title: Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Comparative Analysis Between Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Dental Pulp.
abstract: White adipose tissue is a source of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) that are actively studied for their possible therapeutic use in bone tissue repair/remodeling. To better appreciate the osteogenic potential of these cells, we compared some properties of MSCs from human subcutaneous adipose tissue [subcutaneous-adipose stromal cells (S-ASCs)] and dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) of third-impacted molars, the latter representing a well-established MSC source. Both undifferentiated cell types showed similar fibroblast-like morphology and mesenchymal marker expression. However, undifferentiated S-ASCs displayed a faster doubling time coupled to greater proliferation and colony-forming ability than DPSCs. Also, the osteogenic differentiation of S-ASCs was greater than that of DPSCs, as evaluated by the higher levels of expression of early osteogenic markers Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase at days 3-14 and of extracellular matrix mineralization at days 14-21. Moreover, S-ASCs showed a better colonization of the titanium scaffold. In addition, we investigated whether S-ASC osteogenic commitment was enhanced by adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) stimulation, as previously shown for DPSCs. Although A1R expression was constant during DPSC differentiation, it increased in S-ASC at day 21 from osteogenesis induction. Accordingly, A1R stimulation by the agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine, added to the cultures at each medium change, stimulated proliferation only in differentiating DPSC and enhanced the osteogenic differentiation earlier in DPSCs than in S-ASCs. These effects were counteracted by cell pretreatment with a selective A1R antagonist. Thus, our findings suggest that S-ASCs could be advantageously used in regenerative orthopedics/dentistry, and locally released or exogenously added purines may play a role in bone repair/remodeling, even though this aspect should be more thoroughly evaluated.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|3 Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|4 StemTeCh Group , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Iolanda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: D'Alimonte
authors.affiliation: 5 Unit of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita e Salute University , Milano, Italy .
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|3 Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|4 StemTeCh Group , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pierdomenico
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|3 Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|4 StemTeCh Group , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchisio
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|3 Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Mariachiara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuccarini
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Iorio
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila, Italy .
authors.forename: Raimondo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quaresima
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caciagli
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|3 Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy .|4 StemTeCh Group , Chieti, Italy .
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciccarelli
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000293:Adolescent; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010641:Phenotype; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; C058394:2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: characteristics of the osteogenic differentiation of S-ASCs; mesenchymal stromal cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (S-ASCs); regenerative medicine