title: Evening electronic device use: The effects on alertness, sleep and next-day physical performance in athletes.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different types of tasks performed with or without an electronic device (tablet) on pre-sleep alertness, subsequent sleep quality and next-day athletic performance. Eight highly trained netball players attended a sleep laboratory for pre-sleep testing, polysomnographic sleep monitoring and next-day physical performance testing on 5 separate occasions (1 familiarisation and 4 experimental sessions). For 2 h prior to bedtime, athletes completed cognitively stimulating tasks (puzzles) or passive tasks (reading) with or without a tablet. Sleepiness tended to be greater after reading compared to completing puzzles without a tablet (d = 0.80), but not with a tablet. Melatonin concentration increased more so after reading compared to completing puzzles on a tablet (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in sleep quality or quantity or next-day athletic performance between any of the conditions. These data suggest that using a tablet for 2 h prior to sleep does not negatively affect subsequent sleep or next-day performance in athletes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.|b Department of Physiology , Western Australian Institute of Sport , Mt Claremont , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Maddison J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-6190
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.|b Department of Physiology , Western Australian Institute of Sport , Mt Claremont , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peeling
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: c Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Bruce , ACT , Australia.
authors.forename: Shona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halson
authors.affiliation: c Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Bruce , ACT , Australia.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.|d Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dunican
authors.affiliation: e Centre for Metabolomics , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiology , Western Australian Institute of Sport , Mt Claremont , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: d Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-4138
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eastwood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001288:Attention; D001831:Body Temperature; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism; D008838:Microcomputers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D027544:Salvia / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Electronic device; athlete; performance; sleep