title: The effects of umbilical cord entanglement upon labor management and fetal health: retrospective case control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study aimed at determining prognostic factors that paved the way for umbilical cord entanglement (UCE) and the effects of UCE upon labor management and fetal health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty women who gave term birth with head presentation and received UCE diagnosis following birth composed the case group while another 60 women with the same characteristics who were selected with randomized sampling method and who did not develop UCE comprised the control group. The data obtained were processed with SPSS 22.0 statistical program. T test was used for comparing demographic and obstetric data and mean birth weight of babies in the case group and control group. For comparing data on active labor management and fetal health, numbers, percentages and chi-square test were used. Also for comparing values <5, Fisher's chi-square test was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emergent cesarean delivery (case: 58.3.0%; control: 21.7%), vacuum assisted vaginal delivery (case: 20.0%; control: 3.3%), forceps assisted vaginal delivery (case: 8.3%; control: 1.7%), fetal distress (case: 60.0%; control: 25.0%), amniotic fluid meconium (case: 58.3%; control: 21.7%), APGAR score less than 7 at the 1st minute (case: 58.3%; control: 21.7%) and APGAR score less than 7 at the 5th minute were higher in the women in the case group than the women in the control group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UCE increased rates of interventional birth, emergent cesarean delivery, vacuum assisted vaginal delivery, forceps assisted vaginal delivery, amniotic fluid meconium and fetal distress.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nursing , Hitit University School of Health , Corum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuriye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buyukkayaci Duman
authors.affiliation: b Department of Midwifery , Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topuz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Physiology , Hitit University Faculty of Medicine , Corum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Omer
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Bostanci
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetric and Gynecology , Hitit University Faculty of Medicine , Corum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gorkem
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nursing , Hitit University School of Health , Corum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuksel Kocak
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetric and Gynecology , Hitit University Faculty of Medicine , Corum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Togrul
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetric and Gynecology , Hitit University Faculty of Medicine , Corum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gungor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014470:Umbilical Cord
keywords: Umbilical cord entanglement; fetal health; labor management