Gender-related psychopathology in opioid use disorder: Results from a representative sample of Italian addiction services.
Gender and psychiatric comorbidity seem to influence patients' inter-individual response to Opioid Substitution Treatments (OST) in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) management. The aim of the study was to assess psychopathological dimensions in an Italian sample of OUD individuals entering a methadone/buprenorphine maintenance program; secondary, we evaluated the possible gender-specific differences within the psychopathological profiles.



In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 1052 (792 male; 260 female) OUD subjects receiving OST. All patients underwent a clinical and psychometric evaluation assessing demographics, psychiatric history, psychopathological features via the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and were prescribed psychopharmacological treatments.



Our results reveal gender-specific differences in a real-world sample of opioid-maintained OUD individuals attending public addiction services in Italy. Compared to men, women reported higher scores in both General Symptomatic Index (GSI) and in all the SCL-90-R sub-scales. No impact of pharmacological treatment was detected. Finally, regression analysis revealed that being in methadone-maintenance group was significantly associated with high GSI scores in the male, but not female, group.



Increasing the knowledge of psychopathological dimensions in patients with OST, with relevance to gender differences, is important for a better understanding of factors that influence the outcome and for further development in gender-tailored strategies.
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Beniamino
B
Leone
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: marcodinicola.md@gmail.com.
Marco
M
Di Nicola
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Lorenzo
L
Moccia
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Mauro
M
Pettorruso
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Luisa
L
De Risio
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Nucara
Addiction Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
Lorenzo
L
Zamboni
Science of Education, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy.
Antonino
A
Callea
Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Luigi
L
Janiri
Psychiatry and Addictive Behaviours Department, Local Health Authority, Mirano, Venice, Italy.
Mauro
M
Cibin
Addiction Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
Fabio
F
Lugoboni
D000328:Adult; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors
D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone
Comorbidity; Gender-related differences; Opioid substitution treatment; Opioid use disorder; Psychopathology