title: Inactivation modeling of human enteric virus surrogates, MS2, Qβ, and ΦX174, in water using UVC-LEDs, a novel disinfecting system.
abstract: In order to assure the microbial safety of drinking water, UVC-LED treatment has emerged as a possible technology to replace the use of conventional low pressure (LP) mercury vapor UV lamps. In this investigation, inactivation of Human Enteric Virus (HuEV) surrogates with UVC-LEDs was investigated in a water disinfection system, and kinetic model equations were applied to depict the surviving infectivities of the viruses. MS2, Qβ, and ΦX 174 bacteriophages were inoculated into sterile distilled water (DW) and irradiated with UVC-LED printed circuit boards (PCBs) (266nm and 279nm) or conventional LP lamps. Infectivities of bacteriophages were effectively reduced by up to 7-log after 9mJ/cm2treatment for MS2 and Qβ, and 1mJ/cm2for ΦX 174. UVC-LEDs showed a superior viral inactivation effect compared to conventional LP lamps at the same dose (1mJ/cm2). Non-log linear plot patterns were observed, so that Weibull, Biphasic, Log linear-tail, and Weibull-tail model equations were used to fit the virus survival curves. For MS2 and Qβ, Weibull and Biphasic models fit well with R2values approximately equal to 0.97-0.99, and the Weibull-tail equation accurately described survival of ΦX 174. The level of UV-susceptibility among coliphages measured by the inactivation rate constant, k, was statistically different (ΦX 174 (ssDNA)>MS2, Qβ (ssRNA)), and indicated that sensitivity to UV was attributed to viral genetic material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Kyun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kang7820@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D017908:Allolevivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010584:Bacteriophage phi X 174 / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000821:virology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007700:Kinetics; D017909:Levivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D060753:Water Quality; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water
keywords: Human enteric virus; Inactivation; Kinetics; MS2; Modeling; Qβ; UVC-LED; Water disinfection; ΦX174