Opposite effects of 5-HT/AKH and octopamine on the crop contractions in adult Drosophila melanogaster: Evidence of a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry.
This study showed that in adult Drosophila melanogaster, the type of sugar-either present within the crop lumen or in the bathing solution of the crop-had no effect on crop muscle contraction. What is important, however, is the volume within the crop lumen. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that exogenous applications of serotonin on crop muscles increases both the amplitude and the frequency of crop contraction rate, while adipokinetic hormone mainly enhances the crop contraction frequency. Conversely, octopamine virtually silenced the overall crop activity. The present study reports for the first time an analysis of serotonin effects along the gut-brain axis in adult D. melanogaster. Injection of serotonin into the brain between the interocellar area shows that brain applications of serotonin decrease the frequency of crop activity. Based on our results, we propose that there are two different, opposite pathways for crop motility control governed by serotonin: excitatory when added in the abdomen (i.e., directly bathing the crop) and inhibitory when supplied within the brain (i.e., by injection). Finally, our results point to a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry suggesting that not only the brain can affect gut functions, but the gut can also affect the central nervous system. On the basis of our results, and data in the literature, a possible mechanism for these two discrete serotonergic functions is suggested.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Paolo
P
Solari
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America.
Nicholas
N
Rivelli
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Francescaelena
F
De Rose
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Lorenzo
L
Picciau
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Ludovico
L
Murru
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America.
John G
JG
Stoffolano
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Anna
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-2090
A
Liscia
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009655:Octopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology*
D007301:Insect Hormones; D009842:Oligopeptides; C065368:DAKH peptide; D009655:Octopamine; D012701:Serotonin; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid