Gelidiella acerosa protects against Aβ 25-35-induced toxicity and memory impairment in Swiss Albino mice: an in vivo report.
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to develop due to deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Hence, efforts are being made to develop potent drug that target amyloid hypothesis.


OBJECTIVE
The present study explores the effect of the seaweed Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & Hamel (Gelidiellaceae) against Aβ 25-35 peptide in Swiss albino mice.


METHODS
The animals were administered through intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with the Aβ 25-35 peptide (10 μg/10 μL/ICV site) on 21st day of the pretreatment of G. acerosa (whole plant) benzene extract (200 and 400 mg/kg bw). On day 30, animals were sacrificed and brain tissue homogenate was prepared. The activities of AChE, BuChE, b-secretase, MAO-B, and caspase-3 were determined, and Bax expression was assessed by Western blotting.


RESULTS
Gelidiella acerosa benzene extract restored the level of antioxidant enzymes and prevented lipid and protein oxidation significantly (p < 0.05). The extract protected the mice from cholinergic deficit significantly (p < 0.05) by inhibiting the activities of AChE and BuChE, which was about 0.116 ± 0.0088 U/mg of protein and 0.011 ± 0.0014 U/mg of protein respectively, which was otherwise increased in peptide-treated group (0.155 ± 0.007 U/mg of protein and 0.015 ± 0.0012 U/mg of protein respectively). Interestingly, G. acerosa benzene extract inhibited β-secretase and MAO-B activity. Reduction (p < 0.05) in level of caspase-3 activity and Bax expression suggests that G. acerosa protects the cells from apoptosis.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that G. acerosa possesses excellent neuroprotective potential against peptide mediated toxicity under in vivo conditions.
a Department of Biotechnology , Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) , Trichy , India.|b Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University (Science Campus) , Karaikudi , India.
Syad Arif
SA
Nisha
b Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University (Science Campus) , Karaikudi , India.
Kasi Pandima
KP
Devi
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000077265:Donepezil; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D051379:Mice; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007189:Indans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010880:Piperidines; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000077265:Donepezil; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C548245:Ache protein, mouse; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3
AChE; Alzheimer’s disease; BuChE; apoptosis; caspase-3; monoamine oxidase; oxidative stress; toxicity; β-secretase