title: Morphology and Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Metopus yantaiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Metopida), with Identification of the Intracellular Bacteria.
abstract: The morphology and infraciliature of a new ciliate, Metopus yantaiensis n. sp., discovered in coastal soil of northern China, were investigated. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following features: nuclear apparatus situated in the preoral dome; 18-21 somatic ciliary rows, of which three extend onto the preoral dome (dome kineties); three to five distinctly elongated caudal cilia, and 21-29 adoral polykinetids. The 18S rRNA genes of this new species and two congeners, Metopus contortus and Metopus hasei, were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The new species is more closely related to M. hasei and the clevelandellids than to other congeners; both the genus Metopus and the order Metopida are not monophyletic. In addition, the digestion-resistant bacteria in the cytoplasm of M. yantaiensis were identified, using a 16S rRNA gene clone library, sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The detected intracellular bacteria are affiliated with Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales, Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria), Pseudomonas (Gammaproteobacteria), Rhodocyclales (Betaproteobacteria), Clostridiales (Firmicutes), and Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycles, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.|Department of Zoology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycles, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycles, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Songbao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycles, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4402-1263
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008853:Microscopy; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
keywords: 
  Metopus contortus
  ; 
  Metopus hasei
  ; Anaerobic ciliates; Armophorea; digestion-resistant bacteria