[Surveillance system on drug abuse: Interest of the French national OPPIDUM program of French addictovigilance network].
It is important to assess drug abuse liability in 'real life' using different surveillance systems. OPPIDUM ('Observation of illegal drugs and misuse of psychotropic medications') surveillance system anonymously collects information on drug abuse and dependence observed in patients recruited in specialized care centers dedicated to drug dependence. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the utility of OPPIDUM system using 2015 data. OPPIDUM is a cross-sectional survey repeated each year since 1995. In 2015, 5003 patients described the modality of use of 10,159 psychoactive drugs. Among them, 77% received an opiate maintenance treatment: 68% methadone (half of them consumed capsule form) and 27% buprenorphine (39% consumed generic form). Brand-name buprenorphine is more often injected than generic buprenorphine (10% vs. 2%) and among methadone consumers 7% of methadone capsule consumers have illegally obtained methadone (vs. 9% for syrup form). The proportion of medications among psychoactive drugs injected is important (42%), with morphine representing 21% of the total psychoactive drugs injected and buprenorphine, 16%. OPPIDUM highlighted emergent behaviors of abuse with some analgesic opioids (like tramadol, oxycodone or fentanyl), pregabalin, or quetiapine. OPPIDUM highlighted variations of drugs use regarding geographic approaches or by drug dependence care centers (like in harm reduction centers). OPPIDUM clearly demonstrated that collection of valid and useful data on drug abuse is possible, these data have an interest at regional, national and international levels.
Service de pharmacologie clinique et pharmacovigilance, CEIP-addictovigilance, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille université, CNRS, institut des neurosciences Timone, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: elisabeth.frauger@ap-hm.fr.
Elisabeth
E
Frauger
Service de pharmacologie clinique et pharmacovigilance, CEIP-addictovigilance, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille université, CNRS, institut des neurosciences Timone, 13005 Marseille, France.
Liselotte
L
Pochard
Service de pharmacologie clinique et pharmacovigilance, CEIP-addictovigilance, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille université, CNRS, institut des neurosciences Timone, 13005 Marseille, France.
Quentin
Q
Boucherie
Service de pharmacologie clinique et pharmacovigilance, CEIP-addictovigilance, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille université, CNRS, institut des neurosciences Timone, 13005 Marseille, France.
Adeline
A
Giocanti
CEIP-addictovigilance, GH Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.
Cécile
C
Chevallier
Inserm U1219, service de pharmacologie médicale, CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
Amélie
A
Daveluy
CEIP-addictovigilance, hôpital central, CHRU de Nancy, 54035 Nancy cedex, France.
Valérie
V
Gibaja
Service de pharmacologie, CEIP-addictovigilance du Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
Anne-Sylvie
AS
Caous
CEIP-addictovigilance, département de pharmacologie médicale et toxicologie, CHRU de Montpellier, 34294 Montpellier cedex, France.
Céline
C
Eiden
Service de pharmacologie médicale, CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Nicolas
N
Authier
Service de pharmacologie médicale, CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France.
Reynald
R
Le Boisselier
Service de pharmacologie clinique, CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
Marylène
M
Guerlais
Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Émilie
É
Jouanjus
CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Marion
M
Lepelley
CEIP-addictovigilance de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France.
Véronique
V
Pizzoglio
Service de pharmacologie clinique et vigilances, CEIP-addictovigilance, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
Stéphanie
S
Pain
Direction des médicaments en neurologie, psychiatrie, anesthésie, antalgie, ophtalmologie, stupéfiants, psychotropes et médicaments des addictions, ANSM, 93285 Saint-Denis, France.
Nathalie
N
Richard
Service de pharmacologie clinique et pharmacovigilance, CEIP-addictovigilance, hôpital de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille université, CNRS, institut des neurosciences Timone, 13005 Marseille, France.
Joëlle
J
Micallef
D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
Abus de substances psychoactives; Dispositifs de surveillance et de veille sanitaire; Pharmacoepidemiology; Pharmacoépidémiologie; Postmarketing surveillance system; Prescription drug abuse; Substance-related disorders