title: Extracellular superoxide dismutase is necessary to maintain renal blood flow during sepsis development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) protects nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by decreasing superoxide levels and preventing peroxynitrite generation, which is important in maintaining renal blood flow and in preventing acute kidney injury. However, the profile of ECSOD expression after sepsis is not fully understood. Therefore, we intended to evaluate the content and gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms in the renal artery and their relation to renal blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sepsis was induced in Wistar rats by caecal ligation and perforation. Several times after sepsis induction, renal blood flow (12, 24 and 48 h); the renal arterial content of SOD isoforms, nitrotyrosine, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS and i-NOS), and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (pVASP); and SOD activity (3, 6 and 12 h) were measured. The influence of a SOD inhibitor was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in ECSOD content was associated with decreased 3-nitrotyrosine levels. These events were associated with an increase in pVASP content and maintenance of renal blood flow. Moreover, previous treatment with a SOD inhibitor increased nitrotyrosine content and reduced renal blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECSOD appears to have a major role in decreasing peroxynitrite formation in the renal artery during the early stages of sepsis development, and its application can be important in renal blood flow control and maintenance during septic insult.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Constantino
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Selinger
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Galant
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francieli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vuolo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Lorena
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Guarido
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Wilges
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanna Medeiros Tavares
authors.initials: GMT
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo (Lab. 32), ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt
authors.initials: MAB
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio Teodoro
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: da Silva-Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo (Lab. 32), ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Cláudio Fonseca
authors.initials: JCF
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. fdpizzol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
keywords: Acute renal failure; Nitric oxide; Sepsis; Superoxide