Long-term Outcome After Multiple Burr Hole Surgery in Children With Moyamoya Angiopathy: A Single-Center Experience in 108 Hemispheres.
BACKGROUND
Multiple burr hole (MBH) surgery is a simple, safe, and effective indirect technique of revascularization in moyamoya angiopathy (MM). However, it is not yet recognized as a first-line treatment.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the long-term outcome and perioperative complications in a large single-center cohort of children with MM who underwent burr hole surgery.


METHODS
This study is a retrospective analysis of children who underwent surgery for MM in a national reference center for pediatric stroke between 1999 and 2015. Sixty-four children (108 hemispheres, median age 7 years) were consecutively treated. The indication for revascularization was previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) or rapidly progressive disease on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital subtraction angiography. Children were followed with clinical examinations, telephone interviews, and MRI with any clinical recurrence of stroke or TIA used as the primary endpoint. Surgical mortality and morbidity were documented.


RESULTS
Sixty-four patients were operated (bilateral MBH n = 39, unilateral procedure n = 25). At a mean follow-up of 4.2 years and 270.6 patient years, 89.1% of patients had not suffered any recurrent stroke or TIA. A second surgery was required in 5 cases after unilateral revascularization, and in 3 cases after bilateral MBH. Mortality associated with the procedure was 0. Postoperative Matsushima angiographic grading was the only predictive factor of ischemic recurrence ( P = .036).


CONCLUSIONS
In pediatric MM, MBH compares favorably to other indirect or direct revascularization techniques in children in the prevention of stroke or TIA.
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Thomas
T
Blauwblomme
Université Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Bertrand
B
Mathon
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|INSERM U894, Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurology, French Center for Pediatric Stroke, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Olivier
O
Naggara
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurology, French Center for Pediatric Stroke, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Anesthesiology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Manoelle
M
Kossorotoff
APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Marie
M
Bourgeois
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Stéphanie
S
Puget
APHP, Department of Anesthesiology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Philippe
P
Meyer
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Valentine
V
Brousse
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Marianne
M
de Montalembert
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Neuroradiology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Francis
F
Brunelle
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.|French National Reference Centre for Pediatric Stroke, Paris, France.
Michel
M
Zerah
Université René Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
Christian
C
Sainte-Rose
D000293:Adolescent; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Cerebral revascularization; Indirect revascularization; Moyamoya; Multiple burr hole surgery; Outcome; Pediatric stroke