title: The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among People with Type 2 Diabetes in the Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: The cooccurrence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome potentiates the cardiovascular risk associated with each of the conditions; therefore characterizing metabolic syndrome among people with type 2 diabetes is beneficial for the purpose of cardiovascular disease prevention. This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among 162 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetic clinic of the Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana. Data obtained included anthropometric indices, blood pressure, serum lipids, glucose, and sociodemographics and clinical information. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study population was 43.83%, 63.58%, and 69.14% using the NCEP-ATP III, the WHO, and the IDF criteria, respectively. The most predominant component among the study population was high blood pressure using the NCEP-ATP III (108 (66.67%)) and WHO (102 (62.96)) criteria and abdominal obesity (112 (69.14%)) for IDF criteria. High blood pressure was the most prevalent component among the males while abdominal obesity was the principal component among the females. In this population with type 2 diabetes, high prevalence of metabolic syndrome exists. Gender vulnerability to metabolic syndrome and multiple cluster components were skewed towards the female subpopulation with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: James
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7982-5707
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osei-Yeboah
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diagnostic Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: William K B A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8920-1284
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Owiredu
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: Gameli Kwame
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0623-2032
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Norgbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: Sylvester
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1628-0735
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao Lokpo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: Jones
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3785-9487
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gyamfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4533-6758
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alote Allotey
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: Romeo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0214-2761
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asumbasiya Aduko
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Department, Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2254-938X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noagbe
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Clinic, Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
authors.forename: Florence A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6813-7228
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Attah