Genetic analyses using GGE model and a mixed linear model approach, and stability analyses using AMMI bi-plot for late-maturity alpha-amylase activity in bread wheat genotypes.
Low falling number and discounting grain when it is downgraded in class are the consequences of excessive late-maturity α-amylase activity (LMAA) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Grain expressing high LMAA produces poorer quality bread products. To effectively breed for low LMAA, it is necessary to understand what genes control it and how they are expressed, particularly when genotypes are grown in different environments. In this study, an International Collection (IC) of 18 spring wheat genotypes and another set of 15 spring wheat cultivars adapted to South Dakota (SD), USA were assessed to characterize the genetic component of LMAA over 5 and 13 environments, respectively. The data were analysed using a GGE model with a mixed linear model approach and stability analysis was presented using an AMMI bi-plot on R software. All estimated variance components and their proportions to the total phenotypic variance were highly significant for both sets of genotypes, which were validated by the AMMI model analysis. Broad-sense heritability for LMAA was higher in SD adapted cultivars (53%) compared to that in IC (49%). Significant genetic effects and stability analyses showed some genotypes, e.g. 'Lancer', 'Chester' and 'LoSprout' from IC, and 'Alsen', 'Traverse' and 'Forefront' from SD cultivars could be used as parents to develop new cultivars expressing low levels of LMAA. Stability analysis using an AMMI bi-plot revealed that 'Chester', 'Lancer' and 'Advance' were the most stable across environments, while in contrast, 'Kinsman', 'Lerma52' and 'Traverse' exhibited the lowest stability for LMAA across environments.
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA. rasulg27@gmail.com.
Golam
G
Rasul
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA.
Karl D
KD
Glover
Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
Padmanaban G
PG
Krishnan
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA.
Jixiang
J
Wu
Bayer CropScience LP, Lincoln, NE, USA.
William A
WA
Berzonsky
Crop and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4N6, Canada.
Bourlaye
B
Fofana
D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D008957:Models, Genetic; D000069600:Plant Breeding; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000235:genetics*
D010940:Plant Proteins; D000516:alpha-Amylases
Bread wheat; Broad-sense heritability; Genotype; Genotype × environment interaction; Late-maturity alpha-amylase; Stability