title: Responses of phytoplankton to experimental fertilization with ammonium and phosphate in an African soda lake.
abstract: Phytoplankton abundance in tropical lakes is more often judged to be limited by nitrogen than phosphorus, but seldom does the evidence include controlled enrichments of natural populations. In January 1980 we performed the first experimental fertilization in an equatorial African soda lake, Lake Sonachi, a small, meromictic volcanic crater lake in Kenya. During our study the natural phytoplankton abundance was ca. 80 μg chl a/l, and the euphotic zone PO4and NH4concentrations were less than 0.5 μM. In the monimolimnion PO4reached 180 μM and NH4reached 4,600 μM. Replicate polyethylene cylinders (5 m long, 1.2 m3) were enriched to attain 10 μM PO4and 100 μM NH4. Phytoplankton responses were measured as chlorophyll, cell counts and particulate N, P and C. After two days, the chlorophyll increase in the P treatment was significantly higher than the control (P<0.01) while the N treatment was not. After five days the molar N/P ratio of seston was the same in the N treatment and control (23) but only 6 in the P treatment. The molar N/P ratio of seston in an unenriched Lake Sonachi sample was 21 and in samples from Lakes Bogoria and Elmenteita, two shallow soda lakes in Kenya, the ratios were 12 and 70 respectively. We conclude that limitation of phytoplankton abundance by phosphorus can occur even in some tropical African soda lakes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA.|Marine Science Institute, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA.|Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Horn Point Environmental Laboratories, University of Maryland, Box 775, 21613, Cambridge, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Melack
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA.|Marine Science Institute, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA.|Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Horn Point Environmental Laboratories, University of Maryland, Box 775, 21613, Cambridge, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kilham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA.|Marine Science Institute, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA.|Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Horn Point Environmental Laboratories, University of Maryland, Box 775, 21613, Cambridge, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fisher