Don't Assume Deaf Students are Visual Learners.
In the education of deaf learners, from primary school to postsecondary settings, it frequently is suggested that deaf students are visual learners. That assumption appears to be based on the visual nature of signed languages-used by some but not all deaf individuals-and the fact that with greater hearing losses, deaf students will rely relatively more on vision than audition. However, the questions of whether individuals with hearing loss are more likely to be visual learners than verbal learners or more likely than hearing peers to be visual learners have not been empirically explored. Several recent studies, in fact, have indicated that hearing learners typically perform as well or better than deaf learners on a variety of visual-spatial tasks. The present study used two standardized instruments to examine learning styles among college deaf students who primarily rely on sign language or spoken language and their hearing peers. The visual-verbal dimension was of particular interest. Consistent with recent indirect findings, results indicated that deaf students are no more likely than hearing students to be visual learners and are no stronger in their visual skills and habits than their verbal skills and habits, nor are deaf students' visual orientations associated with sign language skills. The results clearly have specific implications for the educating of deaf learners.
Center for Education Research Partnerships, National Technical Institute for the Deaf - Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Regent's Walk, AB24 2UB Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Marc
M
Marschark
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada.
Allan
A
Paivio
Department of Special Education, Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
Linda J
LJ
Spencer
Center for Education Research Partnerships, National Technical Institute for the Deaf - Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Andreana
A
Durkin
Center for Education Research Partnerships, National Technical Institute for the Deaf - Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Georgianna
G
Borgna
Center for Education Research Partnerships, National Technical Institute for the Deaf - Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Carol
C
Convertino
Center for Education Research Partnerships, National Technical Institute for the Deaf - Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Elizabeth
E
Machmer
Deaf education; Learning style; Sign language; Visual-spatial cognition