title: An update on the perioperative management of children with upper respiratory tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review summarizes the current evidence for the management of children with recent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Furthermore, the review includes management guidelines for children with URTIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good history and clinical examination is sufficient in most children presenting with URTI. Testing for immune markers or preoperative nitric oxide measurement does not add any additional value. Preoperative bronchodilator administration, intravenous induction with propofol, and noninvasive airway management all reduce the occurrence of respiratory adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most children can be safely anaesthetized even in the presence of an URTIs if the perioperative anaesthesia management is optimized. In this review article, we have included a management algorithm for children with URTI presenting for elective surgery.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Intensive Care, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch bSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia cSchool of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Perth, Western Australia, Australia dDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Klinik Hallerwiese, Cnopf'sche Kinderklinik, Nuernberg, Germany eDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco fSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regli
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becke
authors.forename: Britta S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: von Ungern-Sternberg
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D000465:Algorithms; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D015742:Propofol