title: 'Males second' strategy in the allocation of sexes by the parasitic wasp, Gryon japonicum.
abstract: Patterns of the sex ratio allocation of Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a solitary egg parasitoid of Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) (Heteroptera: Alydidae), were investigated in the laboratory, and the result was checked against the field data on the sex composition of the parasitoid. When five host eggs were presented simultaneously to each of the females of G. japonicum in a laboratory experiment, they had a strong tendency to lay a male egg in second host egg and female eggs in the others. However, when four host eggs were presented to each female more than 3 h after the completion of oviposition on a host egg, most of the females laid male eggs in the third oviposition, i.e. the second host eggs after the experimental interruption of oviposition. These results indicated that there was a mechanism for G. japonicum to produce a male egg in the second host egg in consecutive ovipositions, and that the mechanism was reset by more than 3 h intervals of oviposition. By this mechanism, G. japonicum is thought to produce the precise sex ratio in response to the size of a host egg batch. Field data on the size of a host egg batch and the sex composition of the parasitoid in a host egg batch supported this view.
authors.affiliation: Division of Entomology, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-1, 305, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashiku, 812, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
keywords: Gryon japonicum; Parasitoid; Precise sex ratio; Riptortus clavatus; Sex allocation