title: Modulation of linoleic acid-binding properties of human serum albumin by divalent metal cations.
abstract: Human serum albumin (HSA) is an abundant multiligand carrier protein, linked to progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood HSA serves as a depot of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ peptide-buffering properties of HSA depend on interaction with its ligands. Some of the ligands, namely, linoleic acid (LA), zinc and copper ions are involved into AD progression. To clarify the interplay between LA and metal ion binding to HSA, the dependence of LA binding to HSA on Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+and Ca2+levels and structural consequences of these interactions have been explored. Seven LA molecules are bound per HSA molecule in the absence of the metal ions. Zn2+binding to HSA causes a loss of one bound LA molecule, while the other metals studied exert an opposite effect (1-2 extra LA molecules are bound). In most cases, the observed effects are not related to the metal-induced changes in HSA quaternary structure. However, the Zn2+-induced decline in LA capacity of HSA could be due to accumulation of multimeric HSA forms. Opposite to Ca2+/Mg2+-binding, Zn2+or Cu2+association with HSA induces marked changes in its hydrophobic surface. Overall, the divalent metal ions modulate LA capacity and affinity of HSA to a different extent. LA- and Ca2+-binding to HSA synergistically support each other. Zn2+and Cu2+induce more pronounced changes in hydrophobic surface and quaternary structure of HSA and its LA capacity. A misbalanced metabolism of these ions in AD could modify interactions of HSA with LA, other fatty acids and hydrophobic substances, associated with AD.
authors.affiliation: Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Ekaterina L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nemashkalova
authors.affiliation: Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Science av., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Permyakov
authors.affiliation: Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Science av., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Sergei E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Permyakov
authors.affiliation: Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290. ealitus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ekaterina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Litus
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D012709:Serum Albumin; D003300:Copper; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Linoleic acid; Metal cations; Metal-protein interaction; Protein-lipid interaction; Serum albumin