title: Protective influence of hyaluronic acid on focal adhesion kinase activity in human skin fibroblasts exposed to ethanol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol and hyaluronic acid (HA) on cell survival and apoptosis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Regarding the mechanism of ethanol action on human skin fibroblasts, we investigated cell viability and apoptosis, expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and the influence of HA on those processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were conducted in confluent human skin fibroblast cultures that were treated with 25 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM ethanol or with ethanol and 500 µg/mL HA. Cell viability was examined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and NC-300 Nucleo-Counter. Imaging of the cells using a fluorescence microscope Pathway 855 was performed to measure FAK expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the dosage, ethanol decreased cell viability and activated the process of apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts. HA prevented the negative influence of ethanol on cell viability and prevented apoptosis. The analysis of fluorescence imaging using BD Pathway 855 High-Content Bioimager showed the inhibition of FAK migration to the cell nucleus, depending on the increasing concentration of ethanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study proves that downregulation of signaling pathway of FAK is involved in ethanol-induced apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts. The work also indicates a protective influence of HA on FAK activity in human skin fibroblasts exposed to ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Esthetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donejko
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rysiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Esthetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Restoration, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terlikowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Esthetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Edyta Katarzyna
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Głażewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Esthetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przylipiak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: apoptosis; ethanol; focal adhesion kinase; hyaluronic acid; skin fibroblast