title: Co-encapsulation of amyloglucosidase with starch and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as basis for a long-lasting CO2release.
abstract: CO2is known as a major attractant for many arthropod pests which can be exploited for pest control within novel attract-and-kill strategies. This study reports on the development of a slow-release system for CO2based on calcium alginate beads containing granular corn starch, amyloglucosidase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our aim was to evaluate the conditions which influence the CO2release and to clarify the biochemical reactions taking place within the beads. The amyloglucosidase was immobilized with a high encapsulation efficiency of 87% in Ca-alginate beads supplemented with corn starch and S. cerevisiae biomass. The CO2release from the beads was shown to be significantly affected by the concentration of amyloglucosidase and corn starch within the beads as well as by the incubation temperature. Beads prepared with 0.1 amyloglucosidase units/g matrix solution led to a long-lasting CO2emission at temperatures between 6 and 25 °C. Starch degradation data correlated well with the CO2release from beads during incubation and scanning electron microscopy micrographs visualized the degradation of corn starch granules by the co-encapsulated amyloglucosidase. By implementing MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry imaging for the analysis of Ca-alginate beads, we verified that the encapsulated amyloglucosidase converts starch into glucose which is immediately consumed by S. cerevisiae cells. When applied into the soil, the beads increased the CO2concentration in soil significantly. Finally, we demonstrated that dried beads showed a CO2production in soil comparable to the moist beads. The long-lasting CO2-releasing beads will pave the way towards novel attract-and-kill strategies in pest control.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vemmer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Proteome and Metabolome Research, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giampà
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Proteome and Metabolome Research, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bednarz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Proteome and Metabolome Research, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niehaus
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany. anant.patel@fh-bielefeld.de.
authors.forename: Anant V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000254:growth & development*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D013213:Starch; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase
keywords: Alginate beads; Attract-and-kill; Baker’s yeast; Carbon dioxide; Co-immobilization; Glucoamylase; Slow-release