title: Mechanical Resistance to Shear Stress: The Role of Echinoderm Egg Extracellular Layers.
abstract: Extracellular layers (jelly coats) on echinoderm eggs are composed of a fibrous network imbedded in a gelatinous material. This type of fibrous network has the potential to protect eggs from mechanical stress. To determine the effects of shear stress and the role of jelly coats in protecting eggs from these stresses, eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, both with and without intact jelly coats, were exposed to shear stresses ranging from 0.3 to 2 Pa in a cone and plate viscometer. The percentage of eggs remaining intact after exposure to the shear stress was assessed. The results indicate that shear stress can damage eggs and that jelly coats may play a role in decreasing the effects of these stresses. Eggs with jelly coats remained intact and fertilizable at greater shear stresses than those with the coats removed. This is the first evidence that extracellular layers on invertebrate eggs can provide protection from mechanical forces.
authors.forename: F I M
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zande