Biologic Scaffolds.
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix are commonly used for the repair and functional reconstruction of injured and missing tissues. These naturally occurring bioscaffolds are manufactured by the removal of the cellular content from source tissues while preserving the structural and functional molecular units of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanisms by which these bioscaffolds facilitate constructive remodeling and favorable clinical outcomes include release or creation of effector molecules that recruit endogenous stem/progenitor cells to the site of scaffold placement and modulation of the innate immune response, specifically the activation of an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. The methods by which ECM biologic scaffolds are prepared, the current understanding of in vivo scaffold remodeling, and the associated clinical outcomes are discussed in this article.
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
Alessandra
A
Costa
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
Juan Diego
JD
Naranjo
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.|School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
Ricardo
R
Londono
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.|Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
Stephen F
SF
Badylak
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
D001672:Biocompatible Materials