title: Furcation Therapy With Enamel Matrix Derivative: Effects on the Subgingival Microbiome.
abstract: Although enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used to promote periodontal regeneration, little is known of its effect on the microbiome. Therefore, this investigation aims to identify changes in periodontal microbiome after treatment with EMD using a deep-sequencing approach.
  
  
  
  Thirty-nine patients with mandibular Class II buccal furcation defects were randomized to beta-tricalcium-phosphate/hydroxyapatite graft (BONE group), EMD+BONE, or EMD alone. Plaque was collected from furcation defects at baseline and 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Bacterial DNA was analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S pyrotag sequencing, resulting in 169,000 classifiable sequences being compared with the Human Oral Microbiome Database. Statistical comparisons were made using parametric tests.
  
  
  
  At baseline, a total of 422 species were identified from the 39 defects, belonging to Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Filifactor, and Parvimonas. All three regenerative procedures predictably altered the disease-associated microbiome, with a restitution of health-compatible species. However, EMD and BONE+EMD groups demonstrated more long-term reductions in a higher number of species than the BONE group (P <0.05), especially disease-associated species, e.g., Selenomonas noxia, F. alocis, and Fusobacterium.
  
  
  
  EMD treatment predictably alters a dysbiotic subgingival microbiome, decreasing pathogen richness and increasing commensal abundance. Further investigations are needed to investigate how this impacts regenerative outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato C V
authors.initials: RCV
authors.lastname: Casarin
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Shareef M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dabdoub
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Dimitris N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tatakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enilson A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Purnima S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Bacteria; RNA, ribosomal, 16S; dental enamel proteins; furcation defects; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; periodontitis