title: Adaptation of acaricide stress facilitatesTetranychus urticaeexpanding againstTetranychus cinnabarinusin China.
abstract: The two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae, and the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus, are invasive and native species in China, respectively. Compared withT. cinnabarinus,T. urticaehas expanded into most parts of China and has become the dominant species of spider mite since 1983, when it was first reported in China. However, the mechanism of the demographic conversion has not been illuminated. In this study, oneT. urticaefield population and oneT. cinnabarinusfield population were isolated from the same plant in the same field, and the toxicological characteristics were compared between these two species. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated thatT. urticaewas more tolerant to commonly used acaricides thanT. cinnabarinus. The activities of detoxification enzymes were significantly greater inT. urticae, and the fold changes of enzymes activities inT. urticaewere also greater following exposure to acaricides. Furthermore, more metabolism-related genes were upregulated at a basal level, and more genes were induced inT. urticaefollowing exposure to acaricides. The comparison of proteins and genes between both species led credence to the hypothesis thatT. urticaewas more resistant to acaricides, which was the reason explaining the expansion of invasiveT. urticaeagainst nativeT. cinnabarinus. Laboratory simulation experiments demonstrated that following the application of acaricides, the composition of a mixedT. urticae/T. cinnabarinuspopulation would change from aT. cinnabarinus-dominant to aT. urticae-dominant population. This study not only reveals thatT. urticaepossesses stronger detoxification capacity than its sibling speciesT. cinnabarinus, which facilitated its persistent expansion in China, but also points to the need to accurately identifyTetranychusspecies and to develop species-specific management strategies for these pests.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China.
authors.forename: Wencai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China.
authors.forename: Mengyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China.
authors.forename: Guangmao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5491-5375
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
keywords: RNA‐seq; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus urticae; acaricide; expansion; population structure