title: Older Adult Kidney Function Assessment and Rounding Creatinine Led to Medication Dosing Error.
abstract: Kidney function assessment in older adults can be unreliable because of many factors, and inaccurate assessment can lead to medication dosing error. Practitioners may have adopted the method of rounding creatinine to an arbitrary number 1.0 because of change in muscle mass and age-related change. This has in fact proven to cause more harm than good, potentially leading to underdosing of many medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search performed using PubMed with the following key words (rounding serum creatinine, rounding serum creatinine AND pharmacist or pharmacy, rounding serum creatinine AND doctor or physician or healthcare, rounding serum creatinine AND kidney function) with no restrictions (dates or any other requirement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the PubMed results, articles related to rounding of serum creatinine (Scr) and kidney function assessments were identified and reviewed. Most studies were retrospectives, 1 cross-sectional, 1 meta-analysis, and others were unidentified. These studies included various ways of estimating kidney functions (Tc DTPA clearance, Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance, 24-hour urine collection, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration), used various weights (actual body weight, ideal body weight, adjusted body weight), and most studies used 1.0 for rounding up Scr (other studies used 0.8 and 0.85). There was no associated relationship found as related to practicing professions (pharmacists vs. physician) to the practice of rounding Scr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All studies yielded inaccurate kidney function upon rounding of Scr and leading to medication dosing error. All studies suggested against rounding Scr when assessing kidney function in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, LIU Pharmacy, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: LIU Pharmacy, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Yanique
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: LIU Pharmacy, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Shpres
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cekaj
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine