Effects of glucose concentration on osteogenic differentiation of type II diabetes mellitus rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on a nano-scale modified titanium.
OBJECTIVE
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide. Patients with DM have an increased risk of losing their teeth compared with other individuals. Dental implants are a standard of care for treating partial or full edentulism, and various implant surface treatments have recently been developed to increase dental implant stability. However, some studies have reported that DM reduces osseointegration and the success rate of dental implants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high glucose levels for hard tissue formation on a nano-scale modified titanium surface.


METHODS
Titanium disks were heated at 600°C for 1 h after treatment with or without 10 m NaOH solution. All disks were incubated with type II DM rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells before exposure to one of four concentrations of glucose (5.5, 8.0, 12.0 or 24.0 mm). The effect of different glucose concentrations on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell osteogenesis and inflammatory cytokines on the nano-scale modified titanium surface was evaluated.


RESULTS
Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased with increasing glucose concentration. In contrast, osteocalcin production and calcium deposition were significantly decreased at 8.0 mm glucose, but increased with glucose concentrations over 8.0 mm. Differences in calcium/phosphate ratio associated with the various glucose concentrations were similar to osteocalcin production and calcium deposition. Inflammatory cytokines were expressed at high glucose concentrations, but the nano-scale modified titanium surface inhibited the effect of high glucose concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
High glucose concentration increased hard tissue formation, but the quality of the mineralized tissue decreased. Furthermore, the nano-scale modified titanium surface increased mineralized tissue formation and anti-inflammation, but the quality of hard tissue was dependent on glucose concentration.
Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
I
I
Yamawaki
Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
Y
Y
Taguchi
Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
S
S
Komasa
Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
A
A
Tanaka
Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
M
M
Umeda
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005947:Glucose
bone marrow cells; hyperglycemia; osseointegration; titanium dioxide