The Cost of Brain Surgery: Awake vs Asleep Craniotomy for Perirolandic Region Tumors.
BACKGROUND
Cost effectiveness has become an important factor in the health care system, requiring surgeons to improve efficacy of procedures while reducing costs. An awake craniotomy (AC) with direct cortical stimulation (DCS) presents one method to resect eloquent region tumors; however, some authors assert that this procedure is an expensive alternative to surgery under general anesthesia (GA) with neuromonitoring.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cost effectiveness and clinical outcomes between AC and GA patients.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 17 patients with perirolandic gliomas who underwent an AC with DCS were case-control matched with 23 patients with perirolandic gliomas who underwent surgery under GA with neuromonitoring (ie, motor-evoked potentials, somatosensory-evoked potentials, phase reversal). Inpatient costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), extent of resection, and neurological outcome were compared between the groups.


RESULTS
Total inpatient expense per patient was $34 804 in the AC group and $46 798 in the GA group ( P = .046). QALY score for the AC group was 0.97 and 0.47 for the GA group ( P = .041). The incremental cost per QALY for the AC group was $82 720 less than the GA group. Postoperative Karnofsky performance status was 91.8 in the AC group and 81.3 in the GA group (P = .047). Length of hospitalization was 4.12 days in the AC group and 7.61 days in the GA group ( P = .049).


CONCLUSIONS
The total inpatient costs for awake craniotomies were lower than surgery under GA. This study suggests better cost effectiveness and neurological outcome with awake craniotomies for perirolandic gliomas.
Department of Neurological Surgery and Oncology Outcomes Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Chikezie I
CI
Eseonu
Department of Neurological Surgery and Oncology Outcomes Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Jordina
J
Rincon-Torroella
Department of Neurological Surgery and Oncology Outcomes Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Karim
K
ReFaey
Department of Neurological Surgery and Oncology Outcomes Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Alfredo
A
Quiñones-Hinojosa
D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D005910:Glioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014851:Wakefulness
Awake craniotomy; Cost; Direct cortical stimulation; Glioma