Subtotal cholecystectomy for the hostile gallbladder: failure to control the cystic duct results in significant morbidity.
Outcomes following the inability to control the cystic duct due to a hostile triangle of Calot during cholecystectomy remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of subtotal cholecystectomy, with attention to the necessity for secondary interventions.



Sixteen thousand five hundred ninety six cholecystectomies from January 2002 to August 2014 were reviewed, identifying patients managed with subtotal cholecystectomy, defined as the inability to isolate/transect the cystic duct. After propensity matching, we investigated surgical indications, perioperative outcomes, and the necessity for secondary ERCP, percutaneous drainage, and completion cholecystectomy.



65 (0.39%) patients underwent subtotal cholecystectomy; 54 (83.1%) began laparoscopically, of which 30 (55.6%) required conversion to laparotomy. Subtotal cholecystectomy, performed more frequently for acute cholecystitis (70.8% vs 34.6%), was associated with extended hospitalizations (4 d vs 2 d) and frequent surgical site infections (20% vs 4.6%). 25 (38.5%) subtotal cholecystectomy patients required ≥1 secondary intervention, and compared to standard cholecystectomy, underwent higher rates postoperative ERCP (30.8% vs 5.4%), percutaneous drainage (9.2% vs 1.5%), and completion cholecystectomy (6.2% vs 0%) [all P < 0.05].



Subtotal cholecystectomy fails to control the cystic duct, resulting in significant morbidity. Most do not require completion cholecystectomy; however, patients demand close observation and, frequently, secondary interventions.
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: michael.lidsky@duke.edu.
Michael E
ME
Lidsky
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Paul J
PJ
Speicher
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Brian
B
Ezekian
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Edwin W
EW
Holt
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Daniel P
DP
Nussbaum
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Anthony W
AW
Castleberry
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Alexander
A
Perez
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA.
Theodore N
TN
Pappas
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D003549:Cystic Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome