Association of Husband Smoking With Wife's Hypertension Status in Over 5 Million Chinese Females Aged 20 to 49 Years.
BACKGROUND
The effect of second-hand smoking, especially husband smoking, on wife's hypertension has not been well studied. The current study was aimed to assess the association of husband smoking with wife's hypertension among females aged 20 to 49 years.


RESULTS
This study included 5 027 731 females along with their husbands from the National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkup Projects conducted across 31 provinces in China in 2014. Smoking/passive smoking status was collected by a standard questionnaire and blood pressure was measured by an electronic device after 10 minutes rest. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% CIs for female hypertension were estimated according to smoking status of husband and wife, husbands' smoking amount, and cumulative exposure to husband smoking. Compared with neither-smoker group, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for female hypertension was 1.28 (1.27-1.30), 1.53 (1.30-1.79), and 1.50 (1.36-1.67) in husband-only, wife-only, and mixed group, respectively. Furthermore, a higher risk of having hypertension was associated with amount and cumulative exposure of husband smoking. For example, compared with neither-smoker, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio was 1.22 (1.19-1.25), 1.24 (1.21-1.26), 1.32 (1.26-1.37), 1.37 (1.34-1.41), and 1.75 (1.64-1.87) for females whose husband smoked 1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, 16 to 20, and ≥21 cigarettes per day, respectively (Pfor trend<0.001). Subgroup analyses identified similar results.


CONCLUSIONS
There were associations of husband smoking with female hypertension prevalence. A family-based smoking restriction strategy may reduce smoking in males and improve hypertension control in females.
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Ying
Y
Yang
Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Fangchao
F
Liu
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Long
L
Wang
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Qian
Q
Li
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.|Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China.
Xingyu
X
Wang
Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Julia C
JC
Chen
Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Qiaomei
Q
Wang
Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China.
Haiping
H
Shen
Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China.
Yiping
Y
Zhang
Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China.
Donghai
D
Yan
Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Man
M
Zhang
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Yuan
Y
He
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Zuoqi
Z
Peng
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Yuanyuan
Y
Wang
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Jihong
J
Xu
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Jun
J
Zhao
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Ya
Y
Zhang
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Hongguang
H
Zhang
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xiaona
X
Xin
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Yan
Y
Wang
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Dujia
D
Liu
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Tongjun
T
Guo
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.
Qiaoyun
Q
Dai
National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China nfpcc_ma@163.com genetic88@126.com.|National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China.|Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xu
X
Ma
D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018454:Spouses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
China; cross‐sectional study; hypertension; passive smoking