title: The Non-Coding Transcriptome of Prostate Cancer: Implications for Clinical Practice.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa initiation and progression remain unclear, and there is increasing need of better biomarkers that can distinguish indolent from aggressive and life-threatening disease. With the advent of advanced genomic technologies in the last decade, it became apparent that the human genome encodes tens of thousands non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with yet to be discovered function. It is clear now that the majority of ncRNAs exhibit highly specific expression patterns restricted to certain tissues and organs or developmental stages and that the expression of many ncRNAs is altered in disease and cancer, including cancer of the prostate. Such ncRNAs can serve as important biomarkers for PCa diagnosis, prognosis, or prediction of therapy response. In this review, we give an overview of the different types of ncRNAs and their function, describe ncRNAs relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, and present emerging new aspects of ncRNA research that may contribute to the future utilization of ncRNAs as clinically useful therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irene V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Bijnsdorp
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van Royen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerald W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Verhaegh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Room Be-362b, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. e.martens@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Martens-Uzunova
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; C479341:prostate cancer antigen 3, human