title: Nanotechnology for the treatment of melanoma skin cancer.
abstract: Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has very high rates of mortality. An early stage melanoma can be surgically removed, with a survival rate of 99%. This literature review intends to elucidate the possibilities to treat melanoma skin cancer using hybrid nanofibers developed by advanced electrospinning process. In this review we have shown that the enhanced permeability and retention is the basis for using nanotechnology, aiming topical drug delivery. The importance of the detection of skin cancer in the early stages is directly related to non-metastatic effects and survival rates of melanoma cells. Inhibitors of protein kinase are already available in the market for melanoma treatment and are approved by the FDA; these agents are cobimetinib, dabrafenib, ipilimumab, nivolumab, trametinib, and vemurafenib. We also report a case study involving two different approaches for targeting melanoma skin cancer therapy, namely, magnetic-based core-shell particles and electrospun mats.
authors.affiliation: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil.|Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lucas B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Naves
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chetna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dhand
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jayarama Reddy
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lakshminarayanan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rajamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.|Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Seeram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.affiliation: Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. lalmeida@det.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almeida
keywords: Chemotherapy; Drug delivery systems; Kinase inhibitors; Skin cancer therapy; Topical delivery