title: Comparison of the effectiveness of soil heating prior or during in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of aged PAH-contaminated soils.
abstract: Thermal treatments prior or during chemical oxidation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils have already shown their ability to increase oxidation effectiveness. However, they were never compared on the same soil. Furthermore, oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (O-PACs), by-products of PAH oxidation which may be more toxic and mobile than the parent PAHs, were very little monitored. In this study, two aged PAH-contaminated soils were heated prior (60 or 90 °C under Ar for 1 week) or during oxidation (60 °C for 1 week) with permanganate and persulfate, and 11 O-PACs were monitored in addition to the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) PAHs. Oxidant doses were based on the stoichiometric oxidant demand of the extractable organic fraction of soils by using organic solvents, which is more representative of the actual contamination than only the 16 US EPA PAHs. Higher temperatures actually resulted in more pollutant degradation. Two treatments were about three times more effective than the others: soil heating to 60 °C during persulfate oxidation and soil preheating to 90 °C followed by permanganate oxidation. The results of this study showed that persulfate effectiveness was largely due to its thermal activation, whereas permanganate was more sensitive to PAH availability than persulfate. The technical feasibility of these two treatments will soon be field-tested in the unsaturated zone of one of the studied aged PAH-contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, UMR 7360 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Site Aiguillettes, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.|Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54001, Nancy cedex, France.|ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635, Gennevilliers, France.
authors.forename: Bérénice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranc
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, UMR 7360 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Site Aiguillettes, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635, Gennevilliers, France.|Element Terre, 2 rue Charles Fourier, 95240, Cormeilles en Parisis, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Croze
authors.affiliation: GeoRessources Laboratoire, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorgeoux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54001, Nancy cedex, France. Marie-Odile.Simonnot@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5670-3405
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Simonnot
mesh_terms: D004787:Environmental Pollution; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Activated persulfate; Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (O-PACs); PAH availability; Permanganate; Remediation; Temperature