title: Asymmetric competition between distant taxa: poecilid fishes and water striders.
abstract: Competition for water surface prey between fish (Priapichtus annectens: Poeciliidae) and water striders (Potamobates unidentatus: Gerridae) was studied in the laboratory and in pools in a small tropical stream. Laboratory experiments showed that fish depressed activity and foraging success of water striders. Large fish (4-5 cm) had a greater effect than small fish (2-3 cm). The field experiment showed that competition was highly asymmetric. Presence of fish decreased water strider foraging success while the reverse interaction was insignificant. It is suggested that the higher individual foraging success of the fish, harassment of water striders by fish and the use of an exclusive resource, benthic invertebrates, by the fish, contribute to this pattern. Habitat use differed between the two species. Fish used the deeper parts of stream pools and water striders used the shallower parts of the pools. Asymmetric interference and exploitation competition may force water striders to use shallow edge habitats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, University of Umeå, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, University of Umeå, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, University of Umeå, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tommy I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Olsson
keywords: Asymmetric competition; Distantly related taxa; Drift feeders; Foraging; Interference competition