Tumor suppressor genes in familial adenomatous polyposis.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mostly due to a series of genetic alterations that are being greatly under the influence of the environmental factors. These changes, mutational or epigenetic modifications at transcriptional forefront and/or post-transcriptional effects via miRNAs, include inactivation and the conversion of proto-oncogene to oncogenes, and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Here, a thorough review was carried out on the role of TSGs with the focus on theAPCas the master regulator, mutated genes and mal-/dysfunctional pathways that lead to one type of hereditary form of the CRC; namely familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This review provides a venue towards defining candidate genes that can be used as new PCR-based markers for early diagnosis of FAP. In addition to diagnosis, defining the modes of genetic alterations will open door towards genome editing to either suppress the disease or reduce its progression during the course of action.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Nahal
N
Eshghifar
Department of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Naser
N
Farrokhi
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Tahereh
T
Naji
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammadreza
M
Zali
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP); Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs)