Left Ventricular Retraining and Double Switch in Patients With Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CC-TGA) is a complex form of congenital heart defect with numerous anatomic subgroups. The majority of patients with CC-TGA are excellent candidates for a double-switch procedure. However, in the absence of an unrestrictive ventricular septal defect or subpulmonary stenosis, the left ventricle (LV) may undergo involution and require retraining prior to double switch. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with patients having CC-TGA who required LV retraining prior to a double-switch procedure.



This was a retrospective review of 24 patients with CC-TGA who were enrolled in an LV retraining program in preparation for a double-switch procedure. The median age at the time of enrollment for retraining was 11 months (range 1 month-24 years). The average left ventricle to right ventricle pressure ratio was 0.39 ± 0.07 prior to intervention. All 24 patients underwent placement of an initial pulmonary artery band (PAB) for LV retraining.



Eighteen (75%) of the 24 patients underwent a double-switch procedure with no operative mortality. Of these 18 patients, 9 had a single PAB and 9 required a second band for retraining. Six patients have not undergone a double-switch procedure to date. Five patients are good candidates for a double switch and are 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 months, and 35 months since their last PAB. One patient died from a noncardiac cause 26 months after PAB retightening. The 18 patients who underwent a double switch were followed for an average of 5 ± 1 years (range 0.1-10.3 years). There has been no late mortality, and only 2 patients required further reinterventions.



The data demonstrate that LV retraining has been highly effective in this select group of patients with CC-TGA. The data also demonstrate that the results of the double-switch procedure have been excellent at midterm follow-up. These results suggest that LV retraining and double switch offer a reliable strategy option for patients with CC-TGA.
1 Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ali N
AN
Ibrahimiye
1 Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Richard D
RD
Mainwaring
1 Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
William L
WL
Patrick
2 Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Laura
L
Downey
3 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Vamsi
V
Yarlagadda
1 Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Frank L
FL
Hanley
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000069278:Arterial Switch Operation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000080041:Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
congenital heart disease; outcomes; transposition