title: Effects of particulate matter on respiratory disease and the impact of meteorological factors in Busan, Korea.
abstract: Both air pollution and weather impact hospitalization for respiratory diseases. However, few studies have investigated the contribution of weather to hospitalization related to the adverse effects of air pollution. This study analyzed the effects of particulate matter (PM) on daily respiratory-related hospital admissions, taking into account meteorological factors.
  
  
  
  Daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases (acute bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) between 2007 and 2010 were extracted from the National Health Insurance Corporation, Korea. Patients were divided into three age-based groups (0-15, 16-64, and ≥65 years). PM levels were obtained from 19 monitoring stations in Busan.
  
  
  
  The mean number of patients admitted for acute bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma was 5.8 ± 11.9, 4.4 ± 6.1, and 3.3 ± 3.3, respectively. During that time, the daily mean PM10and PM2.5concentrations were 49.6 ± 20.5 and 24.2 ± 10.9 μg/m3, respectively. The mean temperature anomaly was 7.0 ± 2.3 °C; the relative humidity was 62.0 ± 18.0%. Hospital admission rates for respiratory diseases increased with increasing PM and temperature, and with decreasing relative humidity. A multivariate analysis including PM, temperature anomaly, relative humidity, and age showed a significant increase in respiratory-related admissions with increasing PM levels and a decreasing relative humidity. Higher PM2.5levels had a greater effect on respiratory-related hospital admission than did PM10levels. Children and the elderly were the most susceptible to hospital admission for respiratory disease.
  
  
  
  PM levels and meteorological factors impacted hospitalization for respiratory diseases, especially in children and the elderly. The effect of PM on respiratory diseases increased as the relative humidity decreased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Climate Research Department, APEC Climate Center, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Seop
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Climate Research Department, APEC Climate Center, Busan, South Korea; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seop
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Uk
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea. Electronic address: parkhk@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hye-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014887:Weather; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Hospitalization; Particulate matter; Relative humidity; Respiratory diseases; Temperature