title: Value of Microperimetry in Detecting Early Retinal Toxicity of Hydroxychloroquine in Children with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate retinal sensitivity in children who are on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for systemic lupus erythematosus using microperimetry and compare the results with those of the Humphrey visual field (HVF) 10-2 and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control cross-sectional study including 19 patients (less than 18 years old) on HCQ for at least 5 years. Controls were 21 normal children. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, then were investigated using HVF 10-2, SD-OCT, and microperimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular examination revealed no abnormalities. The overall mean microperimetry sensitivity of the patients (15.75 dB) was not significantly different from that of the controls (16.35 dB). The HVF 10-2 showed a significant difference in the mean deviation of the patients. Conclusions and Message: Microperimetry was not more revealing than HVF 10-2 and SD-OCT. Larger studies are required to compare the diagnostic accuracy of screening modalities of retinal toxicity in children on HCQ.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology and Pediatric Rheumatology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El-Fayoumi
authors.forename: Mohamed Karim
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sidky
authors.forename: Ahmed I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hegazy
authors.forename: Huda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marzouk
authors.forename: Rasha M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Eltanamly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine