title: Cumulative advantages and social capabilities in scientific mobility in the Health Sciences: The Spanish case.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The big problem in global public health, arising from the international migration of physicians from less-developed to more-developed countries, increases if this migration also affects scientists dedicated to health areas. This article analyzes critical variables in the processes of Spanish scientific mobility in Health Sciences to articulate effective management policies for the benefit of national public health services and the balance between local and global science.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study develops a survey to measure and analyze the following crucial variables: research career, training, funding, working with a world-class team, institutional prestige, wages, facilities/infrastructure, working conditions in the organization of the destination country, fringe benefits in the organization of the destination country and social responsibility in the organization of the departure country. A total of 811 researchers have participated in the survey, of which 293 were from the health sector: Spanish scientists abroad (114), scientists that have returned to Spain (32) and young researchers in Spain (147).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most crucial variables for Spanish scientists and young researchers in Spain in Health Sciences moving abroad are the cumulative advantages (research career, training, funding and institutional prestige) plus wages. On the other hand, the return of Spanish scientists in the Health Sciences is influenced by cumulative variables (working with a world-class team, research career and institutional prestige) and also by other variables related to social factors, such as working conditions and fringe benefits in the destination country. Permanent positions are rare for these groups and their decisions regarding mobility depend to a large extent on job opportunities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spanish health organizations can influence researchers to return, since these decisions mainly depend on job opportunities. These organizations can complement the cumulative advantages offered by the wealthier countries with the intensification of social factors.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Administración y Dirección de Empresas y Economía, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Collado Villalba (Madrid), España.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-8673
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aceituno-Aceituno
authors.affiliation: Independent Researcher, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melchor
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Administración y Dirección de Empresas y Economía, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Collado Villalba (Madrid), España.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danvila-Del-Valle
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UCIIIM), Leganés (Madrid), España.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bousoño-Calzón
mesh_terms: D008511:Medicine; D010820:Physicians; D011634:Public Health; D012106:Research; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires