title: Subchondral bone microarchitecture and failure mechanism under compression: A finite element study.
abstract: Subchondral bone (SCB) microdamage is commonly observed in traumatic joint injuries and has been strongly associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Knowledge of the three-dimensional stress and strain distribution within the SCB tissue helps to understand the mechanism of SCB failure, and may lead to an improved understanding of mechanisms of PTOA initiation, prevention and treatment. In this study, we used high-resolution micro-computed tomography (µCT)-based finite element (FE) modelling of cartilage-bone to evaluate the failure mechanism and the locations of SCB tissue at high-risk of initial failure under compression. The µCT images of five cartilage-bone specimens with an average SCB thickness of 1.23±0.20mm were used to develop five µCT-based FE models. The FE models were analysed under axial compressions of approximately 30MPa applied to the cartilage surface while the bone edges were constrained. Strain and stress-based failure criteria were then applied to evaluate the failure mechanism of the SCB tissue under excessive compression through articular cartilage. µCT-based FE models predicted two locations in the SCB at high-risk of initial failure: (1) the interface of the calcified-uncalcified cartilage due to excessive tension, and (2) the trabecular bone beneath the subchondral plate due to excessive compression. µCT-based FE models of cartilage-bone enabled us to quantify the distribution of the applied compression which was transferred through the articular cartilage to its underlying SCB, and to investigate the mechanism and the mode of SCB tissue failure. Ultimately, the results will help to understand the mechanism of injury formation in relation to PTOA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malekipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Denny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oetomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: pvlee@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter Vee-Sin
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology; D019245:Compressive Strength; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Cartilage-bone; Initial failure; Subchondral bone; µCT-based Finite Element Modelling