title: Survival and Inflammatory Response in Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-enriched Mouse Fat Grafts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) are currently used in grafting procedures in a number of clinical trials. The reconstructive role of such cells in fat graft enrichment is largely unclear. This study was undertaken to assess survival and inflammatory response in fat grafts enriched with ATMSCs in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  ATMSC-enriched adipose tissue was grafted subcutaneously in a clinically relevant manner in mice, and survival and inflammatory response were determined by bioluminescence imaging of transgenic tissue constitutively expressing luciferase or driven by inflammation in wild-type animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only a minor fraction of ATMSCs transplanted subcutaneously were found to survive long term, yet fat grafts enriched with ATMSCs showed improved survival for a limited period, compared with no enrichment. NF-κB activity was transiently increased in ATMSC-enriched grafts, and the grafts responded adequately to a proinflammatory stimulus. In one animal, cells originating from the subcutaneous graft were found at a site of inflammation distant from the site of engraftment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATMSCs display limited subcutaneous survival. Still, ATMSC enrichment may improve the outcome of adipose tissue grafting procedures by facilitating short-term graft survival and adequate inflammatory responses. Migration of cells from grafted adipose tissue requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Pathology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Norwegian Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anadi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Begic
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Pathology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Norwegian Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Björn L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Isfoss
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Pathology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Norwegian Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Linn K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lønnerød
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Pathology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Norwegian Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Pathology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Norwegian Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan Ø
authors.initials: JØ
authors.lastname: Moskaug