title: Metabolic syndrome in Finnish women 7 years after a gestational diabetes prevention trial.
abstract: Risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MeS) after delivery is high among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but little is known about development of MeS among women with risk factors for GDM during pregnancy. In the present study, we studied the prevalence of MeS 7 years postpartum among women with GDM risk factors during pregnancy, women with early GDM diagnosis and women without GDM risk factors. We also analysed the early pregnancy risk factors associated with MeS.
  
  
  
  A Finnish cluster randomised controlled GDM prevention trial was conducted in 2007-2009. The prevalence of MeS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria was determined in the follow-up study 7 years after original trial. Eligible participants (n=289) in 4 study groups (intervention (n=83) and usual care (n=87) with GDM risk factors; early GDM (n=51), and healthy control without GDM risk factors (n=68)) were evaluated for MeS. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyse risk factors associated with MeS.
  
  
  
  7 years postpartum, the MeS prevalence was 14% (95% CI 8% to 25%) in the intervention group; 15% (CI 8% to 25%) in the usual care group; 50% (CI 35% to 65%) in the early GDM group and 7% (CI 2% to 18%) in the healthy control group. OR for MeS in women with GDM risk factors did not differ from the healthy control group. Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted OR for MeS was 9.18 (CI 1.82 to 46.20) in the early GDM group compared with the healthy control group. Increased prepregnancy BMI was associated with MeS (OR, 1.17, CI 1.08 to 1.28, adjusted for group).
  
  
  
  Increased prepregnancy BMI and early GDM diagnosis were the strongest risk factors for developing MeS 7 years postpartum. Overweight and obese women and especially those with early GDM should be monitored and counselled for cardiometabolic risk factors after delivery.
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Jatta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puhkala
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.|School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raitanen
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kolu
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Pipsa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Pauliina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Husu
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.|School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Metabolic syndrome; follow-up; gestational diabetes; postpartum; pregnancy; women