title: Collection and characterization of grapevine genetic resources (Vitis vinifera) in the Holy Land, towards the renewal of ancient winemaking practices.
abstract: The importance and extent of wine consumption in all life aspects at the Holy Land is well documented. The Muslim influence in this region led to the abandonment of winemaking practices, and possible loss of indigenous wine varieties. Here we present a country wide collection of the local grapevine population including wild and cultivated forms, and its characterization by genetic, ampelographic and enological methods. The ampelographic analysis shows clear differences between Sativa and Sylvestris groups in flower, leaf and cluster parameters, and that most Sativa belong to proles orientalis. Genetic population analysis was conducted by analyzing 22 common SSR markers, determining first the unique genotypes, and internally assessing the population's structure, showing the existence of two distinct Sativa and Sylvestris populations, and a third mixed one. Likewise, the relationship between the Israeli grapevine population and grapevine populations in Europe and parts of Asia was investigated, showing that the Israeli Sativa and Sylvestris populations cluster closely together, suggesting a common genetic source. Lastly, the enological characteristics of selected Sativa and Sylvestris genotypes are presented, demonstrating their potential for quality wine production. This research significantly contributes toward the re-establishment of indigenous and traditional local grapevine varieties into the modern international wine industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.|Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Elyashiv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drori
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Oshrit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN) Italy.
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrano
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Yakov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Henig
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Hodaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brauner
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel university, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Mali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmon-Divon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.|Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Yishay
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Netzer
authors.affiliation: Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN) Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Lucia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Prazzoli
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Oenology Research Dept., Eastern R&D center, Ariel, Israel.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanevsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Failla
authors.affiliation: The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN) Italy.|Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Stella
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Grando
mesh_terms: D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics; D005638:Fruit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D007557:Israel; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D000069600:Plant Breeding / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers