title: Awake1, an ABC-Type Transporter, Reveals an Essential Role for Suberin in the Control of Seed Dormancy.
abstract: The mother plant plays an important dynamic role in the control of dormancy of her progeny seed in response to environmental signals. In order to further understand the mechanisms by which this dormancy control takes place in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we conducted a forward genetic screen to isolate mutants that fail to enter dormancy in response to variation in temperature during seed set. We show that, for the first of these mutants, designatedawake1, the maternal allele is required for entry into strongly dormant states and thatawake1mutants show seed phenotypes shown previously to be associated with the loss of suberin in the seed. We identifyawake1as an allele ofABCG20, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene required for the transport of fatty acids during suberin deposition, and show that further suberin-deficient mutants have seed dormancy defects. Seed coat suberin composition is affected by temperature during seed maturation, but this response appears to be independent of ABCG20. We conclude that seed coat suberin is essential for seed dormancy imposition by low temperature and that the exclusion of oxygen and water from the seed by the suberin and tannin layers is important for dormancy imposition.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-0651
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fedi
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Carmel M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-9013
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Martin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-5012
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trick
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dechirico
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-9723
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corbineau
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-9249
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailly
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.).|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.).
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-5136
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Eastmond
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (F.F.); steven.penfield@jic.ac.uk.|Department of Crop Genetics (C.M.O., S.P.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (M.T.), John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; steven.penfield@jic.ac.uk.|Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.M., S.D., P.J.E.); and steven.penfield@jic.ac.uk.|Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France (F.C., C.B.) steven.penfield@jic.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-8298
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penfield
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D057445:Plant Dormancy / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water; C065875:suberin; D010100:Oxygen