title: Vitamin D Levels Do Not Predict Risk of Metatarsal Fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the literature, there is conflicting data regarding the relationship between vitamin D and fractures. Reports on the effects of vitamin D levels on pathologies of the foot and ankle are limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients who have sustained low-energy metatarsal fractures compared to foot or ankle sprains without osseous involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2012 and August 2014, vitamin D levels and demographic data were collected prospectively in a total of 99 patients; 71 with metatarsal fractures and 28 with sprains, both from a low-energy mechanism of injury. Data between the metatarsal fracture group and sprain group were compared through univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean vitamin D in the fracture group was 26.9 ng/mL (range = 78.0-4.3), and in the sprain group it was 27.1 ng/mL (range = 64.1-8.3; P = .93). Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) was present in 47 (66%) of fracture patients and 20 (71%) of sprain patients ( P = .81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high incidence of hypovitaminosis D was seen in all foot and ankle patients. There was no difference in mean vitamin D level or incidence of vitamin D insufficiency between patients with metatarsal fractures or sprains resulting from similar low-energy mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III: Prospective, case-control study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (BRW, SAA).|HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota (AJT).|Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery (RCC) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (SAA, TJB), Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (BRW, SAA).|HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota (AJT).|Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery (RCC) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (SAA, TJB), Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Avis J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (BRW, SAA).|HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota (AJT).|Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery (RCC) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (SAA, TJB), Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (BRW, SAA).|HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota (AJT).|Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery (RCC) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (SAA, TJB), Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Troy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Boffeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (BRW, SAA).|HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota (AJT).|Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery (RCC) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (SAA, TJB), Regions Hospital, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D064386:Ankle Fractures / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; hypovitaminosis; metatarsal fractures; vitamin D