Pilot scale intensification of rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) oil via chemical interesterification using hydrodynamic cavitation technology.
Chemical interesterification of rubber seed oil has been investigated for four different designed orifice devices in a pilot scale hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) system. Upstream pressure within 1-3.5bar induced cavities to intensify the process. An optimal orifice plate geometry was considered as plate with 1mm dia hole having 21 holes at 3bar inlet pressure. The optimisation results of interesterification were revealed by response surface methodology; methyl acetate to oil molar ratio of 14:1, catalyst amount of 0.75wt.% and reaction time of 20min at 50°C. HC is compared to mechanical stirring (MS) at optimised values. The reaction rate constant and the frequency factor of HC were 3.4-fold shorter and 3.2-fold higher than MS. The interesterified product was characterised by following EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 international standards.
Biomass Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Awais
A
Bokhari
Biomass Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. Electronic address: drsuzana_yusuf@utp.edu.my.
Suzana
S
Yusup
Marine Department Malaysia Northern Region, 11700 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
Lai Fatt
LF
Chuah
Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szentkirályi utca 28, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
Jiří Jaromír
JJ
Klemeš
Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Saira
S
Asif
Biomass Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
Basit
B
Ali
Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Majid Majeed
MM
Akbar
Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
Ruzaimah Nik M
RNM
Kamil
D002384:Catalysis; D028482:Hevea; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D010938:Plant Oils; D012408:Rubber; D012639:Seeds
D010938:Plant Oils; D012408:Rubber
Hydrodynamic cavitation; Interesterification; Optimisation; Process intensification; Rubber seed oil