title: Targeting Different Monocyte/Macrophage Subsets Has No Impact on Outcome in Experimental Stroke.
abstract: Peripheral immune cell infiltration contributes to neural injury after ischemic stroke. However, in contrast to lymphocytes and neutrophils, the role of different monocyte/macrophage subsets remains to be clarified. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of selective and unselective monocyte/macrophage depletion and proinflammatory (M1-) and anti-inflammatory (M2-) macrophage transfer on the outcome after experimental cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  
  To assess short-term effects of monocytes/macrophages in acute ischemic stroke, mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and received either clodronate liposomes for unselective macrophage depletion, MC-21-antibody for selective depletion of proinflammatory Ly-6Chighmonocytes, or proinflammatory (M1-) or anti-inflammatory (M2-) macrophage transfer. In addition, the impact of MC-21-antibody administration and M2-macrophage transfer on long-term neural recovery was investigated after photothrombotic stroke. Neurobehavioral tests were used to analyze functional outcomes, infarct volumes were determined, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to characterize the postischemic inflammatory reaction.
  
  
  
  Selective and unselective monocyte/macrophage depletion and M1- and M2-macrophage transfer did not influence tissue damage and neurobehavioral outcomes in the acute phase after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Beyond, selective depletion of Ly-6Chighmonocytes and M2-macrophage transfer did not have an impact on neural recovery after photothrombotic stroke.
  
  
  
  Targeting different monocyte/macrophage subsets has no impact on outcome after ischemic stroke in mice. Altogether, our study could not identify monocytes/macrophages as relevant therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.). antje.schmidt@ukmuenster.de.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Jan-Kolja
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hucke
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Nils-Martin
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bruckmann
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Wolf-Rüdiger
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Schäbitz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiendl
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany (A.S., J.-K.S., S.H., N.-M.B., M.H., K.D., H.W., L.K., J.M.); Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (M.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel-EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minnerup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: inflammation; macrophages; models, animal; monocytes; stroke