title: Association of Learning and Memory Calcineurin Binding Protein with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
abstract: To determine the association of learning and memory calcineurin binding (CABIN1) protein with autism spectrum disorders.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional comparative study.
  
  
  
  The Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2013 to May 2014.
  
  
  
  Serum levels of CABIN1 protein in 62 (64%) autistic male children were analysed and 35 (36%) age healthy children measured by using ELISA. The diagnosis of autism was made, based on the criteria of autism as defined in the DSM-IV. CARS (childhood autism rating scale) was used for the assessment of autistic severity. Data was analysed on SPSS version 21. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparisons of CABIN1 protein levels between the autistic and control groups at a p-value of <0.05. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the relationships between different variables.
  
  
  
  There was no significant difference between the levels of CABIN1 between the 1.12 (0.01-8.8) pg/ml and healthy (1.51, 0.12-4.32) pg/ml in children. However, children with mild to moderate autism had higher CABIN1 protein level (1.27 pg/ml, 0.01-10.240) than children with severe autism (0.80 pg/ml, 0.01-4.25, p=0.145). In addition, there was no significant relationships among the serum level of CABIN1 protein, the CARS score, and age.
  
  
  
  CABIN1 protein level for children with autism was not significantly different from controls subjects as well as between children with mild to moderate and severe autism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman Mohammed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alhowikan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Laila Y. Al-
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: ayadhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adel Q.
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Alkhedaide
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000097:blood*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015415:Biomarkers; C491861:CABIN1 protein, human