title: Change in muscle strength and muscle mass in older hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Hospitalization may induce a decrease of muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients due to physical inactivity, malnutrition and diseases, negatively affecting health outcome. We aimed to examine the literature on change in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients during hospitalization. A literature search was performed in major electronic databases from inception to March 2016. Studies including hospitalized patients with a mean age≥65years, describing change of hand grip strength and/or muscle mass were found eligible. Extracted data were divided in hand grip strength or muscle mass and stratified by elective or acute admission. Meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Twenty-five studies were included, describing a total of 1789 patients with a mean age range of 65 to 85.8years and an overall median length of stay of 14.7days. Pooled hand grip strength and muscle mass were found to significantly decrease in electively admitted older patients during hospitalization (standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval): -0.42 (-0.66, -0.17) and -0.44 (-0.61, -0.27)), but not in acutely admitted older patients (standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval): 0.18 (-0.02, 0.37) and -0.25 (-0.58, 0.09)). In conclusion, decrease in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients is dependent on the type of admission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, van der Boechorstraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.m.van.ancum@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Jeanine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Van Ancum
authors.affiliation: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.scheerman@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Kira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, van der Boechorstraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.h.jonkman@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Nini H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Jonkman
authors.affiliation: GERION, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: evasmeenk@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Hanne E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Smeenk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.kruizinga@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Roeliene C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kruizinga
authors.affiliation: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.meskers@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Carel G M
authors.initials: CGM
authors.lastname: Meskers
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, van der Boechorstraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: andrea.maier@mh.org.au.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Acute admission; Elective admission; Hospitalization; Muscle mass; Muscle strength; Older patients