title: Dissecting the stem cell niche with organoid models: an engineering-based approach.
abstract: For many tissues, single resident stem cells grownin vitrounder appropriate three-dimensional conditions can produce outgrowths known as organoids. These tissues recapitulate much of the cell composition and architecture of thein vivoorgan from which they derive, including the formation of a stem cell niche. This has facilitated the systematic experimental manipulation and single-cell, high-throughput imaging of stem cells within their respective niches. Furthermore, emerging technologies now make it possible to engineer organoids from purified cellular and extracellular components to directly model and test stem cell-niche interactions. In this Review, we discuss how organoids have been used to identify and characterize stem cell-niche interactions and uncover new niche components, focusing on three adult-derived organoid systems. We also describe new approaches to reconstitute organoids from purified cellular components, and discuss how this technology can help to address fundamental questions about the adult stem cell niche.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Lyndsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Murrow
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA zev.gartner@ucsf.edu.|Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Zev J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7803-1219
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Gartner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D044085:Microfluidics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055153:Stem Cell Niche; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cell culture; Engineer; Model; Niche; Organoid; Stem