title: EndophyticDiaporthesp. ED2 Produces a Novel Anti-Candidal Ketone Derivative.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the anti-candidal efficacy of a novel ketone derivative isolated fromDiaporthesp. ED2, an endophytic fungus residing in medicinal herbOrthosiphon stamieusBenth. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungal culture was separated by open column and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The eluent at retention time 5.64 min in the HPLC system was the only compound that exhibited anti-candidal activity on Kirby-Bauer assay. The structure of the compound was also elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy techniques. The purified anti-candidal compound was obtainedas a colorless solid and characterized as 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyhex-5-ene-2,4-dione. On broth microdilution assay, the compound also exhibited fungicidal activity on a clinical strain ofCandida albicansat a minimal inhibitory concentration of 3.1 μg/ml. The killing kinetic analysis also revealed that the compound was fungicidal againstC. albicansin a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The compound was heat-stable up to 70°C, but its anti-candidal activity was affected at pH 2.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia.|School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Woei Yenn
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chean Ring
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.|School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wen Nee
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Melati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairuddean
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Latiffah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Darah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006588:Hexanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C000625927:3-hydroxy-5-methoxyhex-5-ene-2,4-dione; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D006588:Hexanones; D007659:Ketones
keywords: Candida albicans; Diaporthe sp.; endophyte; ketone derivative