title: Coupling Front-End Separations, Ion Mobility Spectrometry, and Mass Spectrometry For Enhanced Multidimensional Biological and Environmental Analyses.
abstract: Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used analytical technique for rapid molecular separations in the gas phase. Though IMS alone is useful, its coupling with mass spectrometry (MS) and front-end separations is extremely beneficial for increasing measurement sensitivity, peak capacity of complex mixtures, and the scope of molecular information available from biological and environmental sample analyses. In fact, multiple disease screening and environmental evaluations have illustrated that the IMS-based multidimensional separations extract information that cannot be acquired with each technique individually. This review highlights three-dimensional separations using IMS-MS in conjunction with a range of front-end techniques, such as gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, liquid chromatography, solid-phase extractions, capillary electrophoresis, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and microfluidic devices. The origination, current state, various applications, and future capabilities of these multidimensional approaches are described in detail to provide insight into their uses and benefits.
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Xueyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Roza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80045.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Yehia M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Kristin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Burnum-Johnson
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; email: erin.baker@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Erin S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005740:Gases; D007477:Ions; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: capillary electrophoresis; drift tube IMS; field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry; gas chromatography; liquid chromatography; microfluidics; solid-phase extraction; structure for lossless ion manipulations; supercritical fluid chromatography