title: Burden and spectrum of bacterial infections among sickle cell disease children living in Cameroon.
abstract: Although sickle cell disease (SCD) children are highly susceptible to bacterial infections (BIs), there is a dreadful lack of data related to the burden and spectrum of BIs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the highest affected region with SCD. This study aimed to determine the burden and spectrum of BIs among SCD children hospitalized in a pediatric reference hospital in Cameroon, a SSA country.
  
  
  
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of records of children hospitalized from November 2012 to August 2015 in the SCD unit of the Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Cameroon. We enrolled all known SCD children aged 15 years or less, hospitalized for a suspicion of BI and who presented a positive culture of a body specimen.
  
  
  
  A total of 987 SCD children were hospitalized during the study period. Cultures were positive for 96 patients (9.7%) among whom 60.4% males. Ages ranged from 6 to 192 months with a median of 53 (Interquartile range (IQR) 21-101) months. For children no more covered by the Expanded Programme on Immunization, only 13 (18.8%) had received the Pneumo 23® and Meningo A&C® antigens, and 12 (17.4%), the Typhim vi® and the Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens; 58 children (84.1%) had received no vaccine. The specimen yielding positive cultures were: blood (70.7%), urine (13.1%), pus (9.1%), synovial fluid (4.1%), cerebrospinal fluid (2.0%), and bone fragment (1.0%). The different types of infection included: urinary tract infections (13.5%), myositis (8.3%), arthritis (6.3%), osteomyelitis (4.2%), and meningitis (2.1%); the site of infection was unidentified in 65.6% of cases. The main bacteria included: Salmonella sp. (28.1%), Staphylococcus sp. (18.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.7%), Escherichia coli (10.4%), Enterobacter sp. (5.2%), Acinetobacter sp. (4.2%), Streptococcus sp. (4.2%) and Serratia sp. (4.2%).
  
  
  
  This retrospective analysis revealed 9.7% cases of BIs, mainly caused by Salmonella sp. (28.1%), Staphylococcus sp. (18.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.7%), and Escherichia coli (10.4%).
authors.affiliation: Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Anastasie Nicole
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Alima Yanda
authors.affiliation: Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon. jobertrichie_nansseu@yahoo.fr.|Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO, Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon. jobertrichie_nansseu@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Jobert Richie N
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nansseu
authors.affiliation: Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.|Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO, Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Hubert Désiré
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Mbassi Awa
authors.affiliation: Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.|Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO, Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tatah
authors.affiliation: Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seungue
authors.affiliation: Douala Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eposse
authors.affiliation: Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.|Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO, Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Paul Olivier N
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Koki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C414006:23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: Bacterial infection; Cameroon; Children; Sickle cell disease