title: Disruption in bone marrow fat may attenuate testosterone action on muscle size after spinal cord injury: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into muscle satellite cells. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) promotes the differentiation of satellite cells into muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 31-year-old male with a T4 complete chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) had fixation for a mid-shaft fracture of the left femur. The participant received transdermal testosterone patches (4 mg/day) daily for 16 weeks. Skeletal muscle and yellow bone marrow adiposity cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of both thighs were measured using magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yellow bone marrow CSA was 67-69% lower in the left femur compared to the right femur. Following intervention, a discrepancy was noted between the whole skeletal muscle CSAs of the right (+13%) and left (+6%) thighs. The right knee extensor CSA increased by 7% with no changes in the left CSA. Disruption in bone marrow fat may attenuate the systemic effects of TRT on muscle size.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA - ashraf.gorgey@va.gov.|Department Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA - ashraf.gorgey@va.gov.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gorgey
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.|Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Ranjodh S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.|Department Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lavis
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.|Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone