title: Identifying neurocognitive markers for outcome prediction of global functioning in individuals with first-episode and ultra-high-risk for psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an increasing need for identifying neurocognitive predictors of global functional outcome in early psychosis toward optimizing an early intervention strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a longitudinal observational study to investigate an association between neurocognitive assessments at baseline and global functional outcome at an average of 1-year follow up. Participants included ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals who had not converted to psychosis during the follow-up period (UHR-NP) and those with first-episode psychosis (FEP). We evaluated neurocognition at baseline using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Japanese version, including Verbal Memory, Working Memory, Motor Speed, Verbal Fluency, Attention/Processing Speed, and Executive Function. We also assessed global functional outcome using the modified Global Assessment of Functioning (mGAF) scale both at baseline and after the follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four UHR-NP individuals (34/47, 72%) and 29 FEP individuals (29/36, 81%) completed assessment of neurocognitive function at baseline and functional outcome at follow up. In the UHR-NP group, Attention/Processing Speed was significantly associated with the mGAF score at follow up. In the FEP group, Executive Function was significantly associated with the average mGAF score during follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attention/Processing Speed and Executive Function at baseline may predict global functional outcome of early psychosis. These neurocognitive tests are easy to incorporate in clinical settings and, if replicated in independent samples, may be included in routine clinical assessments for prediction of functional outcome in early psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kingo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motomu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan.|Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-4535
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: first-episode psychosis; functional outcome; neurocognitive; predictive biomarker; ultra-high-risk for psychosis