Multiresidue analysis of 24 Water Framework Directive priority substances by on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in environmental waters.
This paper reports the development of a fully multiresidue and automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 24 priority substances (PS) belonging to different classes (pesticides, hormones or pharmaceuticals) included in the Directive 2013/39/UE and the recent Watch List (Decision 2015/495) in water samples (drinking water, surface water, and effluent wastewaters). LC-MS/MS conditions and on-line SPE parameters such as sorbent type, sample and wash volumes were optimized. The developed method is highly sensitive (limits of detection between 0.1 and 1.4ngL-1) and precise (relative standard deviations lower than 8%). As part of the method validation studies, linearity, accuracy and matrix effects were assessed. The main advantage of this method over traditional off-line procedures is the minimization of tedious sample preparation increasing productivity and sample throughput. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of water samples and the results revealed the presence of 16 PS in river water and effluent water of wastewater treatment plants.
Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A., General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Adrià
A
Rubirola
Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A., General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mboledav@aiguesdebarcelona.cat.
Mª Rosa
MR
Boleda
University of Barcelona, Dpt. Anal. Chem., Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Mª Teresa
MT
Galceran
D001331:Automation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005062:European Union; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D060766:Drinking Water; D006728:Hormones; D010575:Pesticides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
European Water Framework Directive; LC–MS/MS; Multiresidue; On-line SPE; Priority substances; Water analysis