title: Comparison of Butorphanol and Fentanyl for the Relief of Postoperative Shivering Associated with Spinal Anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare fentanyl and butorphanol for the relief of postoperative shivering in spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Class I and II patients aged 19-60 years belonging to both sexes who were posted for elective surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups (fentanyl and butorphanol) and monitored intraoperatively for the occurrence of shivering and time taken to control shivering after administration of fentanyl and butorphanol drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relief of shivering is rapid and more effective with fentanyl than butorphanol. There is a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), and decreased in oxygen saturation at the onset of shivering and also a decrease in core body temperature. Sedation, nausea, vomiting, and recurrence of shivering are more with butorphanol with fentanyl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the study, it is concluded that fentanyl is more effective and takes less time to control perioperative shivering as compared to butorphanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, NRI Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Venkata Sesha Sai Krishna
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, NRI Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Srinivasa Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gondi
keywords: Butorphanol; fentanyl; shivering; spinal anesthesia