Spatial quantification of the world population potentially exposed to Zika virus.
Zika virus is an emerging Flaviviridae virus, which has spread rapidly in the last few years. It has raised concern because it has been associated with fetus microcephaly when pregnant women are infected. The main vector is the mosquito Aedes aegypti , distributed in tropical areas.



Niche modelling techniques were used to estimate the potential distribution area of A. aegypti. This was overlapped with human population density, determining areas of potential transmission risk worldwide. Afterwards, we quantified the population at risk according to risk level.



The vector transmission risk is distributed mainly in Asia and Oceania on the shores of the Indian Ocean. In America, the risk concentrates in the Atlantic coast of South America and in the Caribbean Sea shores in Central and North America. In Africa, the major risk is concentrated in the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Central and South Africa. The world population under high and very high risk levels includes 2.261 billion people.



These results illustrate Zika virus risk at the global level and provide maps to target the prevention and control measures especially in areas with higher risk, in countries with less sanitation and poorer resources. Many countries without previous vector reports could become active transmission zones in the future, so vector surveillance should be implemented or reinforced in these areas.
Laboratorio de Ecología de Ambientes Fragmentados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.|Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas, Departamento de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Alberto J
AJ
Alaniz
Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Antonella
A
Bacigalupo
Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Pedro E
PE
Cattan
D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D000073276:Models, Spatial Interaction; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors / Q000821:virology; D011156:Population Density; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000071244:Zika Virus; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission
Aedes aegypti; ZIKV; exposure level; vector niche modelling; vectorial transmission; viral contagion risk