title: [Observations on the life biology of Pycnogonum litorale (Ström) (Pantopoda)].
abstract: Pycnogonum litorale lives in an interstitial system, of the mussel zone on the embankment of the Jadebusen. Hard substrate, high humidity at low tide, sufficient Metridium senile as food, and active currents together with protection from drifting, constitute favourable conditions for this pycnogonid.Prior to laying egg in February, the male remains in a riding position upon the female for approximately 24 days. Under artificial short-day conditions the riding position may also be assumed outside of the reproductive period. The eggs are transported to the ovigers of the male by trunk movements of both partners. At 12°C the larvae hatch about 41-46 days after egg-laying. No larvae hatched from eggs laid during summer at 19°C.The larvae live endoparasitically in Hydrozoa for about 1/2 year. Following metamorphosis, the freeliving juvenile phase lasts barely a year. The maturation moult normally takes place in the summer of the second year, the reproductive period beginning about 6 months later, in winter.
authors.affiliation: II. Zoologisches Institute der Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Hans-Werner
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Biologie der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bückmann