title: Impact of predation by spiders on a territorial damselfly (Odonata: Calopterygidae).
abstract: Predation by orb-weaving spiders and crab spiders on the damselfly Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis was studied at a small stream in Southern France. One species of orb-weaving spider, Larinioides folium, caught 76% of the damselflies which fell prey to spiders. Displacement experiments on spiders on sections of bank and the positioning of webs in male territories show that the density and distribution of damselflies is not influenced by orbweb density or by the position of webs. Predation rates corresponded to orb-web density, but neither for sex nor for stage was there a relationship with damselfly density. Mean daily predation rates ranged between 0.9% for females and 4.1% for adult males. Predation risk to adult damselflies by orb-weaving spiders was male biased, whereas among tenerals there was no bias. Males were captured more frequently at territories near the water. Captures show a maximum at noon when territorial disputes of adult males were most frequent. After orbwebs were placed within territories predation rate of males was strongly increased. Predation risk to adult females in the direct vicinity of the stream was less than in the bank vegetation where they perch close to orbwebs. The risk of predation by crab spiders, which catch damselflies at their perching sites, was not sex-biased.
authors.affiliation: Zoologisches Institut der Technischen Universität, Pockelsstrasse 10a, W-3300, Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rehfeldt
keywords: Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis; Predation; Predator avoidance; Spiders; Territoriality