Use of liquid chromatography hybrid triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the detection of emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine.
Emodin is the representative form of rhubarb, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiviral, etc. Previous reports demonstrated that emodin glucuronide was the major metabolite in plasma. Owing to the extensive conjugation reactions of polyphenols, the aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of emodin in rat bile and urine. Neutral loss and precursor ion scan methods of triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed 13 conjugated metabolites in rat bile and 22 metabolites in rat urine, which included four phase I and 18 phase II metabolites. The major metabolites in rat biosamples were emodin glucuronoconjugates. Moreover, rhein monoglucuronide, chrysophanol monoglucuronide and rhein sulfate were proposed for the first time after oral administration of emodin. Overall, liquid chromatography hybrid triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis leads to the discovery of several novel emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine and underscores that conjugated with glucuronic acid is the main metabolic pathway.
Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Songyan
S
Wu
Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Yaqing
Y
Zhang
Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Zunjian
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-9237
Z
Zhang
Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Rui
R
Song
D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004642:Emodin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012250:Rheum; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
D020719:Glucuronides; D004642:Emodin
LC-QqQ-MS; emodin; glucuronide; metabolites