title: Prognostic Predictors of Visual Outcome in Open Globe Injury: Emphasis on Facial CT Findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present prognostic models for open globe injuries have a limited ability to predict visual outcome before a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination or operation because they depend on the data derived from the ophthalmologic examination and intraoperative findings. The purpose of our study was to determine the specific CT and preoperative clinical data that can predict the prognosis of open globe injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the relationship of 29 variables derived from clinical and CT data from 97 globe injuries with visual acuity at 1 month. A prediction model was derived from 49 globe injuries by regression analysis, followed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the best CT predictor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four variables with significance on a regression model were the following: posterior segment hemorrhage (β = -0.93,P< .0001), presenting visual acuity (β = 0.28,P= .042), orbital emphysema (β = 0.46,P= .0018), and complex facial fracture (β = -0.43,P= .009). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the posterior segment hemorrhage predicted profound vision loss (light perception or no light perception) with an area under the curve of 0.97. The receiver operating characteristic table indicated that grade III posterior segment hemorrhage has a strong positive predictive value of 100% for profound vision loss. On the other hand, the absence of posterior segment hemorrhage has a strong positive predictive value of 93% for mild-to-severe vision loss (visual acuity better than light perception).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiologists, with the help of CT and preoperative clinical data, can predict visual acuity after open globe injury.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (U.K.B., D.D., K.L.A.-A., B.S.) ubodanapally@umm.edu.
authors.forename: U K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-816X
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Bodanapally
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Medicine (H.A., S.F.), Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-6319
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Addis
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (U.K.B., D.D., K.L.A.-A., B.S.).
authors.forename: D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-0912
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dreizin
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (A.K.R.), Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: A K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-823X
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (J.A.M., O.S.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: J A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-6051
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Margo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (U.K.B., D.D., K.L.A.-A., B.S.).
authors.forename: K L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-9823
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Archer-Arroyo
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Medicine (H.A., S.F.), Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-7481
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (U.K.B., D.D., K.L.A.-A., B.S.).
authors.forename: B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-6292
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saboury
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences (K.S.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-8975
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudini
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (J.A.M., O.S.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: O
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-4604
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saeedi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014792:Visual Acuity