title: Genotype evaluation of cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata) using1H qNMR combined with exploratory tools and solid-state NMR.
abstract: The ultimate aim of this study was to apply a non-targeted chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis using the heat map approach) of NMR data to investigate the variability of organic compounds in nine genotype cowpea seeds, without any complex pre-treatment. In general, both exploratory tools show that Tvu 233, CE-584, and Setentão genotypes presented higher amount mainly of raffinose and Tvu 382 presented the highest content of choline and least content of raffinose. The evaluation of the aromatic region showed the Setentão genotype with highest content of niacin/vitamin B3 whereas Tvu 382 with lowest amount. To investigate rigid and mobile components in the seeds cotyledon,13C CP and SP/MAS solid-state NMR experiments were performed. The cotyledon of the cowpea comprised a rigid part consisting of starch as well as a soft portion made of starch, fatty acids, and protein. The variable contact time experiment suggests the presence of lipid-amylose complexes.
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; LABIOTEC, Dept. Food Technology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: elenilson.godoy@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Elenilson G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Alves Filho
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorena M A
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizita M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Teofilo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Flemming H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edy S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: de Brito
mesh_terms: D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010641:Phenotype; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D000070658:Vigna / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
keywords: CP-MAS; Chemometrics; Cowpea seeds genotype; NMR; Oligosaccharides; SP/MAS