title: Growth of left ventricular outflow tract and predictors of future re-intervention after repair for ventricular septal defect and aortic arch obstruction.
abstract: Ventricular septal defect and aortic arch obstruction are usually associated with a narrow left ventricular outflow tract. The aim of the present study was to analyse the growth and predictors of future obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract after surgical repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective review of patients who underwent repair for ventricular septal defect and aortic arch obstruction - coarctation or interrupted aortic arch - between July, 2002 and June, 2013. Echocardiographic data were reviewed, and the need for re-intervention was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 89 patients were included in this study. A significant left ventricular outflow tract growth was noticed after surgical repair. Preoperatively, the mean left ventricular outflow tract Z-score was -1.46±1 (range -5.5 to 1.1) and increased to a mean value of -0.7±1.3 (range -2.7 to 3.2) at last follow-up (p=0.0001), demonstrating relevant growth of the left ventricular outflow tract after repair for ventricular septal defect and aortic arch obstruction. After primary repair, 11 patients (12.3%) required re-intervention with surgical repair for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after a mean period of 36±21 months. There were no significant differences in age, weight, and indexed aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract measurements between those who developed obstruction and those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant left ventricular outflow tract growth is expected after repair of ventricular septal defect and aortic arch obstruction. Small aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract at diagnosis are not risk factors to predict the need for surgical re-intervention for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in future.
authors.affiliation: 1King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center,King Abdulaziz Medical City,Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulraouf
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-1593
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jijeh
authors.affiliation: 1King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center,King Abdulaziz Medical City,Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: 1King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center,King Abdulaziz Medical City,Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-5828
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alhabshan
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: coarctation of the aorta; interrupted aortic arch; left ventricular outflow tract; ventricular septal defect