title: Diabetes-induced effects on cardiomyocytes in chick embryonic heart micromass and mouse embryonic D3 differentiated stem cells.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is a considerable medical challenge, since it is related to ‎augmented morbidity and mortality concerns for both the fetus ‎and the pregnant woman. Records show that the etiology of diabetic ‎embryopathy is complicated, as many teratological factors might be involved ‎in the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced congenital malformation. ‎In this study, the potential cardiotoxic effect of hyperglycemia with hyperketonemia was investigated by using two in vitro models; primary chick embryonic cardiomyocytes and stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, where adverse effects were recorded in both systems. The cells were evaluated by changes in beating activity, cell activity, protein content, ROS production, DNA damage and differentiating stem cell migration. The diabetic formulae used produced an increase in DNA damage and a decline in cell migration in mouse embryonic stem cells. These results provide an additional insight into adverse effects during gestational diabetes mellitus and a recommendation for expectant mothers and maternity staff to monitor glycaemic levels months ahead of conception. This study also supports the recommendation of using antioxidants during pregnancy to prevent DNA damage by the production of ROS, which might result in heart defects as well as other developmental anomalies.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Omar J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Muhammad Liaque
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom. Electronic address: margaret.pratten@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Margaret K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Pratten
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004249:DNA Damage; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C527783:Sox2 protein, mouse; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse; D005947:Glucose; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
keywords: Chick embryonic cardiomyocytes; Diabetes; Embryotoxicity; Micromass; Mouse embryonic D3 stem cell