title: Cannabis and Young Users-A Brief Intervention to Reduce Their Consumption (CANABIC): A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Primary Care.
abstract: Brief intervention to reduce cannabis is a promising technique that could be adapted for use in primary care, but it has not been well studied in this setting. We tested the efficacy of a brief intervention conducted by general practitioners among cannabis users aged 15 to 25 years.
  
  
  
  We performed a cluster randomized controlled trial with 77 general practitioners in France. The intervention consisted of an interview designed according to the FRAMES (feedback, responsibility, advice, menu, empathy, self-efficacy) model, while the control condition consisted of routine care.
  
  
  
  The general practitioners screened and followed up 261 young cannabis users. After 1 year, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the median number of joints smoked per month among all users (17.5 vs 17.5;P= .13), but there was a difference in favor of the intervention among nondaily users (3 vs 10;P= .01). After 6 months, the intervention was associated with a more favorable change from baseline in the number of joints smoked (-33.3% vs 0%,P= .01) and, among users younger than age of 18, smoking of fewer joints per month (12.5 vs 20,P= .04).
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that a brief intervention conducted by general practitioners with French young cannabis users does not affect use overall. They do, however, strongly support use of brief intervention for younger users and for moderate users.
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France Catherine.laporte@udamail.fr.|Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.|CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Pharmacology Departement - Clinical Investigation Centre (Inserm CIC 501), Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaillant-Roussel
authors.affiliation: CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Office for Clinical research and Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.|CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry B, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eschalier
authors.affiliation: Univ Bordeaux, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
authors.forename: Shérazade
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinouani
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.|CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry B, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brousse
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.|CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry B, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Michel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.|Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medecine, EA4681, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vorilhon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D058006:General Practice / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000628:therapy*; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods*; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D057566:Self Report; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: addiction; brief intervention; general practice; marijuana; practice-based research; primary care; public health