title: Thiol-based copper handling by the copper chaperone Atox1.
abstract: Human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) plays a crucial role in cellular copper homeostasis. Atox1 captures cytosolic copper for subsequent transfer to copper pumps in trans Golgi network, thereby facilitating copper supply to various copper-dependent oxidereductases matured within the secretory vesicles. Atox1 and other copper chaperones handle cytosolic copper using Cys thiols which are ideal ligands for coordinating Cu(I). Recent studies demonstrated reversible oxidation of these Cys residues in copper chaperones, linking cellular redox state to copper homeostasis. Highlighted in this review are unique redox properties of Atox1 and other copper chaperones. Also, summarized are the redox nodes in the cytosol which potentially play dominant roles in the redox regulation of copper chaperones. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):246-254, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inouye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akagi
mesh_terms: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D000079922:Copper Transport Proteins; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056511:Metallochaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C474500:ATOX1 protein, human; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000079922:Copper Transport Proteins; D056511:Metallochaperones; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D003300:Copper
keywords: Atox1; copper chaperone; disulfide; glutathione; redox regulation