title: Chemotherapy in combination with cytokine-induced killer cell transfusion: An effective therapeutic option for patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the past decade of clinical studies, the combination of chemotherapy with cytokine induced killer (CIK) cell transfusion has confirmed a promised efficacy in several types of cancer. CIK cells are a mixture of T lymphocytes, generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by multiple cytokines. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy combined with CIK- cell therapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES SCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty four patients with ES SCLC were enrolled in this study. All the patients received treatment from Oct 2010 to Sep 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Included patients were equally divided into 2 groups according to the treatment strategies. Patients in the combined treatment group received chemotherapy combined with CIK-cell transfusion and patients in the control group received chemotherapy alone. The short-term effects, overall survival (OS), progress free survival (PFS) and therapy-related adverse events were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short-term efficacy evaluation indicated that the total response rates in the combined treatment group and control group were 40.9% (9/22) and 9.1% (2/22), respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.0339). Furthermore, the PFS of the combined treatment group was significantly longer than that of the control group (8 vs. 4months, P=0.005). No severe side effect was observed after transfusion of CIK cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that chemotherapy combined with CIK-cell immunotherapy might provide a safe and effective treatment for patients with ES SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Electronic address: kqc2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Quancheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Shuangning
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.. Electronic address: yizhang@zzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D055612:Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: chemotherapy; cytokine induced killer cell; extensive stage small cell lung cancer; immunotherapy