Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update.
Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR. The European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) consortium previously reviewed biomarkers for potential use in IR epidemiological studies. Given the increased mechanistic understanding of responses to low dose radiation the current review provides an update covering technical advances and recent studies. A key issue identified is deciding which biomarkers to progress. A roadmap is provided for biomarker development from discovery to implementation and used to summarise the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies. Most potential biomarkers remain at the discovery stage and for some there is sufficient evidence that further development is not warranted. One biomarker identified in the final stages of development and as a priority for further research is radiation specific mRNA transcript profiles.
Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69424, France. Electronic address: janet.hall@inserm.fr.
Janet
J
Hall
Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom.
Penny A
PA
Jeggo
Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom.
Catharine
C
West
Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Maria
M
Gomolka
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
Roel
R
Quintens
Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom.
Christophe
C
Badie
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Olivier
O
Laurent
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
An
A
Aerts
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Nataša
N
Anastasov
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Omid
O
Azimzadeh
Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Clinical Department, Ozyorsk, Russia.
Tamara
T
Azizova
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Sarah
S
Baatout
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Bjorn
B
Baselet
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
Mohammed A
MA
Benotmane
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Eric
E
Blanchardon
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Yann
Y
Guéguen
Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Siamak
S
Haghdoost
Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Mats
M
Harms-Ringhdahl
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Julia
J
Hess
Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Michaela
M
Kreuzer
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Dominique
D
Laurier
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Ellina
E
Macaeva
Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom.
Grainne
G
Manning
INSERM U897, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
Eileen
E
Pernot
Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Jean-Luc
JL
Ravanat
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, BP6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Laure
L
Sabatier
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Karine
K
Tack
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Soile
S
Tapio
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Horst
H
Zitzelsberger
Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Radiation Programme, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (MTD formerly), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: elisabeth.cardis@isglobal.org.
Elisabeth
E
Cardis
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing
D015415:Biomarkers
Biomarkers; Effects; Exposure; Individual sensitivity; Ionizing radiation; Molecular epidemiology