Prognostic significance of TBL1XR1 in predicting liver metastasis for early stage colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND
Liver metastasis is the leading cause of lethal colorectal cancer (CRC). For patients with early stage CRC, metachronous liver metastasis is the primary risk for poor prognosis. Accordingly, identification of prospective biomarkers for metachronous liver metastasis would be invaluable in evaluating patients' clinical outcomes and developing personal treatment therapy.


METHODS
Here we investigated the role of transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) in predicting liver metastasis for early stage CRC. To accomplish this goal, a multi-center retrospective study was performed which included three stages: exploration stage (43 patients), identification stage (162 patients) and validation stage (38 patients). TBL1XR1 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR. The prognostic significance of TBL1XR1 in both stage IV CRC patients and early stage CRC patients were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis, respectively.


RESULTS
For stage IV CRC patients, TBL1XR1 expression was correlated with the number of liver metastases (P = 0.036), and high levels of TBL1XR1 in liver metastases indicated poor overall survival (P = 0.028). Moreover, high expressions of TBL1XR1 can serve as a predictor for liver metastasis in early stage CRC patients (P = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
TBL1XR1 is a promising biomarker for predicting liver metastasis in early stage CRC patients.
Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Hongda
H
Liu
Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Yunfei
Y
Xu
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
Qun
Q
Zhang
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Hui
H
Yang
Department of Breast Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Weichen
W
Shi
Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Zhaochen
Z
Liu
Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Kangshuai
K
Li
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Zheng
Z
Gong
Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Shanglei
S
Ning
302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100000, China.
Shuo
S
Li
Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China. Electronic address: yxchen@sdu.edu.cn.
Yuxin
Y
Chen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C473691:TBL1XR1 protein, human
CRC; Liver metastasis; TBL1XR1