title: Composition and leishmanicidal activity of the essential oil of Vernonia polyanthes Less (Asteraceae).
abstract: The composition of the essential oil (EO) from leaves of Vernonia polyanthes and the evaluation of its leishmanicidal potential are reported here for the first time. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation was analysed by combination of GC and GC/MS. Thirty-five compounds were identified, representing 91.8% of the oil composition. The oil consists primarily of monoterpenes (37.1%), sesquiterpenes (26.3%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (23.9%), myrcene (34.3%), zerumbone (15.8%), bicyclogermacrene (8.9%), α-humulene (4.8%) and germacrene D (4.3%) being the major constituents. Activity against Leishmania infantum was determined using the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric method. The oil, as well as zerumbone, one of its major constituents, showed significant leishmanicidal activity, with IC50values of 19.4 and 9.0 μg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity in macrophages cells was evaluated using the MTT colorimetric assay. The EO showed the CC50< 10 μg/ml to macrophages cells.
authors.affiliation: a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Araraquara , Brasil.
authors.forename: Raquel Regina Duarte
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-7402
authors.initials: RRD
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: b Faculdade de Farmácia , Fundação Educacional de Barretos UNIFEB , Barretos , Brasil.
authors.forename: Gilmarcio Zimmermann
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: e Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varandas
authors.affiliation: c Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Paraná , Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.affiliation: a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Araraquara , Brasil.
authors.forename: Caio Humberto
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.affiliation: b Faculdade de Farmácia , Fundação Educacional de Barretos UNIFEB , Barretos , Brasil.
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roncoli
authors.affiliation: e Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria do Céu
authors.initials: MDC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: c Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Paraná , Brasil.
authors.forename: Celso Vataru
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: d Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular , Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.|e Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Lígia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.affiliation: d Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular , Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.|e Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavaleiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D035741:Vernonia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: Leishmania infantum; Vernonia polyanthes; essential oil; leishmanicidal activity; zerumbone