title: High Blood Pressure States in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Associate Accelerated Vascular Aging, with a Higher Impact in Females' Arterial Properties.
abstract: The aims of the study were to determine (1) whether the presence of High blood pressure (HBP) states in the youth associate a steeper rate of age-related change in arterial geometrical and wall properties with respect to subjects with no previous cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) exposure, (2) in which parameters and in what magnitude, and (3) the existence of a gender-related difference in the impact of this condition on arterial properties. 300 individuals (mean/range: 15/4-29 years; 133 females) were included. Two groups were assembled: (1) Reference: nonprevious exposure to traditional CRF and (2) HBP: subjects with arterial hypertension and/or elevated blood pressure (BP) levels during the study. Additionally, HBP subjects were separated in BP-related subgroups. Measured parameters were (1) central (aortic) arterial BP and aortic pulse wave analysis parameters, (2) carotid and femoral artery local (pressure-strain elastic modulus) and regional (pulse wave velocity; PWV) stiffness, and (3) arterial diameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Age-related changes in these parameters (absolute values and z-scores) were explored by obtaining simple linear regression models for each group. HBP presented a steeper rate of change (accelerated vascular aging; VA) for most of the parameters assessed, mainly in central (aortic) hemodynamics. VA increased as the HBP level got higher. Both males' and females' aging rates were affected by this condition, but females presented a more marked relative age-related increase with HBP exposure. HBP states in the youth gradually associate accelerated VA, with a progressive hemodynamic-structural-functional onset of damage, with females presenting a more marked relative HBP-associated arterial repercussion.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García-Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.|Basic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, Republic University, Avenida Italia w/n, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.affiliation: Clínica Pediátrica "C", Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, ASSE - Republic University, Boulevard Artigas 1550, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arana
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, ASSE-Ministry of Public Health, Boulevard Artigas 1550, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.affiliation: Clínica Pediátrica "C", Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, ASSE - Republic University, Boulevard Artigas 1550, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giachetto
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bia
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Republic University, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay. yana@fmed.edu.uy.
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zócalo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Childhood; Gender differences; Growth-related changes; Hypertension; Vascular aging