Impact of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whether dietary carbohydrates have beneficial or detrimental effects on cardiometabolic risk factors has drawn attention. Although a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet have gained popularity for several decades, there is scarce review focusing on the effects of HC diet on glucose, lipids and body weight in patients with T2DM. In this review, we examined recently-published literature on the effects of HC diets on metabolic parameters in T2DM. HC diets are at least as effective as LC diets, leading to significant weight loss and a reduction in plasma glucose, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The major concern is that HC diets may raise serum triglyceride levels and reduce high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, these untoward effects were not a persistent consequence and may be ameliorated with the consumption of a low glycemic index (GI)/low glycemic load (GL) and high fiber. Carbohydrate intake should be individualized, and low caloric intake remains a crucial factor to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight; however, an HC diet, rich in fiber and with a low GI/GL, may be recommendable in patients with T2DM.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-Ro, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 420-767, Korea. chanh@schmc.ac.kr.
Chan-Hee
CH
Jung
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-050, Korea. medica7@gmail.com.
Kyung Mook
KM
Choi
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy*; D000070601:Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D038321:Glycemic Index; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides
fiber; glycemic index; glycemic load; high carbohydrate; type 2 diabetes