title: The Melaka Hospital cataract complications study analysis of 12,992 eyes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As in all surgeries, complications during cataract surgery are unavoidable and cause distress to the surgeon and the patient. This study was conducted to know the factors contributing to complications in our settings, to be able to counsel patients about complications and outcomes and to reduce litigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The secondary data analysis was conducted using the National Eye Database from 2007 to 2014. Demographic features, ocular comorbidities, technique of surgery, grade of surgeons, types of intraoperative complications, and reasons for not obtaining good visual acuity following intraoperative complications were studied. Statistics was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 12,992 eyes, 6.1% had intraoperative complications. The highest rate of complications was when more trainees (medical officers [MOs] and gazetting specialists) operated. Posterior capsule rupture (PCR) was the most common complication followed by vitreous loss and zonular dehiscence. Those aged below 40 years had more complications (P < 0.05), and females had more complications. Ethnicity did not affect complications. Pseudoexfoliation was the only comorbidity causing complications (P < 0.05). Phacolytic lenses had 8.118 times the odds of getting intraoperative complications. MOs and gazetting specialists got more complications. Good outcomes were obtained in cases without complications and those operated by specialists. High astigmatism was the main reason for poorer outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative complications were caused mostly by less experienced doctors and had poorer outcomes. Age below 40 years, females, the presence of pseudoexfoliation and phacolytic lenses had more complications. PCR was the most common complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Melaka; Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Melaka, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Thanigasalam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thevi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Melaka, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Maizura
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Adinegara Lutfi
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Abas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies