title: Bioaccessibility of phytoene and phytofluene is superior to other carotenoids from selected fruit and vegetable juices.
abstract: Phytoene and phytofluene are major abundant dietary carotenoids largely ignored in the context of agro-food and health. The bioaccessibility of phytoene and phytofluene in tomato, carrot, blood orange (sanguinello cultivar), and apricot juices was analysed following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion with coffee cream as a lipid source, and compared with that of other main carotenoids from these matrices. The bioaccessibility of phytoene and phytofluene, and also total carotenoid bioaccessibility, followed the order: sanguinello>apricot>tomato>carrot. Phytoene was consistently the carotenoid with the highest bioaccessibility, up to 97%, generally followed by phytofluene. The higher bioaccessibility of these carotenoids could mainly be due to their marked difference in chemical structure and matrix distribution. For most juices, cis-isomers presented a higher bioaccessibility than their all-trans counterparts (P<0.05). The dietary source that provided highest amounts of potentially absorbable phytoene/phytofluene was by far tomato juice (5mg/250mL juice).
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Innovation Dpt., Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mapelli-Brahm
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Innovation Dpt., Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Population Health Dpt., Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corte-Real
authors.affiliation: Food Colour & Quality Lab., Dpt. of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: ajmelendez@us.es.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meléndez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Innovation Dpt., Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Population Health Dpt., Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bohn
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids; C003140:phytofluene; C100185:(all-E) phytoene
keywords: Bioavailability; Colourless carotenoids; Digestion; Food matrix; Geometrical (cis/trans) isomers; Lycopene (PubChem CID: 446925); Phytoene (PubChem CID: 5280784); Phytofluene (PubChem CID: 6436722); α-Carotene (PubChem CID: 4369188); β-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489); β-Cryptoxanthin (PubChem CID: 5281235)