title: Quantitative staging of embryonic development of the tobacco hawkmoth,Manduca sexta.
abstract: A complete timetable of embryonic development of the tobacco hawkmoth,Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), is presented. Using living embryos, 20 developmental stages from oviposition to hatching are described with respect to their morphological and physiological maturation. This staging series provides a simple method to identify the stage ofManduca development during all phases of embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Kendal S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Broadie
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, Cambridge, England.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bate
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tublitz
keywords: Developmental entomology; Insect embryogenesis; Insect neurodevelopment; Invertebrate development; Lepidopteran development; Manduca sexta