Sex-dependent effects of neonatal maternal deprivation on endocannabinoid levels in the adipose tissue: influence of diet.
Maternal deprivation (MD) during neonatal life has diverse long-term effects, including modification of metabolism. We have previously reported that MD modifies the metabolic response to high-fat diet (HFD) intake, with this response being different between males and females, while previous studies indicate that in mice with HFD-induced obesity, endocannabinoid (EC) levels are markedly altered in various brown and white adipose tissue depots. Here, we analyzed the effects of MD (24 h at postnatal day 9), alone or in combination with a HFD from weaning until the end of the experiment in Wistar rats of both sexes. Brown and white perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were collected and the levels of anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were determined. In males, MD increased the content of OEA in brown and 2-AG in subcutaneous adipose tissues, while in females the content of 2-AG was increased in perirenal fat. Moreover, in females, MD decreased AEA and OEA levels in perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues, respectively. HFD decreased the content of 2-AG in brown fat of both sexes and OEA in brown and subcutaneous adipose tissue of control females. In contrast, in subcutaneous fat, HFD increased AEA levels in MD males and OEA levels in control and MD males. The present results show for the first time that MD and HFD induce sex-dependent effects on the main ECs, AEA, and 2-AG, and of AEA-related mediators, OEA and PEA, in the rat brown and white (visceral and subcutaneous) adipose tissues.
Departamento de Fisiologia (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Virginia
V
Mela
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
Fabiana
F
Piscitelli
Departamento de Fisiologia (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Alvaro Llorente
AL
Berzal
Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.|CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Julie
J
Chowen
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
Cristoforo
C
Silvestri
Departamento de Fisiologia (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. pazviver@bio.ucm.es.|Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain. pazviver@bio.ucm.es.
Maria Paz
MP
Viveros
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy. vdimarzo@icb.cnr.it.
Vincenzo
V
Di Marzo
D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D063388:Endocannabinoids
Acylethanolamides; Adipose tissues; Endocannabinoids; High-fat diet; Maternal deprivation