Drug Efficacy Monitoring in Pharmacotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis With Biological Agents.
Multiple sclerosis is a heterogenous disease. Although several EMA-approved disease-modifying treatments including biopharmaceuticals are available, their efficacy is limited, and a certain percentage of patients are always nonresponsive. Drug efficacy monitoring is an important tool to identify these nonresponsive patients early on. Currently, detection of antidrug antibodies and quantification of biological activity are used as methods of efficacy monitoring for interferon beta and natalizumab therapies. For natalizumab and alemtuzumab treatments, drug level quantification could be an essential component of the overall disease management. Thus, utilization and development of strategies to determine treatment response are vital aspects of multiple sclerosis management given the tremendous clinical and economic promise of this tool.
*Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO) and Neurology Department-Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (CReSM), San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy; †CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France; and ‡Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Marzia
M
Caldano
William
W
Raoul
Theo
T
Rispens
Antonio
A
Bertolotto
D000074323:Alemtuzumab / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001685:Biological Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D016899:Interferon-beta