Whole Genome Sequencing for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance inActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of 96 clinical isolates ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important porcine respiratory pathogen, and the identification of AMR genes in whole genome sequence (wgs) data. Susceptibility of the isolates to nine antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, tilmicosin, trimethoprim, and tylosin) was determined by agar dilution susceptibility test. Except for the macrolides tested, elevated MICs were highly correlated to the presence of AMR genes identified in wgs data using ResFinder or BLASTn. Of the isolates tested, 57% were resistant to tetracycline [MIC ≥ 4 mg/L; 94.8% with eithertet(B) ortet(H)]; 48% to sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥ 256 mg/L or DD = 6; 100% withsul2), 20% to ampicillin (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L; 100% withblaROB-1), 17% to trimethoprim (MIC ≥ 32 mg/L; 100% withdfrA14), and 6% to enrofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/L; 100% with GyrAS83F). Only 33% of the isolates did not have detectable AMR genes, and were sensitive by MICs for the antimicrobial agents tested. Although 23 isolates had MIC ≥ 32 mg/L for tylosin, all isolates had MIC ≤ 16 mg/L for both erythromycin and tilmicosin, and no macrolide resistance genes or known point mutations were detected. Other than the GyrAS83F mutation, the AMR genes detected were mapped to potential plasmids. In addition to presence on plasmid(s), thetet(B) gene was also found chromosomally either as part of a 56 kb integrative conjugative element (ICEApl1) in 21, or as part of a Tn7insertion in 15 isolates. Our results indicate that, with the exception of macrolides, wgs data can be used to accurately predict resistance ofA. pleuropneumoniaeto the tested antimicrobial agents and provides added value for routine surveillance.
Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK.
Janine T
JT
Bossé
Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK.
Yanwen
Y
Li
Animal and Plant Health Agency Bury St Edmunds, UK.
Jon
J
Rogers
Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK.
Roberto
R
Fernandez Crespo
Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK.
Yinghui
Y
Li
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.
Roy R
RR
Chaudhuri
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge, UK.
Matthew T G
MT
Holden
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.
Duncan J
DJ
Maskell
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.
Alexander W
AW
Tucker
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK.
Brendan W
BW
Wren
Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield, UK.
Andrew N
AN
Rycroft
Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK.
Paul R
PR
Langford
Pasteurellaceae; animal infections; antimicrobial resistance genes; genomics; integrative conjugative elements; plasmids; respiratory tract