Outcomes of gastrointestinal defect closure with an over-the-scope clip system in a multicenter experience: An analysis of a successful suction method.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the clinical outcomes of a multicenter experience and to suggest guidelines for choosing a suction method.


METHODS
This retrospective study at 5 medical centers involved 58 consecutive patients undergoing over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) placement. The overall rates of technical success (TSR), clinical success (CSR), complications, and procedure time were analyzed as major outcomes. Subsequently, 56 patients, excluding two cases that used the Anchor device, were divided into two groups: 14 cases of simple suction (SS-group) and 42 cases using the Twin Grasper (TG-group). Secondary evaluation was performed to clarify the predictors of OTSC success.


RESULTS
The TSR, CSR, complication rate, and median procedure time were 89.7%, 84.5%, 1.8%, and 8 (range 1-36) min, respectively, demonstrating good outcomes. However, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the mean procedure time (5.9 minvs14.1 min). The CSR of the SS- and TG-groups among cases with a maximum defect size ≤ 10 mm and immediate or acute refractory bleeding was 100%, which suggests that SS is a better method than TG in terms of time efficacy. The CSR in the SS-group (78.6%), despite the technical success of the SS method (TSR, 100%), tended to decrease due to delayed leakage compared to that in the TG-group (TSR, CSR; 88.1%), indicating that TG may be desirable for leaks and fistulae with defects of the entire layer.


CONCLUSIONS
OTSC system is a safe and effective therapeutic option for gastrointestinal defects. Individualized selection of the suction method based on particular clinical conditions may contribute to the improvement of OTSC success.
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Hideki
H
Kobara
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Hirohito
H
Mori
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Shintaro
S
Fujihara
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Noriko
N
Nishiyama
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Taiga
T
Chiyo
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Takayoshi
T
Yamada
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Masao
M
Fujiwara
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Keiichi
K
Okano
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Yasuyuki
Y
Suzuki
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Masayuki
M
Murota
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Yoshitaka
Y
Ikeda
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Makoto
M
Oryu
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Mohamed
M
AboEllail
Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki, Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Tsutomu
T
Masaki
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016154:Digestive System Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013396:Suction / Q000379:methods*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Endoscopic closure; Fistula; Gastrointestinal refractory bleeding; Leak; Over-the-scope clip