Aging of paper - Ultra-fast quantification of 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, as a key chromophore in cellulosics, by reactive paper spray-mass spectrometry.
The detection of individual chromophores that contribute to the overall discoloration of paper or pulp ("yellowing") is a challenge because these substances are only present in extremely small amounts (ppm to ppb range). In this work, paper spray (PS) coupled with mass spectrometry was used to detect a low-concentrated cellulosic key-chromophore, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP). Sensitivity was enhanced by derivatization with Girard's reagent T (GT). DHAP was successfully detected in historic paper samples and also was applied to model papers in order to investigate different factors that influence its generation: temperature, time, relative humidity, and the presence of iron ions, by means of a full factorial design. The main factors, temperature and relative humidity, have the most impact on the generation of DHAP, but the interactions between the factors are also significant and are therefore important for the degradation process. The historical papers containing DHAP were then compared to the artificially aged samples. The results were confirmed by independent, accurate mass measurements.
Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Schedl
Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Zweckmair
Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Kikul
Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Henniges
Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Rosenau
Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria. Electronic address: antje.potthast@boku.ac.at.
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Potthast
D000098:Acetophenones / Q000032:analysis*; D001622:Betaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D010209:Paper; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
D000098:Acetophenones; D001622:Betaine; C019339:2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone; C012332:Girard's reagent T
2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone; Artificial aging; Chromophores; Experimental design; Girard's reagent T; Paper aging; Reactive paper spray-MS; Yellowing