title: Caudal Epidural Analgesia in Pediatric Patients: Comparison of 0.25% Levobupivacaine and 0.25% Ropivacaine in Terms of Motor Blockade and Postoperative Analgesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ropivacaine and Levo-Bupivacaine have been safely used for caudal anaesthesia in children, but there are limited studies comparing the efficacy of 0.25% Ropivacaine and 0.25% Levo-Bupivacaine for caudal anaesthesia in infraumbilical surgeries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of motor blockade and postoperative analgesia with 0.25% ropivacaine and 0.25% levobupivacaine for the caudal block in children receiving infraumbilical surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized double-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients of either sex, between 1 and 10 years posted for elective infraumbilical surgeries, to receive caudal block with either (Group R) ropivacaine 0.25% or (Group L) levobupivacaine 0.25% of volume 1 ml/kg were included in the study. Motor blockade was assessed using motor power scale, and pain was assessed every 1 h for first 6 h, then 2ndhourly for following 18 h using modified Hannallah objective pain scale. If pain score is ≥4, the patients were given paracetamol suppositories 20 mg/kg as rescue analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All analyses were performed using Chi-square test, Student's independentt-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time for full motor recovery was similar in both groups; in Group R, ropivacaine: 180.50 ± 14.68 min, and in Group L, levobupivacaine: 184.50 ± 18.02 min, withP= 0.163. The duration of postoperative pain relief between the groups was 330.50 ± 9.54 min in Group L (levobupivacaine) and 312.67 ± 5.56 min in Group R (ropivacaine) withP= 0.165 not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both ropivacaine 0.25% and levobupivacaine 0.25% have similar recovery from motor blockade and postoperative analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Praveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Remadevi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pratheeba
keywords: Caudal anesthesia; levobupivacaine; postoperative analgesia and motor blockade; ropivacaine