title: Bioresponsive transcutaneous patches.
abstract: Transdermal drug delivery systems that utilize transcutaneous patches of arrayed microneedles have attracted increasing interest in medical practice as an alternative method to hypodermic injection. Over the past ten years, research has focused on leveraging physiological signals associated with diseases or skin-specific tissues to create bioresponsive patches that release drug directly in response to an internally-generated stimulus. This review surveys the recent advances in the development and use of bioresponsive transcutaneous patches for on-demand smart and precise drug delivery, exploiting different physiological signals including pH, serum glucose levels, and enzyme activity. The clinical potential of these devices, including challenges and opportunities, is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Jicheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kahkoska
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: zgu@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles; D012867:Skin; D057968:Transdermal Patch