title: Proteomic profiling of fetal esophageal epithelium, esophageal cancer, and tumor-adjacent esophageal epithelium and immunohistochemical characterization of a representative differential protein, PRX6.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the molecular mechanism of esophageal cancer development and provide molecular markers for screening high-risk populations and early diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry were adopted to screen differentially expressed proteins in nine cases of fetal esophageal epithelium, eight cases of esophageal cancer, and eight cases of tumor-adjacent normal esophageal epithelium collected from fetuses of different gestational age, or esophageal cancer patients from a high-risk area of esophageal cancer in China. Immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex method) was used to detect the expression of peroxiredoxin (PRX)6 in 91 cases of esophageal cancer, tumor-adjacent normal esophageal tissue, basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinomain situ, as well as 65 cases of esophageal epithelium from fetuses at a gestational age of 3-9 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After peptide mass fingerprint analysis and search of protein databases, 21 differential proteins were identified; some of which represent a protein isoform. Varying degrees of expression of PRX6 protein, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, were detected in adult and fetal normal esophageal tissues, precancerous lesions, and esophageal cancer. With the progression of esophageal lesions, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend (P< 0.05). In fetal epithelium from fetuses at gestational age 3-6 mo, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend with age (P< 0.05). PRX6 protein expression was significantly higher in well-differentiated esophageal cancer tissues than in poorly differentiated esophageal cancer tissues (P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development and progression of esophageal cancer result from interactions of genetic changes (accumulation or superposition). PRX6 protein is associated with fetal esophageal development and cancer differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Lan
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zong-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004848:Epithelium / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D054465:Peroxiredoxin VI / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C515977:PRDX6 protein, human; D054465:Peroxiredoxin VI
keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Fetal esophageal epithelium; Proteomics; Tumor-adjacent esophageal epithelium