title: Chemical Constituents of Smilax china L. Stems and Their Inhibitory Activities against Glycation, Aldose Reductase, α-Glucosidase, and Lipase.
abstract: The search for natural inhibitors with anti-diabetes properties has gained increasing attention. Among four selected Smilacaceae family plants,Smilax chinaL. stems (SCS) showed significant in vitro anti-glycation and rat lens aldose reductase inhibitory activities. Bioactivity-guided isolation was performed with SCS and four solvent fractions were obtained, which in turn yielded 10 compounds, including one phenolic acid, three chlorogenic acids, four flavonoids, one stilbene, and one phenylpropanoid glycoside; their structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. All solvent fractions, isolated compounds, and stem extracts from plants sourced from six different provinces of South Korea were next tested for their inhibitory effects against advanced glycation end products, as well as aldose reductase. α-Glucosidase, and lipase assays were also performed on the fractions and compounds. Since compounds3,4,6, and8appeared to be the superior inhibitors among the tested compounds, a comparative study was performed via high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection using a self-developed analysis method to confirm the relationship between the quantity and bioactivity of the compounds in each extract. The findings of this study demonstrate the potent therapeutic efficacy of SCS and its potential use as a cost-effective natural alternative medicine against type 2 diabetes and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Botany Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea. y-u-h-r214@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Hee Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Botany Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea. jinakim@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Botany Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea. whang-wk@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Wan Kyunn
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Whang
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D032281:Smilax / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006027:Glycosides; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013267:Stilbenes; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D008049:Lipase; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; C017616:phenolic acid; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Smilax china L.; advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory assay; aldose reductase inhibitory assay; bioactivity-guided isolation; lipase inhibitory assay; α-glucosidase inhibitory assay