title: Review of Atopic Dermatitis and Topical Therapies.
abstract: Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders in the developed world, affecting up to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults. This review concisely explains the pathophysiology and epidemiology of atopic dermatitis, as well as potential challenges facing its successful treatment. Furthermore, mainstay topical treatment modalities are evaluated, such as emollients, topical corticosteroids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors. The use of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in combination is discussed, as studies have indicated encouraging results. The proactive use of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors is also investigated, in order to bring attention to a new possibility in long-term management of atopic dermatitis. Last, new and upcoming topical medications are described, including Janus kinase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, and benvitimod. Although topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors can be very effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, it is important that practitioners are aware of mechanistically unique and new treatments for patients for whom more traditional topical therapies have failed. Overall, this review article hopes to serve as a comprehensive overview of currently available topical treatments for atopic dermatitis, while shedding light on new treatments coming in the future.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Manitoba Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Julia N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mayba
authors.affiliation: 2 Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.|3 SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.|4 Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Melinda J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gooderham
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: atopic dermatitis; topical Janus kinase inhibitors; topical calcineurin inhibitors; topical corticosteroids; topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors