Iodine deficiency: Clinical implications.
Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and fetal neurodevelopment. Major dietary sources of iodine in the United States are dairy products and iodized salt. Potential consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, and impaired cognitive development. Although iodine status in the United States is considered sufficient at the population level, intake varies widely across the population, and the percentage of women of childbearing age with iodine deficiency is increasing. Physicians should be aware of the risks of iodine deficiency and the indications for iodine supplementation, especially in women who are pregnant or lactating.
Department of Endocrinology, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA.
Soamsiri
S
Niwattisaiwong
Endocrinology Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Kenneth D
KD
Burman
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. ngm@ccf.org.
Melissa
M
Li-Ng
D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014481:United States
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine