title: Radiographic Evaluation of Common Pediatric Elbow Injuries.
abstract: Normal variations in anatomy in the skeletally immature patient may be mistaken for fracture or injury due to the presence of secondary centers of ossification. Variations in imaging exist from patient to patient based on sex, age, and may even vary from one extremity to the other on the same patient. Despite differences in the appearance of the bony anatomy of the elbow there are certain landmarks and relationships, which can help, distinguish normal from abnormal. We review common radiographic parameters and pitfalls associated in the evaluation of pediatric elbow imaging. We also review common clinical diagnoses in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: DeFroda
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Focus Medical Imaging-Garfield Medical Center , Monterey Park, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ashraf H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hawari
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Aristides I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cruz
keywords: Development; Elbow; Fracture; Pediatrics; Radiographs