title: Research conference summary from the 2014 International Task Force onATP1A3-Related Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ATP1A3-related neurologic disorders encompass a broad range of phenotypes that extend well beyond initial phenotypic criteria associated with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2014, the Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation hosted a multidisciplinary workshop intended to address fundamental challenges surrounding the diagnosis and management of individuals withATP1A3-related disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workshop attendees were charged with the following: (1) to achieve consensus on expanded diagnostic criteria to facilitate the identification of additional patients, intended to supplement existing syndrome-specific diagnostic paradigms; (2) to standardize definitions for the broad range of paroxysmal manifestations associated with AHC to disseminate to families; (3) to create clinical recommendations for common recurrent issues facing families and medical care providers; (4) to review data related to the death of individuals in the Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation database to guide future efforts in identifying at-risk subjects and potential preventative measures; and (5) to identify critical gaps where we most need to focus national and international research efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report summarizes recommendations of the workshop committee, highlighting the key phenotypic features to facilitate the diagnosis of possibleATP1A3mutations, providing recommendations for genetic testing, and outlining initial acute management for common recurrent clinical conditions, including epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosewich
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sweney
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DeBrosse
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ess
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozelius
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belgrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brashear
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciccodicola
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Alfred L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Aga
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewelt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magelby
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poncelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reyna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotero de Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sweadner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viollet
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zupanc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology (H.R.), Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Clinical Genetics (L.V.), Department of Pediatrics (T.N., M.T.S.) and Department of Neurology (M.T.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Human Genetics (S.D.), University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.E.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Human Genetics Research (L.O., M.M., K. Swoboda), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Neurogenetics Unit (E.A.) and Epilepsy Research Group (E.A., F.A.), Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.A., F.A.), Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), and Department of Pediatrics (F.A.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (G.A., S.C., L.E., V.P.), Southfield, MI; BCBA (A. Belgrade), Belgrade Behavior Consulting, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A. Brashear), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Integrative Neuropsychology (J.M.), Fairlawn, OH; Association Française de l'Hémiplégie Alternante (D.P.), Paris, France; Rare Disease Innovation Unit (S.R.), Clinical Development Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA; Department of Child Neurology (M.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Swedish Neuroscience Institute (M.S.d.M.), Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurosurgery (K. Sweadner), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuroscience Institute (M.Z.), Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K. Silver), University of Chicago and Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swoboda