Reassortment of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Birds in Alaska before H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 Outbreaks.
Sampling of mallards in Alaska during September 2014-April 2015 identified low pathogenic avian influenza A virus (subtypes H5N2 and H1N1) that shared ancestry with highly pathogenic reassortant H5N2 and H5N1 viruses. Molecular dating indicated reassortment soon after interhemispheric movement of H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4, suggesting genetic exchange in Alaska or surrounds before outbreaks.
Nichola J
NJ
Hill
Islam T M
IT
Hussein
Kimberly R
KR
Davis
Eric J
EJ
Ma
Timothy J
TJ
Spivey
Andrew M
AM
Ramey
Wendy Blay
WB
Puryear
Suman R
SR
Das
Rebecca A
RA
Halpin
Xudong
X
Lin
Nadia B
NB
Fedorova
David L
DL
Suarez
Walter M
WM
Boyce
Jonathan A
JA
Runstadler
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics*
Alaska; H5 clade 2.3.4.4; agricultural biosecurity; avian; bird migration; ducks; genetic reassortment; infectious diseases; influenza A virus; mallards; poultry; spillover transmission; viruses; wild birds; zoonoses