TiO2nanorod arrays as a photocatalytic coating enhanced antifungal and antibacterial efficiency of Ti substrates.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the photocatalytic inactivation of fungi and bacteria mediated by TiO2nanorod arrays (TNRs).


METHODS
The features of TNRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurement. The antimicrobial efficiency was detected on biofilm and planktonic forms of Candida albicans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by crystal violet and XTT (2,3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide) assay, confocal laser scanning microscope and colony-forming assay. Fluorogenic quantitative assay was used to explore the underlying mechanism.


CONCLUSIONS
TNRs were well aligned and vertically oriented on Ti with a diameter of about 100 μm, possessing a rougher surface and better hydrophilicity. Moreover, TNRs exhibited significantly higher antifungal and antibacterial efficiency compared with Ti under UV irradiation, laying the foundation for surface modification of implants with TNRs.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.|Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Lu
L
Jia
Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, China.
Jichuan
J
Qiu
Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
Lingqian
L
Du
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.|Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Zhi
Z
Li
Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, China.
Hong
H
Liu
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.|Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Shaohua
S
Ge
D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002384:Catalysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D010933:Plankton; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
TiO2 nanorod arrays; bacteria; biofilm; fungi; photocatalysis; planktonic; surface modification