title: Efficacy of Intensive Neurodevelopmental Treatment for Children With Developmental Delay, With or Without Cerebral Palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) on gross motor function for the children having developmental delay (DD), with or without cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two children had intensive NDT three times weekly, 60 minutes a day, for 3 months, immediately followed by conventional NDT once or twice a week, 30 minutes a day, for another 3 months. We assessed Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) over three time points: before conventional NDT, before and after intensive NDT, and after 3 months of additional conventional NDT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GMFM score in DD children significantly improved after intensive NDT, and the improvement maintained after 3 months of conventional NDT (p<0.05). The children were further divided into two groups: DD with CP and DD without CP. Both groups showed significant improvement and maintained the improvements, after intensive NDT (p<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the two groups. When we calculate the absence rate for comparing the compliance between intensive and conventional NDT, the absence rate was lower during the intensive NDT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive NDT showed significantly improved gross motor function and higher compliance than conventional NDT. Additionally, all improvements were maintained through subsequent short-term conventional NDT. Thus, we recommend the intensive NDT program by day-hospital centers for children with DD, irrespective of accompanying CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8720-3315
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4989-2575
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1997-2593
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Yeun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6932-6541
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae June
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7166-059X
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jae
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6062-5246
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Sun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7755-435X
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kwon
keywords: Cerebral palsy; Developmental disabilities; Disability evaluation; Rehabilitation