title: Influence of lyophilization factors and gelatin concentration on pore structures of atelocollagen/gelatin sponge biomaterial.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate influences of lyophilization factors and gelatin concentration on pore structures of ACG sponge. ACG sponges of different freezing temperatures (-30, -80 and -196oC), freezing times (1, 2 and 24 h), gelatin concentrations (0.6%AC+0.15%G, 0.6%AC+0.6%G and 0.6%AC+2.4%G), and with 500 μM fluvastatin were fabricated. Pore structures including porosity and pore size were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and ImageJ. The cytotoxic effects of ACG sponges were evaluated in vitro. Freezing temperature did not affect porosity while high freezing temperature (-30oC) increased pore size. The high gelatin concentration group (0.6%AC+2.4%G) had decreased porosity and pore size. Freezing time and 500 μM fluvastatin did not affect pore structures. The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays revealed that ACG sponges had no cytotoxic effects on human mesenchymal stromal cell growth and proliferation. These results indicate that ACG sponge may be a good biomaterial scaffold for bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College.|Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Longqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.|Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.|Department of Dental Materials Science, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Seikou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasahara
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001842:Bone and Bones; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: Atelocollagen; Gelatin; Lyophilization; Pore size; Porosity