title: Amniotic membrane as an option for treatment of acute Achilles tendon injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of human amniotic membrane (hAM) fragment on inflammatory response, proliferation of fibroblast and organization of collagen fibers in injured tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups: C - surgical procedures without tendon lesion and with simulation of hAM application; I - surgical procedures, tendon injury and simulation of hAM application; T - surgical procedures, tendon injury and hAM application. These groups were subdivided into four experimental times (3, 7, 14 and 28 days). The samples underwent histological analysis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological analysis at 14 days, the T group showed collagen fibers with better alignment. At 28 days, the I group presented the characteristics described for the T group at 14 days, while this group presented aspects of a mature connective tissue. FT-IR analysis showed a clear distinction among the three groups at all experimental times and groups T and I presented more similarities to each other than to group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute injury of tendon treated with human amniotic membrane fragment showed a faster healing process, reduction in inflammatory response, intense proliferation of fibroblasts and organization of collagen fibers.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana de Castro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nicodemo
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lia Renó das
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Physics, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josafá Carvalho
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flaviane de Souza
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Nanosensors Laboratory, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Barros
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna
authors.affiliation: Nanosensors Laboratory, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Raniero
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Technology Research Center, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Álvaro Lopes
authors.initials: RÁ
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Photoacoustic Applied to Biological Systems Laboratory, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Roxo
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Barja
authors.affiliation: Biostimulation and Tissue Repair Laboratory, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Arisawa
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012421:Rupture / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen