title: EEG-based alpha neurofeedback training for mood enhancement.
abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop a preliminary neurofeedback system to improve the mood of the subjects using audio signals by enhancing their alpha brainwaves. Assessment of the effect of music on the human subjects is performed using three methods; subjective assessment of mood with the help of a questionnaire, the effect on brain by analysing EEG signals, and the effect on body by physiological assessment. In this study, two experiments have been designed. The first experiment was to determine the short-term effect of music on soothing human subjects, whereas the second experiment was to determine its long-term effect. Two types of music were used in the first experiment, the favourite music selected by the participants and a relaxing music with alpha wave binaural beats. The research findings showed that the relaxing music has a better soothing effect on the participants psychologically and physiologically. However, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the short-term soothing effect of both favourite music and relaxing music was not significant in changing the mean alpha absolute power and mean physiological measures (blood pressure and heart rate) at the significance level of 0.05. The second experiment was somewhat similar to an alpha neurofeedback training whereby the participants trained their brains to produce more alpha brainwaves by listening to the relaxing music with alpha wave binaural beats for a duration of 30 min daily. The results showed that the relaxing music has a long-term psychological and physiological effect on soothing the participants, as can be observed from the increase in alpha power and decrease in physiological measures after each session of training. The training was found to be effective in increasing the alpha power significantly [F(2,12) = 11.5458 and p = 0.0016], but no significant reduction in physiological measures was observed at the significance level of 0.05.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Swee Wu
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Phneah
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. humaira@utar.edu.my.
authors.forename: Humaira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nisar
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003971:Diastole; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D058765:Neurofeedback; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alpha brainwave; Audio signal; EEG; Mood enhancement; Neuro-feedback