title: FUS inclusions disrupt RNA localization by sequestering kinesin-1 and inhibiting microtubule detyrosination.
abstract: Cytoplasmic inclusions of the RNA-binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) represent one type of membraneless ribonucleoprotein compartment. Formation of FUS inclusions is promoted by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutations, but the cellular functions affected upon inclusion formation are poorly defined. In this study, we find that FUS inclusions lead to the mislocalization of specific RNAs from fibroblast cell protrusions and neuronal axons. This is mediated by recruitment of kinesin-1 mRNA and protein within FUS inclusions, leading to a loss of detyrosinated glutamate (Glu)-microtubules (MTs; Glu-MTs) and an inability to support the localization of RNAs at protrusions. Importantly, dissolution of FUS inclusions using engineered Hsp104 disaggregases, or overexpression of kinesin-1, reverses these effects. We further provide evidence that kinesin-1 affects MT detyrosination not through changes in MT stability, but rather through targeting the tubulin carboxypeptidase enzyme onto specific MTs. Interestingly, other pathological inclusions lead to similar outcomes, but through apparently distinct mechanisms. These results reveal a novel kinesin-dependent mechanism controlling the MT cytoskeleton and identify loss of Glu-MTs and RNA mislocalization as common outcomes of ALS pathogenic mutations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: Kyota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5638-9073
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Clatterbuck-Soper
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: Meredith E
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4406-9504
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jackrel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: James
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5269-8533
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shorter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 voula.mili@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9161-8660
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mili
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034702:RNA-Binding Protein FUS / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034702:RNA-Binding Protein FUS; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D012313:RNA; D016547:Kinesins