title: Concentrations and analysis of health risks of ambient air metallic elements at Longjing site in central Taiwan.
abstract: The concentrations of particulates and metallic elements that were bound to total suspended particulates in ambient air at Long Cyuan Elementary School (LCYES), Lung Ching Elementary School (LCHES) and Long Shan Primary School (LSPS) sampling sites in the Longjing area were measured. Significant difference tests were conducted at LSPS, LCYES and LCHES sites. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values for LSPS, LCYES and LCHES sites in the Longjing district were evaluated. The results show that the most average particulate and metallic element concentrations were highest in October, November, January, February, March, April, August, and September The average particulate and metallic element concentrations at LCHES were higher than at the other sampling sites. The Concentration Scatter Diagrams reveal the absence of significant variation among the LSPS, LCYES and LCHES sampling sites in the Longjing district. Therefore, these sampling sites are inferred to have similar emission sources. The children and adults inhalation carcinogenic risks which referenced US EPA method were all within acceptable ranges. Non-carcinogenic risks revealed that all metallic elements considered herein were harmless to human health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC. gcfang@sunrise.hk.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Guor-Cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 63208, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chaur-Tsuen
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Meng-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yuan-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kai-Hsiang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chao-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: You-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002648:Child; D002980:Climate; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000075485:Population Health; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Concentration Scatter Diagrams; Health risks; Metallic element; Particulate; TSP