title: Executive function as a mediator in the link between single or complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents.
abstract: In this study, we examined whether there is a mediating role of executive function (EF) in the relationship between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress in youth.
  
  
  
  Children and adolescents exposed to trauma were recruited at an academic center for child psychiatry in The Netherlands. The total sample consisted of 119 children from 9 to 17 years old (M = 13.65, SD = 2.45). Based on retrospective life event information, the sample was divided into three groups: a single trauma group (n = 41), a complex trauma group (n = 38), and a control group that was not exposed to traumatic events (n = 40).
  
  
  
  Our findings revealed that youth exposed to complex trauma had more deficits in EF compared to youth in the single trauma and control groups. EF was found to partly mediate posttraumatic stress symptoms for youth exposed to complex trauma, but not for youth exposed to single trauma. Youth exposed to complex trauma showed more deficits in EF, which was in turn associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms.
  
  
  
  Our findings provide partial support for the role of EF in mediating posttraumatic stress outcomes for youth exposed to complex trauma. This points to the important role of EF in the etiology and treatment of complexly traumatized youth.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.opdenkelder@uva.nl.|De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.opdenkelder@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Rosanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Op den Kelder
authors.affiliation: De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith B M
authors.initials: JBM
authors.lastname: Ensink
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geertjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Overbeek
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maric
authors.affiliation: De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ramón J L
authors.initials: RJL
authors.lastname: Lindauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Executive functions; PTSD; Posttraumatic stress; Trauma; Youth