title: The Profile of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Endovascular Interventions for Peripheral Arterial Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease. We aimed to document the profile of circulating MMPs in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients undergoing lower limb endovascular revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 patients (37 male; mean age 66 ± 11 years) undergoing elective lower limb percutaneous revascularization (angioplasty/stent) for symptomatic PAD were recruited from 2 vascular centers. Exclusion criteria were: acute limb ischemia, active infection and/or wet gangrene, liver disease, end-stage renal disease, and cancer. Patients having open revascularization or hybrid (open combined with endovascular) procedures were also excluded. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken on admission and 24 hrs after the procedure. Levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were measured along with tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) 1 and 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to baseline values, there was a significant elevation in serum MMP-3 (P = 0.014) and MMP-7 (P = 0.008) levels, whereas serum MMP-9 showed a nonsignificant trend to increase (P = 0.169). On the other hand, no significant alterations were found 24 hrs after angioplasty/stenting with regard to the MMP-2 level and TIMP-1 and 2 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documented the periprocedural profile of circulating MMPs in patients undergoing angioplasty/stenting for PAD. The implications of increased MMP-3 and MMP-7 activity after peripheral endovascular interventions and their potential clinical relevance require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: The Fifth Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioakeim T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Giagtzidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Kadoglou
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mantas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytopathology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spathis
authors.affiliation: The Fifth Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Papazoglou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytopathology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karakitsos
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Liapis
authors.affiliation: The Fifth Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: ckarkos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Christos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Karkos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000097:blood; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9