title: Nongalenic pial arteriovenous fistula: Prenatal diagnosis.
abstract: Pial arteriovenous (AV) fistulae have rarely been diagnosed in utero. They are characterized by one or more pial arteries flowing directly into a cortical vein without any shunt or interposed capillary bed. In the fetus and the newborn up to 2 years of age, the most common clinical manifestation is heart failure resulting from fistula overload. Later on, hydrocephalus, focal neurologic deficits, headaches, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage are the most common manifestations. We present a case of nongalenic pial AV fistula diagnosed in the 25th week of pregnancy, which resulted in intrauterine fetal death due to congestive heart failure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:621-625, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Unidad de Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Calle Manuel de Falla n°1., 28222, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-9892
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Payo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Unidad de Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Calle Manuel de Falla n°1., 28222, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sancho Saúco
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Radiología, Unidad de Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Unidad de Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Calle Manuel de Falla n°1., 28222, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Tirso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pérez Medina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*
keywords: cerebral AV malformation; congenital pial AV fistula; prenatal RMN; prenatal diagnosis