title: Evaluation of the expression of VIII factor and VEGF in the regeneration of non-vital teeth in dogs using propolis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGF and VII factors in dog's teeth pulp revascularized with MTA and propolis.
  
  
  METHODS
  144 mature and immature two rooted dog's premolar canals were selected. Pulp necrosis and infection were established after 2 weeks and the disinfection of the canals was done with copious NaOCl irrigation and triantibiotic mixture (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the blood clot was evoked in the canal by periapical tissue irritation with a k-file. The samples were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups: propolis (groups 1, 2), MTA (groups 3, 4), and parafilm (groups 5, 6) in immature and mature teeth. The animals were sacrificed and samples were prepared for immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGF and the VIII factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue regeneration was seen in 64.5% of MTA, 38% of propolis, and 0% of parafilm group samples. Expression of VEGF and VIII factor in the propolis group was more than the MTA group and it showed a reduction after 3 months in comparison to 1 month. VEGF and VIII factor were seen in stromal cells in addition to endothelial vessel cells. Overall, expression of angiogenic factors was more in the open apex teeth compared to close apex ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of this study, propolis can induce the expression of VEGF and VIII factor in infected mature and immature dog's teeth and is a suitable biomaterial for the revascularization technique.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarei
authors.affiliation: Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jafarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harandi
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javidi
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharechahi
keywords: Propolis; Regeneration; VEGF; VIII Factor