title: Effect of lipid-based dry eye supplements on the tear film in wearers of eye cosmetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects on tear film parameters and contamination in cosmetic eyeliner wearers, after single application of two lipid-based dry eye treatments: a lipid-containing lubricant eye drop and a phospholipid liposomal spray.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty participants were enrolled in a prospective, randomised, paired-eye, investigator-masked trial. Pencil eyeliner (Body Shop®Crayon Eye Definer) was applied to the upper eyelid periocular skin of both eyes, anterior to the lash line. Baseline tear film quality was assessed fifteen minutes after eyeliner application. A lubricant drop (Systane®Balance) was then applied to one eye (randomised), and liposomal spray (Tears Again®) to the contralateral eye. Tear film contamination, lipid layer grade, non-invasive tear film break-up time and tear evaporation rate were evaluated fifteen minutes post-treatment and compared to pre-treatment values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-treatment measurements did not differ between eyes assigned to lubricant drop and liposomal spray. Tear film contamination was observed in a greater proportion of eyes following both treatments (both p<0.05), with no significant difference between treatments (p=0.41). Both treatments improved lipid layer thickness (both p≤0.01), but effected no significant change in non-invasive tear film break-up time or tear evaporation rate (all p>0.05). Changes in tear film parameters did not differ between treatments (all p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the lipid-containing lubricant eye drop and phospholipid liposomal spray result in clinically apparent tear film contamination in eyeliner cosmetic wearers. Although both treatments effected an increase in lipid layer thickness, neither displayed clinical efficacy in improving tear film stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michael T M
authors.initials: MTM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Optometry and Vision Science, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Irene Sung Hee
authors.initials: ISH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Optometry and Vision Science, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Soo Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jp.craig@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Jennifer P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008081:Liposomes; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
keywords: Contamination; Dry eye; Eye cosmetics; Lipid layer; Tear film; Tear film stability