Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation by Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Rodents and Humans.
Most organisms, including humans, have developed an intrinsic system of circadian oscillators, allowing the anticipation of events related to the rotation of Earth around its own axis. The mammalian circadian timing system orchestrates nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior. Together with systemic signals, emanating from the central clock that resides in the hypothalamus, peripheral oscillators orchestrate tissue-specific fluctuations in gene expression, protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, driving overt rhythms in physiology and behavior. There is increasing evidence on the essential roles of the peripheral oscillators, operative in metabolically active organs in the regulation of body glucose homeostasis. Here, we review some recent findings on the molecular and cellular makeup of the circadian timing system and its implications in the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease.
Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.|School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Frédéric
F
Gachon
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.|Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Ursula
U
Loizides-Mangold
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.|Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Volodymyr
V
Petrenko
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.|Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Charna
C
Dibner
D000818:Animals; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D012377:Rodentia
D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D005947:Glucose