title: The Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Compared to Propofol on Patients Hemodynamics as a Sedative in Brachial Plexus Block: A Comparative Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quest for an ideal sedative during regional anesthesia is on. Although propofol has been accepted as a sedative intraoperatively, it can be associated with troublesome hemodynamic changes. Dexmedetomidine is a new alpha 2 agonist used widely for sedation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we tried to compare equivalent doses of dexmedetomidine infusion with propofol with emphasis on their effect on the hemodynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, single-blinded randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single blinded study, 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II patients scheduled for forearm surgeries under brachial plexus block were randomized to receive either propofol (Group I) or dexmedetomidine (Group II) infusion. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block was given in all the patients. After confirming adequate motor and sensory blockade, they were administered an initial loading dose of the drug over 10 min followed by a maintenance dose till the end of the surgery. The rate of infusion was titrated to maintain Ramsay sedation score of 2-4. Intraoperative hemodynamic and respiratory effects were documented along with surgeon and patient satisfaction. Any adverse effect such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting was also noted.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data collected were evaluated using Stata version 10.P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate decreased significantly in Group II (dexmedetomidine) while mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in Group I (propofol). There was no increase in the incidence of bradycardia or hypotension in either groups. Patient satisfaction score was significantly greater in Group II (dexmedetomidine) while surgeon satisfaction score was similar in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexmedetomidine at equivalent doses of propofol has a similar hemodynamic and respiratory effect, similar surgeon's satisfaction score, higher patient's satisfaction score, and no significant side effects in ASA I/II patients. Thus, dexmedetomidine may prove to be a valuable alternative to propofol for sedation in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries in brachial plexus block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Amarjeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Chandni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ajeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumari
keywords: Blood pressure; brachial plexus block; dexmedetomidine; heart rate; propofol; sedation