title: Characterizing Sleep in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
abstract: We studied 28 adolescents/young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 13 age/sex matched individuals of typical development (TD). Structured sleep histories, validated questionnaires, actigraphy (4 weeks), and salivary cortisol and melatonin (4 days each) were collected. Compared to those with TD, adolescents/young adults with ASD had longer sleep latencies and more difficulty going to bed and falling asleep. Morning cortisol, evening cortisol, and the morning-evening difference in cortisol did not differ by diagnosis (ASD vs. TD). Dim light melatonin onsets (DLMOs) averaged across participants were not different for the ASD and TD participants. Average participant scores indicated aspects of poor sleep hygiene in both groups. Insomnia in ASD is multifactorial and not solely related to physiological factors.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Room A-0116, Nashville, TN, 37232-2551, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Room A-0116, Nashville, TN, 37232-2551, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.affiliation: Departments of Behavioral Sciences & Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Room A-0116, Nashville, TN, 37232-2551, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wofford
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Room A-0116, Nashville, TN, 37232-2551, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fawkes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Immunology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laudenslager
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Room A-0116, Nashville, TN, 37232-2551, USA. beth.malow@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: B A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1624-7636
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Malow
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000032:analysis; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Actigraphy; Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale; Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale; Cortisol; Melatonin