title: Mesoderm differentiation in explants of carp embryos.
abstract: An analysis of carp blastoderm development was carried out in culture after isolation from the yolk cell and its yolk syncytial layer (YSL). The blastoderms were separated from the YSL at four different stages of embryogenesis: the blastula, early epiboly, early gastrula and late gastrula stages. Absence of the YSL in explants was checked by scanning electron microscopy. From observations of living embryos and histological examination of tissues which were formed in explants from all stages studied it was observed that they contained notochordal, muscle and neural tissue as signs of dorsal types of differentiation. Only in explants from the early and late gastrula stages were histotypical tissues organized in an embryonic-like body pattern. The data indicate that mesoderm differentiation in fish embryos is independent from the YSL, contrary to normal pattern formation which needs the presence of the YSL before the onset of gastrulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-4, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bozhkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, P.O. Box 318, NL-6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geertruy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Te Kronnie
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, P.O. Box 318, NL-6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucy P M
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Timmermans
keywords: Cyprinus carpio; Explants; Fish development; Mesoderm differentiation