title: Exercise training and high-fat diet elicit endocannabinoid system modifications in the rat hypothalamus and hippocampus.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of chronic exercise on the hypothalamus and hippocampus levels of the endocannabinoids (eCBs) anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and of two AEA congeners and on the expression of genes coding for CB1, CB2 receptors (Cnr1 and Cnr2, respectively), and the enzymes responsible for eCB biosynthesis and degradation, in rats fed with a standard or high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats (n = 28) were placed on a 12-week high-fat (HFD) or standard diet period, followed by 12 weeks of exercise training for half of each group. Tissue levels of eCBs and related lipids were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and expression of genes coding for CB1 and CB2 receptors and eCB metabolic enzymes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HFD induced a significant increase in 2-AG (p < 0.01) in hypothalamus. High-fat diet paired with exercise training had no effect on AEA, 2-AG, and AEA congener levels in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Cnr1 expression levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus in response to HFD, exercise, and the combination of both (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that eCB signaling in the CNS is sensitive to diet and/or exercise.
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. francois-xavier.gamelin-2@univ-lille2.fr.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France. francois-xavier.gamelin-2@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gamelin
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aucouturier
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, I-80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio Arturo
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Iannotti
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, I-80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, I-80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzarella
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, I-80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aveta
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leriche
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cieniewski-Bernard
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leclair
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bastide
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, I-80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Marzo
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.|Equipe d'Accueil 7369, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - Equipe Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heyman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015870:Gene Expression; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D063388:Endocannabinoids; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid
keywords: 2-arachidonoylglycerol; Anandamide; CB1 receptor; CB2 receptor; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus