Trend analysis and survival of primary gallbladder cancer in the United States: a 1973-2009 population-based study.
Primary gallbladder cancer is an aggressive and uncommon cancer with poor outcomes. Our study examines epidemiology, trend, and survival of gallbladder cancer in the United States from 1973 to 2009. We utilized the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER). Frequency and rate analyses on demographics, stage, and survival were compared among non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, African American, and Asian/Pacific Islanders. A total of 18,124 cases were reported in SEER from 1973 to 2009 comprising 1.4% of all reported gastrointestinal cancers. Gallbladder cancer was more common in females than males (71 vs. 29%, respectively). The age-adjusted incidence rate was 1.4 per 100,000, significantly higher in females than males (1.7 vs. 1.0). Trend analysis showed that the incidence rate has been decreasing over the last three decades for males. However, among females, the incidence rate had decreased from 1973 to mid-90s but has remained stable since then. Trend analysis for stage at diagnosis showed that the proportion of late-stage cases has been increasing significantly since 2001 after a decreasing pattern since 1973. Survival has improved considerably over time, and survival is better in females than males and in Asian/Pacific Islanders than other racial groups. The highest survival was in patients who received both surgery and radiation. Trend analysis revealed a recent increase of the incidence of late-stage gallbladder cancer. Highest survival was associated with receiving both surgery and radiation.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, CE 405, Columbia, Missouri, 65212.
Rubayat
R
Rahman
Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, CE707 CS&E Bldg, Columbia, Missouri, 65212.
Eduardo J
EJ
Simoes
Missouri Cancer Registry and Research Center, University of Missouri at Columbia, 401 Clark Hall, Columbia, Missouri, 65211.
Chester
C
Schmaltz
Section of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California.
Christian S
CS
Jackson
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, CE 405, Columbia, Missouri, 65212.
Jamal A
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-9014
JA
Ibdah
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018426:SEER Program; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult

SEER
; Epidemiology; gallbladder cancer; incidence trend; survival trend