title: Surveys in Areas of High Risk of Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Excess in China, 2012-2014: Current Status and Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Iodine Concentration and Goiter Prevalence in Children Aged 8-10 Years.
abstract: We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in areas at high risk of IDD; and to compare the prevalence of goiter and urine iodine (UI) concentrations between children living in the two areas.
  
  
  
  Based on surveillance from 2012-2014, we analyzed the concentration of UI and prevalence of goiter in 8-10-year-old children from 12 high-risk IDD provinces, and from 8 provinces and municipalities with excessive water iodine. We calculated goiter prevalence for each UI level according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards and constructed predictive prevalence curves.
  
  
  
  The goiter prevalence and median UI of children from areas with high water iodine were not optimal, being above the WHO standards (5% and 100-199 μg/L, respectively), whereas those in high-risk areas fell within the standard. UI and goiter prevalence exhibited a U-shaped relationship in high-risk endemic areas and a parabolic relationship in areas of iodine excess.
  
  
  
  Iodine surplus in high-iodine areas leads to high goiter prevalence and UI. However, in high-risk areas, UI was optimal and goiter prevalence met the national criteria for IDD elimination.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Si Lu
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Institute for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shou Jun
authors.initials: ShJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine
keywords: Endemic goiter; High iodine; Iodine deficiency