Microsoft Kinect-based Continuous Performance Test: An Objective Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment.
One of the major challenges in mental medical care is finding out new instruments for an accurate and objective evaluation of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early ADHD identification, severity assessment, and prompt treatment are essential to avoid the negative effects associated with this mental condition.



The aim of our study was to develop a novel ADHD assessment instrument based on Microsoft Kinect, which identifies ADHD cardinal symptoms in order to provide a more accurate evaluation.



A group of 30 children, aged 8-12 years (10.3 [SD 1.4]; male 70% [21/30]), who were referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit of the Department of Psychiatry at Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital (Madrid, Spain), were included in this study. Children were required to meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria of ADHD diagnosis. One of the parents or guardians of the children filled the Spanish version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) rating scale used in clinical practice. Each child conducted a Kinect-based continuous performance test (CPT) in which the reaction time (RT), the commission errors, and the time required to complete the reaction (CT) were calculated. The correlations of the 3 predictors, obtained using Kinect methodology, with respect to the scores of the SWAN scale were calculated.



The RT achieved a correlation of -.11, -.29, and -.37 with respect to the inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity factors of the SWAN scale. The correlations of the commission error with respect to these 3 factors were -.03, .01, and .24, respectively.



Our findings show a relation between the Microsoft Kinect-based version of the CPT and ADHD symptomatology assessed through parental report. Results point out the importance of future research on the development of objective measures for the diagnosis of ADHD among children and adolescents.
Universidad Carlos III, Department of Statistics, Madrid, Spain.
David
0000-0002-2976-2602
D
Delgado-Gomez
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.
Inmaculada
0000-0003-4093-1312
I
Peñuelas-Calvo
Goal Systems Co, Madrid, Spain.
Antonio Eduardo
0000-0001-9448-2925
AE
Masó-Besga
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.
Silvia
0000-0002-4841-0223
S
Vallejo-Oñate
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.
Itziar
0000-0003-3015-3000
I
Baltasar Tello
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.
Elsa
0000-0002-8916-7418
E
Arrua Duarte
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.
María Constanza
0000-0003-1394-9904
MC
Vera Varela
Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.
Juan
0000-0001-8446-8820
J
Carballo
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Child and Adolescents Service, Madrid, Spain.|Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.|IIS-Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Department of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain.|Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital General de Villalba, Villalba, Madrid, Spain.|CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
Enrique
0000-0002-6963-6555
E
Baca-García
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D018910:Video Games
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; continuous performance test; hyperactivity; impulsivity; kinect