title: Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery.
abstract: The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic pressure through echocardiography, as well as to obtain measurements of the Aorta and PA diameter in mice. Mice older than 10 d of age can be analyzed using the present technique. The technique is composed of 3 main steps: set-up, image acquisition, and image analysis. The set-up step consists of getting the mouse anesthetized with 1% isoflurane, shaving it, and taping it in a supine position to a heated EKG board where the image acquisition will take place. The image acquisition step consists of learning to identify the cardiac structures and obtaining all the required images with its correspondent probe and axis in order to be able to calculate volumes and diameters. The image analysis step consists of measuring the previously acquired images with the aid of computer software. Advantages of the proposed technique include a fast (15 min) procedure that would allow the researcher to evaluate interventions in a non-invasive, non-terminal approach and therefore follow the same mouse over time; each mouse can be used as its own control. This fact plus having the same operator perform all the acquisition and analysis for the entire experiment minimizes the limitation of operator-dependency. The present methodology is useful for mouse researchers in cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine.
authors.affiliation: Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granillo
authors.affiliation: Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Celia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.affiliation: Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Thuy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
authors.forename: Lavannya M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine; gtaffet@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Taffet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*