Cortical microstructure compensates for smaller bone size in young Caribbean Hispanic versus non-Hispanic white men.
Hispanic men have smaller bone size but thicker and denser cortices compared to white men, leading to similar mechanical competence.



The purpose of this study was to assess differences in vBMD and microarchitecture in young Caribbean Hispanic (n = 30) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (n = 30) men.



We measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the spine, total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), and forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone geometry, mass, microarchitecture, and mechanical competence by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT), individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), and finite element analysis (FEA).



Hispanic men were slightly older, shorter, and heavier and had higher BMI compared with white men. aBMD, measured by DXA, did not differ at the spine, TH, or forearm before or after adjustment for age, height, weight, and the interaction of height and weight. At the FN, marginally significant higher BMD in Hispanics prior to adjustment was attenuated and no longer differed after adjustment for covariates. Adjusted HRpQCT indices indicated smaller total and trabecular area at the radius but greater total volumetric density and cortical thickness in Hispanic versus white men. The adjusted difference in cortical density at the radius was of borderline significance. Trabecular and ITS microstructure tended not to differ at the radius. At the tibia, results were similar. Bone size tended to be smaller and covariate-adjusted cortical density and cortical thickness were greater in Hispanic versus white men. Additionally, cortical porosity was lower at the tibia in Hispanic compared to white men. Stiffness and failure load did not differ at either skeletal site by ethnicity.



In conclusion, greater cortical thickness and density as well as lower cortical porosity tend to compensate for smaller bone size in Hispanic men, leading to similar mechanical competence compared with white men.
Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA. mad2037@columbia.edu.
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Walker
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Kepley
Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Nishiyama
Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Zhou
Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Guo
Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Nickolas
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000502:physiology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011884:Radius / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
Caucasian; HRpQCT; Hispanic; ITS; Microarchitecture; Race; Strength