title: An alternative anionic bio-sustainable anti-fungal agent: Investigation of its mode of action on the fungal cell membrane.
abstract: The potential of a lactylate (the sodium caproyl lactylate or C10 lactylate), a typical food grade emulsifier, as an anionic environmental friendly anti-fungal additive was tested in growth medium and formulated in a protective coating for exterior wood. Different laboratory growth tests on the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans were performed and its interactions on a model fungal cell membrane were studied. Promising short term anti-fungal effects in growth tests were observed, although significant but less dramatic effects took place in coating test on wood panels. Scanning electron microscope analysis shows clear differences in the amount of fungal slime on the mycelium of Aureobasidium pullulans when the fungus was exposed of C10 lactylate. This could indicate an effect on the pullulan and melanin production by the fungus. Moreover, the interaction studies on model fungal cell membranes show that C10 lactylate affects the phospholipid bilayer in a similar manner to other negative charged detergents.
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Technological Institute, Wood and Biomaterials, Gregersensvej 3, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark. Electronic address: jonasstenbaek@outlook.dk.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stenbæk
authors.affiliation: Perstorp AB, Industriparken, 284 91 Perstorp, Sweden. Electronic address: davidloef@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Löf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Biofilm - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: peter.falkman@mah.se.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falkman
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: boje@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Biofilm - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: marite.cardenas@mah.se.
authors.forename: Marité
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005936:Glucans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014934:Wood / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003902:Detergents; D005936:Glucans; D008543:Melanins; D010743:Phospholipids; C009109:pullulan
keywords: Antifungal; Aureobasidium pullulans; Biocide; Blue stain; Fatty acid-based emulsifiers; Lactylate