title: Pulmonary edema in preeclampsia: an Indonesian case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze risk factors, obstetric outcome and the need for mechanical ventilation in preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study using medical record on preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema patients in East Java tertiary referral hospital over 2 years. A simple scoring system was developed to predict the need for mechanical ventilation, using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1106 cases of preeclampsia were admitted, with 62 cases (5.6%) had pulmonary edema. Postpartum (p < .001) and cesarean delivery (p = .001) proportions were higher in the preeclampsia with pulmonary edema group. Of the 62 cases with pulmonary edema, 81% required intensive care admission and 60% needed mechanical ventilation support. Mechanical ventilation used was associated with eclampsia (p = .04), hypertensive crisis (p = .02), lower serum albumin (p = .05) and higher creatinine (p = .01). A simple scoring model developed could predict a 46%-99% probability of need for mechanical ventilation (AUC (ROC): 0.856, 95%CI 0.763-0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary edema is a common complication of preeclampsia in Indonesian referral hospitals. This severe complication increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The developed scoring model in this study can be used as a triage tool to predict the probability of mechanical ventilation use due to this complication.
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Manggala Pasca
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wardhana
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Erry Gumilar
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Dachlan
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia.|b Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , University of Adelaide , Elizabeth Vale , SA , Australia.
authors.forename: Gustaaf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human / Q000032:analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: Preeclampsia; mechanical ventilation; pulmonary edema