title: Genetics of Lipid and Lipoprotein Disorders and Traits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plasma lipids, namely cholesterol and triglyceride, and lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein, serve numerous physiological roles. Perturbed levels of these traits underlie monogenic dyslipidemias, a diverse group of multisystem disorders. We are on the verge of having a relatively complete picture of the human dyslipidemias and their components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent advances in genetics of plasma lipids and lipoproteins include the following: (1) expanding the range of genes causing monogenic dyslipidemias, particularly elevated LDL cholesterol; (2) appreciating the role of polygenic effects in such traits as familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia; (3) accumulating a list of common variants that determine plasma lipids and lipoproteins; (4) applying exome sequencing to identify collections of rare variants determining plasma lipids and lipoproteins that via Mendelian randomization have also implicated gene products such asNPC1L1,APOC3,LDLR,APOA5, andANGPTL4as causal for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; and (5) using naturally occurring genetic variation to identify new drug targets, including inhibitors of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, apo(a), ANGPTL3, and ANGPTL4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we compile this disparate range of data linking human genetic variation to plasma lipids and lipoproteins, providing a "one stop shop" for the interested reader.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 4288A - 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada.
authors.forename: Jacqueline S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dron
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 4288A - 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
keywords: Atherosclerosis; DNA variants; Dyslipidemia; Monogenic; Polygenic