HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the chief contributor to global burden of disease. In 2010, HIV was the fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in people of all ages and leading cause for people aged 30-44 years. It is classified as a member of the family Retroviridae and genus Lentivirus based on the biological, morphological, and genetic properties. It infects different cells of the immune system, such as CD4+ T cells (T-helper cells), dendritic cells, and macrophages. HIV has two subtypes: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among these strains, HIV-1 is the most virulent and pathogenic. Advanced diagnostic methods are exploring new ways of treatment and contributing in the reduction of HIV cases. The diagnostic techniques like PCR, rapid test, EIA, p24 antigen, and western blot have markedly upgraded the diagnosis of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy and vaccines are promising candidates in providing therapeutic and preventive regimes, respectively. Invention of CRISPR/Cas9 is a breakthrough in the field of HIV disease management.
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Hafiza Fizzah
HF
Zulfiqar
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Aneeqa
A
Javed
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Sumbal
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Bakht
B
Afroze
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Qurban
Q
Ali
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Khadija
K
Akbar
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Tariq
T
Nadeem
Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan.
Muhammad Adeel
MA
Rana
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Zaheer Ahmad
ZA
Nazar
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Idrees Ahmad
IA
Nasir
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Tayyab
T
Husnain
CRISPR/Cas9; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; lentivirus; macrophages; retoviridae