title: Efficacy of cilostazol-based dual antiplatelet treatment in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is essential that patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) receive optimal antiplatelet inhibition. Although a reduction in platelet reactivity and improved clinical outcomes occur when using adjunctive cilostazol with dual antiplatelet therapy, this can lead to an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Therefore, our current study examined patients undergoing CAS and evaluated the impact of cilostazol-based dual antiplatelet treatment on the outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2010 and 2015, 137 consecutive patients underwent CAS. From 2010 to 2011 (period 1), 28 patients underwent CAS in conjunction with aspirin and clopidogrel dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT). From 2010 to 2013 (period 2), 44 patients underwent a preoperative assessment of their platelet function, with the clopidogrel-resistant patients receiving adjunctive cilostazol in addition to the aspirin and clopidogrel. From 2013 to 2015 (period 3), 65 patients underwent CAS in conjunction with cilostazol and clopidogrel treatment. In all patients, the incidence of new ipsilateral ischemic lesions observed by diffusion-weighted imaging on the day after CAS, and ischemic or hemorrhagic events occurring within 30 days were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clopidogrel resistance was identified in 43% of the patients in period 1, in 16% in period 2, and in 5% in period 3 (P < 0.001). The on-treatment platelet reactivity results indicated that the PRU value during cilostazol-based DAPT was significantly lower than that observed for the standard DAPT (P < 0.05). New ipsilateral ischemic lesions decreased by 9% and 8% in periods 2 and 3, respectively, versus a 25% decrease in period 1 (P = 0.047). However, there were no significant differences noted for any of the hemorrhagic or thromboembolic events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the standard aspirin and clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy, cilostazol-based dual antiplatelet treatment reduces the rate of clopidogrel resistance and suppresses new ischemic lesions without hemorrhagic complications.
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Neurosurgery , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Neurosurgery , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Hun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: b Departments of Radiology , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Neurosurgery , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Neurosurgery , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Syuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Neurosurgery , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.affiliation: b Departments of Radiology , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kichikawa
authors.affiliation: a Departments of Neurosurgery , Nara Medical University , Nara , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakase
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D000077407:Cilostazol; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000077407:Cilostazol; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Cilostazol; P2Y12 reaction unit; carotid artery stenting; platelet reactivity