title: Dyslipidaemia as a risk factor in the occurrence of stroke in Nigeria: prevalence and patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and smoking are some of the common modifiable risk factors in the occurrence of stroke. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia among individuals with acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in the Departments of Medicine at the LAUTECH Teaching hospital, Ogbomoso and General Hospital, Orile-Agege, Lagos, South-West, Nigeria, over a 18-month period between September 2012 and February 2014. One hundred and six (106) patients with acute stroke confirmed with computed tomography (CT) brain scan were recruited. Clinical features, risk factors, lipid profiles and stroke patterns were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was significantly higher in ischaemic stroke compared to haemorrhagic (64.08±10.87 Vs, 56.21±12.38years, p=0.001). There was slight male preponderance in both stroke types (1.3:1). Out of 106 patients, 65 (61.3%) had ischaemic stroke, 38 (35.8%) intracerebral haemorrhage and 3 (2.9%) with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Dyslipidaemia is the most frequent risk factor (85.9%), followed by hypertension (66.0%) and diabetes mellitus (15.1%). Dyslipidaemia was significantly higher in the ischaemic stroke compared to haemorrhagic. Reduced HDL-cholesterol is the most prevalent fraction of lipid abnormalities (74.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidaemia, particularly low HDL-C, was the most frequent risk factor in our patients with stroke. Hence, prevention of dyslipidaemia as well as other risk factors is key to reducing the burden of stroke in our country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Unit, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, and College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michael Adeyemi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Olamoyegun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, General Hospital, Odan, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akinyele Taofiq
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Akinlade
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, and Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michael Bimbola
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fawale
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos state.
authors.forename: Anthonia Okeoghene
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ogbera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Stroke; dyslipidaemia; patterns; prevalence; risk factors