Increased exposure to sodium during pregnancy and lactation changes basal and induced behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in adult male offspring.
Excessive sodium (Na+) intake in modern society has been associated with several chronic disorders such as hypertension. Several studies suggest that early life events can program physiological systems and lead to functional changes in adulthood. Therefore, we investigated behavioral and neuroendocrine responses under basal conditions and after 48 h of water deprivation in adult (60-day-old Wistar rats) male, Wistar rats originating from dams were offered only water or 0.15 mol/L NaCl during pregnancy and lactation. Early life salt exposure induced kidney damage, as shown by a higher number of ED-1 positive cells (macrophages/monocytes), increased daily urinary volume and Na+excretion, blunted basal water intake and plasma oxytocin levels, and increased plasma corticosterone secretion. When challenged with water deprivation, animals exposed to 0.15 mol/L NaCl during early life showed impaired water intake, reduced salt preference ratio, and vasopressin (AVP) secretion. In summary, our data demonstrate that the perinatal exposure to excessive Na+intake can induce kidney injury in adult offspring and significantly affect the key mechanisms regulating water balance, fluid intake, and AVP release in response to water deprivation. Collectively, these novel results highlight the impact of perinatal programming on the homeostatic mechanisms regulating fluid and electrolyte balance during exposure to an environmental stress (i.e. dehydration) in later life.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcia S
MS
Silva
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fabiana
F
Lúcio-Oliveira
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil.
Andre Souza
AS
Mecawi
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lucas F
LF
Almeida
Departament of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Silvia G
SG
Ruginsk
School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Michael P
MP
Greenwood
School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Mingkwan
M
Greenwood
Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.|Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Laura
L
Vivas
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lucila L K
LL
Elias
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil.
David
D
Murphy
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil jantunesr@gmail.com.
José
J
Antunes-Rodrigues
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014868:Water Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010121:Oxytocin; D003345:Corticosterone
Perinatal programming; sodium preference ratio; thirst; vasopressin