title: Pilot Study of a Bayesian Approach To Estimate Vancomycin Exposure in Obese Patients with Limited Pharmacokinetic Sampling.
abstract: This study evaluated the predictive performance of a Bayesian PK estimation method (ADAPT V) to estimate the 24-h vancomycin area under the curve (AUC) with limited pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling in adult obese patients receiving vancomycin for suspected or confirmed Gram-positive infections. This was an Albany Medical Center Institutional Review Board-approved prospective evaluation of 12 patients. Patients had a median (95% confidence interval) age of 61 years (39 to 71 years), a median creatinine clearance of 86 ml/min (75 to 120 ml/min), and a median body mass index of 45 kg/m2(40 to 52 kg/m2). For each patient, five PK concentrations were measured, and four different vancomycin population PK models were used as Bayesian priors to estimate the vancomycin AUC (AUCFULL). Using each PK model as a prior, data-depleted PK subsets were used to estimate the 24-h AUC (i.e., peak and trough data [AUCPT], midpoint and trough data [AUCMT], and trough-only data [AUCT]). The 24-h AUC derived from the full data set (AUCFULL) was compared to the AUC derived from data-depleted subsets (AUCPT, AUCMT, and AUCT) for each model. For the four sets of analyses, AUCFULLestimates ranged from 437 to 489 mg·h/liter. The AUCPTprovided the best approximation of the AUCFULL; AUCMTand AUCTtended to overestimate AUCFULLFurther prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of AUC monitoring in clinical practice, but the findings from this study suggest that the vancomycin AUC can be estimated with good precision and accuracy with limited PK sampling using Bayesian PK estimation software.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA joseph.carreno@acphs.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carreno
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lomaestro
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tietjan
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lodise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin
keywords: obesity; pharmacokinetic; vancomycin