title: The effect of increasing dairy calcium intake of adolescent girls on changes in body fat and weight.
abstract: Background:Overweight is epidemic in adolescents and is a major concern because it tracks into adulthood. Evidence supports the efficacy of high-calcium, high-dairy diets in achieving healthy weight in adults. However, no randomized controlled trials of the effect of dairy food on weight and body fat in adolescents have been reported to our knowledge.Objective:The aim was to determine whether increasing calcium intake to recommended amounts with dairy foods in adolescent girls with habitually low calcium intakes would decrease body fat gain compared with girls who continued their low calcium intake. Participants had above-the-median body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2).Design:We enrolled 274 healthy postmenarcheal 13- to 14-y-old overweight girls who had calcium intakes of ≤600 mg/d in a 12-mo randomized controlled trial. Girls were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 groups within each of 3 BMI percentiles: 50th to <70th, 70th to <85th, and 85th to <98th. The assignments were1) dairy, which included low-fat milk or yogurt servings providing ≥1200 mg Ca/d or2) control, which included the usual diet of ≤600 mg Ca/d.Results:We failed to detect a statistically significant difference between groups in percentage of body fat gain over 12 mo (mean ± SEM: dairy 0.40% ± 0.53% > control;P< 0.45). The effect of the intervention did not differ by BMI percentile stratum. There was no difference in weight change between the 2 groups.Conclusion:Our findings that the dairy group gained body fat similar to the control group provide no support for dairy food as a stratagem to decrease body fat or weight gain in overweight adolescent girls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01066806.
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE; jmlappe@creighton.edu.|College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8274-2515
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lappe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0348-4042
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and.
authors.forename: Corrine
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5118-591X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Desmangles
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Misty
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003611:Dairy Products; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk; D050177:Overweight; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain; D015014:Yogurt
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002118:Calcium
keywords: adolescence; dairy foods; dietary calcium intake; girls; percentage of body fat; weight