Maternal Depression and Early Intervention: A Call for an Integration of Services.
Depression is a serious disorder with severe and far-reaching consequences. Two decades of observational research have shown robust associations between maternal depression and adverse consequences on offspring (Campbell et al., 2004; Campbell, Matestic, von Stauffenberg, Mohan, & Kirchner, 2007; Campbell, Morgan-Lopez, Cox, & McLoyd, 2009; National Research Council & Institute of Medicine, 2009). Depressive symptoms may pose particular risk to infants and toddlers with neurodevelopmental disabilities, whose long-term outcomes depend heavily on the provision of Early Intervention (EI). EI is most effective with active parental engagement. Maternal depressive symptoms may reduce parental engagement, thereby limiting EI benefits to the child (Gaynes, Gavin & Meltzer -Brody, 2005; O'Hara & Swain, 1996). At present, maternal mental health is not directly addressed in EI. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the literature and significance of maternal depression and apply that evidence to mothers of children with developmental delays and disabilities. We conclude that maternal mental health and well-being is currently insufficiently addressed in the EI population. An increased integration of mental health and EI services is needed to serve the unique needs of families who face an increased risk of stress and depression while coping with their child's special needs.
University of Washington.
Shanna L
SL
Alvarez
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.
Samantha
S
Meltzer-Brody
Early Intervention Branch, Women's and Children's Health Section, Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Human Services.
Marcia
M
Mandel
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.
Linda
L
Beeber
autism spectrum disorder; developmental disabilities; early intervention; maternal depression; maternal depressive symptoms; postpartum depression