title: Laser frequency stabilization by combining modulation transfer and frequency modulation spectroscopy.
abstract: We present a hybrid laser frequency stabilization method combining modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) and frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) for the cesium D2transition. In a typical pump-probe setup, the error signal is a combination of the DC-coupled MTS error signal and the AC-coupled FMS error signal. This combines the long-term stability of the former with the high signal-to-noise ratio of the latter. In addition, we enhance the long-term frequency stability with laser intensity stabilization. By measuring the frequency difference between two independent hybrid spectroscopies, we investigate the short-and long-term stability. We find a long-term stability of 7.8 kHz characterized by a standard deviation of the beating frequency drift over the course of 10 h and a short-term stability of 1.9 kHz characterized by an Allan deviation of that at 2 s of integration time.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zi
authors.forename: Xuejian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Weicheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Chenghui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budker
authors.forename: Xuanhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Müller