title: Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 3 Years for Predicting IQ at 5-6 Years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive value of the 36-month Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) score for IQ score at age 5 to 6 years in the general population and to identify factors associated with IQ <85 once the ASQ score is taken into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 939 children enrolled in a population-based prospective cohort study. Developmental outcomes at 36 months were assessed via the ASQ and at 5 to 6 years via the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. The ASQ threshold was identified via the receiver operating characteristic curve. Additional predictive factors to obtain an IQ <85 were investigated, and their interaction with ASQ score was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine children (7.3%) had an IQ <85. A 36-month ASQ score threshold of 270 was optimal to identify children with an IQ <85 at 5 to 6 years, with a 0.77 ± 0.11 sensitivity and 0.68 ± 0.03 specificity. Maternal educational level and occupational activity at the time of ASQ completion were associated with the risk of an IQ <85 at a given ASQ level. In the multivariate model, no interaction between the studied factors and ASQ score reached significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general pediatric population, 36-month ASQ parental reports could be used to identify children at later risk of cognitive delay. Low maternal education level should also be considered as a major risk factor for lower IQ in preschool children regardless of ASQ score.
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; charkaluk.marie-laure@ghicl.net.|Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.|Service de Néonatologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique Lillois/Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Charkaluk
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1153, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHaD) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre,Villejuif, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; and.|Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
authors.forename: Jonathan Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1153, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHaD) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre,Villejuif, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; and.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forhan
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1153, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHaD) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre,Villejuif, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; and.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heude
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminski
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires