Cytotoxicity, Bactericidal, and Antioxidant Activity of Sodium Alginate Hydrosols Treated with Direct Electric Current.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using direct electric current (DC) of 0, 200, and 400 mA for five minutes on the physiochemical properties, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity of sodium alginate hydrosols with different sodium chloride concentrations. The pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), and available chlorine concentration (ACC) were measured. The effect of sodium alginate hydrosols treated with DC onStaphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,Bacillus cereus,Micrococcus luteus,Escherichia coli,Salmonella enteritidis,Yersinia enterocolitica,Pseudomonas fluorescence, and RAW 264.7 and L929 cells was investigated. Subsequently, the antioxidant properties of hydrosols were evaluated by determining the scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results have shown that after applying 400 mA in hydrosol samples with 0.1% and 0.2% NaCl all tested bacteria were inactivated. The ACC concentration of C400 samples with NaCl was equal to 13.95 and 19.71 mg/L, respectively. The cytotoxicity analysis revealed that optimized electric field conditions and the addition of sodium chloride allow for the avoidance of toxicity effects on normal cells without disturbing the antibacterial effects. Due to the presence of oxidizing substances, the DPPH of variants treated with DC was lower than the DPPH of control samples.
Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, The Faculty of Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland. zaneta.krol@upwr.edu.pl.
Żaneta
Ż
Król
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland. krzysztof.marycz@upwr.edu.pl.
Krzysztof
K
Marycz
Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, The Faculty of Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland. dominika.kulig@upwr.edu.pl.
Dominika
D
Kulig
Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland. monika.marędziak@upwr.edu.pl.
Monika
M
Marędziak
Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, The Faculty of Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland. andrzej.jarmoluk@upwr.edu.pl.
Andrzej
A
Jarmoluk
D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004560:Electricity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry
D000464:Alginates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012996:Solutions; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
DPPH; FRAP; STEM; antibacterial activity; cytotoxicity; direct electric current; hydrosol; pH; sodium alginate