Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral single-dose maleic acid in biofluids of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Maleic acid (MA) was purposefully adulterated in an array of starch-based foods in Taiwan, inciting a food safety incident. Due to limited data on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ingested MA, we studied pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in serum and urine of Sprague Dawley rats. Three groups of male and female rats were given three doses of MA by oral gavage; biofluid samples were collected accordingly. Data demonstrated that a non-compartment model best described MA's linear kinetic behavior upon ingestion. The mean residence life of maleic acid in serum was 17.58 h and 9.84 h for low-dosed male and female rats, whereas 8.24 h and 4.17 h for high-dosed male and female rats, respectively. Our results revealed oral bioavailability ranged from 30.8 to 41.0% for males and 32.2-39.1% for females. The data confirmed that ingested MA is absorbed and metabolized rapidly, along with low bioavailability. Future pathological studies may determine whether prolonged and low-level exposures of MA produce nephrotoxicity. These data provide additional contribution to current understanding of the kinetics of MA in a rat model and enable the development of a physiologically based model, which is essential to form the basis of evidenced-based food safety guidelines.
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, ShiuJou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
Charlene
C
Wu
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, ShiuJou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan; National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
Hsin-Chang
HC
Chen
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, ShiuJou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
Yu-Syuan
YS
Luo
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Electronic address: sychiang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
Su-Yin
SY
Chiang
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, ShiuJou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan. Electronic address: kuenyuhwu@ntu.edu.tw.
Kuen-Yuh
KY
Wu
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008298:Maleates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D008298:Maleates; C030272:maleic acid
Bioavailability; Food safety; Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; Maleic acid; On-line solid-phase extraction; Pharmacokinetic parameters