Streamlined approach to mapping the magnetic induction of skyrmionic materials.
Recently, Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) has helped researchers advance the emerging field of magnetic skyrmions. These magnetic quasi-particles, composed of topologically non-trivial magnetization textures, have a large potential for application as information carriers in low-power memory and logic devices. LTEM is one of a very few techniques for direct, real-space imaging of magnetic features at the nanoscale. For Fresnel-contrast LTEM, the transport of intensity equation (TIE) is the tool of choice for quantitative reconstruction of the local magnetic induction through the sample thickness. Typically, this analysis requires collection of at least three images. Here, we show that for uniform, thin, magnetic films, which includes many skyrmionic samples, the magnetic induction can be quantitatively determined from a single defocused image using a simplified TIE approach.
Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. Electronic address: jchess@uoregon.edu.
Jordan J
JJ
Chess
Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sergio A
SA
Montoya
Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Tyler R
TR
Harvey
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Colin
C
Ophus
Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Simon
S
Couture
Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Vitaliy
V
Lomakin
Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Eric E
EE
Fullerton
Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Benjamin J
BJ
McMorran