title: Effects of Synbiotic2000™ Forte on the Intestinal Motility and Interstitial Cells of Cajal in TBI Mouse Model.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Synbiotic2000™ Forte on the intestinal motility and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model. Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group), enteral nutrition group with TBI (E group), and Synbiotic2000™ Forte group with TBI (P group). The contractile activity of the intestinal smooth muscle, densities and ultrastructure of the ICC, kit protein concentration, weight, and defecation of mice were monitored and analyzed. TBI markedly suppressed contractile activity of the intestinal smooth muscle (P < 0.01), which led to a reduction of defecation (P < 0.01) and weight (P < 0.01). However, application of Synbiotic2000™ Forte significantly improved contractile activity of the small intestine (P < 0.01), which may be related to protective effects to the interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, and enteric neurons. TBI impaired ICC networks and densities (P < 0.01), events that were protected by the application of Synbiotic2000™ Forte. Synbiotic2000™ Forte may attenuate TBI-mediated inhibition of the kit protein pathway. Synbiotic2000™ Forte may improve intestinal motility and protect the ICC in the TBI mouse. These findings provide a novel support for the application of Synbiotic2000™ Forte in intestinal motility disturbance after TBI.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China.|School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, E16 2SE, UK. stig@bengmark.se.
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bengmark
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China. zhujingci2009@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingci
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D056885:Interstitial Cells of Cajal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D058616:Synbiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
keywords: Contractile activity; Intestinal cells of Cajal; Synbiotics; Traumatic brain injury