title: Effects of progressive resistance exercise in akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progressive resistance exercise (PRE) can have a positive effect in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of PRE may vary with the clinical subtype of PD. To date, no study has assessed the effects of PRE in the different subtypes of PD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of PRE in PD patients with akinesia and rigidity (AR-subtype).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients clinics of the Bierzo Parkinson Association (Ponferrada, Spain) and the Asturias Parkinson Association (Oviedo, Spain).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with AR-subtype PD were randomized into an Experimental Group (EG, N.=13) and Control Group (CG, N.=15).
  
  
  METHODS
  Static posturography (Centre of Pressure -CoP- parameters), gait (the Ten-Meter Walk Test [TMWT]), freezing of gait (the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire [FOG-Q]), the motor portion of the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and patient-perceived quality of life (the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ39]), were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and re-test. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (Borg >6-20 Scale) were recorded at the end of each PRE training session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EG displayed significant ameliorations in Length (CoP parameters) from pre- to post-test (P=0.048), in speed of fast rhythm walking (TMWT) from pre- to post-test (P=0.000), and from pre- to re-test (P=0.027), and in the PDQ39 Score from pre- to post-test (P=0.024). No significant differences were detected in Area or Speed (CoP parameters), speed of preferred rhythm walking (TMWT), FOG-Q scores, or the motor portion of the MDS-UPDRS scores. The EG reported a mean RPE of 9.95 (between "very light" and "fairly light") for the whole training program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide support for the use of PRE training in the rehabilitation of individuals with AR-subtype PD, as it can improve static posturography, gait, and quality of life. Furthermore, RPE scores showed that individuals with AR-subtype PD consider that PRE training require only light efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PRE training can be a helpful and fruitful rehabilitation tool for AR-subtype PD patients.
authors.affiliation: University School of Sports Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain - luis.santos.ef@gmail.com.|Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain - luis.santos.ef@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: University School of Sports Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Rio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winge
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barragán-Pérez
authors.affiliation: University School of Sports Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Medical Service of the Community of Cabo Peñas, Cabo Peñas, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González-Díez
authors.affiliation: European Univerity and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucía
authors.affiliation: Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Soler
authors.affiliation: Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Xurxo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dopico-Calvo
authors.affiliation: Learning and Human Movement Control Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Del-Olmo
authors.affiliation: University School of Sports Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del-Valle
authors.affiliation: Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco-Traba
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.|Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Suman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013030:Spain; D016896:Treatment Outcome