title: Predictors for spontaneous pregnancy after microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine the possible preoperative predictors of spontaneous pregnancy (SPR) for infertile males with varicocele after microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MVL) performed in two medical centers in a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 males with varicocele that underwent MVL between June 2013 and June 2014 in two medical centers were documented. Related data, including male and female partner age, male body mass index (BMI), female BMI, preoperative semen parameters, hormone levels, testicular volume, grade and side of varicocele, were collected and analyzed. The follow-up assessment was also conducted within a 2-year period after the surgery. The outcome measure was SPR within the 2-year follow-up reported. The possible determinants of SPR were also analyzed and indentified using Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 110 patients that accomplished the 2-year follow-up, 42 patients reported pregnancy outcome. Using Cox regression analysis, total motile sperm count [TMC; RR (95% CI) = 1.362 (1.120-1.560), p = 0.003] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH; RR (95% CI) = 0.726 (0.541-0.980), p = 0.020] levels posed significant determinants for SPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicated that males who underwent MVL with higher TMC and lower FSH preoperatively have higher possibility of pregnancy postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, # 1 Jian She Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. zhangjianwei112567@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Quan-Quan
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: You-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, # 1 Jian She Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, # 1 Jian She Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, # 1 Jian She Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D057234:Preoperative Period; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: Follicle-stimulating hormone; Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy; Spontaneous pregnancy rate; Total motile sperm count