title: Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles for a non-invasive photothermal ablation of lung tumor in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In our previous work, we have extensively evaluated the physiochemical characteristics of Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs; 15-18nm) and reported their effectiveness in stopping the tumor initiation via inhibiting the pre-neoplastic lesions in liver.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The rationale of this study is to detect the efficiency of using GA-AuNPs in photothermal application as a non-invasive technique against lung tumor. We investigated the cytotoxicity of GA-AuNPs on A549 cells, and then studied their apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, lipid peroxidation and anti-neovascular effect in in vivo model using a chemically-induced lung cancer in mice. The histopathological changes due to GA-AuNPs were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presence of laser irradiation, GA-AuNPs had a considerable cytotoxicity against A549 cells. The treatment of lung tumor-bearing mice with GA-AuNPs followed by laser exposure enhanced the apoptotic pathway and this was obvious from the histopathological investigations and the elevations in cytochrome-c, death receptor 5 and the subsequent upregulation of caspase-3, we also reported a significant reduction in the levels of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α and the angiogenesis inducer VEGF. An induction of lipid peroxidation was also reported upon treatment with either GA or GA-AuNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA-AuNPs showed no cytotoxicity in the absence of light, however the combination of GA-AuNPs with laser induced cell death in lung tumor tissues with a reduction in the inflammation and angiogenesis together with an elevation in lipid peroxidation, suggesting the potential use of these functionalized nanoparticles as a promising photothermal non-invasive treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: aeldeen7@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amira M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gamal-Eldeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moustafa
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherien M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: El-Daly
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona A M
authors.initials: MAM
authors.lastname: Abo-Zeid
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Menka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khoobchandani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katti
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Health Innovation Research Institute, RMIT University, Australia.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Kattesh V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Katti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006046:Gold; D006170:Gum Arabic
keywords: Apoptosis; Gold nanoparticles; Gum Arabic; Lung cancer; Photothermal ablation