title: Parity Conditions the Risk for Low Birth Weight after Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution.
abstract: Multiparous mothers have greater umbilical blood flow and thus more efficient transport of pollutants than primiparous mothers. We tested a hypothesis that multiparous mothers are more prone to have an infant with low birth weight (LBW) after prenatal exposure to air pollution. A study was conducted on a representative group of more than 74,000 singleton, live, full-term infants. Birth data were obtained from the birth registry, while pollution data were from an environmental monitoring system (Poland). Multiple comparisons were controlled by the false discovery rate procedure (FDR). After standardization, the harmful effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on the odds ratio (OR) for LBW was seen among the multiparous mothers (OR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.06-1.54), while in primiparous mothers it was nonsignificant. The effect of CO on the OR for LBW differed according to parity, which was confirmed by the test for interaction (FDR-adjusted p = 0.03). The interaction between parity and sulfur dioxide (SO2) was statistically nonsignificant (FDR-adjusted p = 0.08). Multiparous mothers may be more vulnerable to CO than primiparous mothers. Parity may be the modifier of the association between pollutants and the risk of LBW.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merklinger-Gruchala
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jasienska
authors.affiliation: c Department of Health and Medical Sciences , Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapiszewska
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide