title: Acaricidal activities of the essential oil from Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. and its main compund, δ-cadinene against Psoroptes cuniculi.
abstract: In this paper, the acaricidal activities of Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. and its main compound, δ-cadinene were investigated, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed. The results showed that among aqueous, 70% ethanols, acetic ether, chloroform, petroleum ether and essential oil extracts from the shoots and leaves, the essential oil showed the best in vitro acaricidal activity against adult P. cuniculi, which occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The median lethal time (LT50) values of four concentrations (33.33-4.17mg/ml) of the essential oil ranged from 1.476 to 25.900h, respectively. After the treatment of P. cuniculi with the essential oil and ivermectin, infected rabbits were free of scabs or secretions in the ear canal by day 20. Then, the percent yield of essential oil from the leaves and shoots was 2.45% (w/w), which includes 50 compounds. The primary component identified was terpenes, and among of compounds identified from the essential oil of R. nivale the highest relative content was δ-cadinene, which also presented the marked acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. These findings provide evidence for the use of acaricides as a traditional medicine and indicate that the essential oil and δ-cadinene could be used to control mites in livestock.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xu Zheng
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China. Electronic address: gx_139417@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides; D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D040042:Psoroptidae; D011817:Rabbits; D029793:Rhododendron / Q000737:chemistry*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C000607799:delta-cadinene
keywords: Acaricidal activity; Essential oil; Psoroptes cuniculi; Rhododendron nivale; δ-Cadinene