Furocoumarin Kinetics in Plasma and Urine of Healthy Adults Following Consumption of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and Grapefruit Juice.
Furocoumarins are a class of organic compounds found in a variety of vegetables and fruits. Relatively little is known about the absorption and excretion of these compounds following ingestion. The objective of this study was to identify furocoumarins in grapefruit and grapefruit juice and observe their kinetics in blood and urine. The furocoumarins detected in grapefruit using UPLC-MS/MS were bergamottin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (6',7'-DHB), epoxybergamottin, and bergaptol. Bergamottin, 6',7'-DHB, bergaptol, and bergapten were detected in grapefruit juice. In this study of 6 males and 3 females, only bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB were detected in plasma, whereas in urine, four distinct furocoumarin metabolites as well as bergaptol, 6',7'-DHB, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), bergamottin, and psoralen were identified. Following grapefruit ingestion, furocoumarins were detectable in plasma as early as 15 min and in urine within 1 h. They remained in plasma for up to 3 or more hours and in urine as late as 24 h.
Melissa M
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-0980
MM
Melough
Terrence M
TM
Vance
North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States.
Sang Gil
SG
Lee
Anthony A
AA
Provatas
Christopher
C
Perkins
Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States.
Abrar
A
Qureshi
Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States.
Eunyoung
E
Cho
Ock K
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7391-2380
OK
Chun
Citrus paradisi Macf.; LC-MS/MS; furocoumarins; grapefruit; metabolites; plasma; urine