title: Sprint Interval Training Induces A Sexual Dimorphism but does not Improve Peak Bone Mass in Young and Healthy Mice.
abstract: Elevated peak bone mass in early adulthood reduces the risk for osteoporotic fractures at old age. As sports participation has been correlated with elevated peak bone masses, we aimed to establish a training program that would efficiently stimulate bone accrual in healthy young mice. We combined voluntary treadmill running with sprint interval training modalities that were tailored to the individual performance limits and were of either high or intermediate intensity. Adolescent male and female STR/ort mice underwent 8 weeks of training before the hind legs were analyzed for cortical and trabecular bone parameters and biomechanical strength. Sprint interval training led to increased running speeds, confirming an efficient training. However, males and females responded differently. The males improved their running speeds in response to intermediate intensities only and accrued cortical bone at the expense of mechanical strength. High training intensities induced a significant loss of trabecular bone. The female bones showed neither adverse nor beneficial effects in response to either training intensities. Speculations about the failure to improve geometric alongside mechanical bone properties include the possibility that our training lacked sufficient axial loading, that high cardio-vascular strains adversely affect bone growth and that there are physiological limits to bone accrual.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koenen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Knepper
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Madlen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klodt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osterberg
authors.affiliation: Department for Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stratos
authors.affiliation: Department for Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mittlmeier
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Histing
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Menger
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Sciences, Rostock University, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruhn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller-Hilke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000517:prevention & control; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012420:Running; D012727:Sex Characteristics