title: Competitive interactions limiting the number of species in rock pools: experiments with Sigara nigrolineata.
abstract: Rock-pool corixids (Hemiptera) Arctocorisa carinata and Callicorixa producta were excluded from small rock pools. First-stage larvae of Sigara nigrolineata, separately or together with larvae of either of the rock-pool species, were then introduced daily at a rate simulating reproduction by typical populations. In all three treatments, the survival of S. nigrolineata larvae was high at the beginning of experiment, 0.39-0.83 between the 1st and 5th stages, but later high mortality was observed. C. producta adults tended to invade experimental rock pools and towards the end of the experiment larvae of this species were dominant. Oviposition rates and developmental rates of the three species are comparable. In laboratory tests, young larvae of S. nigrolineata were more vulnerable to interspecific predation than those of the rock-pool species, and older larvae proved to be less efficient predators. In rock pools, there are no environmental factors preventing successful reproduction by S. nigrolineata. However, competition and predation by the two other rock-pool species seem to prevent successful reproduction. Dispersal in S. nigrolineata is too slow for efficient colonization of rapidly changing rock-pool environments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, SF-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: V Ilmari
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Pajunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, SF-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Irmeli
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pajunen
keywords: Competitive exclusion; Corixidae; Field experiments; Intra-guild predation; Rock pools