Pd nanospheres decorated reduced graphene oxide with multi-functions: Highly efficient catalytic reduction and ultrasensitive sensing of hazardous 4-nitrophenol pollutant.
We illustrate a facile approach for in situ synthesis of Pd-gum arabic/reduced graphene oxide (Pd-GA/RGO) using GA as the reducing agent, which favors the instantaneous reduction of both Pd ions and GO into Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and RGO. From the morphological analysis of Pd-GA/RGO, we observed highly dispersed spherical 5nm Pd NPs decorated over RGO. The as-synthesized Pd-GA/RGO composite was employed for the catalytic reduction and the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), respectively. The catalytic reduction of 4-NP was highly pronounced for Pd-GA/RGO (5min) when compared to Pd NPs (140min) and Pd/RGO (36min). This enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect of Pd NPs and the presence of various functional groups of GA. Significantly, the fabricated sensor offered a low detection limit (9fM) with a wider linear range (2-80 pM) and long-term stability. The simple construction technique, high sensitivity, and long-term stability with acceptable accuracy in wastewater samples were the main advantages of the developed sensor. The results indicated that the as-prepared Pd-GA/RGO exhibited better sensing ability than the other graphene-based modified electrodes. Therefore, the proposed sensor can be employed as a more convenient sensing platform for environmental and industrial pollutants.
Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
A T Ezhil
ATE
Vilian
Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
Sang Rak
SR
Choe
Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
Krishnan
K
Giribabu
Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29, Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea.
Sung-Chan
SC
Jang
Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29, Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea; Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chroh@kaeri.re.kr.
Changhyun
C
Roh
Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yunsuk.huh@inha.ac.kr.
Yun Suk
YS
Huh
Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ykenergy@dongguk.edu.
Young-Kyu
YK
Han
4-Nitrophenol; Catalytic reduction; Gum arabic; Palladium nanoparticles; Reduced graphene oxide