title: Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and gut permeability responses to exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intestinal cell damage due to physiological stressors (e.g. heat, oxidative, hypoperfusion/ischaemic) may contribute to increased intestinal permeability. The aim of this study was to assess changes in plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in response to exercise (with bovine colostrum supplementation, Col, positive control) and compare this to intestinal barrier integrity/permeability (5 h urinary lactulose/rhamnose ratio, L/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 18 males completed two experimental arms (14 days of 20 g/day supplementation with Col or placebo, Plac). For each arm participants performed two baseline (resting) intestinal permeability assessments (L/R) pre-supplementation and one post-exercise following supplementation. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise to determine I-FABP concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed an arm × time interaction for L/R and I-FABP (P < 0.001). Post hoc analyses showed urinary L/R increased post-exercise in Plac (273% of pre, P < 0.001) and Col (148% of pre, P < 0.001) with post-exercise values significantly lower with Col (P < 0.001). Plasma I-FABP increased post-exercise in Plac (191% of pre-exercise, P = 0.002) but not in the Col arm (107%, P = 0.862) with post-exercise values significantly lower with Col (P = 0.013). Correlations between the increase in I-FABP and L/R were evident for visit one (P = 0.044) but not visit two (P = 0.200) although overall plots/patterns do appear similar for each.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that exercise-induced intestinal cellular damage/injury is partly implicated in changes in permeability but other factors must also contribute.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: March
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.|Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth University, The John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marchbank
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth University, The John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Playford
authors.affiliation: Lincoln Institute for Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
authors.forename: Arwel W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
authors.forename: Rhys
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thatcher
authors.affiliation: Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4AG, UK. g.davison@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Glen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-0074
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003126:Colostrum; D015444:Exercise; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D007792:Lactulose; D012210:Rhamnose
keywords: Bovine colostrum; Cell damage; Cellular injury; Core temperature; Intestinal permeability; Strenuous exercise; Urinary L/R