title: Cobalt chloride exposure dose-dependently induced hepatotoxicity through enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/B-cell associated protein X (BAX) signaling and genotoxicity in Wistar rats.
abstract: Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is one of the many environmental contaminants, used in numerous industrial sectors. It is a pollutant with deadly toxicological consequences both in developing and developed countries. We investigated toxicological impact of CoCl2on hepatic antioxidant status, apoptosis, and genotoxicity. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups, 10 rats per group: Group 1 served as control and received clean tap water orally; Group 2 received CoCl2solution (150 mg/L); Group 3 received CoCl2solution (300 mg/L); and Group 4 received CoCl2(600 mg/L) in drinking water for 7 days, respectively. Exposure of rats to CoCl2led to a significant decline in hepatic antioxidant enzymes together with significant increase in markers of oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry revealed dose-dependent increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and BAX expressions together with increased frequency of Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes. Combining all, CoCl2administration led to hepatic damage through induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Omolola Victoria
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Awoyemi
authors.affiliation: Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ufuoma Jowafe
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Okotie
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ademola Adetokunbo
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oyagbemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Temidayo Olutayo
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Omobowale
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ebunoluwa Racheal
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Asenuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olufunke Eunice
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Ola-Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Blessing Seun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ogunpolu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000633:toxicity*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004900:Erythroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D003035:Cobalt; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C018021:cobaltous chloride
keywords: Wistar rats; apoptosis; cobalt chloride; genotoxicity; micronucleus test; risk assessment