Defining the Core Citrus Leaf- and Root-Associated Microbiota: Factors Associated with Community Structure and Implications for Managing Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) Disease.
Stable associations between plants and microbes are critical to promoting host health and productivity. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that restructuring of the core microbiota may be associated with the progression of huanglongbing (HLB), the devastating citrus disease caused byLiberibacter asiaticus,Liberibacter americanus, andLiberibacter africanusThe microbial communities of leaves (n= 94) and roots (n= 79) from citrus trees that varied by HLB symptom severity, cultivar, location, and season/time were characterized with Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The taxonomically rich communities contained abundant core members (i.e., detected in at least 95% of the respective leaf or root samples), some overrepresented site-specific members, and a diverse community of low-abundance variable taxa. The composition and diversity of the leaf and root microbiota were strongly associated with HLB symptom severity and location; there was also an association with host cultivar. The relative abundance ofLiberibacterspp. among leaf microbiota positively correlated with HLB symptom severity and negatively correlated with alpha diversity, suggesting that community diversity decreases as symptoms progress. Network analysis of the microbial community time series identified a mutually exclusive relationship betweenLiberibacterspp. and members of theBurkholderiaceae,Micromonosporaceae, andXanthomonadaceaeThis work confirmed several previously described plant disease-associated bacteria, as well as identified new potential implications for biological control. Our findings advance the understanding of (i) plant microbiota selection across multiple variables and (ii) changes in (core) community structure that may be a precondition to disease establishment and/or may be associated with symptom progression.IMPORTANCEThis study provides a comprehensive overview of the core microbial community within the microbiomes of plant hosts that vary in extent of disease symptom progression. With 16S Illumina sequencing analyses, we not only confirmed previously described bacterial associations with plant health (e.g., potentially beneficial bacteria) but also identified new associations and potential interactions between certain bacteria and an economically important phytopathogen. The importance of core taxa within broader plant-associated microbial communities is discussed.
Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA rblauste@ufl.edu.
Ryan A
RA
Blaustein
Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Graciela L
GL
Lorca
Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Julie L
JL
Meyer
Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Claudio F
CF
Gonzalez
Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Max
M
Teplitski
D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D064307:Microbiota; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Liberibacter; core microbiome; pathogen-microbe interactions; plant-associated microbiota