Assumed non-persistent environmental chemicals in human adipose tissue; matrix stability and correlation with levels measured in urine and serum.
The aim of this study was to (1) optimize a method for the measurement of parabens and phenols in adipose tissue, (2) evaluate the stability of chemical residues in adipose tissue samples, and (3) study correlations of these compounds in urine, serum, and adipose tissue. Samples were obtained from adults undergoing trauma surgery. Nine phenols and seven parabens were determined by isotope diluted TurboFlow-LC-MS/MS. The analytical method showed good accuracy and precision. Limits of detection (LOD) for parabens and phenols ranged from 0.05 to 1.83ng/g tissue. Good recovery rates were found, even when biological samples remained defrosted up to 24h. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3; range of values: <LOD-1.48ng/g tissue) and methylparaben (MeP; <LOD-1.78ng/g tissue) were detected in >70% of adipose tissue samples, while bisphenol-A (BPA; <LOD-3.28ng/g tissue) and 2-phenylphenol (2-PP; <LOD-0.78ng/g tissue) were detected in >40% of adipose tissue samples. In general, levels were similar between adipose tissue and serum, while a correlation between adipose tissue and urine was only found for BP-3. In conclusion, adipose tissue samples in this study were found to contain environmental chemicals considered to be non-persistent, whose levels were weakly or not at all correlated with the urine burden. Therefore, adipose tissue may potentially provide additional information to that obtained from other biological matrices. Further investigations are warranted to explore whether adipose tissue might be a suitable matrix for assessment of the consequences for human health of mid/long-term exposure to these chemicals.
Univ. Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Dept. / ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: fartacho@ugr.es.
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Artacho-Cordón
Univ. Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Dept. / ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Radiation Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Spain.
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JP
Arrebola
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nielsen
Surgical Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Spain.
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Hernández
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International center for research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Skakkebaek
Univ. Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Dept. / ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
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Fernández
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International center for research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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AM
Andersson
Univ. Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Dept. / ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
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Olea
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International center for research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Frederiksen
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010226:Parabens / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols