title: Expression Pattern of Smad4/GATA3 as a Predictor of Survival in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smad4 and GATA3 proteins are known prognostic markers in various cancers. Smad4 is a mediator linked to both tumour suppression and progression. GATA3 is a regulator of development and morphogenesis of the mammary gland. We assessed and compared the predictive performance of Smad4 and GATA3 for clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The combined expression pattern based on Smad4+/- and GATA3+/- was evaluated by immunostaining using breast cancer tissue microarray, and the relationships between protein expression and clinicopathological variables were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smad4 expression was only associated with an ill-defined tumour border, whereas GATA3 was associated with several good prognostic factors. On analysis of combined markers, there was a significant difference in the expression of fascin (an important factor for cancer invasiveness) between the Smad4+/GATA3- and Smad4-/GATA3+ groups. Smad4+/GATA3- was correlated with worse clinicopathological parameters, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS), compared to Smad4-/GATA3+.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined markers of Smad4/GATA3 showed a superior performance compared to single markers for predicting RFS and OS in patients with breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyueng-Whan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Dong-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Im
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Seoung Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Kyungeun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: In-Gu
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Jung-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Yuil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sang-Jo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sukjoong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seon Hyeong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yong Lai
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chan Heun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jinwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051901:Smad4 Protein
keywords: Breast cancer; GATA3 protein; Prognosis; Smad4 protein