title: The relationship of Candida colonization of the oral and vaginal mucosae of mothers and oral mucosae of their newborns at birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vaginal Candida colonization is common during pregnancy. Vaginal Candida may transmit vertically to the mouth of newborns during labor. The aim of this study was to assess and compare oral Candida colonization between vaginally born newborns and cesarean-born newborns and to investigate the association of the mother's vaginal and oral Candida colonization and the newborn's oral colonization at the time of delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Culture swabs were collected from the oral and vaginal mucosae of 100 pregnant women and from the oral mucosa of their 100 full-term newborns. Fifty (50%) of the mothers gave birth vaginally and the other 50 (50%) by cesarean section.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of oral and vaginal Candida in pregnant mothers was 49% and 40%, respectively. Oral Candida colonization in newborns was 7%. Oral Candida was isolated from 5 of 50 (10%) in the vaginally born group and from 2 of 50 (4%) in the cesarean-born group (P = .44). In vaginally born group, oral Candida was isolated from 5 of 20 (25%) in those born to mothers with vaginal colonization of Candida, and 0 of 30 (0.0%) in mothers without vaginal colonization of Candida (P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mother's vaginal Candida may constitute an important source of oral Candida in the newborns, particularly in those delivered vaginally.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.
authors.forename: Rund M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Al-Rusan
authors.affiliation: Professor in Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. Electronic address: Darwazeh@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Azmi M G
authors.initials: AMG
authors.lastname: Darwazeh
authors.affiliation: Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.
authors.forename: Isam M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lataifeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*