title: Independently founded populations of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from a tropical and a temperate region have similar genetic structure.
abstract: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations from tropical agricultural zones have been suggested to be more variable compared to those from temperate zones. However, no data were available comparing populations from both zones using the same set of markers. In this study, we compared S. sclerotiorum populations from the United States of America (USA, temperate) and southeast Brazil (tropical) using the frequency of mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and 13 microsatellite (SSR) markers. Populations were sourced from diseased plants within leguminous crops in New York, USA (NY; n = 78 isolates), and Minas Gerais State, Brazil (MG; n = 109). Twenty MCGs were identified in NY and 14 were previously reported in MG. The effective number of genotypes based on Hill's number of order 0, which corresponded to the number of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were 22 (95% CI = 15.6-28.4) and 24 (95% CI = 18.9-29.1) in NY and MG, respectively. Clonal fractions of MLGs were 71.8% (NY) and 78.0% (MG). The effective number of genotypes based on Hill's number of orders 1 and 2 in NY were 8.9 (95% CI = 5.2-12.6) and 4.4 (95% CI = 2.6-6.1), respectively. For MG these indices were 11.4 (95% CI = 8.7-14.1) and 7.1 (95% CI = 5.1-9.0), respectively. There were no significant differences of allelic richness, private allelic richness, gene diversity, effective number of alleles and genotype evenness between the NY and MG populations. The populations were differentiated, with 29% of total variance attributed to differences between them and G''ST and Jost's D indices higher than 0.50. Cluster analysis revealed dissimilarity higher than 80% among most MLGs from both populations. Different alleles segregated in the populations but both had similar levels of genotypic variability.
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Miller S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.affiliation: Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Trazilbo J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: de Paula Júnior
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Del Ponte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo S G
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mizubuti
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-4293
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pethybridge
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014329:Tropical Climate