title: Cryopreserved human umbilical cord versus biocellulose film for prenatal spina bifida repair in a physiologic rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal spina bifida (SB) repair with a regenerative patch may improve neurological outcomes by decreasing inflammatory scarring.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to compare cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) and biocellulose film (BCF) patches sutured over SB lesions for regeneration of native cells and inflammatory response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with retinoic acid (RA) on embryonic day 10 to induce SB. Hysterotomy was performed on embryonic day 20 and on HUC or BCF patches sutured over the defect. Pups were harvested 30 to 34 h later, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and Trichrome staining assessed basic cellular migration. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the exact nature of the cellular migration. Patches and surrounding exudates were evaluated with microscopy and cells quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histology showed cellular migration with all HUC patches compared with none with BCF patches. Epithelial cells were noted migrating over the dorsal HUC surface, astrocytes were noted along the HUC surface adjacent to the lesion, and endothelial cells were noted within the HUC. HUC patches showed minimal inflammatory cells. Exudates surrounding the HUC patches had fewer inflammatory cells than exudates around BCF patches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HUC promotes cellular migration of native cells with minimal inflammatory response compared with BCF. HUC may be the superior patch material for prenatal SB repair. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Saul
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-3958
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snowise
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lovepreet
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yisel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Pediatric Surgery, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.affiliation: The Ocular Surface Center and TissueTech, Inc, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Scheffer C G
authors.initials: SCG
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ramesha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papanna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002482:Cellulose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D002482:Cellulose