title: Factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and perceptions of risk factors among reproductive age women in Soba LGA, Kaduna State 2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal mortality defined as deaths due to complications of pregnancy or childbirth remains a public health concern. Although statistics show a decline in maternal mortality ratio from 380 deaths to 210 deaths per 100,000 live births from1990 to 2013, in Sub-Saharan Africa, maternal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Maternal mortality In Nigeria is currently 560/100,000 live births. This study was conducted to identify the associated risk factors and perceptions of adverse pregnancy outcomes among reproductive age women in Soba local government area (LGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1:1 unmatched case control study with 138 respondents was used. Cases were women aged 15-49 years with a history of adverse pregnancy outcome. Controls: 15-49 years without a history of adverse outcomes. Adverse outcomes were: pregnancy induced hypertension and spontaneous abortions. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) with grandmothers, mothers and teenagers were used to explore perceptions. Quantitative data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.3. Qualitative data analyzed by thematic approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of cases was: 25 years (Range: 16-44years), Median age of controls: 27 years (Range: 16-43years). Commencement of Antenatal care (ANC) attendance <4months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12-0.81) and Number of pregnancies ≥4 (AOR: 5.02; 95% CI: 1.97-12.82) were found to be associated with adverse outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors associated with outcomes are multiple pregnancies and delayed commencement of antenatal care. There was poor perception of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We recommended frequent community health talks, early commencement of antenatal and Utilization of Family planning services.
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aishatu Abubakar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poggensee
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguku
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kabir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sabitu
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.affiliation: University of western cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Thandi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puone
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008423:Maternal Age; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Antenatal; Nigeria; eclampsia; pregnancy