title: Exploration of the metal coordination region of concanavalin A for its interaction with human norovirus.
abstract: Rapid methods for the detection and clinical treatment of human norovirus (HuNoV) are needed to control foodborne disease outbreaks, but reliable techniques that are fast and sensitive enough to detect small amounts of HuNoV in food and aquatic environments are not yet available. We explore the interactions between HuNoV and concanavalin A (Con A), which could facilitate the development of a sensitive detection tool for HuNoV. Biophysical studies including hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed that when the metal coordinated region of Con A, which spans Asp16 to His24, is converted to nine alanine residues (mCon AMCR), the affinity for HuNoV (GII.4) diminishes, demonstrating that this Ca2+and Mn2+coordinated region is responsible for the observed virus-protein interaction. The mutated carbohydrate binding region of Con A (mCon ACBR) does not affect binding affinity significantly, indicating that MCR of Con A is a major region of interaction to HuNoV (GII.4). The results further contribute to the development of a HuNoV concentration tool, Con A-immobilized polyacrylate beads (Con A-PAB), for rapid detection of genotypes from genogroups I and II (GI and GII). This method offers many advantages over currently available methods, including a short concentration time. HuNov (GI and GII) can be detected in just 15 min with 90% recovery through Con A-PAB application. In addition, this method can be used over a wide range of pH values (pH 3.0 - 10.0). Overall, this rapid and sensitive detection of HuNoV (GI and GII) will aid in the prevention of virus transmission pathways, and the method developed here may have applicability for other foodborne viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Duwoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Protzman
authors.affiliation: Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dongkyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Division, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61986, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bipin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: slee026@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: joseph@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008863:Microspheres; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003208:Concanavalin A; D008670:Metals; D037121:Plant Lectins; D030262:Soybean Proteins; C028824:soybean lectin; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C006903:carbopol 940
keywords: Concanavalin A; Human norovirus (GI and GII); Lectin; Metal coordination; Polyacrylamide bead