title: Cytokines and90Y-Radioembolization: Relation to Liver Function and Overall Survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the course of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after90Y-radioembolization (RE) of liver malignancies and to identify prognosticators for liver-related adverse events and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 34 consecutive patients with secondary or primary liver tumors scheduled for RE, the following cytokines were measured prior to and 2 h, 3 days, and 6 weeks after RE: interleukin (IL) -1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-γ. Liver function impairment was defined as an elevation of liver-related laboratory values as graded by CTCAE ≥ 2 and/or serum bilirubin ≥30 µmol/l and/or development of ascites at 6-week follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant changes over time were seen in IL-1 (increase from 0.4 pg/ml (±0.7) at baseline to 1.1 pg/ml (±1.4) 3 days after RE (p = 0.02)), and in IL-6 (increase from 16.8 pg/ml (±21.8) at baseline to 54.6 pg/ml (±78.2) 3 days after RE (p = 0.003)). Baseline values of IL-6 and IL-8 were independently associated with liver function impairment at follow-up as well as decreased survival with an optimal cutoff at 6.53 and 60.8 pg/ml, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expected changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after RE were shown. Furthermore, baseline values of IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with later liver dysfunction and survival. We hypothesize that these biomarkers are potential prognosticators and might help in patient selection for RE.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. max.seidensticker@med.ovgu.de.|International School of Image-Guided Interventions, Deutsche Akademie für Mikrotherapie, Magdeburg, Germany. max.seidensticker@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seidensticker
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Powerski
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|International School of Image-Guided Interventions, Deutsche Akademie für Mikrotherapie, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ricarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seidensticker
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|International School of Image-Guided Interventions, Deutsche Akademie für Mikrotherapie, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohnike
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garlipp
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klopffleisch
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|International School of Image-Guided Interventions, Deutsche Akademie für Mikrotherapie, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amthauer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|International School of Image-Guided Interventions, Deutsche Akademie für Mikrotherapie, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|International School of Image-Guided Interventions, Deutsche Akademie für Mikrotherapie, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pech
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; C000615496:Yttrium-90
keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver metastases; Locoregional ablation; Patient selection; SIRT