Differential cytokine profiling in Chagasic patients according to their arrhythmogenic-status.
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is characterized by heart failure and sudden death. Identifying which factors are involved in evolution and treatment response is actually challenging. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the Th1/Th17 (IL-6, IL-2, TNF, IL-17 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) serum profile in Venezuelan Chagasic patients stratified according amiodarone treatment, hypertension and arrhythmias.



Sera from 38 chagasic patients were analyzed to determine the level of cytokines by Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays. ANOVA test was applied to determine differences for each group. Additionally, a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to observe the accuracy of different cytokines to discriminate between the groups.



The levels of several cytokines were significantly higher in the high-risk of sudden death and untreated group. LDA showed that IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 were the best cytokines for discriminating between high-risk of sudden death and untreated patients versus low-risk of sudden death, treated and control groups.



High IL-2 levels seem to identify patients with high-risk of sudden death and seems adequate as treatment efficacy marker. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the anti-inflammatory role of the amiodarone in Chagas disease, suggesting an inmunomodulatory effect that may be exploited as coadjutant therapy in chronic Chagas disease.
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela. hrodrigu@ivic.gob.ve.
Héctor
H
Rodríguez-Angulo
Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Caracas, Venezuela.
Juan
J
Marques
Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Caracas, Venezuela.
Ivan
I
Mendoza
Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Marco
M
Villegas
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
Alfredo
A
Mijares
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Núria
N
Gironès
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Manuel
M
Fresno
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D003645:Death, Sudden; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014687:Venezuela
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D000638:Amiodarone