Effects of acetone cyanohydrin, a derivative of cassava, on motor activity and kidney and liver function in Wistar rats.
BACKGROUND
Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is a toxic substance present in cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) which results from enzymatic hydrolysis of linamarin. Long-term consumption is associated with 2 neurological disorders: konzo and tropical ataxic neuropathy. Previous studies have evaluated behavioural alterations linked to ACH consumption, but the toxic effects of this substance on physiological processes remain unknown.


METHODS
32 male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 experimental groups (n=8 per group): a vehicle group (0.3mL saline solution, IP) and 3 ACH groups (PubChem CID: 6406) dosed at 10, 15, and 20mM/24h for 28 days. We evaluated spontaneous motor activity with the open field test and motor coordination with the rotarod and forced swimming tests at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment. At the end of the assessment period (day 28), blood samples were collected by transcardiac puncture to evaluate kidney and liver function.


RESULTS
ACH caused alterations in locomotor activity and promoted both lateral swimming and spinning in the forced swimming test at 21 and 28 days of treatment. Furthermore, it led to an increase in the levels of the parameters of kidney and liver function in a concentration-dependent manner, except for glucose and total bilirubin.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that long-term consumption of this toxic compound present in cassava roots may be potentially dangerous for vulnerable subjects.
Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Electronic address: edrivadeneyra@uv.mx.
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Rivadeneyra-Domínguez
Programa de Maestría en Neuroetología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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J Rosas-Jarquín
Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Vázquez-Luna
Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Díaz-Sobac
Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Rodríguez-Landa
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D002365:Manihot / Q000633:toxicity; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
D009570:Nitriles; C010833:acetone cyanohydrin; C005091:linamarin
Acetona cianohidrina; Acetone cyanohydrin; Alteración motora; Cassava; Hepatotoxic; Hepatotóxico; Motor impairment; Nefrotóxico; Nephrotoxic; Neurotoxic; Neurotóxico; Yuca