title: A Multicenter Comparative Study of Impulse Control Disorder in Latin American Patients With Parkinson Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impulse control disorder (ICD) is a common adverse effect in patients with Parkinson disease who receive dopamine agonists; however, other factors are involved in its manifestations. To study the frequency and factors involved in the development of this adverse effect in a Latin American population, we conducted a cross-sectional multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-five patients in 3 Latin American centers were evaluated by examination and application of scales (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 27.4% had ICD, most of whom were on dopamine agonists. Other associated risk factors included a younger age at onset of Parkinson disease, moderate symptoms, a shorter evolution of the clinical manifestations, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorder behavior, and the consumption of tea, mate, and alcohol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of ICD is higher in Latin America than in Anglo-Saxon populations. Consuming tea and mate, in addition to the use of dopamine agonists, is a factor that may demonstrate a genetic link that predisposes patients to the establishment of an ICD.
authors.affiliation: *Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Unit, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; †School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, and Neurological Unit, "Carlos Andrade Marín" Hospital, Quito, Ecuador; and ‡Nueva Granada Military University, Military Hospital, Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carolina Candelaria
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ramírez Gómez
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano Dueñas
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araoz
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sáenz Farret
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aldinio
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montilla
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Micheli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists