title: Variation in the use of advanced imaging at the time of breast cancer diagnosis in a statewide registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although national guidelines do not recommend extent of disease imaging for patients with newly diagnosed early stage breast cancer given that the harm outweighs the benefits, high rates of testing have been documented. The 2012 Choosing Wisely guidelines specifically addressed this issue. We examined the change over time in imaging use across a statewide collaborative, as well as the reasons for performing imaging and the impact on cost of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathologic data and use of advanced imaging tests (positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and bone scan) were abstracted from the medical records of patients treated at 25 participating sites in the Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative (MiBOQI). For patients diagnosed in 2014 and 2015, reasons for testing were abstracted from the medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 34,078 patients diagnosed with stage 0-II breast cancer between 2008 and 2015 in MiBOQI, 6853 (20.1%) underwent testing with at least 1 imaging modality in the 90 days after diagnosis. There was considerable variability in rates of testing across the 25 sites for all stages of disease. Between 2008 and 2015, testing decreased over time for patients with stage 0-IIA disease (all P < .001) and remained stable for stage IIB disease (P = .10). This decrease in testing over time resulted in a cost savings, especially for patients with stage I disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of advanced imaging at the time of diagnosis decreased over time in a large statewide collaborative. Additional interventions are warranted to further reduce rates of unnecessary imaging to improve quality of care for patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:2975-83. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.|University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: N Lynn
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-5930
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gorski
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.|University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Griggs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D017046:Cost Savings; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012042:Registries; D012923:Social Class; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: CT scan; PET scan; bone scan; breast cancer; cost analysis; diagnostic imaging; health care quality assessment