title: Conopy architecture of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov., a desert shrub: foliage orientation and direct beam radiation interception.
abstract: At sites in the United States, creosote bushes (Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov.) orient foliage clusters predominantly toward the southeast. Foliage of bushes at the southernmost distribution extreme in Mexico shows no predominant orientation. Clusters at all sites are inclined between 33° and 71° from the horizontal. Inclinations are steeper in the drier and hotter Mojave Desert than in the Chihuahuan Desert. Individual leaflets, though not measured, appear more randomly oriented than foliage clusters. In several populations studied, branches were shorter in the southeastern sectors of the crown, reducing self-shading early in the morning. Measurements of direct beam radiation interception by detached branches, using digital image processing, indicated that foliage clusters oriented toward the southeast exhibited less self-shading during spring mornings than clusters oriented northeast. This effect was not apparent at the summer solstice. This type of canopy architecture may tend to minimize self-shading during the morning hours when conditions are more favorable for photosynthesis, resulting in an improved daily water use efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, New Mexico State University, 88003, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Howard S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Meinzer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wisdom
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasoul Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Rundel
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, New Mexico State University, 88003, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Mollie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, New Mexico State University, 88003, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goldring
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, New Mexico State University, 88003, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
keywords: Canopy architecture; Larrea tridentata; Leaf orientation; Light interception