title: Piezoelectric Cantilever Biosensors for Label-free, Real-time Detection of DNA and RNA.
abstract: This chapter reviews the design, fabrication, characterization, and application of piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors. The sensor transduction mechanism, sensing principle, and mode of operation are discussed. Bio-recognition strategies and surface functionalization methods for detection of DNA and RNA are discussed with a focus on self-assembly-based approaches. Methods for the verification of biosensor response via secondary binding assays, reversible binding assays, and the integration of complementary transduction mechanisms are presented. Sensing applications for medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring are provided. PEMC sensor technology provides a robust platform for the real-time, label-free detection of DNA and RNA in complex matrices over nanomolar (nM) to attomolar (aM) concentration ranges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, School of Neuroscience, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Haring
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, School of Neuroscience, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cesewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, School of Neuroscience, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. bnj@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Blake N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D006046:Gold; D004247:DNA
keywords: Bio-recognition; Biosensing; Biosensor; Cantilever; Dynamic mode; Piezoelectric; Real-time detection; Resonant frequency; Resonant frequency shift; Resonant mode