title: Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes for the removal of amoxicillin in aqueous solution.
abstract: Amoxicillin (AMX) is a widely used penicillin-type antibiotic whose presence in the environment has been investigated. In this work, the degradation of the AMX in aqueous solutions by ozonation, ozonation with UV radiation (O3/UV), homogeneous catalytic ozonation (O3/Fe2+) and homogeneous photocatalytic ozonation (O3/Fe2+/UV) was investigated. The performance results have been compared in terms of removal of amoxicillin and total organic carbon (mineralization efficiency). In all processes, complete amoxicillin degradation was obtained after 5 min. However, low mineralization was achieved. For the best available process, the potential toxicity of AMX intermediates formed after ozonation was examined using a Fish Embryo Toxicity test. Results reveal that O3in alkaline solution and O3/Fe2+/UV provide the highest mineralization rates. Ecotoxicity showed that no acute toxicity was observed during the exposure period of 96 h.
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Siqueira
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Vargas
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: b Ecology Centre , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Catiusa Kuchak
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rosin
authors.affiliation: b Ecology Centre , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hainzenreder
authors.affiliation: b Ecology Centre , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arenzon
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliana Amaral
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Féris
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010126:Ozone; D000658:Amoxicillin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Advanced oxidation; amoxicillin; mineralization; ozone; toxicity