title: Integrated multi-ISE arrays with improved sensitivity, accuracy and precision.
abstract: Increasing use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in the biological and environmental fields has generated demand for high-sensitivity ISEs. However, improving the sensitivities of ISEs remains a challenge because of the limit of the Nernstian slope (59.2/n mV). Here, we present a universal ion detection method using an electronic integrated multi-electrode system (EIMES) that bypasses the Nernstian slope limit of 59.2/n mV, thereby enabling substantial enhancement of the sensitivity of ISEs. The results reveal that the response slope is greatly increased from 57.2 to 1711.3 mV, 57.3 to 564.7 mV and 57.7 to 576.2 mV by electronic integrated 30 Cl-electrodes, 10 F-electrodes and 10 glass pH electrodes, respectively. Thus, a tiny change in the ion concentration can be monitored, and correspondingly, the accuracy and precision are substantially improved. The EIMES is suited for all types of potentiometric sensors and may pave the way for monitoring of various ions with high accuracy and precision because of its high sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.|College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao