Minimising central line-associated bloodstream infection rate in inserting central venous catheters in the adult intensive care units.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the procedural aspects in inserting central venous catheters that minimise central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in adult intensive care units through a structured literature review.


BACKGROUND
In adult intensive care units, central line-associated bloodstream infections are a major cause of high mortality rates and increased in costs due to the consequences of complications.


METHODS
Eligible articles were identified by combining indexed keywords using Boolean operator of "AND" under databases of Ovid and CINAHL. Titles and abstract of retrieved papers were screened and duplicates removed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to derive the final papers, which contained seminal studies. The quality of papers was assessed using a special data extraction form.


RESULTS
The number of papers retrieved from all databases was 337, reduced to 302 after removing duplicates. Papers were scanned for titles and abstract to locate those relevant to the review question. After this, 250 papers were excluded for different reasons and a total of 52 papers were fully accessed to assess for eligibility. The final number of papers included was 10 articles.


CONCLUSIONS
Many interventions can be implemented in the adult intensive care unit during the insertion of a central venous catheter to minimise central line-associated bloodstream infections rates. These include choosing the subclavian site to insert the catheters as the least infectious and decolonising patients' skin with alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate preparation due to its broad antimicrobial effect and durability.


CONCLUSIONS
Choosing optimal sites for central venous catheter insertion is a complex process that relies on many factors. Furthermore, the introduction of chlorhexidine gluconate preparations should be accompanied with multifaceted interventions including quality improvement initiatives to improve healthcare workers' compliance. As a quality marker in adult intensive care units, healthcare sectors should work on establishing benchmarks with other sectors around the world.
Independent Researcher, United States of America.
Hedaya Rateb
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1933-3679
HR
Hina
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Joan R S
JRS
McDowell
D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
antisepsis; antiseptic; bloodstream infection; central line-associated bloodstream infection; central line-related bloodstream infection; central venous catheter; intensive care unit; intravenous device; vascular access device; venous access device