Severe Hand Injuries From Fireworks: Injury Patterns, Outcomes, and Fireworks Types.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to characterize injury patterns and outcomes of fireworks-related hand injuries and determine if there was an association with certain fireworks types.


METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients treated at a trauma center between 2005 and 2015. A total of 105 patients sustaining operative hand injuries due to fireworks were identified. Medical records were reviewed to identify injury patterns, treatment outcomes, and fireworks types.


RESULTS
Eighty-eight patients (84%) sustained 92 thumb and/or first web space injuries. There were 12 thumb soft tissue-only injuries (13%) and 80 thumb fractures/dislocations (87%). Of these, there were 52 thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations (57%) and 36 thumb fractures outside the thumb CMC joint (39%). Fifteen hands (16%) sustained both thumb CMC joint dislocations and additional thumb fractures. Twenty-three hands (25%) required thumb revision amputation. The number of surgeries for acute reconstruction ranged from 1 to 7, with 17 patients (19%) requiring 3 or more. Sixty-three hands had deep first web space injuries, and 11 (17%) required flaps acutely for first web space reconstruction. Six hands required secondary reconstruction of a first web space contracture. An external fixator was applied to 6 hands to maintain the first web space; none of these required secondary web reconstruction. Excluding isolated pin removals and dressing changes under anesthesia, 19 patients (22%) required later-stage surgeries. Shells/mortars (59%) were the most common fireworks type causing injury.


CONCLUSIONS
Among operative hand injuries, fireworks most commonly fracture the thumb, destabilize the thumb CMC joint, and deeply damage the first web space. The first web space requires particular consideration because deep injury may result in adduction contracture and require secondary reconstruction if not prevented.


METHODS
Therapeutic IV.
Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Brinkley K
BK
Sandvall
Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Kari A
KA
Keys
Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: jfriedri@uw.edu.
Jeffrey B
JB
Friedrich
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005107:Explosions; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D055815:Young Adult
D053834:Explosive Agents
Blast; fireworks; first web space; pattern; thumb