Expanded spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with colibacillosis in Egypt.
Throughout the world, expanded spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are increasing among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, both in humans and animals. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data on ESBL or Ampicillin class C β-lactamase (AmpC) in Egypt, although antimicrobial consumption is high in this developing country. This study aims to characterize the resistance mechanisms to expanded spectrum cephalosporins among resistant veterinary Escherichia coli isolates in Egypt. We investigated 50 clinical multi-resistant E. coli strains isolated from 20 chicken farms for production of ESBL or AmpC. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion and ESBL confirmatory tests. PCR and sequencing were performed to screen for plasmid mediated ESBL genes and genes encoding AmpC β-lactamases. All the isolates were phylogentically classified, investigated for harboring class 1 integrons, and genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Three strains showed ESBL and 6 strains AmpC phenotypic patterns, respectively, with confirmed ESBL genes of blaTEM-57, blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCMY-2 for AmpC producing strains. All ESBL strains belonged to phylogroup D with different clones isolated from different flocks, while most of the AmpC strains belonged to phylogroup B1 (4/6) and were assigned to the same genotype distributed in 2 different farms. Class 1 integrons were disseminated in 60% of all tested strains and in 100% of ESBL and AmpC strains. These results highlight the antimicrobial resistance problem in Egypt, caused in all probability by unwise use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry. The results call for a nationwide surveillance program to monitor antimicrobial resistance.
Department of Pharmacology, National Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (NLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ismailia, Egypt.|Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Freiburg, Germany.
D A
DA
El-Shazly
Department of Poultry Diseases, National Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (NLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
S A
SA
Nasef
Department of Food Hygiene, National Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (NLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ismailia, Egypt.
F F
FF
Mahmoud
Department of Food Hygiene, National Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (NLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ismailia, Egypt.
Daniel
D
Jonas
D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005838:Genotype; D032023:Integrons; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C048795:AmpC beta-lactamases; D001618:beta-Lactamases
AmpC; ESBL; Egypt; Escherichia coli; chickens