title: Serum cytokine profile of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate serum cytokine concentrations in healthy individuals and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 59 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Multiplex analysis of interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13 and 17 and interferon-gamma with respect to the presence of laryngeal carcinoma, tumour-node-metastasis T stage, nodal involvement and larynx subsite was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed no difference in serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy controls. The serum interleukin-12 concentration was significantly higher in patients with early (T1-2) than in those with late (T3-4) stage disease and without nodal involvement (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin-10 levels were significantly higher in T3-4 stage than in T1-2 stage patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum interleukin 10, 12 and 13 concentrations (p < 0.05) and interleukin-6 concentration (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with T1-2 stage supraglottic vs glottic tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum cytokines level cannot be used as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma markers. Progression from T1-2 to T3-4 stage is followed by decreased serum interleukin-12 levels and increased interleukin-10 levels. Nodal involvement is associated with lower serum interleukin-12 levels. In patients with early stage tumours, serum interleukin 6, 10, 12 and 13 concentrations are significantly higher in those with supraglottic vs glottic tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotirović
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vojvodić
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baletić
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology 'Aleksandar Đ Kostic', School of Medicine, University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zaletel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stanojević
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erdoglija
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Military Medical Academy,Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milojević
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007378:Interleukins; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords:  Squamous Cell; Carcinoma; Larynx; Th1–Th2 Balance