title: Stabilization of High Oxidation State Upconversion Nanoparticles by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes.
abstract: The stabilization of high oxidation state nanoparticles by N-heterocyclic carbenes is reported. Such nanoparticles represent an important subset in the field of nanoparticles, with different and more challenging requirements for suitable ligands compared to elemental metal nanoparticles. N-Heterocyclic carbene coated NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles were synthesized by a ligand-exchange reaction from a well-defined precursor. This new photoactive material was characterized in detail and employed in the activation of photoresponsive molecules by low-intensity near-infrared light (λ=980 nm).
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6617-3594
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rühling
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamping
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Angewandte Physik, Corrensstrasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Angewandte Physik, Corrensstrasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fallnich
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Bart Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ravoo
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0648-956X
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Glorius
keywords: N-heterocyclic carbenes; NIR-induced reactions; azobenzene; ligand exchange; upconversion nanoparticles