title: Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites.
abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a broad localization throughout the cell and forms direct physical contacts with all other classes of membranous organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM). A number of protein tethers that mediate these contacts have been identified, and study of these protein tethers has revealed a multiplicity of roles in cell physiology, including regulation of intracellular Ca2+dynamics and signaling as well as control of lipid traffic and homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the cross talk between the ER and the PM mediated by direct contacts. We review factors that tether the two membranes, their properties, and their dynamics in response to the functional state of the cell. We focus in particular on the role of ER-PM contacts in nonvesicular lipid transport between the two bilayers mediated by lipid transfer proteins.
authors.affiliation: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore; email: yasunori.saheki@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saheki
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; email: pietro.decamilli@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Camilli
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015870:Gene Expression; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071740:ORAI1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050857:Synaptotagmins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098825:Oxysterol Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000071740:ORAI1 Protein; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; C103530:STIM1 protein, human; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; C030363:lipid transfer protein; D000098825:Oxysterol Binding Proteins; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ modulator; ORP; Orai; PITP; STIM; extended synaptotagmins; lipid transfer protein; oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)–related protein; phosphatidylinositol transfer protein; stromal interaction molecule