Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Biomolecule Interactions Influence Oral Absorption.
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in various industrial fields, such as electronics, packaging, food, and cosmetics. Accordingly, concerns about the potential toxicity of TiO₂ NPs have increased. In order to comprehend their in vivo behavior and potential toxicity, we must evaluate the interactions between TiO₂ NPs and biomolecules, which can alter the physicochemical properties and the fate of NPs under physiological conditions. In the present study, in vivo solubility, oral absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion kinetics of food grade TiO₂ (f-TiO₂) NPs were evaluated following a single-dose oral administration to rats and were compared to those of general grade TiO₂ (g-TiO₂) NPs. The effect of the interactions between the TiO₂ NPs and biomolecules, such as glucose and albumin, on oral absorption was also investigated, with the aim of determining the surface interactions between them. The intestinal transport pathway was also assessed using 3-dimensional culture systems. The results demonstrate that slightly higher oral absorption of f-TiO₂ NPs compared to g-TiO₂ NPs could be related to their intestinal transport mechanism by microfold (M) cells, however, most of the NPs were eliminated through the feces. Moreover, the biokinetics of f-TiO₂ NPs was highly dependent on their interaction with biomolecules, and the dispersibility was affected by modified surface chemistry.
Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea. mirae8651@naver.com.
Mi-Rae
MR
Jo
Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea. ky5031@swu.ac.kr.
Jin
J
Yu
Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 26493, Korea. hjun.kim@yonsei.ac.kr.
Hyoung-Jun
HJ
Kim
Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 26493, Korea. dielion@naver.com.
Jae Ho
JH
Song
Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 26493, Korea. pttkkm@gmail.com.|Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, 139, Jiyang-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 08036, Korea. pttkkm@gmail.com.
Kyoung-Min
KM
Kim
Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 26493, Korea. jaemin.oh@yonsei.ac.kr.
Jae-Min
JM
Oh
Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea. sjchoi@swu.ac.kr.
Soo-Jin
SJ
Choi
biomolecule; interaction; intestinal transport; oral absorption; titanium dioxide