The Effect of a "Class Smoke Free Pledge" on Breath Carbon Monoxide in Arabic Male Adolescents.
Arabic male adolescents have a high smoking prevalence. Introduction of "Class smoke-free" pledges have been successful amongst European adolescents but have not been evaluated using objective valid measures. We tested the impact of adding a smoke free pledge strategy to a proven peer-led asthma and smoking prevention program on breath carbon monoxide level (BCO) in male high-school students in Jordan.



We enrolled male students from four high-schools in Irbid, Jordan. Schools were randomly assigned to receive either TAJ (Triple A in Jordan, n = 218) or TAJ-Plus (with added class smoke-free pledge, n = 215). We hypothesized that students receiving TAJ-Plus would have greater reduction in BCO levels than those only receiving the TAJ intervention. Asthma and smoking status were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Smoking outcomes were collected using a BCO Monitor.



Both groups had significant reductions in BCO levels post-intervention (p < .0001), however, decreases were greater in TAJ-Plus group (3.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2, p < .0001). Intervention effects on BCO over time did not vary by smoking status (p = .085), asthma status (p = .602), or a combination of the two (p = .702).



An added smoke-free pledge strategy to a proven peer-led asthma education program appears to be a promising approach to motivate adolescents to abstain from smoking in Jordan. Future research is required to determine if these results can be extended to Jordanian adolescent females.



A commitment by students via a "class smoke-free" pledge can be an added incentive to motivate adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries to abstain from smoking. Social influence approaches in schools can be useful in countering the aggressive tobacco marketing campaigns targeting Jordanian and other Arabic-speaking youth. The combination of "class smoke-free" pledges and an evidence-based peer-led asthma and smoking education can be implemented in schools to influence adolescents with asthma to abstain from smoking.
Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.|Charles Perkins Centre/Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Nihaya A
NA
Al-Sheyab
Department of Community Medicine, Public Health, and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Yousef S
YS
Khader
School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Smita
S
Shah
Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Jessica K
JK
Roydhouse
Charles Perkins Centre/Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Robyn
R
Gallagher
D000293:Adolescent; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D000074606:Smoking Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D002248:Carbon Monoxide