title: Organisational justice protects against the negative effect of workplace violence on teachers' sleep: a longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association of workplace violence with disturbed sleep and the moderating role of organisational justice (ie, the extent to which employees are treated with fairness) in teaching.
  
  
  
  We identified 4988 teachers participating in the Finnish Public Sector study who reported encountering violence at work. Disturbed sleep was measured in three waves with 2-year intervals: the wave preceding exposure to violence, the wave of exposure and the wave following the exposure. Data on procedural and interactional justice were obtained from the wave of exposure to violence. The associations were examined using repeated measures log-binomial regression analysis with the generalised estimating equations method, adjusting for gender and age.
  
  
  
  Exposure to violence was associated with an increase in disturbed sleep (RR 1.32 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.52)) that also persisted after the exposure (RR 1.26 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.48)). The increase was higher among teachers perceiving the managerial practices as relatively unfair (RR 1.46 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.09) and RR 1.59 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.42) for interactional and procedural justice, respectively). By contrast, working in high-justice conditions seemed to protect teachers from the negative effect of violence on sleep.
  
  
  
  Our findings show an increase in sleep disturbances due to exposure to workplace violence in teaching. However, the extent to which teachers are treated with justice moderates this association. Although preventive measures for violence should be prioritised, resources aimed at promoting justice at schools can mitigate sleep problems associated with workplace violence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gluschkoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hintsa
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005178:Faculty / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D015279:Organizational Culture; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012574:Schools; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012935:Social Justice; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: organizational justice; sleep; workplace violence