title: TLR9-based immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors expressed on many cell types of innate immunity, recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microbes. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that a reduced microbial exposure in early childhood increases the susceptibility to allergic diseases due to deviation in development of the immune system. TLRs are key roles in the right and healthy direction of adaptive immunity with the induction of T-helper 2 toward Th1 immune responses and regulatory T cells. TLR ligand CpG-ODN-based immunomodulation is independent of allergen and it mainly affects innate immune system. While, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-based vaccination is allergen specific and induces adaptive immune system. The use of agonists of TLR9 in two distinct strategies of immunotherapy, immunomodulation and vaccination, could be presented as the curative method for the treatment of allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Asthma & Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Shokrollah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farrokhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Asthma & Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Narjes
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abbasirad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movahed
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology & Hematology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Khazaei
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pishjoo
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: TLR9; Toll-like receptors; allergic diseases; immunotherapy