title: Different Duck Species Infected Intramuscularly with Duck-Origin Genotype IX APMV-1 Show Discrepant Mortality and Indicate Another Fatal Genotype APMV-1 to Ducks.
abstract: Isolations of genotype IX (gIX) avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) from various bird species have been more common recently, with isolates showing variable pathogenicity in different species of poultry. Here we sequenced the genome of a Muscovy duck origin gIX virus strain XBT14 and characterized the virulence and pathogenicity of this isolate in chickens and ducks. The genome sequence of strain XBT14 is 15,192 nt in length, containing multiple basic amino acids at the fusion protein cleavage site. The XBT14 strain shared 91.6%-91.9% nucleotide identities with early-genotype viruses (such as genotype III and IV) and shared 85.3%-85.9% nucleotide homologies with later genotype viruses (such as genotype VII). Pathogenicity tests showed that strain XBT14 could cause death in different duck breeds with a mortality rate of 44.4% in Muscovy duck, 25.9% in Sheldrake, and 11.1% in Cherry Valley duck, respectively. Similar mortality discrepancies were also observed in different ducks when infected with chicken-origin gIX virus strain F48E8. These results indicate that XBT14-like velogenic gIX APMV-1 (such as XBT14, F48E8, and GD09-2) could cause fatal infection in duck, and genotype IX is another genotype velogenic to duck as well as genotype VII. Accompanied by genetic differences in the vaccine strains or dominant strains prevailing in poultry, the virulent XBT14-like gIX viruses might become potentially endemic strains in poultry in the future.
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guanghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Longfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qiuling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: B College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Baomin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Cuiteng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chunhe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Rongchang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018109:Avulavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045463:Avulavirus Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens; D004372:Ducks; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D009132:Muscles / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology*
keywords: avian paramyxovirus type 1; genotype IX; molecular characteristics; pathogenicity discrepancy