title: Association between proximal internal carotid artery steno-occlusive disease and diffuse wall thickening in its petrous segment: a magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant stenosis or occlusion in carotid arteries may lead to diffuse wall thickening (DWT) in the arterial wall of downstream. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) steno-occlusive disease and DWT in ipsilateral petrous ICA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptomatic patients with atherosclerotic stenosis (>0%) in proximal ICA were recruited and underwent carotid MR vessel wall imaging. The 3D motion sensitized-driven equilibrium prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D-MERGE) was acquired for characterizing the wall thickness and longitudinal extent of the lesions in petrous ICA and the distance from proximal lesion to the petrous ICA. The stenosis degree in proximal ICA was measured on the time-of-flight (TOF) images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 166 carotid arteries from 125 patients (mean age 61.0 ± 10.5 years, 99 males) were eligible for final analysis and 64 showed DWT in petrous ICAs. The prevalence of severe DWT in petrous ICA was 1.4%, 5.3%, 5.9%, and 80.4% in ipsilateral proximal ICAs with stenosis category of 1%-49%, 50%-69%, 70%-99%, and total occlusion, respectively. Proximal ICA stenosis was significantly correlated with the wall thickness in petrous ICA (r = 0.767, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that proximal ICA stenosis was independently associated with DWT in ipsilateral petrous ICA (odds ratio (OR) = 2.459, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.896-3.189, P < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal ICA steno-occlusive disease is independently associated with DWT in ipsilateral petrous ICA.
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huilin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zhensen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Huiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Dongye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Philips Research China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zechen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.|Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China. xihaizhao@tsinghua.edu.cn.|Center for Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. xihaizhao@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xihai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Internal carotid artery; MRI; Stenosis; Vessel wall edema