title: Marine macromolecules cross-linked hydrogel scaffolds as physiochemically and biologically favorable entities for tissue engineering applications.
abstract: Marine biopolymer composite materials provide a technological platform for launching biomedical applications. Biomaterials demand good biocompatibility without the possibility of inflammation or foreign body reactions. In this study, we prepared two biocomposite hydrogels namely; HAC (hydroxyapatite, alginate & chitosan) and HACF (hydroxyapatite, alginate, chitosan & fucoidan) followed by calcium chloride cross linking. The prepared scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Porosity measurement, swelling, biodegradation, hemolysis, RBC aggregation, plasma protein adsorption and cytotoxicity studies were also done. The hydrogel scaffold HACF possessed a well-defined porous architecture, sufficient water holding capacity, better hemocompatibility and biodegradability. The biocompatibility was confirmed through in vitro cytotoxicity studies such as MTT assay, Neutral red uptake, DAPI staining, Trypan blue dye exclusion test and direct contact assay in L929 mouse fibroblast cells. In addition, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of both of these scaffolds were revealed by the mRNA expressions of major inflammatory marker genes in cytotoxic condition such as TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB. The physiochemical characterization and biological responses of HACF hydrogel signifies its suitability for various tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sumayya
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muraleedhara Kurup
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; C007789:fucoidan; D017886:Durapatite; D002122:Calcium Chloride
keywords: L929 mouse fibroblast cells; Marine biopolymer; biocompatibility; biodegradability; hydrogel; tissue engineering