Cyclosporine A delivery to the eye: A comprehensive review of academic and industrial efforts.
Local ocular delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA) is the preferred method for CsA delivery as a treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, corneal healing, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and dry eye disease. However, due to the large molecular weight and hydrophobic nature of CsA and the natural protective mechanisms of the eye, achieving therapeutic levels of CsA in ocular tissues can be difficult. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the current products available to clinicians as well as emerging drug delivery solutions that have been developed at both the academic and industry levels.
Santen SAS, Evry, France.
Frédéric
F
Lallemand
Santen SAS, Evry, France.
Mathieu
M
Schmitt
Department of Ophthalmology, Paris Descartes School of Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Jean-Louis
JL
Bourges
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Robert
R
Gurny
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Israel.
Simon
S
Benita
Santen SAS, Evry, France. Electronic address: jean-sebastien.garrigue@santen.com.
Jean-Sébastien
JS
Garrigue
D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D000818:Animals; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016572:Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine; Emulsion; Hydrogel; Ocular delivery; Pipeline products; Solution