Early-life origin of intestinal inflammatory disorders.
A growing body of evidence supports the concept of perinatal programming through which the perinatal environment affects the development of the fetus and infant, thereby modifying the risk profile for disease later in life. Increasing attention is focusing on the role of the early environment in the development of chronic intestinal disorders. Epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between perinatal factors, such as breastfeeding, cesarean delivery, and antibiotic use, and an increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease and/or celiac disease. These links are consistent with the concept of perinatal programming of intestinal inflammatory disorders. Animal models have shown that the early-life environment affects the development of the gastrointestinal tract, but further experimental studies are needed to confirm the long-term effects of the perinatal environment on susceptibility to chronic intestinal disorders later in life. Changes in the development and composition of the intestinal microbiota as well as epigenetic changes are emerging as key mechanisms through which the perinatal environment determines susceptibility to intestinal inflammatory disorders.
Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC) - UMR 995 Inserm, University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
Delphine
D
Ley
Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC) - UMR 995 Inserm, University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
Jean-Luc
JL
Desseyn
Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mona
M
Mischke
Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
Jan
J
Knol
Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC) - UMR 995 Inserm, University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
Dominique
D
Turck
Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC) - UMR 995 Inserm, University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
Frédéric
F
Gottrand
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
celiac disease; epigenetics; inflammatory bowel disease; intestinal microbiota; perinatal programming