Multispectral Emissions of Lanthanide-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanophosphors for Cathodoluminescence and Near-Infrared Upconversion/Downconversion Imaging.
Comprehensive imaging of a biological individual can be achieved by utilizing the variation in spatial resolution, the scale of cathodoluminescence (CL), and near-infrared (NIR), as favored by imaging probe Gd₂O₃ co-doped lanthanide nanophosphors (NPPs). A series of Gd₂O₃:Ln3+/Yb3+(Ln3+: Tm3+, Ho3+, Er3+) NPPs with multispectral emission are prepared by the sol-gel method. The NPPs show a wide range of emissions spanning from the visible to the NIR region under 980 nm excitation. The dependence of the upconverting (UC)/downconverting (DC) emission intensity on the dopant ratio is investigated. The optimum ratios of dopants obtained for emissions in the NIR regions at 810 nm, 1200 nm, and 1530 nm are applied to produce nanoparticles by the homogeneous precipitation (HP) method. The nanoparticles produced from the HP method are used to investigate the dual NIR and CL imaging modalities. The results indicate the possibility of using Gd₂O₃ co-doped Ln3+/Yb3+(Ln3+: Tm3+, Ho3+, Er3+) in correlation with NIR and CL imaging. The use of Gd₂O₃ promises an extension of the object dimension to the whole-body level by employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. dkdung@bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Doan
D
Thi Kim Dung
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. syou_fukushima@sml.me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Shoichiro
S
Fukushima
Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. furukawa@insd.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Taichi
T
Furukawa
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. niioka@bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Hirohiko
H
Niioka
Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan. sannomiya.t.aa@m.titech.ac.jp.
Takumi
T
Sannomiya
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. kobayashi.kaori@d.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
Kaori
K
Kobayashi
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. h.yukawa@nanobio.nagoya-u.ac.jp.|ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. h.yukawa@nanobio.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
Hiroshi
H
Yukawa
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp.|ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp.|Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan. babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
Yoshinobu
Y
Baba
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. mamoru@me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Mamoru
M
Hashimoto
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. jun_miyake@bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Jun
J
Miyake
bio-imaging; cathodoluminescence; multimodal imaging; nanophosphors; near-infrared imaging