title: Differential distribution of amino acids in plants.
abstract: Plants are a rich source of amino acids and their individual abundance in plants is of great significance especially in terms of food. Therefore, it is of utmost necessity to create a database of the relative amino acid contents in plants as reported in literature. Since in most of the cases complete analysis of profiles of amino acids in plants was not reported, the units used and the methods applied and the plant parts used were different, amino acid contents were converted into relative units with respect to lysine for statistical analysis. The most abundant amino acids in plants are glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Pearson's correlation analysis among different amino acids showed that there were no negative correlations between the amino acids. Cluster analysis (CA) applied to relative amino acid contents of different families. Alismataceae, Cyperaceae, Capparaceae and Cactaceae families had close proximity with each other on the basis of their relative amino acid contents. First three components of principal component analysis (PCA) explained 79.5% of the total variance. Factor analysis (FA) explained four main underlying factors for amino acid analysis. Factor-1 accounted for 29.4% of the total variance and had maximum loadings on glycine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine and valine. Factor-2 explained 25.8% of the total variance and had maximum loadings on alanine, aspartic acid, serine and tyrosine. 14.2% of the total variance was explained by factor-3 and had maximum loadings on arginine and histidine. Factor-4 accounted 8.3% of the total variance and had maximum loading on the proline amino acid. The relative content of different amino acids presented in this paper is alanine (1.4), arginine (1.8), asparagine (0.7), aspartic acid (2.4), cysteine (0.5), glutamic acid (2.8), glutamine (0.6), glycine (1.0), histidine (0.5), isoleucine (0.9), leucine (1.7), lysine (1.0), methionine (0.4), phenylalanine (0.9), proline (1.1), serine (1.0), threonine (1.0), tryptophan (0.3), tyrosine (0.7) and valine (1.2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.|Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
authors.forename: Anket
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
authors.forename: Ravdeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
authors.forename: Ashwani Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Thukral
authors.affiliation: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. renubhardwaj82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. parvaizbot@yahoo.com.|Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India. parvaizbot@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Parvaiz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D034901:Alismataceae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D029421:Cactaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D031483:Capparaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D029785:Cyperaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids
keywords: Amino acids; Cluster analysis; Factor analysis; Principal component analysis