Pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution of gamithromycin after intravenous administration in foals.
The long-acting azalide antibiotic gamithromycin is marketed for intramuscular treatment of bovine and swine infections. Off-label use in foals leads to severe local lesions likely caused by hyperosmolality of the injected solution. We provide evidence from a pharmacokinetic study in 10 warm-blooded healthy foals for intravenous bolus injection of gamithromycin diluted in distilled water to be a safe and well tolerated alternative. By intravenous dosing, markedly higher plasma exposure and better penetration into bronchoalveolar lavage cells but lower distribution into epithelial lining fluid are achieved as after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. Intravenously injected gamithromycin was tolerated without any adverse drug reactions. The protocols for treatment of equine pulmonary infections caused by Rhodococcus equi should be revised accordingly.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
S
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-3998
S
Berlin
Lewitz Stud, Neustadt-Glewe, Germany.
T
T
Randow
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
E
E
Scheuch
Department of General Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
M
M
Grube
Veterinary Clinic for Horses, Destedt, Germany.
M
M
Venner
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
W
W
Siegmund
D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016929:Rhodococcus equi
D018942:Macrolides; C552399:gamithromycin
Rhodococcus equi; foals; gamithromycin; intravenous (i.v.); pharmacokinetics