Regulation of humoral immunity by gut microbial products.
The intestinal tract provides ideal niches for several different microbial species, which are collectively called the gut microbiota. A key host immune effector that controls the microbiota and prevents mucosal infection is IgA. Gut microbiota-derived factors are largely classified into molecular pattern recognition receptor ligands and nutrient-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids and adenosine triphosphate. Along with host-derived factors such as retinoic acid, various cytokines and cytokine-like molecules, gut microbial products profoundly shape B cell responses. Gut microbial products can directly regulate B cell activation and differentiation. They can also indirectly affect B cells through epithelial cells, T cells, and myeloid cell subsets. We highlight the various direct and indirect mechanisms by which microbial products regulate humoral immunity.
a Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.
Myunghoo
M
Kim
a Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|b Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|c Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|d Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|e Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.
Chang H
CH
Kim
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile
B cells; Gut microbiota; IgA; humoral immunity; short-chain fatty acids