SNF2 Family Protein Fft3 Suppresses Nucleosome Turnover to Promote Epigenetic Inheritance and Proper Replication.
Heterochromatin can be epigenetically inherited in cis, leading to stable gene silencing. However, the mechanisms underlying heterochromatin inheritance remain unclear. Here, we identify Fft3, a fission yeast homolog of the mammalian SMARCAD1 SNF2 chromatin remodeler, as a factor uniquely required for heterochromatin inheritance, rather than for de novo assembly. Importantly, we find that Fft3 suppresses turnover of histones at heterochromatic loci to facilitate epigenetic transmission of heterochromatin in cycling cells. Moreover, Fft3 also precludes nucleosome turnover at several euchromatic loci to prevent R-loop formation, ensuring proper replication progression. Our analyses show that overexpression of Clr4/Suv39h, which is also required for efficient replication through these loci, suppresses phenotypes associated with the loss of Fft3. This work uncovers a conserved factor critical for epigenetic inheritance of heterochromatin and describes a mechanism in which suppression of nucleosome turnover prevents formation of structural barriers that impede replication at fragile regions in the genome.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nitika
N
Taneja
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Martin
M
Zofall
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Vanivilasini
V
Balachandran
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Gobi
G
Thillainadesan
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tomoyasu
T
Sugiyama
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
David
D
Wheeler
Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Ming
M
Zhou
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: grewals@mail.nih.gov.
Shiv I S
SI
Grewal
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005838:Genotype; D040941:Heredity; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004271:DNA, Fungal; C559589:Fft3 protein, S pombe; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D008780:Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C112744:clr4 protein, S pombe
Fft3; SMARCAD1; epigenetic inheritance; heterochromatin; nucleosome turnover; replication