title: Deep melting reveals liquid structural memory and anomalous ferromagnetism in bismuth.
abstract: As an archetypal semimetal with complex and anisotropic Fermi surface and unusual electric properties (e.g., high electrical resistance, large magnetoresistance, and giant Hall effect), bismuth (Bi) has played a critical role in metal physics. In general, Bi displays diamagnetism with a high volumetric susceptibility ([Formula: see text]10-4). Here, we report unusual ferromagnetism in bulk Bi samples recovered from a molten state at pressures of 1.4-2.5 GPa and temperatures above [Formula: see text]1,250 K. The ferromagnetism is associated with a surprising structural memory effect in the molten state. On heating, low-temperature Bi liquid (L) transforms to a more randomly disordered high-temperature liquid (L') around 1,250 K. By cooling from above 1,250 K, certain structural characteristics of liquid L' are preserved in L. Bi clusters with characteristics of the liquid L' motifs are further preserved through solidification into the Bi-II phase across the pressure-independent melting curve, which may be responsible for the observed ferromagnetism.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60439; wang@cars.uchicago.edu gshen@carnegiescience.edu.
authors.forename: Yanbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, IL 60439 wang@cars.uchicago.edu gshen@carnegiescience.edu.
authors.forename: Guoyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, IL 60439.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Julong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Zhongyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
keywords: bismuth; ferromagnetism; high pressure; melt structure