title: Mapping the different methods adopted for diagnostic imaging instruction at medical schools in Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To map the different methods for diagnostic imaging instruction at medical schools in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was sent to each of the coordinators of 178 Brazilian medical schools. The following characteristics were assessed: teaching model; total course hours; infrastructure; numbers of students and professionals involved; themes addressed; diagnostic imaging modalities covered; and education policies related to diagnostic imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 178 questionnaires sent, 45 (25.3%) were completed and returned. Of those 45 responses, 17 (37.8%) were from public medical schools, whereas 28 (62.2%) were from private medical schools. Among the 45 medical schools evaluated, the method of diagnostic imaging instruction was modular at 21 (46.7%), classic (independent discipline) at 13 (28.9%), hybrid (classical and modular) at 9 (20.0%), and none of the preceding at 3 (6.7%). Diagnostic imaging is part of the formal curriculum at 36 (80.0%) of the schools, an elective course at 3 (6.7%), and included within another modality at 6 (13.3%). Professors involved in diagnostic imaging teaching are radiologists at 43 (95.5%) of the institutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey showed that medical courses in Brazil tend to offer diagnostic imaging instruction in courses that include other content and at different time points during the course. Radiologists are extensively involved in undergraduate medical education, regardless of the teaching methodology employed at the institution.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Member of the Committee for Instruction, Continuing Education, and Residency of the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (CBR), Professor at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chojniak
authors.affiliation: MD, Resident at Hospital Dante Pazzanese, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dominique Piacenti
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: MD, General Clinician, private practice, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Simonetto Peres
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Moterani
authors.affiliation: PhD, Professor at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivone da Silva
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: PhD, Professor in the Graduate Program in Health Sciences at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Almir Galvão Vieira
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bitencourt
authors.affiliation: Tenured Professor, Member of the Committee for Instruction, Continuing Education, and Residency of the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (CBR), Associate Professor at the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdair Francisco
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Muglia
authors.affiliation: PhD, Member of the Committee for Instruction, Continuing Education, and Residency of the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (CBR), Adjunct Professor in the Department of Diagnostic Imaging at the Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ippolito
keywords: Diagnostic imaging; Education, medical/standards; Program evaluation/methods; Schools, medical