Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants.
An in vitro porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) culture was developed as a model for evaluating immune polarization induced by adjuvants when administered with immunogens that may become vaccine candidates if appropriately formulated. The swine pathogenStreptococcus suiswas chosen as a prototype to evaluate proposedS. suisvaccine candidates in combination with the adjuvants Poly I:C, Quil A ®, Alhydrogel ®, TiterMax Gold ® and Stimune ®. The toll-like receptor ligand Poly I:C and the saponin Quil A ® polarized swine DC cytokines towards a type 1 phenotype, with preferential production of IL-12 and TNF-α. The water-in-oil adjuvants TiterMax Gold ® and Stimune ® favoured a type 2 profile as suggested by a marked IL-6 release. In contrast, Alhydrogel ® induced a type 1/type 2 mixed cytokine profile. The antigen type differently modified the magnitude of the adjuvant effect, but overall polarization was preserved. This is the first comparative report on swine DC immune activation by different adjuvants. Although further swine immunization studies would be required to better characterize the induced responses, the herein proposed in vitro model is a promising approach that helps assessing behaviour of the vaccine formulation rapidly at the pre-screening stage and will certainly reduce numbers of animals used while advancing vaccinology science.
Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada. lea.martelet@live.fr.
Léa
L
Martelet
Laboratory of Streptococcus suis, CRIPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada. sonia.lacouture@umontreal.ca.
Sonia
S
Lacouture
Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada. guillaume.goyette-desjardins@umontreal.ca.
Guillaume
G
Goyette-Desjardins
Biostatistics Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada. guy.beauchamp@umontreal.ca.
Guy
G
Beauchamp
F. Ménard Inc., 251 Route 235, Ange Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada. csurprenant@fmenard.com.
Charles
C
Surprenant
Laboratory of Streptococcus suis, CRIPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada. marcelo.gottschalk@umontreal.ca.
Marcelo
M
Gottschalk
Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada. mariela.segura@umontreal.ca.
Mariela
M
Segura
Poly I:C; Streptococcus suis; adjuvants; alum; cytokines; dendritic cells; saponins; swine; vaccines; water-in-oil emulsions