title: Cytoplasmic Localization of WT1 and Decrease of miRNA-16-1 in Nephrotic Syndrome.
abstract: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a glomerular disease that is defined by the leakage of protein into the urine and is associated with hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients do not respond to treatment with corticosteroids and show decreased Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) expression in podocytes. Downregulation of WT1 has been shown to be affected by certain microRNAs (miRNAs). Twenty-one patients with idiopathic NS (68.75% were SSNS and 31.25% SRNS) and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Podocyte number and WT1 location were determined by immunofluorescence, and the serum levels of miR-15a, miR-16-1, and miR-193a were quantified by RT-qPCR. Low expression and delocalization of WT1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm were found in kidney biopsies of patients with SRNS and both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization were found in steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) patients. In sera from NS patients, low expression levels of miR-15a and miR-16-1 were found compared with healthy controls, but only the miR-16-1 expression levels showed statistically significant decrease (p= 0.019). The miR-193a expression levels only slightly increased in NS patients. We concluded that low expression and delocalization from the WT1 protein in NS patients contribute to loss of podocytes while modulation from WT1 protein is not associated with the miRNAs analyzed in sera from the patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), 66450 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2986-0755
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zapata-Benavides
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), 66450 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico; Laboratorios de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), 98040 Zacatecas, ZAC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1102-6471
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arellano-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), 98040 Zacatecas, ZAC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9767-4834
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bollain-Y-Goytia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), 66450 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Moisés Armides
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0522-6637
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Franco-Molina
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Zacatecas "Luz González Cosío", Ciudad Gobierno, 98160 Zacatecas, ZAC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gloria Azucena
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rangel-Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), 98040 Zacatecas, ZAC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3403-9849
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avalos-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), 98040 Zacatecas, ZAC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6516-1188
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrera-Esparza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), 66450 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Padilla
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D050199:Podocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; C505361:MIRN15 microRNA, human; C505362:MIRN16 microRNA, human; C546818:MIRN193 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D025721:WT1 Proteins; C583751:WT1 protein, human