title: All Seasons Vertical Augmentation Mastopexy: A Simple Algorithm, Clinical Experience, and Patient-reported Outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The safety of augmentation mastopexy has been questioned. Staging has been recommended for women deemed to be at higher risk, such as women with greater degrees of ptosis. Most existing studies evaluate women treated with multiple methods, including the traditional Wise pattern. This retrospective study specifically evaluates vertical augmentation mastopexy. A simple algorithm is introduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2002 to 2016, 252 women underwent consecutive vertical augmentation mastopexies performed by the author, with no staged surgery. All patients underwent a vertical mastopexy using a medially based pedicle and intraoperative nipple siting. A subset of women treated from 2012 to 2016 were surveyed to obtain outcome data; 90 patients (inclusion rate, 90%) participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complication rate was 32.9%, including persistent ptosis, delayed wound healing, scar deformities, and asymmetry. There were no cases of nipple loss. An increased risk of complications was detected for smokers (P< 0.01), but not for combined procedures, secondary breast augmentations, or secondary mastopexies. The revision rate was 15.5%. Persistent nipple numbness was reported by 13.3% of respondents. Eighty percent of women were self-conscious about their breast appearance before surgery; 22% of respondents were self-conscious about their breasts after surgery. Seventy percent of respondents reported an improved quality of life, 94.4% would repeat the surgery, and 95.6% would recommend it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple algorithm may be used to guide treatment in women who desire correction of ptosis and upper pole fullness. An "all seasons" vertical augmentation mastopexy is safe and widely applicable. Staging is unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Swanson Center, Leawood, Kans.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swanson