An update on application of nanotechnology and stem cells in spinal cord injury regeneration.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that leads to sudden loss of motor and autonomic function and sensory under the level of the injury. The pathophysiological advancement of SCI is divided into two categories: primary injury and secondary injury. Due to the loss of motor, sensory, or cognitive function, a patient's quality of life is likely reduced and places a great burden on society in order to supply health care costs. Therefore, it is important to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for SCI therapy. Nano biomedical systems and stem cell based therapy have the potential to provide new therapeutic availability and efficacy over conventional medicine. Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells can be used to offer efficient treatments. Nanoparticles have a potential to deliver therapeutic molecules to the target tissue of interest, reducing side effects of untargeted therapies in unwanted areas. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reduce activating inflammation responses that lead to cell death and promote functional recovery and cell growth. We review recent uses of nanomaterials and stem cells in regeneration of SCI.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Kazem
K
Nejati-Koshki
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Electronic address: youmort@yahoo.com.
Yousef
Y
Mortazavi
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
Younes
Y
Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
Sumit
S
Sheoran
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Council for Development of Stem Cells Sciences and Technologies, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: zarghami@tbzmed.ac.ir.
Nosratollah
N
Zarghami
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
Nanomaterials; Regeneration; Secondary injury; Spinal cord injury