Detection of l-Cysteine in wheat flour by Raman microspectroscopy combined chemometrics of HCA and PCA.
l-Cysteine is deliberately added to various flour types since l-Cysteine has enabled favorable baking conditions such as low viscosity, increased elasticity and rise during baking. In Turkey, usage of l-Cysteine as a food additive isn't allowed in wheat flour according to the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on food additives. There is an urgent need for effective methods to detect l-Cysteine in wheat flour. In this study, for the first time, a new, rapid, effective, non-destructive and cost-effective method was developed for detection of l-Cysteine in wheat flour using Raman microscopy. Detection of l-Cysteine in wheat flour was accomplished successfully using Raman microscopy combined chemometrics of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis). In this work, 500-2000cm-1spectral range (fingerprint region) was determined to perform PCA and HCA analysis. l-Cysteine and l-Cystine were determined with detection limit of 0.125% (w/w) in different wheat flour samples.
Yıldız Technical University, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: nur.cebi@gmail.com.
Nur
N
Cebi
TUBITAK MRC Food Institute, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.
Canan Ekinci
CE
Dogan
Yıldız Technical University, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey.
Ayşen
A
Develioglu
TUBITAK MRC Food Institute, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.
Mediha Esra Altuntop
ME
Yayla
Yıldız Technical University, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey.
Osman
O
Sagdic
D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
D003545:Cysteine
HCA; PCA; Raman microscopy; Wheat flour; l-Cysteine; l-Cystine