title: mHealth and the management of chronic conditions in rural areas: a note of caution from southern India.
abstract: This article examines challenges facing implementation of likely mHealth programmes in rural India. Based on fieldwork in Andhra Pradesh in 2014, and taking as exemplars two chronic medical 'conditions' - type 2 diabetes and depression - we look at ways in which people in one rural area currently access medical treatment; we also explore how adults there currently use mobile phones in daily life, to gauge the realistic likelihood of uptake for possible mHealth initiatives. We identify the very different pathways to care for these two medical conditions, and we highlight the importance to the rural population of healthcare outside the formal health system provided by those known as registered medical practitioners (RMP), who despite their title are neither registered nor trained. We also show how limited is the use currently made of very basic mobile phones by the majority of the older adult population in this rural context. Not only may this inhibit mHealth potential in the near future; just as importantly, our data suggest how difficult it may be to identify a clinical partner for patients or their carers for any mHealth application designed to assist the management of chronic ill-health in rural India. Finally, we examine how the promotion of patient 'self-management' may not be as readily translated to a country like India as proponents of mHealth might assume.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester , UK.
authors.forename: Papreen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.affiliation: b Indian Institute of Public Health , Hyderabad , India.
authors.forename: Nanda Kishore
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kannuri
authors.affiliation: c IFHE University , Hyderabad , India.
authors.forename: Sitamma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikkilineni
authors.affiliation: b Indian Institute of Public Health , Hyderabad , India.
authors.forename: G V S
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: d School of Geography, Politics and Sociology , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phillimore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019035:Rural Health Services; D012424:Rural Population; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: RMP; South India; depression; diabetes; informal providers; mHealth; medical pluralism