title: TC Mps1 12, a novel Mps1 inhibitor, suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the accumulation of chromosomal instability.
abstract: Chromosomal instability is not only a hallmark of cancer but also an attractive therapeutic target. A diverse set of mitotic kinases maintains chromosomal stability. One of these is monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1, also known as TTK), which is essential for chromosome alignment and for the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Pharmacological inhibition of Mps1 has been suggested as a cancer therapeutic; however, despite the existence of a novel Mps1 inhibitor, TC Mps1 12, no such studies have been performed.
  
  
  
  The effects of TC Mps1 12 on cell viability, chromosome alignment, centrosome number, mitotic duration, apoptosis and SAC were determined in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In addition, the association of Mps1 expression with the overall survival of HCC patients was analysed.
  
  
  
  Treatment of human HCC cells with TC Mps1 12 led to chromosome misalignment and missegregation, and disorganization of centrosomes. Even in the presence of these errors, TC Mps1 12-treated cells overrode the SAC, resulting in a shortened mitotic duration and mitotic slippage. This mitotic catastrophe triggered apoptosis and, finally, inhibited the growth of HCC cells. In addition, the expression of the Mps1-encoding TTK gene was associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients.
  
  
  
  TC Mps1 12 results in the accumulation of chromosomal instabilities and mitotic catastrophe in HCC cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that the inhibition of Mps1 kinase using TC Mps1 12 is a promising therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehyuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ja-Eun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9132-1277
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C075840:TTK protein, human