Impact of Different e-Cigarette Generation and Models on Cognitive Performances, Craving and Gesture: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial (CogEcig).
Introduction:Most electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarette) are designed to look like traditional cigarettes and simulate the visual, sensory, and behavioral aspects of smoking traditional cigarettes. This research aimed to explore whether different e-cigarette models and smokers' usual classic cigarettes can impact on cognitive performances, craving and gesture.Methods:The study is randomized cross-over trial designed to compare cognitive performances, craving, and gesture in subjects who used first generation electronic cigarettes, second generation electronic cigarettes with their usual cigarettes. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01735487).Results:Cognitive performance was not affected by "group condition."Within-grouprepeated measures analyses showed a significant time effect, indicating an increase of participants' current craving measure in group "usual classic cigarettes (group C)," "disposable cigalike electronic cigarette loaded with cartridges with 24 mg nicotine (group H), second generation electronic cigarette, personal vaporizer model Ego C, loaded with liquid nicotine 24 mg (group E). Measures of gesture not differ over the course of the experiment for all the products under investigationConclusion:All cognitive measures attention, executive function and working memory are not influenced by the different e-cigarette and gender showing that in general electronics cigarettes could become a strong support also from a cognitive point of view for those who decide to quit smoking. It seems that not only craving and other smoke withdrawal symptoms but also cognitive performance is not only linked to the presence of nicotine; this suggests that the reasons behind the dependence and the related difficulty to quit smoking needs to be looked into also other factors like the gesture.


BACKGROUND
www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01735487.
Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Internal Medicine, G. Rodolico Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute for Social Marketing, University of StirlingStirling, UK.
Pasquale
P
Caponnetto
Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di Catania Catania, Italy.
Marilena
M
Maglia
Psychology Service, ASP Catania Catania, Italy.
Maria Concetta
MC
Cannella
Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza Rome, Italy.
Lucio
L
Inguscio
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy.
Mariachiara
M
Buonocore
Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Internal Medicine, G. Rodolico Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy.
Claudio
C
Scoglio
Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Internal Medicine, G. Rodolico Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy.
Riccardo
R
Polosa
Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Internal Medicine, G. Rodolico Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele," Università di CataniaCatania, Italy.
Valeria
V
Vinci
adverse events; cigarette substitutes; cognition; electronic cigarettes; electronic nicotine delivery devices; smoking cessation; smoking reduction