Features of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanics differ from African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites.
OBJECTIVE
To compare features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Hispanics to those of African Americans and Whites.


METHODS
Patients treated for HCC at an urban tertiary medical center from 2005 to 2011 were identified from a tumor registry. Data were collected retrospectively, including demographics, comorbidities, liver disease characteristics, tumor parameters, treatment, and survival (OS) outcomes. OS analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier method.


RESULTS
One hundred and ninety-five patients with HCC were identified: 80.5% were male, and 22% were age 65 or older. Mean age at HCC diagnosis was 59.7 ± 9.8 years. Sixty-one point five percent of patients had Medicare or Medicaid; 4.1% were uninsured. Compared to African American (31.2%) and White (46.2%) patients, Hispanic patients (22.6%) were more likely to have diabetes (P= 0.0019), hyperlipidemia (P= 0.0001), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (P= 0.0021), end stage renal disease (P= 0.0057), and less likely to have hepatitis C virus (P< 0.0001) or a smoking history (P< 0.0001). Compared to African Americans, Hispanics were more likely to meet criteria for metabolic syndrome (P= 0.0491), had higher median MELD scores (P= 0.0159), ascites (P= 0.008), and encephalopathy (P= 0.0087). Hispanic patients with HCC had shorter OS than the other racial groups (P= 0.020), despite similarities in HCC parameters and treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Hispanic patients with HCC have higher incidence of modifiable metabolic risk factors including NASH, and shorter OS than African American and White patients.
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Neeta K
NK
Venepalli
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Mary V
MV
Modayil
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Stephanie A
SA
Berg
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Tad D
TD
Nair
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Mayur
M
Parepally
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Priyanka
P
Rajaram
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Ron C
RC
Gaba
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
James T
JT
Bui
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Yue
Y
Huang
Neeta K Venepalli, Tad D Nair, Mayur Parepally, Priyanka Rajaram, Yue Huang, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Scott J
SJ
Cotler
Epidemiology; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hispanics; Survival; Treatment pattern