title: Maternal Consumption of Hesperidin and Naringin  Flavanones Exerts Transient Effects to Tibia Bone  Structure in Female CD-1 Offspring.
abstract: Hesperidin (HSP) and naringin (NAR), flavanones rich in citrus fruits, support skeletal integrity in adult and aging rodent models. This study determined whether maternal consumption of HSP and NAR favorably programs bone development, resulting in higher bone mineral density (BMD) and greater structure and biomechanical strength (i.e., peak load) in female offspring. Female CD-1 mice were fed a control diet or a HSP + NAR diet five weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, female offspring were fed a control diet until six months of age. The structure and BMD of the proximal tibia were measured longitudinally using in vivo microcomputed tomography at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The trabecular bone structure at two and four months and the trabecular BMD at four months were compromised at the proximal tibia in mice exposed to HSP and NAR compared to the control diet (p < 0.001). At six months of age, these differences in trabecular structure and BMD at the proximal tibia had disappeared. At 6 months of age, the tibia midpoint peak load, BMD, structure, and the peak load of lumbar vertebrae and femurs were similar (p > 0.05) between the HSP + NAR and control groups. In conclusion, maternal consumption of HSP and NAR does not enhance bone development in female CD-1 offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. ssacco@brocku.ca.|Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. ssacco@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. caitlinsaint@trentu.ca.|Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. caitlinsaint@trentu.ca.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. pleblanc@brocku.ca.|Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. pleblanc@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. wward@brocku.ca.|Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. wward@brocku.ca.|Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. wward@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006569:Hesperidin; C005274:naringin
keywords: bone development;  flavanones;  hesperidin;  mice;  naringin;  structure