title: Localized activity of Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and transcellular ionic currents during mesoderm induction in embryos ofLymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca).
abstract: InLymnaea stagnalis, mesoderm induction occurs at the 24-cell stage, when the apical tip of the macromere 3D establishes a close contact with a number of micromeres. Via its tip, the macromere 3D is supposed to receive an inductive signal from the micromeres, resulting in the determination of the mesodermal stem cell 4d at the next division. In view of the possibility that transcellular ionic currents might somehow be involved, either in the processes that bring about this particular configuration of blastomeres or in the induction process itself, we mapped the electric field around the embryo during the 24-cell stage, using a vibrating probe. We detected a reversal of the current direction as compared to the uncleaved egg, whilst the polarity of the field along the animal-vegetal axis was maintained. We also mapped the localization of Ca2+-stimulated AT-Pase, an enzyme that drives the Ca2+-efflux from the cell. We found that this enzyme is localized exclusively along the cytoplasmic face of the apical plasma membrane of macromere 3D, and that its presence is restricted to the period from 110 to 135 min after the fifth cleavage, when there is close contact between macormere 3D and the micromeres. Since the localization of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase coincides both in time and space with the induction of the mesoderm-mother cell, we suggest that localized calcium fluxes may play a role in this induction process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584, Utrecht, CT, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Danica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zivkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584, Utrecht, CT, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Créton
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584, Utrecht, CT, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584, Utrecht, CT, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dohmen
keywords: Ca2−/Mg+ ATPase; Calcium; Ionic currents; Mesoderm induction; Molluscan embryo