title: Arsenic Relative Bioavailability in Rice Using a Mouse Arsenic Urinary Excretion Bioassay and Its Application to Assess Human Health Risk.
abstract: A steady-state mouse model was developed to determine arsenic (As) relative bioavailability (RBA) in rice to refine As exposure in humans. Fifty-five rice samples from 15 provinces of China were analyzed for total As, with 11 cooked for As speciation and bioavailability assessment. Arsenic concentrations were 38-335 μg kg-1, averaging 133 μg kg-1, with AsIIIbeing dominant (36-79%), followed by DMAV(18-58%) and AsV(0.5-16%). Following oral doses of individual As species to mice at low As exposure (2.5-15 μg As per mouse) over a 7-d period, strong linear correlations (R2= 0.99) were observed between As urinary excretion and cumulative As intake, suggesting the suitability and sensitivity of the mouse bioassay to measure As-RBA in rice. Urinary excretion factor for DMAV(0.46) was less than inorganic As (0.63-0.69). As-RBA in cooked rice ranged from 13.2 ± 2.2% to 53.6 ± 11.1% (averaging 27.0 ± 12.2%) for DMAVand 26.2 ± 7.0% to 49.5 ± 4.7% (averaging 39.9 ± 8.3%) for inorganic As. Calculation of inorganic As intake based on total inorganic As in rice overestimated As exposure by 2.0-3.7 fold compared to that based on bioavailable inorganic As. For accurate assessment of the health risk associated with rice consumption, it is important to consider As bioavailability especially inorganic As in rice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.|China-Russia Joint Laboratory of Plasma Technologies, Laser Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences , Jining 27000, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Jiao
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.|Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
authors.forename: Lena Q
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8463-9957
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000652:urine; D001681:Biological Assay; D001682:Biological Availability; D005506:Food Contamination; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic