Electrolyte-Gated Red, Green, and Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.
We report vertical electrolyte-gated red, green, and blue phosphorescent small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), in which light emission was modified by tuning the electron injection via electrochemical doping of the electron injection layer 4,4-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1-biphenyl (CBP) under the assistance of a polymer electrolyte. These devices comprise an electrolyte capacitor on the top of a conventional OLED, with the interfacial contact between the electrolyte and electron injection layer CBP of OLEDs achieved through a porous cathode. These phosphorescent OLEDs exhibit the tunable luminance between 0.1 and 10 000 cd m-2, controlled by an applied bias at the gate electrode. This simple device architecture with gate-modulated luminance provides an innovative way for full-color OLED displays.
Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Jiang
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-1307
J
Liu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Dustin
D
Chen
Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States.
Xinning
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-8962
X
Luan
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Kwing
K
Tong
Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Fangchao
F
Zhao
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Chao
C
Liu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Qibing
Q
Pei
Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States.
Huaping
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-4727
H
Li
electrochemical doping; electron injection layer; full-color OLED display; gated phosphorescent small molecular OLEDs; nanoporous cathode; polymer electrolyte