[Moyamoya disease associated with kidney angiodysplasia in a child].
BACKGROUND
Moyamoya disease is a progressive, chronic occlusive vascular disease of the circle of Willis arteries leading to the development of collateral circulation to compensate the occlusion.


METHODS
An 11-year-old girl presented an abrupt loss of consciousness and a right-sided motor deficit. Clinical examination found hypertension with 220/120mmHg arterial blood pressure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a large left hemispheric ischemic lesion. Cerebral arteriography demonstrated an abnormal anastomotic vascular network with fine arteriolar ends in several territories, with a "wisp of smoke" aspect arguing in favor of moyamoya disease. Renal arteriography revealed dysplasia of the upper polar branches of the right kidney.


CONCLUSIONS
Moyamoya disease is a rare cause of stroke in children. Its association with renal angiodysplasia is unusual and may be responsible for malignant hypertension. Cognitive impairment and social dependence have recently been recognized as an important unresolved social issue. Affected children require medical-surgical, social, and psychological care.
Service de pédiatrie IV, hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, université Mohamed V, CHU Ibn Sina, boulevard Ibn Rochd, 10100 Rabat, Maroc. Electronic address: asmaadibi@gmail.com.
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Dibi
Service de pédiatrie IV, hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, université Mohamed V, CHU Ibn Sina, boulevard Ibn Rochd, 10100 Rabat, Maroc.
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Maana
Service de pédiatrie IV, hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, université Mohamed V, CHU Ibn Sina, boulevard Ibn Rochd, 10100 Rabat, Maroc.
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Jabourik
Service de pédiatrie IV, hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, université Mohamed V, CHU Ibn Sina, boulevard Ibn Rochd, 10100 Rabat, Maroc.
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Bentahila
D016888:Angiodysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000792:Angiography; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006974:Hypertension, Malignant / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*