title: Future Advances in Spine Surgery: The AOSpine North America Perspective.
abstract: This focus issue highlights state-of-the-art techniques, equipment, and practices in the modern era of spine surgery while providing a glimpse into the next generation of patient care. A broad range of topics are presented to cover the full spectrum of the field. Degenerative diseases are discussed in a series of 3 articles on (1) pathophysiology, management, and surgical approaches to degenerative cervical myelopathy; (2) novel approaches to degenerative thoracolumbar disease (eg, interspinous process spacers, minimally invasive/endoscopic approaches); and (3) animal models and emerging therapeutics in degenerative disk disease. Also included is a unique study aiming to establish the critically important cost-benefit relationship for spine procedures with perspectives on how value is defined and how to address variability.Primary and metastatic spine oncology are reviewed with a focus on upcoming targeted biologics, subspecialized radiotherapy (eg, proton-beam, carbon-ion, stereotactic radiosurgery), genetic profiling to stratify risk, and morbidity-reducing surgical approaches (eg, minimally invasive/endoscopic resections, percutaneous instrumentation). Trauma is discussed in 2 high-quality papers on controversies in spinal trauma and neuroprotective/neuroregenerative interventions for traumatic spinal cord injury. A stimulating article on cervical, thoracolumbar, and pediatric deformity highlights the rapid evolution of deformity surgery with a look at innovative tools (eg, high-fidelity 3-dimensional reconstructions, magnetically controlled growing rods) and their impact on quality of life. Additionally, a must-read article on surgical site infections discusses key risk factors and evidence-based preventative techniques to remain aware of. Finally, cutting-edge technologies, including computer-assisted navigation, shared-control robotics, neuromodulation, novel osteobiologics, and biomaterials, are covered in detail in a series of 3 fascinating papers on the next generation of the field.Each section intends to highlight the salient literature and afford insights from multiple key thought leaders in an effort to minimize bias and provide varied perspectives. Overall, we hope this issue provides high-quality, evidence-based data relevant to trainees and practicing surgeons while also stimulating excitement about the future of spine surgery.
authors.affiliation: Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fehlings
authors.affiliation: Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopaedic and Neurological Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Wellington
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harrop
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000639:trends*; D009656:North America; D011788:Quality of Life; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Biomaterials; Deformity; Degenerative; Infection; Myelopathy; Neuromodulation; Oncology; Review; Robotics; Spine; Surgery; Trauma