title: Comparative Genome Analyses ofVibrio anguillarumStrains Reveal a Link with Pathogenicity Traits.
abstract: Vibrio anguillarumis a marine bacterium that can cause vibriosis in many fish and shellfish species, leading to high mortalities and economic losses in aquaculture. Although putative virulence factors have been identified, the mechanism of pathogenesis ofV. anguillarumis not fully understood. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequences of a collection ofV. anguillarumstrains and compared them to virulence of the strains as determined in larval challenge assays. Previously identified virulence factors were globally distributed among the strains, with some genetic diversity. However, the pan-genome revealed that six out of nine high-virulence strains possessed a unique accessory genome that was attributed to pathogenic genomic islands, prophage-like elements, virulence factors, and a new set of gene clusters involved in biosynthesis, modification, and transport of polysaccharides. In contrast,V. anguillarumstrains that were medium to nonvirulent had a high degree of genomic homogeneity. Finally, we found that a phylogeny based on the core genomes clustered the strains with moderate to no virulence, while six out of nine high-virulence strains represented phylogenetically separate clusters. Hence, we suggest a link between genotype and virulence characteristics ofVibrio anguillarum, which can be used to unravel the molecular evolution ofV. anguillarumand can also be important from survey and diagnostic perspectives.IMPORTANCEComparative genome analysis of strains of a pathogenic bacterial species can be a powerful tool to discover acquisition of mobile genetic elements related to virulence. Here, we compared 28V. anguillarumstrains that differed in virulence in fish larval models. By pan-genome analyses, we found that six of nine highly virulent strains had a unique core and accessory genome. In contrast,V. anguillarumstrains that were medium to nonvirulent had low genomic diversity. Integration of genomic and phenotypic features provides insights into the evolution ofV. anguillarumand can also be important for survey and diagnostic purposes.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Alvise
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Bio Science Park, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ruiqi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: BGI Park, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Faxing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Middelboe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gram
keywords: genomics; pan-genome; virulence factors