title: Adaptation in Caco-2 Human Intestinal Cell Differentiation and Phenolic Transport with Chronic Exposure to Blackberry (Rubus sp.) Extract.
abstract: As evidence mounts for a health-protective role of dietary phenolics, the importance of understanding factors influencing bioavailability increases. Recent evidence has suggested chronic exposure to phenolics may impact their absorption and metabolism. To explore alterations occurring from chronic dietary exposure to phenolics, Caco-2 cell monolayers were differentiated on Transwell inserts with 0-10 μM blackberry (Rubus sp.) total phenolics extracts rich in anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. Following differentiation, apical to basolateral transport of phenolics was assessed from an acute treatment of 100 μM blackberry phenolics from 0 to 4 h. Additionally, differences in gene expression of transport and phase II metabolizing systems including ABC transporters, organic anion transporters (OATs), and uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP) glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) were probed. After 4 h, 1 μM pretreated monolayers showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the percentage of cumulative transport including less epicatechin (42.1 ± 0.53), kaempferol glucoside (23.5 ± 0.29), and dicaffeoylquinic acid (31.9 ± 0.20) compared to control. Finally, significant (P < 0.05) alterations in mRNA expression of key phase II metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins were observed with treatment. Therefore, adaptation to blackberry extract exposure may impact intestinal transport and metabolism of phenolics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University , 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Redan
authors.affiliation: Food Components and Health Laboratory, USDA-ARS , 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BLDG 307-B BARC-EAST, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Albaugh
authors.affiliation: Food Components and Health Laboratory, USDA-ARS , 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BLDG 307-B BARC-EAST, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Charron
authors.affiliation: Food Components and Health Laboratory, USDA-ARS , 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BLDG 307-B BARC-EAST, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University , 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.|Department of Food Science, Purdue University , 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-2672
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferruzzi
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D065856:Rubus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase
keywords: Caco-2; anthocyanins; bioavailability; blackberry; phenolics