Nutritional Quality and Physicochemical Characteristics of Defatted Bovine Liver Treated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Organic Solvent.
Defatted bovine liver (DBL) is a potential source of protein and minerals. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and a traditional organic solvent method were used to remove lipid from bovine liver, and the quality characteristics of a control bovine liver (CBL), bovine liver defatted by SC-CO2(DBLSC-CO2) at different pressures, and bovine liver defatted by organic solvent (DBL-OS) were compared. The DBLSC-CO2samples had significantly higher (p<0.05) protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, and fiber contents than CBL and DBL-OS. There was a higher yield of lipid from CBL when using SC-CO2than the organic solvent method. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the CBL and DBLSC-CO2had protein bands of a similar intensity and area, whereas DBL-OS appeared extremely poor bands or no bands due to the degradation of proteins, particularly in the 50 to 75 kDa and 20 to 25 kDa molecular weight ranges. In addition, DBLSC-CO2was shown to have superior functional properties in terms of total soluble content, water and oil absorption, and foaming and emulsification properties. Therefore, SC-CO2treatment offers a nutritionally and environmentally friendly approach for the removal of lipid from high protein food sources. In addition, SC-CO2may be a better substitute of traditional organic solvent extraction for producing more stable and high quality foods with high-protein, fat-free, and low calorie contents.
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Sung-Won
SW
Kang
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Hye-Min
HM
Kim
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
M Shafiur
MS
Rahman
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Ah-Na
AN
Kim
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Han-Sul
HS
Yang
Division of Food Science and Technology (Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Sung-Gil
SG
Choi
bovine liver; defatted; organic solvent; quality characteristics; supercritical carbon dioxide