Post-Traumatic Sleep-Wake Disorders.
All living organisms that face a traumatic life event are susceptible to sleep-wake disturbances. Stress, which can result in trauma, evokes a high level of physiological arousal associated with sympathetic nervous system activation, during both sleep and wakefulness. Heredity, sex hormones, early losses, developmental factors and intra- and interpersonal conflicts, contribute to the level of baseline physiological arousal, producing either subclinical, clinical or complex clinical traits, acutely and at any time after exposure to a traumatic event. The risk of acute sleep-wake disturbances becoming disorders and syndromes depends on the type of traumatic event and all of the aforementioned factors. Taken together, with consideration for behavioural and environmental heterogeneity, in research, will aid identification and understanding of susceptibility factors in long-term sleep and wakefulness pathology after exposure to traumatic events.
Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 550 University Avenue, Rm 11207, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada. tatyana.mollayeva@utoronto.ca.|Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. tatyana.mollayeva@utoronto.ca.|Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. tatyana.mollayeva@utoronto.ca.
Tatyana
T
Mollayeva
Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto-Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
Andrea
A
D'Souza
Graduate Biology Department, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
Shirin
S
Mollayeva
Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 550 University Avenue, Rm 11207, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.|Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Angela
A
Colantonio
D000818:Animals; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
Disorders of sleep and wakefulness; Hyperarousal; Risk; Sex differences; Trauma