title: 4D assessment of fetal brain function in diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether there is a difference in the behavior of fetuses of pregnant women with diabetes under treatment with insulin, compared to fetuses of pregnant women without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kurjak's antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) - a method that, by application of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound, assesses fetal behavior in a similar way that neonatologists perform a neurological assessment in newborns - was applied from 28 to 38 weeks of gestation to 40 pregnancies with pre-existing diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requiring insulin (diabetic group) and to 40 non-diabetic cases, with otherwise low-risk pregnancies (non-diabetic group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences regarding maternal age (30.5±5.1 years for diabetic group vs. 29.8±6.2 years for non-diabetic group) and gestational age (32±1.6 weeks for the diabetic group compared to 33±1.2 weeks for the non-diabetic group). After analysis of the results obtained from application of KANET to each group, results of KANET had higher scores in the non-diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that there are differences in the fetal behavior between diabetic and non-diabetic fetuses, and also the specific parameters - movements that were different between the two groups were identified.
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porovic
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurjak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005333:Fetus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diabetes; KANET; fetal neurobehavior