title: Temperature Sensing Using Thermal Population of Low-Lying Energy Levels with (Sm0.01Gd0.99)VO4.
abstract: A temperature sensing scheme is proposed that is based on the dramatic temperature dependence of the photoluminescence when Sm3+dopants are excited from thermally populated6H7/2,9/2levels, rather than the ground level6H5/2, to the4G5/2luminescent level. The scheme has the advantage of eliminating laser heating and background Stokes-type scattering noise. Experimental realization was carried out on a (Sm0.01Gd0.99)VO4sample by detecting the intensities at 550-580 nm using excitation wavelengths of 601.6 nm (process A) and 644.0 nm (process B) to excite Sm3+to the4G5/2level from the6H7/2and6H9/2levels, which are ca. 1160 and ca. 2270 cm-1above the ground6H5/2level, respectively. The sensitivities achieved are 1267 K/T2in the temperature range of 183-413 K for process A and 2600 K/T2in 393-603 K for process B. At even higher temperatures (600-800 K), a complementary process C based on the temperature-dependent luminescence decay lifetime resulted in a relative temperature sensitivity increase from 0.52% K-1at 640 K to a top value of 3.23% K-1at around 750 K. Furthermore, factors affecting the temperature dependence of the luminescence intensities have been successfully explored by taking into account the broadening of the thermally activated energy levels and the quantum efficiency of the luminescent level.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiantao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yonghu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-2456
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chang-Kui
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Duan