Untranslated regions (UTRs) orchestrate translation reprogramming in cellular stress responses.
Stress is the result of an organism's interaction with environmental challenges. Regulations of gene expression including translation modulations are critical for adaptation and survival under stress. Untranslated regions (UTRs) of the transcripts play significant roles in translation regulation and continue to raise many intriguing questions in our understanding of cellular stress physiology. IRES (Internal ribosome entry site) and uORF (upstream open reading frame) mediated alternative translation initiations are emerging as unique mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed novel means of mRNAs stabilization in stress granules and their reversible modifications. Differential regulation of select transcripts is possible by the interplay between the adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in 3'UTR with their binding proteins (AUBP) and by microRNA-mediated effects. Coordination of these various mechanisms control translation and thereby enables appropriate responses to environmental stress. In this review, we focus on the role of sequence signatures both at 5' and 3'UTRs in translation reprogramming during cellular stress responses.
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India. Electronic address: bsajjanar@niam.res.in.
Basavaraj
B
Sajjanar
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, UP 250001, India. Electronic address: drrajibdeb@gmail.com.
Rajib
R
Deb
ICAR, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190007, India.
Susheel Kumar
SK
Raina
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India.
Sachin
S
Pawar
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India.
Manoj P
MP
Brahmane
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India.
Avinash V
AV
Nirmale
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India.
Nitin P
NP
Kurade
ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India.
Gundallahalli B
GB
Manjunathareddy
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India.
Santanu Kumar
SK
Bal
School of Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, MH 413115, India.
Narendra Pratap
NP
Singh
D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000067556:Internal Ribosome Entry Sites; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological
D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000067556:Internal Ribosome Entry Sites; D012333:RNA, Messenger
RNA motifs; Stress granules; Stress responses; Translation regulation