title: Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Effect of Caffeine on the Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by Rotenone.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of caffeine on rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rats were divided into control, PD model induced by rotenone (1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 45 days), protected group injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and rotenone for 45 days (during the development of PD model), and treated group injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 45 days after induction of PD model. The data revealed a state of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the midbrain and the striatum of animal model of PD as indicated from the increased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels and the decreased reduced glutathione level and activities of glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. Rotenone induced a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-α level in the midbrain and the striatum. Protection and treatment with caffeine ameliorated the oxidative stress and the changes in acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities induced by rotenone in the midbrain and the striatum. This was associated with improvement in the histopathological changes induced in the two areas of PD model. Caffeine protection and treatment restored the depletion of midbrain and striatal dopamine induced by rotenone and prevented decline in motor activities (assessed by open field test) and muscular strength (assessed by traction and hanging tests) and improved norepinephrine level in the two areas. The present study showed that caffeine offered a significant neuroprotection and treatment against neurochemical, histopathological, and behavioral changes in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD.
authors.affiliation: a Medical Physiology Department , Medical Division, National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasser A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Khadrawy
authors.affiliation: b Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: a Medical Physiology Department , Medical Division, National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Karima A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: El-Shamy
authors.affiliation: b Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Emad K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: a Medical Physiology Department , Medical Division, National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Nevein N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Fadl
authors.affiliation: a Medical Physiology Department , Medical Division, National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Hosny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D012402:Rotenone; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014475:Uncoupling Agents
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D012402:Rotenone; D002110:Caffeine; D005978:Glutathione; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Parkinson's disease; caffeine; dopamine; locomotor activity; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress