Caudal fluoroscopy to guide venous access for pacemaker device implantation: should this now be standard practice?
We describe a technique that uses both posterior-anterior and caudal fluoroscopy to achieve venous access for pacemaker device implantation. A significant advantage of this technique is the ability to clearly demarcate both the anatomy of venous drainage and the lung border. We would encourage all centres to adopt this technique as a safe approach to venous access.
Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Hitesh C
HC
Patel
Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital , London , UK.
Carl
C
Hayward
Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Shane
S
Nanayakkara
Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia.
Archer
A
Broughton
Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Justin A
JA
Mariani