Nanoincorporation of bioactive compounds from red grape pomaces: In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity.
In this study, the active components of grape pomaces were first extracted by maceration in ethanol and propylene glycol, then in extra virgin olive oil. The main components of the hydrophilic extractive solutions were flavonoids, while monounsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant constituents of the extractive oil, with high levels of oleic acid, which were identified by HPLC/DAD and GC/MS, respectively. The hydrophilic extractive solutions and the lipophilic extractive oil were used to prepare phospholipid vesicles, avoiding the energetically and economically expensive steps required to obtain solid matrixes or pure compounds. The obtained grape bioactive enriched penetration enhancer containing vesicles (PEVs) were multilamellar, around 200nm in size, and more viscous than the corresponding solutions. The antioxidant activity, evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assays, was potentiated when the extractive solutions were loaded in PEVs. Further, the grape enriched PEVs were able to ensure an optimal protection against oxidative stress in an ex vivo human erythrocytes-based model.
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Maria
M
Manconi
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Francesca
F
Marongiu
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Maria Letizia
ML
Manca
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: caddeoc@unica.it.
Carla
C
Caddeo
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Giorgia
G
Sarais
Dept. of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Claudia
C
Cencetti
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Laura
L
Pucci
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Vincenzo
V
Longo
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Gianluigi
G
Bacchetta
Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Anna Maria
AM
Fadda
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis
D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010743:Phospholipids; D010851:Picrates; D000431:Ethanol; D019946:Propylene Glycol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
Antioxidant; Grape pomace extract; Human erythrocytes; Phospholipid vesicles; Rheology