Intra Amniotic Administration of Raffinose and Stachyose Affects the Intestinal Brush Border Functionality and Alters Gut Microflora Populations.
This study investigates the effectiveness of two types of prebiotics-stachyose and raffinose-which are present in staple food crops that are widely consumed in regions where dietary Fe deficiency is a health concern. The hypothesis is that these prebiotics will improve Fe status, intestinal functionality, and increase health-promoting bacterial populations in vivo (Gallus gallus). By using the intra-amniotic administration procedure, prebiotic treatment solutions were injected in ovo (day 17 of embryonic incubation) with varying concentrations of a 1.0 mL pure raffinose or stachyose in 18 MΩ H₂O. Four treatment groups (50, 100 mg·mL-1raffinose or stachyose) and two controls (18 MΩ H₂O and non-injected) were utilized. At hatch the cecum, small intestine, liver, and blood were collected for assessment of the relative abundance of the gut microflora, relative expression of Fe-related genes and brush border membrane functional genes, hepatic ferritin levels, and hemoglobin levels, respectively. The prebiotic treatments increased the relative expression of brush border membrane functionality proteins (p< 0.05), decreased the relative expression of Fe-related proteins (p< 0.05), and increased villus surface area. Raffinose and stachyose increased the relative abundance of probiotics (p< 0.05),and decreased that of pathogenic bacteria. Raffinose and stachyose beneficially affected the gut microflora, Fe bioavailability, and brush border membrane functionality. Our investigations have led to a greater understanding of these prebiotics' effects on intestinal health and mineral metabolism.
Department of Animal Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. sjp233@cornell.edu.
Sarina
S
Pacifici
Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. js2833@cornell.edu.
Jaehong
J
Song
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. cz223@cornell.edu.
Cathy
C
Zhang
Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. yw696@cornell.edu.
Qiaoye
Q
Wang
USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. rpg3@cornell.edu.
Raymond P
RP
Glahn
USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. nk598@cornell.edu.
Nikolai
N
Kolba
USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. et79@cornell.edu.
Elad
E
Tako
D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001682:Biological Availability; D002645:Chickens; D003013:Clostridium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011887:Raffinose / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; C005695:stachyose; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D011887:Raffinose
brush border membrane; iron; prebiotics; raffinose; stachyose