title: The Effect of Short-Term Dietary Fructose Supplementation on Gastric Emptying Rate and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses in Healthy Men.
abstract: This study aimed to examine gastric emptying rate and gastrointestinal hormone responses to fructose and glucose ingestion following 3 days of dietary fructose supplementation. Using the13C-breath test method, gastric emptying rates of equicaloric fructose and glucose solutions were measured in 10 healthy men with prior fructose supplementation (fructose supplement, FS; glucose supplement, GS) and without prior fructose supplementation (fructose control, FC; glucose control, GC). In addition, circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin (GHR), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and insulin were determined, as well as leptin, lactate, and triglycerides. Increased dietary fructose ingestion resulted in accelerated gastric emptying rate of a fructose solution but not a glucose solution. No differences in GIP, GLP-1, or insulin incremental area under curve (iAUC) were found between control and supplement trials for either fructose or glucose ingestion. However, a trend for lower ghrelin iAUC was observed for FS compared to FC. In addition, a trend of lower GHR concentration was observed at 45 min for FS compared to FC and GHR concentration for GS was greater than GC at 10 min. The accelerated gastric emptying rate of fructose following short-term supplementation with fructose may be partially explained by subtle changes in delayed postprandial ghrelin suppression.
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK. a.yau@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Adora M W
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester M13 9PT, UK. john.mclaughlin@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. R.J.Maughan@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maughan
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK. b.gilmore@mmu.ac.uk.|School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK. b.gilmore@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK. gethin.evans@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gethin H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose
keywords: fructose; fructose supplementation; gastric emptying; gastrointestinal adaptation; gastrointestinal hormones; glucose; sugar ingestion