title: Copy number variation in 19 Italian multiplex families with autism spectrum disorder: Importance of synaptic and neurite elongation genes.
abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is endowed with impressive heritability estimates and high recurrence rates. Its genetic underpinnings are nonetheless very heterogeneous, with common, and rare contributing variants located in hundreds of different loci, each characterized by variable levels of penetrance. Multiplex families from single ethnic groups represent a useful means to reduce heterogeneity and enhance genetic load. We screened 19 Italian ASD multiplex families (3 triplets and 16 duplets, total N = 41 ASD subjects), using array-CGH (Agilent 180 K). Causal or ASD-relevant CNVs were detected in 36.6% (15/41) of ASD probands, corresponding to 36.8% (7/19) multiplex families with at least one affected sibling genetically positive. However, only in less than half (3/7) of positive families, affected siblings share the same causal or ASD-relevant CNV. Even in these three families, additional potentially relevant CNVs not shared by affected sib pairs were also detected. These results provide further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in ASD even within multiplex families belonging to a single ethnic group. Differences in CNV burden may likely contribute to the substantial clinical heterogeneity observed between affected siblings. In addition, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicates that most potentially causal or relevant ASD genes detected in our cohort belong to nervous system-specific categories, especially involved in neurite elongation and synaptic structure/function. These findings point toward the existence of genomic instability in these families, whose underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms deserve further scrutiny.
authors.affiliation: Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lintas
authors.affiliation: Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picinelli
authors.affiliation: Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ignazio Stefano
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.affiliation: Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brogna
authors.affiliation: Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy.|Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-4479
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Persico
keywords: CNV; array CGH; autism; gene ontology; neurodevelopmental disorder