Implicating ABC Transporters in Insecticide Resistance: Research Strategies and a Decision Framework.
Pest insects damage crops, transmit diseases, and are household nuisances. Historically, they have been controlled with insecticides, but overuse often leads to resistance to one or more of these chemicals. Insects gain resistance to insecticides through behavioral, metabolic, genetic, and physical mechanisms. One frequently overlooked strategy is through the use of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC transporters, present in all domains of life, perform natural excretory functions, thus the exploitation of these transporters to excrete insecticides and contribute to resistance is highly plausible. Previous work has implicated ABC transporters in some cases of insecticide resistance. Proposed herein is a framework meant as a formal guide for more easily incorporating the analysis of ABC transporters into existing resistance monitoring using suggested simple research methods. This framework functions as a simple decision tree and its utility is demonstrated using case examples. Determining a role for ABC transporters in insecticide resistance would help to shape future resistance management plans and guide the design of new insecticides.
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 (ryan.c.gott@gmail.com; gracekunkel@gmail.com; ezobel@umd.edu; lovettbr@umd.edu; djh@umd.edu).
Ryan C
RC
Gott
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 (ryan.c.gott@gmail.com; gracekunkel@gmail.com; ezobel@umd.edu; lovettbr@umd.edu; djh@umd.edu).
Grace R
GR
Kunkel
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 (ryan.c.gott@gmail.com; gracekunkel@gmail.com; ezobel@umd.edu; lovettbr@umd.edu; djh@umd.edu).
Emily S
ES
Zobel
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 (ryan.c.gott@gmail.com; gracekunkel@gmail.com; ezobel@umd.edu; lovettbr@umd.edu; djh@umd.edu).
Brian R
BR
Lovett
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 (ryan.c.gott@gmail.com; gracekunkel@gmail.com; ezobel@umd.edu; lovettbr@umd.edu; djh@umd.edu).
David J
DJ
Hawthorne
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides
ABC transporter; P-gp; insecticide; pest; resistance