title: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the world, yet the pathogenesis of the disease is not well elucidated. Due to the close anatomic and functional association between the intestinal lumen and the liver through the portal system, it is speculated that the gut microbiome may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, diet, which can modulate the gut microbiome and several metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD development, shows a potential tripartite relation between the gut, diet, and the liver. In this review, we summarize the current evidence that supports the association between NAFLD, the gut microbiome, and the role of diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Deanna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; a_hekmat2000@yahoo.com.|Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hekmatdoost
mesh_terms: D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D002794:Choline
keywords: NAFLD; NASH; diet; gut microbiota; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; probiotics