GmILPA1, Encoding an APC8-like Protein, Controls Leaf Petiole Angle in Soybean.
Leaf petiole angle (LPA) is an important plant architectural trait that affects canopy coverage, photosynthetic efficiency, and ultimately productivity in many legume crops. However, the genetic basis underlying this trait remains unclear. Here, we report the identification, isolation, and functional characterization ofGlycine max Increased Leaf Petiole Angle1(GmILPA1), a gene encoding an APC8-like protein, which is a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in soybean (Glycine max). A gamma ray-induced deletion of a fragment involving the fourth exon ofGmILPA1and its flanking sequences led to extension of the third exon and formation of, to our knowledge, a novel 3'UTR from intronic and intergenic sequences. Such changes are responsible for enlarged LPAs that are associated with reduced motor cell proliferation in theGmilpa1mutant.GmILPA1is mainly expressed in the basal cells of leaf primordia and appears to function by promoting cell growth and division of the pulvinus that is critical for its establishment. GmILPA1 directly interacts with GmAPC13a as part of the putative anaphase-promoting complex.GmILPA1exhibits variable expression levels among varieties with different degrees of LPAs, and expression levels are correlated with the degrees of the LPAs. Together, these observations revealed a genetic mechanism modulating the plant petiole angle that could pave the way for modifying soybean plant architecture with optimized petiole angles for enhanced yield potential.
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.).
Jinshan
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-8800
J
Gao
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.) fengxianzhong@iga.ac.cn yangsuxin@iga.ac.cn maj@purdue.edu.
Suxin
S
Yang
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.).
Wen
W
Cheng
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.).
Yongfu
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7339-236X
Y
Fu
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.).
Jiantian
J
Leng
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.).
Xiaohui
X
Yuan
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.).
Ning
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-6669
N
Jiang
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.) fengxianzhong@iga.ac.cn yangsuxin@iga.ac.cn maj@purdue.edu.
Jianxin
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-812X
J
Ma
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.) fengxianzhong@iga.ac.cn yangsuxin@iga.ac.cn maj@purdue.edu.
Xianzhong
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7129-3731
X
Feng
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D056426:Genetic Loci; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
D010940:Plant Proteins