title: Altered helper T cell-mediated immune responses in male mice conceived through in vitro fertilization.
abstract: A study using a mouse IVF model was conducted to examine the hypothesis that in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment may lead to immune system alteration in the offspring. Phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen, alloantigen, and purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium bovis were investigated in the splenocytes of BCG-treated male mice conceived by IVF or natural conception. Intracellular expression of T-bet and GATA3 in helper T-cell population were examined in both groups. Moreover, the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 along with BCG-specific levels of IgG1 and IgG2a were assessed by ELISA. In comparison with naturally-conceived mice, PPD-specific proliferative response and T-bet/GATA3 ratio were significantly decreased in IVF-conceived mice. Moreover, IVF-conceived mice exhibited marked decreases in IFN-γ/IL-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios. Results indicate that in comparison with male mice conceived by natural conception, IVF counterparts exhibit less efficient immune responses against BCG through further promotion of Th2 responses.
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Hiwa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Pooya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fakhari
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Faryabi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Banafshi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Electronic address: Farfath@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fardin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Research and Development, Asian Jivan Teb Science-based Company, Sanandaj, Iran. Electronic address: mokarizadeh.a@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokarizadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; C000611649:IFNG protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016685:Mitomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: IVF-conceived mouse; Immune response; Naturally-conceived mouse