title: The Evaluation of Fibrin-Related Markers for Diagnosing or Predicting Acute or Subclinical Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Major Orthopedic Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cutoff values of fibrin-related markers (FRMs) diagnosing or predicting the occurrence of a venous thromboembolism (VTE) were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibrin-related markers such as fibrin monomer complex (FMC), D-dimer, and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDPs) before surgery were measured in 326 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery to diagnose subclinical VTE or predict postoperative VTE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the FMC, D-dimer, and FDP levels were all useful for the diagnosis of acute VTE, the FDP level was not useful for diagnosing subclinical VTE or predicting postoperative VTE. The results of several D-dimer assays closely correlated with other D-dimer assays. There were various cutoff ranges for diagnosing or predicting VTE. Some D-dimer assays were useful for diagnosing low levels of D-dimer and others were useful for diagnosing moderate to high D-dimer levels. Increased D-dimer levels were useful for diagnosing acute (cutoff values: 2.0-5.9 μg/mL) or about 10% of subclinical VTE (cutoff values: 3.4-5.3 μg/mL), for predicting about 10% of postoperative VTE (cutoff values: 3.4-5.3 μg/mL), and for excluding VTE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although increased D-dimer levels were useful for diagnosing subclinical VTE and predicting the risk of VTE, there were various cutoff values for the diagnosis or prediction of VTE.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Molecular and Laboratory Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Molecular and Laboratory Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Blood Transfusion, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Blood Transfusion, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.affiliation: 4 Central Laboratory, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: 4 Central Laboratory, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: D-dimer; FMC; FRMs; VTE; orthopedic surgery