title: Phylogeny, classification and diversity of Choreotrichia and Oligotrichia (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea).
abstract: Ciliated protists in the subclasses Choreotrichia and Oligotrichia are major components of marine plankton. Despite their ecological relevance, there are uncertainties in their systematics and diversity. We retrieved and curated all the GenBank ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences from these groups, which were analyzed in two ways. The first approach was based on morphologically-identified sequences (including those of two families and six genera newly studied here by single-cell sequencing), and aimed at improving phylogenetic inferences using concatenated sequences of three rDNA loci. Based on phylogenetic and morphological support, we update the taxonomic classification of these subclasses into 23 families, including the re-established Favellidae. We also propose an informal naming system for incertae sedis taxa, namely Tintinnopsis and five related genera that are spread among eleven lineages. The second approach included unidentified environmental sequences, and was used to explore potentially novel diversity in these subclasses. Our results support high proportions of both synonyms in tintinnids and uncharacterized taxa in choreotrichids and oligotrichs. One previously unidentified, environmental clade is here linked to our new Leegaardiellidae sequences. Our curation of almost 4000 rDNA sequences exemplifies known issues of public repositories, and suggests caution in both the use and contribution to these unique resources for evolutionary and diversity studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA. Electronic address: luciana.santoferrara@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Luciana F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Santoferrara
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; Instituto Antártico Argentino, Dirección Nacional del Antártico, Buenos Aires C1010AAZ, Argentina.
authors.forename: Viviana V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: McManus
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010933:Plankton / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: Ciliate; Environmental sequencing; Protist; Sequence curation; Single-cell sequencing; Tintinnid