title: Genome-wide analysis of complex wheat gliadins, the dominant carriers of celiac disease epitopes.
abstract: Gliadins, specified by six compound chromosomal loci (Gli-A1/B1/D1 and Gli-A2/B2/D2) in hexaploid bread wheat, are the dominant carriers of celiac disease (CD) epitopes. Because of their complexity, genome-wide characterization of gliadins is a strong challenge. Here, we approached this challenge by combining transcriptomic, proteomic and bioinformatic investigations. Through third-generation RNA sequencing, full-length transcripts were identified for 52 gliadin genes in the bread wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 81. Of them, 42 were active and predicted to encode 25 α-, 11 γ-, one δ- and five ω-gliadins. Comparative proteomic analysis between Xiaoyan 81 and six newly-developed mutants each lacking one Gli locus indicated the accumulation of 38 gliadins in the mature grains. A novel group of α-gliadins (the CSTT group) was recognized to contain very few or no CD epitopes. The δ-gliadins identified here or previously did not carry CD epitopes. Finally, the mutant lacking Gli-D2 showed significant reductions in the most celiac-toxic α-gliadins and derivative CD epitopes. The insights and resources generated here should aid further studies on gliadin functions in CD and the breeding of healthier wheat.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhaojun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guidong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huanju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kunpu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Daowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005903:Gliadin / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005903:Gliadin