title: Removal of Tattoos by Q-Switched Nanosecond Lasers.
abstract: Tattoo removal by Q-switched nanosecond laser devices is generally a safe and effective method, albeit a time-consuming one. Despite the newest developments in laser treatment, it is still not possible to remove every tattoo completely and without complications. Incomplete removal remains one of the most common challenges. As a consequence, particular restraint should be exercised when treating multicoloured tattoos, and patients need to be thoroughly informed about remaining pigment. Other frequent adverse effects include hyper- and hypopigmentation as well as ink darkening; the latter is particularly frequent in permanent make-up. Scarring is also possible, although it is rare when treatment is performed correctly. It is becoming more widespread for laser operators to encounter allergic reactions and even malignant tumours in tattoos, and treating these conditions requires a nuanced approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Syrus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karsai
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003116:Color; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007281:Ink; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013653:Tattooing / Q000009:adverse effects*