title: Preparation and characterization of Eudragit Retard nanosuspensions for the ocular delivery of cloricromene.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to improve the stability of cloricromene (AD6) in ophthalmic formulations and its drug availability at the ocular level. To this end, AD6-loaded polymeric nanoparticle suspensions were made using inert polymer resins (Eudragit RS100 and RL100). We modified the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique by varying some formulation parameters (the drug-to-polymer ratio, the total drug and polymer amount, and the stirring speed). The chemical stability of AD6 in the nanosuspensions was assessed by preparing some formulations using (unbuffered) isotonic saline or a pH 7 phosphate buffer solution as the dispersing medium. The formulations were stored at 4°C, and the rate of degradation of AD6 was followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained nanosuspensions showed mean sizes and a positive surface charge (ζ-potential) that make them suitable for an ophthalmic application; these properties were maintained upon storage at 4°C for several months. In vitro dissolution tests confirmed a modified release of the drug from the polymer matrixes. Nanosuspensions prepared with saline solution and no or lower amounts of surfactant (Tween 80) showed an enhanced stability of the ester drug for several months, with respect to an AD6 aqueous solution. Based on the tecnological results, AD6-loaded Eudragit Retard nanoparticle suspensions appear to, offer promise as a means to improving the shelf life and bioavailability of this drug after ophthalmic application.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Città Univesitaria, Viale A Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. r.pignatello@unict.it.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pignatello
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Città Univesitaria, Viale A Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ricupero
authors.affiliation: Bausch & Lomb, Corso Italia, 141, 95127, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucolo
authors.affiliation: Bausch & Lomb, Corso Italia, 141, 95127, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maugeri
authors.affiliation: Bausch & Lomb, Corso Italia, 141, 95127, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maltese
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Città Univesitaria, Viale A Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puglisi
keywords: AD6; Cloricromene; Eudragit Retard; nanoparticles; nanosuspensions; ophthalmic drug delivery; quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion; stability