The Role of Targeted Therapy in the Management of Sinonasal Malignancies.
Cancers develop secondary to genetic and epigenetic changes that provide the cell with a survival advantage that promotes cellular immortality. Malignancy arises when tumors use mechanisms to evade detection and destruction by the immune system. Many malignancies seem to elicit an immune response, yet somehow manage to avoid destruction by the cells of the immune system. Cancers may evade this immune response by numerous mechanisms. Several targeted immune therapies are available that block some of these inhibitory signals and enhance the cell-mediated immune response. Many of these agents hold significant promise for future treatment of sinonasal and ventral skull base malignancies.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Lawrence
L
Kashat
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Christopher H
CH
Le
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Electronic address: alexchiumd@gmail.com.
Alexander G
AG
Chiu
D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000473:pathology
Cell-mediated immunity; Head and neck melanoma; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Mucosal melanoma; Sinonasal malignancy; Sinonasal tumors; Targeted therapy