Left ventricular hypertrophy or storage disease? the incremental value of speckle tracking strain bull's-eye.
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) develops in response to a variety of physical, genetic, and biochemical stimuli and represents the early stage of ventricular remodeling. In patients with LVH, subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction despite normal ejection fraction (EF) may be present before the onset of symptoms, which portends a dismal prognosis. Strain measurement with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) represents a highly reproducible and accurate alternative to LVEF determination. The present review focuses on current available evidence that supports the incremental value of STE in the diagnostic and prognostic workup of LVH. When assessing the components of LV contraction, STE has an incremental value in differentiating between primary and secondary LVH and in the differential diagnosis with storage diseases. In addition, STE provides unique information for the stratification of patients with LVH, enabling to detect intrinsic myocardial dysfunction before LVEF reduction.
Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Antonello
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9145
A
D'Andrea
Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Juri
J
Radmilovic
University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Piercarlo
P
Ballo
University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Donato
D
Mele
San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Eustachio
E
Agricola
University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Matteo
M
Cameli
University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Andrea
A
Rossi
"Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Roberta
R
Esposito
University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Giuseppina
G
Novo
University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Sergio
S
Mondillo
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Roberta
R
Montisci
G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
Sabina
S
Gallina
University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Eduardo
E
Bossone
"Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Maurizio
M
Galderisi
D059267:Cardiomegaly, Exercise-Induced; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume
amyloidosis; anabolic steroids; aortic stenosis; arterial hypertension; athlete's heart; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; left ventricular hypertrophy; speckle tracking echocardiography; two-dimensional strain