Effects of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide sanitation in low bacterial content water on biofilm formation model of poultry brooding house waterlines.
An in vitro experiment was performed to determine if biofilm would develop when polyvinylchloride (PVC) test coupons (material used for poultry waterlines) were exposed to low bacterial content warm water (≤1000 cfu/mL, test water) and also to determine if biofilm development would be influenced by adding a sanitizer. PVC sections 2.54 cm long and internal diameter of 1. 90 cm were used as test coupons to grow biofilm. Two coupons were immersed in 600 mL test water in a beaker. Nine beakers were utilized similarly with a total of 18 coupons. Three beakers (T1) were treated with a chlorine (Cl) based product (targeted to produce 2 to 4 ppm residual) and the other 3 (T2) with hydrogen peroxide a (HP) based product (targeted to produce 25 to 50 ppm residual). Three untreated beakers served as controls (T3). All beakers and coupons were placed into a water bath shaker under warm and moving water conditions mimicking poultry brooding conditions. Coupons and test water were sampled for treatments for aerobic plate count (APC). Trial 1 used test water with zero cfu bacteria/mL initial APC, whereas the Trial 2 test water initial APC was 3 log10 cfu/mL. Test water samples and coupons had no bacterial growth for all treatments on sampling occasions for Trial 1. In Trial 2, T3 (control) and T2 (HP treated) had APC growth in both test water (2.5 to 3.0 log10 cfu/mL) and on coupons (2 to 2.5 log10 cfu/cm2) on sampling d with no difference (P > 0.05) between these treatments. Whereas, T1 (Cl treated) eliminated bacteria (zero cfu/mL) in test water and inhibited biofilm growth on test coupons (≤0.2 log10 cfu/cm2) during sampling d (P < 0.05). This experiment showed that biofilm can develop in minimally contaminated water even in the presence of sanitizers, yet chlorine was more effective than hydrogen peroxide in limiting this development.
Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
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P
Maharjan
USDA-ARS Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
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G
Huff
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
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W
Zhang
Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
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S
Watkins
D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D011200:Poultry; D014481:United States; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
D004202:Disinfectants; D002713:Chlorine; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
biofilm; low microbial content water; sanitizers