title: Socio-economic factors associated with a healthy diet: results from the E3N study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify individual and contextual socio-economic factors associated with a healthy diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary data from a large cohort study were used to derive two mutually exclusive dietary patterns through a latent class analysis. Associations between dietary patterns and socio-economic factors were studied with logistic regression.
  
  
  METHODS
  E3N, a French prospective cohort study composed of women recruited from a national health insurance plan covering people working in the national education system.
  
  
  METHODS
  E3N participants (n 73 031) with dietary and socio-economic data available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 'Healthy' pattern was characterized by a large consumption of fruits and vegetables and the 'Less Healthy' pattern by a large consumption of pizza and processed meat. When all socio-economic factors were analysed together, all of the individual factors considered were associated with a healthy diet (e.g. women with three or more children were less likely to follow a healthy diet v. women with no children, OR (95 % CI): 0·70 (0·66, 0·75)) while the contextual factors associated with a healthy diet included the size of the agglomeration of residence and the area of birth and residence (e.g. women living in the West of France were less likely to follow a healthy diet v. those living in the South of France: 0·78 (0·72, 0·83)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that individual and contextual factors are both associated with diet. Rather than focusing only on individual factors, we recommend future studies or public health and nutritional strategies on diet to consider both types of factors.
authors.affiliation: 1Inserm U1018,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),Team 9,Nutrition,Hormones and Women's Health,Gustave Roussy Institute,114 rue Edouard Vaillant,94805 Villejuif Cedex,France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Affret
authors.affiliation: 1Inserm U1018,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),Team 9,Nutrition,Hormones and Women's Health,Gustave Roussy Institute,114 rue Edouard Vaillant,94805 Villejuif Cedex,France.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.affiliation: 1Inserm U1018,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),Team 9,Nutrition,Hormones and Women's Health,Gustave Roussy Institute,114 rue Edouard Vaillant,94805 Villejuif Cedex,France.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.affiliation: 5Inserm,CépiDc,Le Kremlin-Bicêtre,France.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: 6Inserm U1027, Faculty of Medicine,Toulouse,France.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delpierre
authors.affiliation: 1Inserm U1018,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),Team 9,Nutrition,Hormones and Women's Health,Gustave Roussy Institute,114 rue Edouard Vaillant,94805 Villejuif Cedex,France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.affiliation: 1Inserm U1018,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),Team 9,Nutrition,Hormones and Women's Health,Gustave Roussy Institute,114 rue Edouard Vaillant,94805 Villejuif Cedex,France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.affiliation: 1Inserm U1018,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP),Team 9,Nutrition,Hormones and Women's Health,Gustave Roussy Institute,114 rue Edouard Vaillant,94805 Villejuif Cedex,France.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fagherazzi
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D015444:Exercise; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: A posteriori patterns; Diet; E3N cohort; Epidemiology; Latent class analysis; Methodology; Socio-economic environment