Organic-Gelatin-Free Nanocomposite Fricke Gel Dosimeter.
We report a nanocomposite Fricke gel (NC-FG) dosimeter prepared using only Fe2+and nanoclay in water, without any organic gelling agents. This dosimeter gels due to its thixotropic properties and exhibits linear energy transfer (LET)-independent radiological properties under carbon ion beam irradiation. The radiation sensitivity of this dosimeter was 1.8 [s-1kGy-1], which is three times higher than that reported previously (0.6 [s-1kGy-1]) for a similar dosimeter containing gelatin. The Fe3+yield was determined to be 0.19 μmol/J by evaluating the difference in spin-lattice relaxivity between Fe3+and Fe2+. A further increase in the radiation sensitivity was observed upon addition of the hydrated electron scavenger N2O, suggesting the reduction of Fe3+by a hydrated electron. LET-dependent variations of the contributions of OH radicals and hydrated electrons compensate each other in the oxidation yield of NC-FG. This is the main mechanism of the suppression of LET effects in the Bragg peak compared to conventional Fricke dosimeters. The radiation-induced oxidation yield G(Fe3+) can be described by the stoichiometric equation {G(Fe3+) = G(OH) - G(eaq-) + 2G(H2O2) + G(H)} with the reported LET dependence of the primary yield of water decomposition radicals. The calculated results are in approximate agreement with the absolute value of the experimental oxidation yield of NC-FG. The effects of the addition of small amounts of radical scavengers (nitrate, selenate, or cadmium) are also evaluated. The sensitivity was divided into two types, and influences of intermediate radicals after scavenging reaction are indicated.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University , 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
Takuya
0000-0003-2850-3331
T
Maeyama
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Nobuhisa
N
Fukunishi
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Kenichi L
KL
Ishikawa
Department of Neurosurgery, Himon'ya Hospital , 2-9-5 Minami, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0013, Japan.|Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Kazuaki
K
Fukasaku
Radiation Quality Control Section, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Shigekazu
S
Fukuda