title: Contribution of dual fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography to the appraisal of posterior involvement in birdshot retinochoroiditis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the levels of retinal and choroidal involvement in initial-onset birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, two stromal choroiditis entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with BRC and VKH, seen during initial-onset disease at the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland. Angiographic signs were quantified, using an established dual fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) scoring system for uveitis, and the FA/ICGA score ratios were compared between diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1793 patients with uveitis seen from 1995 to 2015, 7 newly diagnosed BRC patients and 4 patients with newly diagnosed VKH disease had sufficient data for study inclusion. Patients with BRC and VKH at initial onset had mean FA angiographic scores of 16.91 ± 3.42 and 4.06 ± 1.87; mean ICGA angiographic scores of 21.34 ± 3.49 and 25.75 ± 3.88; and mean FA/ICGA ratios of 0.79 ± 0.21 and 0.16 ± 0.09, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed the differential involvements of the retina and choroid in BRC and VKH. The choroid was preponderantly involved in both diseases; thus, ICGA is essential for disease assessment and follow-up. However, these diseases also differed substantially. The origin of inflammation was primarily in the choroid in VKH and in both the choroid and retina in BRC. We recommend dual FA and ICGA for evaluating posterior uveitis, when choroiditis is suspected.
authors.affiliation: Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Clinic Montchoisi Teaching Centre, 6 Rue Charles-Monnard, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Ophthalmology Department, Istanbul Medipol University, TEM Avrupa Otoyolu Göztepe Cikisi No: 1 Bagcilar, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.affiliation: Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Clinic Montchoisi Teaching Centre, 6 Rue Charles-Monnard, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeannin
authors.affiliation: Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Clinic Montchoisi Teaching Centre, 6 Rue Charles-Monnard, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland. cph@herbortuveitis.ch.|University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. cph@herbortuveitis.ch.
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Herbort
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000080365:Birdshot Chorioretinopathy; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green; D019793:Fluorescein
keywords: Angiographic score; Birdshot retinochoroiditis; Fluorescein angiography; Indocyanine green angiography; Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease