title: Short-term air pollution exposure aggravates Parkinson's disease in a population-based cohort.
abstract: Increasing experimental evidence has suggested air pollution as new risk factor for neurological disease. Although long-term exposure is reportedly related to neurological disease, information on association with short-term exposure is scarce. We examined the association of short-term exposure to particles <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) with PD aggravation in Seoul from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, Korea during 2002-2013. PD aggravation cases were defined as emergency hospital admissions for primarily diagnosed PD and analyzed with a case-crossover analysis, designed for rare acute outcomes. Pollutants concentrations on case and control days were compared and effect modifications were explored. A unit increase in 8-day moving average of concentrations was significantly associated with PD aggravation. The association was consistent for PM2.5(odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.61 [1.14-2.29] per 10 μg/m3), NO2(2.35 [1.39-3.97] per 10 ppb), SO2(1.54 [1.11-2.14] per 1 ppb), and CO (1.46 [1.05-2.04] per 0.1 ppm). The associations were stronger in women, patients aged 65-74 years, and cold season, but not significant. In conclusion, short-term air pollution exposure increased risk of PD aggravation, and may cause neurological disease progression in humans.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang-gu Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woojae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Doh Kwan
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Satbyul Estella
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Clara Tammy
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants