title: Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction combined with LC-MS/MS for the determination of glucocorticoids in water with the aid of experimental design.
abstract: An efficient and inexpensive method using vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (VASEME) based on solidification of floating organic droplet coupled with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is proposed for the analysis of glucocorticoids in water samples (river water and hospital wastewater). VASEME was optimized by the experimental validation of Plackett-Burman design and central composite design, which has been co-related to experimental design. Plackett-Burman design showed that factors such as vortex time, surfactant concentration, and pH significantly affect the extraction efficiency of the method. Method validation was characterized by an acceptable calibration range of 1-1000 ng L-1, and the limit of detection was in the range from 2.20 to 8.12 ng L-1for glucocorticoids. The proposed method was applied to determine glucocorticoids in river water and hospital wastewater in Lucknow, India. It is reliable and rapid and has potential application for analysis of glucocorticoids in environmental aqueous samples. Graphical Abstract Low density based extraction of gluococorticoids by using design of experiment.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, India.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asati
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: G N V
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, India. dkpatel@iitr.res.in.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. dkpatel@iitr.res.in.
authors.forename: Devendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Aqueous sample; Design of experiment; Glucocorticoids; Ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction solidified organic droplet