title: The Efficacy of Platelets Rich Plasma Injection in the Superior Joint Space of the Tempromandibular Joint Guided by Ultra Sound in Patients with Non-reducing Disk Displacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine average improvement during the rest and active mouth opening after ultrasound guided platelets rich plasma injection in the tempromandibular superior joint space for the patients complaining from non-reducing disk displacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with non-reducing disk displacement underwent guided ultrasound injection of platelet rich plasma to the upper joint space. The extent of maximal mouth opening, chewing efficiency, sound intensity of the TMJ, and tenderness of the TMJ and the masticatory muscles at rest, motion and mastication were thoroughly assessed at the beginning of the study and scheduled for next follow-up at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection with platelets rich plasma was significantly more effective in improvements of the extent of maximal mouth opening, statistics result demonstrated a significant reduction in the VAS values of pain at rest, motion and mastication compared to the baseline VAS values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRP injection to the upper temporomandibular joint space provided improvement in signs and symptoms of patient with non-reducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq.|Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, AL-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.|Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ra'ed M Ayoub
authors.initials: RMA
authors.lastname: Al-Delayme
authors.affiliation: Alasraa university college, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Shefaa H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alnuamy
authors.affiliation: Ghazi Hariri Hospital for Specialized surgery, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Firas Taha
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: AL-Kaarh Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Tariq Jassim
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Azzamily
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, AL-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Salah AbdulMahdy
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ismaeel
authors.affiliation: Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sammir
authors.affiliation: Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadeel
authors.affiliation: Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Jafaar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nabeel
authors.affiliation: Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shwan
authors.affiliation: Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Shahad Jamal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Alfalahi
authors.affiliation: Periodontics Department University of Washington, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasin
keywords: Clinical outcome; Non-reducing disk displacement; Platelets rich plasma; Risk factor; Superior joint space; Temporomandibular joint