title: CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study.
abstract: Previous investigations have determined that some individuals have minimal or even ergolytic performance effects after caffeine ingestion. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the genetic variations of the CYP1A2 gene on the performance enhancement effects of ingesting a moderate dose of caffeine. In a double-blind randomized experimental design, 21 healthy active participants (29.3 ± 7.7 years) ingested 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo in testing sessions separated by one week. Performance in the 30 s Wingate test, visual attention, and side effects were evaluated. DNA was obtained from whole blood samples and the CYP1A2 polymorphism was analyzed (rs762551). We obtained two groups: AA homozygotes (n= 5) and C-allele carriers (n= 16). Caffeine ingestion increased peak power (682 ± 140 vs. 667 ± 137 W;p= 0.008) and mean power during the Wingate test (527 ± 111 vs. 518 ± 111 W;p< 0.001) with no differences between AA homozygotes and C-allele carriers (p> 0.05). Reaction times were similar between caffeine and placebo conditions (276 ± 31 vs. 269 ± 71 milliseconds;p= 0.681) with no differences between AA homozygotes and C-allele carriers. However, 31.3% of the C-allele carriers reported increased nervousness after caffeine ingestion, while none of the AA homozygotes perceived this side effect. Genetic variations of the CYP1A2 polymorphism did not affect the ergogenic effects and drawbacks derived from the ingestion of a moderate dose of caffeine.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. jjsalinero@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Salinero
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. blara@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. diruiz@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Vicente
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. fareces@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Areces
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. carlos.puente@sek.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puente-Torres
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. cgallo@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallo-Salazar
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. tpascual@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: Teodoro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain. jdelcoso@ucjc.edu.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Coso
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001288:Attention; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013030:Spain; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D002110:Caffeine; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2
keywords: cycling; ergogenic aid; genetics; performance; side effects