Developmental toxicity and induction of vitellogenin in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to methyl Paraben.
MethylParaben (MP), a methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is used as an anti-microbial preservative in foods, drugs and cosmetics for decades. It enters the aquatic environment, and can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Little is known on the developmental toxicity of MP exposure to zebrafish during early life stages. In this study, the developmental effects of MP were evaluated in embryo-larval zebrafish (at concentrations ranging from 100μM, 200μM, 400µM, 800μM and 1000μM for 96h post fertilization (hpf). The survival, hatching, heart beat rate and developmental abnormalities were observed in the embryos exposed to MP. MP exposure resulted in decreased heart rate and hatching rate. Defects including pericardial edema blood cell accumulation and bent spine were observed in all the treated concentration, except at 100μM. With increasing concentrations, the frequency of these defects increased. The 96 hpf LC50of MP was calculated to be 428μM (0.065mg/L). Furthermore, RT-PCR result showed that in larval zebrafish exposed to 100μM (0.015mg/L) of MP till 96 hpf, expression of vitellogenin I (Vtg -I) was significantly upregulated compared to the control group. This data suggest that even though lower concentrations of MP do not cause phenotypic malformations, it leads to dysregulated expression of estrogenic biomarker gene Vtg-I.
Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Vrinda Yatin
VY
Dambal
Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Karthikeyan Ponnien
KP
Selvan
Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Christy
C
Lite
Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India.
S
S
Barathi
Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India; P.G Research Departments of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Govt. College for Men, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: santoshmcc@yahoo.com.
Winkins
W
Santosh
D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010226:Parabens / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010226:Parabens; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C015358:methylparaben
Developmental exposure; MethylParaben; Vtg I; Zebrafish