Graphene-Enabled Electrodes for Electrocardiogram Monitoring.
The unique parameters of graphene (GN)-notably its considerable electron mobility, high surface area, and electrical conductivity-are bringing extensive attention into the wearable technologies. This work presents a novel graphene-based electrode for acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG). The proposed electrode was fabricated by coating GN on top of a metallic layer of a Ag/AgCl electrode using a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique. To investigate the performance of the fabricated GN-based electrode, two types of electrodes were fabricated with different sizes to conduct the signal qualities and the skin-electrode contact impedance measurements. Performances of the GN-enabled electrodes were compared to the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of ECG signal quality, skin-electrode contact impedance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and response time. Experimental results showed the proposed GN-based electrodes produced better ECG signals, higher SNR (improved by 8%), and lower contact impedance (improved by 78%) values than conventional ECG electrodes.
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK. numan.celik@brunel.ac.uk.
Numan
N
Celik
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK. nadarajah.manivannan@brunel.ac.uk.
Nadarajah
N
Manivannan
2-Dtech, Core Technology Facility, Incubator Building, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. andrew.strudwick@2-dtech.com.
Andrew
A
Strudwick
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK. wamadeva.balachandran@brunel.ac.uk.
Wamadeva
W
Balachandran
Raman spectroscopy; contact impedance; dry electrodes; electrocardiogram (ECG); graphene; long-term monitoring