Transcendental Meditation and Reduced Trauma Symptoms in Female Inmates: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Compared with the general population, trauma experiences are higher among incarcerated women.



To evaluate the effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on trauma symptoms in female offenders.



Twenty-two inmates at the Coffee Creek Correctional Facility in Wilsonville, OR, with at least 4 months left of incarceration were enrolled in this randomized controlled pilot study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the TM group (n = 11) or a wait-list control group (n = 11).



Subjects were measured at baseline and 4-month posttest using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C; primary outcome) with intrusive thoughts, avoidance, and hyperarousal subscales (secondary outcomes). Twenty of the subjects (10 in each group) took part in their treatment assignment and completed posttesting.



Significant reductions were found on total trauma (p < 0.036), intrusive thoughts (p < 0.026), and hyperarousal (p < 0.043) on the PCL-C. Effect sizes ranged from 0.65 to 0.99 for all variables. Eighty-one percent of the TM subjects were compliant with their program.



The results of this study indicate feasibility of the TM program in a female prison population and suggest that TM may be an effective tool for decreasing trauma symptoms. Future large-scale research is warranted.
Professor and Director of the Center for Social and Emotional Health at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, IA. snidich@mum.edu.
Sanford
S
Nidich
Affiliated Research Associate at the Center for Social and Emotional Health at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, IA. seng.angelak@gmail.com.
Angela
A
Seng
Affiliated Research Associate at the Center for Social and Emotional Health at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, IA. blazecompton@gmail.com.
Blaze
B
Compton
Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Western Oregon University in Monmouth. oconnortom@aol.com.
Tom
T
O'connor
Assistant Director of the Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, IA. jsalerno@mum.edu.
John W
JW
Salerno
Senior Researcher at the Center for Social and Emotional Health at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, IA. rnidich@mum.edu.
Randi
R
Nidich
D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019122:Meditation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000628:therapy*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D013850:Thinking