title: Design of a Wireless Medical Capsule for Measuring the Contact Pressure Between a Capsule and the Small Intestine.
abstract: A wireless medical capsule for measuring the contact pressure between a mobile capsule and the small intestine lumen was developed. Two pressure sensors were used to measure and differentiate the contact pressure and the small intestine intraluminal pressure. After in vitro tests of the capsule, it was surgically placed and tested in the proximal small intestine of a pig model. The capsule successfully gathered and transmitted the pressure data to a receiver outside the body. The measured pressure signals in the animal test were analyzed in the time and frequency domains, and a mathematic model was presented to describe the different factors influencing the contact pressure. A novel signal processing method was applied to isolate the contraction information from the contact pressure. The result shows that the measured contact pressure was 1.08 ± 0.08 kPa, and the small intestine contraction pressure's amplitude and rate were 0.29 ± 0.046 kPa and 12 min-1. Moreover, the amplitudes and rates of pressure from respiration and heartbeat were also estimated. The successful preliminary evaluation of this capsule implies that it could be used in further systematic investigation of small intestine contact pressure on a mobile capsule-shaped bolus.
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Material Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, W342 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526 e-mail: pengbo.li@huskers.unl.edu.
authors.forename: Pengbo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Mussehl Hall 110, Lincoln, NE 68583.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kreikemeier-Bower
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Material Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, W342 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526.
authors.forename: Wanchuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medicine-Bariatrics Center 4400 Emile Street, Omaha, NE 68198.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 360 Walter Scott Engineering Center, Lincoln, NE 68508.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Terry
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules; D004867:Equipment Design; D007421:Intestine, Small; D011312:Pressure; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules