title: Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids: using principles of developmental biology to grow human tissues in a dish.
abstract: Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived organoids are miniature, three-dimensional human tissues generated by the application of developmental biological principles to PSCsin vitroThe approach to generate organoids uses a combination of directed differentiation, morphogenetic processes, and the intrinsically driven self-assembly of cells that mimics organogenesis in the developing embryo. The resulting organoids have remarkable cell type complexity, architecture and function similar to theirin vivocounterparts. In the past five years, human PSC-derived organoids with components of all three germ layers have been generated, resulting in the establishment of a new human model system. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of how principles of developmental biology have been essential for generating human organoidsin vitro, and how organoids are now being used as a primary research tool to investigate human developmental biology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6834-4091
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA james.wells@cchmc.org.|Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1398-848X
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D015509:Developmental Biology; D004194:Disease; D006801:Humans; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Directed differentiation; Human development; Morphogenesis; Organoids; Patterning; Pluripotent stem cells