Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.
Virgin olive oil (VOO) constitutes the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. VOO is rich in oleic acid, displaying health-promoting properties, but also contains minor bioactive components, especially phenolic compounds. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol of olive oil, has been reported to be the most bioactive component. This review aims to compile the results of clinical, animal and cell culture studies evaluating the effects of HT on the features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) (body weight/adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). HT was able to improve the lipid profile, glycaemia, and insulin sensitivity, and counteract oxidative and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies identified multiple molecular targets for HT conferring its beneficial effect on health in spite of its low bioavailability. However, rodent experiments and clinical trials with pure HT at biologically relevant concentrations are still lacking. Moreover, the roles of intestine and its gut microbiota have not been elucidated.
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France. julien.peyrol@univ-avignon.fr.
Julien
J
Peyrol
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France. catherine.riva@univ-avignon.fr.
Catherine
C
Riva
Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.|Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Markets, Organisations, Institutions, Stakeholder Strategies, F-34060 Montpellier, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.|Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, F-34060 Montpellier, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.|Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, F-34060 Montpellier, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.|Montpellier SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.|Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Division of Nutrtition, Chemical Food Safety and Consumer Behaviour, F-75015 Paris, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75015 Paris, France. marie-josephe.amiot.carlin@inra.fr.
Marie Josèphe
MJ
Amiot
D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology
D000975:Antioxidants; D000069463:Olive Oil; D059808:Polyphenols; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
body weight; dyslipidemia; hydroxytyrosol; hyperglycemia; hypertension; inflammation; oleuropein; olive oil; oxidative stress; tyrosol