title: Cross-sectional study about impact of parental smoking on rhinitis symptoms in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the prevalence of rhinitis and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of children in our community and its relationship with symptoms of rhinitis METHODS (DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES): Cross-sectional study using questionnaire on rhinitis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). Categories: "rhinitis ever", "recent rhinitis", "recent rhinoconjunctivitis", "severe rhinoconjunctivitis". Parental smoking: (i) neither parent smokes; (ii) only the mother smokes; (iii) only the father smokes; and (iv) both parents smoke. Odds ratio of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10 690 children and 10 730 adolescents. The prevalence of "rhinitis ever" in children: 29.4%, "recent rhinitis" 24%, "recent rhinoconjunctivitis" 11.5% and "severe rhinoconjunctivitis" 0.1%. In adolescents: 46.2%, 34.5%, 16.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the home occurred in 51% of cases. Parental smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of forms of rhinitis in adolescents when only the mother was a smoker. In children when both parents were smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhinitis is highly prevalent in our community. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is still very common. The relationship between ETS and rhinitis symptoms in children of this community is not as robust as that found for asthma.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-5188
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faraldo-García
authors.affiliation: María Jose Jove Foundation, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Silvarrey
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital Complex, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pertega
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampedro
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Lastres
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: San-José Gónzalez
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bamonde
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics, Servicio Galego de Saúde, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garnelo
authors.affiliation: Grupo de investigación Cardiovascular (GRINCAR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pérez-Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valdés-Cuadrado
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Barcala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: adolescents; allergies; children; environmental tobacco smoke; rhinitis