title: High Throughput Synthesis of Multifunctional Oxide Nanostructures within Nanoreactors Defined by Beam Pen Lithography.
abstract: Reliably obtaining nanostructures of complex oxides over large area with nanoscale resolution and well-controlled shape, spacing, and pattern symmetry remains a major challenge. In this article, millions of nanowells have been routinely generated by beam pen lithography. Each attoliter volume nanowell functions as a "nanoreactor", inside which oxide nanostructures are synthesized from their sol-gel precursors. Importantly, these nanometer scale entities are in single crystalline or textured forms and epitaxial to the underlying substrates, which promises functionalities including ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and multiferroicity. This method provides a general solution which allows one to rapidly screen structural parameters of oxide nanostructures comprising of three or more elements for prominent properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|International Institute for Nanotechnology , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0405-1564
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Yi-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|International Institute for Nanotechnology , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6634-7627
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mirkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|International Institute for Nanotechnology , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Vinayak P
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6007-3063
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Dravid
keywords: beam pen lithography; ferrimagnetism; ferroelectricity; multiferroics; nanofabrication; oxide nanostructures; sol−gel synthesis