title: Implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for myopia and hyperopia - long-term clinical outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term refractive outcomes of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation and late postoperative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed outcomes of patients who underwent ICL implantation (type ICM V4 for myopia, ICH V3 for hyperopia, TICM V4 for astigmatism) in our department between 1998 and 2013. It comprised 62 eyes (40 myopic and 22 hyperopic). The average follow-up period was 10.5 years. We evaluated: uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), ICL vault, endothelial cell density and late postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In myopes, the average UCVA was 1.0±0.37 and BCVA 1.18±0.38, in hyperopes 0.78±0.19 and 1.14±0.18, respectively. The average SE in myopes, whose target refraction was emmetropia, was -0.6±0.83 Dsf, in hyperopes +0.73±0.93. Central ICL vault was 206.16μm±105.94, (range 10-427) in myopes, 195.5μm±109.09, (range 20-404) in hyperopes. The most common late postoperative complication was cataract formation. Three myopic eyes (7.5%) developed symptomatic anterior subcapsular opacities with loss of at least two lines of BCVA. Cataract significantly affecting visual acuity occurred in 5 myopic eyes (12.5%) and 2 hyperopic eyes (9.09%). In these eyes, ICL removal and cataract surgery was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, ICL implantation in moderate and high ametropia was effective and relatively safe. The most common late complication was cataract formation. This complication can be managed effectively surgically with good refractive outcomes without loss of BCVA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: hana.kocova7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kocová
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vlková
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michalcová
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17, Listopadu 15, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Motyka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D054120:Phakic Intraocular Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chirurgie réfractive; ICL; Implant phaque intra-oculaire de chambre postérieure; Implantable collamer lens; Implantable collamer lens (ICL); Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens; Refractive surgery