Inhibition of Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU-145 in vitro and in vivo Using Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antiproliferative activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. (SM) on the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell line DU-145, in vitro and in vivo.


METHODS
Prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) and normal prostate cell line (RWPE-1) were treated with SM at different concentrations (3.125, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL) to investigate the antiproliferative effects. DNA laddering analysis was performed to investigate the apoptosis of DU-145 cells. Molecular mechanism was investigated by Western blot analysis of p53, Bcl-2, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and androgen receptor (AR). Six-week-old male BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into normal control group (n=101) and treated group (n=101) which administered 500 mg/kg SM for 2 weeks. Tumor volumes were measured.


RESULTS
Treatment with SM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell number of DU-145 cells in comparison with RWPE-1. DNA laddering analysis indicated the apoptosis of DU-145 cells. Treatment with SM increased the expression of p53 and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 proteins. The levels of PSA were considerably reduced in SM-treated group compared to the controls, and a decrease in AR expression was observed when cells were treated with SM in the same pattern as a reduction in PSA. In the tumour xenograft study, SM given once a day for 2 weeks significantly inhibited tumour growth.


CONCLUSIONS
SM might contribute to the anticancer actions such as induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.|Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Woong Jin
WJ
Bae
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Jin Bong
JB
Choi
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Kang Sup
KS
Kim
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
U Syn
US
Ha
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Sung Hoo
SH
Hong
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Ji Youl
JY
Lee
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Tae-Kon
TK
Hwang
Korea Bio-Medical Science Institute, Seoul, 06106, Republic of Korea.
Sung Yeoun
SY
Hwang
Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Zhi-Ping
ZP
Wang
Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. ksw1227@catholic.ac.kr.|Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. ksw1227@catholic.ac.kr.
Sae Woong
SW
Kim
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza
D010936:Plant Extracts
Chinese medicine; Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.; apoptosis; prostate cancer