Cryoprotective roles of trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides during frozen storage of peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Cryoprotective saccharides are widely accepted additives that reduce thawing loss, maintain texture, and retard protein denaturation in the frozen seafood. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides on cryoprotection of frozen shrimp, primarily focusing on the interactions between myosin and saccharide molecules using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. The results indicated that soaking in the trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides solutions markedly reduced thawing and cooking losses in frozen shrimp, with respective values decreasing to 6.02%, 8.14%, and 5.99%, 8.19% after 9weeks of storage, which were significantly lower than that of fresh water treatment (9.75% and 15.09%). Our assumption was that water replacement played a leading role in cryoprotection, as shown in previous experimental results and reports. Furthermore, homology modeling and MD simulations confirmed that trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides substituted the water molecules around the myosin surface by forming hydrogen bonds with polar residues of amino acids, thereby stabilizing the structures in the absence of water during frozen storage. These conditions affected the flexibility of particular amino acid residues, enhanced the residue cross correlations within the two chains of myosin, and also increased the total interaction energy between myosin and water/saccharide molecules, thereby leading to an increase in protein stability. Finally, by comparing the experimental results to that of MD simulation, significant positive correlation existed between saccharides and the stabilization of myosin in shrimp muscle. The findings of the present study may help better understand the cryoprotective mechanisms of saccharides in frozen shrimp, and the two saccharides may be potentially used as alternative additives in seafood to maintain better quality during frozen storage.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, China. Electronic address: zhangbin_ouc@163.com.
Bin
B
Zhang
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, China.
Hai-Xiao
HX
Wu
Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, China.
Hui-Cheng
HC
Yang
Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, China.
Xing-Wei
XW
Xiang
Zhejiang International Maritime College, China.
Hai-Bo
HB
Li
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, China.
Shang-Gui
SG
Deng
D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D061353:Food Storage; D005615:Freezing; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000737:chemistry*
D000464:Alginates; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D014199:Trehalose
Alginate oligosaccharide; Alginate sodium (PubChem CID: 5102882); Molecular dynamics; Myosin; Sodium pyrophosphate (PubChem CID: 24403); Stabilization; Trehalose; Trehalose (PubChem CID: 7427); Water