title: Anterior condylar confluence dural arteriovenous fistula: a rare cause of hoarseness.
abstract: Hoarseness secondary to an anterior condylar confluence (ACC) dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) has not been previously described. We present a 58-year-old patient with a 3-week history of progressive unilateral left-sided headaches and hoarseness. Nasolaryngoscopy and CT neck showed the presence of unilateral vocal cord palsy with no identifiable cause along the expected course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. MRI revealed an incidental finding of abnormal serpiginous vessels in the left hypoglossal canal which led to a diagnostic cerebral angiogram, confirming the presence of an ACC DAVF. The patient underwent transvenous coil embolisation with subsequent resolution of arteriovenous shunting and symptoms. Follow-up MRI at 6 months showed no recurrence and there was complete resolution of clinical symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.|Department of Diagnostic Radiology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ghim Song
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-2753
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Winston Eng Hoe
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged