title: Members of the Oral Microbiota Are Associated with IL-8 Release by Gingival Epithelial Cells in Healthy Individuals.
abstract: The triggers for the onset of oral diseases are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral bacterial community in healthy humans and its association with nutrition, oral hygiene habits, and the release of the inflammatory marker IL-8 from gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with and without stimulation by bacterial endotoxins to identify possible indicator operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with inflammatory marker status. GECs from 21 healthy participants (13 females, 8 males) were incubated with or without addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and the oral microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene-targeted sequencing. The basal IL-8 release after 6 h was between 9.9 and 98.2 pg/ml, and bacterial communities were characteristic for healthy oral microbiota. The composition of the oral microbiota was associated with basal IL-8 levels, the intake of meat, tea, white wine, sweets and the use of chewing gum, as well as flossing habits, allergies, gender and body mass index. Additionally, eight OTUs were associated with high basal levels of IL-8 and GEC response to LPS, with high basal levels of IL-8, and 1 with low basal levels of IL8. The identification of indicator bacteria in healthy subjects with high levels of IL-8 release is of importance as they may be promising early warning indicators for the possible onset of oral diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Research Network "Chemistry Meets Microbiology", University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy; Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Research Network "Chemistry Meets Microbiology", University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Research Network "Chemistry Meets Microbiology", University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Somoza
keywords: IL-8; healthy humans; inflammation; nutrition; oral microbiota