title: Adulteration and Contamination of Commercial Sap ofHymenaeaSpecies.
abstract: TheHymenaea stigonocarpaandHymenaea martianaspecies, commonly known as "jatobá," produce a sap which is extracted by perforation of the trunk and is commonly used in folk medicine as a tonic. For this study, the authenticity of commercial samples of jatobá was verified by the identification of the main compounds and multivariate analysis and contamination by microbial presence analysis. The acute toxicity of the authentic jatobá sap was also evaluated. The metabolites composition and multivariate analysis revealed that none of the commercial samples were authentic. In the microbiological contamination analysis, five of the six commercial samples showed positive cultures within the range of 1,700-100,000 CFU/mL and the authentic sap produced no signs of toxicity, and from a histological point of view, there was the maintenance of tissue integrity. In brief, the commercial samples were deemed inappropriate for consumption and represent a danger to the population.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katyuce de Souza
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioensaios, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah Alves
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Auharek
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioensaios, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa Luiza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cunha-Laura
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeana Mara Escher
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Botânica, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geraldo Alves
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Damasceno-Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biofisiofarmacologia, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Toffoli-Kadri
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wander Fernando
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Filiú
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Dos Anjos
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas Microbiológicas, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilene Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alexandre
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1231-9441
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carollo