title: Relationships between circadian measures, depression, and response to antidepressant treatment: A preliminary investigation.
abstract: Few studies have examined relationships between circadian rhythms and unipolar major depressive disorder. Further, no study to date has examined circadian markers as predictors of response to depression treatment. In the present study, we examined associations between circadian timing and its alignment with sleep and depression severity in 30 adults with major depressive disorder who completed a randomized controlled trial of two weeks of time in bed (TIB) restriction administered adjunctive to fluoxetine, with a focus on sex differences. Thirty adults with major depressive disorder received 8 weeks of fluoxetine 20-40 mgs and were randomized to 8h TIB or 6h TIB for the first 2 weeks. Participants in the 6h TIB condition were further randomized to a delayed bedtime or advanced risetime group. Circadian measures included dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and the difference between DLMO and midsleep point (i.e., phase angle difference). Depression was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. For females, a phase delay after 2 weeks of fluoxetine and the experimental TIB manipulation was associated with a poorer response to fluoxetine, and depression severity was negatively correlated with phase angle difference, whereas males showed a positive correlation between depression severity and phase angle difference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: LMSwan@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Leslie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Helen J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Huntley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Holli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zollars
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dopp
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Roseanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todd Arnedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: Antidepressant; Circadian; Depression; Melatonin; Phase; Phase angle difference; Sleep