Reduced phosphoCREB in Müller glia during retinal degeneration inrd10mice.
The mechanisms that trigger retinal degeneration are not well understood, despite the availability of several animal models with different mutations. In the present report, therd10mouse, a model for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) that contains a mutation in the gene for PDE6β (Pde6b), is used to evaluate gliosis, as a marker for retinal stress, and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, which may be important early in retinal degeneration.



Wild-type C57Bl6J andrd10mice raised under cyclic light were examined for changes in gliosis and CREB phosphorylation for approximately 3 weeks beginning at P14 to P17 using immunocytochemistry. Mice raised under normal cyclic light and in complete darkness were also compared for changes in CREB phosphorylation.



Gliosis inrd10mice raised under cyclic light was apparent at P17, before extensive degeneration of the photoreceptor layer is visible, and increased over time. Phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 (pCREB) was detected in Müller glia (MG) in the wild-type andrd10mice. However, at all phases of photoreceptor degeneration, the pCREB levels were lower in therd10mice. We also observed extensive migration of MG cell bodies to the outer nuclear layer (ONL) during degeneration. In contrast to the mice raised under cyclic light, therd10mice raised in the dark exhibited slower rates of degeneration. When the dark-reared mice were exposed to cyclic light, the photoreceptor layer degenerated within 4 days to approximately one to two rows of nuclei. Interestingly, the pCREB levels in the MG also decreased during this 4-day cyclic light exposure compared to the levels in therd10mice raised continuously in the dark.



The results of these studies suggest that photoreceptors communicate directly or indirectly with MG at early stages, inducing gliosis before extensive retinal degeneration is apparent inrd10mice. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of CREB is downregulated in the MG. These results raise the interesting possibility that Müller glia undergo CREB-mediated transcriptional changes that influence photoreceptor degeneration either positively or negatively. Unlike canine models of RP, no increase in pCREB was observed in photoreceptor cells during this period suggesting possible mechanistic differences in the role of CREB in photoreceptors between these species.
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
Enheng
E
Dong
The Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
Amelia
A
Bachleda
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
Yubin
Y
Xiong
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
Shoji
S
Osawa
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC; The Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC; The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
Ellen R
ER
Weiss
D000818:Animals; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D063928:Ependymoglial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein