title: Stalling autophagy: a new function forListeriaphospholipases.
abstract: Listeria monocytogenesis a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that induces its own uptake in non-phagocytic cells. Following invasion,Listeriaescapes from the entry vacuole through the secretion of a pore-forming toxin, listeriolysin O (LLO) that acts to damage and disrupt the vacuole membrane.Listeriathen replicates in the cytosol and is able to spread from cell-to-cell using actin-based motility. In addition to LLO,Listeriaproduces two phospholipase toxins, a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, encoded byplcB) and a broad-range phospholipase C (PC-PLC, encoded byplcA), which contribute to bacterial virulence. It has long been recognized that secretion of PI- and PC-PLC enables the disruption of the double membrane vacuole during cell-to-cell spread, and those phospholipases have also been shown to augment LLO-dependent escape from the entry endosome. However, a specific role forListeriaphospholipases during the cytosolic stage of infection has not been previously reported. In a recent study, we demonstrated thatListeriaPI-PLC and PC-PLC contribute to the bacterial escape from autophagy through a mechanism that involves direct inhibition of the autophagic flux in the infected cells [Tattoliet al.EMBO J (2013), 32, 3066-3078].
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, M6G 2T6, Toronto, Canada. ; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, M6G 2T6, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tattoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, M6G 2T6, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sorbara
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, M6G 2T6, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Dana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Philpott
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, M6G 2T6, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Girardin
keywords: Autophagy; Listeria; mTOR