title: Military Emergency Medical Service System Assessment: Application of the National Park Service Needs Assessment and Program Audit to Objectively Evaluate the Military EMS System of Okinawa, Japan.
abstract: As part of a Military Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system process improvement initiative, the authors sought to objectively evaluate the U.S. military EMS system for the island of Okinawa. They applied a program evaluation tool currently utilized by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS).
  
  
  
  A comprehensive needs assessment was conducted to evaluate the current Military EMS system in Okinawa, Japan. The NPS EMS Program Audit Worksheet was used to get an overall "score" of our assessment. After all the data had been collected, a joint committee of Military EMS physicians reviewed the findings and made formal recommendations.
  
  
  
  From 2011 to 2014, U.S. military EMS on Okinawa averaged 1,345 ± 137 patient transports annually. An advanced life support (ALS) provider would have been dispatched on 558 EMS runs (38%) based on chief complaint in 2014 had they been available. Over 36,000 man-hours were expended during this period to provide National Registry Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)-accredited instruction to certify 141 Navy Corpsman as EMT Basics. The NPS EMS Program Audit Worksheet was used and the program scored a total of 31, suggesting the program is well planned and operating within standards.
  
  
  
  This evaluation of the Military EMS system on Okinawa using the NPS program assessment and audit worksheet demonstrates the NPS evaluation instruments may offer a useful assessment tool for the evaluation of Military EMS systems.
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78234.
authors.forename: Elliot M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78234.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78234.
authors.forename: Cord
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78234.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Walrath
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA 92134.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DeMers
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Joint Base San Antonio, TX, 78234.
authors.forename: Chetan U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Kharod
mesh_terms: D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000592:standards; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards*; D006295:Health Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D058749:Military Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D000068316:Parks, Recreational / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011930:Reaction Time; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology; D016526:Workload / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data