Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Gene Is a Feature of Poorly Differentiated Non-muscle-invasive Urothelial Cell Bladder Carcinomas.
To evaluate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene expression in non-muscle-invasive urothelial cell bladder carcinoma (NMIBC).



Seventy-four patients undergoing surgical treatment for NMIBC were enrolled in the study. IDO gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).



IDO gene expression was detectable significantly more frequently (48/74, 64.86% vs. 5/21, 23.81%, p<0.001) and to significantly higher extents (p=0.01) in cancer tissues than in normal bladder mucosa. IDO gene expression was observed significantly more frequently in large (p=0.02), high-grade (p=0.05) and stage T1 (p=0.03) than in small, low-grade and stage Ta tumors. Expression levels were also significantly higher in large, high-grade and stage T1 tumors (p<0.01, p=0.05 and p=0.03, respectively). A direct positive correlation between IDO gene expression in tumor tissues and tumor size (R=0.24, p=0.04), grade (R=0.23, p=0.05) and stage (R=0.25, p=0.03) was detected. Multivariate analysis suggested a trend (p=0.08) towards longer overall survival in patients bearing tumors that did not express IDO gene.



These data indicate that IDO gene expression is a feature of aggressive NMIBC, suggesting a potential immunosuppressive role of IDO.
Department of Urology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia tvrtkohudolin@gmail.com.
Tvrtko
T
Hudolin
Department of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Chantal
C
Mengus
Department of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Julie
J
Coulot
Department of Urology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
Zeljko
Z
Kastelan
Department of Urology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
Ahmad
A
El-Saleh
Department of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Giulio C
GC
Spagnoli
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D019459:Urothelium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
C576710:IDO1 protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; polymerase chain reaction