title: Quantification of santonin in eight species of Artemisia from Kazakhstan by means of HPLC-UV: Method development and validation.
abstract: Santonin, a powerful anthelmintic drug that was formely used to treat worms, is Artemisia cina's main constituent. However, due to its toxicity to humans, it is no longer in use. Kazakhstan is looking to introduce this plant as an anthelmintic drug for veterinary purposes, despite the known toxic properties of the santonin. The objective of this study was to develop a fast and specific method for the identification of santonin and its precise quantitation using HPLC-UV in order to avoid unnecessary intoxication, which is paramount for the development of veterinary medicines. The results obtained showed that santonin appears at around 5.7 minutes in this very reliable HPLC method. The validation of the method was performed by the investigation of parameters such as precision, accuracy, reproducibility and recovery. The method was used to identify and quantify santonin in leaves of A. scoparia, A. foetida, A. gmelinni, A. schrenkiana, A. frigida, A. sublesingiana, A terra-albae, and A. absinthium from Kazakhstan as well as in three different extracts of leaves of A. cina. This study has provided a faster and simpler method for the identification and quantification of this compound in other species of Artemisia of economic importance.
authors.affiliation: Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Zuriyadda
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sakipova
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nikki Siu Hai
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Tolkyn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bekezhanova
authors.affiliation: Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.lastname: Sadykova
authors.affiliation: Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukirbekova
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-1787
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boylan
mesh_terms: D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012500:Santonin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012500:Santonin