Gender differences in liver disease and the drug-dose gender gap.
Although gender-based medicine is a relatively recent concept, it is now emerging as an important field of research, supported by the finding that many diseases manifest differently in men and women and therefore, might require a different treatment. Sex-related differences regarding the epidemiology, progression and treatment strategies of certain liver diseases have long been known, but most of the epidemiological and clinical trials still report results only about one sex, with consequent different rate of response and adverse reactions to treatment between men and women in clinical practice. This review reports the data found in the literature concerning the gender-related differences for the most representative hepatic diseases.
UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: buzzetti.elena@gmail.com.
Elena
E
Buzzetti
UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Pathik M
PM
Parikh
UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Alessio
A
Gerussi
UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Emmanuel
E
Tsochatzis
D006502:Budd-Chiari Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors
Gender; Liver disease; Liver toxicity; Systematic review