The Influence of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From the "¡Caminemos!" Study.
We examined the prospective effect of an evidence-based exercise intervention (¡Caminemos!) on cognitive function among older Hispanic/Latino adults and the potential synergistic effects (if any) of an attribution-retraining intervention given to a random sample to counter negative ascriptions of the aging process.



We analyzed baseline and follow-up (1- and 2-year) data collected from Hispanics/Latinos ≥60 years (N = 571) who participated in ¡Caminemos! across 27 senior centers. All participants were randomly assigned to either (a) the treatment group-a 1-hr attribution-retraining session plus a 1-hr exercise class or (b) the control group-health education plus a 1-hr exercise class. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the exercise class and the attribution-retraining component on longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning, as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination.



In analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and medical comorbidities, participants in both trial arms displayed higher cognitive functioning scores at the 1-year (β = 1.76, p = .001) and 2-year (β = 1.37, p = .013) follow-ups when compared with original baseline scores. However, we found no significant difference in cognitive function between the treatment versus control conditions (β = 0.41, p = .582), nor were any differences found across groups over time.



The exercise intervention improved cognitive function in older Hispanics/Latinos, regardless of whether it was supplemented with the age-related attribution retraining. These findings suggest that limited access to exercise programs may be a greater obstacle in forestalling cognitive decline in older Hispanics/Latinos than the negative beliefs they might hold of the aging process.
School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Lissette M
LM
Piedra
Kinesiology & Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Flavia C D
FCD
Andrade
School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Rosalba
R
Hernandez
School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Seth William
SW
Boughton
City of Los Angeles Department of Aging, California.
Laura
L
Trejo
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Catherine A
CA
Sarkisian
D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
Cognition; Exercise/physical activity; Intervention; Latino/a (Mexican American)