title: [The Littorina species of the European coasts: No model for the evolution of terrestrial gastropods].
abstract: The Littorina-species of the European coasts are completely isoosmotic with their environment.Small specimens (species) have very small gills; with increasing size the gills grow rapidly. The gills of different species of identical size show no difference. The reproduction does not trend towards direct development parallel to the habitat of the species.Therefore the Littorina species are no model for the evolution of terrestrial gastropods, their characteristics are merely those of intertidal animals.
authors.affiliation: II. Zoologisches Institute Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remmert