Molecular basis of growth, proliferation, and differentiation of mammalian follicular granulosa cells.
For normal folliculogenesis and oogenesis to occur many intrinsic and extrinsic factors are needed, i.e. positive feedback of hormone secretion and local ovarian-follicular growth factors distribution. During follicle formation, granulosa cells (GCs) change their morphology and physiological properties. The factors needed for GCs to differentiate within each layer are transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), as well as the activation and modification of biochemical pathways involved in folliculogenesis. Physiological alterations occur when GC genes are characterized by several differences in their gene expression profile. Studies in recent years indicate a variety of processes involved in follicle morphology and biochemical remodeling during growth and development. It was demonstrated that IGFs play a central role in the differentiation of GCs both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the primary role of FSH and LH in the formation of the ovarian follicle, was also described. Our review article characterizes the most important pathways involved in the differentiation of GCs and the effect of various factors on gene expression in GCs during folliculogenesis.
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
W
W
Kranc
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
J
J
Budna
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
R
R
Kahan
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
A
A
Chachuła
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
A
A
Bryja
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
S
S
Ciesiółka
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
S
S
Borys
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
M P
MP
Antosik
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
D
D
Bukowska
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
K P
KP
Brussow
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
M
M
Bruska
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
M
M
Nowicki
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
M
M
Zabel
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.|Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
B
B
Kempisty
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D011498:Protein Precursors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C050866:progonadoliberin I; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone