Lignocellulosic agriculture wastes as biomass feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production: concepts and recent developments.
Production of liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol, has been advocated as a sustainable option to tackle the problems associated with rising crude oil prices, global warming and diminishing petroleum reserves. Second-generation bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic feedstock by its saccharification, followed by microbial fermentation and product recovery. Agricultural residues generated as wastes during or after processing of agricultural crops are one of such renewable and lignocellulose-rich biomass resources available in huge amounts for bioethanol production. These agricultural residues are converted to bioethanol in several steps which are described here. This review enlightens various steps involved in production of the second-generation bioethanol. Mechanisms and recent advances in pretreatment, cellulases production and second-generation ethanol production processes are described here.
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, 263145, India. me_jk@rediffmail.com.|DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India. me_jk@rediffmail.com.
Jitendra Kumar
JK
Saini
Department of Microbiology, M.S. Garg P.G. College, Laksar, Haridwar, 247663, India.|DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India.
Reetu
R
Saini
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, 263145, India.
Lakshmi
L
Tewari
Agricultural wastes; Bioethanol; Cellulase; Lignocellulose; Residues