DNA Sequencing Sensors: An Overview.
The first sequencing of a complete genome was published forty years ago by the double Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Frederick Sanger. That corresponded to the small sized genome of a bacteriophage, but since then there have been many complex organisms whose DNA have been sequenced. This was possible thanks to continuous advances in the fields of biochemistry and molecular genetics, but also in other areas such as nanotechnology and computing. Nowadays, sequencing sensors based on genetic material have little to do with those used by Sanger. The emergence of mass sequencing sensors, or new generation sequencing (NGS) meant a quantitative leap both in the volume of genetic material that was able to be sequenced in each trial, as well as in the time per run and its cost. One can envisage that incoming technologies, already known as fourth generation sequencing, will continue to cheapen the trials by increasing DNA reading lengths in each run. All of this would be impossible without sensors and detection systems becoming smaller and more precise. This article provides a comprehensive overview on sensors for DNA sequencing developed within the last 40 years.
Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain. jcardena@ual.es.
Jose Antonio
JA
Garrido-Cardenas
Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain. fgmaroto@ual.es.
Federico
F
Garcia-Maroto
Department of Informatics, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain. jaberme@ual.es.
Jose Antonio
JA
Alvarez-Bermejo
Department of Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain. fmanzano@ual.es.
Francisco
F
Manzano-Agugliaro
D001483:Base Sequence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
DNA sequencing; fluorescence; nanopore; next generation sequencing (NGS); pyrosequencing; semiconductor