title: Rapid Real-Time Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Electrical Sensing on Plastic Microchips with Printed Electrodes.
abstract: Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing is important for efficient and timely therapeutic decision making. Due to globally spread bacterial resistance, the efficacy of antibiotics is increasingly being impeded. Conventional antibiotic tests rely on bacterial culture, which is time-consuming and can lead to potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescription and up-front broad range of antibiotic use. There is an urgent need to develop point-of-care platform technologies to rapidly detect pathogens, identify the right antibiotics, and monitor mutations to help adjust therapy. Here, we report a biosensor for rapid (<90 min), real time, and label-free bacteria isolation from whole blood and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Target bacteria are captured on flexible plastic-based microchips with printed electrodes using antibodies (30 min), and its electrical response is monitored in the presence and absence of antibiotics over an hour of incubation time. We evaluated the microchip with Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as clinical models with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, daptomycin, gentamicin, and methicillin antibiotics. The results are compared with the current standard methods, i.e. bacteria viability and conventional antibiogram assays. The technology presented here has the potential to provide precise and rapid bacteria screening and guidance in clinical therapies by identifying the correct antibiotics for pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Mohammadali
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-1902
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safavieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Hardik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Maanasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Prudhvi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thirumalaraju
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kanakasabapathy
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Anupriya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Devbalaji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Manjyot Kaur
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chug
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.|Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-7648
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shafiee
keywords: antibiotic resistant pathogen; antibiotic susceptibility test; electrical sensing; flexible electronics; screen-printed electrodes