title: In Vivo Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Carious Dentin in Young Permanent Molars: An Ultrastructural and Macroscopic Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate macroscopically and ultrastructurally the effect of calcium hydroxide cement (CH) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) compared with gutta percha (control) as a lining material on carious dentin after partial caries removal and sealing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven permanent molars with deep carious lesions underwent partial caries removal with the application of CH, RMGIC, or gutta percha (control) and were then sealed for three months. After a partial caries removal and sealing period, the dentin was macroscopically assessed (for color, consistency, and humidity) and further analyzed by scanning electron microscope to assess the ultrastructural changes in dentin (lumen size, mineralization of tubules, occlusion of tubules by cements, and bacterial ingress). The effect of treatment in each group was statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dentin darkening and hardening were observed after the sealing period in all groups. However, there was no difference in the color after treatment among the three groups. It was observed that RMGIC showed a significant reduction in the size of the lumen compared to CH and the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial caries removal and sealing resulted in dentin hardening, darkening, and dentin remineralization, irrespective of the dentin protection used.
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College, Sultanpur, Haryana, India;, Email: shireen_opal@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Shireen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opal
authors.affiliation: Professor, in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Professor, in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Professor, in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhindsa
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana.
authors.forename: Isha
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jatana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003804:Dentin / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide