Fruit Juice and Change in BMI: A Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Whether 100% fruit juice consumption causes weight gain in children remains controversial.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between 100% fruit juice consumption and change in BMI or BMIzscore in children.


METHODS
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases.


METHODS
Longitudinal studies examining the association of 100% fruit juice and change in BMI measures were included.


METHODS
Two independent reviewers extracted data using a predesigned data collection form.


RESULTS
Of the 4657 articles screened, 8 prospective cohort studies (n= 34 470 individual children) met the inclusion criteria. Controlling for total energy intake, 1 daily 6- to 8-oz serving increment of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 0.003 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.004) unit increase in BMIzscore over 1 year in children of all ages (0% increase in BMI percentile). In children ages 1 to 6 years, 1 serving increment was associated with a 0.087 (95% confidence interval: 0.008 to 0.167) unit increase in BMIzscore (4% increase in BMI percentile). 100% fruit juice consumption was not associated with BMIzscore increase in children ages 7 to 18 years.


CONCLUSIONS
All observational studies; studies differed in exposure assessment and covariate adjustment.


CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of 100% fruit juice is associated with a small amount of weight gain in children ages 1 to 6 years that is not clinically significant, and is not associated with weight gain in children ages 7 to 18 years. More studies are needed in children ages 1 to 6 years.
Departments of Medicine, brandon.auerbach@post.harvard.edu.|Epidemiology.
Brandon J
BJ
Auerbach
Epidemiology.|Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education.|Health Services, and.
Fred M
FM
Wolf
Health Services, and.|VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.|Northwest VA Health Services Research & Development Center of Excellence, Seattle, Washington.
Abigail
A
Hikida
Healthy Food America, Seattle, Washington; and.
Petra
P
Vallila-Buchman
Epidemiology.|VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.|Northwest VA Health Services Research & Development Center of Excellence, Seattle, Washington.
Alyson
A
Littman
Thompson Research Consulting, Chicago, Illinois.
Douglas
D
Thompson
University Libraries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Diana
D
Louden
Healthy Food America, Seattle, Washington; and.
Daniel R
DR
Taber
Departments of Medicine.|Health Services, and.|Healthy Food America, Seattle, Washington; and.
James
J
Krieger
D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015430:Weight Gain