Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating strong epidemiologic and mechanistic associations between cigarette smoking, hyperglycemia, and the development of type 2 diabetes, tobacco abuse has not been uniformly recognized as a modifiable risk factor in diabetes prevention or screening strategies. In this review, we highlight population-based studies that have linked cigarette smoking with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and summarize clinical and preclinical studies offering insight into mechanisms through which cigarette smoking and nicotine exposure impact body composition, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β cell function. Key questions for future studies are identified and strategies for smoking cessation as a means to decrease diabetes risk are discussed.
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
Judith
J
Maddatu
Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Ind.
Emily
E
Anderson-Baucum
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind. Electronic address: cevansmo@iu.edu.
Carmella
C
Evans-Molina
D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation
D005947:Glucose