PCSK9variant, long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in Costa Rican Hispanics.
Background:Previous studies have indicated that the cardioprotective effects of long-chain (LC) n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may vary across various ethnic populations. Emerging evidence has suggested that the gene-environment interaction may partly explain such variations. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was shown to have a mutually regulating relation with LC n-3 PUFAs and also to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, we hypothesized that certainPCSK9genetic variants may modify the association between LC n-3 PUFA intake and CVD risk.Objective:We determined whether aPCSK9variant (rs11206510), which has been identified for early onset myocardial infarction (MI), modified the association of LC n-3 PUFAs with nonfatal MI risk in Costa Rican Hispanics.Design:We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1932 case subjects with a first nonfatal MI and 2055 population-based control subjects who were living in Costa Rica to examine potential gene-environment interactions. Two-sidedPvalues <0.05 were considered significant.Results:We observed a significant interaction between thePCSK9rs11206510 genotype and LC n-3 PUFA intake on nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.012). The OR of nonfatal MI was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98) per 0.1% increase in total energy intake from LC n-3 PUFAs in protective-allele (C-allele) carriers, whereas the corresponding OR (95% CI) in non-C-allele carriers was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.10). Similar results were observed when we examined the association between docosahexaenoic acid, which is one type of LC n-3 PUFA, and nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.003).Conclusion:LC n-3 PUFA intake is associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI in C-allele carriers ofPCSK9rs11206510 (n= 799) but not in non-C-allele carriers (n= 3188).
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Zhi
Z
Yu
Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, and.|Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Tao
T
Huang
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and.
Yan
Y
Zheng
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
Tiange
T
Wang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
Yoriko
Y
Heianza
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
Dianjianyi
D
Sun
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and.
Hannia
H
Campos
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and lqi1@tulane.edu.|Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
Lu
L
Qi
D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D003364:Costa Rica; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002149:Energy Intake; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9 / Q000235:genetics*
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9
Costa Rican Hispanics; PUFAs; gene-diet interaction; genetics; long-chain n–3; nonfatal myocardial infarction