title: The Relation of Q Angle and Anthropometric Measures with Ankle Sprain; a Case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since most studies on ankle sprain are medical and sports-related and not much epidemiologic and etiologic data from the general population exist in this field, the present study evaluates the relationship between Q angle and anthropometric measures with ankle sprain in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present case-control study, all of the patients over 18 years age presenting to emergency departments (ED) of two educational Hospitals, complaining from ankle sprain, were evaluated during more than 1 year. A checklist consisting of demographic data, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and history of ankle sprain, as well as degree of Q angle was filled for all participants. The correlation of mentioned variables with incidence of ankle sprain was calculated using SPSS 22.
  
  
  RESULTS
  300 patients with ankle sprain were evaluated (53.5% male). Mean age of the patients was 37.03 ± 14.20 years. Mean weight, height, and BMI were 71.71 ± 11.26 (43 - 114), 168.74 ± 8.63 (143 - 190) and 25.14 ± 3.19 (18.41 - 38.95), respectively. Mean Q angle of the patients was 12.78 ± 3.19 degrees (5 - 23). There was a significant correlation between weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), history of sprain (r: 0.26, p < 0.001) and Q angle (p = 0.002) with incidence of ankle sprain. In addition, there was a significant statistical correlation between weight (p = 0.031), BMI (p = 0.020) and Q angle (p = 0.004) with history of ankle sprain. In patients with a history of ankle sprain, Q angle was wider by about 2 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that the prevalence of ankle sprain directly correlates with high weight, BMI, and Q angle and is more prevalent in those with a history of sprain. Although the findings of the present study show a statistically significant correlation between these factors and ankle sprain, the correlation is not clinically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of emergency medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zamani Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Department of emergency medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Taha
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hoseini
authors.affiliation: Department of emergency medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Masoud
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hashemian
authors.affiliation: Department of emergency medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Davood
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sharifi
keywords: Ankle; Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Emergency service; Lateral Ligament; hospital