title: Raman Spectrometric Detection Methods for Early and Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: The continuous increasing rate of patients suffering of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide requires the adoption of novel techniques for non-invasive early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Here we review the various Raman spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier Transform-Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy, and confocal Raman microspectroscopy, that could be used for the diagnosis of AD. These techniques have shown the potential to detect AD biomarkers, such as the amyloid-β peptide and the tau protein, or the neurotransmitters involved in the disease (e.g., Glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric acid), or the typical structural alterations in specific brain areas. The possibility to detect the specific biomarkers in liquid biopsies and to obtain high resolution 3D microscope images of the affected area make the Raman spectroscopy a valuable ally in the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isidoro
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000818:Animals; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Raman spectroscopy; amyloid-β peptide; brain tissue; diagnosis; tau protein