Engagement strategies that foster community self-determination in participatory research: Insider ownership through outsider championship.
In order to maximize the benefits of community-based participatory research, effective ownership over the research process must be at least equally in the hands of the community. A previous social network analysis documented that the participatory research process shifted ownership from academic to community partners, but did not show what actions and strategies fostered this shift.



This study follows the trajectory of a community-academic partnership and asks, from the perspective of the project stakeholders, which actions and strategies over the lifespan of the research led to the observed shift in ownership and decision-making from the original external academics to the community stakeholders?



Qualitative description using inductive thematic analysis. One academic and five community stakeholders identified as central in a previous social network analysis, participated in retrospective, semi-structured interviews.



Actions deemed to have fostered the observed shift in ownership included: existence of a strong champion; stimulating 'outside' ideas; emergence of core people; alignment of project goals with stakeholders' professional roles; involving the right people; personal qualities of the champion; trust-building; and active use of participatory engagement strategies.



Although communities must take ownership over the research process to assure sustained action and change, a strong, trusted and accepted outside champion who actively enacts participatory engagement strategies can facilitate the participatory process and provide community stakeholders the time and support they need to achieve meaningful and sustained leadership roles. These findings have implications for how partnership research is designed and implemented, both in community and in clinical organisational settings.
Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.|Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP), Kahnawake, Canada.
Jon
J
Salsberg
Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP), Kahnawake, Canada.|Alberta Centre for Active Living, Faculty of Physical Education & Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Soultana
S
Macridis
Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP), Kahnawake, Canada.
Enrique
E
Garcia Bengoechea
Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.|Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP), Kahnawake, Canada.
Ann C
AC
Macaulay
Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
Spencer
S
Moore
D044467:American Indian or Alaska Native; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D036301:Qualitative Research
Aboriginal health/native populations; culture and disease/cross-cultural issues; health promotion; prevention; public health; underserved populations