title: Variation in emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in ventilated patients in the UK: Insights from a national database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pre-procedural ventilation is a marker of high risk in PCI patients. Causes include out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and cardiogenic shock. OHCA occurs in approximately 60,000 patients in the UK per annum. No consensus exists regarding the need/timing of coronary angiography ± revascularization without ST elevation. The aim was to describe the national variation in the rate of emergency PCI in ventilated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the UK national database for PCI in 2013, we identified all procedures performed as 'emergency' or 'salvage' for whom ventilation had been initiated before the PCI. Of the 92,589 patients who underwent PCI, 1342 (5.5%) fulfilled those criteria. There was wide variation in practice. There was no demonstrable relationship between the number of emergency PCI patients with pre-procedure ventilation per annum and (i) total number of PPCIs in a unit (r=-0.186), and (ii) availability of 24h PCI, (iii) on-site surgical cover.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated a wide variation in practice across the UK in rates of pre-procedural ventilation in emergency PCI. The majority of individuals will have suffered an OHCA. In the absence of a plausible explanation for this discrepant practice, it is possible that (a) some patients presenting with OHCA that may benefit from revascularization are being denied treatment and (b) procedures may be being undertaken that are futile. Further prospective data are needed to aid in production of guidelines aiming at standardized care in OHCA.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rawlins
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ludman
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Darragh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.affiliation: Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Keele, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
authors.forename: Mamas A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mamas
authors.affiliation: The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Belder
authors.affiliation: Guys & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redwood
authors.affiliation: John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banning
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Electronic address: nick.curzen@uhs.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Curzen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Cardiac arrest; Coronary intervention; Primary PCI; Ventilated