Sequential determination of multi-nutrient elements in natural water samples with a reverse flow injection system.
An integrated system was developed for automatic and sequential determination of NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, Fe2+, Fe3+and Mn2+in natural waters based on reverse flow injection analysis combined with spectrophotometric detection. The system operation was controlled by a single chip microcomputer and laboratory-programmed software written in LabVIEW. The experimental parameters for each nutrient element analysis were optimized based on a univariate experimental design, and interferences from common ions were evaluated. The upper limits of the linear range (along with detection limit, µmolL-1) of the proposed method was 20 (0.03), 200 (0.7), 12 (0.3), 5 (0.03), 5 (0.03), 9 (0.2) µmolL-1, for NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, Fe2+, Fe3+and Mn2+, respectively. The relative standard deviations were below 5% (n=9-13) and the recoveries varied from 88.0±1.0% to 104.5±1.0% for spiked water samples. The sample throughput was about 20h-1. This system has been successfully applied for the determination of multi-nutrient elements in different kinds of water samples and showed good agreement with reference methods (slope 1.0260±0.0043, R2=0.9991, n=50).
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
Kunning
K
Lin
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
Jian
J
Ma
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yuandx@xmu.edu.cn.
Dongxing
D
Yuan
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
Sichao
S
Feng
School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
Haitao
H
Su
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
Yongming
Y
Huang
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
Qipei
Q
Shangguan
Multi-nutrient elements; Reverse flow injection analysis; Sequential determination; Single chip microcomputer; Water samples