Molecular epidemiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackie A type 24 variant in China, 2004-2014.
To understand control interventions, the molecular epidemiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) was investigated from 2004 to 2014.A total of 613,485 AHC cases (annualized cases 55,771) with two deaths were included. Our findings showed that AHC was reported in all provinces, predominantly in Southern and Eastern China. The incidence rates were highest in 2007 (5.65/100,000) and 2010 (21.78/100,000) respectively. A clear seasonal pattern was identified with a peak from August to October. AHC cases occurred in all age groups; however, five to 14 years was the predominant group [23.06%, 133, 510/578,909]. The median age was 24 years (one month~97 years). The median duration from onset to diagnosis was 1.5 days, and there was no difference between the <15, 15~60 and >60-year-old patients [p = 0.0653]. The phylogenetic analysis of 100 nonstructural proteins (3C) and 84 structural proteins (VP1) revealed that AHC outbreaks were caused by Coxsackievirus A24 variant. Genotypes G4-c5a, G4-c5b, and G4-c3 co-circulated with both temporal and geographical overlaps. In conclusion, despite the overall steady decline in the number of AHC cases since the peak in 2010, it still remains a serious public health problem in Southern and Eastern China that targets on the school aged children under 15 years old.
Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Li
L
Zhang
National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Na
N
Zhao
Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Xiaodan
X
Huang
Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Xiuming
X
Jin
Emergency Offices, Jinan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
Xingyi
X
Geng
Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ta-Chien
TC
Chan
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Shelan
S
Liu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003232:Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D030015:Enterovirus C, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D014764:Viral Proteins