Expression of canine distemper virus receptor nectin-4 in the central nervous system of dogs.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) exhibits lymphotropic, epitheliotropic, and neurotropic nature, and causes a severe systemic infection in susceptible animals. Initially, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) expressed on immune cells has been identified as a crucial cellular receptor for CDV. Currently, nectin-4 expressed in epithelia has been shown to be another receptor for CDV. Our previous study demonstrated that neurons express nectin-4 and are infected with CDV. In this study, we investigated the distribution pattern of nectin-4 in various cell types in the canine central nervous system and showed its relation to CDV infection to further clarify the pathology of disease. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses were done using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of CDV-infected dogs. Dual staining of nectin-4 and CDV antigen or nectin-4 and brain cell markers was performed. Nectin-4 was detected in ependymal cells, epithelia of choroid plexus, meningeal cells, neurons, granular cells, and Purkinje's cells. CDV antigens were detected in these nectin-4-positive cells, further suggesting contribution of nectin-4 for the CDV neurovirulence. On the other hand, astrocytes did not express nectin-4, although they were frequently infected with CDV. Since astrocytes are negative for SLAM expression, they must express an unidentified CDV receptor, which also contributes to CDV neurovirulence.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.|Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Watanyoo
W
Pratakpiriya
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
Angeline Ping
AP
Ping Teh
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Araya
A
Radtanakatikanon
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Nopadon
N
Pirarat
Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Nguyen
N
Thi Lan
Department of Virology3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
Makoto
M
Takeda
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. somporn62@hotmail.com.|STAR Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. somporn62@hotmail.com.
Somporn
S
Techangamsuwan
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan. a0d402u@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
Ryoji
R
Yamaguchi
D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004216:Distemper / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D000075983:Nectins / Q000032:analysis*; D009474:Neurons / Q000821:virology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000032:analysis*
D000075983:Nectins; D011991:Receptors, Virus