title: Traditionally UsedLathyrusSpecies: Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibitory Properties, Cytotoxic Effects, andin silicoStudies ofL. czeczottianusandL. nissolia.
abstract: Members of the genusLathyrusare used as food and as traditional medicines. In order to find new sources of biologically-active compounds, chemical and biological profiles of twoLathyrusspecies (L. czeczottianusandL. nissolia)were investigated. Chemical profiles were evaluated by HPLC-ESI-MSn, as well as by their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In addition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects were also investigated. Antioxidant properties were tested by using different assays (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation). Cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were used to evaluate enzyme inhibitory effects. Moreover, vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were further subjected to molecular docking experiments to provide insights about their interactions at molecular level with the tested enzymes.In vitrocytotoxic effects were examined against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) by using iCELLigence real time cell analysis system. Generally,L. czeczottianusexhibited stronger antioxidant properties thanL. nissolia. However,L. nissoliahad remarkable enzyme inhibitory effects against cholinesterase, amylase and glucosidase. HPLC-ESI-MSnanalysis revealed that flavonoids were major components in these extracts. On the basis of these results,Lathyrusextracts were rich in biologically active components; thus, these species could be utilized to design new phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.
authors.affiliation: Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Eulogio J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Llorent-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zengin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernández-de Córdova
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mollica
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mocan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sengul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Education, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokalp O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aktumsek
keywords: Lathyrus; antioxidant; bioactive formulations; cytotoxic; flavonoid; molecular docking