title: Moonlighting glycolytic protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH): an evolutionarily conserved plasminogen receptor on mammalian cells.
abstract: Prokaryotic pathogens establish infection in mammals by capturing the proteolytic enzyme plasminogen (Plg) onto their surface to digest host extracellular matrix (ECM). One of the bacterial surface Plg receptors is the multifunctional glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In a defensive response, the host mounts an inflammatory response, which involves infiltration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. This requires macrophage exit from the blood and migration across basement membranes, a phenomenon dependent on proteolytic remodeling of the ECM utilizing Plg. The ability of Plg to facilitate inflammatory cell recruitment critically depends on receptors on the surface of phagocyte cells. Utilizing a combination of biochemical, cellular, knockdown, andin vivoapproaches, we demonstrated that upon inflammation, macrophages recruit GAPDH onto their surface to carry out the same task of capturing Plg to digest ECM to aid rapid phagocyte migration and combat the invading pathogens. We propose that GAPDH is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved receptor that plays a key role in the Plg-dependent regulation of macrophage recruitment in the inflammatory response to microbial aggression, thus pitting prokaryotic GAPDH against mammalian GAPDH, with both involved in a conserved role of Plg activation on the surface of their respective cells, to conflicting ends.-Chauhan, A. S., Kumar, M., Chaudhary, S., Patidar, A., Dhiman, A., Sheokand, N., Malhotra, H., Raje, C. I., Raje, M. Moonlighting glycolytic protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH): an evolutionarily conserved plasminogen receptor on mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anoop Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Surbhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patidar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Navdeep
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheokand
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Chaaya Iyengar
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Raje
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India; manoj@imtech.res.in.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raje
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010958:Plasminogen; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)
keywords: cell migration; inflammation; multifunctional protein; plasmin; urokinase activator receptor