title: Interactions between PPAR Gamma and the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Colon Cancer.
abstract: In both colon cancer and type 2 diabetes, metabolic changes induced by upregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) may help account for the frequent association of these two diseases. In both diseases, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In colon cancer, upregulation of the canonical Wnt system induces activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and deactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. As a result, a large part of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through activation of lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate is extruded out of the cell by means of activation of monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1. This phenomenon is called Warburg effect. PPAR gamma agonists induce beta-catenin inhibition, while inhibition of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activates PPAR gamma.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital de Meaux, Meaux, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0437-4862
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lecarpentier
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.affiliation: CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9158-4467
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallée
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6049-0601
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hébert