title: Temperature-Responsive Ionic Liquids: Fundamental Behaviors and Catalytic Applications.
abstract: Temperature-responsive ionic liquids (ILs), their fundanmental behaviors, and catalytic applications were introduced, especially the concepts of upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and lower critical solution temperature (LCST). It is described that, during a catalytic reaction, they form a homogeneous mixture with the reactants and products at reaction temperature but separate from them afterward at ambient conditions. It is shown that this behavior offers an effective alternative approach to overcome gas/liquid-solid interface mass transfer limitations in many catalytic transformations. It should be noted that IL-based thermomorphic systems are rarely elaborated until now, especially in the field of catalytic applications. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review about thermomorphic mixtures of an IL with H2O and/or organic compounds. Special focus is laid on their temperature dependence concerning UCST and LCST behavior, including systems with conventional ILs, metal-containing ILs, polymerized ILs, as well as the thermomorphic behavior induced via host-guest complexation. A wide range of applications using thermoregulated IL systems in chemical catalytic reactions as well as enzymatic catalysis were also demonstrated in detail. The conclusion is drawn that, due to their highly attractive behavior, thermoregulated ILs have already and will find more applications, not only in catalysis but also in other areas.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
authors.forename: Yunxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Theyssen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenshan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-6804
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou