Enantioselective degradation of alpha-cypermethrin and detection of its metabolites in bullfrog (rana catesbeiana).
Bullfrog, as a kind of amphibians, can be easily exposed to varied pollutants in the environment for the reason of its habitats and highly permeable skin. We investigated the degradation kinetics and residues of α-cypermethrin in bullfrog by two different methods of administration for the environmental monitoring the behavior of one of the most used pesticides in the amphibians. The oral administration and water exposure of α-cypermethrin on bullfrog was studied in this work. α-Cypermethrin and its main metabolites of cis-3-(2',2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), which have been determined that having correlation with a number of epidemic diseases, were detected simultaneously. The method for residue analysis in the bullfrog's organs was validated. The average recoveries for α-cypermethrin were ranged from 71.7% to 100.3% and the limit of quantification was 0.005mg/kg. The average recoveries of its metabolites at levels between 0.002 and 0.5mg/kg ranged between 77.9% and 102.4% with a limit of quantification of 0.002mg/kg. Furthermore, the enantiomers of α-cypermethrin were separated on gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a chiral column of BGB-172 and the metabolites were detected by gas chromatography (GC) after derivatization. After exposure of α-cypermethrin on bullfrog, the enantioselective degradation behavior was observed and its metabolites were detected in bullfrog tissues. The dynamic trends of α-cypermethrin and its metabolites were fitted to a two-compartment model except 3-PBA fitting to one-compartment model in skin. Concentration of α-cypermethrin and its metabolites in bullfrog's organs increased and reached an equilibrium state during water exposure of α-cypermethrin. Liver and kidney were the major organs for α-cypermethrin and its metabolites retention in both experiments.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Guojun
G
Yao
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Xu
X
Jing
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Chang
C
Liu
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Peng
P
Wang
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Xueke
X
Liu
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Yinzhu
Y
Hou
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
ZhiQiang
Z
Zhou
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: liudh@cau.edu.cn.
Donghui
D
Liu
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
D001565:Benzoates; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017160:cypermethrin; C069616:3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid
Bullfrog; Food safety; Oral administration; Water exposure; α-cypermethrin