title: Automated Protein Biomarker Analysis: on-line extraction of clinical samples by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers.
abstract: Robust biomarker quantification is essential for the accurate diagnosis of diseases and is of great value in cancer management. In this paper, an innovative diagnostic platform is presented which provides automated molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for biomarker determination using ProGastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), a highly sensitive biomarker for Small Cell Lung Cancer, as a model. Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and analytical optimization of the most promising material led to the development of an automated quantification method for ProGRP. The method enabled analysis of patient serum samples with elevated ProGRP levels. Particularly low sample volumes were permitted using the automated extraction within a method which was time-efficient, thereby demonstrating the potential of such a strategy in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, School of Pharmacy, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.affiliation: WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Magdalena A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Świtnicka-Plak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, School of Pharmacy, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grønhaug Halvorsen
authors.affiliation: WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter A G
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE20506 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Börje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sellergren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, School of Pharmacy, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Léon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reubsaet
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019985:Benchmarking; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards; D008863:Microspheres; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000097:blood; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087079:pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (31-98)