Changes in pro-inflammatory markers and leucine concentrations in response to Nordic Walking training combined with vitamin D supplementation in elderly women.
Mechanisms underpinning age-related decreases in muscle strength and muscle mass relate to chronic inflammation. Physical activity induces an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is modulated by additional factors. We hypothesized that vitamin D, which has also anti-inflammatory activity will modify adaptation to exercise and reduce inflammation in elderly women. Twenty-seven women aged 67 ± 8 years were included and divided into groups with baseline vitamin D concentration more than 20 ng mL-1(MVD) and less than 20 ng mL-1(LVD). Both groups performed 1 h Nordic Walking (NW) training combined with vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of inflammation markers, branched amino acids, vitamin D, muscle strength and balance were assessed at the baseline and three days after intervention. The training caused the significant decrease in concentration of pro-inflammatory proteins HMGB1 (30 ± 156%; 90% CI) and IL-6 (-10 ± 66%; 90% CI) in MVD group. This effects in group MVD were moderate, indicating vitamin D as one of the modifiers of these exercise-induced changes. Rise of myokine irisin induced by exercise correlated inversely with HMGB1 and the correlation was more pronounced at the baseline as well as after training among MVD participants. Although the intervention caused the leucine level to rise, a comparison of the recorded response between groups and the adjusted effect indicated that the effect was 20% lower in the LVD group. Overall the applied training program was effective in reducing HMGB1 concentration. This drop was accompanied by the rise of myokine irisin and better uptake of leucine among women with higher baseline vitamin D.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Gmiat
Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Mieszkowski
Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Prusik
Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Prusik
Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Kortas
Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Kochanowicz
Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Radulska
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Lipiński
Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Tomczyk
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Jaworska
Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Antosiewicz
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland. ziemann.ewann@gmail.com.
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Ziemann
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood; D000073656:Healthy Aging / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D011044:Poland; D004856:Postural Balance; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking
D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D007930:Leucine
Aging; Branched chain amino acids; High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)