title: CXCL-16, IL-17, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) are associated with overweight and obesity conditions in middle-aged and elderly women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current concept of overweight/obesity is most likely related to a combination of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure. Widespread inflammation, associated with both conditions, appears to contribute to the development of some obesity-related comorbidities. Interventions that directly or indirectly target individuals at high risk of developing obesity have been largely proposed because of the increasing number of overweight/obese cases worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess CXCL16, IL-17, and BMP-2 plasma factors in middle-aged and elderly women and relate them to an overweight or obese status. In total, 117 women were selected and grouped as eutrophic, overweight, and obese, according to anthropometric parameters. Analyses of anthropometric and circulating biochemical parameters were followed by plasma immunoassays for CXCL-16, IL-17, and BMP-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma mediators increased in all overweight and obese individuals, with the exception of BMP-2 in the elderly group, whereas CXCL16 levels were shown to differentiate overweight and obese individuals. Overweight and/or obese middle-aged and elderly individuals presented with high LDL, triglycerides, and glycemia levels. Anthropometric parameters indicating increased-cardiovascular risk were positively correlated with CXCL-16, BMP-2, and IL-17 levels in overweight and obese middle-aged and elderly individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that CXCL-16, IL-17, and BMP-2 are potential plasma indicators of inflammatory status in middle-aged and elderly women; therefore, further investigation of obesity-related comorbidities is recommended. CXCL16, in particular, could be a potential marker for middle-aged and elderly individuals transitioning from eutrophic to overweight body types, which represents an asymptomatic and dangerous condition.
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Laboratory of the Immunobiology of Inflammation, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana Mara Turbino Luz
authors.initials: SMTL
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Laboratory of the Immunobiology of Inflammation, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís Roquete
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Laboratory of the Immunobiology of Inflammation, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme de
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paula Costa
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Laboratory of the Immunobiology of Inflammation, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian Paulino
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Laboratory of the Immunobiology of Inflammation, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Deena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Priscila
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analyses Laboratory of the Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Roney Luiz de Carvalho
authors.initials: RLC
authors.lastname: Nicolato
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Department of Statistics, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Luiz Pereira de
authors.initials: FLP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Assis Silva
authors.initials: JAS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Post-graduation Program in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Post-graduation Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Post-graduation in Ecology of Tropical Biomas, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.|Laboratory of the Immunobiology of Inflammation, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6685-6229
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talvani
keywords: BMP-2; CXCL-16; Elderly; IL-17; Inflammation; Obesity; Overweight