Chemical Characterization of Potentially Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Brewed Coffee and Spent Coffee Grounds.
Oligosaccharides are indigestible carbohydrates widely present in mammalian milk and in some plants. Milk oligosaccharides are associated with positive health outcomes; however, oligosaccharides in coffee have not been extensively studied. We investigated the oligosaccharides and their monomeric composition in dark roasted coffee beans, brewed coffee, and spent coffee grounds. Oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization ranging from 3 to 15, and their constituent monosaccharides, were characterized and quantified. The oligosaccharides identified were mainly hexoses (potentially galacto-oligosaccharides and manno-oligosaccharides) containing a heterogeneous mixture of glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. The diversity of oligosaccharides composition found in these coffee samples suggests that they could have selective prebiotic activity toward specific bacterial strains able to deconstruct the glycosidic bonds and utilize them as a carbon source.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States.
Tian
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-3225
T
Tian
Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.
Samara
S
Freeman
Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. , Waterbury, Vermont 05676, United States.
Mark
M
Corey
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States.|Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.
J Bruce
JB
German
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States.|Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.
Daniela
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-1596
D
Barile
D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003296:Cooking; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000032:analysis*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
D003069:Coffee; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D014866:Waste Products
coffee; coffee industrial residues; mass spectrometry; oligosaccharides; prebiotics