title: Effect of Intravenous Infusion of G-CSF-Mobilized Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on Upper Extremity Function in Cerebral Palsy Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMC) mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven children with CP were enrolled. Ten patients were excluded due to follow-up loss. In total, 47 patients (30 males and 17 females) were analyzed. All patients' parents provided signed consent before the start of the study. After administration of G-CSF for 5 days, mPBMC was collected and cryopreserved. Patients were randomized into two groups 1 month later. Twenty-two patients were administered mPBMC and 25 patients received normal saline as placebo. Six months later, the two groups were switched, and administered mPBMC and placebo, respectively. Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) were used to evaluate upper motor function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subdomain and total scores of QUEST were significantly improved after mPBMC and placebo infusion, without significant differences between mPBMC and placebo groups. A month after G-CSF, all subdomain and total scores of QUEST were improved. The level of MACS remained unchanged in both mPBMC and placebo groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, intravenously infused mPBMC showed no significant effect on upper extremity function in children with CP, as compared to placebo. The effect of mPBMC was likely masked by the effect of G-CSF, which was used in both groups and/or G-CSF itself might have other neurotrophic potentials in children with CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong Il
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8226-2044
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1498-2773
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wee-Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6634-1420
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rah
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5575-8914
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Si-Bog
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8910-2262
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9138-4059
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.; Blood & Marrow Transplantation Center, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2351-6443
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Blood & Marrow Transplantation Center, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6786-0038
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jang Soo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5755-4328
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hye
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9887-5918
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Un Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2199-6287
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Jung
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2920-9900
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cerebral palsy; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation; Upper extremity