title: Gene expression modulation of ABC transporter genes in response to permethrin in adults of the mosquito malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.
abstract: Living organisms have evolved an array of genes coding for detoxifying enzymes and efflux protein pumps, to cope with endogenous and xenobiotic toxic compounds. The study of the genes activated during toxic exposure is relevant to the area of arthropod vector control, since these genes are one of the targets upon which natural selection acts for the evolution of insecticide resistance. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate to insecticide detoxification acting as efflux pumps, that reduce the intracellular concentration of toxic compounds, or of their metabolic derivatives. Here we analyzed the modulation of the expression of six genes coding for ABC transporters, after the exposure of adult females and males of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, a major malaria vector in Asia, to permethrin. Male and female mosquitoes were exposed to insecticide for one hour, then the expression profiles of the ABC transporter genes AnstABCB2, AnstABCB3, AnstABCB4, AnstABCBmember6, AnstABCC11, and AnstABCG4 were analysed after one and 24h. Our results showed that three genes (AnstABCB2, AnstABCBmember6, AnstABCG4) were up-regulated in both sexes; two of these (AnstABCBmember6 and AnstABCG4) have previously been shown to be up-regulated also in larval stages of An. stephensi, supporting a role for these genes in permethrin defence in larvae as well as in adults. Finally, the same ABC transporter genes were activated both in females and males; however, the timing of gene induction was different, with a prompter induction in females than in males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mastrantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi, Ospedale "Luigi Sacco", Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: sara.epis@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scuccimarra
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Favia
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porretta
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urbanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi, Ospedale "Luigi Sacco", Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bandi
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026023:Permethrin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin
keywords: Detoxifying enzymes; Insecticides; Mosquitoes; Pyrethroids; Vector control