Sex differences in oxidative stress after eccentric and concentric exercise.
OBJECTIVE
Comparison of redox balance changes in the blood of women and men as a result of submaximal eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CONC) efforts.


METHODS
10 women and 10 men performed three 45-minute submaximal treadmill runs at constant velocities (downhill run - ECC, uphill run - CONC and level run). Prior to the 45-minute exercises, after their completion and following 24 hours of recovery, the concentration of lactate, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), 3-nitrotyrosine, uric acid (UA) and the white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte content in the blood were determined.


RESULTS
In women, the ox-LDL increased significantly 10 minutes and 24 hours following ECC (P < 0.05). 10 minutes after ECC, in women, there was an increase in WBC, NEUT and LYMPH (P < 0.05). In the men, WBC and NEUT increased significantly 24 hours after CONC and ECC (P < 0.05). UA in each determination was higher in the men than the women (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
ECC cause impaired redox balance only in women. Due to the increase in antioxidant capacity of the blood without accompanying oxidative damage to macromolecules, for both sexes, it is recommended to perform concentric running efforts at the highest possible subliminal intensity.
a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland.
Magdalena
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-3049
M
Wiecek
a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland.
Marcin
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-4081
M
Maciejczyk
b Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Poland.
Jadwiga
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-7954
J
Szymura
c Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Poland.
Zbigniew
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-6579
Z
Szygula
D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
Oxidative stress; concentric exercise; eccentric exercise; muscle damage; sex differences; submaximal exercise