title: Nanoscale zero-valent iron/persulfate enhanced upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for dye removal: Insight into microbial metabolism and microbial community.
abstract: This study investigated the efficiency of nanoscale zero-valent iron combined with persulfate (NZVI/PS) for enhanced degradation of brilliant red X-3B in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and examined the effects of NZVI/PS on anaerobic microbial communities during the treatment process. The addition of NZVI (0.5 g/L) greatly enhanced the decolourization rate of X-3B from 63.8% to 98.4%. The Biolog EcoPlateTMtechnique was utilized to examine microbial metabolism in the reactor, and the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing revealed 22 phyla and 88 genera of the bacteria. The largest genera (Lactococcus) decreased from 33.03% to 7.94%, while the Akkermansia genera increased from 1.69% to 20.23% according to the abundance in the presence of 0.2 g/L NZVI during the biological treatment process. Meanwhile, three strains were isolated from the sludge in the UASB reactors and identified by 16 S rRNA analysis. The distribution of three strains was consistent with the results from the Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that Fe(0) was transformed into Fe(II)/Fe(III) during the treatment process, which are beneficial for the microorganism growth, and thus promoting their metabolic processes and microbial community.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, P.R. China.|Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430073, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xianze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Dongye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Haodong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D044822:Biodiversity; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012212:Rheology; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012722:Sewage; D013431:Sulfates; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron