title: The role of vision and color in the close proximity foraging behavior of four coccinellid species.
abstract: The role of vision and color in close-proximity foraging behavior was investigated for four species of lady beetles: Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia convergens, Harmonia axyridis, and Coleomegilla maculata. The effect of light level and color cues on consumption rates varied among the four predator species. The consumption rates of these predators on the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was measured under light and dark conditions. C. septempunctata,H. convergens, and Ha. axyridis consumed significantly more aphids in the light than in the dark, while the consumption rate of Col. maculata was not affected by light level. Foraging ability was also measured on red and green color morphs of the pea aphid on red, green, and white backgrounds. C. septempunctata consumed significantly more of the aphid morph that contrasted with the background color, and showed no difference between morphs on the white background. H. axyridis consumed significantly more red morph aphids regardless of background. The remaining two species showed no difference in consumption rates on the two color morphs. The variation in the use of visual cues demonstrates how different species of predators can exhibit different foraging behaviors when searching for the same prey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, , , , , , US.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, , , , , , US.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Losey
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, , , , , , US.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ives
keywords: Foraging behavior; Key words Coccinellidae; Vision