title: Addressing Challenges to Enhance the Bioactives ofWithania somniferathrough Organ, Tissue, and Cell Culture Based Approaches.
abstract: Withania somniferais a highly valued medicinal plant in traditional home medicine and is known for a wide range of bioactivities. Its commercial cultivation is adversely affected by poor seed viability and germination. Infestation by various pests and pathogens, survival under unfavourable environmental conditions, narrow genetic base, and meager information regarding biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are some of the other existing challenges in the crop. Biotechnological interventions through organ, tissue, and cell culture provide promising options for addressing some of these issues.In vitropropagation facilitates conservation and sustainable utilization of the existing germplasms and broadening the genetic base. It would also provide means for efficient and rapid mass propagation of elite chemotypes and generating uniform plant material round the year for experimentation and industrial applications. The potential ofin vitrocell/organ cultures for the production of therapeutically valuable compounds and their large-scale production in bioreactors has received significant attention in recent years.In vitroculture system further provides distinct advantage for studying various cellular and molecular processes leading to secondary metabolite accumulation and their regulation. Engineering plants through genetic transformation and development of hairy root culture system are powerful strategies for modulation of secondary metabolites. The present review highlights the developments and sketches current scenario in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143 005, India.
authors.forename: Pritika
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143 005, India.
authors.forename: Rupam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guleri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143 005, India.
authors.forename: Amrita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angurala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143 005, India.
authors.forename: Kuldeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143 005, India.
authors.forename: Kulwinder
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunil C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143 005, India.
authors.forename: Pratap Kumar
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9017-7608
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pati
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018525:Germination; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D054358:Withanolides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D054358:Withanolides