title: Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (INOCA): Developing Evidence-Based Therapies and Research Agenda for the Next Decade.
abstract: The Cardiovascular Disease in Women Committee of the American College of Cardiology, in conjunction with interested parties (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, American Heart Association, and European Society of Cardiology), convened a working group to develop a consensus on the syndrome of myocardial ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries. In general, these patients have elevated risk for a cardiovascular event (including acute coronary syndrome, heart failure hospitalization, stroke, and repeat cardiovascular procedures) compared with reference subjects and appear to be at higher risk for development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A subgroup of these patients also has coronary microvascular dysfunction and evidence of inflammation. This document provides a summary of findings and recommendations for the development of an integrated approach for identifying and managing patients with ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries and outlines knowledge gaps in the area. Working group members critically reviewed available literature and current practices for risk assessment and state-of-the-science techniques in multiple areas, with a focus on next steps needed to develop evidence-based therapies. This report presents highlights of this working group review and a summary of suggested research directions to advance this field in the next decade.
authors.affiliation: From Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (C.N.B.M.); Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (C.J.P.); St. Vincent Heart Transplant, Indianapolis, IN (M.N.W.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.L.F.). merz@cshs.org.
authors.forename: C Noel
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bairey Merz
authors.affiliation: From Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (C.N.B.M.); Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (C.J.P.); St. Vincent Heart Transplant, Indianapolis, IN (M.N.W.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.L.F.).
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pepine
authors.affiliation: From Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (C.N.B.M.); Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (C.J.P.); St. Vincent Heart Transplant, Indianapolis, IN (M.N.W.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.L.F.).
authors.forename: Mary Norine
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: From Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (C.N.B.M.); Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (C.J.P.); St. Vincent Heart Transplant, Indianapolis, IN (M.N.W.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.L.F.).
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fleg
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
keywords: heart diseases; ischemia