title: Techniques to Optimize Multimodal Analgesia in Ambulatory Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ambulatory surgery has grown in popularity in recent decades due to the advancement in both surgical and anesthetic techniques resulting in quicker recovery times, fewer complications, higher patient satisfaction, and reduced costs of care. We review common approaches to multimodal analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multimodal approach can help reduce perioperative opioid requirements and improve patient recovery. Analgesic options may include NSAIDs, acetaminophen, gabapentinoids, corticosteroids, alpha-2 agonists, local anesthetics, and the use of regional anesthesia. We highlight important aspects related to pain management in the ambulatory surgery setting. A coordinated approach is required by the entire healthcare team to help expedite patient recovery and facilitate a resumption of normal activity following surgery. Implementation and development of standardized analgesic protocols will further improve patient care and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cefalu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Josef S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. rurman@partners.org.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Urman
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local
keywords: Ambulatory; Analgesia; Anesthesia; Multimodal; NSAIDs; Opioid; Pain management