title: Biogenic silver nanoparticles based on trichoderma harzianum: synthesis, characterization, toxicity evaluation and biological activity.
abstract: White mold is an agricultural disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which affects important crops. There are different ways of controlling this organism, but none provides inhibition of its resistance structures (sclerotia). Nanotechnology offers promising applications in agricultural area. Here, silver nanoparticles were biogenically synthesized using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and characterized. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated, and the nanoparticles were initially tested against white mold sclerotia. Their effects on soybean were also investigated with no effects observed. The nanoparticles showed potential against S. sclerotiorum, inhibiting sclerotia germination and mycelial growth. Nanoparticle characterization data indicated spherical morphology, satisfactory polydispersity and size distribution. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays showed that the nanoparticles caused both the effects, although, the most toxic concentrations were above those applied for white mold control. Given the potential of the nanoparticles against S. sclerotiorum, we conclude that this study presents a first step for a new alternative in white mold control.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil.|Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guilger
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil.|Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasquoto-Stigliani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bilesky-Jose
authors.affiliation: Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment &Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Abhilash
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Fernandes
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fraceto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil.|Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata de
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008940:Mitotic Index; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D019697:Onions / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012834:Silver