title: Host associations and turnover of haemosporidian parasites in manakins (Aves: Pipridae).
abstract: Parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) are a diverse group of pathogens that infect birds nearly worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the ecological and evolutionary factors that shape the diversity and distribution of these protozoan parasites among avian communities and geographic regions are poorly understood. Based on a survey throughout the Neotropics of the haemosporidian parasites infecting manakins (Pipridae), a family of Passerine birds endemic to this region, we asked whether host relatedness, ecological similarity and geographic proximity structure parasite turnover between manakin species and local manakin assemblages. We used molecular methods to screen 1343 individuals of 30 manakin species for the presence of parasites. We found no significant correlations between manakin parasite lineage turnover and both manakin species turnover and geographic distance. Climate differences, species turnover in the larger bird community and parasite lineage turnover in non-manakin hosts did not correlate with manakin parasite lineage turnover. We also found no evidence that manakin parasite lineage turnover among host species correlates with range overlap and genetic divergence among hosts. Our analyses indicate that host switching (turnover among host species) and dispersal (turnover among locations) of haemosporidian parasites in manakins are not constrained at this scale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ornithology,Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University,Philadelphia, PA 19103,USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fecchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Science,Federal University of São Paulo,Diadema, SP 09972-270,Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson-Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology,University of North Dakota,Grand Forks, ND 58202,USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil.
authors.forename: Vincenzo A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Pacific Biosciences Research Center,University of Hawai'i at Mānoa,Honolulu, HI,USA.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC),1 Park Place,Suite 300,Annapolis, MD 21401,USA.
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Trisos
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation,University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611,USA.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation and Center for Latin American Studies,University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611,USA.
authors.forename: Bette A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Loiselle
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences,Imperial College London,Silwood Park,Buckhurst Road,Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY,UK.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology,University of Missouri-St. Louis,MO 63121,USA.
authors.forename: Rebeka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology,University of Missouri-St. Louis,MO 63121,USA.
authors.forename: Elyse D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação,Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul,Campo Grande, MS,Brazil.
authors.forename: Iubatã P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: DE Faria
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso,Cuiabá, MT,Brazil.
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Evolução e Comportamento Animal,Coordenação de Biodiversidade,Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,Manaus, AM 69011-970,Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anciães
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology,University of North Dakota,Grand Forks, ND 58202,USA.
authors.forename: Vasyl
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tkach
authors.affiliation: Integrative Research Center,The Field Museum,Chicago, IL,USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology,University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, NM 87131,USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Department of Ornithology,Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University,Philadelphia, PA 19103,USA.
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Weckstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology,University of Missouri-St. Louis,MO 63121,USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ricklefs
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal,Departamento de Biologia,Universidade Federal do Amazonas,Manaus, AM 69077-000,Brazil.
authors.forename: Izeni P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Farias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D016787:Haemosporida / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010176:Panama / Q000453:epidemiology; D046109:Passeriformes; D010802:Phylogeny; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D045303:Cytochromes b
keywords: Avian malaria; community assembly; host switching; host turnover; parasite community; parasite diversity