title: Using brain organoids to understand Zika virus-induced microcephaly.
abstract: Technologies to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into three-dimensional organized structures that resemblein vivoorgans are pushing the frontiers of human disease modeling and drug development. In response to the global health emergency posed by the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak, brain organoids engineered to mimic the developing human fetal brain have been employed to model ZIKV-induced microcephaly. Here, we discuss the advantages of brain organoids over other model systems to study development and highlight recent advances in understanding ZIKV pathophysiology and its underlying pathogenesis mechanisms. We further discuss perspectives on overcoming limitations of current organoid systems for their future use in ZIKV research.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Xuyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Ha Nam
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3307-421X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA gming1@jhmi.edu.|Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Guo-Li
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2517-6075
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ming
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D009940:Organoids / Q000473:pathology*; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000821:virology
keywords: Cortex; Microcephaly; Organoids; Zika; iPSC