title: The Influence of Lipid and Proinflammatory Status on Maternal Uterine Blood Flow in Women With Late Onset Gestational Diabetes.
abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines and is also associated with adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes later in life. We aim to evaluate the relationships between uterine arteries vascularization and endothelial dysfunction markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and glycemic and lipid profile in women with GDM.
  
  
  
  Fifty pregnant women were recruited at the third trimester of pregnancy for a prospective cohort study. They were classified into 2 groups: control and GDM. Comparisons of maternal plasma concentrations of endothelial dysfunction markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), proinflammatory cytokines and mediators (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, leptin, leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein), lipid profile, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were performed. Mean uterine arteries Doppler pulsatility index (PI) was calculated and the relationships between the variables and PI were also analyzed.
  
  
  
  Women with GDM showed higher proinflammatory cytokines, however, endothelial dysfunction markers were similar in both groups. In the diabetic group, significant correlations were found between the mean uterine arteries PI and maternal IL-6 ( r = .56, P = .01), triglycerides ( r = .49; P = .03), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio ( r = .61; P = .006), glucose (r = .62, P = .005), and glycosylated hemoglobin ( r = .48; P = .03). A negative significant correlation between mean uterine arteries PI and HDLc ( r = -.58; P = .02) was also found.
  
  
  
  The proinflammatory status, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic control correlate with uterine blood flow velocity waveforms in women with gestational diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Puerta del Mar" University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bugatto
authors.affiliation: 2 Clinicas Ginemed, Sevilla, Spain.|3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Hospital de Jerez" University Hospital, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintero-Prado
authors.affiliation: 4 Research Unit, "Puerta del Mar" University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Visiedo
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Puerta del Mar" University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vilar-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Puerta del Mar" University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Quiñones
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Puerta del Mar" University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Tinoco
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Puerta del Mar" University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torrejón
authors.affiliation: 6 Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, "La Paz" University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bartha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: cytokines; endothelial dysfunction; gestational diabetes; inflammation; uterine artery Doppler