Nutrient and Metabolic Sensing in T Cell Responses.
T cells play pivotal roles in shaping host immune responses in infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. The activation of T cells requires immune and growth factor-derived signals. However, alterations in nutrients and metabolic signals tune T cell responses by impinging upon T cell fates and immune functions. In this review, we summarize how key nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, and their sensors and transporters shape T cell responses. We also briefly discuss regulation of T cell responses by oxygen and energy sensing mechanisms.
Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN , USA.
Jun
J
Wei
Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN , USA.
Jana
J
Raynor
Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN , USA.
Thanh-Long M
TL
Nguyen
Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN , USA.
Hongbo
H
Chi
T cell response; amino acid; energy; glucose; lipid; oxygen