title: Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose to Gluconic Acid over Activated Carbon-Supported Gold Clusters.
abstract: The catalytic performance of the atomically precise gold cluster-Au38(PET)24(PET=2-phenylethanethiolate), immobilized on activated carbon (AC), was investigated for the aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The Au38(PET)24/AC-120 catalysts, annealed at 120 °C in air, exhibited high catalytic activity and significantly better performance than the corresponding catalysts Au38/AC-150 and Au38/AC-300 (treated at 150 and 300 °C to remove the protecting thiolate ligands). The high activity of the robust Au cluster was a result of the partial ligand removal, providing catalytically active sites, which were evidenced by TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Au38(PET)24/AC-120 also showed excellent recyclability (up to seven cycles). The turnover frequency for the Au38(PET)24/AC-120 catalyst was 5440 h-1, which is higher than for the Pd/AC, Pd-Bi/AC, and Au/AC under identical reaction conditions. This new ultra-small gold nanomaterial is expected to find wide application in other catalytic oxidations.
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiahui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chaolei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Gold Catalysis Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Masatake
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haruta
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D005942:Gluconates / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D005942:Gluconates; D002606:Charcoal; D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose; C030691:gluconic acid
keywords: aerobic oxidation; clusters; gluconic acid; glucose; gold