Understanding the link between antimicrobial properties of dietary olive phenolics and bacterial ATP synthase.
The naturally occurring olive phenolics tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), and oleuropein are known to have antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties. In the current study, we examined whether the antimicrobial properties of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, DHPG, and oleuropein were linked to the inhibition of bacterial ATP synthase. Tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, DHPG, and oleuropein inhibited Escherichia coli wild-type and mutant membrane-bound F1FoATP synthase to variable degrees. The growth properties of wild-type, null, and mutant strains in presence of above olive phenolics were also abrogated to variable degrees on limiting glucose and succinate. Tyrosol and oleuropein synergistically inhibited the wild-type enzyme. Comparative wild-type and mutant F1FoATP synthase inhibitory profiles suggested that αArg-283 is an important residue and olive phenolics bind at the polyphenol binding pocket of ATP synthase. Growth patterns of wild-type, null, and mutant strains in the presence of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, DHPG, and oleuropein also hint at the possibility of additional molecular targets. Our results demonstrated that ATP synthase can be used as a molecular target and the antimicrobial properties of olive phenolics in general and tyrosol in particular can be linked to the binding and inhibition of bacterial ATP synthase.
Department of Biochemistry, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
Amon
A
Amini
Department of Biochemistry, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
Mason
M
Liu
Department of Biochemistry, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA. Electronic address: zahmad@atsu.edu.
Zulfiqar
Z
Ahmad
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D004032:Diet; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases
Dihydroxyphenylglycol; E. coli F(1)F(o) ATP synthase; Enzyme inhibition; Hydroxytyrosol; Oleuropein; Olive phenolics; Tyrosol