Amino acids intake and physical fitness among adolescents.
The aim was to investigate whether there was an association between amino acid (AA) intake and physical fitness and if so, to assess whether this association was independent of carbohydrates intake. European adolescents (n = 1481, 12.5-17.5 years) were measured. Intake was assessed via two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Lower and upper limbs muscular fitness was assessed by standing long jump and handgrip strength tests, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test. Physical activity was objectively measured. Socioeconomic status was obtained via questionnaires. Lower limbs muscular fitness seems to be positively associated with tryptophan, histidine and methionine intake in boys, regardless of centre, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and total energy intake (model 1). However, these associations disappeared once carbohydrates intake was controlled for (model 2). In girls, only proline intake seems to be positively associated with lower limbs muscular fitness (model 2) while cardiorespiratory fitness seems to be positively associated with leucine (model 1) and proline intake (models 1 and 2). None of the observed significant associations remained significant once multiple testing was controlled for. In conclusion, we failed to detect any associations between any of the evaluated AAs and physical fitness after taking into account the effect of multiple testing.
CHERC (Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre), College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, Devon, UK. l.a.gracia-marco@exeter.ac.uk.|GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain. l.a.gracia-marco@exeter.ac.uk.
Luis
0000-0002-4020-0256
L
Gracia-Marco
GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.|School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Silvia
S
Bel-Serrat
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.
Magdalena
M
Cuenca-Garcia
ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Marcela
M
Gonzalez-Gross
ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Raquel
R
Pedrero-Chamizo
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Yannis
Y
Manios
Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Ascensión
A
Marcos
Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Denes
D
Molnar
Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Pediatrics, Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Kurt
K
Widhalm
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy.
Angela
A
Polito
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR995, 59000, Lille, France.|Centre d'investigation clinique, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403, 59000, Lille, France.
Jeremy
J
Vanhelst
Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Maria
M
Hagströmer
Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Michael
M
Sjöström
Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
Anthony
A
Kafatos
Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Stefaan
S
de Henauw
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Ángel
Á
Gutierrez
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Manuel J
MJ
Castillo
GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.|CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.
Luis A
LA
Moreno
D000293:Adolescent; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D000596:Amino Acids
Carbohydrates; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Diet; Muscular fitness; Youth