PATIENT EXPOSURE DURING PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY AND MAMMOGRAPHY IN JAPAN IN 1974-2014.
We investigated changes in the entrance skin dose (ESD) and the mean glandular dose (MGD) during plain radiography or mammography in Japan from 1974 to 2014. Surveys regarding the conditions used for plain radiography and mammography were performed throughout Japan in 1974, 1979, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2014. The anatomical regions considered were categorised as follows: skull anteroposterior (AP), lumbar AP, lumbar lateral (LAT), pelvis (AP), ankle, chest posteroanterior (PA), Guthmann (lateral pelviography for pregnant women), infant hip joint and mammography. The doses for all anatomical regions decreased from 1974 to 1993. The MGD for mammography remained low from 1993 to 2014, and the ESDs for chest (PA) radiography trended upward. After the 2000s, the use of digital imaging increased in Japan. This is the first long-term study to examine changes in ESDs and MGDs in Japan.
Department of Imaging, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Aichi, Japan.|Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
Yuta
Y
Matsunaga
Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.|Department of Radiology, TOYOTA Memorial Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
Ai
A
Kawaguchi
Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
Kenichi
K
Kobayashi
School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
Masanao
M
Kobayashi
School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
Yasuki
Y
Asada
School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
Kazuyuki
K
Minami
School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
Shoichi
S
Suzuki
Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
Koichi
K
Chida
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D011835:Radiation Protection; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014965:X-Rays