title: A multicenter study of the impella device for mechanical support of the systemic circulation in pediatric and adolescent patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to review the use of Impella devices (Abiomed Inc, Danvers, MA) for temporary circulatory support in pediatric and adolescent patients (age ≤ 21 yrs).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Options for minimally invasive circulatory support in children are limited, and published data are confined to case reports and small case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, multicenter review of Impella implants in pediatric and adolescent patients from 2009-15, using standardized data collection and INTERMACS definitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 39 implants were performed in 38 patients from 16 centers. Median age and weight were 16 yrs (4-21 yrs) and 62 kg (15-134 kg). The primary indication for implant was cardiogenic shock in 28 patients (72%). Cardiac allograft rejection, myocarditis, or cardiomyopathy were the underlying diagnosis in 23 patients (59%); 11 patients had congenital heart disease. The median duration of support was 45 hr (1-1224 hr). Indications for explant included ventricular recovery in 16 patients, transition to another device in 12, death in 5, and transplant in 1. Survival was 85% at 7 days and 68% at 30 days. Major adverse events occurred in 8 patients: hemolysis in 3, bleeding in 2, stroke in 1 (unclear if related to Impella), sepsis in 1, and critical leg ischemia in 1. An increase in aortic regurgitation was noted in three patients, with no evidence of valve injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temporary circulatory support with Impella devices is feasible in pediatric and adolescent patients, with acceptable risk profiles. More experience and follow up is needed to improve technical performance and patient selection. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: V Vivian
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Dimas
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-7518
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Morray
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Almond
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Shabana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahanavaz
authors.affiliation: Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Sebastian C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tume
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Lynn F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Doff B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.affiliation: Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Justino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: congenital heart disease; mechanical support; pediatrics