title: Pyramidal and Taurodont Molars and Their Association With Other Tooth Anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the prevalence of pyramidal molars (PMs), associated tooth anomalies, and medical conditions (MC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pantomograms from 10,168 subjects were searched for PMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 148 individuals (75.7 percent females), aged 9.7 to 18.9 years old, had PMs. Subjects with MCs (53.4 percent) had on average 17 percent more PMs (P=.0476) and 2.8 times greater odds of palatally displaced canines (P=.0309). The mean number of pyramidal and taurodont molars per subject was 2.9±1.4 (SD) and 3.1±1.7 (SD), respectively. In both sexes, 63.5 percent of all observed PMs were located in the maxilla and 78.5 percent of all PMs were second molars. Taurodont molars increased by 9.4 percent as other tooth anomalies increased by one, but decreased by 8.2 percent for each additional PM. Tooth anomalies associated with PMs were palatally displaced canines (17.6 percent) and short root anomaly of maxillary central incisors (6.1 percent). Delayed eruption was noted in 9.5 percent, tooth agenesis in 6.1 percent, and supernumerary teeth in 3.4 percent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of pyramidal molars was 1.4 percent, and the female-to-male ratio was 3.1 to one. Pyramidal molars are often associated with medical conditions and other tooth anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Professor and chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, in Colorado, USA;, Email: Ulrich.Klein@childrenscolorado.org.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Pediatric dentist in private practice, Englewood, in Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Bramaramba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paimagham
authors.affiliation: Graduate research assistant, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, in Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blumhagen
authors.affiliation: Research instructor and assistant director, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, in Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kroehl
authors.affiliation: IT analyst, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Children's Hospital Colorado, in Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities*; D015995:Prevalence; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012737:Sex Factors; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*