title: Diverse Effects of Gut-Derived Serotonin in Intestinal Inflammation.
abstract: The gut is the largest producer of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the human body, and 5-HT has been recognized as an important signaling molecule in the gut for decades. There are two distinct sources of enteric 5-HT. Mucosal 5-HT is predominantly produced by enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and neuronal 5-HT in the gut is produced by serotonergic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The quantity of mucosal 5-HT produced vastly eclipses the amount of neuronal 5-HT in the gut. Though it is difficult to separate the functions of neuronal and mucosal 5-HT, in the normal gut both types of enteric 5-HT work synergistically playing a prominent role in the maintenance of GI functions. In inflammatory conditions of the gut, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recent studies have revealed new diverse functions of enteric 5-HT. Mucosal 5-HT plays an important role in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators from immune cells, and neuronal 5-HT provides neuroprotection in the ENS. Based on searches for terms such as "5-HT", "EC cell", "ENS", and "inflammation" in pubmed.gov as well as by utilizing pertinent reviews, the current review aims to provide an update on the role of enteric 5-HT and its immune mediators in the context of intestinal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.|Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
authors.forename: Md Sharif
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shajib
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.|Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baranov
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.|Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.|Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences , Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: Waliul I
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6282-9514
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D059326:Serotonergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin
keywords: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); enteric 5-HT; enteric nervous system (ENS); enterochromaffin (EC) cells; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)