In vitro effect of two commercial anti-coccidial drugs against myxospores of Kudoa septempunctata genotype ST3 (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida).
Kudoa septempunctata (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) myxospores infect the trunk muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, two popular commercially formulated anti-coccidial drugs (amprolium hydrochloride and toltrazuril) were serially diluted and incubated with purified mature Kudoa septempunctata myxospores. The viability of K. septempunctata spores was determined after a 2-day incubation followed by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Amprolium hydrochloride significantly decreased spore viability (18% of control) at a concentration of 920 μg/mL, whereas toltrazuril showed almost no effect (83% of control). Viability of the control (untreated spores) was 90%. In vivo studies are required to confirm the efficacy of amprolium hydrochloride in fish infected with K. septempunctata myxospores on their growth and immune system performance.
School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
Meejung
M
Ahn
Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea.
Seunghwan
S
Won
Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea.
Bongjo
B
Kang
Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea.
Po
P
Gong
Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea.
Eunho
E
Yoo
Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Laboratory, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
Subramanian
S
Dharaneedharan
Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea.
Yeounghwan
Y
Jang
D000670:Amprolium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D005432:Flounder / Q000469:parasitology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D055764:Myxozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D011419:Propidium; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013170:Spores / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
D001562:Benzimidazoles; D003049:Coccidiostats; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D014227:Triazines; D011419:Propidium; D000670:Amprolium; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride; C036670:toltrazuril