title: New in vivo model to analyse the expression of angiogenic genes in the borders of a cleft lip.
abstract: Defects in the fusion of facial buds can result from an anomaly in tissue development or apoptosis, or both. Our working hypothesis was that anomalies in the development of tissues could be caused by a genetic angiogenic defect. Our main objective was to design a reproducible experimental model to study the expression of angiogenic genes in the borders of cleft lips with or without cleft palate. We therefore prospectively studied seven non-syndromic patients, three with a cleft lip (2 right, 1 left), and four with a cleft lip and palate (1 bilateral, 2 right, 1 left), with no CGH (comparative genomic hybridisation) array, who had primary operations to repair their clefts. We also used four controls (cultured fibroblasts from healthy skin samples). The mean (range) age at operation was 44 (13-77) days. We studied the lateral and medial borders histologically and did qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis for gene expression with 22 genes of interest (and two housekeeping genes) involved in cleft lip and angiogenesis. The qPCR analysis found significant (p<0.05) overexpression of eight genes in the medial border and seven in the lateral border, and underexpression of nine genes in the medial, and ten in the lateral border. The difference in expression between the two borders was not significant. This preliminary study has enabled us to develop a new method to analyse the expression of angiogenic genes in the borders of cleft lips.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Hopital Maison Blanche, CHU Reims, 45 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Department of Pediatric Surgery, American Memorial Hospital, CHU Reims, 47 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; EA 3801 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Investigator Local Tender Process-Non Pharmacological Research Protocol AOL 2010 CHU of Reims, France. Electronic address: caroline_francois@icloud.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: François
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, American Memorial Hospital, CHU Reims, 47 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Poli-Merol
authors.affiliation: EA 3801 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tournois
authors.affiliation: EA 3801 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Department of Hematology, Hopital Robert Debré, CHU Reims, Rue du general Koening, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornillet-Lefebvre
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hygiene, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Rue du general Koening, 51092 Reims, France; EA 4687 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guillard
authors.affiliation: EA 3801 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Hopital Maison Blanche, 45 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Djerada
authors.affiliation: EA 3801 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Genetics Department, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU Reims, 45 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doco Fenzy
authors.affiliation: EA 3801 Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, SFR CAP santé Reims-Amiens, 41 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Department of Hematology, Hopital Robert Debré, CHU Reims, Rue du general Koening, 51100 Reims, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
keywords: ACPA; Cleft lip; RNA; angiogenesis; expression; gene; qPCR