title: The immunological function of CD52 and its targeting in organ transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD52 (Campath-1 antigen), a glycoprotein of 12 amino acids anchored to glycosylphosphatidylinositol, is widely expressed on the cell surface of immune cells, such as mature lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). The anti-CD52 mAb, alemtuzumab, was used widely in clinics for the treatment of patients such as organ transplantation. In the present manuscript, we will briefly summarize the immunological function of CD52 and discuss the application of anti-CD52 mAb in transplantation settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed studies published until July 2016 to explore the role of CD52 in immune cell function and its implication in organ transplantation. We showed that ligation of cell surface CD52 molecules may offer costimulatory signals for T-cell activation and proliferation. However, soluble CD52 molecules will interact with the inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) to significantly inhibit T cell proliferation and activation. Although the physiological and pathological significances of CD52 molecules are still poorly understood, the anti-CD52 mAb, alemtuzumab, was used widely for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, autoimmune diseases as well as cell and organ transplantation in clinics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies clearly showed that CD52 can modulate T-cell activation either by its intracellular signal pathways or by the interaction of soluble CD52 and Siglec-10 expressing on T cells. However, the regulatory functions of CD52 on other immune cell subpopulations in organ transplantation require to be studied in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huiting
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.|Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Dongsishitiao Namencang 5, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100007, China. dujf66@126.com.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti Nan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China. zhangxiaodong@bjcyh.com.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. zhaoy@ioz.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zhaoy@ioz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000074301:CD52 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000074301:CD52 Antigen
keywords: CD52; Grafts; Immune rejection; Transplantation