Change in Decentering Mediates Improvement in Anxiety in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to examine psychological mechanisms of treatment outcomes of a mindfulness meditation intervention for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).


METHODS
We examined mindfulness and decentering as two potential therapeutic mechanisms of action of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptom reduction in patients randomized to receive either mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) or an attention control class (N=38). Multiple mediation analyses were conducted using a non-parametric cross product of the coefficients approach that employs bootstrapping.


RESULTS
Analyses revealed that change in decentering and change in mindfulness significantly mediated the effect of MBSR on anxiety. When both mediators were included in the model, the multiple mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect through increases in decentering, but not mindfulness. Furthermore, the direct effect of MBSR on decrease in anxiety was not significant, suggesting that decentering fully mediated the relationship. Results also suggested that MBSR reduces worry through an increase in mindfulness, specifically by increases in awareness and nonreactivity.


CONCLUSIONS
Improvements in GAD symptoms resulting from MBSR are in part explained by increased levels of decentering.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Elizabeth A
EA
Hoge
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Eric
E
Bui
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Elizabeth
E
Goetter
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Donald J
DJ
Robinaugh
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Rebecca A
RA
Ojserkis
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
David M
DM
Fresco
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Naomi M
NM
Simon
Decentering; Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Mindfulness Meditation; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction