title: Dissipation of chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos-methyl and indoxacarb-insecticides used to control codling moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) and leafrollers (Tortricidae) in apples for production of baby food.
abstract: Dissipations of three insecticides: chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos-methyl and indoxacarb in apples were studied following their foliar application on apples intended for production of baby food. The apples were sprayed with formulations for control of codling moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) and leafrollers (Tortricidae). Six experiments were conducted; each insecticide was applied individually on dessert apples. A validated gas chromatography-based method with simultaneous electron capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-ECD/NPD) was used for the residue analysis. The analytical performance of the method was satisfactory, with expanded uncertainties ≤36% (a coverage factor, k = 2, and a confidence level of 95%). The dissipations of insecticides were studied in pseudo-first-order kinetic models (for which the coefficient of determination, R2, ranged between 0.9188 and 0.9897). Residues of studied insecticides were below their maximum residue limits of 0.5 mg/kg at an early stage of growth of the fruit. The half-lives of chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos-methyl and indoxacarb were 16-17, 4-6 and 20-24 days, respectively. The initial residue levels declined gradually and reached the level of 0.01 mg/kg in 1 month for chlorpyrifos-methyl, 2 months for chlorantraniliprole and 2.5 months for indoxacarb. To obtain the insecticide residue levels below 0.01 mg/kg, which is the default MRL for food intended for infants and young children, the application of the studied insecticides should be carried out at recommended doses not later then: 1 month before harvest for chlorpyrifos-methyl, 2 months for chlorantraniliprole and 2.5 months for indoxacarb.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, Regional Experimental Station, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Langiewicza 28, 35-101, Rzeszów, Poland. ewaszpyrka@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6145-8486
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szpyrka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, Regional Experimental Station, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Langiewicza 28, 35-101, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matyaszek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, Regional Experimental Station, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Langiewicza 28, 35-101, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Słowik-Borowiec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007306:Insecticides; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009036:Moths; D010078:Oxazines; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010078:Oxazines; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C401104:indoxacarb; C517733:chlorantranilipole; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; C007031:chlorpyrifos-methyl
keywords: Apple; Baby food; Chlorantraniliprole; Chlorpyrifos-methyl; Dissipation; Indoxacarb