title: Restored Plasma Anandamide and Endometrial Expression of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by the Combination Use of Diane-35 and Metformin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrinal disorder affecting a number of women of reproductive age. We aimed to reveal the correlation between the endocannabinoid system and PCOS, which may provide a new therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol andexpression of cannabinoid receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the endometrium were compared between women with PCOS and infertile women without PCOS, as well as women with PCOS before and after treatment with Diane-35 and metformin. Cannabinoid receptors and FAAH in the endometrium were stained using the immunohistochemical method. Results were analyzed by calculating integrated optical density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma anandamide was increased significantly in women with PCOS compared with infertile women without PCOS. Treatment with Diane-35 and metformin reversed this increase in women with PCOS. No significant difference in 2-arachidonoylglycerol was observed between the infertile women with or without PCOS. The women with PCOS had lower endometrial expression of FAAH compared with infertile women without PCOS, whereas no significant difference in endometrial expression of cannabinoid receptors was observed between the women with PCOS and infertile women without PCOS. We found that after treatment with Diane-35 and metformin, FAAH expression tended toward a significant increase compared with women before the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endocannabinoid system may be involved in the progression of PCOS, and serum anandamide could serve as a potential biomarker of clinical diagnosis of PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. Electronic address: guimhao@sina.com.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Luning
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Guimin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000097:blood*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005989:Glycerides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000097:blood*; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D004338:Drug Combinations; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005989:Glycerides; D008687:Metformin; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C032640:Cyproterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; C078814:anandamide
keywords: CB1; FAAH; PCOS; cannabinoid receptors; endocannabinoids; fatty acid amide hydrolase; metformin; polycystic ovary syndrome