title: Hemodynamic Adaptations to Regular Exercise in People With Spinal Cord Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the real-time cardiovascular response to the progressive overload exercise in different levels of spinal cord injury (SCI), and to find out whether regular exercise has effect on these cardiovascular responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 8 able-bodied individuals in the control group plus 15 SCI subjects who were divided into two groups by their neurological level of injury: high-level SCI group (T6 or above) and low-level SCI group (T7 or below). Also, subjects were divided into exercise group and non-exercise group by usual exercise habits. We instructed the subjects to perform exercises using arm ergometer according to the protocol and checked plethysmograph for the real time assessment of blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six subjects were included in high-level SCI group (3 cervical, 3 thoracic injuries), 9 subjects in low-level SCI group (9 thoracic injuries), and 8 able-bodied individuals in control group. During arm ergometer-graded exercise, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly lower in high-level SCI subjects of non-exercise group, compared with high-level SCI subjects of exercise group. In addition, HR was significantly higher in low-level SCI group compared with control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant differences in mean arterial pressure of high-level SCI group according to usual exercise habits. We discovered that even in non-athlete high-level SCI, regular exercise can bring cardiac modulation through blood pressure control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.; Center for Exercise Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6861-4250
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hyeong
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0474-4595
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6043-7640
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dongsoo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5764-0610
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Joon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9662-1834
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9061-3350
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4835-5778
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Exercise Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hanul
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5590-1899
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Exercise Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4047-1128
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Center for Exercise Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.; Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: In Deok
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9821-6103
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Kong
keywords: Aerobic exercise; Cardiovascular physiological phenomena; Ergometer; Exercise test; Spinal cord injuries