Effect of application of dairy manure, effluent and inorganic fertilizer on nitrogen leaching in clayey fluvo-aquic soil: A lysimeter study.
Dairy farm manure and effluent are applied to cropland in China to provide a source of plant nutrients, but there are concerns over its effect on nitrogen (N) leaching loss and groundwater quality. To investigate the effects of land application of dairy manure and effluent on potential N leaching loss, two lysimeter trials were set up in clayey fluvo-aquic soil in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system on the North China Plain. The solid dairy manure trial included control without N fertilization (CK), inorganic N fertilizer (SNPK), and fresh (RAW) and composted (COM) dairy manure. The liquid dairy effluent trial consisted of control without N fertilization (CF), inorganic N fertilizer (ENPK), and fresh (FDE) and stored (SDE) dairy effluent. The N application rate was 225kgNha-1for inorganic N fertilizer, dairy manure, and effluent treatments in both seasons. Annual N leaching loss (ANLL) was highest in SNPK (53.02 and 16.21kgNha-1in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, respectively), which were 1.65- and 2.04-fold that of COM, and 1.59- and 1.26-fold that of RAW. In the effluent trial (2014/2015), ANLL for ENPK and SDE (16.22 and 16.86kgNha-1, respectively) were significantly higher than CF and FDE (6.3 and 13.21kgNha-1, respectively). NO3-contributed the most (34-92%) to total N leaching loss among all treatments, followed by dissolved organic N (14-57%). COM showed the lowest N leaching loss due to a reduction in NO3-loss. Yield-scaled N leaching in COM (0.35kgNMg-1silage) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in the other fertilization treatments. Therefore, the use of composted dairy manure should be increased and that of inorganic fertilizer decreased to reduce N leaching loss while ensuring high crop yield in the North China Plain.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Jianling
J
Fan
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Jiao
J
Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Deyan
D
Liu
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Guiping
G
Ye
AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
Jiafa
J
Luo
AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
David
D
Houlbrooke
AgResearch Limited, Lincoln Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand.
Seth
S
Laurenson
Fonterra (Beijing) Farm Management Co. Ltd., Beijing 100005, China.
Jing
J
Yan
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Lvjun
L
Chen
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Jinping
J
Tian
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: wxding@issas.ac.cn.
Weixin
W
Ding
D000383:Agriculture; D002681:China; D003612:Dairying; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D003313:Zea mays
D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D009584:Nitrogen
Composted manure; Dairy farm effluent; Dairy farm manure; Intact soil columns; Nitrogen leaching loss; Wheat-maize rotation