The impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on perioperative outcomes after elective laparotomy - A prospective observational study.
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of risk factors, including central obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure and atherogenic dyslipidemia. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the impact of MetS on perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy.


METHODS
We included 105 consecutive non-diabetic patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy. Patients were divided into two groups based on MetS diagnosis. Perioperative adverse events were recorded according to the definitions of the European Perioperative Clinical Outcome guidelines.


RESULTS
The prevalence of MetS was 57.1%. The presence of MetS was associated with a 2.64 higher odds (95% CI 1.18-5.95, P = 0.019) for respiratory events and a 3.42 higher odds (95% CI 1.05-11.13, P = 0.041) for superficial surgical site infections. Furthermore, regarding MetS patients, all individual components of MetS were associated with worse outcomes in an independent manner.


CONCLUSIONS
MetS as an entity along with its individual components are associated with an increased risk of perioperative events in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with laparotomy.
Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: elenilaou1@gmail.com.
Eleni
E
Laou
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: hmilioni@uoi.gr.
Haralampos
H
Milionis
Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: apetrou3@gmail.com.
Anastasios
A
Petrou
Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: earnaout@gmail.com.
Eleni
E
Arnaoutoglou
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: gglantzounis@gmail.com.
Georgios
G
Glantzounis
Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: ebairakt@cc.uoi.gr.
Eleni
E
Bairaktari
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: dmavridi@cc.uoi.gr.
Dimitrios
D
Mavridis
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK. Electronic address: mikhailidis@aol.com.
Dimitri P
DP
Mikhailidis
Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: geopapad@cc.uoi.gr.
Georgios
G
Papadopoulos
Department of Anesthesia and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina University Campus, Stavros Niarchos Ave., Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: ptzimas@cc.uoi.gr.
Petros
P
Tzimas
D000368:Aged; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Anesthesia; Elective laparotomy; Metabolic syndrome; Perioperative outcome