The hemi-Mustard, bidirectional Glenn and Rastelli procedures for anatomical repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries/left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with positional heart anomalies†.
OBJECTIVE
The hemi-Mustard and bidirectional Glenn (BDG) procedures combined with the Rastelli procedure have been applied to selected cases of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) for potential benefit over the classic atrial switch procedure. The aim of this study was to analyse our experience with the hemi-Mustard, BDG and Rastelli procedures as an anatomical correction for patients with ccTGA/left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) with positional heart anomalies.


METHODS
In this retrospective study, 31 consecutive patients with corrected transposition underwent the hemi-Mustard/BDG procedures with the Rastelli operation between 2011 and 2015. The median age was 5.4 (range: 0.75-12) years. Positional anomalies were present in all patients. Eleven patients underwent BDG initially; they then had the second-stage hemi-Mustard and Rastelli procedures; 'one-stage repair' (hemi-Mustard/BDG and the Rastelli procedures) was performed in 20 cases.


RESULTS
There were no in-hospital deaths, and 3 patients received a pacemaker. One patient had an atrial baffle obstruction that was observed in the early postoperative period; 7 patients had prolonged pleural effusions that developed more frequently in the one-stage repair group (7/20 vs 0/11, P =  0.033). During the mean follow-up of 3.3 years, 1 late death was noted, and no conduit replacements were required. Twenty-five (83.3%) patients are in New York Heart Association classes I and II at the latest follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Hemi-Mustard, BDG and the Rastelli procedures are technically feasible for correction of ccTGA/left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and cardiac malposition. Nevertheless, postoperative pleural effusion is the most prevalent complication in the one-stage repair. Two-stage repair may reduce the risk of pleural effusion-related complications.
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Sen
S
Zhang
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Kai
K
Ma
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Shoujun
S
Li
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zhongdong
Z
Hua
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Hao
H
Zhang
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jun
J
Yan
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Keming
K
Yang
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Kunjing
K
Pang
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xu
X
Wang
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Lei
L
Qi
National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Qiuming
Q
Chen
D000069278:Arterial Switch Operation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000080041:Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*
Congenitally corrected transposition; Hemi-Mustard procedure; Positional heart anomalies; Staged repair