title: Cystoid macular oedema after phacoemulsification with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus; a hospital-based clinical prospective trial in Karachi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To know the outcomes of cystoid macular oedema after phacoemulsification in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus using optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This non-concurrent, clinical, prospective study was carried out at Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, from January to August 2015. After phacoemulsification with injectable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, eyes of patients were analysed. The patients were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups visual acuity, optical coherence tomography and dilated fundus examination were performed preoperatively (baseline) and post-operative 1st week and 6th week. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 subjects, there were 50(50%) each in diabetic and non-diabetic group. Subsequently, 14(14%) patients were lost to follow-up, and 86 eyes of 86(86%) patients were analysed. Of them, 37(43%) were male and 49(57%) were female. The mean age of participants was 52.21±7.43 years (range: 38-62years). The non-diabetic group had 41(47.7%) patients and the diabetic group had 45(52.3%). There was no clinically significant cystoid macular oedema in either group. Central foveal thickness > 43.94 µm was observed in 1(2.5%) eye in the non-diabetic group and in none in the diabetic group at 1st post-operative week. At the 6th post-operative week, none of eyes in the non-diabetic group and 2(4.44%) eyes of the diabetic group showed macular oedema. There was no statistically significant difference in mean foveal volume between both groups at 1st week (p=0.896) and 6th week (p=0.230).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystoid macular oedema after phacoemulsification was equally present in both diabetics and non-diabetics without any retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Gaddap Town Malir, Karachi.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haleem
authors.affiliation: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Gaddap Town Malir, Karachi.
authors.affiliation: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Gaddap Town Malir, Karachi.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Gaddap Town Malir, Karachi.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.affiliation: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Gaddap Town Malir, Karachi.
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.affiliation: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Gaddap Town Malir, Karachi.
authors.forename: Muhammad Faisal
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fahim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Cystoid macular oedema, Diabetes mellitus, Clinical prospective trial.