Analysis of the effect of temperature and reaction time on yields, compositions and oil quality in catalytic and non-catalytic lignin solvolysis in a formic acid/water media using experimental design.
The catalytic solvolysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) lignin in a formic acid/water media was explored at different temperatures and reaction times (283-397°C and 21-700min, respectively). Non-catalyzed experiments were compared with the effect of three different type of bifunctional catalysts (Pd/Al2O3, Rh/Al2O3and Ru/Al2O3) and a solid Lewis acid (γ-Al2O3). We demonstrated that surface response methodology (RSM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were an adequate tool to: (i) evaluate the effect of the catalysts, temperature and reaction time in the oil yield, oil quality (H/C and O/C ratios, and Mw) and composition of the oil, (ii) establish the differences and/or similarities between the three bifunctional catalyst and (iii) to determine the role of the noble metal and the alumina support in the reaction system. In addition, the most active catalysts, Ru/Al2O3, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined (i.e. 340°C and 6h).
Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: mikel.oregui@kj.uib.no.
Mikel
M
Oregui Bengoechea
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), C/Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia.
Nemanja
N
Miletíc
Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
Mari H
MH
Vogt
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), C/Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
Pedro L
PL
Arias
Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
Tanja
T
Barth
D002384:Catalysis; D005561:Formates; D008031:Lignin; D011930:Reaction Time; D012107:Research Design; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
D005561:Formates; D014867:Water; D008031:Lignin
Alumina; Formic acid; Lignin; Noble metal catalysts; Principal component analysis; Response surface modelling