The Adverse Effect of Hypertension in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer with Multi-Kinase Inhibitors.
The treatment of thyroid cancer has promising prospects, mostly through the use of surgical or radioactive iodine therapy. However, some thyroid cancers, such as progressive radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma, are not remediable with conventional types of treatment. In these cases, a treatment regimen with multi-kinase inhibitors is advisable. Unfortunately, clinical trials have shown a large number of patients, treated with multi-kinase inhibitors, being adversely affected by hypertension. This means that treatment of thyroid cancer with multi-kinase inhibitors prolongs progression-free and overall survival of patients, but a large number of patients experience hypertension as an adverse effect of the treatment. Whether the prolonged lifetime is sufficient to develop sequelae from hypertension is unclear, but late-stage cancer patients often have additional diseases, which can be complicated by the presence of hypertension. Since the exact mechanisms of the rise of hypertension in these patients are still unknown, the only available strategy is treating the symptoms. More studies determining the pathogenesis of hypertension as a side effect to cancer treatment as well as outcomes of dose management of cancer drugs are necessary to improve future therapy options for hypertension as an adverse effect to cancer therapy with multi-kinase inhibitors.
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. ole.vincent.ancker@post.au.dk.
Ole Vincent
OV
Ancker
Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. markus.wehland@med.ovgu.de.
Markus
M
Wehland
Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. jbauer@biochem.mpg.de.
Johann
J
Bauer
Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. manfred.infanger@med.ovgu.de.
Manfred
M
Infanger
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. dgg@biomed.au.dk.|Clinic and Policlinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. dgg@biomed.au.dk.
Daniela
D
Grimm
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors
hypertension; lenvatinib; multi-kinase inhibitors; sorafenib; sunitinib; thyroid cancer; vascular endothelial growth factor