Weight management in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A randomized controlled trial of two dietary approaches.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of obesity among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is equal to or greater than the general population.


METHODS
Overweight/obese adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) with mild-to-moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities were randomized to an enhanced stop light diet (eSLD = SLD + portion-controlled meals, n = 78) or a conventional diet (CD, n = 72) for an 18 months trial (6 months weight loss, 12 months maintenance). Participants were asked to increase physical activity (150 min/week), self-monitor diet and physical activity and attend counselling/educational sessions during monthly home visits.


RESULTS
Weight loss (6 months) was significantly greater in the eSLD (-7.0% ± 5.0%) compared with the CD group (-3.8% ± 5.1%, p < .001). However, at 18 months, weight loss between groups did not differ significantly (eSLD = -6.7% ± 8.3%; CD = 6.4% ± 8.6%; p = .82).


CONCLUSIONS
The eSLD and CD provided clinically meaningful weight loss over 18 months in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Lauren T
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1705-1643
LT
Ptomey
The Schiefelbusch Institute for Lifespan Studies, The University of Kansas-Lawrence, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Richard R
RR
Saunders
The Schiefelbusch Institute for Lifespan Studies, The University of Kansas-Lawrence, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Muriel
M
Saunders
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Richard A
RA
Washburn
Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Matthew S
MS
Mayo
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Debra K
DK
Sullivan
Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Cheryl A
CA
Gibson
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Jeannine R
JR
Goetz
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Jeff J
JJ
Honas
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Erik A
EA
Willis
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Jessica C
JC
Danon
Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Ron
R
Krebill
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Joseph E
JE
Donnelly
D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology; D000072001:Diet, Healthy / Q000379:methods*; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
intellectual and developmental disability; physical activity; portion-controlled meals; stop light diet; weight maintenance; weight management