title: Regulation of mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress by nitric oxide in pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are global processes that are interrelated and regulated by several stress factors. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional biomolecule with many varieties of physiological and pathological functions, such as the regulation of cytochrome c inhibition and activation of the immune response, ERS and DNA damage; these actions are dose-dependent. It has been reported that in embryonic stem cells, NO has a dual role, controlling differentiation, survival and pluripotency, but the molecular mechanisms by which it modulates these functions are not yet known. Low levels of NO maintain pluripotency and induce mitochondrial biogenesis. It is well established that NO disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain and causes changes in mitochondrial Ca2+flux that induce ERS. Thus, at high concentrations, NO becomes a potential differentiation agent due to the relationship between ERS and the unfolded protein response in many differentiated cell lines. Nevertheless, many studies have demonstrated the need for physiological levels of NO for a proper ERS response. In this review, we stress the importance of the relationships between NO levels, ERS and mitochondrial dysfunction that control stem cell fate as a new approach to possible cell therapy strategies.
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Estefania
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caballano-Infantes
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Terron-Bautista
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Povea
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Gladys M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cahuana
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Bernat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Hajji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nabil
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bedoya
authors.affiliation: Estefania Caballano-Infantes, José Terron-Bautista, Amparo Beltrán-Povea, Gladys M Cahuana, Francisco J Bedoya, Juan R Tejedo, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-University Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tejedo
keywords: Cell differentiation; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Mitochondrial biogenesis; Mitochondrial function; Nitric oxide; Pluripotency