Peste des petits ruminants infection in domestic ruminants in Sudan.
The existence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in domestic ruminants and camels in Sudan during 2008-2012 was investigated. Lung tissues and serum samples were randomly collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at different areas of Sudan. A total of 12,384 serum samples were collected from clinically healthy 7413 sheep, 1988 camels, 1501 cattle, 1459 goats, and 23 gazelles at different areas in the Sudan. They were examined for PPR antibodies using competitive ELISA (cELISA). The overall detected seroprevalence of PPR in tested sera was 49.4%; seroprevalence values within species were 67.1, 48.2, 25.8, 2.1, and 21.7% in sheep, goat, cattle, camels, and gazelles, respectively. The highest seroprevalence (68.1%) was observed in sera collected from Darfur states, then the central states (54.3%). A total of 1276 lung tissue samples (623 sheep, 324 cattle, 220 camels, and 109 goats) were collected. The majority of lung samples were collected from clinically healthy animals that showed lesions on PM in slaughterhouses (95%) and during PPR outbreaks; samples were tested for PPR antigen using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA). PPR antigen was detected in 233 out of the 1276 tested samples (18.3%). Positive results were observed in samples collected from clinically healthy and diseased animals. The observed prevalence values in each species were 33.6, 21.1, 15.4, and 12.3% in camel, goat, sheep, and cattle, respectively. PPR antigen was detected in samples from different areas; however, the highest prevalence (63.9%) was found in samples collected from the eastern states, then Khartoum state (28%). Trials for virus isolation were done in different cell cultures. Out of 30 IcELISA-positive samples inoculated in primary bovine and ovine kidney cells, Vero cells, the PPR virus was successfully isolated from 15 (eight sheep, five camels, and two goats) samples in the three cell culture types. Using RT-PCR, PPRV nucleic acid was detected in all 25 IcELISA-positive tested samples.
Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan. intisarkamil@yahoo.com.|Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. intisarkamil@yahoo.com.
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Intisar
Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.|Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ali
Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Haj
Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Sahar
Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Shaza
Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Baraa
Rabak Veterinary Research Laboratory, White Nile State, Sudan.
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Ishag
El Obeid Veterinary Research Laboratory, North Kordofan State, Sudan.
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Nouri
Atbara Veterinary Research Laboratory, River Nile State, Sudan.
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Taha
Wad Medani Veterinary Research Laboratory, Gezira State, Sudan.
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Nada
Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Ahmed
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan.
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Khalafalla
Control of Exotic and Emerging Animal Diseases, Montpellier, France.
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Libeau
FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, 2444, Austria.
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Diallo
D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002162:Camelus / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006041:Goats / Q000276:immunology; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D012418:Ruminants / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012756:Sheep / Q000276:immunology; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014709:Vero Cells
D000914:Antibodies, Viral
Camel; Cattle; Goat; PPR; Prevalence; Sheep; Sudan