title: A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation.
abstract: Ginsenosides are used as existing markers of red ginseng (RG) quality, and ginsenoside ratios are also indicative of the different components of red ginseng. For the analysis and classification of ginsenoside content, red ginseng was separated into three parts, namely, main roots, lateral roots, and fine roots, and each extract was subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) with multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear discrimination between the extracts of main roots and fine roots and suggested discrimination markers (four for the main roots and five for the fine roots). The fine root markers were identified as ginsenoside. We identified two markers for the main roots of red ginseng in this study. Moreover, the contents of 22 ginsenosides were analyzed in all three components of red ginseng. Fine roots have the highest protopanaxadiol (PPD)/protopanaxatriol (PPT) ratio. The PPD group of ginsenosides, which is quantitatively dominant in fine roots, clearly distinguishes the main roots from the other parts.
authors.affiliation: Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 305-805, Korea. 20109042@kgc.co.kr.
authors.forename: Gyo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: In
authors.affiliation: Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 305-805, Korea. gakaga@kgc.co.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 305-805, Korea. 20100288@kgc.co.kr.
authors.forename: Hee-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 305-805, Korea. khjang@kgc.co.kr.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000032:analysis*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D012502:Sapogenins; C081552:protopanaxatriol; C062916:protopanaxadiol
keywords: Panax ginseng; metabolomics; red ginseng (RG); ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS)