title: Prospective pilot study on combined use of pulsed dye laser and 1% topical rapamycin for treatment of nonfacial cutaneous capillary malformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The regeneration or revascularization of blood vessels after pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment is one of the causes of treatment failures of cutaneous capillary malformations (CM). Recently, topical administration of rapamycin was introduced as a possible adjunctive therapeutic option to minimize postlaser revascularization in facial CM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of combined use of 1% topical rapamycin with PDL compared to PDL alone in cutaneous CM of trunk or extremities and tried to identify the optimal duration of topical rapamycin application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three adjacent areas of cutaneous CM that had never been treated before were selected in each patient and underwent the following regimens: (A) PDL + vehicle for 8 weeks post-PDL; (B) PDL + topical rapamycin for 1-week post-PDL and (C) PDL + topical rapamycin for 8 weeks post-PDL. Each test site was treated by PDL for two sessions with 8 weeks interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one of six patients showed clinical improvement with combined rapamycin treatment. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in erythema and blanching rate among PDL alone and combined rapamycin regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One percent topical rapamycin does not seem to be effective as a treatment modality for cutaneous CM of trunk or extremities.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dermatology , Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Doh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dermatology , Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Jungyoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohn
authors.affiliation: b Department of Dermatology , Mapo-Gongdeok S&U Dermatology Clinic , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Dermatology , Mapo-Gongdeok S&U Dermatology Clinic , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Young Gull
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dermatology , Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Soyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054025:Lasers, Dye / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Capillary malformation; port wine stain; pulsed dye laser; rapamycin; sirolimus