The Effect of Vitamin D Administration on Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded Clinical Trial.
OBJECTIVE
Vitamin D deficiency is quite common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and Vitamin D administration could reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients through different mechanisms. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality in these patients that are caused by vascular injuries. Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) are vascular inflammation indicators. The goal of this study is to find the effect of Vitamin D administration on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 serum levels in ESRD patients on hemodialysis.


METHODS
The current study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 64 patients in two groups of control and treatment. Serum levels of Vitamin D, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were measured before and after the study. Treatment group was treated with Vitamin D pearls while control group underwent treatment with placebo pearls. Average serum levels of Vitamin D, ICAM, and VCAM were measured in both groups before and after the study and were analyzed by ANOVA, pairedt-test, and Chi-square test using SPSS software.


RESULTS
Sixty-four ESRD patients were recruited for this study consisting of 32 male and 32 female subjects within the ages of 18 and 76 years. The change in serum level of Vitamin D was significant in treatment group (P= 0.001) but not in control group (P> 0.05). Serum levels of ICAM and VCAM also changed significantly in treatment group (P= 0.001) but not in control group (P> 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of this study, it could be said that Vitamin D administration in ESRD patients may increase serum level of Vitamin D up to four times. It also reduces serum levels of ICAM and VCAM which might improve the vascular condition of these patients.
Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Afsoon Emami
AE
Naeini
Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Firouzeh
F
Moeinzadeh
Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Sahar
S
Vahdat
Research and Development Department of Oil Company, Isfahan, Iran.
Akbar
A
Ahmadi
Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Zahra Parin
ZP
Hedayati
Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Safoora
S
Shahzeidi
End-stage renal disease; Vitamin D deficiency; hemodialysis; intracellular adhesion molecule-1; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1