Citrate attenuates vascular calcification in chronic renal failure rats.
Vascular calcification (VC) is a major contributor of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic renal failure (CRF). Citrate binds calcium and inhibits the growth of calcium crystals. This present study intends to evaluate the effect of citrate on VC in adenine-induced CRF rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the citrate control group, model group, model rats with low-dose treatment of citrate (216 mg/kg) and model rats with high-dose treatment of citrate (746 mg/kg). The rats were euthanized at 5 weeks with their blood and aorta in detection. The results showed that serum level of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, and related renal failure function marker were elevated in the model group. Furthermore, the aortic calcium accumulation and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased in the model group compared with control groups. Additionally, hematoxylin-eosin staining results demonstrated that the vascular calcification in aorta is significantly increased in the model group. Finally, the expression of VC-related proteins including bone morphogenetic protein and osteocalcin were increased in the model group, whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin was decreased in the model group compared with the control group. However, treatment with citrate caused a reversal effect of all the above events in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, citrate may attenuate vascular calcification in adenine-induced CRF rats.
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Yan
Y
Ou
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Zengying
Z
Liu
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Yan An University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
Shuiqin
S
Li
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xiaojing
X
Zhu
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Yan
Y
Lin
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Jin
J
Han
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Zhaoyang
Z
Duan
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Lining
L
Jia
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Baosong
B
Gui
D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D065096:Calcium Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000517:prevention & control*
D065096:Calcium Chelating Agents; D019343:Citric Acid
Citrate; renal failure; vascular calcification