title: Pathological analysis of children with childhood central nervous system infection based on changes in chemokines and interleukin-17 family cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, the pathologies of acute meningitis and encephalopathy were investigated, and biomarkers useful as prognostic indices were searched for.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 31 children with meningitis, 30 with encephalopathy, and 12 with convulsions following gastroenteritis. Control group consisted of 24 children with non-central nervous system infection. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemokines significantly increased in the bacterial meningitis group compared with those in viral meningitis and encephalopathy groups. On comparison of interleukin(IL)-17, it increased in cases with status epilepticus in influenza-associated encephalopathy group. In the rotavirus encephalopathy and convulsions following gastroenteritis groups, IL-17 particularly increased in the convulsions following gastroenteritis group. IL-8 increased in all cases irrespective of the causative virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the encephalopathy group, IL-8 may serve as a neurological prognostic index. IL-17 was increased in the convulsions following gastroenteritis group, particularly in cases with status epilepticus, suggesting its involvement as a convulsion-related factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-9808
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D020381:Interleukin-17
keywords: chemokine; encephalopathy; interleukin-17; meningitis