Lentinula edodes Genome Survey and Postharvest Transcriptome Analysis.
Lentinula edodesis a popular, cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom.Lentinula edodesis susceptible to postharvest problems, such as gill browning, fruiting body softening, and lentinan degradation. We constructed ade novoassembly draft genome sequence and performed gene prediction forLentinula edodesDe novoassembly was carried out using short reads from paired-end and mate-paired libraries and by using long reads by PacBio, resulting in a contig number of 1,951 and anN50of 1 Mb. Furthermore, we predicted genes by Augustus using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the whole life cycle ofLentinula edodes, resulting in 12,959 predicted genes. This analysis revealed thatLentinula edodeslacks lignin peroxidase. To reveal genes involved in the loss of quality ofLentinula edodespostharvest fruiting bodies, transcriptome analysis was carried out using serial analysis of gene expression (SuperSAGE). This analysis revealed that many cell wall-related enzymes are upregulated after harvest, such as β-1,3-1,6-glucan-degrading enzymes in glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH5, GH16, GH30, GH55, and GH128, and thaumatin-like proteins. In addition, we found that several chitin-related genes are upregulated, such as putative chitinases in GH family 18, exochitinases in GH20, and a putative chitosanase in GH family 75. The results suggest that cell wall-degrading enzymes synergistically cooperate for rapid fruiting body autolysis. Many putative transcription factor genes were upregulated postharvest, such as genes containing high-mobility-group (HMG) domains and zinc finger domains. Several cell death-related proteins were also upregulated postharvest.IMPORTANCEOur data collectively suggest that there is a rapid fruiting body autolysis system inLentinula edodesThe genes for the loss of postharvest quality newly found in this research will be targets for the future breeding of strains that keep fresh longer than present strains.De novoLentinula edodesgenome assembly data will be used for the construction of a completeLentinula edodeschromosome map for future breeding.
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami-shi, Iwate, Japan sakamoto@ibrc.or.jp.
Yuichi
Y
Sakamoto
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami-shi, Iwate, Japan.
Keiko
K
Nakade
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami-shi, Iwate, Japan.
Shiho
S
Sato
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami-shi, Iwate, Japan.
Kentaro
K
Yoshida
Kyushu Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
Kazuhiro
K
Miyazaki
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami-shi, Iwate, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Natsume
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami-shi, Iwate, Japan.
Naotake
N
Konno
D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification
D005656:Fungal Proteins
chitin; fruiting body; glucan; lentinan; senescence