title: Breast milk fatty acid composition and fatty acid intake of lactating mothers in South Korea.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk, and its association with mothers' FA intake. Milk samples were obtained from 238 healthy lactating women who volunteered to participate in the Human Milk Micronutrients Analysis Research. Dietary intake during lactation was assessed using a 3-d food record, and fat content and FA composition of the breast milk samples were analysed by IR spectrometry using MilkoScan FT2 and GC flame ionisation detector, respectively. The fat content was 3·31 (sd 1·41) g/100 ml breast milk. The concentrations of arachidonic acid (20 : 4 n-6), EPA (20 : 5 n-3) and DHA (22 : 6 n-3) in breast milk were 0·48 (sd 0·13), 0·15 (sd 0·12) and 0·67 (sd 0·47) % of total FA, respectively. Fat content and FA composition of breast milk were associated with maternal age, BMI, supplement use and infant age. Dietary intakes of EPA, DHA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA, SFA and PUFA were positively correlated with the corresponding FA in the milk samples. FA levels in breast milk and maternal diet are highly correlated. Further studies are warranted to explore factors that may be associated with changes in FA composition in human milk.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management,Ewha Womans University,52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyesook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2Maeil Asia Human Milk Research Center,Maeil Dairies Co. Ltd,2nd floor, The K Twin Tower A, Jong-ro 1-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03142,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sujeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 2Maeil Asia Human Milk Research Center,Maeil Dairies Co. Ltd,2nd floor, The K Twin Tower A, Jong-ro 1-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03142,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Moon
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 2Maeil Asia Human Milk Research Center,Maeil Dairies Co. Ltd,2nd floor, The K Twin Tower A, Jong-ro 1-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03142,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: 2Maeil Asia Human Milk Research Center,Maeil Dairies Co. Ltd,2nd floor, The K Twin Tower A, Jong-ro 1-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03142,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management,Ewha Womans University,52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760,Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Namsoo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008875:Middle Aged; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D009035:Mothers; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016718:Arachidonic Acid
keywords:  ARA arachidonic acid;  FA fatty acid;  LA linolenic acid;  LCPUFA long-chain PUFA; Breast milk; Dietary intake; Fatty acids; Lactating mothers