title: Insights into CCL21's roles in immunosurveillance and immunotherapy for gliomas.
abstract: Chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 21 (CCL21) is involved in immunosurveillance and has recently garnered the attention of neuro-oncologists and neuroscientists. CCL21 contains an extended C-terminus, which increases binding to lymphatic glycosaminoglycans and provides a mechanism for cell trafficking by forming a stationary chemokine concentration gradient that allows cell migration via haptotaxis. CCL21 is expressed by endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in physiologic and pathologic conditions. CCL21 has also been implicated in leukocyte extravasation into the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the role of CCL21 in immunosurveillance and explore its potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Thien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Carlito
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lagman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Lawrance K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Cheng Hao Jacky
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Brittany L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Voth
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: iyang@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D054421:Chemokine CCL21 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005910:Glioma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic
chemical_list: C515478:CCL21 protein, human; D054421:Chemokine CCL21
keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Chemokine CCL21; Exodus-2 chemokine; Glioma