title: Ohmic Heating: An Emerging Concept in Organic Synthesis.
abstract: The ohmic heating also known as direct Joule heating, is an advanced thermal processing method, mainly used in the food industry to rapidly increase the temperature for either cooking or sterilization purposes. Its use in organic synthesis, in the heating of chemical reactors, is an emerging method that shows great potential, the development of which has started recently. This Concept article focuses on the use of ohmic heating as a new tool for organic synthesis. It presents the fundamentals of ohmic heating and makes a qualitative and quantitative comparison with other common heating methods. A brief description of the ohmic reactor prototype in operation is presented as well as recent examples of its use in organic synthesis at laboratory scale, thus showing the current state of the research. The advantages and limitations of this heating method, as well as its main current applications are also discussed. Finally, the prospects and potential implications of ohmic heating in future research in chemical synthesis are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vera L M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0938-5085
authors.initials: VLM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQUP), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis M N B F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-0358
authors.initials: LMNBF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Artur M S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8286
authors.initials: AMS
authors.lastname: Silva
keywords: energy efficiency; ohmic heating; sustainable chemistry; synthetic methods; water chemistry