title: Review of Prospects of Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints and is one of the leading causes of disability in adults. However, there are no key therapeutics for OA and medical treatment is based on managing the symptoms and slowing down progression of the disease. Diagnostics based on clinical examination and radiography have provided little information about metabolic changes in joint tissues, disease onset and progression. Due to lack of effective methods for early detection and evaluation of treatment outcome, the measurement of biochemical markers (biomarkers) shows promise as a prospective method aiding in disease monitoring. OA biomarkers that are present in biological fluids such as blood, urine and synovial fluid, sources that are easily isolated from body, are of particular interest. Moreover, there are increasingly more studies identifying and developing new biomarkers for OA. In this review, efforts have been made to summarize the biomarkers that have been reported in recent studies on patients. We also tried to classify biomarkers according to tissue metabolism (bone, cartilage and synovial metabolism markers), pathological pathways (inflammatory and genetic markers) and biological function (chemokines, growth factors, acute phase proteins, etc.).
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. lichbio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lich Thi
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. boneresearch@hallym.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ashish Ranjan
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. drchiranjib@yahoo.com.|Department of Bio-Informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India. drchiranjib@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Chiranjib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. balajijipmer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saibaba
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. mooeob@gmail.com.|Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. mooeob@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Moo-Eob
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. 123sslee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sang-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: biomarker; genetic marker; inflammatory marker; marker of joint metabolism; osteoarthritis (OA)