The nutritive value of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) seed cake for broiler chickens: nutritional composition, performance, carcass characteristics and oxidative and mycotoxin status.
This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive value of marula seed cake (MSC) as an alternative protein source for broilers. In a completely randomised design involving six replicate pens of five chickens assigned to each of five treatments, body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and carcass characteristics were measured in an experiment in which 150 28-day-old broilers were fed maize-based diets containing, respectively, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSC at finisher phase. The results showed MSC to be remarkably high in CP (470.0 g/kg DM) and EE (343.5 g/kg DM), with moderate CF (58.2 g/kg DM), ash (54.3 g/kg DM), Ca (1.1 g/kg DM) and P (11.0 g/kg DM). Whilst very poor in lysine, MSC was found to be rich in methionine, cyst(e)ine, arginine and glutamic acid; it also contains good levels of valine, glycine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, proline and alanine. Also, it contained 85.24% oleic (OA), 9.65% palmitic and 5.11% stearic acids, with a high peroxide value and low levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin. BWG, FI and FCE of broiler chickens significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the dietary level of MSC increased. Further, dietary MSC significantly decreased bird live weight at slaughter (P < 0.001), plucked weight (P < 0.001), dressed weight (P < 0.001) and weights of the liver (P < 0.001) and neck (P < 0.05). The results therefore demonstrate MSC to be a good source of CP, fat, Ca, P, amino acids (except lysine) and OA that can replace soya bean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. However, its use is currently limited by lipid peroxidation and presence of mycotoxins.
Department of Animal Science, Luyengo Campus, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box M205, Luyengo, Swaziland. kakade2000@gmail.com.
Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla
DM
Mthiyane
Department of Animal Science, Luyengo Campus, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box M205, Luyengo, Swaziland.|Crane Feeds (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 1974, Matsapha, Swaziland.
Bhekumusa Sabelo
BS
Mhlanga
D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008239:Lysine / Q000032:analysis; D008715:Methionine / Q000032:analysis; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011897:Random Allocation; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015430:Weight Gain; D003313:Zea mays
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D008715:Methionine; C007262:deoxynivalenol; D008239:Lysine
Broilers; Carcass characteristics; Chemical composition; Marula seed cake; Mycotoxins; Performance