title: Histological and Histomorphometrical Determination of the Biogradation of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Prospective Observational Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have recently used highly pure β-TCP (beta-tricalcium phosphate) as the bone grafting material to avoid highly invasive autogenous bone grafting. We evaluated the osseoconduction potential of highly pure β-TCP in sinus augmentation surgery treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 13 patients who underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP alone. Seven patients underwent sinus augmentation and implant placement simultaneously. Six patients were treated with a staged approach. Six months after surgery, specimens were obtained from 7 patients (for lateral biopsy) and 6 patients (for vertical biopsy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological and histomorphometrical analysis showed a mean bone proportion of 30.8% (vertical) and 12.0% (lateral) for new bone formation and good integration of the β-TCP. New bone formation was lower in the lateral biopsy specimens than in the vertical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly pure β-TCP is a safe bone-grafting material with superior osteoconductive properties. Histologic and radiographic examinations indicate that β-TCP is slowly resorbed, which results in unresorbed graft material remaining even 6 months after the procedure, and that new bone replacement occurs slowly for approximately 1 year.
authors.affiliation: *Lecturer, Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. †Assistant Professor, Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. ‡Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Removable Prosthetics, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan. §Professor, Clinic for Implant Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munakata
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasugai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate