title: Nonvisual feeding in a visual planktivore, Xenomelaniris venezuelae.
abstract: Studies of the diel feeding patterns of the planktivorous fish, Xenomelaniris venezuelae, in Lake Valencia, Venezuela, revealed that, although the fish is primarily a diurnal feeder, it consumes substantial numbers of Chaoborus larvae and pupae at night. A number of fish species are known which feed on plankton at night, but these fish are filter feeders and their diets largely consist of relatively small, nonevasive prey. Chaoborus, however, is large and agile. Predation by Xenomelaniris in the dark was also studied experimentally. Captured fish were placed in completely darkened aquaria with zooplankton from Lake Valencia. After several hours the plankton was removed and examined for evidence of feeding. The fish were found to consume Chaoborus pupae and fourth instar larvae but not other types of prey. The mode of feeding by Xenomelaniris in the dark is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, 80309, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, 80309, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, 80309, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Diane H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: McClearn