Evaluation of phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity in gluten-free flours.
The characterization of phenolic fingerprints in common gluten-free flours is still scarce. Total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, antioxidant capacity and the entire phenolic profile were investigated for extracts from chickpea, sorghum, quinoa, black rice, lentil, amaranth, brown rice, oat and white rice flours, using soft wheat flour as a comparison. The highest phenolic content was found in black rice, followed by quinoa extracts (147.9 and 87.2mg gallic acid equivalents 100g-1, respectively). Consistently, antioxidant capacity was highest in black rice and quinoa flours (34mmol trolox equivalents 100g-1), while anthocyanins were highest in black rice flour. Data showed a high correlation between phenolic content and both reducing and scavenging activities, with Pearson's coefficient of 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. Although the entire phenolic profile was diverse and differed among flours, these represent a valuable source of health-promoting compounds, mainly belonging to flavonoids, phenolic acids and lignans.
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Gabriele
G
Rocchetti
Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Giulia
G
Chiodelli
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Gianluca
G
Giuberti
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Francesco
F
Masoero
Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Marco
M
Trevisan
Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy. Electronic address: luigi.lucini@unicatt.it.
Luigi
L
Lucini
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free / Q000379:methods*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols
3,4-DHPEA-EA (PubChem CID: 101723007); Anthocyanins; Apigenin 7-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 44257792); Avenanthramide C (PubChem CID: 11723200); Catechin 3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 44257076); Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 12303203); Food metabolomics; Food profiling; Kaempferol (PubChem CID: 5280863); Legumes; Naringin (PubChem CID: 4441); Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 443648); Pseudo-cereals; Secoisolariciresinol (PubChem CID: 65373); Total phenol content