title: Refractory Lesional Parietal Lobe Epilepsy: Clinical, Electroencephalographic and Neurodiagnostic Findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specialized centers, in the management and surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy, emphasize the importance of differentiating the varieties of localization related epilepsies. There has been considerable recent interest in temporal and frontal lobe epileptic syndromes and less attention has been paid to parietal and occipital lobe epilepsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we report the clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging characteristics of 46 patients with medically refractory lesional parietal lobe epilepsy who have been followed up for 1-10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study auras were reported in 78.3% of the patients and included sensory symptoms (72.2%), headache (36.1%), nausea and vomiting (36.1%), psychic symptoms (36.1%) and visual symptoms (16.6%). The most common ictal behavioral changes were paresthesia (69.6%) and focal clonic activity (39.1%). Tonic posture, various automatisms, head deviation, staring, sensation of pain and speech disturbances occurred to a lesser extent. Simple partial seizures were present in 69.6%. Complex partial seizures occurred in 43.5% and secondary generalized tonic clonic seizures were reported in 58.7% of the patients. Interictal routine EEG disclosed abnormal background activity in 1/3 of the patients. Nonlocalising epileptiform abnormalities were found in 34.8% of the patients. EEG findings were normal in 34.8% of the patients. The most common presumed etiologic factors were as follows: posttraumatic encephalomalacia, stroke, tumor, malformation of cortical development, atrophy, and arteriovenous malformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging features of the lesional symptomatic partial epilepsy patients may help us to localize the seizure focus in some patients with cryptogenic partial epilepsy. So that, the timing decision of the parietal lobe sampling with more invasive techniques like intracranial electrodes prior to epilepsy surgery would be easier.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neurology, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oğuzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurşun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karataş
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Neşe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dericioğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saygi
keywords: EEG; MRI; Parietal lobe; aura; epilepsy