title: Radiologist performance in the interpretation of contrast enemas performed for Hirschsprung's disease in children >1 year of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast enemas (CEs) for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  CE studies performed as part of an HD workup in patients 1-18 years of age over a 10-year period were identified. All abnormal CE studies and an equal number of age-matched controls were included in the final study group. Two radiologists independently and blindly reviewed all CE studies for quality (scale of 0-3) and the presence of large colon calibre, colon redundancy, transition zone, rectosigmoid ratio, and abnormal contractions. Readers also determined whether a rectal biopsy would be recommended to confirm an HD diagnosis. Discrepancies were resolved in consensus. Findings were correlated with surgery and biopsy data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 834 CE studies, 38 abnormal CE studies were identified (mean age 5.9 years) and included 38 matched controls. Seventeen of 76 patients were recommended for rectal biopsy, of which five were confirmed to have HD. Twelve of 70 (17.1%) were false positives, and were clinically confirmed not to have HD. The proportion of HD in the present population was 6/834 (0.72%). Of the 17 recommended for biopsy, CE studies showed 17/17 (100%) with an abnormal rectosigmoid ratio, 16/17 (94.1%) with redundant colon, and 15/17 (88%) with large colon. Of patients not recommended for biopsy, one was diagnosed with HD, (false negative, 16.7%). The diagnostic performance of CE was 83.3% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few children >1 year of age were found to have HD and the diagnostic performance of the CE is moderately high. The CE examination is a valuable non-invasive imaging study to help exclude older children who may not have HD, thereby obviating the need for invasive rectal biopsy and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: tiffanyhwang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Servaes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Anupindi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003287:Contrast Media; D004733:Enema; D005260:Female; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D011871:Radiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate