title: Targeted temperature management in cardiac arrest: survival evaluated by propensity score matching.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Targeted temperature management in cardiac arrest was introduced following evidence of increased survival from two controlled trials published in 2002. We wanted to investigate whether the introduction of targeted temperature management to clinical practice had increased the survival of cardiac arrest patients at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 336 unresponsive patients admitted to the emergency department between December 2003 and December 2008 with return of spontaneous circulation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the analysis. A propensity score model was developed to evaluate the survival of patients receiving intensive care treatment including targeted temperature management, compared with intensive care treatment not including targeted temperature management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimation of the treatment effect revealed an increase of 57 days (95% CI: 12-103, p = 0.01) in restricted mean survival during the first year after cardiac arrest for intensive care treatment including targeted temperature management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As with all observational studies, bias is probable. However, propensity score methodology has been used in order to reduce bias and establish causality. Although residual confounding is likely, our interpretation is that TTM increased survival for comatose OHCA patients in our hospital because survival increased well beyond the level of significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of targeted temperature management to clinical practice is likely to have increased survival for unresponsive patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway. eirik.alnes.buanes@helse-bergen.no.|Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. eirik.alnes.buanes@helse-bergen.no.
authors.forename: Eirik A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Buanes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Karl O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Hufthammer
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Jørund
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langørgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne-Berit
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Guttormsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon-Kenneth
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Heltne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D057216:Propensity Score; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Cardiac arrest; Intensive care; Outcome; Propensity score matching; Targeted temperature management