title: Epitaxial lift-off of electrodeposited single-crystal gold foils for flexible electronics.
abstract: We introduce a simple and inexpensive procedure for epitaxial lift-off of wafer-size flexible and transparent foils of single-crystal gold using silicon as a template. Lateral electrochemical undergrowth of a sacrificial SiOxlayer was achieved by photoelectrochemically oxidizing silicon under light irradiation. A 28-nanometer-thick gold foil with a sheet resistance of 7 ohms per square showed only a 4% increase in resistance after 4000 bending cycles. A flexible organic light-emitting diode based on tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) that was spin-coated on a foil exploited the transmittance and flexibility of the gold foil. Cuprous oxide as an inorganic semiconductor that was epitaxially electrodeposited onto the gold foils exhibited a diode quality factornof 1.6 (wheren= 1.0 for an ideal diode), compared with a value of 3.1 for a polycrystalline deposit. Zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited epitaxially on a gold foil also showed flexibility, with the nanowires intact up to 500 bending cycles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Naveen K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9985-4257
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mahenderkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Qingzhi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8636-8380
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Ying-Chau
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5450-3047
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7192-7653
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Duchild
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9546-4059
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofheins
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3377-2691
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chason
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA. jswitzer@mst.edu.
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7332-4634
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Switzer