title: Prediction and Identification of Krüppel-Like Transcription Factors by Machine Learning Method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of containing Zn finger(ZF) motif transcription factors with 18 members in human genome, among them, KLF18 is predicted by bioinformatics. KLFs possess various physiological function involving in a number of cancers and other diseases. Here we perform a binary-class classification of KLFs and non-KLFs by machine learning methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protein sequences of KLFs and non-KLFs were searched from UniProt and randomly separate them into training dataset(containing positive and negative sequences) and test dataset(containing only negative sequences), after extracting the 188-dimensional(188D) feature vectors we carry out category with four classifiers(GBDT, libSVM, RF, and k-NN). On the human KLFs, we further dig into the evolutionary relationship and motif distribution, and finally we analyze the conserved amino acid residue of three zinc fingers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The classifier model from training dataset were well constructed, and the highest specificity(Sp) was 99.83% from a library for support vector machine(libSVM) and all the correctly classified rates were over 70% for 10-fold cross-validation on test dataset. The 18 human KLFs can be further divided into 7 groups and the zinc finger domains were located at the carboxyl terminus, and many conserved amino acid residues including Cysteine and Histidine, and the span and interval between them were consistent in the three ZF domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two classification models for KLFs prediction have been built by novel machine learning methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou. China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai. China.
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou. China.
authors.forename: Xingyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Computer and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin. China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069550:Machine Learning; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
keywords: Krüppel-like factor; a library for support vector
  machine; binary-class classification; machine learning method; motif; phylogenetic analysis