title: The Plastic Surgeon as Employee: A Pilot Survey of the California Society of Plastic Surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plastic surgeons endure years of training yet remain poorly equipped to negotiate first employment contracts. Our aims were to evaluate typical plastic surgeon employment contracts and assess contract comprehensiveness. We sought elements that should be included to better preserve varied interests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A brief, anonymous, e-mailed survey was sent to California Society of Plastic Surgeons members and responses collected over 2 months. We collected information such as years in practice, geographic area, types of practices and number of surgeons within them, and legal standing of partnerships. We asked whether respondents sought legal assistance and specific elements were elaborated. We asked how content they were with their contracts while allowing commentary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our survey generated 113 responses. 50.0% of respondents reported being in practice for at least 20 years; 2.68% had been in practice for up to 5 years. 62.5% reported being in private practice and 27.7% reported being in academia. In-state geographic distribution of respondents accounted for 85.6%, whereas 14.4% reported practicing out-of-state.Practice size was diverse, with 41.4% of respondents having worked in a group practice of 3 or more, 27.9% in partnership, and 23.4% in solo practice. For partnerships, 29.9% had made formal legal arrangements, whereas 20.6% had made informal arrangements. 74.5% of respondents did not seek legal assistance.Malpractice coverage varied from 51.6% with claims-made, to 21.7% with tail, to 33.0% with no coverage at all. 63.9% reported having no group disability policy. 26.4% reported annual income of less than US $100,000; 49.1% reported US $101,000 to US $200,000; 17.9% reported US $201,000 to US $300,000; 6.60% reported greater than US $300,000. Using a 5-point scale, 7.69% of respondents reported being "extremely dissatisfied" with their first employment contracts (score of 1), whereas 24.0% were "perfectly happy" (5).Eighty-two respondents offered advice. Common themes included seeking legal counsel; considering eventual solo practice; planning long-term; seeking mentorship; and cautioning against third party interests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New plastic surgeons will find themselves employed by institutions. Seeking attorneys familiar with the profession is advisable. Lack of awareness regarding malpractice options and disability coverage are 2 areas of concern. We reveal critical contract elements that surgeons should negotiate to ensure smooth transition to practice.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA; †Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; ‡McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific; and §Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA.
authors.forename: Nirav Bipin
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Demetrius M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.forename: Mena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arsalai
authors.forename: Chin-Shang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Lee L Q
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D003284:Contract Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007351:Insurance, Liability / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011365:Professional Practice Location; D066231:Surgeons; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires