Tumor lysis syndrome in an extraskeletal osteosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
This case report describes a spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome due to a rare solid tumor.


METHODS
A 65-year-old white woman had tumor lysis syndrome, which represent a dangerous oncological emergency. This syndrome occurs usually with a hematological tumor, but in this case our patient had a solid tumor, which was a rare extraskeletal osteosarcoma, localized in her pelvic region. She also had lung metastases and bilateral hydronephrosis. After spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome, she had acute renal insufficiency, which was treated with hemodialysis and successively with rasburicase, Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate), and febuxostat.


CONCLUSIONS
Tumor lysis syndrome represents an oncological emergency, which must be suspected and treated as soon as possible.
Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 86, 95123, Catania, Italy. vito.catania@policlinico.unict.it.
Vito Emanuele
VE
Catania
UOC Centre of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AOU "O.V.E-Policlinico", Catania, Italy.
Michele
M
Vecchio
Research Centre "The Great Senescence", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Michele
M
Malaguarnera
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Roberto
R
Madeddu
Research Centre "The Great Senescence", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Giulia
G
Malaguarnera
Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 86, 95123, Catania, Italy.
Saverio
S
Latteri
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015275:Tumor Lysis Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014503:Urate Oxidase / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006074:Gout Suppressants; C469709:rasburicase; D014503:Urate Oxidase
Case report; Kalemia; Osteosarcoma; Rasburicase; Tumor lysis; Uricemia