title: Carotenoid Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Chromoplasts of Pink Guava (Psidium guajava L. Cv. 'Criolla') during Fruit Ripening.
abstract: Pigments of pericarp and pulp of pink guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. 'Criolla') were investigated to elucidate the profile and the accumulation of main carotenoids during four stages of fruit ripening by using HPLC-DAD and APCI-MS/MS analysis. Seventeen carotenoids were identified, and changes in their profile during fruit ripening were observed. The carotenoids all-trans-β-carotene, 15-cis-lycopene, and all-trans-lycopene were present in all ripening stages, but all-trans-lycopene was found to be predominant (from 63% to 92% of total carotenoids) and responsible for the high lipophilic antioxidant capacity determined by spectrophotometric assays. By using light and transmission electron microscopy, the development of chromoplasts in pericarp and pulp was demonstrated. The accumulation of all-trans-lycopene and all-trans-β-carotene coincided with the development of large crystals; the chromoplasts of pink guava belong, therefore, to the crystalline type.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.|National Center for Food Science and Technology (CITA), University of Costa Rica , 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rojas-Garbanzo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gleichenhagen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany (210), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Annerose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: School of Food Technology, University of Costa Rica , 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esquivel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-1810
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schulze-Kaysers
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schieber
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism*; D031647:Psidium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: APCI/MS; HPLC-DAD; Psidium guajava L.; carotenoids; chromoplasts; microscopy