Understanding the contribution of disulfide bridges to the folding and misfolding of an anti-Aβ scFv.
ScFv-h3D6 is a single chain variable fragment that precludes Aβ peptide-induced cytotoxicity by withdrawing Aβ oligomers from the amyloid pathway to the worm-like pathway. Production of scFv molecules is not a straightforward procedure because of the occurrence of disulfide scrambled conformations generated in the refolding process. Here, we separately removed the disulfide bond of each domain and solved the scrambling problem; and then, we intended to compensate the loss of thermodynamic stability by adding three C-terminal elongation mutations, previously described to stabilize the native fold of scFv-h3D6. Such stabilization occurred through stabilization of the intermediate state in the folding pathway and destabilization of a different, β-rich, intermediate state driving to worm-like fibrils. Elimination of the disulfide bridge of the less stable domain, VL, deeply compromised the yield and increased the aggregation tendency, but elimination of the disulfide bridge of the more stable domain, VH, solved the scrambling problem and doubled the production yield. Notably, it also changed the aggregation pathway from the protective worm-like morphology to an amyloid one. This was so because a partially unfolded intermediate driving to amyloid aggregation was present, instead of the β-rich intermediate driving to worm-like fibrils. When combining with the elongation mutants, stabilization of the partially unfolded intermediate driving to amyloid fibrils was the only effect observed. Therefore, the same mutations drove to completely different scenarios depending on the presence of disulfide bridges and this illustrates the relevance of such linkages in the stability of different intermediate states for folding and misfolding.
Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
Laia
L
Montoliu-Gaya
Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Jose C
JC
Martínez
Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
Sandra
0000-0001-8644-4304
S
Villegas
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D000072417:Protein Domains; D017510:Protein Folding; D057127:Single-Chain Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D004220:Disulfides; D057127:Single-Chain Antibodies
aggregation; amyloid fibrils; disulfide bonds; folding; intermediate state; misfolding; worm-like fibrils