title: Role of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 in the modulation of intestinal inflammation andCandida albicanselimination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the major pattern recognition receptors that mediate sensing of a wide range of microorganisms. TLR2 forms heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, broadening its ligand diversity against pathogens. TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 have been implicated in the recognition ofCandida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we explored whether the deficiency in TLR1, TLR2 or TLR6 impactsC. albicanscolonization and inflammation-associated colonic injury in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSS treatment andC. albicanschallenge induced greater weight loss, worse clinical signs of inflammation, higher histopathologic scores, and increased mortality rates in TLR1-/-and TLR2-/-mice when compared to TLR6-/-and wild-type mice. The number ofC. albicanscolonies in the stomach, colon and feces was decreased in TLR6-/-mice as compared to TLR2-/-, TLR1-/-and wild-type mice. Interestingly, the population ofE. coliin colonic luminal contents, intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran and cytokine expression were significantly increased in TLR1-/-and TLR2-/-mice, while they were decreased in TLR6-/-mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to TLR6, both TLR1 and TLR2 deficiencies increased intestinal inflammation, and the overgrowth ofC. albicansandE. colipopulations in the colitis model, suggesting the involvement of TLR1 and TLR2 in epithelial homeostasis, and a role of TLR6 in increasing intestinal inflammation in response to pathogen-sensing.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.|Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choteau
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.|Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vancraeyneste
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Roy
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubuquoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luiginia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jouault
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.|Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poulain
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.|Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Boualem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sendid
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calandra
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.affiliation: INSERM U995/2, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.|U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille2, 59000 Lille, France.|Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2759-975X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jawhara
keywords: Candida albicans; Colitis; E. coli; TLR1; TLR2; TLR6