title: Imaging of diabetic bone.
abstract: Diabetes is an important concern in terms of medical and socioeconomic costs; a high risk for low-trauma fractures has been reported in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism involved in the increased fracture risk from diabetes is highly complex and still not entirely understood; obesity could play an important role: recent evidence suggests that the influence of fat on bone is mainly dependent on the pattern of regional fat deposition and that an increased amount of visceral adipose tissue negatively affects skeletal health.Correct and timely individuation of people with high fracture risk is critical for both prevention and treatment: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (currently the "gold standard" for diagnosis of osteoporosis) underestimates fracture risk in diabetic patients and therefore is not sufficient by itself to investigate bone status. This paper is focused on imaging, covering different modalities involved in the evaluation of skeletal deterioration in diabetes, discussing the limitations of conventional methods and exploring the potential of new tools and recent high-resolution techniques, with the intent to provide interesting insight into pathophysiology and fracture risk.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The "Rizzoli" Orthopaedic Institute, Via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.|Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ponti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerri
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Division of Radiology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battista
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy.|Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The "Rizzoli" Orthopaedic Institute, Via G. C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy. abazzo@inwind.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazzocchi
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans
keywords: Absorptiometry, photon; Bone fractures; Bone microarchitecture; Bone mineral density; Diabetes mellitus; Osteoporosis