Association of aldosterone excess and apnea-hypopnea index in patients with resistant hypertension.
The present study was to investigate the association of aldosterone excess and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with resistant hypertension. Patients with resistant hypertension were enrolled and baseline characteristics including plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and 24 h-urine aldosterone levels were collected and compared between groups with different degrees of AHI as assessed by polysomnography. Association of key variables and AHI was then evaluated by univariate and multiple linear regression analysis. A total of 534 patients with resistant hypertension were enrolled and mean age was 57 ± 11 years. Overall, mean number of AHI was 21.7 ± 9.6 and nearly 92.3% of resistant hypertensive patients had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Mean PAC and 24 h-urine aldosterone level was 12.4 ± 6.3 ng/dL and 13.1 ± 6.8 ug, respectively. Compared with other groups, participants in the severe OSA group (AHI ≥ 30) had significantly higher PAC and 24 h-urine aldosterone level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PAC and 24 h-urine aldosterone levels were positively associated with AHI, while spironolactone was negatively associated with AHI, independent of age, gender, body mass index, smoking, plasma renin activity and diuretics. OSA is highly prevalent in patients with resistant hypertension and both PAC and 24 h-urine aldosterone level are significantly associated with AHI.
Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Xiao
X
Ke
Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Wenyu
W
Guo
Department of Cardiology, the Fifth subsidiary Sun Yat-sen University Hospital, Zhuhai, China.
Hu
H
Peng
Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Chengheng
C
Hu
The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiu Jiang city, Jiu Jiang, China.
Henghong
H
Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Changnong
C
Peng
Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Xiaoqing
X
Wang
D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000652:urine*; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*
D000450:Aldosterone