title: Characteristics of glucose metabolism indexes and continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients with insulinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analyze the clinical applicability of glucose metabolism indexes and continuous glucose monitoring data on the qualitative diagnosis of insulinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Involve 22 patients with insulinoma (insulinoma group), 11 patients with hypoglycemia (hypoglycemia group) and 31 people with normal glucose tolerance (control group). HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (FINS) and C-peptide (FCP) was tested. Using CGMS to monitor the blood glucose for three consecutive days and selecting the monitoring data of 24 h thereof, figuring out, with the aid of EasyGV Version 9.0, the mean glucose (MG), the standard deviation (SD) of blood glucose, CONGA (continuous overall net glycemic action), J-Index, LI (Lability Index), LBGI (Low Blood Glucose Index), HBGI (High Blood Glucose Index), GRADE (glycaemic risk assessment diabetes equation), MAGE (mean aplitude of glycaemic excursions), M value, MAG (mean absolute glucose).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) FBG and LBG of insulinoma group are lower than those of control group and those of hypoglycemia group while FINS and FCP of insulinoma group are markedly higher than those of the other two groups; (2) the MG and CONGA of insulinoma group are lower than those of control group and its indexes like ST, LI, LBGI, GRADE, MAGE, M value and MAG are higher than those of control group; there are differences between the indexes of insulinoma group and those of hypoglycemia group in CONGA (lower than that of hypoglycemia group), LBGI (higher than that of hypoglycemia group), and M value (higher than that of hypoglycemia group). By drawing the ROC curve and calculating Youden index, the cut-off values of LBGI, M value, CONGA are respectively as 4.06, 7.79, 4.38, and the best index of differential diagnosis is LBGI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous glucose monitoring data can be used to diagnose insulinoma and blood glucose fluctuation indicators such as LBGI, M value, CONGA might be useful to identify insulinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Institute of Aviation Medicine, Beijing, 100089 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dou
keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring; Glucose variability; Hypoglycemia; Insulinoma