Lifestyle factors in Croatian seafarers as relating to health and stress on board.
BACKGROUND
Seafaring is characterized by specific stressors and health risks.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article was to compare the prevalence of various lifestyle factors between the shipping and home environments, and in addition to test the relations between lifestyle factors, perceived stress on board, and health in seafarers.


METHODS
A total of 530 Croatian seafarers participated in an on-line survey. The questionnaire contained requests for demographic data and a set of questions relating to lifestyle, stress on board, physical health symptoms, and mental health.


RESULTS
The data showed higher sleep deprivation, higher levels of smoking and unhealthier diet at sea than at home, with prevalence of alcohol consumption and physical exercise being more favourable for the shipping environment. Sleep deprivation, unhealthy diet, lack of physical exercise, and smoking are shown as negative correlates of various measures of health. Stress on board was associated with sleep deprivation and unhealthy diet, and with more unfavourable physical and mental health.


CONCLUSIONS
The results give practical implications for promoting health in seafarers. Some of the lifestyle factors tested, such as alcohol use, smoking and physical exercise, fall rather under individual control, but others, such as a healthy, balanced diet on board and sleeping hygiene at sea, should be improved by shipping management.
Ana
A
Slišković
Zvjezdan
Z
Penezić
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D017523:Croatia; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000592:standards; D015995:Prevalence; D012767:Ships; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce
Stress on board; cardiovascular symptoms; gastrointestinal symptoms; mental health; unhealthy lifestyle