Mortality risk in a nationwide cohort of individuals with tic disorders and with tourette syndrome.
Few studies have investigated mortality risk in individuals with tic disorders.



We thus measured the risk of premature death in individuals with tic disorders and with Tourette syndrome in a prospective cohort study with 80 million person-years of follow-up. We estimated mortality rate ratios and adjusted for calendar year, age, sex, urbanicity, maternal and paternal age, and psychiatric disorders to compare individuals with and without tic disorders.



The risk of premature death was higher among individuals with tic disorders (mortality rate ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.49-2.66) and with Tourette syndrome (mortality rate ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.11-2.28) compared with controls. After the exclusion of individuals with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance abuse, tic disorder remained associated with increased mortality risk (mortality rate ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.57-3.23), as did also Tourette Syndrome (mortality rate ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.11-2.75).



These results are of clinical significance for clinicians and advocacy organizations. Several factors may contribute to this increased risk of premature death, and more research mapping out these factors is needed. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
National Centre for Register-Based Research, NCRR, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.|The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark.|Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre - Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen Region, Denmark.
Sandra M
SM
Meier
National Centre for Register-Based Research, NCRR, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.|The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark.
Søren
S
Dalsgaard
National Centre for Register-Based Research, NCRR, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.|The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark.|CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.
Preben B
PB
Mortensen
Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
James F
JF
Leckman
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark.|Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre - Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen Region, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kerstin J
KJ
Plessen
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D055815:Young Adult
mortality; tic disorders; tourette syndrome