title: Use of imaging techniques to identify efficient controlled release systems of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during in vitro digestion.
abstract: Matrix composition plays a crucial role in the controlled release of viable and functional bacteria in the intestine. Imaging tools such as electronic and confocal microscopies were used in this work to investigate the influence of matrix composition on matrix integrity and porosity, bacterial spatial distribution and viability during simulated in vitro digestion. L. rhamnosus GG was encapsulated in matrices having different casein/whey protein ratios. The formulation with a casein/whey ratio of 60/40 presented a porous weak gel structure that resulted in its fast disintegration in gastric media showing the presence of dead bacteria in the intestine. For the formulation with a casein/whey ratio of 100/0, the matrix was dense with a strong gel structure. At the end of the intestine, total disintegration of microparticles was not achieved and bacteria were still embedded in the matrix instead of being liberated. Only the intermediate formulation (casein/whey-80/20) permitted a good bacterial protection in the stomach and release of viable bacteria during intestinal digestion.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, LIBio, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, 2, av de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. claire.gaiani@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guerin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgain
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Bhesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desobry
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaiani
mesh_terms: D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004063:Digestion; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D050296:Microbial Viability; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008954:Models, Biological; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000067816:Whey Proteins