title: The gut microbiome and microbial translocation in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a distinct intestinal microbial community (microbiota) and increased low-grade translocation of bacteria from the intestines into the circulation. The observed change of intestinal bacteria in MS patients regulate immune functions involved in MS pathogenesis. These functions include: systemic and central nervous system (CNS) immunity (including peripheral regulatory T cell function), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and CNS-resident cell activity. This review discusses the MS intestinal microbiota implication on MS systemic- and CNS-immunopathology. We introduce the possible contributions of MS low-grade microbial translocation (LG-MT) to the development of MS, and end on a discussion on microbiota therapies for MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4258 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4258 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4015 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States. Electronic address: maodraay@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao-Draayer
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: CNS; Gut-brain axis; Intestinal permeability; Microbial translocation; Microbiome; Multiple sclerosis