Physiological Responses Induced by Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Feeding in Maize and Their Effects on O. furnacalis Performance.
Plants damaged by herbivorous insects often respond by mounting a series of defense responses that can inhibit the insect's fitness. Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a major insect pest in maize throughout much of Asia, Australia, and the western Pacific islands. We examined the effects of O. furnacalis -induced maize defenses on O. furnacalis fitness, and explained the effects from biochemical changes that occur in maize leaves in response to O. furnacalis feeding. The results of the age-stage, two-sex life table showed that significantly longer larval and pupal life spans, and total preoviposition period (TPOP) occurred. A decrease in the longevity and fecundity of female adults was observed in O. furnacalis fed on O. furnacalis -damaged leaves. The mean generation time ( T ), finite rate of increase ( ), net reproductive rate ( R 0 ), and intrinsic rate of increase ( r ) were also correspondingly affected. Biochemical assays indicated that 24 h of O. furnacalis herbivory resulted in decreased levels of the benzoxazinoids, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), and 2-(2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one)-β-D-glucopyranose (DIMBOA-Glc), and a corresponding increase in 2-(2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one)-β-D-glucopyranose (HDMBOA-Glc). Maize also exhibited higher activities of the defensive enzymes-peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)-after 24 h of herbivory. We concluded that exposure to O. furnacalis -damaged leaves had an inhibitory impact on the fitness of the neonate to pupa stages of O. furnacalis . The observed higher level of HDMBOA-Glc and higher enzymatic activities of POD, SOD, CAT, and PPO may account, in part, for the observed inhibitory effects on O. furnacalis fitness.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (guojingfei1989@126.com; gjq558@163.com; klhe@ippcaas.cn; sxbai@ippcaas.cn; zhtiantao@163.com; zywang@ippcaas.cn).
Jingfei
J
Guo
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China ( guojingfei1989@126.com ; gjq558@163.com ; klhe@ippcaas.cn ; sxbai@ippcaas.cn ; zhtiantao@163.com ; zywang@ippcaas.cn ).|Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
Jianqing
J
Guo
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (guojingfei1989@126.com; gjq558@163.com; klhe@ippcaas.cn; sxbai@ippcaas.cn; zhtiantao@163.com; zywang@ippcaas.cn).
Kanglai
K
He
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (guojingfei1989@126.com; gjq558@163.com; klhe@ippcaas.cn; sxbai@ippcaas.cn; zhtiantao@163.com; zywang@ippcaas.cn).
Shuxiong
S
Bai
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (guojingfei1989@126.com; gjq558@163.com; klhe@ippcaas.cn; sxbai@ippcaas.cn; zhtiantao@163.com; zywang@ippcaas.cn).
Tiantao
T
Zhang
Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China (maizezhao@126.com).
Jiuran
J
Zhao
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (guojingfei1989@126.com; gjq558@163.com; klhe@ippcaas.cn; sxbai@ippcaas.cn; zhtiantao@163.com; zywang@ippcaas.cn).
Zhenying
Z
Wang
D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000378:metabolism; D020387:Food Chain; D005960:Glucosides / Q000378:metabolism; D060434:Herbivory; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000502:physiology*
C418135:2-O-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one; D000975:Antioxidants; D048588:Benzoxazines; D005960:Glucosides; C050733:2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one
Ostrinia furnacalis; benzoxazinoid; defensive enzyme; induced resistance; life table