Role of amino acids in rheumatoid arthritis studied by metabolomics.
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease characterized by various inflammatory symptoms, including joint swelling, joint pain, and both structural and functional joint damage. The most commonly used animal model for studying RA is mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA); the wide use of this model is due primarily to many similarities with RA in human patients. Metabolomics is used increasingly in biological studies for diagnosing disease and for predicting and evaluating drug interventions, as a large number of disease-associated metabolites can be analyzed and interpreted from a biological perspective.


OBJECTIVE
To profile free amino acids and their biogenic metabolites in CIA mice plasma.


METHODS
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry coupled with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for metabolomics study.


RESULTS
Profile of 45 amine metabolites, including free amino acids and their biogenic metabolites in plasma was obtained from CIA mice. We found that the plasma levels of 20 amine metabolites were significantly decreased in the CIA group.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that a disordered amine response is linked to RA-associated muscle wasting and energy expenditure.
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Min
M
He
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Amy C
AC
Harms
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Eduard
E
van Wijk
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|SU Biomedicine, Zeist, the Netherlands.
Mei
M
Wang
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Ruud
R
Berger
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Slavik
S
Koval
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Thomas
T
Hankemeier
Analytical BioSciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.|TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands.
Jan
J
van der Greef
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D024043:Collagen Type II; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049490:Systems Biology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D024043:Collagen Type II
amine metabolites; collagen-induced arthritis; mouse model; systems biology