title: Concentrations of Trace Elements in Adult and Nestling Black-Tailed Gulls (Larus crassirostris).
abstract: Trace element concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) were measured in the liver of black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) adults (n = 10) and nestlings (n = 10) collected at Chilsando Island, Jellanam-do, Korea, in June 2011. Adults gulls, when compared to nestlings, accumulated higher concentrations of all trace elements; Cd, 0.53 and 0.04 µg/g dry weight (dw), respectively, Pb, 0.47 and 0.21 µg/g dw, Cr, 0.08 and 0.05 µg/g dw, Al, 6.56 and 3.94 µg/g dw, Cu, 5.57 and 3.88 µg/g dw, Mn, 3.71 and 1.99 µg/g dw, Zn, 34.1 and 22.9 µg/g dw and Fe, 279 and 171 µg/g dw. No individuals of either adults or nestlings exceeded the threshold level for toxic effects for Cd (>3.0 µg/g dw), Pb (>6.0 µg/g dw) and Cr (>4.0 µg/g dw). Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations were comparable or lower than reported in other gull studies worldwide. None of the other elements present in the liver of black-tailed gull adults and nestlings were at toxic levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea. jmoh@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D046091:Charadriiformes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Age-dependent accumulation; Black-tailed gulls; Liver; Trace elements