title: The Apolipoprotein L1 Gene and Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: Relative to those with European ancestry, African Americans have an excess incidence of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease predominantly due to two coding renal-risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1). ThisAPOL1-kidney disease association is independent of systemic hypertension or blood pressure. Recent reports describe extra-renal effects of theAPOL1G1 and G2 renal-risk variants on cardiovascular disease (CVD), subclinical atherosclerosis, lipoprotein particle concentrations, and survival. However, results have been less consistent than those seen in kidney disease, and the observedAPOL1associations with CVD vary from risk to protective. This manuscript reviews the relationships betweenAPOL1renal-risk variants and CVD, with an emphasis on study-specific factors that may have contributed to disparate observations. It is possible thatAPOL1renal-risk variants impact the systemic vasculature, not only the kidneys. As novel therapies forAPOL1-associated nephropathy are developed, APOL1 variant protein effects on large blood vessels and risk of CVD will need to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C108666:APOL1 protein, human; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL
keywords: APOL1; African Americans; apolipoprotein L1 gene; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; myocardial infarction