title: Population structure of pierid butterflies IV. Genetic and physiological investment in offspring by male Colias.
abstract: Population structure encompasses all the rules by which a population's gametes come together, including genetic and physiological investment in offspring. We document female use of nutrients donated by males at mating, and complete sperm precedence, in Colias eurytheme Boisduval. The effect of these phenomena on the population structure of this species is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Boggs
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ward B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Watt