title: The Effectiveness of Articaine and Lidocaine Single Buccal Infiltration versus Conventional Buccal and Palatal Injection Using Lidocaine during Primary Maxillary Molar Extraction: A Randomized Control Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the advent of modern injection techniques, palatal injection continues to be a painful experience for children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pain experienced during extraction of maxillary primary molars with conventional lignocaine anesthesia versus lignocaine and articaine buccal infiltration in children aged 6-14 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized triple blinded study was conducted with ninety children (n= 90), randomly allocated to receive lignocaine conventional anesthesia (Group I [control group]), and buccal infiltration using articaine (Group II [articaine group]) or lignocaine (Group III [lignocaine group]). A composite score of self-report (faces pain scale-revised), behavioral measure (face legs activity cry consolability scale), and a physiological response (pulse rate) was measured following maxillary primary molar extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the mean difference between two groups, Students't-test was used and among the three groups, one-way ANOVA withpost hoctest was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Articaine group had significantly lower pain scores for self-report (P< 000.1) and behavioral measures (P< 000.1) while there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between articaine and control groups during primary maxillary molar extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillary primary molar extraction procedure can be successfully accomplished by bypassing the palatal injection. Articaine buccal infiltration can be considered as an alternative to conventional local anesthesia for the extraction of maxillary primary molars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Naveen Kumar Reddy
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: S V S G
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nirmala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sivakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nuvvula
keywords: Articaine; buccal administration; children; lignocaine; local anesthesia; maxillary primary molars; palatal injection