title: Subclinical enthesopathy in patients with psoriasis and its association with other disease parameters: a power Doppler ultrasonographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical enthesopathy in patients with psoriasis using power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) and its association with other disease parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients with psoriasis (31 females) aged 19-70 years underwent a thorough clinical examination that included assessment of body mass index (BMI) and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Measurements of inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum uric acid, and plain radiography of the heels, knees, and sacroiliac joints were performed for all patients. Patients without clinical evidence of arthritis or enthesitis underwent an ultrasonographic (US) examination. According to the US examination, patients were classified into group I (patients with enthesitis) and group II (patients without enthesitis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I, Achilles enthesis was the most common site of US enthesitis (33.3%), followed by distal patellar enthesis (22.2%), proximal patellar enthesis (16.7%), quadriceps enthesis (16.7%), and plantar aponeurosis enthesis (11.1%). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the occurrence of enthesitis and the patient's age, disease duration, PASI score, BMI, and hyperuricemia (p<0.05 for each). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between enthesitis and sex or radiographic sacroiliitis (p>0.05 for each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the importance of PDUS as a complimentary tool for examining enthesis in patients with psoriasis, the presence of high PASI score, increased BMI and hyperuricemia, and a long disease duration can be considered as predictive parameters for the presence of psoriatic enthesitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Al-Azhar University School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdelhafeez
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshrif
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Al-Azhar University School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosallam
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Andrology, Al-Azhar University School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Essam Elden M
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Al-Azhar University School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wesam
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gouda
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Al-Azhar University School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doma
keywords: Psoriasis; enthesopathy; power Doppler ultrasonography