title: The Relationships Among Pain, Depression, and Physical Activity in Patients With Heart Failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing patients' physical activity levels holds many opportunities to facilitate health and well-being among those with heart failure (HF) by improving HF symptoms and decreasing depression and pain. Given low exercise participation rates, an essential first step to increase exercise rates is to evaluate how pain and depression may further influence engagement in exercise programs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to describe the level of physical activity and exercise that patients with HF with depression achieve and to investigate the relationships among pain, depression, total activity time, and sitting time.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this correlational cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 61 participants with depression and New York Heart Association class II to IV HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The total time spent being active was less than 1 hour per day. Depressed patients with HF have much lower physical activity levels than the general public. Decreasing sitting time and increasing light activity levels hold promise to improve pain and depression symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Christine Haedtke, PhD, PCCN, RN Postdoctoral Clinical Scholar in Cardiovascular Science, College of Nursing, The University of Kentucky, Lexington. Marianne Smith, PhD, RN Associate Professor and the Education Director for the Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City. John VanBuren, PhD Assistant Professor, Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City. Dawn Klein, LMSW Research Manager, University of Iowa; and Research Coordinator (Affiliate), Psychiatry Research, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa. Carolyn Turvey, PhD Professor of Psychiatry and of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; and Iowa City VA Health Care System, Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation Center, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haedtke
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: VanBuren
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turvey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy