title: CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the genome for cancer modeling.
abstract: The CRISPR/Cas9 revolution has democratized access to genome editing in many biological fields, including cancer research. Cancer results from the multistep accumulation of mutations that confer to the transformed cells certain biological hallmarks typical of the malignant phenotype. One of the major goals in cancer research is to characterize such mutations and assess their implication in the oncogenic process. Through CRISPR/Cas9 technology, genetic aberrations identified in a patient's tumor can now be easily recreated in experimental models, which can then be used for basic research or for more translational applications. Here we review the different CRISPR/Cas9 strategies that have been implemented to recapitulate oncogenic mutations in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including novel strategies to model tumor evolution and genetic heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guernet
authors.affiliation: Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France. Electronic address: luca.grumolato@univ-rouen.fr.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grumolato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000076987:CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; D059766:DNA End-Joining Repair; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072669:Gene Editing / Q000379:methods*; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059767:Recombinational DNA Repair
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; D000076987:CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; C000606107:Cas9 endonuclease Streptococcus pyogenes; D004720:Endonucleases
keywords: CRISPR-barcoding; CRISPR/Cas9; Cancer model; Oncogene; Tumor heterogeneity; Tumor suppressor