Receptor-Meditated Endocytosis by Hyaluronic Acid@Superparamagnetic Nanovetor for Targeting of CD44-Overexpressing Tumor Cells.
The present report proposes a more rational hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugation protocol that can be used to modify the surface of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by covalently binding the targeting molecules (HA) with glutamic acid as a molecular linker on peripheral surface of SPIONs. The synthesis of HA-Glutamic Acid (GA)@SPIONs was included oxidization of nanoparticle's surface with H₂O₂ followed by activation of hydroxyl group and reacting glutamic acid as an intermediate molecule demonstrating transfection of lung cancer cells. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and zeta-potential studies confirmed the chemical bonding between amino acid linker and polysaccharides. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay showed that HA-SPIONs-treated cells remained 82.9% ± 2.7% alive at high particle dosage (200 µg/mL iron concentration), whereas GA-SPIONs and bare SPIONs (B-SPIONs) treated cells had only 59.3% ± 13.4% and 26.5% ± 3.1% survival rate at the same conditions, respectively. Confocal microscopy analysis showed increased cellular internalization of HA-SPIONs compared to non-interacting agarose coated SPIONs (AgA-SPIONs).
Department of Anatomy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. withreno@konyang.ac.kr.
Kwang Sik
KS
Yu
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. mengmenglin@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
Meng Meng
MM
Lin
Physical Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. leehj@konyang.ac.kr.
Hyun-Ju
HJ
Lee
Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. tae@konyang.ac.kr.
Ki-Sik
KS
Tae
Radiological Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. bskang@konyang.ac.kr.
Bo-Sun
BS
Kang
Department of Anatomy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. leejehun@konyang.ac.kr.
Je Hun
JH
Lee
Department of Anatomy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. nslee@konyang.ac.kr.
Nam Seob
NS
Lee
Department of Anatomy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. ygjeong@konyang.ac.kr.
Young Gil
YG
Jeong
Department of Anatomy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. jjzzy@konyang.ac.kr.
Seung-Yun
SY
Han
Department of Anatomy, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea. dokyung@konyang.ac.kr.
Do Kyung
DK
Kim
CD44; glutamic acid; hyaluronan; receptor-meditated endocytosis (RME); superparamagnetic