title: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of dens invaginatus.
abstract: Dens invaginatus is a malformation with varying anatomical features, posing challenges to treatment. Early and accurate diagnosis plays a significant role in selecting the appropriate treatment. The diagnosis of teeth with a complex root canal system including dens invaginatus has made progress with the application of three-dimensional imaging techniques in endodontics. Advanced treatment options provide hope for teeth that could not be saved before. This review discusses diagnostic methods and treatment options for teeth with dens invaginatus, and provides guidelines for the management of dens invaginatus cases in clinic. Current as well as traditional diagnostic techniques are summarized. Treatment options including state-of-the-art alternatives are presented for coronal dens invaginatus and radicular dens invaginatus.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Von den Hoff
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003719:Dens in Dente / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods
keywords: cone-beam computed tomography; dens invaginatus; diagnosis; radiographic examination; treatment