Vascularized Small-Bone Transfers for Fracture Nonunion and Bony Defects.
Vascularized small-bone grafting is an efficient and often necessary surgical approach for nonunion or necrosis of several bones in particular sites of the body, including scaphoid, lunate, distal ulna, and clavicle. The medial femoral condyle is an excellent graft source that can be used in treating scaphoid, ulna, clavicle, or lower-extremity bone defects, including nonunion. Vascularized bone grafting to the small bones, particularly involving reconstruction of damaged cartilage surfaces, should enhance subchondral vascular supply and help prevent cartilage regeneration. Vascularized osteoperiosteal and corticoperiosteal flaps are useful for treating nonunion of long bones.
Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
Ai Dong
AD
Deng
Plastic Surgery, University of Florence Careggi University Hospital, CTO, Largo Palagi 150139, Florence, Italy.
Marco
M
Innocenti
Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Rohit
R
Arora
Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Markus
M
Gabl
Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: jinbotang@yahoo.com.
Jin Bo
JB
Tang
D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D012667:Lunate Bone / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000293:injuries; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014457:Ulna / Q000293:injuries
Fracture nonunion; Kienbock disease; Lunate; Medial femoral condyle; Osteoperiosteal or corticoperiosteal flaps; Pedicled distal radial grafting; Scaphoid; Vascularized bone grafting