title: Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance.
abstract: Total serum magnesium (Mg) concentration (SMC) is commonly used to assess Mg status. This study reports current SMCs of Canadians and their associations with demographic factors, diabetes, and measures of glycemic control and insulin resistance using results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 3 (2012-2013). Associations were examined in adults aged 20-79 years using linear mixed models. Mean SMCs and percentile distributions for 11 sex-age groups between 3 and 79 years (n= 5561) are reported. SMCs were normally distributed and differences (p< 0.05) among sex and age groups were small. Between 9.5% and 16.6% of adult sex-age groups had a SMC below the lower cut-off of a population-based reference interval (0.75-0.955 mmol·L-1) established in the United States population as part of the NHANES I conducted in 1971-1974. Having diabetes was associated with 0.04 to 0.07 mmol·L-1lower SMC compared to not having diabetes in the various models. Body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose and insulin concentrations, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were negatively associated with SMC. This is the first study to report SMCs in a nationally representative sample of the Canadian population. A substantial proportion of Canadians are hypomagnesaemic in relation to a population-based reference interval, and SMC was negatively associated with diabetes and indices of glycemic control and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. jesse.bertinato@hc-sc.gc.ca.|Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. jesse.bertinato@hc-sc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertinato
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. kuan.chiao.wang@hc-sc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Kuan Chiao
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. stephen.hayward@hc-sc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Canada; diabetes; glycemic regulation; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; serum magnesium concentration