Design and Usability of a Heart Failure mHealth System: A Pilot Study.
BACKGROUND
Despite the advances in mobile health (mHealth) systems, little is known about patients' and providers' experiences using a new mHealth system design.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to understand challenges and provide design considerations for a personalized mHealth system that could effectively support heart failure (HF) patients after they transition into the home environment.


METHODS
Following exploratory interviews with nurses and preventive care physicians, an mHealth system was developed. Patients were asked to measure their weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose (if they had diabetes). They were also instructed to enter symptoms, view notifications, and read messages on a mobile app that we developed. A Bluetooth-enabled weight scale, blood pressure monitor, glucometer, and mobile phone was provided after an introductory orientation and training session. HF nurses used a dashboard to view daily measurements for each patient and received text and email alerts when risk was indicated. Observations of usage, cases of deterioration, readmissions, and metrics related to system usability and quality of life outcomes were used to determine overall effectiveness of the system, whereas focus group sessions with patients were conducted to elicit participants' feedback on the system's design.


RESULTS
A total of 8 patients with HF participated over a 6-month period. Overall, the mean users' satisfaction with the system ranked 73%, which was above average. Quality of life improvement was 3.6. Patients and nurses used the system on a regular basis and were able to successfully identify and manage 8 health deteriorations, of which 5 were completely managed remotely. Focus groups revealed that, on one hand, the system was beneficial and helped patients with: recording and tracking readings; receiving encouragement and reassurance from nurses; spotting and solving problems; learning from past experiences; and communication. On the other hand, findings also highlighted design issues and recommendations for future systems such as the need to communicate via other media, personalize symptom questions and messages, integrate other health tracking technologies, and provide additional methods to analyze and visualize their data.


CONCLUSIONS
Understanding users' experiences provides important design considerations that could complement existing design recommendations from the literature, and, when combined with physician and nurse requirements, have the potential to yield a feasible telehealth system that is effective in supporting HF self-care. Future studies will include these guidelines and use a larger sample size to validate the outcomes.
IDEA Laboratory, Center for Information Systems and Technology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States.
Nagla
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-9384
N
Alnosayan
IDEA Laboratory, Center for Information Systems and Technology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States.
Samir
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-6604
S
Chatterjee
IDEA Laboratory, Center for Information Systems and Technology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States.
Ala
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-9705
A
Alluhaidan
City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
Edward
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-2935
E
Lee
Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
Linda
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-9908
L
Houston Feenstra
heart failure; human factors engineering; mHealth; self-management; telehealth