title: On-farm feeding interventions to increase milk production in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tropical legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) mixed with ruzi grass feeding on the performance of lactating dairy cows. Eighty-eight lactating dairy cows from 22 smallholder dairy farms northeast of Thailand were assigned to respective dietary treatments according to a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Four cows were selected from each farm and were allocated into two different feeding groups as follows: ruzi grass and P. calcaratus mixed with ruzi grass (1:1 ratio), respectively. All cows were fed with roughage ad libitum with 1:2 ratio of concentrate diet to milk yield. The results revealed that total dry matter intake, ruminal volatile fatty acids, and ammonia nitrogen concentration were enhanced when cows were fed with P. calcaratus mixed with ruzi grass (P < 0.05). Moreover, feeding tropical legume mixed with ruzi grass could increase milk production and milk protein in this study. Importantly, an economical assessment showed that milk income and the profit from milk sale were significantly greater in cows fed the mixture of roughage than those from the non-mixed group. This study concluded that high-quality roughage as tropical legume mixed with ruzi grass at the ratio of 1:1 brought out the remarkable and practical implementation for smallholder dairy farms, and the intervention was practical and deserving of more on-farm intervention.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. metha@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Metha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanapat
authors.affiliation: Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foiklang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kampanat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phesatcha
authors.affiliation: Dairy Farming Promotion Organization of Thailand, Northeast Region (DPO), Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chainarong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paoinn
authors.affiliation: Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thiwakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ampapon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production Technology, Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Muang District, Kalasin, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thitima
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norrapoke
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Education, Phnom Penh, 12401, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Sungchhang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology; D000072480:Farms; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D027805:Phaseolus; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: Dairy crossbreeds; High-quality roughage; Milk production; Phaseolus calcaratus; Smallholder dairy farms