title: Breast Cancer-Major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual.
abstract: Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The revision of the eighth edition of the primary tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of the American Joint Commission of Cancer (AJCC) for breast cancer was determined by a multidisciplinary team of breast cancer experts. The panel recognized the need to incorporate biologic factors, such as tumor grade, proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression prognostic panels into the staging system. AJCC levels of evidence and guidelines for all tumor types were followed as much as possible. The panel felt that, to maintain worldwide value, the tumor staging system should remain based on TNM anatomic factors. However, the recognition of the prognostic influence of grade, hormone receptor expression, and HER2 amplification mandated their inclusion into the staging system. The value of commercially available, gene-based assays was acknowledged and prognostic input added. Tumor biomarkers and low Oncotype DX recurrence scores can alter prognosis and stage. These updates are expected to provide additional precision and flexibility to the staging system and were based on the extent of published information and analysis of large, as yet unpublished databases. The eighth edition of the AJCC TNM staging system, thus, provides a flexible platform for prognostic classification based on traditional anatomic factors, which can be modified and enhanced using patient biomarkers and multifactorial prognostic panel data. The eighth edition remains the worldwide basis for breast cancer staging and will incorporate future online updates to remain timely and relevant. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:290-303. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Executive Vice Chair, Surgery; Associate Director, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Armando E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.affiliation: Vice President, Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mittendorf
authors.affiliation: Professor of Medicine; Director, Breast Oncology and Clinical Trials Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Hope S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Rugo
authors.affiliation: Chairman, Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Solin
authors.affiliation: Professor of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Associate Director, Kellogg Cancer Surgical Services, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Winchester
authors.affiliation: Professor; Co-Director, Breast Cancer Research Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Gabriel N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: biomarkers; distant metastases; ductal carcinoma in situ; estrogen receptor; human epidermal growth receptor 1 (HER2); infiltrating ductal carcinoma; infiltrating lobular carcinoma; lobular carcinoma in situ; lymph node metastases; neoadjuvant chemotherapy