title: Parenteral vitamin D supplementation is superior to oral in vitamin D insufficient patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral vitamin D supplementation is better than parenteral in improving vitamin D deficiency in individuals with no systemic illness. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of oral and parenteral routes of vitamin D supplementation on circulating serum 25(OH) vitamin D level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 85 cases of with type 2 diabetes mellitus were screened for vitamin D status of which 71 patients were vitamin D insufficient/deficient. They were randomized into two intent to treat groups with different vitamin D supplementation protocols (a) Oral-60000 IU per day for 5days (group I; n=40) and (b) injectable-300000 IU intramuscularly once (group II; n=31). Baseline and one month post supplementation 25(OH) vitamin D levels were measured in both the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline clinical characteristics and 25(OH) vitamin D levels were comparable in both the groups. Post treatment 25(OH) vitamin D level in group I was 26.06±9.06ng/ml and in group II was 49.69±18.92ng/ml. After one month of vitamin D supplementation, increment in 25(OH) vitamin D level from baseline was significantly higher in group II than group I (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injectable method of supplementation was better than oral route in improving serum 25 (OH) vitamin D status in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study suggested impaired absorption of vitamin D from the gastrointestinal tract in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a need for parenteral route of vitamin D supplementation in deficient patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
authors.forename: Awanindra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
authors.forename: Balram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India; Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Shalbha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India; Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Daliparthy D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Pratyush
authors.affiliation: Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, DNB Trainee, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India. Electronic address: sksendocrine@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Surya Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Injectable/parenteral vitamin D supplementation; Oral vitamin D supplementation; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vitamin D deficiency