title: The Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) Level and PAI-1 4G/5G Gene Polymorphism with the Formation and the Grade of Endometrial Cancer.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (Serpine 1), and it inhibits both tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator which are important in fibrinolysis. We aimed to find whether there is a possible association between PAI-1 level, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, and endometrial cancer. PAI-1 levels in peripheral blood were determined in 82 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 76 female healthy controls using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Then, the genomic DNA was extracted and screened by reverse hybridization procedure (Strip assay) to detect PAI 1 4G/5G polymorphism. The levels of PAI-1 in the patients were higher statistically in comparison to controls (P < 0.001). The distribution of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was quite different between patients and controls (P = 0.008), and 4G allelic frequency was significantly higher in the patients of endometrial cancer than in controls (P = 0.026). We found significant difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2+3 patients in terms of the PAI-1 levels (P = 0.047). There was no association between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and the grades of endometrial cancer (P = 0.993). Our data suggest that the level of PAI-1 and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism are effective in the formation of endometrial cancer. PAI-1 levels are also associated with the grades of endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Malik Ejder
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-1583
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Savas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-8009
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakuş
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande Küçük
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9172-3244
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kurtulgan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Erzincan University, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey. hkilicgun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3897
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kılıçgün
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-4044
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erşan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevtap
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-9041
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakır
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human
keywords: Endometrial cancer; Grades; PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism; PAI-1 levels