title: Modulating risky decision-making in Parkinson's disease by transcranial direct current stimulation.
abstract: Performance on gambling tasks in Parkinson's disease (PD) is of particular interest, as pathological gambling is often associated with dopamine replacement therapy in these patients. We aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in modulating gambling behaviour in PD.
  
  
  
  We assessed the effects of cathodal tDCS over the right DLPFC during the Iowa Gambling Task in 20 patients with PD, compared with sham stimulation. We then conducted a second experimental design, assessing the effects of anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC.
  
  
  
  We observed that cathodal tDCS over the right DLPFC increased Iowa Gambling Task scores compared with sham stimulation. In the second experimental design, we did not find significant differences between anodal and sham tDCS.
  
  
  
  Cathodal tDCS over the right DLPFC possibly reduces the pathological overdrive in frontostriatal networks in patients with PD on dopaminergic medication, thus modulating impulsive and risky decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8703-6940
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benussi
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberici
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.|Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cantoni
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manenti
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dell'Era
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gazzina
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manes
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cristillo
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cotelli
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borroni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Parkinson's disease; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; pathological gambling; transcranial direct current stimulation