title: Negative association between acrylamide exposure and body composition in adults: NHANES, 2003-2004.
abstract: Acrylamide is present in mainstream cigarette smoke and in some food prepared at high temperature. Animal studies have shown that acrylamide exposure reduces body weight. Prenatal exposure to acrylamide also has been linked to reduced birth weight in human. Whether acrylamide exposure is associated with altered body compositions in adults is not clear.
  
  
  
  We selected 3623 subjects (aged ⩾20 years) from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2004 to determine the relationship among hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA), hemoglobin adducts of glycidamide (HbGA) and body composition (body measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables.
  
  
  
  The geometric means and 95% CI concentrations of HbAA and HbGA were 60.48 (59.32-61.65) pmol/g Hb and 55.64 (54.40-56.92) pmol/g Hb, respectively. After weighting for sampling strategy, we identified that one-unit increase in natural log-HbAA, but not HbGA, was associated with reduction in body measures (body weight, body mass index (BMI), subscapular/triceps skinfold), parameters of BIA (fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat, total body water) and parameters of DXA (android fat mass, android percent fat, gynoid fat/lean mass, gynoid percent mass, android to gynoid ratio). Subgroup analysis showed that these associations were more evident in subjects at younger age, male gender, whites, lower education level, active smokers and those with lower BMI.
  
  
  
  Higher concentrations of HbAA are associated with a decrease in body composition in the US general population. Further studies are warranted to clarify this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P-L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: L-Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P-C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D020106:Acrylamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D020106:Acrylamide