title: The enhanced stability and biodegradation of dispersed crude oil droplets by Xanthan Gum as an additive of chemical dispersant.
abstract: It is necessary for chemical dispersant to disperse oil effectively and maintain the stability of oil droplets. In this work, Xanthan Gum (XG) was used as an environmentally friendly additive in oil dispersant formulation to enhance the stability and biodegradation of dispersed crude oil droplets. When XG was used together with chemical dispersant 9500A, the dispersion effectiveness of crude oil in artificial sea water (ASW) and the oil droplet stability were both greatly enhanced. In the presence of XG, lower concentration of 9500A was needed to achieve the effective dispersion and stabilization. In addition to the enhancement of dispersion and stabilization, it was found that the biodegradation rate of crude oil by bacteria was dramatically enhanced when a mixture of 9500A and XG was used as a dispersant. Because of the low environmental impact of XG, this would be a potential way to formulate the dispersant with lower toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Aiqin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: liym@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mutai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C002563:xanthan gum
keywords: 9500A; Dispersants; Emulsification; Oil spill; Remediation; Xanthan Gum