Radiation dose among different cardiac and vascular invasive procedures: The RODEO study.
BACKGROUND
Interventional radiology and cardiology procedures contribute significantly to the collective dose of radiation exposure from medical interventions. Recent and dedicated studies comparing directly these procedures in term of patient radiation exposure are lacking. Our aim was to compare radiation exposure among different interventional procedures performed under fluoroscopic guidance.


METHODS
The RODEO study (NCT: 02972736) is an international observational retrospective multicenter study enrolling all patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional procedures performed by different interventional operators (i.e. radiologists, interventional cardiologists or electrophysiologists) in 6 centers, without exclusion criteria. The primary end-point of the study was the comparison of dose area product (DAP) among interventional cardiology, electrophysiology or interventional radiology procedures.


RESULTS
A total of 17,711 procedures were included in the study: 13,522 interventional cardiology, 2352 electrophysiology and 1864 interventional radiology procedures. The highest DAP values were observed for interventional radiology procedures (74Gy∗cm2[Interquartile range 27-178Gy∗cm2]), followed by interventional cardiology (40Gy∗cm2[22-78Gy∗cm2]) and electrophysiology procedures (13Gy∗cm2[4-44Gy∗cm2], p<0.0001). In term of specific procedures, the highest DAP values were observed in structural or valvular cardiac procedures (134Gy∗cm2[51-260Gy∗cm2]) whereas the lowest DAP values in pacemaker insertion (11Gy∗cm2[4-28Gy∗cm2]).


CONCLUSIONS
In this large multicenter study, the highest radiation exposure was observed in procedures performed by interventional radiologists. However, among specific procedures, structural or valvular cardiac procedures were associated with the highest radiation exposure.
Interventional Cardiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, ASL RM2, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: alessandro.sciahbasi@fastwebnet.it.
Alessandro
A
Sciahbasi
Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Ferrante
Interventional Cardiology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy.
Dionigi
D
Fischetti
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA.
Daniel Jonathan
DJ
Miklin
HSE Management, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Sarandrea
Department of Cardiology, Ospedale Grassi, Ostia, Rome, Italy.
Valentina
V
Schirripa
Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
Fabrizio
F
Guarracini
Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany.
Arash
A
Arya
Interventional Radiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, ASL RM2, Rome, Italy.
Giorgio
G
Loreni
Interventional Radiology, San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Antonio
A
Bruni
Interventional Cardiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, ASL RM2, Rome, Italy.
Stefano
S
Rigattieri
Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
Massimiliano
M
Marini
Interventional Radiology, San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Simone
S
Vagnarelli
Interventional Radiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, ASL RM2, Rome, Italy.
Germano
G
Scevola
Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
Bernhard
B
Reimers
Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany.
Gerhard
G
Hindricks
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA.
Mauricio
M
Cohen
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000592:standards; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000592:standards; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000072177:Radiologists / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies
Cardiology; Electrophysiology; PCI; Radiation; Radiology