title: Accuracy of Capillary Hemoglobin Measurements for the Detection of Anemia among U.S. Low-Income Toddlers and Pregnant Women.
abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of capillary hemoglobin (Hb) measurements in detecting anemia among low-income toddlers (aged 12-35 months) and pregnant women. In analyses of data among toddlers from Kansas City (n= 402) and St. Louis, Missouri (n= 236), and pregnant women at <20 weeks gestation from Cleveland, Ohio (n= 397), we compared subjects' anemia status based on capillary Hb concentrations in finger puncture samples as measured by the HemoCue system with their anemia status based on venous Hb concentrations as measured by the HemoCue and Coulter Counter. The sensitivity of capillary blood analyses in identifying cases of anemia was 32.8% (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 21.0%-46.3%), among Kansas City toddlers, 59.7% (95% CI: 45.8%-72.4%) among St. Louis toddlers, and 66.7% (95% CI: 46.0%-83.5%) among pregnant women in Cleveland; the corresponding specificities were 97.7%, 86.6%, and 96.7%, respectively. The correlation between HemoCue and Coulter Counter measurements of venous Hb (0.9) was higher than that between HemoCue measurements of capillary and venous blood (0.8). The results show that Hb measurements of capillary blood with HemoCue were not optimal for determining the anemia status of toddlers and pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. safia.b@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Safia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boghani
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. zam0@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Zuguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. gperry3943@bellsouth.net.
authors.forename: Geraldine S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. gmb31@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Brittenham
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mec0@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cogswell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002196:Capillaries; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: anemia; children; hemoglobin; iron deficiency; pregnant women