Microbial enzymes: industrial progress in 21st century.
Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients. Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenolic compounds, nitriles, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion. Here in this review, we highlight and discuss current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.
Department of Biochemistry, VP Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
Rajendra
R
Singh
Department of Biochemistry, VP Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
Manoj
M
Kumar
Mill Hill Laboratory, Division of Structural Biology and Biophysics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Anshumali
A
Mittal
Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel. pk.mehta@tx.technion.ac.il.
Praveen Kumar
PK
Mehta
Application; Bioconversion; Enzymes; Industry; Microorganisms