Virtual Reality Applications for Stress Management Training in the Military.
BACKGROUND
Stress Management Training programs are increasingly being adopted in the military field for resilience empowerment and primary stress prevention. In the last several years, advanced technologies (virtual reality in particular) have been integrated in order to develop more innovative and effective stress training programs for military personnel, including soldiers, pilots, and other aircrew professionals. This systematic review describes experimental studies that have been conducted in recent years to test the effectiveness of virtual reality-based Stress Management Training programs developed for military personnel. This promising state-of-the-art technology has the potential to be a successful new approach in empowering soldiers and increasing their resilience to stress.


METHODS
To provide an overview from 2001 to 2016 of the application of virtual reality for Stress Management Training programs developed for the military, a computer-based search for relevant publications was performed in several databases. Databases used in the search were PsycINFO, Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), PubMed, and Medline. The search string was: ("Virtual Reality") AND ("Military") AND ["Stress Training" OR ("Stress Management")].


RESULTS
There were 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.


CONCLUSIONS
The main observation to be drawn from this review is that virtual reality can provide interactive Stress Management Training to decrease levels of perceived stress and negative affect in military personnel. This technology appears to be a promising tool for assessing individuals' resilience to stress and for identifying the impact that stress can have on physiological reactivity and performance.Pallavicini F, Argenton L, Toniazzi N, Aceti L, Mantovani F. Virtual realtiy applications for stress management training in the military. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(12):1021-1030.
Centre for Studies in Communication Sciences CESCOM, Department of Human Sciences for Education " Riccardo Massa " , University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Federica
F
Pallavicini
Luca
L
Argenton
Nicola
N
Toniazzi
Luciana
L
Aceti
Fabrizia
F
Mantovani
D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D063367:Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy / Q000379:methods*