title: Cardiovascular Surgery at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
abstract: Surgery for congenital heart disease at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia began in the earliest days of cardiac surgery. In a rapidly advancing field, surgeons at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia are recognized as innovators in the field. The Division of Cardiac Surgery is dedicated to providing outstanding clinical care, educating the next generation of congenital cardiac surgeons, and advancing the specialty through clinical and translational research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: spray@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Spray
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mascio
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: J William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gaynor
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D002309:Cardiology / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000266:history / Q000601:surgery*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D015143:Philadelphia; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Congenital heart defects; History