Laboratory and Field Age of Aqueous Grape Juice Bait and Capture of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
Volatile chemicals produced by actively fermenting aqueous grape juice bait have been found to be highly attractive to the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This is a highly dynamic system and time period of fermentation is an important factor in bait efficacy. A series of field tests were conducted that evaluated effects of laboratory versus field fermentation and sampling period (days after placement [DAP]) on bait effectiveness as the first step in identifying the chemicals responsible for attraction. Tests of traps with bait that had been aged in the laboratory for 0, 3, 6, and 9 d and then sampled 3 DAP found higher capture in traps with 0- and 3-d-old baits than in traps with 6- or 9-d-old baits. To further define the time period that produced the most attractive baits, a subsequent test evaluated baits aged for 0, 2, 4, and 6 d in the laboratory and sampled after 1-4 DAP, with traps sampled and bait discarded at the end of each DAP period. The highest capture was in traps with 4-d-old bait sampled 1 DAP, with the second best capture in traps with 0-d-old bait sampled 3 DAP. However, there tended to be fewer flies as DAP increased, indicating potential loss of identifiable flies owing to decomposition in the actively fermenting solutions. When traps were sampled and bait recycled daily, the highest capture was in 2- and 4-d-old baits sampled 1 DAP and in 0-d-old baits sampled 2-4 DAP. Similar patterns were observed for capture of nontarget drosophilids.
USDA/ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 ( Nancy.Epsky@ars.usda.gov ; Micah.Gill@ars.usda.gov ).|Corresponding author, e-mail: Nancy.Epsky@ars.usda.gov.
Nancy D
ND
Epsky
USDA/ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 (Nancy.Epsky@ars.usda.gov; Micah.Gill@ars.usda.gov).
Micah A
MA
Gill
D000818:Animals; D031622:Artocarpus / Q000254:growth & development; D002633:Chemotaxis; D018428:Drosophilidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D031022:Mangifera / Q000254:growth & development; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
African fig fly; attractant; bait age; fruit fly; trapping