title: Functional Connectivity of Multiple Brain Regions Required for the Consolidation of Social Recognition Memory.
abstract: Social recognition memory is an essential and basic component of social behavior that is used to discriminate familiar and novel animals/humans. Previous studies have shown the importance of several brain regions for social recognition memories; however, the mechanisms underlying the consolidation of social recognition memory at the molecular and anatomic levels remain unknown. Here, we show a brain network necessary for the generation of social recognition memory in mice. A mouse genetic study showed that cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription is required for the formation of social recognition memory. Importantly, significant inductions of the CREB target immediate-early genes c-fos and Arc were observed in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 regions), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and amygdala (basolateral region) when social recognition memory was generated. Pharmacological experiments using a microinfusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin showed that protein synthesis in these brain regions is required for the consolidation of social recognition memory. These findings suggested that social recognition memory is consolidated through the activation of CREB-mediated gene expression in the hippocampus/mPFC/ACC/amygdala. Network analyses suggested that these four brain regions show functional connectivity with other brain regions and, more importantly, that the hippocampus functions as a hub to integrate brain networks and generate social recognition memory, whereas the ACC and amygdala are important for coordinating brain activity when social interaction is initiated by connecting with other brain regions. We have found that a brain network composed of the hippocampus/mPFC/ACC/amygdala is required for the consolidation of social recognition memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we identify brain networks composed of multiple brain regions for the consolidation of social recognition memory. We found that social recognition memory is consolidated through CREB-meditated gene expression in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and amygdala. Importantly, network analyses based on c-fos expression suggest that functional connectivity of these four brain regions with other brain regions is increased with time spent in social investigation toward the generation of brain networks to consolidate social recognition memory. Furthermore, our findings suggest that hippocampus functions as a hub to integrate brain networks and generate social recognition memory, whereas ACC and amygdala are important for coordinating brain activity when social interaction is initiated by connecting with other brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanimizu
authors.affiliation: Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G1X8, Canada, and.
authors.forename: Justin W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazune
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadoma
authors.affiliation: Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G1X8, Canada, and.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Frankland
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan, kida@nodai.ac.jp.|Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8038-9583
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; C494364:Crebbp protein, mouse
keywords: CREB; IEGs; brain network; consolidation; social recognition memory