title: Behavior of prostate cancer cells in a nanohydroxyapatite/collagen bone scaffold.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death among men in Europe and U.S. The metastatic dissemination pattern of PCa is unique, developing bone metastasis as the only site of progression, consequently with a prognosis very poor. The cancer cells interactions within the surrounding bone environment are critical for tumor growth and progression. Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is described to be involved in PCa cells migration and invasion into bone. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro systems that are able to closely resemble the in vivo microenvironment are recently taking importance in cancer research. Original nanohydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds were designed to resemble bone microenvironment in order to be applied as substitutes in bone defects and as potential biomaterials to mimic skeletal tumors. In fact, these 3D structures were cytocompatible and able to support osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) colonization and to promote bone ingrowth. Additionally, SPARC adsorption onto the scaffolds affected PC3 and LNCaP PCa cell lines behavior. PC3 cells were found to adapt and colonize the scaffolds, differing from LNCaP where cells underwent morphogenic changes and grew as clusters. Furthermore, for the tested SPARC concentration, SPARC plays a role in retaining LNCaP cells at the latter time points while with PC3 cells no significant differences were observed. This characterization study is required to establish a bone model to provide new insights into the poorly understood PCa mechanisms of metastasis to bone and the generation of improved therapies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2035-2046, 2017.
authors.affiliation: i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.|INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Divisão de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.|Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cruz-Neves
authors.affiliation: i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.|INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Divisão de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.|Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nilza
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto Politécnico do Porto, ESTSP-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Graça
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.|Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jerónimo
authors.affiliation: i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.|INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Divisão de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.|ISEP-Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.|INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Divisão de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.|Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015676:Osteonectin; C577241:SPARC protein, human; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: MC3T3-E1; SPARC; bone metastasis; nanohydroxyapatite/collagen scaffold; prostate cancer; tumor 3D model