title: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models to Study T Cell Migration Through the Human Liver Parenchyma.
abstract: The liver is the largest internal organ and filters around 3 pints of blood per minute. This continuous flux of blood should not be confused with rapid egress of lymphocytes through the liver; this organ has intricate corridors of specialized sinusoidal spaces, ensuring that immune cells decelerate to shear flow rates, and providing ample opportunities to interact with parenchymal cells. Migration has been intricately linked to T cell function; it is therefore important to study liver T cell biology into context within the liver microenvironment. Here we discuss the highly organized architecture of liver-resident cells (sinusoidal endothelia, Kupffer cells, stellate cells/myofibroblasts, and biliary and hepatic epithelia) and showcase basic, multicellular, and complex systems to model T cell migration through the human liver microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Immunity and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aliazis
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hirschfield
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Immunity and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Lalor
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research, Immunity and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. z.stamataki@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Zania
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stamataki
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology; D004727:Endothelium / Q000276:immunology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology*; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D000072356:Parenchymal Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Adhesion; Cell culture; Coculture; Cytokines; Inflammation; Liver; Liver wedge; Lymphocytes; Migration; Perfusion; Peristaltic pump; T cells