title: The actions of thyroid hormone signaling in the nucleus.
abstract: Thyroid hormones are a critical regulator of mammalian physiology. Much of their action is due to effects in the nucleus where T3engages thyroid hormone receptor isoforms to mediate its effects. In order to function properly the TR isoforms must be recruited to regulatory sequences within genes that they up-regulate. On these positive regulated target genes the TR can activate or repress depending upon whether the receptor is bound to T3or not and the type of co-regulatory proteins present in that cell type. In contrast to T3mediated activation, the mechanism by which the TR represses transcription in the presence of T3remains unclear. Herein we will review the components of the transcriptional response to T3within the nucleus and attempt to highlight the outstanding questions in the field.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Kristen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: thollenb@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: Coactivators; Corepressors; Nucleus; Thyroid hormone