title: The effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human jaw periosteum-derived stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to investigate the effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human periosteal-derived stem cell using the newly developed bioreactor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human periosteal-derived stem cells were harvested from the mandible during the extraction of an impacted third molar. Using the new bioreactor, 4% cyclic equibiaxial tension force (0.5 Hz) was applied for 2 and 8 h on the stem cells and cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days on the osteogenic medium. Biochemical changes of the osteoblasts after the biomechanical stimulation were investigated. No treatment group was referred to as control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level were higher in the strain group than those in the control group. The osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were higher in the strain group compared to those in the control group on days 7 and 14. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression was higher in the strain group in comparison to that in the control group. Concentration of alizarin red S corresponding to calcium content was higher in the strain group than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that cyclic tension force could influence the osteoblast differentiation of periosteal-derived stem cells under optimal stimulation condition and the force could be applicable for tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: JUM Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Gu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.
authors.forename: June-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gyoo-Cheon
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National Univeristy, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byul-Bora
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National Univeristy, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Geun-Chul
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Uk-Kyu
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Biomechanical stimulation; Cyclic tension force; Human jaw periosteum-derived stem cells; Human mesenchymal stem cells; New bioreactor; Osteoblast differentiation