In VitroandIn VivoAntibacterial Activities of Patchouli Alcohol, a Naturally Occurring Tricyclic Sesquiterpene, against Helicobacter pylori Infection.
This study further evaluated thein vitroandin vivoanti-Helicobacter pyloriactivities and potential underlying mechanism of patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene. In thein vitroassay, the capacities of PA to inhibit and killH. pyloriwere tested on three standard strains at different pH values and on 12 clinical isolates. The effects of PA onH. pyloriadhesion (and itsalpA,alpB, andbabAgenes), motility (and itsflaAandflaBgenes), ultrastructure, and flagellation were investigated. Moreover, theH. pyloriresistance to and postantibiotic effect (PAE) of PA were determined. Furthermore, thein vivoeffects of PA onH. pylorieradication and gastritis were examined. Results showed that MICs of PA against three standard strains (pH 5.3 to 9) and 12 clinical isolates were 25 to 75 and 12.5 to 50 μg/ml, respectively. The killing kinetics of PA were time and concentration dependent, and its minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 25 to 75 μg/ml. In addition,H. pyloriadhesion, motility, ultrastructure, and flagellation were significantly suppressed. PA also remarkably inhibited the expression of adhesion genes (alpAandalpB) and motility genes (flaAandflaB). Furthermore, PA treatment caused a longer PAE and less bacterial resistance than clarithromycin and metronidazole. Thein vivostudy showed that PA can effectively eradicateH. pylori, inhibit gastritis, and suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]). In conclusion, PA can efficiently killH. pylori, interfere with its infection process, and attenuate gastritis with less bacterial resistance, making it a potential candidate for new drug development.
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Y F
YF
Xu
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
D W
DW
Lian
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Y Q
YQ
Chen
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Y F
YF
Cai
Department of Mammary Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Y F
YF
Zheng
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
P L
PL
Fan
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
W K
WK
Ren
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
L J
LJ
Fu
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Y C
YC
Li
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
J H
JH
Xie
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
H Y
HY
Cao
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
B
B
Tan
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China suziren@gzucm.edu.cn hping331@126.com.|Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, People's Republic of China.
Z R
ZR
Su
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China suziren@gzucm.edu.cn hping331@126.com.
P
P
Huang
D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005408:Flagellin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006836:Hydro-Lyases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; C470179:AlpA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C119772:AlpB protein, Helicobacter pylori; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C400429:BabA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C417241:FlaA1 protein, Helicobacter pylori; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D005408:Flagellin; C416532:flaB flagellin; D008795:Metronidazole; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D006836:Hydro-Lyases; D017291:Clarithromycin; C052983:patchouli alcohol
Helicobacter pylori; antiadhesion; antigastritis; antimotility; patchouli alcohol