title: Reduction in population exposure to PM2.5and cancer risk due to PM2.5-bound PAHs exposure in Beijing, China during the APEC meeting.
abstract: Radical measures for controlling ambient air pollution sources were employed by the Chinese government during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting in 2014, providing a unique case to evaluate the health effect benefits from such measures. To examine the cancer risk reduction from the source control measures during the APEC meeting, we estimated the reduction in population exposure to PM2.5and PAHs and the reduction in PAHs-associated cancer risk if the control measures were sustained over time. We determined the population exposure to PM2.5and PM2.5-bound PAHs for the 21.52 million Beijing residents using a Land Use Regression model to determine the spatial distribution of PM2.5and a Monte Carlo approach to revise indoor/outdoor infiltration factor and time activity patterns. Into the model and approach, we incorporated the spatial variance and indoor/outdoor differences in the PM2.5and PM2.5-bound PAHs concentrations, based on measurements. We then estimated lung cancer risk using the population attributable fraction (PAF), assuming the control measures were sustained over time. The mean PM2.5exposure concentration decreased from 37.5 μg/m3 (CI:17.1-74.9 μg/m3) to 24.0 μg/m3 (CI:10.2-47.7 μg/m3), whereas the mean PM2.5-bound equivalent benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq) exposure concentration decreased from 7.1 ng/m3(CI:3.3-14.2 ng/m3) to 4.2 ng/m3(CI:1.8-7.7 ng/m3), resulting in a reduction in the lung cancer PAF from 0.75% to 0.45%, if the measures were sustained over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yangyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: binzhao@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuejing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qinzi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuxiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shunhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: APEC; Air pollution; Cancer risk; Indoor air; Particles