title: Cadmium and chlorpyrifos inhibit cellular immune response in spleen of rats.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are common pollutants coexisting in the environment, and both of them have been reported to have immunotoxicity to organisms. However, the joint effects of these two chemicals on the immune system are still unknown. In this study, we used CdCl2and CPF to study their combined effects on immune functions in the spleen of rats. In in vivo experiments, SD rats were exposed to different doses of CdCl2(0.7 and 6 mg kg-1body weight/day) and CPF (1.7 and 15 mg kg-1body weight/day) or their combinations for consecutive 28 days. The proliferation and cytokine production ability of the splenocytes isolated from the treated animals were assessed. In in vitro experiments, we used different concentrations of CdCl2and CPF to treat concanavalin A (Con A)-induced splenocytes isolated from untreated rats. We found that the combination of CPF and high dose of CdCl2had a synergistic inhibitory effect on production of IFN-γ by spleen cells induced by Con A. The in vitro results showed that two chemicals had different effects on the cell proliferation and cytokine production depending on the exposure doses and time. This result suggests that exposure to both CdCl2and CPF at the environmentally-relevant low dose may be potentially more hazardous than exposure to each individual toxicant.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.|Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D007376:Interleukin-2; D003208:Concanavalin A; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: cadmium; chlorpyrifos; immunotoxicity; metal; pesticide; splenocytes