title: Temporal and spatial distributions of PBDEs in atmosphere at Shanghai rural regions, China.
abstract: Atmospheric samples were collected using polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air sampling device for every 3 months from June 2012 to May 2013 in Shanghai rural regions in order to investigate the concentrations, profiles, spatial distributions, and seasonal variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Twelve PBDE congeners (BDE-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-49, BDE-66, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-138, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) were measured and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that detectable PBDEs were examined in all air samples, which indicated that these pollutants are widespread in the research areas. The ∑12PBDE concentrations in Shanghai rural air ranged from 4.49 to 77.5 pg m-3, with mean value up to 26.7 pg m-3. The highest concentration was found at Jinshan sampling site in summer (from June to August in 2012). Furthermore, among the PBDE compounds investigated, the most frequently detected and the major congeners were BDE-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, and BDE-99. And the lower brominated diphenyl ethers (accounting for 75.0%) were the majority of the PBDE congeners. Finally, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the lower and higher brominated diphenyl ethers in Shanghai rural regions were emitted from different pollutant sources.
authors.affiliation: College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.|International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.|College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Nuo-Er
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China. ysding@shmtu.edu.cn.|College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China. ysding@shmtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Bing
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.|College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Mao
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.|IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C572625:2,2',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
keywords: Atmosphere; Distributions; PBDEs; Potential pollutant source; Rural regions