title: Gadolinium(III)-based Polymeric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents for Tumor Imaging.
abstract: Contrast agents (CAs) are widely used to improve the signal-noise ratio in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. The majority of MRI CAs used in clinic are gadolinium( III) (Gd(III)) chelates with low molecular weight. Compared with these small-molecule CAs, Gd(III)-based polymeric magnetic resonance imaging agents (i.e. macromolecular contrast agents, mCAs), prepared by conjugating small-molecule Gd(III) chelates onto macromolecules, possess high relaxivity and relative long blood circulation time, which are favorable for MRI examinations. In last decades, increasing attention was paid to the design of mCAs with various structures, and further evaluation of the MRI performance both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we focus on the recent progress of mCAs, including structures, properties and applications. Meanwhile, this review also highlights the emerging MRI mCAs with smart response and multi-function: tumor microenvironment- stimulated MRI, multi-mode imaging and MRI-based theranostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.|Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Guangyue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Jingjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi`an Jiaotong University, Xi`an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Renjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011108:Polymers; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; gadolinium(III)-based polymeric contrast agents; multi-mode imaging; stimuli-responsive; theranostics; tumor imaging.