Effect of waterpipe tobacco smoking on airway inflammation in murine model of asthma.
There has been an increase in the popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) worldwide, especially in the younger population, including asthma patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of waterpipe smoking on airway inflammation, cytokine levels and oxidative stress markers in an antigen-driven murine model of asthma.



Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; (1) control (received fresh air, ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (2) WTS (received WTS, ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (3) Ova S/C (received fresh air, ovalbumin sensitization and ovalbumin challenge) and (4) simultaneous WTS and Ova S/C (received WTS, ovalbumin sensitization and ovalbumin challenge). Airway inflammatory cells were evaluated in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Cytokines [interleukin (IL)-13, 10 and 18] and oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were evaluated in the lung homogenates.



Chronic exposure to WTS significantly increased the number of airway inflammatory cells in mice, specifically: eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. The level of IL-13 in the lungs was increased and the level of IL-10 was reduced (p < 0.05) by WTS. Chronic WTS potentiated the increase in inflammatory cells induced by Ova S/C (p < 0.05). The level of IL-13 in the lungs was increased by simultaneous WTS and Ova S/C (p < 0.05) while, levels of IL-10, IL-18, SOD, catalase and GPx in the lungs were not affected.



Chronic WTS exposure induced airway inflammation in control mice and enhanced airway inflammation in murine model of asthma.
a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Nour A
NA
Al-Sawalha
a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Ala'a M
AM
Migdadi
a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Karem H
KH
Alzoubi
b Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.|c Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taibah University , Medina , Saudi Arabia.
Omar F
OF
Khabour
d Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Petra , Amman , Jordan.
Nidal A
NA
Qinna
D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000073867:Water Pipe Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D010047:Ovalbumin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
Cytokines; eosinophils; inflammatory cells; murine model of asthma; ovalbumin; oxidative stress; waterpipe smoking