Increased Adipose and Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Without Changes in Serum Adiponectin in Young Female Collegiate Athletes.
Effects of endurance training on adipose insulin sensitivity in association with body composition, circulating adipokines, and markers of inflammation have been studied less in young Asian subjects.



Adipose insulin sensitivity/resistance was compared between 170 female Japanese collegiate athletes and 311 nonathletes (18-24 years), who underwent measurements of serum adipokines, markers of insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Two separate subsamples of two groups of women underwent either a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test or a standardized meal test, but not both.



As compared with nonathletes, athletes, characterized by higher skeletal muscle mass and lower percentage of body fat (both P < 0.001), had lower adipose insulin resistance (IR) (a product of fasting insulin and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and lower leptin/adiponectin ratio (both P < 0.001). Although athletes had lower postmeal/postglucose insulinemia (P = 0.009 and 0.01, respectively), the two groups did not differ in postmeal percentage NEFA suppression and postmeal/postglucose glycemia, suggesting increased insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, respectively. Serum leptin (P < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.01) were lower in athletes, whereas adiponectin and homeostasis model assessment IR did not differ.



Endurance training was associated with increased insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue as well as skeletal muscle without changes in circulating adiponectin even in young, normal-weight Japanese women.
1 Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .|2 Department of Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences , Osaka, Japan .
Kaori
K
Kitaoka
3 Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
Mika
M
Takeuchi
1 Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
Ayaka
A
Tsuboi
1 Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .|4 Graduate School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo , Himeji, Japan .
Satomi
S
Minato
1 Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .|3 Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
Miki
M
Kurata
5 Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
Shigehiro
S
Tanaka
1 Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .|6 Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital , Kakogawa, Japan .
Tsutomu
T
Kazumi
1 Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .|3 Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
Keisuke
K
Fukuo
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
adiponectin; adipose tissue; endurance training; insulin sensitivity; skeletal muscle