title: High stathmin 1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and chemoradiation resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein regulating microtubule dynamics, thereby playing an important role in cancer progression and resistance to microtubule-binding anticancer agents. We assessed the prognostic significance of STMN1 expression and STMN1-associated resistance to docetaxel and radiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. STMN1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 172 surgical specimens. The association of STMN1 expression with chemoradiation resistance using docetaxel was examined by comparing expression in 15 biopsy specimens obtained before neoadjuvant therapy to histological grades of post-therapy surgically resected tumors. We also evaluated the effects of STMN1 on sensitivity to docetaxel and radiation in ESCC cell lines. High STMN1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Survival rates were significantly lower in ESCC patients with high STMN1 expression than in those with low STMN1 expression. Multivariable analysis showed that high STMN1 expression was an independent factor for poor survival. High STMN1 expression was also associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using docetaxel. Knockdown of STMN1 expression enhanced ESCC cell line sensitivity to docetaxel and radiation. STMN1 appears critical for ESCC invasiveness and predicts an unfavorable prognosis in ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigemasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokobori
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Bolag
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Altan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Naritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sohda
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Halin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaira
authors.affiliation: Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research (GIAR), Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwano