Modulation of host cell apoptotic pathways by intracellular pathogens.
Nearly all steps of the host cell apoptotic cascade can be subverted by intracellular microorganisms. Some pathogens modulate early steps and interfere with sensing of extracellular signals, cellular stress or signal transduction; others target Bcl-2 proteins, caspases, or inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). In many cases the exact molecular mechanisms leading to interference with the host cell apoptotic cascade are still unknown. However, there are some examples where bacterial factors that modulate host cell death have been identified. In this review we will summarize recent findings on how intracellular pathogens or their secreted proteins alter the intrinsic and/or extrinsic host cell apoptotic pathways.
Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Anja
A
Friedrich
Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Julian
J
Pechstein
Institut für molekulare Pathogenese, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Christian
C
Berens
Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: anja.luehrmann@uk-erlangen.de.
Anja
A
Lührmann
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D020169:Caspases