Emission of volatile sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes in grapevine genotypes following Plasmopara viticola inoculation in vitro.
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops globally, and one of its most important diseases in terms of economic losses is downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola. Several wild Vitis species have been found to be resistant to this pathogen and have been used in breeding programs to introduce resistance traits to susceptible cultivars. Plant defense is based on different mechanisms, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a major role in the response to insects and pathogens. Although grapevine resistance mechanisms and the production of secondary metabolites have been widely characterized in resistant genotypes, the emission of VOCs has not yet been investigated following P. viticola inoculation. A Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to analyze the VOCs emitted by in vitro-grown plants of grapevine genotypes with different levels of resistance. Downy mildew inoculation significantly increased the emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes by the resistant SO4 and Kober 5BB genotypes, but not by the susceptible V. vinifera Pinot noir. Volatile terpenes were implicated in plant defense responses against pathogens, suggesting that they could play a major role in the resistance against downy mildew by direct toxicity or by inducing grapevine resistance. The grapevine genotypes differed in terms of the VOC emission pattern of both inoculated and uninoculated plants, indicating that PTR-ToF-MS could be used to screen hybrids with different levels of downy mildew resistance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.|Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Alberto
A
Algarra Alarcon
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.|Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
Valentina
V
Lazazzara
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Luca
L
Cappellin
Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Pier Luigi
PL
Bianchedi
Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
Rainer
R
Schuhmacher
Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.|European Academy Bolzano, Drususallee 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
Georg
G
Wohlfahrt
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Ilaria
I
Pertot
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Franco
F
Biasioli
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Michele
M
Perazzolli
PTR-ToF-MS; downy mildew resistance; grapevine; in vitro plants; volatile organic compounds