title: UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS-based phenolic profile and their biosynthetic enzyme activity used to discriminate between cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) maturation stages.
abstract: Cashew immature and ripe peduncles (Anacardium occidentale L.) from orange- and red-colored clones CCP 76 and BRS 189, respectively, were prepared as juice or fibrous fraction and submitted to UPLC-MS analyses, while the soluble fraction was also submitted to enzymatic evaluation. Cinnamoyl glucoside was present in ripe juice samples from both cashew clones, while monogalloyl diglucoside and digalloyl glucoside were present in immature juice samples from both cashew clones. Four compounds were found at immature fiber of both clones, anacardic acids (1, 2, 3) and GA19. The phenolic biosynthetic pathway was evaluated in juice samples and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity decreased significantly during the development, although it was much higher in ripe CCP 76. UDP-glycosyltransferases activity differed between clones, however its product cinnamoyl glucoside was a possible chemical marker of ripe juice samples from both clones. Flavonol synthase showed the highest specific activity in both cashew clones and its product, flavonols were identified in cashew apple at immature and ripe stages.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará. Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Pici,Av. Mister Hull 2297 Bl. 907, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-554, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60511-110, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edy S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60511-110, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos F H
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60511-110, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo R V
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará. Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Pici,Av. Mister Hull 2297 Bl. 907, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-554, Brazil. Electronic address: rmiranda@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Maria Raquel A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D048729:Anacardic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D031021:Anacardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D048729:Anacardic Acids; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C085313:flavonol synthase; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
keywords: Anacardic acid; Cashew apple; Enzymes; Phenolics; Ripening