title: Maturation characteristics of Rubus pennsylvanicus fruit: are black and red the same?
abstract: Fruit of the blackberry, Rubus pennsylvanicus Poir. (Rosaceae), were examined to determine variation in maturation characteristics. Maturation timing and rate varied greatly among individual fruits, resulting in a bi-colored fruiting display comprised largely of two maturation stages, pre-ripe (salmon and scarlet) and ripe (dark brown and black). While ripe fruit were generally larger and heavier than pre-ripe fruit, exhibiting greater fresh and dry fruit weight, diameter, water content, and total seed weight, no significant differences were found in energy content, i.e. numbers of calories per gram pulp, or in pulp:seed ratio. The differences between ripe and pre-ripe fruit appear to be due largely to an increase in water content and seed weight with maturity. The fact that little energetic benefit accrues to the preferential selection of ripe fruit suggests that bi-colored Rubus displays may be considered to be unicolored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Howard University, 20059, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Muriel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Howard University, 20059, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Middendorf
keywords: Fruit energy content; Fruit maturation; Rubus pennsylvanicus