title: Ileal strangulation by a secondary perineal hernia after laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal resection: A case report.
abstract: We report a recent case of strangulated bowel obstruction due to an incarcerated secondary perineal hernia that developed after laparoscopic rectal resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 75-year-old man undergoing treatment for alcoholic cirrhosis underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection of the rectum (APR) for lower rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Lung metastases were diagnosed 2 months postoperatively. Ten days after chemotherapy initiation, the patient was hospitalized on an emergency basis due to hepatic encephalopathy. Ten days thereafter, we observed perineal skin protrusion. Moreover, the skin disintegrated spontaneously, resulting in ascetic fluid outflow. Pain and fever developed, with inflammatory reactions. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed strangulated small bowel obstruction due to perineal hernia. We performed an emergency surgery, during which we found small intestine wall incarcerated in the pelvic dead space, with thickening and edema; no necrosis or perforation was observed. We performed internal fixation by introducing an ileus tube into the ileocecum and fixing its balloon at the cecal terminus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary perineal hernia is rare and can develop after APR. Its prevalence is likely to increase in future because of the increasing ubiquity of laparoscopic APR, in which no repair of peritoneal stretching to the pelvic floor is performed. However, only two case of secondary perineal hernia causing strangulated bowel obstruction has been reported in the literature. The follow-up evaluation of our procedures and future accumulation of cases will be important in raising awareness of this clinical entity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the pelvic floor and the peritoneum should be repaired.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Kurokawa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomohiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: turita@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Giichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsurita
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
keywords: Abdominoperineal resection; Alcoholic cirrhosis; Internal fixation; Laparoscopic surgery; Perineal hernia; Rectal cancer; Strangulated bowel obstruction