title: Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases.
abstract: It is well established that organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumour cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before metastatic spread has even occurred. Sowing the 'seeds' of metastasis requires the action of tumour-secreted factors and tumour-shed extracellular vesicles that enable the 'soil' at distant metastatic sites to encourage the outgrowth of incoming cancer cells. In this Review, we summarize the main processes and new mechanisms involved in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche.
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.|Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Irina R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Matei
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.|Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Costa-Silva
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Ayuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.|Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Goncalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors.forename: Bethan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Psaila
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-Hatfield CRC, Room 1-3940, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Rosandra N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.|Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Mina J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bissell
authors.affiliation: The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Amato J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giaccia
authors.affiliation: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
authors.forename: Janine T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Erler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiratsuka
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Cyrus M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ghajar
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lyden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment