Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, sodium, and potassium concentrations in common foods and estimated daily intake of the population in Valdivia (Chile) using a total diet study.
This study was designed to estimate the dietary intake of total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, cadmium, mercury, sodium, and potassium by the general adult population (aged 18-65) of Valdivia, Chile. Calculations were based on a 24-h dietary recall survey. The highest dietary intake of t-As (73.0 μg/day), i-As (20.0 μg/day), Cd (18.0 μg/day), Hg (5.8 μg/day), Na+(3112.8 mg/day), and K+(2077.5 mg/day) were for 70-kg adults. Estimating carcinogenic risk (CR > 4 × 10-4) due to exposure to i-As indicated that consumers remain at low risk for cancer. The cumulative health risk was evaluated by summing the target hazard quotient of cadmium (0.26) mercury (0.27) and inorganic arsenic (0.96); this calculation allows us to express the total target hazard quotient as 1.50 where a value > 1 indicates that there is a potential health risk for the population. Total intake of Cd and Hg were therefore within the limits estimated as being safe whereas Na+and K+intake for the Valdivia population did not follow the recommended values established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Na+intake exceeded the daily recommended intake while K+intake was lower than the daily recommended intake. This indicates a health risk for the Valdivia population.
Food Science and Technology Institute (ICYTAL), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile. Electronic address: ocielmunoz@uach.cl.
Ociel
O
Muñoz
Food Science and Technology Institute (ICYTAL), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile.
Pedro
P
Zamorano
Food Science and Technology Institute (ICYTAL), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile.
Olga
O
Garcia
Food Engineering Department, Universidad del Bió-Bió, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile.
José Miguel
JM
Bastías
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002677:Chile; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
D002104:Cadmium; D012964:Sodium; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic; D011188:Potassium
Cadmium; Inorganic arsenic; Mercury; Potassium; Sodium; Total diet study