title: Cognitive profile in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cortical and subcortical cognitive impairments have been found in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Roughly, they comprise visuoconstructive and executive dysfunction, whereas memory would remain relatively spared. However, the cognitive profile of patients with prodromal DLB remains poorly illustrated to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 37 patients with prodromal DLB (age 67.2 ± 8.6 years, 18 men, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] score 27.4 ± 2) and 29 healthy control subjects (HCs; age 68.8 ± 7.9 years, 15 men, MMSE score 29.0 ± 0.9). They were presented with an extensive neuropsychological test battery to assess memory; speed of processing; executive function; visuoperceptual, visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities; language; and social cognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with HCs, patients had lower scores on a visual recognition memory test (Delayed Matching to Sample-48 items; p ≤ 0.021) and lower free recall (all p ≤ 0.035), but not total recall, performance on a verbal episodic memory test (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test). Short-term memory (p = 0.042) and working memory (p = 0.002) scores were also lower in patients. Assessment of executive function showed no slowing but overall lower performance in patients than in HCs (all p ≤ 0.049), whereas assessment of instrumental function yielded mixed results. Indeed, patients had lower scores on language tests (p ≤ 0.022), apraxia for pantomime of tool use (p = 0.002) and imitation of meaningless gesture (p = 0.005), as well as weakened visuospatial abilities (p = 0.047). Visuoconstruction was also impaired in patients. However, visuoperceptual abilities did not differ between groups. Finally, theory of mind abilities were lower in patients than in HCs (p < 0.05), but their emotion recognition abilities were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents the cognitive profile in patients with prodromal DLB. In line with the literature on DLB with dementia, our results show lower performance on tests of executive function and visuoconstruction. However, we found, from a prodromal stage of DLB, memory (free recall and visual recognition) and social cognition deficits, as well as weakened visuospatial and praxic abilities.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. jennifer.kemp@chru-strasbourg.fr.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France. jennifer.kemp@chru-strasbourg.fr.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. jennifer.kemp@chru-strasbourg.fr.|Team IMIS/Neurocrypto, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University Hospitals of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France. jennifer.kemp@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Team IMIS/Neurocrypto, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University Hospitals of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Philippi
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Clélie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillipps
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demuynck
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Timothée
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albasser
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin-Hunyadi
authors.affiliation: INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique-1434, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Mutter
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Team IMIS/Neurocrypto, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University Hospitals of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cretin
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Geriatric Day Hospital, Strasbourg, France.|CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Center), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|Team IMIS/Neurocrypto, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University Hospitals of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France.|INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique-1434, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanc
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive profile; Dementia with Lewy bodies; Mild cognitive impairment; Prodromal