title: Transforming growth factor-β-induced gene product-h3 inhibits odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate transforming growth factor-β-induced gene product-h3 (βig-h3) expression in dental pulp tissue and its effects on odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat direct pulp capping model was prepared using perforated rat upper first molars capped with mineral trioxide aggregate cement. Human DPCs (HDPCs) were isolated from extracted teeth. βig-h3 expression in rat dental pulp tissue and HDPCs was assessed by immunostaining. Mineralization of HDPCs was assessed by Alizarin red-S staining. Odontoblast-related gene expression in HDPCs was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of βig-h3 was detected in rat dental pulp tissue, and attenuated by direct pulp capping, while expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α was increased in exposed pulp tissue. βig-h3 expression was also detected in HDPCs, with reduced expression during odontoblastic differentiation. The above cytokines reduced βig-h3 expression in HDPCs, and promoted their mineralization. Recombinant βig-h3 inhibited the expression of odontoblast-related genes and mineralization of HDPCs, while knockdown of βig-h3 gene expression promoted the expression of odontoblast-related genes in HDPCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that βig-h3 in DPCs may be involved in reparative dentin formation and that its expression is likely to negatively regulate this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serita
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomokiyo
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Daigaku
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugii
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizumachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitarai
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monnouchi
authors.affiliation: Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: hide@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
keywords: Dental pulp; Direct pulp capping; Odontoblastic differentiation; Reparative dentin; Transforming growth factor-β-induced gene product-h3