title: Sex differences in obesity: X chromosome dosage as a risk factor for increased food intake, adiposity and co-morbidities.
abstract: Obesity is a world-wide problem, and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and other diseases. It is well established that sex differences influence fat storage. Males and females exhibit differences in anatomical fat distribution, utilization of fat stores, levels of adipose tissue-derived hormones, and obesity co-morbidities. The basis for these sex differences may be parsed into the effects of male vs. female gonadal hormones and the effects of XX vs. XY chromosome complement. Studies employing mouse models that allow the distinction of gonadal from chromosomal effects have revealed that X chromosome dosage influences food intake, which in turn affects adiposity and the occurrence of adverse metabolic conditions such as hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver. The identification of X chromosome dosage as a player in the behavior and physiology related to obesity suggests novel molecular mechanisms that may underlie sex differences in obesity and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States. Electronic address: reuek@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reue
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002151:Calorimetry; D002369:Castration / Q000379:methods; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Body weight; Mouse models; Sex differences