Phenamil, an amiloride derivative, restricts long bone growth and alters keeled-sternum bone architecture in growing chickens.
"Broiler-type" chickens are fast-grow-ing, heavy-bodied birds with high demands on bone quality. Phenamil increased mineralization in cultured murine mesenchymal stem cells. Phenamil effects were tested in 2 groups of weight and gender matched day-old broiler chickens (n = 13). Oral administration of 30 mg phenamil/kg body weight d 1 to 13 reduced growth of chicks d 5 to 14 (P = 0.002); with phenamil-treated (PT) chick body weight being 84% of vehicle-treated (VT) chicks' body weight on d 14. Tissues collected on d 15 showed that femur lengths and widths did not differ, but tibias from PT chicks were 6% shorter (P = 0.002) and 13% narrower (P = 0.012) with 18% thinner tibial cross-sections (P < 0.008) than in VT chicks. Angles of the caudal aspect of the anterior surface of keeled-sternums were 166° in PT chicks, flatter than the 148° found in VT chicks (P = 0.000). Total mineral content of both tibia and femur were lower in PT chicks (P = 0.005 for both). Bone Ca, P, and Mg (ppm) in ash were similar, but Ca:P was lower (1.70 vs 1.75) in PT versus VT chicks (P < 0.05). Osteocalcin was ∼20% lower (P = 0.020), PINP was ∼45% higher (P = 0.000) in PT chicks. Carboxy-terminal telopeptide type I collagen (ICTP) and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX1) were similar in the 2 groups. Phenamil had unexpected and detrimental effects on bone formation in growing broiler chicks, reducing linear skeletal growth and markedly changing bone architecture.
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Tara R
TR
Price
Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Kristin
K
Moncada
Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Hector
H
Leyva-Jimenez
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea 16419.
Kye Won
KW
Park
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Peter
P
Tontonoz
Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.|Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Rosemary L
RL
Walzem
D000584:Amiloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013249:Sternum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
D030161:Avian Proteins; C047088:phenylamil; D000584:Amiloride
Biochemical Marker of Bone Turnover; Bone Histomorphometry; Bone Mineralization; Broiler