title: High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Are Not Affected by Supervised Exercise but Are Associated with Baseline Interleukin-6 in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, efflux capacity, and inflammatory markers at baseline and the effect of supervised exercise on these HDL parameters in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study to improve leg circulation (SILC) was a randomized trial of supervised treadmill exercise, leg resistance training, or control in individuals with PAD. In apost hoccross-sectional analysis, we quantified the associations between baseline HDL subfraction concentrations (HDL2 and HDL3), HDL-C efflux capacity, and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. We then examined the effect of supervised exercise on changes in these lipoprotein parameters and inflammatory markers in 88 patients from SILC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline HDL-C efflux capacity was associated with baseline concentrations of HDL2 (β = 0.008,p= 0.0106), HDL3 (β = 0.013,p< 0.0001), and IL-6 (β = -0.019,p= 0.03). Baseline HDL3 concentration was inversely associated with IL-6 concentration (β = -0.99,p= 0.008). Compared to control, changes in HDL2, HDL3, normalized HDL-C efflux capacity, CRP, or IL-6 were not significantly different at 6 months following the structured exercise intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDL efflux and HDL3 were inversely associated with IL-6 in PAD patients. Structured exercise was not associated with changes in HDL subfractions, HDL-C efflux capacity, CRP, and IL-6 in PAD patients. Our preliminary findings support the theory that inflammation may adversely affect HDL structure and function; however, further studies are needed to evaluate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA.
authors.forename: Mazen S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Albaghdadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA.
authors.forename: R Kannan
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mutharasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkins
keywords: HDL efflux capacity; HDL subfractions; exercise; high-density lipoprotein; peripheral artery disease