Telomeres and NextGen CO-FISH: Directional Genomic Hybridization (Telo-dGH™).
The cytogenomics-based methodology of Directional Genomic Hybridization (dGH™) emerged from the concept of strand-specific hybridization, first made possible by Chromosome Orientation FISH (CO-FISH), the utility of which was demonstrated in a variety of early applications, often involving telomeres. Similar to standard whole chromosome painting (FISH), dGH™ is capable of identifying inter-chromosomal rearrangements (translocations between chromosomes), but its distinctive strength stems from its ability to detect intra-chromosomal rearrangements (inversions within chromosomes), and to do so at higher resolution than previously possible. dGH™ brings together the strand specificity and directionality of CO-FISH with sophisticated bioinformatics-based oligonucleotide probe design to unique sequences. dGH™ serves not only as a powerful discovery tool-capable of interrogating the entire genome at the megabase level-it can also be used for high-resolution targeted detection of known inversions, a valuable attribute in both research and clinical settings. Detection of chromosomal inversions, particularly small ones, poses a formidable challenge for more traditional cytogenetic approaches, especially when they occur near the ends or telomeric regions. Here, we describe Telo-dGH™, a strand-specific scheme that utilizes dGH™ in combination with telomere CO-FISH to differentiate between terminal exchange events, specifically terminal inversions, and an altogether different form of genetic recombination that often occurs near the telomere, namely sister chromatid exchange (SCE).
Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 437 MRB Bldg., 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.|KromaTiD Inc., 320 East Vine Drive, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA.
Miles J
MJ
McKenna
KromaTiD Inc., 320 East Vine Drive, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA.
Erin
E
Robinson
KromaTiD Inc., 320 East Vine Drive, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA.
Edwin H
EH
Goodwin
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Michael N
MN
Cornforth
Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 437 MRB Bldg., 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. Susan.Bailey@ColoState.edu.
Susan M
SM
Bailey
D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000235:genetics*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000235:genetics; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
CO-FISH; Cytogenomics; Sister chromatid exchange; Telo-dGH™; Telomeres; Terminal rearrangements