Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Fitness-The Maastricht Study.
This cross-sectional study examined the mutual independent associations of sedentary behavior, lower intensity physical activity (LPA) and higher intensity physical activity (HPA) (an approximation of moderate to vigorous physical activity with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).



Two thousand twenty-four participants were included from The Maastricht Study (mean ± SD age, 59.7 ± 8.1 yr; 49.6% men). With the activPAL3 activity monitor, we assessed sedentary time (ST), sedentary pattern variables (number of sedentary breaks, average sedentary bout duration, and number of prolonged sedentary bouts [≥30 min]), LPA, and HPA. CRF was calculated as maximum power output per kilogram body mass (Wmax·kg) estimated from a submaximal cycle ergometer test. Linear regression analyses and isotemporal substitution analyses were used to examine associations of ST, sedentary pattern variables, and HPA with CRF. Analyses were stratified by sex.



One hour of ST per day was associated with a lower Wmax·kg: Bmen = -0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.05 to -0.01) and Bwomen = -0.02 (95% CI, -0.04 to 0.00), independent of HPA. No statistically significant associations between sedentary patterns variables and CRF were observed. LPA was associated with a higher Wmax·kg: Bmen = 0.12 (95% CI, 0.07-0.17) and Bwomen = 0.12 (95% CI, 0.07-0.18). HPA was associated with a higher Wmax·kg: Bmen = 0.48 (95% CI, 0.38-0.58) and Bwomen = 0.27 (95% CI, 0.18-0.36). Replacing ST with LPA (Bmen, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03-0.14; Bwomen, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.16) or with HPA (Bmen, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39-0.59; Bwomen = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19-0.36), but not with standing was associated with higher CRF.



Modest associations between sedentary behavior and CRF were observed. Replacing ST with LPA was associated with higher CRF, which could be of particular importance for individuals who cannot engage in HPA. Nonetheless, replacing ST with HPA was associated with greatest estimated change in CRF.
1Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 2NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 3Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 4CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 5Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 6CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 7Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS; 8Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; 9Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS; and 10Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS.
Jeroen H P M
JHPM
VAN DER Velde
Annemarie
A
Koster
Julianne D
JD
VAN DER Berg
Simone J S
SJS
Sep
Carla J H
CJH
VAN DER Kallen
Pieter C
PC
Dagnelie
Miranda T
MT
Schram
Ronald M A
RMA
Henry
Simone J P M
SJPM
Eussen
Martien C J M
MCJM
VAN Dongen
Coen D A
CDA
Stehouwer
Nicolaas C
NC
Schaper
Hans H C M
HHCM
Savelberg
D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057185:Sedentary Behavior