title: Advances in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients with GBM have poor outcomes, even with the current gold-standard first-line treatment: maximal safe resection combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that advances in antigen-specific cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade in other advanced tumors may provide an appealing promise for immunotherapy in glioma. The future of therapy for GBM will likely incorporate a combinatorial, personalized approach, including current conventional treatments, active immunotherapeutics, plus agents targeting immunosuppressive checkpoints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Electric Hospital, State Grid, Beijing 100073, China.
authors.forename: Boyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1928-8772
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Bainxin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9150-5789
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Creed
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9876-6634
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stary
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxing
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6983-8547
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D019496:Cancer Vaccines