title: Spatial aspects of cell interactions involved in the determination of dorsoventral polarity in equally cleaving gastropods and regulative abilities of their embryos, as studied by micromere deletions inLymnaea andPatella.
abstract: In equally cleaving gastropods, the interactions between micromeres and macromeres involved in the determination of the mesentoblast mother cell (3D) were studied by changing the spatial arrangement of the micromeres by deleting one first quartet micromere or its progeny. A fixed relation was found between the deletion site and the place of origin of 3D; therefore, a fixed relation also exists in the configuration of the three remaining first quartet micromeres and the 3D. These results argue against the possibility that the animal-vegetal interactions do not choose between macromeres, but only permit the expression of a choice already made in another way and at another moment. The results are consistent with a stochastic model in which accidental differences between the macromeres in the number or extent of contacts with first quartet micromeres play a discriminating role during micromere - macromere interactions, that lead to 3D determination.Embryos which lack a given first quartet micromere show a total absence of regulation in the larval head pattern; only the cephalic plates show regulative abilities while forming the adult head structures. Therefore, in later stages new activating and restraining factors seem to play a part in the head development.
authors.affiliation: Zoological Laboratory, State University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem J A
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Arnolds
authors.affiliation: Zoological Laboratory, State University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jo A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van den Biggelaar
authors.affiliation: Zoological Laboratory, State University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nico H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Verdonk
keywords: Dorsoventral polarity; Epigenetics; Gastropoda; Mesoderm induction; Mosaic/regulative development