title: Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among Chinese ethnic women in southern of Yunnan, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dai is a major Chinese ethnic minority group residing in rural areas of the southern part of Yunnan. However, no data exist on the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution among Dai women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 793 participants (Dai=324, Han=251, other ethnic=218) were included in this study. PCR was performed to detect the HPV-positive samples, and genotyping was performed with an HPV Geno-Array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall HPV prevalence was very low among Dai women compared to the others. The prevalence of high-risk-HPV infections was significantly higher (p=0.001) among other ethnic women (22.0%) than that among Han (13.1%) and Dai women (7.1%). The overall HPV, high-risk-HPV, single and multiple infection prevalence among rural women were 12.9%, 12.1%, 12.3%, and 0.5%, respectively. HPV-16 (5.5%) was shown to be the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV-52 (2.6%) and HPV-58 (2.4%). Urban women had relatively higher rates of overall HPV (16.0%), high-risk-HPV (14.1%), single genotype (11.9%), and multiple genotype (4.1%) infections. In urban women, HPV-52 (3.6%) was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV-39 (2.7%) and HPV-16 (1.2%). In the urban area, HPV prevalence was highest in women aged <29 years, but declined with increasing age. However, in rural women, the highest HPV prevalence was observed among women at older age (>50 years). Education and smoking habit were significantly associated with HPV infection among both rural and urban area women (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV varied among ethnic women in urban and rural area of Yunnan Province.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zulqarnain
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Baloch
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nafeesa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasmeen
authors.affiliation: Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Qingdao University, Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: yangsh@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shi-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, China. Electronic address: oliverxia2000@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xueshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: China; Dai; Genotypes; HPV; Prevalence; Rural; Urban