title: [Intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid in surgical treatment of children with recurrent neuroepithelial tumors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis (FD) during repeated surgery for recurrent neuroepithelial tumors (NETs) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of the results of recurrent NET resection in 13 children aged from 3 to 17 years in the period between December 2013 and May 2015. The source of 5-ALA was a drug "Alasens" that was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight 4 h before the beginning of tumor resection. A visual scale was used to evaluate the fluorescence intensity. The drug was used with the informed consent of the child's parents and approval of the Polenov Neurosurgical Institute ethics committee. All patients underwent complex clinical and introscopic examination in the pre- and postoperative periods and a repeated histological tumor examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no fluorescence in 4 cases (Gr I in 2 cases; Gr II in 2 cases). Grade 1 fluorescence (Gr II) was observed in one case, and grade 2-3 fluorescence was observed in the remaining 8 patients. Total and subtotal tumor resection was achieved in 11 (84.6%) of 13 patients. There were no clinically significant adverse effects. A transient increase in transaminases was observed in 2 patients. Two girls had an elevated photosensitivity to light for two days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FD is a safe technique in childhood and can improve intraoperative detection of NET during its repeated growth as well as differentiate the tumor from pathological tissues of non-tumorous nature, which increases completeness of blastomatous tissue removal. However, the character and intensity of fluorescence may change in recurrent NETs. Further research is required to investigate the FD effectiveness in various age patients with tumors of a different histological structure and malignancy in the case of both primary and recurrent lesions.
authors.affiliation: Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, Branch of the Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, Branch of the Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Khachatryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018302:Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid