title: Dietary blueberry improves cognition among older adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As populations shift to include a larger proportion of older adults, the necessity of research targeting older populations is becoming increasingly apparent. Dietary interventions with blueberry have been associated with positive outcomes in cell and rodent models of aging. We hypothesized that dietary blueberry would improve mobility and cognition among older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 13 men and 24 women, between the ages of 60 and 75 years, were recruited into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which they consumed either freeze-dried blueberry (24 g/day, equivalent to 1 cup of fresh blueberries) or a blueberry placebo for 90 days. Participants completed a battery of balance, gait, and cognitive tests at baseline and again at 45 and 90 days of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant supplement group by study visit interactions were observed on tests of executive function. Participants in the blueberry group showed significantly fewer repetition errors in the California Verbal Learning test (p = 0.031, ηp2= 0.126) and reduced switch cost on a task-switching test (p = 0.033, ηp2= 0.09) across study visits, relative to controls. However, no improvement in gait or balance was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that the addition of easily achievable quantities of blueberry to the diets of older adults can improve some aspects of cognition.
authors.affiliation: USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Marshall G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Derek A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shukitt-Hale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D029798:Blueberry Plants; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D058620:Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D057141:Food, Preserved; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005638:Fruit; D055951:Functional Food; D005684:Gait; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Aging; Blueberry; Cognition; Gait; Postural Sway