title: Biosynthesis and computational analysis of amine-ended dual thiol ligand functionalized gold nanoparticles for conventional spectroscopy detection of melamine.
abstract: The bio-synthesized DTAuNPs have an average size of 21nm. The aggregation extent depends on the concentration of melamine, which was validated by UV-vis spectra and visual method of melamine detection was developed. The major observation in this method was the color change of DTAuNPs from red to purple due to the aggregation of ligand capped gold nanoparticles instigated by melamine. The reaction of color changes were processed due to the shifting of bonding in hydrogen in between nanoparticles and melamine. The aggregation extent depends on the concentration of melamine, which can be validated UV-vis spectra and visual method of detecting melamine is developed. The electron density and conventional UV-vis, FTIR spectroscopy and DFT studies on the ligand was performed using computational methods. The theoretical and experimental data for the energy transitions and the molar extinction coefficients of the ligands studied has been obtained. Further, the ligand capped gold nanoparticles was assessed for cytotoxicity against A549 cells which resulted in significant decrease in cell viability was noted in 50μg/mL DTAu, 4-ATP and AXT treated cells at 2h (85% and 66%) and 6h (83% and 36%) respectively, (p<0.01) were studied and reported in this manuscript.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: organicanand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Thishana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madhumitha
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phulukdaree
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gengan
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: chutur@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chuturgoon
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000588:Amines; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003116:Color; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011580:Psychological Techniques; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D008024:Ligands; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014227:Triazines; D006046:Gold; C011907:melamine
keywords: DTAuNPs; Dual ligand; Gaussian 09™; Hydrogen bond; MTT assay; Melamine