title: Melanoma Chemoprevention: Current Status and Future Prospects.
abstract: The incidence of skin cancers, both nonmelanoma and melanoma, is increasing in the United States. The ultraviolet radiation, mainly from sun, is considered the major cause for these neoplasms. While nonmelanoma skin cancers are far more numerous, melanoma remains the most challenging. This is because melanoma can become extremely aggressive and its incidence is increasing worldwide due to lack of effective early detection, as well as disease recurrence, following both surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, in addition to better treatment options, newer means are required to prevent melanomas from developing. Chemoprevention is a reasonable cost-effective approach to prevent carcinogenesis by inhibiting the processes of tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Melanoma is a progressive disease, which makes it very suitable for chemopreventive interventions, by targeting the processes and molecular pathways involved in the progression of melanoma. This review discusses the roles of various chemopreventive agents such as NSAIDs, statins, vitamins and dietary agents in melanoma and highlights current advancements and our perspective on future of melanoma chemoprevention. Although considerable preclinical data suggest that melanoma may be prevented or delayed by a numerous chemopreventive agents, we realize there are insufficient clinical studies evaluating their efficacy and long-term safety for human use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Liz Mariely
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.|William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014815:Vitamins