Interactive effects of multiple climate change factors on ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in a temperate steppe.
Global climate change could have profound effects on belowground microbial communities and subsequently affect soil biogeochemical processes. The interactive effects of multiple co-occurring climate change factors on microbially mediated processes are not well understood. A four-factorial field experiment with elevated CO2, watering, nitrogen (N) addition and night warming was conducted in a temperate steppe of northern China. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism, combined with clone library techniques, were applied to examine the effects of those climate change factors on N-related microbial abundance and community composition. Only the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria significantly increased by nitrogen addition and decreased by watering. The interactions of watering × warming on the bacterial amoA community and warming × nitrogen addition on the nosZ community were found. Redundancy analysis indicated that the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal community was affected by total N and total carbon, while the community of bacterial amoA and nosZ were significantly affected by soil pH. According to a structural equation modeling analysis, climate change influenced net primary production indirectly by altering microbial abundance and activities. These results indicated that microbial responses to the combination of chronic global change tend to be smaller than expected from single-factor global change manipulations.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.|College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Cui-Jing
CJ
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.|College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ju-Pei
JP
Shen
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.|College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Yi-Fei
YF
Sun
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Jun-Tao
JT
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.|College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Li-Mei
LM
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
Zhong-Ling
ZL
Yang
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
Hong-Yan
HY
Han
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
Shi-Qiang
SQ
Wan
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.|College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.|Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Ji-Zheng
JZ
He
D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D002244:Carbon; D002681:China; D002980:Climate; D057231:Climate Change; D058440:Denitrification; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014867:Water
D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen
ammonia oxidation; denitrification; interactive effects; microbial activity; multiple factor global change; net primary production