title: Toxic effects of perfluorinated compounds at human cellular level and on a model vertebrate.
abstract: This work aims at deepening the understanding of the mode of action of some of the most prominent perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) by detecting in a realistic way their effects. To this end, after adjusting the exposure media taking into account the biological model employed and the physico-chemical properties of PFCs, we evaluated the toxic effects of PFOA, PFOS and PFNA in a human macrophage cell line (TLT cells) and in zebrafish embryos. We performed such evaluation on individual compounds and mixtures. Acute toxicity was greater for PFOS in zebrafish; however, it was greater for PFNA in TLT cells. PFNA was also the compound producing the greatest levels of oxidative stress, both in zebrafish and TLT cells. Additionally, in both biological systems, it showed a much stronger effect on mixtures in comparison to the others PFCs tested in this work. Mixture studies in zebrafish showed that acute toxicity depended on the concentration and that the mixture was far more toxic than the individual compounds. This study highlights the importance of studying PFCs in realistic conditions on various biological models.
authors.affiliation: Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain. Electronic address: srainieri@azti.es.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rainieri
authors.affiliation: Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Conlledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoce, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tomaž
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langerholc
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Eneko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Madorran
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barranco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: In vitro; In vivo; Mixtures; Oxidative stress; PFCs; Toxicity; Zebrafish