Systematic evaluation of immune regulation and modulation.
Cancer immunotherapies are showing promising clinical results in a variety of malignancies. Monitoring the immune as well as the tumor response following these therapies has led to significant advancements in the field. Moreover, the identification and assessment of both predictive and prognostic biomarkers has become a key component to advancing these therapies. Thus, it is critical to develop systematic approaches to monitor the immune response and to interpret the data obtained from these assays. In order to address these issues and make recommendations to the field, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer reconvened the Immune Biomarkers Task Force. As a part of this Task Force, Working Group 3 (WG3) consisting of multidisciplinary experts from industry, academia, and government focused on the systematic assessment of immune regulation and modulation. In this review, the tumor microenvironment, microbiome, bone marrow, and adoptively transferred T cells will be used as examples to discuss the type and timing of sample collection. In addition, potential types of measurements, assays, and analyses will be discussed for each sample. Specifically, these recommendations will focus on the unique collection and assay requirements for the analysis of various samples as well as the high-throughput assays to evaluate potential biomarkers.
Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
David F
DF
Stroncek
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Lisa H
LH
Butterfield
Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
Michael A
MA
Cannarile
Department of Hematology & Immunobiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, Box 208021, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
Madhav V
MV
Dhodapkar
GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Tim F
TF
Greten
Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar.
Jean Charles
JC
Grivel
Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 1000, UG 3CD28, North Wales, PA 19454 USA.
David R
DR
Kaufman
Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, MSC 1908, Bethesda, MD 20892-1908 USA.
Heidi H
HH
Kong
GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Firouzeh
F
Korangy
Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
Peter P
PP
Lee
Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar.
Francesco
F
Marincola
The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK.
Sergio
S
Rutella
CytoAnalytics, 3500 South Albion Street, Cherry Hills Village, CO 80113 USA.
Janet C
JC
Siebert
Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37/Room 4146, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Giorgio
G
Trinchieri
Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, Halle, Germany.
Barbara
B
Seliger
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000235:genetics; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007155:Immunologic Factors
High-throughput; Immune biomarkers; Immune regulation; Systematic monitoring