title: [Detection of Signs of Thrombus Formation in Patients With Typical Atrial Flutter].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to assess rate of detection of markers of thrombi formation and to determine whether transthoracic echocardiography data or clinical characteristics predict severe left atrial appendage [LAA] dysfunction (low LAA velocity, severe spontaneous echo contrast [SEC], LAA thrombus) in patients with typical atrial flutter (AFl).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive 406 patients (299 with atrial fibrillation [AFib] and 107 with AFl) underwent transesophageal echocardiography before cardioversion. Mean age was 59.3 years, mean CHA2DS2-VASc score- 1.86, mean LAA velocity - 37.02 cm/s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with patients with AF those with AFl had lower rate of detection of markers of thrombi formation (p<0.05). Among patients with AFl 1.8% had SEC grade 4+, 7.4% - LAA velocity less or equal 25 cm/s. LAA thrombus was found in 2.8 and 8.1% of patients with AFl and AFib, respectively. Prevalence of thrombi in left ventricular (LV) cavity was significantly higher inpatients with AFl (3.13 vs. 0.3% in patients with AFib, p=0.02). In patients with AFl systolic LV dysfunction was the main and ost significant predictor of severe LAA dysfunction and presence LV thrombus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AFl associated high risk of embolic events is primarily determined by its adverse effect on LV function.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center Institute of Cardiology im. Acad. N.D. Strazhesko NAMS of Ukraina, Nrodnogo Opolchenia str., 5, 03680 Kiev, Ukraina.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Sychov
authors.affiliation: National Research Center Institute of Cardiology im. Acad. N.D. Strazhesko NAMS of Ukraina, Nrodnogo Opolchenia str., 5, 03680 Kiev, Ukraina.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Borodai
authors.affiliation: National Research Center Institute of Cardiology im. Acad. N.D. Strazhesko NAMS of Ukraina, Nrodnogo Opolchenia str., 5, 03680 Kiev, Ukraina.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Borodai