title: Rational Design and Applications of Semisynthetic Modular Biosensors: SNIFITs and LUCIDs.
abstract: Biosensors are used in many fields to measure the concentration of analytes, both in a cellular context and in human samples for medical care. Here, we outline the design of two types of modular biosensors: SNAP-tag-based indicators with a Fluorescent Intramolecular Tether (SNIFITs) and LUCiferase-based Indicators of Drugs (LUCIDs). These semisynthetic biosensors quantitatively measure analyte concentrations in vitro and on cell surfaces by an intramolecular competitive mechanism. We provide an overview of how to design and apply SNIFITs and LUCIDs.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farrants
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiblot
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Griss
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. kai.johnsson@epfl.ch.|Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Chemical Biology, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. kai.johnsson@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnsson
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002460:Cell Line; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Biosensors; CLIP-tag; Cell-surface biosensors; Intramolecular ligands; Polyproline linkers; Protein engineering; Protein switches; SNAP-tag; Self-labeling proteins; Therapeutic drug monitoring