Transgender Health in Endocrinology: Current Status of Endocrinology Fellowship Programs and Practicing Clinicians.
The transgender population continues to face challenges in accessing appropriate health care. Adequate training of endocrinologists in this area is a priority.



Assess the status of transgender health care education in US endocrinology fellowship training programs and assess knowledge and practice of transgender health among practicing US endocrinologists.



Mayo Clinic and the Endocrine Society developed and administered a Web-based anonymous survey to 104 endocrinology fellowship program directors (PDs; members of the Association of Program Directors in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism) and 6992 US medical doctor members of Endocrine Society.



There were 54 total responses from 104 PDs (51.9%). Thirty-five of these 54 programs (72.2%) provide teaching on transgender health topics; however, 93.8% respondents indicated that fellowship training in this area is important. Barriers to provision of education included lack of faculty interest or experience. The most desired strategies to increase transgender-specific content included online training modules for trainees and faculty. Of 411 practicing clinician responders, almost 80% have treated a transgender patient, but 80.6% have never received training on care of transgender patients. Clinicians were very or somewhat confident in terms of definitions (77.1%), taking a history (63.3%), and prescribing hormones (64.8%); however, low confidence was reported outside of the hormonal realm. The most requested methods of education included online training modules and presentation of transgender topics at meetings.



Confidence and competence in transgender health needs to increase among endocrinologists. Strategies include the development of online training modules, expansion of formal transgender curricula in fellowship programs, and presentations at national and international meetings.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Caroline
C
Davidge-Pitts
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Todd B
TB
Nippoldt
CPL Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
Ann
A
Danoff
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Lauren
L
Radziejewski
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Neena
N
Natt
D001364:Awareness; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D004704:Endocrinology / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000193:education; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology