title: [Iron Deficiency in Chronic Heart Failure: Diagnostic Algorithm and Present-Day Therapeutic Options].
abstract: Iron deficiency (ID) occurs in up to 50% of patients with heart failure (HF). Even without presence of anaemia ID contributes to more severe symptoms, increased hospitalization and mortality. A number of randomized controlled trials demonstrated the clinical benefit of replenishment of iron stores with improvement of symptoms and fewer hospitalizations. Assessment of iron status should therefore become routine assessment in newly diagnosed and in symptomatic patients with HF. ID can be identified with simple and straightforward diagnostic steps. Assessment of Ferritin (indicating iron stores) and transferrin saturation (TSAT, indication capability to mobilise internal iron stores) are sufficient to detect ID. In this review a plain diagnostic algorithm for ID is suggested. Confounding factors for diagnosis and adequate treatment of ID in HF are discussed. A regular workup for iron deficiency parameters may benefit patients with heart failure by providing symptomatic improvements and fewer hospitalizations.
authors.affiliation: Interdisziplinäre Schlaganfallforschung, Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Charité Berlin.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doehner
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine und Interventionelle Kardiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blankenberg
authors.affiliation: Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln.
authors.forename: Erland
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Herzzentrum Göttingen.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasenfuß
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Landmesser
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen), Standort Berlin.
authors.forename: Burkert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pieske
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Philips Universität Marburg (UKGM).
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schieffer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München; Technische Universität München.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Herzzentrum Göttingen.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Haehling
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeiher
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Herzzentrum Göttingen.
authors.forename: Stefan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anker
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic