title: Rediscovering scavenger receptor type BI: surprising new roles for the HDL receptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is classically known for its role in antiatherogenic reverse cholesterol transport as it selectively takes up cholesterol esters from HDL. Here, we have highlighted recent literature that describes novel functions for SR-BI in physiology and disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large population-based study has revealed that patients heterozygous for the P376L mutant form of SR-BI showed significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol and had increased risk of cardiovascular disease, demonstrating that SR-BI in humans is a significant determinant of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, SR-BI has been shown to modulate the susceptibility to LPS-induced tissue injury and the ability of sphingosine 1 phosphate to interact with its receptor, linking SR-BI to the regulation of inflammation. In addition, important domains within the molecule (Trp-415) as well as novel regulators (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2) of SR-BI's selective uptake function have recently been identified. Moreover, relatively high expression levels of the SR-BI protein have been observed in a variety of cancer tissues, which is associated with a reduced overall survival rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HDL receptor SR-BI is a potential therapeutic target not only in the cardiovascular disease setting, but also in inflammatory conditions as well as in cancer.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands bDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin cBlood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Menno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorci-Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018955:CD36 Antigens