title: Not all identification tasks are born equal: testing the involvement of production processes in perceptual identification and lexical decision.
abstract: The distinction between identification and production processes suggests that implicit memory should require more attention resources when there is a competition between alternative solutions during the test phase. The present two experiments assessed this hypothesis by examining the effects of divided attention (DA) at encoding on the high- and low-response-competition versions of perceptual identification (Experiment 1) and lexical decision (Experiment 2). In both experiments, words presented in the high-response-competition condition had many orthographic neighbours and at least one higher-frequency neighbour, whereas words presented in the low-response-competition condition had few orthographic neighbours and no higher-frequency neighbour. Consistent with the predictions of the identification/production distinction, Experiment 1 showed that DA reduced repetition priming in the high-, but not in the low-response-competition version of perceptual identification; in contrast, DA had comparable effects in the two versions of lexical decision (Experiments 2). These findings provide the first experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that perceptual identification, a task nominally based on identification processes, might involve a substantive production component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spataro
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Neurobiology Institute, C.N.R National Research Council of Italy, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, 00143, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saraulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Davie Hall341B, Chapel Hill, NC, 3270, USA.
authors.forename: Neil W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Free University Maria Ss. Assunta (LUMSA), Piazza delle Vaschette101, 00193, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costanzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. clelia.rossi-arnaud@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi-Arnaud
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057567:Memory, Long-Term; D060865:Repetition Priming; D055815:Young Adult