title: The Effect of Urinary Catheters on Microbial Biofilms and Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine relationship between biofilm producer microorganisms attached to urinary catheters (UCs) and urinary catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), to determine the rate of CAUTI development and the relationship between CAUTI and catheterization period in catheterized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary catheters from 143 inpatients who were hospitalized in Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital Urinary Service, and urine samples of these patients before and after catheterization of urinarycatheter were collected. Culture-based microbiological evaluation of urinary catheters removed from inpatient and urine samples collected from inpatients were performed before and after catheterization of urinary catheter to identify various organisms and determine biofilm production by them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of CAUTIs was 13% (18/143) in catheterized inpatients. Biofilm producer microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli ), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis that were isolated from UCs removed from inpatients were found to cause CAUTI (P &lt; .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of CAUTIs is increased by the usage of UCs and prolonged catheterization period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, T.C. Haliç University, Sütlüce-Beyoğlu/Istanbul 34445, Turkey. kirmusaoglu_sahra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sahra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirmusaoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyhun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yurdugül
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metin
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suphi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vehid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018441:Biofilms; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011512:Proteus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D062885:Urinary Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult