Localization and Tracking of Implantable Biomedical Sensors.
Implantable sensor systems are effective tools for biomedical diagnosis, visualization and treatment of various health conditions, attracting the interest of researchers, as well as healthcare practitioners. These systems efficiently and conveniently provide essential data of the body part being diagnosed, such as gastrointestinal (temperature, pH, pressure) parameter values, blood glucose and pressure levels and electrocardiogram data. Such data are first transmitted from the implantable sensor units to an external receiver node or network and then to a central monitoring and control (computer) unit for analysis, diagnosis and/or treatment. Implantable sensor units are typically in the form of mobile microrobotic capsules or implanted stationary (body-fixed) units. In particular, capsule-based systems have attracted significant research interest recently, with a variety of applications, including endoscopy, microsurgery, drug delivery and biopsy. In such implantable sensor systems, one of the most challenging problems is the accurate localization and tracking of the microrobotic sensor unit (e.g., robotic capsule) inside the human body. This article presents a literature review of the existing localization and tracking techniques for robotic implantable sensor systems with their merits and limitations and possible solutions of the proposed localization methods. The article also provides a brief discussion on the connection and cooperation of such techniques with wearable biomedical sensor systems.
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. iumay@uwaterloo.ca.
Ilknur
I
Umay
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. fidan@uwaterloo.ca.
Barış
B
Fidan
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. billur@ee.bilkent.edu.tr.
Billur
B
Barshan
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002214:Capsules; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012371:Robotics
D002214:Capsules
biomedical microrobot; biomedical robotics; capsule endoscopy; gastrointestinal (GI) tract; localization; tracking; wireless capsule endoscopy