title: Tetrabromobisphenol A induces cellular damages in pancreatic β-cells in vitro.
abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a well-known organobrominated flame retardant. TBBPA has been detected in the environment. The roles played by environmental pollutants in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome are attracting increasing concern. In the present work, we investigated the effects of TBBPA on rat pancreatic β-cells (the RIN-m5F cell line). RIN-m5F cells were incubated with different concentrations of TBBPA for 48 h, and cell viability and the extent of apoptosis were determined. We also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cardiolipin, as well as the extent of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. TBBPA reduced the ATP level, induced cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release, and triggered apoptotic cell death. Moreover, TBBPA increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), nitric oxide, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial superoxide. Together, our results indicate that TBBPA damages pancreatic β-cells by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Youl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungjoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiology , Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngmi Kim
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonchae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joohun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chon
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000633:toxicity*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005411:Flame Retardants; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D045304:Cytochromes c; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A
keywords: Mitochondrial function; pancreatic β-cell-derived RIN-m5F cells; tetrabromobisphenol A