title: Raised cerebrospinal fluid BAFF and APRIL levels in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: Correlation with clinical outcome.
abstract: In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of B cell activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and determine their correlation with clinical outcome. BAFF and APRIL concentrations in CSF and serum from 40 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 20 controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with controls, the levels of both BAFF and APRIL in CSF were significantly increased in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Patients with unfavorable outcome had higher levels of BAFF and APRIL in CSF than those who had favorable outcome (p<0.05 and p<0.05). BAFF and APRIL levels in CSF were elevated and associated with clinical outcome in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, indicating that they may be valuable biomarkers to this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ni
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China. Electronic address: xiangjchen@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiang-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; C505719:TNFSF13B protein, human; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13
keywords: A proliferation-inducing ligand; Autoantibody; B cell; B cell activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family; Cytokine; Encephalitis; N-methyl-d-aspartate