Functional Neuroimaging Predictors of Self-Reported Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents.
This study investigated the neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences in youths during tasks involving inhibitory control, reward anticipation, and emotion processing. A secondary aim was to test whether these neurofunctional correlates of risk were predictive of psychotic symptoms 2 years later.



Functional imaging responses to three paradigms-the stop-signal, monetary incentive delay, and faces tasks-were collected in youths at age 14, as part of the IMAGEN study. At baseline, youths from London and Dublin sites were assessed on psychotic-like experiences, and those reporting significant experiences were compared with matched control subjects. Significant brain activity differences between the groups were used to predict, with cross-validation, the presence of psychotic symptoms in the context of mood fluctuation at age 16, assessed in the full sample. These prediction analyses were conducted with the London-Dublin subsample (N=246) and the full sample (N=1,196).



Relative to control subjects, youths reporting psychotic-like experiences showed increased hippocampus/amygdala activity during processing of neutral faces and reduced dorsolateral prefrontal activity during failed inhibition. The most prominent regional difference for classifying 16-year-olds with mood fluctuation and psychotic symptoms relative to the control groups (those with mood fluctuations but no psychotic symptoms and those with no mood symptoms) was hyperactivation of the hippocampus/amygdala, when controlling for baseline psychotic-like experiences and cannabis use.



The results stress the importance of the limbic network's increased response to neutral facial stimuli as a marker of the extended psychosis phenotype. These findings might help to guide early intervention strategies for at-risk youths.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Josiane
J
Bourque
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Philip A
PA
Spechler
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Stéphane
S
Potvin
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Robert
R
Whelan
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Tobias
T
Banaschewski
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Arun L W
ALW
Bokde
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Uli
U
Bromberg
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Christian
C
Büchel
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Erin Burke
EB
Quinlan
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Sylvane
S
Desrivières
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Herta
H
Flor
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Vincent
V
Frouin
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Penny
P
Gowland
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Andreas
A
Heinz
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Bernd
B
Ittermann
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Jean-Luc
JL
Martinot
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Marie-Laure
ML
Paillère-Martinot
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Sarah C
SC
McEwen
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Frauke
F
Nees
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Dimitri Papadopoulos
DP
Orfanos
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Tomáš
T
Paus
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Luise
L
Poustka
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Michael N
MN
Smolka
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Nora C
NC
Vetter
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Henrik
H
Walter
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Gunter
G
Schumann
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Hugh
H
Garavan
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Patricia J
PJ
Conrod
From the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste.-Justine Hospital and IUSMM Research Center, Montreal; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; the Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin; the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and the Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris; the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; the Maison de Solenn, Paris; the Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna; the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012016:Reference Values; D012201:Reward; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057566:Self Report; D013223:Statistics as Topic
Adolescents; Brain Imaging Techniques; Mood Disorders-Bipolar; Psychosis