title: Domestic wastewaters reuse reclaimed by an improved horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland: A case study in the southeast of Spain.
abstract: The aim of this case study was to assess the performance of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HF-CW) located in southeastern Spain, filled with blast furnace slags (BFS), planted with Phragmites australis and designed to treat artificially aerated domestic wastewater to produce effluents suitable for agriculture reuse. The water quality parameters, included in the Spanish regulations for reclaimed wastewater reuse as agricultural quality 2.1, were monitored for one year. Data for all studied parameters, except electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), met the Spanish standards for reclaimed wastewater reuse due to the high evapotranspiration (ET) during the summer. The introduced improvements were effective for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and, specially, for total phosphorus (TP) with an average abatement of 96.9±1.7%. The improved HF-CW achieved similar or better percentage abatements than those reported using some hybrid systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: pam11@um.es.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreo-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quesada-Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almela
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli; D013030:Spain; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater; D018508:Water Purification; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Aerated domestic wastewater; Blast furnace slag; Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland; Mediterranean climate; Reclaimed wastewaters reuse