Is Emotion Recognition Related to Core Symptoms of Childhood ADHD?
OBJECTIVE
Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have some problems in social relationships which may be related to their deficit in recognizing emotional expressions. It is not clear if the deficit in emotion recognition is secondary to core symptoms of ADHD or can be considered as an independent symptom. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of detecting emotional faces and its relation to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in children with ADHD compared to a typically developing (TD) group.


METHODS
Twenty-eight boys diagnosed as having ADHD, aged from seven to 12 years old were compared to 27 TD boys using a computerized Facial Emotion Recognition Task (FERT). Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II) were also administered to assess the severity of inattention and impulsivity.


RESULTS
The percentages of angry, happy and sad faces detected by children with ADHD were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the control group. The time spent in recognizing happy faces was higher in the ADHD group (p=0.04). The sequential regression analyses showed a significant association between angry and sad targets recognition and inattention (P<0.05), as well as between oppositionality and angry faces detection (P<0.05) when hyperactivity-impulsivity was added to the model.


CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that children with ADHD suffer from some impairments in recognizing angry, happy and sad faces. This deficit may be related to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi
M
Tehrani-Doost
Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Gholamreza
G
Noorazar
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra
Z
Shahrivar
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Anahita Khorrami
AK
Banaraki
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Parvane Farhad
PF
Beigi
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Nahid
N
Noorian
ADHD; emotion recognition; impulsivity; inattention