title: Energy Drink Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative Damage in Rat Liver and Brain When Used Alone or Combined with Alcohol.
abstract: Energy drinks (ED) are containing large doses of metabolic stimulants and its use with ethanol has increased dramatically among young adults. In this study, we examined the effects of ED exposure either alone or in combination with ethanol on oxidative stress parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lipid peroxidation parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat. Some histopathological findings were also evaluated. ED exposure led to a dose-dependent increase in liver MDA compared to the control indicating oxidative damage. Histopathological findings also revealed that ED alone may generate liver damage. Ethanol exposure increased MDA level and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity in both the brain and the liver. The combination of ethanol and ED produced greater damage which is considered by further increases in SOD and GSH-Px activity in the brain. Similar results for MDA were observed in both the liver and brain as well. Our findings suggest that ED consumption alone or combination with ethanol may represent a significant public health concern.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rengin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charehsaz
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sipahi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asiye Işın Doğan
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çağlar
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Macit
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydın
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: alcohol; energy drink; ethanol and energy drink mixture; lipid peroxidation; oxidative stress