title: Assessment of Th17/Treg cells and Th cytokines in an improved immune thrombocytopenia mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The improved passive immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mouse model has been extensively utilized for the study of ITP. However, how closely this model matches the human inflammation state and immune background is unclear. Our study aimed to explore the profile of Th cytokines and Th17/Treg cells in the model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We induced the ITP mouse model by dose-escalation injection of MWReg30. The serum levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and TGF-β1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the frequency of Th17 and Treg cells was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Foxp3 and RORrt was measured by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of cytokines IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-4, and IL-10 were significantly lower in ITP mice. The secretion of serum proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-17A and the percentage of Th17 cells showed no statistically significant increase. In ITP mice the frequency of Treg cells and mRNA expression of Foxp3 was significantly lower in splenocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the improved passive ITP mouse model does not mimic the autoimmune inflammatory process of human ITP. Compared with human ITP, this model has a similar change in frequency of Treg cells, which may directly or indirectly result from antibody-mediated platelet destruction due to attenuated release of TGF-β.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Guoyang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: c Department of Hematology , Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou , China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Hongyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Shuangfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Xiuju
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Yudan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.|d Department of General Surgery , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Jianxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.|b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3
keywords: Immune thrombocytopenia; Th cytokines; Th17; Treg; mouse model