Exogenously Applied 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) Ameliorates Detrimental Effects of Salinity by Reducing K+ Efflux via Depolarization-Activated K+ Channels.
This study has investigated mechanisms conferring beneficial effects of exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolides (EBL) on plant growth and performance under saline conditions. Barley seedlings treated with 0.25 mg l-1 EBL showed significant improvements in root hair length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight and relative water content when grown in the presence of 150 mM NaCl in the growth medium. In addition, EBL treatment significantly decreased the Na+ content in both shoots (by approximately 50%) and roots. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that pre-treatment with EBL for 1 and 24 h suppressed or completely prevented the NaCl-induced K+ leak in the elongation zone of barley roots, but did not affect root sensitivity to oxidative stress. Further experiments using Arabidopsis loss-of-function gork1-1 (lacking functional depolarization-activated outward-rectifying K+ channels in the root epidermal cells) and akt1 (lacking inward-rectifying K+ uptake channel) mutants showed that NaCl-induced K+ loss in the elongation zone of roots was reduced by EBL pre-treatment 50- to 100-fold in wild-type Col-0 and akt1, but only 10-fold in the gork1-1 mutant. At the same time, EBL treatment shifted vanadate-sensitive H+ flux towards net efflux. Taken together, these data indicate that exogenous application of EBL effectively improves plant salinity tolerance by prevention of K+ loss via regulating depolarization-activated K+ channels.
School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.|Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Nazila
N
Azhar
School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.|College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Nana
N
Su
School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Lana
L
Shabala
School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Sergey
S
Shabala
D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D001467:Hordeum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018527:Hydroponics; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D054712:Salinity; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
D060406:Brassinosteroids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; C023623:brassinolide
Epibrassinolide; Ion transport; Membrane depolarization; Potassium; Sodium; Voltage gating