Disease modeling in genetic kidney diseases: zebrafish.
Growing numbers of translational genomics studies are based on the highly efficient and versatile zebrafish (Danio rerio) vertebrate model. The increasing types of zebrafish models have improved our understanding of inherited kidney diseases, since they not only display pathophysiological changes but also give us the opportunity to develop and test novel treatment options in a high-throughput manner. New paradigms in inherited kidney diseases have been developed on the basis of the distinct genome conservation of approximately 70 % between zebrafish and humans in terms of existing gene orthologs. Several options are available to determine the functional role of a specific gene or gene sets. Permanent genome editing can be induced via complete gene knockout by using the CRISPR/Cas-system, among others, or via transient modification by using various morpholino techniques. Cross-species rescues succeeding knockdown techniques are employed to determine the functional significance of a target gene or a specific mutation. This article summarizes the current techniques and discusses their perspectives.
Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.|Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Bar Harbor, Me., USA.
Heiko
H
Schenk
Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.|Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Bar Harbor, Me., USA.
Janina
J
Müller-Deile
Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.|Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Bar Harbor, Me., USA.
Mark
M
Kinast
Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Schiffer.Mario@mh-hannover.de.|Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Bar Harbor, Me., USA. Schiffer.Mario@mh-hannover.de.
Mario
M
Schiffer
D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
CRISPR/Cas; Genetic kidney disease; Morpholino; Podocytopathies; Zebrafish