title: Role of immune cells in obesity induced low grade inflammation and insulin resistance.
abstract: The frequency of obesity is enormously growing worldwide. Obesity results when energy intake exceeds, energy expenditure. Excess adiposity is a major risk factor in the progress of various metabolic disorders accounting insulin resistance, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian disease and several types of cancers. Obesity is characterized by pro-inflammatory condition in which hypertrophied adipose tissue along with immune cells contribute to increase the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immune cells are the key players in inducing low grade chronic inflammation in obesity and are main factor responsible for pathogenesis of insulin resistance resulting Type 2 diabetes. The current review is aimed to investigate the mechanism of pro-inflammatory responses and insulin resistance involving immune cells and their products in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. Electronic address: muhammadafaqaziz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ambreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. Electronic address: s_nadeem77@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Adipose tissues; Immune cells; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Obesity