title: Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Iranian native dogs.
abstract: The dog mtDNA diversity picture from wide geographical sampling but from a small number of individuals per region or breed, displayed little geographical correlation and high degree of haplotype sharing between very distant breeds. For a clear picture, we extensively surveyed Iranian native dogs (n = 305) in comparison with published European (n = 443) and Southwest Asian (n = 195) dogs. Twelve haplotypes related to haplogroups A, B and C were shared by Iranian, European, Southwest Asian and East Asian dogs. In Iran, haplotype and nucleotide diversities were highest in east, southeast and northwest populations while western population had the least. Sarabi and Saluki dog populations can be assigned into haplogroups A, B, C and D; Qahderijani and Kurdi to haplogroups A, B and C, Torkaman to haplogroups A, B and D while Sangsari and Fendo into haplogroups A and B, respectively. Evaluation of population differentiation using pairwise FSTgenerally revealed no clear population structure in most Iranian dog populations. The genetic signal of a recent demographic expansion was detected in East and Southeast populations. Further, in accordance with previous studies on dog-wolf hybridization for haplogroup d2 origin, the highest number of d2 haplotypes in Iranian dog as compared to other areas of Mediterranean basin suggests Iran as the probable center of its origin. Historical evidence showed that Silk Road linked Iran to countries in South East Asia and other parts of the world, which might have probably influenced effective gene flow within Iran and these regions. The medium nucleotide diversity observed in Iranian dog calls for utilization of appropriate management techniques in increasing effective population size.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.|b Yong Researchers Society , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amiri Ghanatsaman
authors.affiliation: c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China.
authors.forename: Adeniyi C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Adeola
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asadi Fozi
authors.affiliation: d State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan , Yunnan University , Kunming , China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China.
authors.forename: Min-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China.
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.|c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmailizadeh
authors.affiliation: c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China.|d State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan , Yunnan University , Kunming , China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D051456:Gene Flow; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D007492:Iran; D010802:Phylogeny; D011156:Population Density; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Iran; Mitochondrial DNA; dog; population structure