title: The Mechanistic Role of the Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel ANO1 in Tumor Growth and Signaling.
abstract: Multiple studies have described the high expression and amplification of Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) in various cancers, including, but not limited to breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and glioblastoma. ANO1 has been demonstrated to be critical for tumor growth in breast and head and neck cancers through its regulation of EGFR signaling and pathway modulators like MAPK and protein kinase B. However, the discovery of ANO1 as a calcium activated chloride channel came as a surprise to the field and has given rise to many questions. How does a chloride channel promote oncogenesis? Is the chloride channel function of ANO1 important for its role in cancer? Does ANO1 exhibits chloride-independent functions in cancer cells? This review summarizes the current understanding of ANO1's function in cancer, provides a synopsis of the findings addressing the open questions in the field and gives an outlook on the promising future of ANO1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various cancers.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.affiliation: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. alex.gaither@novartis.com.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alex Gaither
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000075369:Anoctamin-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C476213:ANO1 protein, human; D000075369:Anoctamin-1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Anoctamin 1; Cancer; Chloride Channel; High-Throughput Mutagenesis; Variomics