title: Specific computed virtual chromoendoscopy for detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis: an animal study.
abstract: Detection of an incipient Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (PC) is still challenging, and there is a crucial need for technological improvements in order to diagnose and to treat early this condition. The aim of this study was to create a murine model of incipient PC and to explore the PC with Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy (FICE) in order to determine the wavelengths of the white light (WL) spectre that offer the highest contrast between PC nodules and surrounding peritoneum.
  
  
  
  Eighteen BALB/c mice had intraperitoneal injection of murine colonic cancer CT26 cells. Peritoneal exploration with FICE was performed at different times. For each PC nodule, 1 WL and 10 FICE images were recorded. Each image was then divided into its elementary red, green and blue band images. Depending on the FICE channel, each elementary image corresponds to a specific wavelength of the WL spectre. Through numerical analysis of these images, the value of the nodule and the background peritoneum were obtained, and the contrast value was calculated. Contrast values obtained with the different wavelengths were then compared.
  
  
  
  PC grew in all the mice. The number as well as the size of PC nodules was increasingly high depending on the day of exploration. Mean PCI was 1.6 ± 1.2 at day 5, 7.7 ± 2.6 at day 8 and 15.0 ± 7.3 at day 10. A total number of 1805 elementary images of PC nodules were analysed. The wavelength that offered the best contrast between PC nodules and background peritoneum was 460 nm with a mean contrast value of 0.240 ± 0.151 (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  
  This murine model of incipient PC is effective, reliable and reproducible. A monochromatic light with a wavelength at 460 nm offers the highest contrast between PC nodules and background peritoneum, allowing a better detection of PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic & Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hospital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France. haythem.najah@gmail.com.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, INSERM U965, 74575, Paris, France. haythem.najah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Haythem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najah
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic & Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hospital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, INSERM U965, 74575, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jouvin
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, INSERM U965, 74575, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Samaher
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Besbes
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, INSERM U965, 74575, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic & Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hospital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, INSERM U965, 74575, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Clarisse
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eveno
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic & Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hospital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, INSERM U965, 74575, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pocard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003116:Color; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Computed virtual chromoendoscopy; Experimental model; Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy; Peritoneal carcinomatosis; Peritoneoscopy; Wavelength