Toxoplasma gondiiInfection in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Toxoplasma gondiihas been suggested as an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We conducted a global meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) ofT. gondiiinfection in immunocompromised individuals. Electronic databases were reviewed forT. gondiiinfection in HIV/AIDS patients, cancer patients, and transplant recipients, and meta-analyses were conducted to calculate overall estimated prevalence and ORs using random or fixed-effects models. Totally, 72 eligible studies were included. The estimated pooled prevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in immunocompromised patients and the control was 35.9 and 24.7% (p< 0.001), with an OR of 2.24, i.e., 42.1 and 32.0% for HIV/AIDS patients and the control (p< 0.05), 26.0 and 12.1% for cancer patients and the control (p< 0.001), and 42.1 and 34.5% for transplant recipients and the control (p> 0.05), whose estimated pooled ORs were 1.92 (95% CI, 1.44-2.55), 2.89 (95% CI, 2.36-3.55), and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.16-1.95), respectively. This study is the first to demonstrate that the immunocompromised patients are associated with higher odds ofT. gondiiinfection, and appropriate prevention and control measures are highly recommended for these susceptible populations.
College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China.
Ze-Dong
ZD
Wang
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China.
Huan-Huan
HH
Liu
Department of Emergency Medicine, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital Yakeshi, China.
Zhan-Xi
ZX
Ma
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China.
Hong-Yu
HY
Ma
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China.
Zhong-Yu
ZY
Li
Medical Library of the Chinese people's Liberation Army Beijing, China.
Zhi-Bin
ZB
Yang
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou, China.
Xing-Quan
XQ
Zhu
Center for Prevention and Control of Animal Diseases of Banan District in Chongqing Chongqing, China.
Bin
B
Xu
College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun, China.
Feng
F
Wei
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of EducationChangchun, China.
Quan
Q
Liu
HIV/AIDS patients; Toxoplasma gondii; cancer patients; immunocompromised patients; odds ratio; prevalence; transplant recipients