An Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, Daphnia, and Zebrafish.
The objective of this study was to investigate the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with four different glyoxal concentrations (0%, 1.4%, 2.3%, and 6.3%) in response to global chemical regulations, e.g., European Union Classification, Labeling and Packaging (EU CLP). Toxicity tests of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether on 11 different microbial strains,Microcystis aeruginosa,Daphnia magna, and zebrafish embryos were designed as an initial stage of toxicity screening and performed in accordance with standardized toxicity test guidelines. Glyoxal-containing cellulose ether showed no significant toxic effects in the toxicity tests of the 11 freeze-dried microbial strains,Daphnia magna, and zebrafish embryos. Alternatively, 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether led to a more than 60% reduction inMicrocystis aeruginosagrowth after 7 days of exposure. Approximately 10% of the developmental abnormalities (e.g., bent spine) in zebrafish embryos were also observed in the group exposed to 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether after 6 days of exposure. These results show that 6.3% less glyoxal-containing cellulose ether has no acute toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, 6.3% less glyoxal-containing cellulose ether may affect the health of aquatic organisms with long-term exposure. In order to better evaluate the eco-safety of cellulosic products containing glyoxal, further studies regarding the toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with long-term exposure are required. The results from this study allow us to evaluate the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulosic products, under EU chemical regulations, on the health of aquatic organisms.
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. cb.park@kist-europe.de.
Chang-Beom
CB
Park
Lotte Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., Ulsan 44714, Korea. mj0410@lottechem.com.
Min Ju
MJ
Song
Lotte Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., Ulsan 44714, Korea. choi@lottechem.com.
Nak Woon
NW
Choi
Lotte Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., Ulsan 44714, Korea. sh0430.kim@lottechem.com.
Sunghoon
S
Kim
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. hpjeon@kist-europe.de.
Hyun Pyo
HP
Jeon
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. shkim@kist-europe.de.
Sanghun
S
Kim
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. youngjunkim@kist-europe.de.
Youngjun
Y
Kim
D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004987:Ethers; D006037:Glyoxal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism
D004987:Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006037:Glyoxal; D002482:Cellulose
EU chemical regulation; aquatic-toxic effects; glyoxal-containing cellulose ether