Biodegradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the presence of Cd2.
Aerobic biodegradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the presence of Cd2+was investigated in this study. The results showed that P. chrysosporium could effectively degrade BDE-47, and its extracellular enzyme played an important role in the process of decomposition. BDE-47 biodegradation by fungi was more tolerant than extracellular enzyme in the presence of Cd2+. Also, both of the activity of two typical enzymes, MnP and LiP, descended with ascended Cd2+concentration. Based on the four mono-hydroxylated PBDEs (5-OH-BDE-47, 4'-OH-BDE-17, 6-OH-BDE-47, and 2'-OH-BDE-28) and two bromophenols (2,4-DBP, 4-BP) detected, three possible degradation pathways were proposed, inferring that BDE-47 was more easily to transform via hydroxylation. With addition of Cd2+, the types of degradation products did not change, merely a variation of the content of these products observed. Meanwhile, the major metabolites of BDE-47, bromophenol compounds, have been found to be transformed or even mineralized by P. chrysosporium quickly, which also helped better explain why the amounts of BDE-47 decomposed did not match with that of the metabolites detected.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
Yajuan
Y
Cao
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. huayin@scut.edu.cn.
Hua
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2793-0860
H
Yin
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
Hui
H
Peng
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
Shaoyu
S
Tang
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
Guining
G
Lu
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
Zhi
Z
Dang
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism*; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000378:metabolism*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism
D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D002104:Cadmium; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C533760:tribromodiphenyl ether 28
BDE-47 biodegradation; Bromophenols; Cadmium ions; OH-PBDEs; Phanerochaete chrysosporium