Cross-sectional associations between dietary intake and carotid intima media thickness in type 2 diabetes: baseline data from a randomised trial.
To assess associations between dietary intake and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) by carotid ultrasound (CUS), a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, in those with type 2 diabetes.



Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 325 participants from three randomised controlled trials collected in the same way.



Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.



325 participants with type 2 diabetes, taking oral antidiabetic agents, with an HbA1c between 6.5% and 8.0% at screening, without a recent cardiovascular event.



CIMT by CUS and associations with dietary intake from 7-day food records, as well as anthropometric measures and fasting serum samples.



CIMT was significantly inversely associated with dietary pulse intake (β=-0.019, p=0.009), available carbohydrate (β=-0.004, p=0.008), glycaemic load (β=-0.001, p=0.007) and starch (β=-0.126, p=0.010), and directly associated with total (β=0.004, p=0.028) and saturated (β=0.012, p=0.006) fat intake in multivariate regression models adjusted for age, smoking, previous CVD event, blood pressure medication, antidiabetic medication and ultrasonographer.



Lower CIMT was significantly associated with greater consumption of dietary pulses and carbohydrates and lower total and saturated fat intake, suggesting a potential role for diet in CVD risk management in type 2 diabetes. Randomised controlled trials are anticipated to explore these associations further.



NCT01063374.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laura
L
Chiavaroli
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Arash
A
Mirrahimi
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Christopher
C
Ireland
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sandra
S
Mitchell
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sandhya
S
Sahye-Pudaruth
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Judy
J
Coveney
Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Omodele
O
Olowoyeye
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Darshna
D
Patel
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Russell J
RJ
de Souza
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|National Cancer Institute 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Naples, Italy.
Livia S A
LS
Augustin
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Balachandran
B
Bashyam
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sathish Chandra
SC
Pichika
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sonia
S
Blanco Mejia
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Stephanie K
SK
Nishi
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Lawrence A
LA
Leiter
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Robert G
RG
Josse
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gail E
GE
McKeown-Eyssen
Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Alan R
AR
Moody
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Cyril W C
CW
Kendall
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
John L
JL
Sievenpiper
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
David J A
DJ
Jenkins
D002170:Canada; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY; NUTRITION & DIETETICS