title: Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells through Nb-Doping of TiO2at Low Temperature.
abstract: The conduction band energy, conductivity, mobility, and electronic trap states of electron transport layer (ETL) are very important to the efficiency and stability of a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC). However, as the most widely used ETL, TiO2often needs to be prepared under high temperature and has unfavorable electrical properties such as low conductivity and high electronic trap states. Modifications such as elemental doping are effective methods for improving the electrical properties of TiO2and the performance of PSCs. In this study, Nb-doped TiO2films are prepared by a facile one-port chemical bath process at low temperature (70 °C) and applied as a high quality ETL for planar PSCs. Compared with pure TiO2, the Nb-doped TiO2is more efficient for photogenerated electron injection and extraction, showing higher conductivity, higher mobility, and lower trap-state density. A PSC with 1% Nb-doped TiO2yielded a power conversion efficiency of more than 19%, with about 90% of its initial efficiency remaining after storing for 1200 h in air or annealing at 80 °C for 20 h in a glovebox.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Guannan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Zhike
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-3930
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Shengzhong Frank
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-852X
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Nb-doped TiO2; air stability and thermal stability; electron transport layer; perovskite solar cell