Replication Restart in Bacteria.
In bacteria, replication forks assembled at a replication origin travel to the terminus, often a few megabases away. They may encounter obstacles that trigger replisome disassembly, rendering replication restart from abandoned forks crucial for cell viability. During the past 25 years, the genes that encode replication restart proteins have been identified and genetically characterized. In parallel, the enzymes were purified and analyzedin vitro, where they can catalyze replication initiation in a sequence-independent manner from fork-like DNA structures. This work also revealed a close link between replication and homologous recombination, as replication restart from recombination intermediates is an essential step of DNA double-strand break repair in bacteria and, conversely, arrested replication forks can be acted upon by recombination proteins and converted into various recombination substrates. In this review, we summarize this intense period of research that led to the characterization of the ubiquitous replication restart protein PriA and its partners, to the definition of several replication restart pathwaysin vivo, and to the description of tight links between replication and homologous recombination, responsible for the importance of replication restart in the maintenance of genome stability.
Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France michel@i2bc.paris-saclay.fr sandler@microbio.umass.edu.
Bénédicte
B
Michel
Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA michel@i2bc.paris-saclay.fr sandler@microbio.umass.edu.
Steven J
SJ
Sandler
D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation
D004269:DNA, Bacterial
DNA replication; homologous recombination