title: The effect of 8-week different-intensity walking exercises on serum hepcidin, IL-6, and iron metabolism in pre-menopausal women.
abstract: Objective Hepcidin may be an important mediator in exercise-induced iron deficiency. Despite the studies investigating acute exercise effects on hepcidin and markers of iron metabolism, we found no studies examining the chronic effects of walking exercises (WE) on hepcidin and markers of iron metabolism in premenopausal women. The chronic effects of two 8-week different-intensity WE on hepcidin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and markers of iron metabolism in pre-menopausal women were examined. Methods Exercise groups (EG) [moderate tempo walking group (MTWG), n = 11; brisk walking group (BWG), n = 11] walked 3 days/week, starting from 30 to 51 min. Control group (CG; n = 8) did not perform any exercises. BWG walked at ∼70%-75%; MTWG at ∼50%-55% of HRRmax. VO2max, hepcidin, IL-6, and iron metabolism markers were determined before and after the intervention. Results VO2maxincreased in both EGs, favoring the BWG. Hepcidin increased in the BWG (p < 0.01) and CG (p < 0.05). IL-6 decreased in the BWG and the MTWG (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). While iron, ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin saturation levels did not change in any group, total iron binding capacity (p < 0.05), red blood cells (p < 0.05), and hematocrit (p < 0.01) increased only in the BWG. Conclusion Both WE types may be useful to prevent inflammation. However, brisk walking is advisable due to the positive changes in VO2maxand some iron metabolism parameters, which may contribute to prevent iron deficiency. The increase in hepcidin levels remains unclear and necessitates further studies.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Sport Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buyukyazi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulman
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Sport Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Sport Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Çetinkaya
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Şişman
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çimrin
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Biochemistry, School of Physical Education and Sports , Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doğru
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007501:Iron
keywords: IL-6; hepcidin; iron metabolism; pre-menopausal women; walking