title: Joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and cadmium on the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in neuronal cells.
abstract: Pesticides and heavy metals can be easily biomagnified in food chains and bioaccumulated in individuals, thus pose significant threat to human health. However, their joint toxicity for long-term exposure at low dose has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we investigated the oxidative damages in brain of rats exposed subchronically to organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd), and their mixtures at the environmentally relevant doses. Rats were given different doses of CPF and Cd by oral gavage for three months. After treatment, brain tissues were subjected for biochemical analysis. Mitochondrial damage and reactive oxidative species were also measured in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF, Cd and their mixtures. The results showed that CPF and Cd generated protein and lipid peroxidation, disturbed the total antioxidant capability, and altered mitochondria ultrastructure in the brain. Lipids and proteins were sensitive to the oxidative damage induced by CPF and Cd. CPF and Cd decreased mitochondrial potential and induced reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y cells. However, the mixture did not display higher toxicity than the sum of that of the individual treatments. Thus, CPF and Cd could have a potential antagonistic interaction on the induction of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China. Electronic address: wuyj@ioz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Antioxidant enzyme; Brain; Heavy metal; Lipid peroxidation; Pesticide; Protein oxidation