title: Effectiveness of manual therapy versus surgery in pain processing due to carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.
abstract: People with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) exhibit widespread pressure pain and thermal pain hypersensitivity as a manifestation of central sensitization. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of manual therapy versus surgery for improving pain and nociceptive gain processing in people with CTS.
  
  
  
  The trial was conducted at a local regional Hospital in Madrid, Spain from August 2014 to February 2015. In this randomized parallel-group, blinded, clinical trial, 100 women with CTS were randomly allocated to either manual therapy (n = 50), who received three sessions (once/week) of manual therapies including desensitization manoeuvres of the central nervous system, or surgical intervention (n = 50) group. Outcomes including pressure pain thresholds (PPT), thermal pain thresholds (HPT or CPT), and pain intensity which were assessed at baseline, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the intervention by an assessor unaware of group assignment. Analysis was by intention to treat with mixed ANCOVAs adjusted for baseline scores.
  
  
  
  At 12 months, 95 women completed the follow-up. Patients receiving manual therapy exhibited higher increases in PPT over the carpal tunnel at 3, 6 and 9 months (all, p < 0.01) and higher decrease of pain intensity at 3 month follow-up (p < 0.001) than those receiving surgery. No significant differences were observed between groups for the remaining outcomes.
  
  
  
  Manual therapy and surgery have similar effects on decreasing widespread pressure pain sensitivity and pain intensity in women with CTS. Neither manual therapy nor surgery resulted in changes in thermal pain sensitivity.
  
  
  
  The current study found that manual therapy and surgery exhibited similar effects on decreasing widespread pressure pain sensitivity and pain intensity in women with carpal tunnel syndrome at medium- and long-term follow-ups investigating changes in nociceptive gain processing after treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Franklin Pierce University, Manchester, USA.|Rehabilitation Services, Concord Hospital, USA.|Manual Therapy Fellowship Program, Regis University, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palacios-Ceña
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuensalida-Novo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pareja
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alburquerque-Sendín
mesh_terms: D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059333:Central Nervous System Sensitization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D013030:Spain