title: Reduced adult survival and increased reproduction in Swedish kestrels.
abstract: The decline of the Swedish kestrel population during the 1950s and 1960s is probably caused by a decrease in yearly adult survival rate, from 0.66±0.03 S.E. to 0.48±0.03 S.E.Contrary to what would be expected from generally harmful effects of pesticides on reproduction, brood size increased from 3.4±0.4 S.E. to 4.2±0.2 S.E. during the same period.We found no relationship between brood size and breeding density. The increased reproduction therefore does not seem to be a density-dependent effect of reduced population size. The increase in brood size may rather be an evolved adaptation, selected for by increased optimal reproduction as a consequence of higher adult mortality.
authors.affiliation: Zoologiska institutionen, Box 250 59, S-400 31, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Lilla Risåsgatan 26, S-413 04, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Bautastensgatan 12 C, S-417 11, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Nordenskiöldsgatan 30 D, S-413 09, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Stilla gatan 14 A, S-414 73, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.affiliation: Zoologiska institutionen, Box 250 59, S-400 31, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Lilla Risåsgatan 26, S-413 04, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Bautastensgatan 12 C, S-417 11, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Nordenskiöldsgatan 30 D, S-413 09, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Stilla gatan 14 A, S-414 73, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Järås
authors.affiliation: Zoologiska institutionen, Box 250 59, S-400 31, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Lilla Risåsgatan 26, S-413 04, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Bautastensgatan 12 C, S-417 11, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Nordenskiöldsgatan 30 D, S-413 09, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Stilla gatan 14 A, S-414 73, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Zoologiska institutionen, Box 250 59, S-400 31, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Lilla Risåsgatan 26, S-413 04, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Bautastensgatan 12 C, S-417 11, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Nordenskiöldsgatan 30 D, S-413 09, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Stilla gatan 14 A, S-414 73, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strandvik
authors.affiliation: Zoologiska institutionen, Box 250 59, S-400 31, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Lilla Risåsgatan 26, S-413 04, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Bautastensgatan 12 C, S-417 11, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Nordenskiöldsgatan 30 D, S-413 09, Göteborg, Sweden.|, Stilla gatan 14 A, S-414 73, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallin