title: Direct Analysis of Samples of Various Origin and Composition Using Specific Types of Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: One of the major sources of error that occur during chemical analysis utilizing the more conventional and established analytical techniques is the possibility of losing part of the analytes during the sample preparation stage. Unfortunately, this sample preparation stage is required to improve analytical sensitivity and precision. Direct techniques have helped to shorten or even bypass the sample preparation stage; and in this review, we comment of some of the new direct techniques that are mass-spectrometry based. The study presents information about the measurement techniques using mass spectrometry, which allow direct sample analysis, without sample preparation or limiting some pre-concentration steps. MALDI - MS, PTR - MS, SIFT - MS, DESI - MS techniques are discussed. These solutions have numerous applications in different fields of human activity due to their interesting properties. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are presented. The trends in development of direct analysis using the aforementioned techniques are also presented.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-4094
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Byliński
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-8363
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gębicki
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dymerski
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D011522:Protons; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D011522:Protons
keywords: Desorption electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry; direct sample analysis; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry; proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry; selected ion flow tube–mass spectrometry