title: Interlocking horizontal mattress suture versus Kakiuchi technique in repair of Achilles tendon rupture: a biomechanical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, the type of surgical treatment for Achilles tendon rupture has been the subject of controversial debate. This biomechanical study evaluates for the first time in literature the ultimate failure load (UFL) of interlocking horizontal mattress (IHM) suture as compared with Kakiuchi suture in Achilles tendon rupture. The hypothesis is that IHM suture can be performed also for Achilles tendon rupture and ensures higher resistance compared with the traditional Kakiuchi suture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty fresh bovine Achilles tendons were obtained. Ten preparations were randomly assigned to each of two different groups: group A (10 specimens) sutured by IHM technique, and group B (10 specimens) sutured by Kakiuchi technique. Each construct was mounted and fixed on a tensile testing machine. Static preconditioning of 50 N was applied for 5 min as initial tensioning to stabilize the mechanical properties of the graft, then a load to failure test was performed at crosshead speed of 500 mm/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten specimens were tested for each group. The mean UFL was 228.6 ± 98.6 N in the IHM suture group and 96.57 ± 80.1 N in the Kakiuchi suture group. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) with better UFL in the IHM group. In both groups, the failure mode registered in each specimen was suture breakage (rupture of suture thread).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IHM suture achieved better UFL compared with Kakiuchi suture in an animal model of Achilles tendon repair. These results seem to support IHM as a valid option in Achilles tendon rupture.
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzzini
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lanzetti
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy. proiettilorenzo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Germano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferretti
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013537:Sutures; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Achilles tendon repair; Biomechanical study; Interlocking horizontal mattress; Kakiuchi