Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and determinants of delayed initiation of breastfeeding: secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey.
Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within 1 hour of birth can decrease neonatal death. However, the prevalence of EIBF is approximately 50% in many developing countries, and data remains unavailable for some countries. We conducted a secondary analysis using the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health to identify factors hampering EIBF. We described the coverage of EIBF among 373 health facilities for singleton neonates for whom breastfeeding was initiated after birth. Maternal and facility characteristics of EIBF were compared to those of breastfeeding >1 hour after birth, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. In total, 244,569 singleton live births without severe adverse outcomes were analysed. The EIBF prevalence varied widely among countries and ranged from 17.7% to 98.4% (average, 57.6%). There was less intra-country variation for BFI <24 hours. After adjustment, EIBF was significantly lower among women with complications during pregnancy and caesarean delivery. Globally, EIBF varied considerably across countries. Maternal complications during pregnancy, caesarean delivery and absence of postnatal/neonatal care guidelines at hospitals may affect EIBF. Our findings suggest that to better promote EIBF, special support for breastfeeding promotion is needed for women with complications during pregnancy and those who deliver by caesarean section.
Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
Kenzo
K
Takahashi
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.|Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
Togoobaatar
T
Ganchimeg
Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.|Department of Global Health Nursing, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan.
Erika
E
Ota
UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland.
Joshua P
JP
Vogel
UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland.
João Paulo
JP
Souza
Faculty of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics &Demography, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Malinee
M
Laopaiboon
Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Brazil.
Cynthia Pileggi
CP
Castro
Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, 231 De Saram Place, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka.
Kapila
K
Jayaratne
National Institute of Public Health, Center for Population Health Research, Av. Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, México.
Eduardo
E
Ortiz-Panozo
Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Pisake
P
Lumbiganon
Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
Rintaro
R
Mori
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult