title: The potency of the first two cleavage cells in echinoderm development: the experiments of Driesch revisited.
abstract: A hundred years have passed since Driesch performed the classical experiment of separating sea urchin blastomeres from a two-cell-stage embryo, finding that each developed into a complete though smaller larva. The earlier studies of Roux using frogs showed that inactivating one of the two blastomeres by a heated needle resulted, during the early stages of development, in the formation of a half embryo. In this type of experiment, in which the two blastomeres are not separated, the live blastomere continues its development while it is still attached to an inactivated neighbour. In the work reported here, Roux's experimental design was used on two-cell-stage embryos of sea urchins. In contrast to the findings of Roux using amphibians, it was found (as claimed by Driesch) that the living blastomere developed as in the case of separated blastomeres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 94720, California, Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khaner
keywords: Blastomere; Ricin A; Sea urchin; Totipotency