title: Pediatric Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia: a descriptive study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Morgagni hernia (MH) accounts for 3-4% of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. There is a paucity of data regarding this rare defect. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of children with MH, surgical approaches for repair, and patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric patients (ages 0-18) with a MH from 2002 to 2014 at a single, freestanding pediatric hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patient presentation, demographics, operative methods and findings, and outcomes were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six infants and children with a congenital MH were treated. There were 20 males (77%) and six females (23%) with a median age at diagnosis of 14.75 months (range 1 week to 13 years). Half were symptomatic. Sixteen hernias were repaired laparoscopically, nine by an open approach, and one laparoscopic converted to open. Colon was the most commonly herniated organ (N = 14). Hernia sacs were found in 22 patients of which, 20 were resected. Two patients underwent treatment with ECLS. There was one mortality in a patient who underwent repair on ECLS in the setting of an omphalocele and SVC obstruction. There were no recurrences in our sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, congenital MH appears to have a male predominance, frequently presents with pulmonary symptoms, and has excellent outcomes regardless of operative approach.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Mailstop 100, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Mailstop 100, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Mailstop 100, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Mailstop 100, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Nam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Mailstop 100, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. Dbliss@chla.usc.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bliss
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Hernia repair; Laparoscopic; Morgagni hernia; Pediatric