René Cerda
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rizo
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorraine Braga
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard Bengt
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005135:Eye Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D055095:Optics and Photonics