title: Prevalence and determinants of erectile dysfunction among diabetic patients attending in hospitals of central and northwestern zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among diabetic men varies between 35-90%. Although erectile dysfunction is widespread among men with diabetes, the condition often remains undiagnosed and demands appropriate assessment and prompt treatment. Erectile dysfunction can affect all aspects of a patient's life including physical, emotional, social, sexual, and relationships. The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and determinants of erectile dysfunction among diabetic patients attending hospitals in the Central and Northwest zone of Tigray, Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 male diabetic patients attending five hospitals in the Central and Northwestern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia using systematic random sampling. The data was collected from January 1 - February 30, 2016 and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Correlation and multivariate logistic regression was employed to test associations between independent and outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of study participants was 43.39 years and the mean duration of diabetes diagnosis was 6.22 years. The overall prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 69.9%, with 32.9% suffering from mild, 31.7% moderate, and 5.2% severe erectile dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that erective dysfunction was significantly predicted by old age (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =15.013, CI:3.212-70.166), longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 3.77, CI:1.291-11.051), and lower monthly income (AOR = 0.285, CI:0.132-0.615). No association was found with body mass index, co-morbidity, glycemic control, and alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of erective dysfunction in this study population was very high. Age, income, and duration of diabetes were the independent predictors of erectile dysfunction. Nearly all of the patients in the sample (97%) had not been screened or treated for erectile dysfunction. Assessment and management of erectile dysfunction in the diabetic clinic should be part of routine medical care during follow-up visits with diabetic patients. Healthcare providers should put an emphasis on screening and treating older patients and those who had a diabetes diagnosis for a longer duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia. sawlayehu@gmail.com.|, Po.box. 1010, Aksum, Ethiopia. sawlayehu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Awole
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-4053
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seid
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Hadgu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gerensea
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Shambel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tarko
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Yosef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zenebe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Nursing, St. Paul Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Rahel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mezemir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Determinants; Diabetes Mellitus; Erectile dysfunction; Ethiopia; Prevalence; Tigray