title: Is bipolar disorder associated with tramautic brain injury in the homeless?
abstract: Links between Bipolar Disorder (BD) and medical conditions are increasingly reported. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a prevalent medical condition found in homeless populations. urdens associated with BD in the homeless population.
  
  
  
  This paper examines the correlation between the presence of BD and TBI, comparing
  homeless affected by Bipolar Disorder, Unipolar Depression (UD) and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD), controlled for other TBI risk factors such as age, gender, comorbid alcohol and substance use disorders as the confounding variables.
  
  
  
  From 489 participants of Vancouver arm of the At Home/Chez Soi Study, 416 homeless had psychiatric diagnoses, alcohol and substance dependence, and TBI determined by the MINI Questionnaire and the Comorbid Conditions List. 147 patients with BD were compared with 175 UD and 94 SSD for age, gender, the presence, number and severity of TBI and the presence of alcohol and substance use diagnosis, at a univariate and multivariate level.
  
  
  
  The homeless with BD had higher percentage of TBI compared to the homeless with SSD. However, the reported severity and frequency of TBI by patients with BD, UD, and SSD were not statistically different. BD diagnosis was associated with TBI at multivariate level.
  
  
  
  TBI could be considered one of the physical burdens associated with BD in the homeless population.
authors.affiliation: Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacciardi
authors.affiliation: Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy - Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo G I
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maremmani
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada - Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikoo
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Labs (NIL) - PET & MRI & EEG & Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cambioli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada - Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada - Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada - Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada - Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krausz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology