Reactive Oxygen Species Localization Programs Inflammation to Clear Microbes of Different Size.
How the number of immune cells recruited to sites of infection is determined and adjusted to differences in the cellular stoichiometry between host and pathogen is unknown. Here, we have uncovered a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) as sensors of microbe size. By sensing the differential localization of ROS generated in response to microbes of different size, neutrophils tuned their interleukin (IL)-1β expression via the selective oxidation of NF-κB, in order to implement distinct inflammatory programs. Small microbes triggered ROS intracellularly, suppressing IL-1β expression to limit neutrophil recruitment as each phagocyte eliminated numerous pathogens. In contrast, large microbes triggered ROS extracellularly, amplifying IL-1β expression to recruit numerous neutrophils forming cooperative clusters. Defects in ROS-mediated microbe size sensing resulted in large neutrophil infiltrates and clusters in response to small microbes that contribute to inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the impact of ROS localization on signal transduction.
Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Annika
A
Warnatsch
Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Theodora-Dorita
TD
Tsourouktsoglou
Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Nora
N
Branzk
Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Qian
Q
Wang
Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Susanna
S
Reincke
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Susanne
S
Herbst
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Maximiliano
M
Gutierrez
Antimicrobial Defence Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK. Electronic address: veni.p@crick.ac.uk.
Venizelos
V
Papayannopoulos
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology*
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
Candida albicans; cellular stoichiometry; cluster; fungal infection; inflammation; interleukin-1β; microbe size; neutrophil; reactive oxygen species; swarm