One-Year Survival is Not Affected by Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been the main therapy in acute coronary syndromes, and early antithrombotic agents as well as 1-year dual antiplatelet therapy are required for adjuvant therapy. However, the development of post-PCI gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding may increase all-cause mortality. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients with GI bleeding within 1 year after PCI to those who did not develop bleeding.



A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 384 PCI procedures performed between January 2011 and December 2013 at our hospital. End points were identified after 30 days, 90 days and 1 year postprocedure for evidence of GI bleeding or new onset anemia. Variables were compared between patients with and without GI bleeding using t test and Fisher exact test. Kaplan-Meier curve was constructed for estimating bleeding-free survival probability.



In a more than 1-year follow-up period, there were 39 cases (10.2%, 95% CI: 0.073-0.136) of documented GI bleeds. Females were found to have a significantly higher frequency of GI bleeding than males (16.8% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.018), and Hispanics more than non-Hispanics (11.7% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.017). All patients with GI bleeding survived at 1 year.



In our study of a predominantly Hispanic population, a high incidence of GI bleeding after PCI occurred. However, there was no association between the incidence of GI bleeding and all-cause mortality, whether PCI was performed in the setting of acute coronary syndrome or as an elective procedure. There is a need to conduct a larger prospective study to validate the findings of our study.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas. Electronic address: ngamdu.sumayin@ttuhsc.edu.
Kyari
K
Sumayin Ngamdu
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
Wael
W
El Mallah
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas.
Alok
A
Dwivedi
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
Rabab
R
Mohsin
Division of General Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas.
Sherif
S
Elhanafi
Division of General Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas.
Yi
Y
Jia
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas.
Luis A
LA
Alvarado
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
Debabrata
D
Mukherjee
Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
Marc J
MJ
Zuckerman
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Dual Antiplatelet therapy; Gastrointestinal bleeding; Percutaneous coronary intervention