title: European radiographers' challenges from mammography education and clinical practice - an integrative review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to identify European radiographers' challenges in clinical performance in mammography and the main areas of mammography that require more and better training.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive search was performed to identify relevant studies focused on clinical practice, education and training in mammography published between January 2010 and December 2015 in the English language. The data were analysed by using deductive thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 full text articles were read, evaluating their quality. Sixteen articles out of 27 were finally selected for this integrative review. The main challenges of radiographers' mammography education/training can be divided into three groups: training needs, challenges related to radiographers, and challenges related to the organization of education. The most common challenges of clinical performance in mammography among European radiographers involved technical performance, the quality of practices, and patient-centeredness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of harmonized mammography guidelines across Europe may serve as an evidence-based tool to be implemented in practice and education. However, the variability in human and material resources as well as the different cultural contexts should be considered during this process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Radiographers' awareness of their professional identity and enhancing multiprofessional cooperation in mammography. • Radiographers' responsibilities regarding image quality (IQ) and optimal breast imaging performance. • Patient-centred mammography services focusing on the psychosocial needs of the patient. • Challenges: positioning, QC-testing, IQ-assessment, optimization of breast compression, communication, teamwork, and patient-centred care. • Introduction of evidence-based guidelines in Europe to harmonize mammography practice and education.
authors.affiliation: Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Mannerheimintie 172, PO BOX 4033, 00079, Metropolia, Finland. eija.metsala@metropolia.fi.
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metsälä
authors.affiliation: Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud, Av. de Beaumont 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Richli Meystre
authors.affiliation: Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud, Av. de Beaumont 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pires Jorge
authors.affiliation: Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Kiviharjuntie 8, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henner
authors.affiliation: Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kukkes
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal.|Department of Medical Radiation Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sá Dos Reis
keywords: Breast cancer; Clinical practice; Education; Europe; Mammography