title: Shared and unique responses of insects to the interaction of urbanization and background climate.
abstract: Urbanization profoundly alters biological systems; yet the predictability of responses to urbanization based on key biological traits, the repeatability of these patterns among cities, and how the impact of urbanization on biological systems varies as a function of background climatic conditions remain unknown. We use insects as a focal system to review the major patterns of responses to urbanization, and develop a framework for exploring the shared and unique features that characterize insect responses to urbanization and how responses to urbanization might systematically vary along background environmental gradients in climate. We then illustrate this framework using established patterns in insect macrophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: sarah.diamond@case.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Nick M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martin