title: Neutrophils and Immunity: From Bactericidal Action to Being Conquered.
abstract: The neutrophil is the major phagocyte and the final effector cell of the innate immunity, with a primary role in the clearance of extracellular pathogens. Using the broad array of cytokines, extracellular traps, and effector molecules as the humoral arm, neutrophils play a crucial role in the host defense against pathogen infections. On the other hand, the pathogen has the capacity to overcome neutrophil-mediated host defense to establish infection causing human disease. Pathogens, such asS. aureus, have the potential to thwart neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis and thereby succeed in evading killing by neutrophils. Furthermore,S. aureussurviving within neutrophils promotes neutrophil cytolysis, resulting in the release of host-derived molecules that promote local inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill the extracellular pathogens and how pathogens evade neutrophils degradation. This review will provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel therapies against infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
authors.forename: Tie-Shan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Ling
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0166-5226
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Nanshi Hospital, Henan University College of Medicine, Nanyang, Henan 453003, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Ying
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0690-4206
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Zhang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7327-0015
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D023084:alpha-Defensins