title: Preliminary validation study of the Russian Birmingham Cognitive Screen.
abstract: The Birmingham Cognitive Screen (BCoS) is designed for use with individuals who have acquired language impairment following stroke. Our goal was to develop a Russian version of the BCoS (Rus-BCoS) by translating the battery following cultural and linguistic adaptations and establishing preliminary data on its psychometric properties.
  
  
  
  Fifty patients with left-hemisphere stroke were recruited, of whom 98% were diagnosed with mild to moderate aphasia. To check whether the Rus-BCoS provides stable and consistent scores, internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater types of reliability were determined. Eight participants with stroke and 20 neurologically intact participants were assessed twice. To inspect the discriminative power of the battery, 63 participants without brain impairment were tested with the Rus-BCoS. Additionally, the Russian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Quantitative Assessment of Speech in Aphasia, and Luria's Neuropsychological Assessment Battery were used to examine convergent validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the Rus-BCoS.
  
  
  
  The internal consistency as well as test-retest and interrater reliability of the Rus-BCoS satisfied criteria for the research use. Performance on a majority of tasks in the battery correlated significantly with independently validated tests that putatively measure similar cognitive processes. Critically, all patients with aphasia returned nonzero scores in at least one task in all the Rus-BCoS sections, with the exception of the Controlled Attention section where two patients with severe executive control deficits could not perform.
  
  
  
  The Rus-BCoS shows promise as a comprehensive cognitive screening tool that can be used by clinicians working with Russian-speaking persons experiencing poststroke aphasia after much further validation and development of reliable normative standards. Given a lack of quantitative neuropsychological assessment tools in Russia, however, we contend the Rus-BCoS offers potential benefits to clinicians and patients. However, data from research studies with a broader sample of Russian speakers are needed.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Communication Science, Faculty of Education , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuzmina
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Communication Science, Faculty of Education , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong.|b Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Medical Science , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Communication Science, Faculty of Education , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong.|b Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Medical Science , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Riddoch
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology , National Research University Higher School of Economics , Moscow , Russia.|d Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Skvortsov
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Communication Science, Faculty of Education , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong.|e School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: B S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2412-7933
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Weekes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001037:Aphasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012426:Russia; D014175:Translating
keywords: Aphasia; Russian; neuropsychological assessment; stroke; validation study