title: Symptomatic Patients Remain at Substantial Risk of Arterial Disease Complications Before and After Endarterectomy or Stenting.
abstract: After carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke, recurrent stroke risk falls to a low rate on modern medical treatment.
  
  
  
  We used data from 4583 patients with recent transient ischemic attack or minor stroke enrolled in the TIAregistry.org to perform a nested case-control analysis to evaluate pre- and post-CEA/CAS risk. Cases were defined as patients with a CEA/CAS during the 1-year follow-up period. For each case, 2 controls with a follow-up time greater than the time from qualifying event to CEA/CAS were randomly selected, matched by age and sex. Primary outcome was defined as major vascular events (MVE, including stroke, cardiovascular death, and myocardial infarction).
  
  
  
  The median delay from symptom onset of qualifying event to CEA/CAS was 11 days (interquartile range, 6-23). Overall, patients with CEA/CAS had a higher 1-year risk of MVE than other patients (14.8% versus 5.8%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.61-3.60;P<0.001). During the matched preprocedural period, MVE occurred in 14 (7.5%) cases and in 13 (3.5%) controls, with an adjusted odds ratio =2.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-5.64;P=0.03). In the postprocedural period, the risk of MVE was also higher in cases than in controls (adjustedP<0.03).
  
  
  
  Patients with CEA/CAS had a higher 12-month risk of MVE, as well as during pre- and postprocedural periods. These results suggest that patients in whom CEA/CAS is anticipated are likely to be an informative population for inclusion in studies testing new antithrombotic strategies started soon after symptom onset.
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hobeanu
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Philippa C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lavallée
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sissani
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Natan M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Donnan
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hennerici
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labreuche
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Philippe Gabriel
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Pierre-Jean
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Touboul
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Vicaut
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.).
authors.forename: Lawrence K S
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: From APHP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (C.H., P.C.L., L.S., J.L., P.-J.T., P.A.); Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal (J.M.F.); Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA (L.R.C.); The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (G.A.D.); Department of Neurology, UMM University Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain (C.M.); Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK (P.M.R.); APHP, Department of Cardiology, INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; and NHLI Imperial College, ICMS Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK (P.G.S.); Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (S.U.); APHP, Department of Biostatistics, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal hospital, Paris, France (É.V.); and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR (K.S.L.W.). pierre.amarenco@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amarenco
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: carotid arteries; carotid endarterectomy; myocardial infarction; prevention; transient ischemic attack