Epidemiology of clinical trials of medicines in respiratory diseases in Europe and Italy.
Clinical trials play a key role in advancing medical knowledge, improving patient care and promoting economic growth in Europe. We have assessed the clinical trial activity in any respiratory diseases in Europe, with a specific focus on Italy.



Information from public sources (EFPIA, clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrialsregister. eu, AIFA) was used to describe clinical trial activity of in respiratory diseases in Europe and by country.



In 2015, 3908 clinical trials were reported in Europe, 386 in respiratory diseases (9.9%). Germany was the first country both as absolute number (76 trials) and as percentage within country trials (14%), followed by Poland. Spain, Italy and France were the countries with the lowest number and percentage of trials in respiratory diseases. In 2013, the Italian Drug Agency reported 9 trials with respiratory compounds in Italy (2.1% of overall trials, 12ˆ position in the therapeutic area rank), 33% in phase 2 and 66% in phase 3. No phase 1 or phase 4 trials were reported for respiratory trials. Prevalence of respiratory trials by non-profit sponsors (28.3%) was below the average for the country (38.3%).



Europe has a greater potential for clinical research on drugs for respiratory diseases, particularly in countries with less activity, such as Spain, France and Italy, that should identify and implement actions to increase attractiveness for clinical trials of drugs.
GSK Medical and Scientific Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: roberta.o.bodini@gsk.com.
Roberta
R
Bodini
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano-Division of Respiratory Diseases, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: pierachille.santus@unimi.it.
Pierachille
P
Santus
Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Respiratory Unit, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: fabiano.dimarco@unimi.it.
Fabiano
F
Di Marco
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.aliberti@unimib.it.
Stefano
S
Aliberti
Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Respiratory Unit, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.centanni@unimi.it.
Stefano
S
Centanni
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.blasi@unimi.it.
Francesco
F
Blasi
GSK Medical and Scientific Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: andrea.a.rizzi@gsk.com.
Andrea
A
Rizzi
GSK Medical and Scientific Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.g.recchia@gsk.com.
Giuseppe
G
Recchia
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology