title: Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Constituents and Toxicity of Hot Water Extract from Red Maple Buds.
abstract: The present study reports, for the first time, the results of the antioxidant capacity and the phenolic composition of a hot water extract from red maple buds (RMB), as well as its safety. In this regard and comparatively to antioxidant standards, this extract exhibits a significant antiradical capacity when tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) and anion superoxide trapping assays. High-resolution mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses permitted to determine for the first time, in red maple species, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, and quercetin. Also, the quantification of individual phenolics by high-performance liquid chromatography method revealed that ginnalin A at 117.0 mg/g is the major compound of RMB hot water extract. Finally, using flow cytometry evaluation, the extract of RMB was determined to have no toxicity neither to cause significant modification of apoptosis process, up to concentration of 100 μg/ml, on human peripheral blood neutrophils. These results allow anticipating various fields of application of RMB water extract.
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie et Géomatique, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables (CRMR), Université Laval, 2425 rue de la Terrasse, Pavillon G-H Kruger, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.|Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.|Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.|Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
authors.forename: Naamwin R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Meda
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
authors.forename: Patrice E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Poubelle
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie et Géomatique, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables (CRMR), Université Laval, 2425 rue de la Terrasse, Pavillon G-H Kruger, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.|Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.|Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stevanovic
mesh_terms: D031002:Acer / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001773:Blood Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C575803:ginnalin A; D014867:Water; D005707:Gallic Acid; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Acer rubrum L.; Antiradical capacity; Maple buds; Neutrophil viability; Phenolic compounds