Hierarchically Aligning 10 Legume Genomes Establishes a Family-Level Genomics Platform.
Mainly due to their economic importance, genomes of 10 legumes, including soybean (Glycine max), wild peanut (Arachis duranensisandArachis ipaensis), and barrel medic (Medicago truncatula), have been sequenced. However, a family-level comparative genomics analysis has been unavailable. With grape (Vitis vinifera) and selected legume genomes as outgroups, we managed to perform a hierarchical and event-related alignment of these genomes and deconvoluted layers of homologous regions produced by ancestral polyploidizations or speciations. Consequently, we illustrated genomic fractionation characterized by widespread gene losses after the polyploidizations. Notably, high similarity in gene retention between recently duplicated chromosomes in soybean supported the likely autopolyploidy nature of its tetraploid ancestor. Moreover, although most gene losses were nearly random, largely but not fully described by geometric distribution, we showed that polyploidization contributed divergently to the copy number variation of important gene families. Besides, we showed significantly divergent evolutionary levels among legumes and, by performing synonymous nucleotide substitutions at synonymous sites correction, redated major evolutionary events during their expansion. This effort laid a solid foundation for further genomics exploration in the legume research community and beyond. We describe only a tiny fraction of legume comparative genomics analysis that we performed; more information was stored in the newly constructed Legume Comparative Genomics Research Platform (www.legumegrp.org).
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Jinpeng
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-7752
J
Wang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Pengchuan
P
Sun
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Yuxian
Y
Li
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Yinzhe
Y
Liu
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Jigao
J
Yu
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Xuelian
X
Ma
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Sangrong
S
Sun
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Nanshan
N
Yang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Ruiyan
R
Xia
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Tianyu
T
Lei
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Xiaojian
X
Liu
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Beibei
B
Jiao
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Yue
Y
Xing
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Weina
W
Ge
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Li
L
Wang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Zhenyi
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-3400
Z
Wang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Xiaoming
X
Song
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Min
M
Yuan
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Di
D
Guo
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Lan
L
Zhang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Jiaqi
J
Zhang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Dianchuan
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0103-9690
D
Jin
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Wei
W
Chen
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Yuxin
Y
Pan
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Tao
T
Liu
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Ling
L
Jin
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Jinshuai
J
Sun
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Jiaxiang
J
Yu
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Rui
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-1692
R
Cheng
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Xueqian
X
Duan
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Shaoqi
S
Shen
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Jun
J
Qin
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Meng-Chen
MC
Zhang
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Andrew H
AH
Paterson
School of Life Sciences (J.W., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., X.M., S.Su., N.Y., R.X., T.Le., X.L., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., Y.P., J.S., J.Y., R.C., X.D., S.Sh., X.W.) and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology (J.W., P.S., Y.Li, Y.Liu, J.Y., S.Su., N.Y., T.Le., B.J., Y.X., W.G., L.W., Z.W., X.S., M.Y., D.G., L.Z., J.Z., D.J., W.C., Y.P., T.Li., L.J., J.Y., X.W.), North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.|Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China (J.Q., M.Z.); and.|Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605 (A.P.).
Xiyin
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-0374
X
Wang
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D011123:Polyploidy; D013045:Species Specificity