Fibromyalgia and bipolar disorder: extent of comorbidity and therapeutic implications.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that affects muscles and soft tissues. Presenting symptoms include chronic muscle pain, fatigue, sleep problems and psychological symptoms, including depression and anxiety. There exists strong evidence of a comorbidity between FM and Bipolar Disorder (BD). In this study, papers from 2006 to February 2016 that examined the comorbidity and etiological similarities of FM and BD were reviewed, as well as the therapeutic implications of these findings. The reviewed articles showed that an adequate psychiatric screening for BD is recommended in FM patients with depressive symptoms, in order to decrease administration of antidepressants for BD, due to the lack of proven efficacy, and to limit antidepressant-induced mania. Alternative therapies, such as agomelatine, memantine and psychotherapic treatment should be considered.
Salve Regina University, Newport, USA.
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MC
Di Tommaso Morrison
Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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F
Carinci
Angiology Unit, Medicine and Geriatric Department, Villa Serena Hospital, Italy.
G
G
Lessiani
Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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E
Spinas
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
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SK
Kritas
UOS Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Policlinico Gemelli, Roma, Italy.
G
G
Ronconi
Department of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Al
Al
Caraffa
Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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P
Conti
D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008559:Memantine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009281:Naphthalenes
D000081:Acetamides; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008559:Memantine; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; C084711:agomelatine; D009281:Naphthalenes