A hybrid LIBS-Raman system combined with chemometrics: an efficient tool for plastic identification and sorting.
Classification of plastics is of great importance in the recycling industry as the littering of plastic wastes increases day by day as a result of its extensive use. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of a combined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)-Raman system for the rapid identification and classification of post-consumer plastics. The atomic information and molecular information of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were studied using plasma emission spectra and scattered signal obtained in the LIBS and Raman technique, respectively. The collected spectral features of the samples were analyzed using statistical tools (principal component analysis, Mahalanobis distance) to categorize the plastics. The analyses of the data clearly show that elemental information and molecular information obtained from these techniques are efficient for classification of plastics. In addition, the molecular information collected via Raman spectroscopy exhibits clearly distinct features for the transparent plastics (100% discrimination), whereas the LIBS technique shows better spectral feature differences for the colored samples. The study shows that the information obtained from these complementary techniques allows the complete classification of the plastic samples, irrespective of the color or additives. This work further throws some light on the fact that the potential limitations of any of these techniques for sample identification can be overcome by the complementarity of these two techniques. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
K M Muhammed
KMM
Shameem
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Khoobaram S
KS
Choudhari
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Aseefhali
A
Bankapur
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Suresh D
SD
Kulkarni
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India. unnikrishnan.vk@manipal.edu.
V K
VK
Unnikrishnan
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Sajan D
SD
George
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
V B
VB
Kartha
Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, LG-01, AB-05 MIT Campus Manipal, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
C
C
Santhosh
Chemometrics; Complementarity; Laser ablation; Polymers; Raman spectroscopy