Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evidence-Based Overview and Implications for Practice.
Significant research progress has been made in immunotherapies since the mid-1990s, and this rapid evolution necessitates evidence-based education on immunotherapies, their pathophysiology, and their toxicities to provide safe, effective care. .



The aim of this article is to provide an evidence-based overview, with implications for practice, of checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viral therapies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. .



Each immunotherapy category is presented according to the pathophysiology of its immune modulation, the classes of agents within each category, evidence-based toxicities associated with each class, and implications for practice. .



Immunotherapies vary in their pathophysiology and offer potential to be highly effective for the management of a wide array of cancer types. Understanding the unique pathophysiology and toxicities is necessary to assess, manage, and provide safe, effective patient-focused care.
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Virginia
V
Bayer
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Beau
B
Amaya
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Diane
D
Baniewicz
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Colleen
C
Callahan
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Lisa
L
Marsh
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Asia S
AS
McCoy
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal
immunotherapy; monoclonal antibodies; pathophysiology; toxicities 