title: Inverse Association of Plasma Chromium Levels with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: Chromium has long been known as an enhancer of insulin action. However, the role of chromium in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans remains controversial. The current study aimed to examine the associations of plasma chromium levels with T2DM and pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM). We conducted a case-control study involving 1471 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, 682 individuals with newly diagnosed pre-DM, and 2290 individuals with normal glucose tolerance in a Chinese population from 2009 to 2014. Plasma chromium was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Plasma chromium levels were lower in the T2DM and pre-DM groups than in the control group (median: 3.68 μg/L, 3.61 μg/L, 3.97 μg/L, respectively,p< 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for T2DM across increasing quartiles of plasma chromium levels were 1 (referent), 0.67 (0.55-0.83), 0.64 (0.51-0.79), and 0.58 (0.46-0.73), respectively (pfor trend <0.001). The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for pre-DM were 1 (referent), 0.70 (0.54-0.91), 0.67 (0.52-0.88), and 0.58 (0.43-0.78), respectively (pfor trend < 0.001). Our results indicated that plasma chromium concentrations were inversely associated with T2DM and pre-DM in Chinese adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. sijingchen19@sina.com.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. sijingchen19@sina.com.
authors.forename: Sijing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. xiaolingking@126.com.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. xiaolingking@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. shanzhilei3118@126.com.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. shanzhilei3118@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhilei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. M201575207@hust.edu.cn.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. M201575207@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. M201575208@hust.edu.cn.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. M201575208@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. suntaoping@163.com.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. suntaoping@163.com.
authors.forename: Taoping
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. milkluobo@sina.com.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. milkluobo@sina.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. yw8278@hotmail.com.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. yw8278@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. yaoping@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. yaoping@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. bwinds@yeah.net.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. bwinds@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Kaifeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang 443003, China. zhangyan@angelyeast.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang 443003, China. chengqian@angelyeast.com.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 51805, China. cjinquan@szcdc.net.
authors.forename: Jinquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. wei-bao@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. lgliu@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.|Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. lgliu@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liegang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002857:Chromium
keywords: chromium; pre-diabetes; type 2 diabetes