title: Further victimization of child sexual abuse victims: A latent class typology of re-victimization trajectories.
abstract: The association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and risk for re-victimization is well-documented; however, less is known about the temporal progression of re-victimization experiences over the early life-course among CSA survivors, and whether this differs from that of those without known sexual abuse histories. This study investigated whether there are distinct temporal pathways of interpersonal re-victimization between the ages of 10-25 years among medically confirmed CSA cases, and considered whether abuse variables, re-victimization variables, and the presence of other adverse outcomes, were associated with heterogeneity in re-victimization pathways. The data were collected as part of a large-scale data-linkage study in which the medical records of 2759 cases of contact-CSA between 1964 and 1995 were linked, between 13 and 44 years following abuse, to police and public psychiatric databases; cases were compared to a matched community sample (n=2677). Using a subsample of 510 (401 victims; 109 comparisons) individuals with an interpersonal (re)victimization history, we examined the aggregate 'age-(re)victimization' curves for CSA victims and comparisons, respectively. Further, we applied longitudinal latent class analysis to explore heterogeneity in re-victimization trajectories among abuse survivors across their early life-course. Four latent pathways were identified, labeled: Normative; Childhood-Limited; Emerging-Adulthood; and Chronic re-victimization trajectories. Older age at abuse, a criminal history, and mental health problems were uniquely predictive of membership to the more problematic and persistent re-victimization trajectories. Findings indicate that individuals exposed to CSA during adolescence may be particularly vulnerable to poorer re-victimization trajectories, characterized by multiple risk indices, and thus may warrant increased service provision.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), 505 Hoddle Street Clifton Hill, 3068 Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: npapalia@swin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nina L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Papalia
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), 505 Hoddle Street Clifton Hill, 3068 Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: sluebbers@swin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luebbers
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), 505 Hoddle Street Clifton Hill, 3068 Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: jogloff@swin.edu.au.
authors.forename: James R P
authors.initials: JRP
authors.lastname: Ogloff
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), 505 Hoddle Street Clifton Hill, 3068 Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: margaret.cutajar@forensicare.vic.gov.au.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cutajar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), 505 Hoddle Street Clifton Hill, 3068 Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: pmullen@bigpond.net.au.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), 505 Hoddle Street Clifton Hill, 3068 Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: ecmann@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D058445:Bullying; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual; D019548:Crime Victims; D057237:Criminals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Child sexual abuse; Follow-up study; Life-course; Linked administrative data; Re-victimization; Trajectory