title: 4D-CT angiography with arterial- and venous-phase anatomical pre-surgical approaches in cases with head and neck neoplasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between neoplasm and its surrounding vascular structure is essential to the following clinical treatment plan. In this study, 4D computed tomography angiography (4D-CTA) with a wide scan range and dynamic phases of arteriography and venography was used to describe detailed anatomical information for pre-surgical approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2011 to February 2012, we subjected 13 patients with head and neck neoplasms to 4D-CTA. 4D-CTA was performed by a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner of 320 detectors. The parameters were set to a 0.5 mm section thickness, at 0.5 second per rotation, 80 kV and 150 mA. The scan range was set depending on the tumor size, with a maximal setting of 16 cm. A 30 mL contrast medium with 60 mL saline was injected at the rate of 5-7 mL per second based on the vascular patency, scanning every 2 seconds from the 16th to the 28th second after contrast injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vasculature surrounding the tumors was successfully illustrated in all cases. The 4D-CTA provided detailed vascular information that was compatible with the surgical and angiographic findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4D-CTA with a wide scan range and precise injection timing methods facilitated an anatomical approach to tumor-related vascular structures, providing detailed vascular information. This non-invasive technique may be useful for evaluating neoplasms and developing treatment plans, as an alternative to conventional angiography.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Radiology , Taipei Cathay General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiou-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Radiology , Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kou-Mou
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Radiology , Taipei Cathay General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.|c School of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.|d School of Medicine , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Brain neoplasm; four-dimensional CT angiography (4D-CTA); head and neck; surgical approach