The social benefits of WEEE re-use schemes. A cost benefit analysis for PCs in Spain.
One goal of the new European legislation set out in WEEE Directive 2012/19/UE is the promotion of WEEE re-use schemes. However, some authors are rather sceptical about the contribution of WEEE re-use schemes to improve resource efficiency. In order to evaluate and to design adequate policy instruments, some authors recommend the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a compulsory first step. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is to enlarge the empirical literature by providing a CBA of re-use schemes versus recycling processes of PCs. The analysis is made for Spain by quantifying in monetary terms the social damages of environmental impacts such as climate change, human toxicity, particulate matter formation, metal depletion, etc. Our results suggest that promoting re-use against recycling (and consequently the need for manufacturing a new PC from raw materials) may reduce environmental costs by 45.20€ per PC. Those social benefits are mainly generated in the re-use preparation process and distribution activities, whereas the re-use scenario displays a worse performance in energy consumption. The difference in the distribution stage during the second life cycle originates from the fact that the ready to re-use product is produced locally, while the brand new product is manufactured and distributed from abroad, mainly Asia. These results provide valuable information to policymakers and think tanks willing to design support schemes for re-use over recycling operations.
Universidade de Vigo, Facultade Economicas e Empresariais, Vigo 36310, Spain. Electronic address: xmgonzalez@uvigo.es.
Xose Manuel
XM
González
Universidade de Vigo, Facultade Empresariais e Turismo, Ourense 32004 Spain. Electronic address: miguel.r@uvigo.es.
Miguel
M
Rodríguez
Institute for Studies on the Mediterranean Societies (ISSM), Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Via Guglielmo Sanfelice 8, Naples 80134 Italy. Electronic address: y.penaboquete@issm.cnr.it.
Yolanda
Y
Pena-Boquete
D001208:Asia; D057231:Climate Change; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D059029:Electronic Waste / Q000191:economics*; D059027:Recycling; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000191:economics*; D013030:Spain
Cost benefit analysis; Externalities; Re-use schemes; WEEE