Prognostic Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Risk Stratification Beyond Cardiac Troponins.
Cardiac troponin (cTn) plays an essential role for assessment of outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prognostic value of cTn is not absolute. In this mini-review, we summarize the evidence on the utility of established biomarkers of left-ventricular dysfunction, hemodynamic stress, inflammation, and renal dysfunction for risk prediction beyond cTn in ACS.



Only few biomarkers consistently demonstrate additive prognostic value to cTn levels. The B-type natriuretic peptides (NPs) and growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) are most promising in this regard. However, there are uncertainties regarding the role of these biomarkers for guidance of treatment decisions, and their prognostic increment to cTn levels measured with high-sensitivity assays is largely unknown. The NPs and GDF-15 provide the strongest prognostic increment to cTn levels in ACS. However, the role of these biomarkers for clinical decision-making in contemporary settings has still to be defined.
Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden. kai.eggers@ucr.uu.se.
K M
KM
Eggers
Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
B
B
Lindahl
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D014336:Troponin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
Acute coronary syndrome; Biomarkers; Risk prediction