title: Partitioning of14C-labeled photosynthate to allelochemicals and primary metabolites in source and sink leaves of aspen: evidence for secondary metabolite turnover.
abstract: Theories on allelochemical concentrations in plants are often based upon the relative carbon costs and benefits of multiple metabolic fractions. Tests of these theories often rely on measuring metabolite concentrations, but frequently overlook priorities in carbon partitioning. We conducted a pulse-labeling experiment to follow the partitioning of14CO2-labeled photosynthate into ten metabolic pools representing growth and maintenance (amino acids, organic acids, lipids plus pigments, protein, residue), defense (phenolic glycosides, methanol:water and acetone-soluble tannins/phenolics), and transport and storage (sugars and starch) in source and importing sink leaves of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). The peak period of14C incorporation into sink leaves occurred at 24 h. Within 48 h of labeling, the specific radioactivity (dpm/mg dry leaf weight) of phenolic glycosides declined by over one-third in source and sink leaves. In addition, the specific radioactivity in the tannin/phenolic fraction decreased by 53% and 28% in source and sink leaves, respectively. On a percent recovery basis, sink leaves partitioned 1.7 times as much labeled photosynthate into phenolic glycosides as source leaves at peak14C incorporation. In contrast, source leaves partitioned 1.8 times as much14C-labeled photosynthate into tannins/phenolics as importing sink leaves. At the end of the 7-day chase period, sink leaves retained 18%, 52%, and 30% of imported14C photosynthate, and labeled source leaves retained 15%, 66%, and 19% of in situ photosynthate in metabolic fractions representing transport and storage, growth and maintenance, and defense, respectively. Analyses of the phenolic fractions showed that total phenolics were twice as great and condensed tannins were 1.7 times greater in sink than in source leaves. The concentration of total phenolics and condensed tannins did not change in source and sink leaves during the 7-day chase period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, , , , , , US.
authors.forename: Karl W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, , , , , , US.
authors.forename: Kenneth F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Raffa
authors.affiliation: USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, , , , , , US.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dickson
keywords: Aspen; Key words Phenolic glycosides; Metabolic turnover; Phenolics; Plant chemical defense