Toll-like receptor and related cytokine mRNA expression in bovine corpora lutea during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy.
Improving our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the corpus luteum (CL) and its role in regulating the reproductive cycle should lead to improvements in the sustainability of today's global animal industry. The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ composed of a heterogeneous mixture steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, and it is becoming clear that immune mechanisms play a key role in CL regulation especially in luteolysis. Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate innate immune mechanisms via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially within various tissues, although the role of TLR within CL remains unknown. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize TLR mRNA expression in the CL during the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy (day 30-50), and to examine the role of TLR signalling in luteal cells. Corpora lutea were collected at various stages of the cycle and pregnancy and analysed for TLR and cytokine mRNA expression. In addition, luteal cells were cultured with the TLR4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) for 24 h to evaluate the role of TLR4 in regulating luteal function. Toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN-G), and interleukin (IL)-12, mRNA expressions were greatest in regressing CL compared with earlier stages (p < .05), whereas no change was observed for IL-6 mRNA expression. Cytokine mRNA expression in cultured luteal cells was not altered by LPS. Based on these data, one or more of the TLRs found within the CL may play a role in luteolysis, perhaps via pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression.
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
J E
JE
Gadsby
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
A M
AM
Tyson Nipper
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
H A
HA
Faircloth
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
M
M
D'Annibale-Tolhurst
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
J
J
Chang
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
P W
PW
Farin
Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
I M
IM
Sheldon
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
D H
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-4419
DH
Poole
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003341:Luteolysis / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors