Non-toxic fluorescent phosphonium probes to detect mitochondrial potential.
We evaluated our phosphonium-based fluorescent probes for selective staining of mitochondria. Currently used probes for monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential show varying degrees of interference with cell metabolism, photo-induced damage and probe binding. Here presented probes are characterised by highly efficient cellular uptake and specific accumulation in mitochondria. Fluorescent detection of the probes was accomplished using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy imaging of yeast and mammalian cells. Toxicity analysis (impedimetry-xCELLigence for the cellular proliferation and Seahorse technology for respiratory properties) confirms that these dyes exhibit no-toxicity on mitochondrial or cellular functioning even for long time incubation. The excellent chemical and photophysical stability of the dyes makes them promising leads toward improved fluorescent probes. Therefore, the probes described here offer to circumvent the problems associated with existing-probe's limitations.
Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. INSERM U1124 University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
Ana
A
Šarić
Ivo
I
Crnolatac
Frédéric
F
Bouillaud
Sandra
S
Sobočanec
Ana-Matea
AM
Mikecin
Željka
Ž
Mačak Šafranko
Todor
T
Delgeorgiev
Ivo
I
Piantanida
Tihomir
T
Balog
Patrice X
PX
Petit
D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects*; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds