Effects of the Mediterranean Diet before and after Weight Loss on Eating Behavioral Traits in Men with Metabolic Syndrome.
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) consumed before and after weight loss on eating behavioral traits as measured by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this fixed sequence study, 19 men with MetS (National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria), aged between 24 and 62 years, first consumed a five-week standardized North American control diet followed by a five-week MedDiet, both under weight-maintaining controlled-feeding conditions. This was followed by a 20-week caloric restriction weight loss period in free-living conditions, without specific recommendations towards adhering to the principles of the MedDiet. Participants were finally subjected to a final five-week MedDiet phase under isoenergetic controlled-feeding conditions. The MedDiet before weight loss had no impact on eating behavioral traits. Body weight reduction by caloric restriction (-10.2% of initial weight) was associated with increased cognitive restraint (p< 0.0001) and with reduced disinhibition (p= 0.02) and susceptibility to hunger (p= 0.01). Feeding the MedDiet for five weeks under isoenergetic conditions after the weight loss phase had no further impact on eating behavioral traits. Results of this controlled-feeding study suggest that consumption of the MedDiet per se has no effect on eating behavioral traits as measured by TFEQ, unless it is combined with significant weight loss.
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. elise.carbonneau.1@ulaval.ca.
Élise
É
Carbonneau
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. mmroyer@hotmail.com.
Marie-Michelle
MM
Royer
Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AL T6G 2P5, Canada. cr5@ualberta.ca.
Caroline
C
Richard
Lipid Research Center, CHU de Quebec, 2705, Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada. patrick.couture@crchul.ulaval.ca.
Patrick
P
Couture
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. sophie.desroches@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
Sophie
S
Desroches
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. simone.lemieux@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
Simone
S
Lemieux
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. benoit.lamarche@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
Benoît
B
Lamarche
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004032:Diet; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
Mediterranean diet; Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire; cognitive restraint; disinhibition; metabolic syndrome; susceptibility to hunger; weight loss