title: Briquettes production for use as power source for combustion using charcoal thin waste and sanitary sewage sludge.
abstract: This study evaluated the feasibility of production of briquettes using fine charcoal, sewage sludge, and mixtures thereof for use in energy production. The briquettes of 7-8 cm diameter and 20 cm length were produced in the conical press extruder type, mixing sewage sludge to charcoal fines in different ratios: 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, with the addition of a binder (glue flour) in a ratio of 8 mass% prepared for briquetting. After air drying (temperatures between 24 and 30°C) for 48 h, the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characterizations were performed. The morphological properties of the briquettes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The briquettes produced had mechanical strength, with values between 210 and 420 kgf, and densities between 0.75 and 0.91 g cm-3. The calorific value of briquettes was in the range from 13.21 to 23.10 MJ kg-1, in which there was an increase with the increase of concentration of charcoal fines in the mixture. Thermogravimetric analysis showed mass losses that occurred in the temperature range between 150 and 740 °C. The results of the mechanical and thermal properties showed the feasibility of using fine charcoal briquettes from sewage sludge as well as mixtures thereof, for the production of energy. The fine charcoal briquette was the one with the highest calorific value, but not showed the highest resistance to mechanical shock.
authors.affiliation: State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Toledo, Paraná, Brazil. ricardo_quimica@yahoo.com.br.|Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil. ricardo_quimica@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo Sonsim
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Toledo, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraya Moreno
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palácio
authors.affiliation: State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Toledo, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: State University of West Paraná Center (Unicentro), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe Quadros
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Toledo, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Olinek
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Reinehr
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biomass; Briquettes; Charcoal; Environmental control; Renewable energy; Sewage sludge