title: Enhancing behavioral control increases sharing in children.
abstract: Young children endorse norms of fairness but rarely act on them. We investigated whether a failure of behavioral control can partially explain why children do not share more generously than they do. We experimentally manipulated behavioral control and observed its effects on sharing in 120 children aged 6-9years of age. Using a between-participants design, we presented children with stories in which a protagonist either exerted behavioral control in an unrelated context or not. Following this, children engaged in a sharing task. We found that children who had been read a story promoting behavioral control shared more than children who had been read a neutral story. This effect held over two different types of instruction. Perceptions of fairness, on the other hand, were identical across conditions. These findings speak to the importance of behavioral control in prosocial behavior, and specifically sharing, during middle childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Leiden, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.a.j.steinbeis@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steinbeis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Over
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012919:Social Behavior; D012938:Social Perception; D012945:Social Values
keywords: Behavioral control; Fairness; Priming; Prosocial behavior; Sharing; Social norms