title: Multi-mycotoxin analysis using dried blood spots and dried serum spots.
abstract: In this study, a rapid multi-mycotoxin approach was developed for biomonitoring and quantification of 27 important mycotoxins and mycotoxin metabolites in human blood samples. HPLC-MS/MS detection was used for the analysis of dried serum spots (DSS) and dried blood spots (DBS). Detection of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1), trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, DON; DON-3-glucoronic acid, DON-3-GlcA; T-2; HT-2; and HT-2-4-GlcA), fumonisin B1(FB1), ochratoxins (OTA and its thermal degradation product 2'R-OTA; OTα; 10-hydroxychratoxin A, 10-OH-OTA), citrinin (CIT and its urinary metabolite dihydrocitrinone, DH-CIT), zearalenone and zearalanone (ZEN, ZAN), altenuene (ALT), alternariols (AOH; alternariol monomethyl ether, AME), enniatins (EnA, EnA1, EnB, EnB1) and beauvericin (Bea) was validated for two matrices, serum (DSS), and whole blood (DBS). HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed signal suppression as well as signal enhancement due to matrix effects. However, for most analytes LOQs in the lower pg/mL range and excellent recovery rate were achieved using matrix-matched calibration. Besides validation of the method, the analyte stability in DBS and DSS was also investigated. Stability is a main issue for some analytes when the dried samples are stored under common conditions at room temperature. Nevertheless, the developed method was applied to DBS samples of a German cohort (n = 50). Besides positive findings of OTA and 2'R-OTA, all samples were positive for EnB. This methodical study establishes a validated multi-mycotoxin approach for the detection of 27 mycotoxins and metabolites in dried blood/serum spots based on a fast sample preparation followed by sensitive HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osteresch
authors.affiliation: Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.|Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viegas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany. humpf@wwu.de.
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3296-3058
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Humpf
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing / Q000379:methods*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Biomonitoring; Dried blood spot; Dried serum spot; HPLC-MS/MS; Mass spectrometry; Mycotoxin