title: Arthroscopic release using F and C method versus conventional open release method in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture: a comparative study.
abstract: Gluteal muscle contracture (GMC), a debilitating disease, usually starts in early childhood after variable dose of injections around the buttock, if left untreated it worsens gradually and persists throughout the life. Because the disease mostly affects adolescents and adults, there is always an aesthetic concerns. Purposeof the study was to introduce the arthroscopic F and C method of GMC release, and to compare its clinical efficiency with conventional open surgery in terms of clinical outcome, rate of complications, patient's satisfactions, and recurrence.
  
  
  
  Between Jan 2013 and July 2015, 75 patients received an arthroscopic release with F and C release method and 71 patients received conventional open release of GMC. Primary surgeries in 16 years or older patients were included in the study. Two groups were compared clinically using Hip Outcome Scores - Activities of Daily Living Subscale (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Scores - Sports Subscale (HOS-Sports), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Ye et al. evaluation criteria.
  
  
  
  No statistically significant differences were observed in Hip Outcome Scores - Activities of Daily Living Subscale (HOS-ADL) (P = 0.078), Hip Outcome Scores - Sports Subscale (HOS-Sports) (P = 0.340), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (P = 0.524) between the two groups. 74 (98.7%) patients in the arthroscopic surgery group had good to excellent results, whereas 69 (97.1%) patients in the conventional open surgery group had good to excellent results (P = 0.727). No statistically significant difference was observed in recurrence rate (P = 0.612). Statistically significant differences were observed in incision length, use of post-operative analgesia, post-operative off-bed activity, and hospital stay. Complications were significantly higher in the conventional open surgery group (n = 21) than in the arthroscopic surgery group (n = 10) (P = 0.016). More importantly, cosmetic satisfaction was 100% in arthroscopic release group, whereas only 71% had cosmetic satisfaction in conventional open surgery group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  Both, arthroscopic surgery and conventional open surgery, are highly effective tools for the GMC release in adolescent and adult patients. Arthroscopic GMC release with F and C method allows precise and selective release of contracture bands with small surgical trauma resulting fewer complications, high cosmetic satisfaction and minimal recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Shengyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Chunqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Nabin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Nira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Xianzhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China. wanghwh@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002081:Buttocks / Q000601:surgery*; D003286:Contracture / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arthroscopic surgery; Conventional open surgery; F and C method; Gluteal muscle contracture; Intramuscular injections; Minimal invasive