Bioconcentration and multi-biomarkers of organic UV filters (BM-DBM and OD-PABA) in crucian carp.
Organic UV filters (OUV-Fs) are increasingly used in sunscreens and personal care products. In the present work, the bioconcentration and multi-biomarker effects of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM-DBM) and ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoate (OD-PABA) were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The fish were exposed to various concentrations of BM-DBM (3.88, 35.61, 181.85 and 337.15μg/L), OD-PABA (4.66, 53.83, 264.22 and 459.32μg/L) and their mixture (2.31+2.79, 23.69+26.18, 97.37+134.81 and 193.93+246.08μg/L) for 28 days. The maximal concentrations of two OUV-Fs were detected in the fish liver, followed by the brain, kidney, gill and muscle in most cases. The maximal BCF values of OD-PABA calculated in various exposure concentrations were 0.37 - 101.21 in single exposure groups and 0.11 - 31.09 in mixed exposure groups. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited by BM-DBM as well as the mixtures at all of the exposure concentrations and by OD-PABA at higher concentrations (≥264.22μg/L) during 28 days of exposure. The maximal inhibition rates of AChE activity reached 64.04% for BM-DBM, 41.05% for OD-PABA and 61.50% for the mixtures at the highest concentration, which indicated that these two OUV-Fs might damage the central nervous system. Concerning oxidative stress status, BM-DBM and the mixtures significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and inhibited catalase (CAT) activity, while OD-PABA caused a significant increase of GR and CAT activities. AChE and GR activities seemed to be more sensitive biomarkers for BM-DBM and OD-PABA.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Binni
B
Ma
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, XiZang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China. Electronic address: ghlu@hhu.edu.cn.
Guanghua
G
Lu
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Jianchao
J
Liu
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Zhenhua
Z
Yan
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Haohan
H
Yang
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Ting
T
Pan
D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D047188:Chalcones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
D000473:Alkanes; D015415:Biomarkers; D047188:Chalcones; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; C049935:avobenzone; C041981:padimate-O
Antioxidant enzyme; Carassius auratus; Combined effects; Tissue distribution