title: Respiratory motion reduction with a dual gating approach in myocardial perfusion SPECT: Effect on left ventricular functional parameters.
abstract: Respiratory motion (RM) complicates the analysis of myocardial perfusion (MP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. The effects of RM on left ventricular (LV) functional variables have not been thoroughly investigated.
  
  
  
  Thoracic electrical bioimpedance and electrocardiographic signals were recorded from eighteen patients undergoing the rest phase of a 1-day stress/rest cardiac-gated MP-SPECT examination. The signals and list-mode emission data were retrospectively processed to yield standard cardiac- and dual-gated (respiratory and cardiac gating) image sets applying a novel algorithm. LV volume, MP, shape index (SI), wall motion (WM), wall thickening (WT), and phase analysis parameters were measured with Quantitative Perfusion SPECT/Quantitative Gated SPECT software (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center). Image quality was evaluated by three experienced physicians. Dual gating increased LV volume (77.1 ± 26.8 vs 79.8 ± 27.6 mL, P = .006) and decreased SI (0.57 ± 0.05 vs 0.56 ± 0.05, P = .036) and global WT (39.0 ± 11.8% vs 36.9 ± 9.4%, P = .034) compared to cardiac gating, but did not significantly alter perfusion, WM or phase analysis parameters or image quality (P > .05).
  
  
  
  RM reduction has an effect on LV volume, shape, and WT parameters. RM exerts no significant effect on phase analysis parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. matti.kortelainen@uef.fi.|Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. matti.kortelainen@uef.fi.
authors.forename: Matti J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kortelainen
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Koivumäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vauhkonen
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.|Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Marja K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Satu T J
authors.initials: STJ
authors.lastname: Kärkkäinen
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Juanita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niño Quintero
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.|Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hakulinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055426:Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: Myocardial perfusion: SPECT; gated SPECT; left ventricular function; respiratory motion