title: Chitosan-based biocatalytic nanoparticles for pollutant removal from wastewater.
abstract: Chitosan, a renewable biopolymer has the prospective applications in different fields due to its gelation capacity. Nanoconfiguration of chitosan through ionotropic gelation to encapsulate enzymatic activity offers numerous potential applications. In the present study, the preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with versatile peroxidase are reported. Their performance in bioremediation process and the resistance enhancement against natural microbial biodegradation were studied. The average diameter of enzymatic nanoparticles was 120nm and showed a high enzyme loading capacity. The kinetic parameters of nanoparticles exhibited a slightly lower catalytic activity (kcat), similar affinity constant (Km) for hydrogen peroxide and higher Km value for the phenolic compound when compared with the free enzyme. The enzymatic nanoparticles showed higher thermostability and the same pH activity profile than those from free enzyme. Ten phenolic compounds, including pesticides, halogenated compounds, endocrine disruptors and antibacterials were transformed by the enzymatic nanoparticles. The transformation rate was lower than those obtained with free enzyme suggesting mass transfer limitations. But very importantly, the enzymatic nanoparticles showed a significant increase of the operational stability in real conditions of wastewater treatment process. Moreover, chemical modification of nanoparticles with different aldehydes still enhanced the operational stability of nanoparticulated enzymes. This enhancement of stability in real conditions and the potential use of biocatalytic nanoparticles in bioremediation processes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Km. 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
authors.forename: Dulce A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Payán
authors.affiliation: Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Km. 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rina D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Koyani
authors.affiliation: Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Km. 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico. Electronic address: rvd@cnyn.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Duhalt
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D048271:Chitosan; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013696:Temperature; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D048271:Chitosan; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D009195:Peroxidase; D010636:Phenols; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles; Endocrine disrupting compounds; Pesticides; Phenol transformation; Versatile peroxidase; Wastewater treatment