A review of fuzzy cognitive maps in medicine: Taxonomy, methods, and applications.
OBJECTIVE
A high percentage of medical errors, committed because of physician's lack of experience, huge volume of data to be analyzed, and inaccessibility to medical records of previous patients, can be reduced using computer-aided techniques. Therefore, designing more efficient medical decision-support systems (MDSSs) to assist physicians in decision-making is crucially important. Through combining the properties of fuzzy logic and neural networks, fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are among the latest, most efficient, and strongest artificial intelligence techniques for modeling complex systems. This review study is conducted to identify different FCM structures used in MDSS designs. The best structure for each medical application can be introduced by studying the properties of FCM structures.


METHODS
This paper surveys the most important decision- making methods and applications of FCMs in the medical field in recent years. To investigate the efficiency and capability of different FCM models in designing MDSSs, medical applications are categorized into four key areas: decision-making, diagnosis, prediction, and classification. Also, various diagnosis and decision support problems addressed by FCMs in recent years are reviewed with the goal of introducing different types of FCMs and determining their contribution to the improvements made in the fields of medical diagnosis and treatment.


RESULTS
In this survey, a general trend for future studies in this field is provided by analyzing various FCM structures used for medical purposes, and the results from each category.


CONCLUSIONS
Due to the unique specifications of FCMs in integrating human knowledge and experience with computer-aided techniques, they are among practical instruments for MDSS design. In the not too distant future, they will have a significant role in medical sciences.
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran. Electronic address: amirkhani@ieee.org.
Abdollah
A
Amirkhani
Dept. of Computer Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece, Lamia 35100, Greece. Electronic address: epapageorgiou@teiste.gr.
Elpiniki I
EI
Papageorgiou
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran. Electronic address: amohseni@elec.iust.ac.ir.
Akram
A
Mohseni
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran. Electronic address: m_mosavi@iust.ac.ir.
Mohammad R
MR
Mosavi
D000465:Algorithms; D003071:Cognition; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D019300:Medical Errors; D008581:Meningitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D009774:Obstetrics; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D012984:Software
Classification; Diagnosis; Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs); Medical decision support system (MDSS); Prediction