Preparation of mucosal nanoparticles and polymer-based inactivated vaccine for Newcastle disease and H9N2 AI viruses.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a mucosal inactivated vaccines for Newcastle disease (ND) and H9N2 viruses to protect against these viruses at sites of infections through mucosal immunity.


METHODS
In this study, we prepared two new formulations for mucosal bivalent inactivated vaccine formulations for Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) based on the use of nanoparticles and polymer adjuvants. The prepared vaccines were delivered via intranasal and spray routes of administration in specific pathogen-free chickens. Cell-mediated and humoral immune response was measured as well as challenge trial was carried out. In addition, ISA71 water in oil was also evaluated.


RESULTS
Our results showed that the use of spray route as vaccination delivery method of polymer and nanoparticles Montanide™ adjuvants revealed that it enhanced the cell mediated immune response as indicated by phagocytic activity, gamma interferon and interleukin 6 responses and induced protection against challenge with Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) viruses.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrate the potentiality of polymer compared to nanoparticles adjuvantes when used via spray route. Mass application of such vaccines will add value to improve the vaccination strategies against ND virus and Avian influenza viruses.
Department of Poultry Vaccines Production Unit Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia 11759, Egypt.
Heba M El
HM
Naggar
Department of Poultry Vaccines Production Unit Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia 11759, Egypt.
Mohamed Sayed
MS
Madkour
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
Hussein Ali
HA
Hussein
H9N2; Newcastle; adjuvant; mucosal; nanoparticles; polymer