title: Evaluation of phytochemicals from medicinal plants of Myrtaceae family on virulence factor production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: Virulence factors regulated by quorum sensing (QS) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of an opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in causing infections to the host. Hence, in the present work, the anti-virulence potential of the medicinal plant extracts and their derived phytochemicals from Myrtaceae family was evaluated against P. aeruginosa. In the preliminary screening of the tested medicinal plant extracts, Syzygium jambos and Syzygium antisepticum demonstrated a maximum inhibition in QS-dependent violacein pigment production by Chromobacterium violaceum DMST 21761. These extracts demonstrated an inhibitory activity over a virulence factor, pyoverdin, production by P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 23 and 12 phytochemicals from the extracts of S. jambos and S. antisepticum respectively. Three top-ranking phytochemicals, including phytol, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, selected on the basis of docking score in molecular docking studies lowered virulence factors such as pyoverdin production, protease and haemolytic activities of P. aeruginosa to a significant level. In addition, the phytochemicals reduced rhamnolipid production by the organism. The work demonstrated an importance of plant-derived compounds as anti-virulence drugs to conquer P. aeruginosa virulence towards the host.
authors.affiliation: Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Khadar Syed
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Musthafa
authors.affiliation: Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wipawadee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sianglum
authors.affiliation: School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jongkon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saising
authors.affiliation: Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sakkarin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lethongkam
authors.affiliation: Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supayang Piyawan
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Voravuthikunchai
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006017:Glycolipids; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D037521:Virulence Factors; C418382:rhamnolipid
keywords: 
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  ; 
  Syzygium antisepticum
  ; 
  Syzygium jambos
  ; Myrtaceae; ethyl linoleate; methyl linolenate; phytol; virulence factor