title: Adipokines: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Vascular Dysfunction in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.
abstract: Adipokines are bioactive molecules that regulate several physiological functions such as energy balance, insulin sensitization, appetite regulation, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. They include proinflammatory cytokines such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin, as well as vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules. In obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin resistance causes impairment of the endocrine function of the perivascular adipose tissue, an imbalance in the secretion of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator molecules, and an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have shown that targeting plasma levels of adipokines or the expression of their receptors can increase insulin sensitivity, improve vascular function, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several reviews have discussed the potential of adipokines as therapeutic targets for type II DM and obesity; however, this review is the first to focus on their therapeutic potential for vascular dysfunction in type II DM and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt; NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Fayoum Medical Student Association, Fayoum, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa Wanees Ahmed
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: El Husseny
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mediana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamdouh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaban
authors.affiliation: NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdelrahman
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1399-6487
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibrahim Abushouk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa Mostafa Mohamed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4341-2713
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abdel-Daim
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines