title: [Identification of perforating vessels by augmented reality: Application for the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap].
abstract: The augmented reality on smart glasses allows the surgeon to visualize three-dimensional virtual objects during surgery, superimposed in real time to the anatomy of the patient. This makes it possible to preserve the vision of the surgical field and to dispose of added computerized information without the need to use a physical surgical guide or a deported screen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three-dimensional objects that we used and visualized in augmented reality came from the reconstructions made from the CT-scans of the patients. These objects have been transferred through a dedicated application on stereoscopic smart glasses. The positioning and the stabilization of the virtual layers on the anatomy of the patients were obtained thanks to the recognition, by the glasses, of a tracker placed on the skin. We used this technology, in addition to the usual locating methods for preoperative planning and the selection of perforating vessels for 12 patients operated on a breast reconstruction, by perforating flap of deep lower epigastric artery. The "hands-free" smart glasses with two stereoscopic screens make it possible to provide the reconstructive surgeon with binocular visualization in the operative field of the vessels identified with the CT-scan.
authors.affiliation: Service chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice, esthétique et maxillofaciale, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France; Centre Sein Henri-Mondor, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France. Electronic address: romainbosc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bosc
authors.affiliation: Département d'imagerie médicale, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fitoussi
authors.affiliation: Centre Sein Henri-Mondor, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France; Département d'imagerie médicale, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pigneur
authors.affiliation: Département d'imagerie médicale, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tacher
authors.affiliation: Service chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice, esthétique et maxillofaciale, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hersant
authors.affiliation: Service chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice, esthétique et maxillofaciale, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Meningaud
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000098:blood supply*; D000076142:Virtual Reality
keywords: Angioscanner; Augmented reality; Breast reconstruction; CT-scan; Lambeau perforant; Lunettes intelligentes; Perforator flap; Reconstruction du sein; Réalité augmentée; Smart glasses