title: Changes in prevalence of tobacco use and the factors that may affect use among Uganda youth: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2007-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess changes from 2007 to 2011 in the prevalence of tobacco use and tobacco-related indicators in Uganda by examining results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Both the 2007 (n=2,251) and 2011 (n=2,026) Uganda GYTS were conducted among students in primary seven, secondary one, two, and three. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to generate a representative sample of students for the surveys. Stata 12 software was used to provide weighted prevalence estimates and logistic regression models were developed to examine the relationship between factors that influence tobacco use and current tobacco use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of students who had ever smoked a cigarette, even just one or two puffs, declined from 15.6% in 2007 to 10.9% in 2011 (p=0.03). From 2007 to 2011, neither the percentage of current use of any tobacco (16.6% to 17.3%, p=0.75), nor the percentage of current (past 30 day) cigarette smoking (5.5% to 4.8%,p=0.59) changed significantly. Following adjustment, having parents [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):1.9, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.3-2.8] and friends [AOR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.0)] who smoke, and having seen tobacco advertisements in print media [AOR 1.8(1.3-2.4)], were associated with greater odds of current tobacco use among students in 2007.Having parents who smoke [AOR;1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0] was associated with greater odds of current tobacco use among students in 2011.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From 2007 to 2011, no significant change occurred in the prevalence of current tobacco use or cigarette smoking among youth in Uganda. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective population-level public health interventions, as outlined in the articles of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, to prevent and reduce the use of tobacco among youth in Uganda.
authors.affiliation: Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Government of Uganda.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kadobera
authors.affiliation: Global Health, American Cancer Society (ACS).
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaussard
authors.affiliation: Office of Smoking and Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Kyung Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET).
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ayebazibwe
authors.affiliation: Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Government of Uganda.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ndyanabangi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D014943:Global Health; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: FCTC; GTSS; GYTS; Tobacco use; prevalence; tobacco control; youth