Abnormality of adipokines and endothelial dysfunction in Mexican obese adolescents with insulin resistance.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship among insulin resistance (IR), endothelial dysfunction, and alteration of adipokines in Mexican obese adolescents and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).


METHODS
Two hundred and twenty-seven adolescents were classified according to the body mass index (BMI) (control: N=104; obese: N=123) and homeostasis model of the assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (obese with IR: N=65). The circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and IR were determined by standard methods.


RESULTS
The obese adolescents with IR presented increased presence of MetS and higher circulating concentrations in sICAM-1 in comparison with the obese subjects without IR. The lowest concentrations of adiponectin were observed in the obese with IR. In multivariate linear regression models, sICAM-1 along with triglycerides, total cholesterol, and waist circumference was strongly associated with HOMA-IR (R2=0.457, P=0.008). Similarly, after adjustment for age, BMI-SDS, lipids, and adipokines, HOMA-IR remained associated with sICAM-1 (R2=0.372, P=0.008). BMI-SDS was mildly associated with leptin (R2=0.176, P=0.002) and the waist circumference was mild and independent determinant of adiponectin (R2=0.136, P=0.007).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrated that the obese adolescents, particularly the obese subjects with IR exhibited increased presence of MetS, abnormality of adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction. The significant interaction between IR and endothelial dysfunction may suggest a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or delay systemic IR and the genesis of cardiovascular diseases in obese patients.
a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Maria Del Carmen
MDC
Ortiz Segura
b Department of Allergy , Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) , Mexico City , Mexico.
Blanca Estela
BE
Del Río Navarro
c Department of Nephrology , HIMFG , Mexico City , Mexico.
Benjamín Antonio
BA
Rodríguez Espino
d Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Laurence A
LA
Marchat
e Department of Inmunology , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Mexico City , Mexico.
Fausto
F
Sánchez Muñoz
f Sección de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Santiago
S
Villafaña
a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Enrique
E
Hong
a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Fabián
F
Meza-Cuenca
a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Patrick
P
Mailloux Salinas
g INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles , Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université , Nantes , France.
Francisco
F
Bolaños-Jiménez
h Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran , Mexico City , Mexico.
Elena
E
Zambrano
i Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública , Cuernavaca , Mexico.
Abel Armando
AA
Arredondo-López
a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.
Guadalupe
G
Bravo
j Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, HIMFG , Mexico City , Mexico.
Fengyang
F
Huang
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
D054392:Adipokines
Leptin; adiponectin; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; obese adolescents