Tracing biomarker of PAH-exposure and susceptibility factor (GSTM-polymorphism) among cancer patients in Pakistan.
We studied cancer patients for possible PAH exposure, using urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as a biomarker of internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The subjects included in this study belonged to various socio-demographic backgrounds, and were diagnosed with cancer (i.e. lung, head and neck or digestive tract cancer). In general, we observed high concentration of urinary 1-OHP among digestive tract cancer patients, compared with the controls (CN) (mean 1.06, median 1.03 and mean 0.62, median 0.63 μmol/mol-Cr in digestive tract cancer patients and controls respectively). The concentrations of urinary 1-OHP were higher than the background level of PAHs; therefore, these groups could have been exposed to PAHs. Highest urinary 1-OHP concentration was observed in digestive tract cancer patients (median 1.25 μmol/mol-Cr) with GSTM-1 genotype. The results of PCA were consistent with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The contribution of urinary 1-OHP eigenvector revealed a relatively high PAH-exposure among cancer patients compared with CN, while diet and age were influential parameters among cancer patients, which could have a strong link in cancer etiology in the selected exposure groups.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Muhammad Yasir
MY
Abdur Rehman
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Electronic address: dr.atifkamal@yahoo.com.
Atif
A
Kamal
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Malik Mumtaz
MM
Taqi
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: r_n_malik2000@yahoo.co.uk.
Riffat Naseem
RN
Malik
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010154:Pakistan; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene
1-OHP; Biomarker; Cancer; GSTM; PAH-tracer; Pakistan