Mitral Loop Cerclage Annuloplasty for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: First Human Results.
This is an early feasibility clinical test of mitral loop cerclage annuloplasty to treat secondary mitral valve regurgitation.



Secondary mitral regurgitation is characterized by cardiomyopathy, mitral annular enlargement, and leaflet traction contributing to malcoaptation. Transcatheter mitral loop cerclage applies circumferential compression to the mitral annulus by creating a loop through the coronary sinus across the interventricular septum, protecting entrapped coronary arteries from compression, and interactive annular reduction under echocardiographic guidance. This is the first human test of mitral loop annuloplasty.



Five subjects with severe symptomatic secondary mitral regurgitation underwent mitral loop cerclage, with echocardiographic and computed tomography follow-up over 6 months.



Mitral loop cerclage was successful in 4 of 5 subjects and aborted in 1 of the 5 because of unsuitable septal coronary vein anatomy. Immediately and over 6 months, measures of both mitral valve regurgitation (effective orifice area and regurgitation fraction) and chamber dimensions (left atrial and left ventricular volumes) were reduced progressively and ejection fractions increased. Two with persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm during follow-up. One subject experienced a small myocardial infarction from an unrecognized small branch coronary occlusion. Another, experiencing cardiogenic shock at baseline, died of intractable heart failure after 6 weeks.



In this first human test, mitral loop cerclage annuloplasty was successful in 4 of 5 attempts, caused reverse remodeling (reduction in secondary mitral regurgitation and heart chamber volumes), and suggested electrical remodeling (reversion of atrial fibrillation). Further evaluation is warranted.
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Yong-Hyun
YH
Park
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Min-Ku
MK
Chon
Cardiovascular and pulmonary branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Robert J
RJ
Lederman
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Si-Chan
SC
Sung
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Hyung-Gon
HG
Je
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Ki-Seok
KS
Choo
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Sang-Hyun
SH
Lee
Division of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
Eun-Seok
ES
Shin
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Jeong-Su
JS
Kim
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Ki-Won
KW
Hwang
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Soo-Yong
SY
Lee
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Kook-Jin
KJ
Chun
Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
Cheol-Min
CM
Kim
Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan & Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea. Electronic address: junehongk@gmail.com.
June-Hong
JH
Kim
D000368:Aged; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D058386:Mitral Valve Annuloplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
functional mitral regurgitation; mitral loop cerclage