Assessment of leg muscles mechanical capacities: Which jump, loading, and variable type provide the most reliable outcomes?
This study aimed to explore the strength of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship of lower limb muscles and the reliability of its parameters (maximum force [F0], slope [a], maximum velocity [V0], and maximum power [P0]). Twenty-three men were tested in two different jump types (squat and countermovement jump: SJ and CMJ), performed under two different loading conditions (free weight and Smith machine: Free and Smith) with 0, 17, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg loads. The maximum and averaged values of F and V were obtained for the F-V relationship modelling. All F-V relationships were strong and linear independently whether observed from the averaged across the participants (r ≥ 0.98) or individual data (r = 0.94-0.98), while their parameters were generally highly reliable (F0[CV: 4.85%, ICC: 0.87], V0[CV: 6.10%, ICC: 0.82], a [CV: 10.5%, ICC: 0.81], and P0[CV: 3.5%, ICC: 0.93]). Both the strength of the F-V relationships and the reliability of their parameters were significantly higher for (1) the CMJ over the SJ, (2) the Free over the Smith loading type, and (3) the maximum over the averaged F and V variables. In conclusion, although the F-V relationships obtained from all the jumps tested were linear and generally highly reliable, the less appropriate choice for testing the F-V relationship could be through the averaged F and V data obtained from the SJ performed either in a Free weight or in a Smith machine. Insubstantial differences exist among the other combinations tested.
a Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
Amador
A
García-Ramos
a Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
Belén
B
Feriche
a Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
Alejandro
A
Pérez-Castilla
a Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
Paulino
P
Padial
b Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology & Biomechanics and Movement Science Graduate Program , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.
Slobodan
S
Jaric
D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D059385:Plyometric Exercise; D055815:Young Adult
Smith machine; force–velocity relationship; maximum force; maximum power; maximum velocity