title: Influence of induced water stress in ponderosa pine on pine sawflies.
abstract: Three levels of water stress were induced on pole-size ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) to determine the influence of plant moisture stress on oviposition, survival, and growth of two species of pine sawfly (Neodiprion fulviceps and N. autumnalis). It was found that water stress affected oviposition and subsequent egg survival but not larval development or survival. Stress had a negative effect on early season oviposition (N. fulviceps) and a positive effect on late season oviposition (N. autumnalis). Egg hatch was different between species and years and among treatment levels. Larval development, feeding, and survival were not affected by water stress. Overall, the effect of stress was not sufficient to explain population outbreaks of sawflies. Several hypotheses are presented as possible explanations for the observed experimental results.
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Frantz
keywords: Needle water potentital; Neodiprion autumnalis; Neodiprion fulviceps; Pinus ponderosa; Water stress