Genotype-Phenotype Correlation ofSCN5AMutation for the Clinical and Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Probands With Brugada Syndrome: A Japanese Multicenter Registry.
BACKGROUND
The genotype-phenotype correlation ofSCN5Amutations as a predictor of cardiac events in Brugada syndrome remains controversial. We aimed to establish a registry limited to probands, with a long follow-up period, so that the genotype-phenotype correlation ofSCN5Amutations in Brugada syndrome can be examined without patient selection bias.


METHODS
This multicenter registry enrolled 415 probands (n=403; men, 97%; age, 46±14 years) diagnosed with Brugada syndrome whoseSCN5Agene was analyzed for mutations.


RESULTS
During a mean follow-up period of 72 months, the overall cardiac event rate was 2.5%/y. In comparison with probands without mutations (SCN5A(-), n=355), probands withSCN5Amutations (SCN5A(+), n=60) experienced their first cardiac event at a younger age (34 versus 42 years,P=0.013), had a higher positive rate of late potentials (89% versus 73%,P=0.016), exhibited longer P-wave, PQ, and QRS durations, and had a higher rate of cardiac events (P=0.017 by log-rank). Multivariate analysis indicated that onlySCN5Amutation and history of aborted cardiac arrest were significant predictors of cardiac events (SCN5A(+) versusSCN5A(-): hazard ratio, 2.0 andP=0.045; history of aborted cardiac arrest versus no such history: hazard ratio, 6.5 andP<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Brugada syndrome patients withSCN5Amutations exhibit more conduction abnormalities on ECG and have higher risk for cardiac events.
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Kenichiro
K
Yamagata
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Minoru
M
Horie
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Takeshi
T
Aiba
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Satoshi
S
Ogawa
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Yoshifusa
Y
Aizawa
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Tohru
T
Ohe
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Masakazu
M
Yamagishi
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Naomasa
N
Makita
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Harumizu
H
Sakurada
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Toshihiro
T
Tanaka
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Akihiko
A
Shimizu
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Nobuhisa
N
Hagiwara
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Ryoji
R
Kishi
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Yukiko
Y
Nakano
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Masahiko
M
Takagi
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Takeru
T
Makiyama
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Seiko
S
Ohno
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Keiichi
K
Fukuda
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Hiroshi
H
Watanabe
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Hiroshi
H
Morita
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Kenshi
K
Hayashi
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Kengo
K
Kusano
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Shiro
S
Kamakura
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Satoshi
S
Yasuda
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Hisao
H
Ogawa
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Yoshihiro
Y
Miyamoto
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Jamie D
JD
Kapplinger
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.).
Michael J
MJ
Ackerman
From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (K.Y., T.A., K.K., S.K. S.Y., H.O., W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan (M.H., S. Ohno); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S. Ogawa, K.F.); Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan (Y.A., H.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (T.O., H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan (M.Y., K.H.); Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan (N.M.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Japan (H.S.); Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.T.); Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.S.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cardiology, St Marianna University of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan (R.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan (M.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.M.); Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.K., M.J.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.). wshimizu@nms.ac.jp.
Wataru
W
Shimizu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053840:Brugada Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012042:Registries; D055815:Young Adult
D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C568320:SCN5A protein, human
Brugada syndrome; NAV1.5 voltage-gated sodium channel; computer similation; death, sudden; genetic association studies; risk assessment