title: Human β-defensin-2 and interleukin-1β expression in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis challenge in mice transplanted with periodontitic human gingiva.
abstract: Inter-individual variability in the host response contributes significantly to expression of periodontal disease. Thus, research into the human host response is considered important in the analysis of periodontal disease. Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is typically produced by epithelial tissues after stimulation with microorganisms and inflammatory mediators, and it contributes to the initial defense in the innate immune response. However, hBD-2 expression in response to infection has not been investigated in human gingival tissue with periodontitis. We examined the response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in an established in vivo model of human gingival grafts with various degrees of periodontitis. We also investigated the expression profile of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Gingival tissues were collected from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (21 with slight-to-moderate disease, 19 with severe disease) during tooth extraction or periodontal surgery. These tissues were transplanted subcutaneously into nu/nu mice. We used real-time PCR to compare the expression of hBD-2 and IL-1β. In slight-to-moderate chronic periodontitis, hBD-2 expression was significantly higher in the stimulated group than in the non-stimulated group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant increase in the group with severe chronic periodontitis. IL-1β expression did not differ between groups. Increased expression of hBD-2 and IL-1β was associated with slight-to-moderate periodontitis (p < 0.05), and there was a significant relationship between decreased hBD-2 and IL-1β expression and severe periodontitis (p < 0.05). The initial expression profile of hBD-2 in P. gingivalis infection differs according to the severity of periodontitis. In addition, changes in hBD-2 and IL-1β expression may be important in the progression of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: To
authors.affiliation: Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Juri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saruta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Sociology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobushiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: tsukinoki@kdu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukinoki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019737:Transplants; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D023083:beta-Defensins
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Host response; In vivo; hBD-2