title: The Smartphone-Based Offline Indoor Location Competition at IPIN 2016: Analysis and Future Work.
abstract: This paper presents the analysis and discussion of the off-site localization competition track, which took place during the Seventh International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2016). Five international teams proposed different strategies for smartphone-based indoor positioning using the same reference data. The competitors were provided with several smartphone-collected signal datasets, some of which were used for training (known trajectories), and others for evaluating (unknown trajectories). The competition permits a coherent evaluation method of the competitors' estimations, where inside information to fine-tune their systems is not offered, and thus provides, in our opinion, a good starting point to introduce a fair comparison between the smartphone-based systems found in the literature. The methodology, experience, feedback from competitors and future working lines are described.
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain. jtorres@uji.es.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres-Sospedra
authors.affiliation: Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), CSIC-UPM, 28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain. antonio.jimenez@csic.es.
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Faculty for Geomatics, Computer Science and Mathematics, HFT Stuttgart-University of Applied Sciences, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany. stefan.knauth@hft-stuttgart.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knauth
authors.affiliation: Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal. adriano.moreira@algoritmi.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: BlockDox, 129 Finchley Road, NW3 6HY London, UK. yaia1309@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. toni.fetzer@fhws.de.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fetzer
authors.affiliation: MICA Institute (HUST-CNRS/UMI2954-Grenoble INP), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam. viet-cuong.ta@inria.fr.
authors.forename: Viet-Cuong
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain. montoliu@uji.es.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montoliu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), CSIC-UPM, 28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain. fernando.seco@csic.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seco
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain. gmendoza@uji.es.
authors.forename: Germán M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain. belfern@uji.es.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Belmonte
authors.affiliation: Faculty for Geomatics, Computer Science and Mathematics, HFT Stuttgart-University of Applied Sciences, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany. athanasios.koukofikis@hft-stuttgart.de.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koukofikis
authors.affiliation: Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal. joao.nicolau@algoritmi.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.affiliation: Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal. antonio.costa@algoritmi.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Computação Gráfica (CCG), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal. filipe.meneses@ccg.pt.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meneses
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. frank.ebner@fhws.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. frank.deinzer@fhws.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deinzer
authors.affiliation: Pervasive Interaction/LIG, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inria, LIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Dominique.Vaufreydaz@inria.fr.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaufreydaz
authors.affiliation: MICA Institute (HUST-CNRS/UMI2954-Grenoble INP), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam. trung-kien.dao@mica.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Trung-Kien
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: MICA Institute (HUST-CNRS/UMI2954-Grenoble INP), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam. eric.castelli@mica.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castelli
keywords: evaluation and benchmarking; indoor localization technology; indoor navigation; smartphone applications