Real-time reliable determination of binding kinetics of DNA hybridization using a multi-channel graphene biosensor.
Reliable determination of binding kinetics and affinity of DNA hybridization and single-base mismatches plays an essential role in systems biology, personalized and precision medicine. The standard tools are optical-based sensors that are difficult to operate in low cost and to miniaturize for high-throughput measurement. Biosensors based on nanowire field-effect transistors have been developed, but reliable and cost-effective fabrication remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a graphene single-crystal domain patterned into multiple channels can measure time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics and affinity reliably and sensitively, with a detection limit of 10 pM for DNA. It can distinguish single-base mutations quantitatively in real time. An analytical model is developed to estimate probe density, efficiency of hybridization and the maximum sensor response. The results suggest a promising future for cost-effective, high-throughput screening of drug candidates, genetic variations and disease biomarkers by using an integrated, miniaturized, all-electrical multiplexed, graphene-based DNA array.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Shicai
S
Xu
Institute for Glycomics and School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
Jian
J
Zhan
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
Baoyuan
B
Man
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
Shouzhen
S
Jiang
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
Weiwei
W
Yue
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
Shoubao
S
Gao
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Chengang
C
Guo
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Hanping
H
Liu
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Zhenhua
Z
Li
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Jihua
J
Wang
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.|Institute for Glycomics and School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
Yaoqi
Y
Zhou
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007700:Kinetics; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008904:Miniaturization; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D015342:DNA Probes; D006108:Graphite; D004247:DNA