title: Growth and sex ratio of nestlings in two species of crows: how important is hatching asynchrony?
abstract: In experimental studies of avian hatching paterns offspring sex has been neglected. This may be a problem if nestling growth and mortality is sex biased, and if this bias is influenced by hatching spread. In a field study of two crow species, the magpie Pica pica and the hooded crow Corvus corone cornix, we manipulated hatching spread. Both species have asynchronous hatching, and adult males are larger than females by 12-14%. The sex ratios obtained from the different experimental groups on day 24 post-hatch (total sample n = 403) did not deviate significantly from unity, nor did the sex ratios obtained among young newly hatched in an incubator (total sample n = 305). Male and female offspring were of similar size at hatching but males were larger on day 24 post-hatch. Males seemed to be more costly to rear than females, judging by the 20% difference in the mean amounts of food found in the gizzards of the young on day 24 post-hatch. Dimorphism in body size did not seem to be influenced by degree of hatching spread. Asynchronous hatching did not seem to be needed to produce high quality offspring of the larger sex (i.e. males), nor did asynchronous hatching help to ensure equal parental investment in male and female progeny. One reason for the latter negative results may be that the size dimorphism of the two crow species studied were relatively small.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1050, N-0316, Oslo 3, Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Slagsvold
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Trondheim, N-7055, Dragvoll, Norway.
authors.forename: Magne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husby
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Trondheim, N-7055, Dragvoll, Norway.
authors.forename: Jostein
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandvik
keywords: Corvus corone; Hatching asynchrony; Pica pica; Sex ratio; Sexual dimorphism