title: Effects of Housing on Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity and Spatial Learning and Memory.
abstract: Severe stress potentiates methamphetamine (MA) neurotoxicity. However, whether moderate stress increases or decreases the neurotoxic effects of MA is unknown. We assessed the effects of MA (4 × 10 mg/kg at 2 h intervals) in combination with prior barren-cage housing in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats on monoamines and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in one cohort and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze in another cohort. MA reduced dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens, 5-HT in the hippocampus, and increased GFAP in neostriatum and nucleus accumbens compared with saline controls. In neostriatum, barren-cage housing protected against MA-induced increases in GFAP, but it did not prevent DA and 5-HT reductions, although it did increase hippocampal norepinephrine. MA impaired spatial learning during acquisition, reversal, and shift phases and impaired reference memory on reversal and shift probe trials. Barren-cage housing enhanced performance during acquisition but not during reversal or shift or on probe trials. The data indicate that prior barren-cage housing moderates MA-induced neostriatal astrogliosis and initial spatial learning, but has no protective effect when the platform is smaller and relocated and therefore requires cognitive flexibility in relearning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.|University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jablonski
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Robyn M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amos-Kroohs
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.|College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.|University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.|University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati Ohio 45229, United States.
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3558-8812
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Vorhees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012193:Reversal Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: C000614142:Gfap protein, rat; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012701:Serotonin; D008694:Methamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Methamphetamine; Morris water maze; barren-cage stress; glial-fibrillary acidic protein; monoamines; spatial learning and memory