title: Protective effects of salusin-α and salusin-β on renal ischemia/reperfusion damage and their levels in ischemic acute renal failure.
abstract: Salusin-α and salusin-β are expressed in many tissues including the central nervous system, vessels and kidneys; they have been shown to decrease endoplasmic reticulum stress during heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to decrease apoptosis. We investigated the relation of salusin-α and salusin-β levels to acute ischemic renal failure. We also investigated whether these peptides are protective against renal I/R damage. Fifty-three rats were divided into six groups: control, I/R, I/R + salusin-α1, I/R + salusin-α10, I/R + salusin-β1 and I/R + salusin-β10. After removing the right kidney, the left kidney was subjected to ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 23 h. The treatment groups were injected subcutaneously at the beginning of ischemia with 1 or 10 μg/kg salusin-α, and 1 or 10 μg/kg salusin-β. Histopathology was assessed at the end of the experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the kidney tissue. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also were measured. Levels of salusin-α and salusin-β were measured in the serum and kidney tissues of the control and I/R groups. SOD, CAT and GSH-PX activities were decreased and the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, BUN and Cre were increased in the I/R group compared to controls. Severe glomerular and tubular damage was apparent in the I/R group compared to controls. The level of salusin-β was decreased in the serum and kidney tissue of the I/R group compared to controls, whereas the level of salusin-α was decreased in the serum and increased in the kidney tissue. Salusin-α and salusin-β administration increased SOD and GSH-PX enzyme activation and decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β compared to the I/R group. BUN and Cre levels were decreased in the I/R + salusin-α1 group and the level of Cre was decreased in I/R + salusin-β10 group compared to the I/R group. We demonstrated a protective effect of salusin-α and salusin-β against renal I/R damage. Changes in the levels of salusin-α and salusin-β in the I/R group suggest that these peptides may be associated with acute renal failure.
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Physiology.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Physiology.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duzova
authors.affiliation: b Histology and Embryology.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taslidere
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Physiology.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: c Biochemistry , Inonu University Faculty of Medicine , Malatya , Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozyalin
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C528274:salusin-beta, rat; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003404:Creatinine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase
keywords: ischemia; kidney; reperfusion; salusin-α; salusin-β