Anti-Obesity Effect of Bombus ignitus Queen Glycosaminoglycans in Rats on a High-Fat Diet.
The mechanism of functional insect glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on obesity caused a high fat diet has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, insect glycosaminoglycans derived fromIsaria sinclairii,Bombus ignitus(a type of bumblebee) queen, andGryllus bimaculatuswere purified and investigated as a potential functional food. 14-week old male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. There were five groups that received daily intraperitoneal administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control), GbG (GAG fromGryllus bimaculatus) 10 mg/kg, ISG (GAG fromIsaria sinclairii) 10 mg/kg, IQG (GAG fromBombus ignites) 10 mg/kg, or Pravastatin (2 mg/kg). All treatments were performed for one month. IQG produced a potential anti-inflammatory effect with the inhibition of c-reactive protein and sero-biochemical parameters of phospholipids and free fatty acids indicative of an anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Abdominal and epididymidal fat weight were reduced in conjunction with a mild increase in body weight. The level of laminin in HMVEC-C cells or fibronectin in HFD rat hepatocytes was significantly affected by these GAG treatments, which regulated adipogenesis and adipocyte function. Compared to the control rats, IQG-treated rats displayed up-regulation of 87 genes (test:control ratio >2.0) including fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, with the down-regulation of 47 genes including the uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferase 2 families, polypeptidase B, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. The data suggest that IQG could potentially prevent or treat fatty liver or hyperlipidemia.
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea. amy@korea.kr.
Mi Young
MY
Ahn
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea. kimbj0826@naver.com.
Ban Ji
BJ
Kim
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea. musical2058@daum.net.
Ha Jeong
HJ
Kim
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea. Yoonhj@korea.kr.
Hyung Joo
HJ
Yoon
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea. sdji11@korea.kr.
Sang Duck
SD
Jee
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea. jshwang@korea.kr.
Jae Sam
JS
Hwang
Pharmacogenechips Inc., Chuncheon 200-160, Korea. pkk0526@naver.com.
Kun-Koo
KK
Park
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001516:Bees / Q000737:chemistry*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005353:Fibronectins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide
anti-obesity effect; glycosaminoglycan from bumblebee (queen of Bumbus ignitus); high fat dieted rat