The Impact of Blue Light Cystoscopy on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer.
Photodynamic diagnostic technique with blue light cystoscopy (BLC) takes advantage of the preferential uptake and accumulation of protoporphyrins in neoplastic tissue which emit a red fluorescence when illuminated with blue light (360-450 nm wavelengths). This allows enhanced visualization of small papillary tumors and flat carcinoma in situ lesions that might have been missed on white light cystoscopy (WLC). There is compelling evidence that the ability of BLC to detect these additional tumors translates into improved recurrence rates compared to WLC. However, the impact of BLC with regard to progression rates and in patients who are managed with intravesical therapy is not yet known. Further work is required to optimize the integration of BLC into clinical practice, but the future for BLC appears promising.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3rd Floor, West Pavilion, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Eugene.Pietzak@gmail.com.
Eugene J
EJ
Pietzak
D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*
D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
Blue light cystoscopy; Cysview; Hexaminolevulinate; Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); Photodynamic diagnostics; Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)