Dynamic monitoring of membrane nanotubes formation induced by vaccinia virus on a high throughput microfluidic chip.
Membrane nanotubes (MNTs) are physical connections for intercellular communication and induced by various viruses. However, the formation of vaccinia virus (VACV)-induced MNTs has never been studied. In this report, VACV-induced MNTs formation process was monitored on a microfluidic chip equipped with a series of side chambers, which protected MNTs from fluidic shear stress. MNTs were formed between susceptible cells and be facilitated by VACV infection through three patterns. The formed MNTs varied with cell migration and virus concentration. The length of MNTs was positively correlated with the distance of cell migration. With increasing virus titer, the peak value of the ratio of MNT-carried cell appeared earlier. The immunofluorescence assay indicated that the rearrangement of actin fibers induced by VACV infection may lead to the formation of MNTs. This study presents evidence for the formation of MNTs induced by virus and helps us to understand the relationship between pathogens and MNTs.
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
Min
M
Xiao
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.|Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China.
Na
N
Xu
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
Cheng
C
Wang
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
Dai-Wen
DW
Pang
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
Zhi-Ling
ZL
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000502:physiology*; D014709:Vero Cells