title: Nitrate Increased Cucumber Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt by Regulating Fungal Toxin Production and Distribution.
abstract: Cucumber Fusarium wilt, induced byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cucumerinum(FOC), causes severe losses in cucumber yield and quality. Nitrogen (N), as the most important mineral nutrient for plants, plays a critical role in plant-pathogen interactions. Hydroponic assays were conducted to investigate the effects of different N forms (NH₄⁺ vs. NO₃‒) and supply levels (low, 1 mM; high, 5 mM) on cucumber Fusarium wilt. The NO₃‒-fed cucumber plants were more tolerant to Fusarium wilt compared with NH₄⁺-fed plants, and accompanied by lower leaf temperature after FOC infection. The disease index decreased as the NO₃‒supply increased but increased with the NH₄⁺ level supplied. Although the FOC grew better under high NO₃-in vitro, FOC colonization and fusaric acid (FA) production decreased in cucumber plants under high NO₃-supply, associated with lower leaf membrane injury. There was a positive correlation between the FA content and the FOC number or relative membrane injury. After the exogenous application of FA, less FA accumulated in the leaves under NO₃-feeding, accompanied with a lower leaf membrane injury. In conclusion, higher NO₃-supply protected cucumber plants against Fusarium wilt by suppressing FOC colonization and FA production in plants, and increasing the plant tolerance to FA.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2011203030@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. minwang@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2014203028@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2014103116@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zechen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2015103106@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ruirui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center of Agricultural Technology Extension, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture 845350, China. asj.syd@163.com.
authors.forename: Asanjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saydin
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. shenqirong@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qirong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. sguo@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005669:Fusaric Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009566:Nitrates; D005669:Fusaric Acid
keywords: Fusarium wilt; cucumber; fusaric acid; nitrogen form; nitrogen supply