title: Mobile application for diabetes self-management in China: Do they fit for older adults?
abstract: Despite the exponential proliferation of Chinese diabetes applications, none are designed to meet the needs of the largest potential user population. The purpose of this study is to examine the features and contents of Chinese diabetes mobile applications in terms of their suitability for use by older adults with diabetes.
  
  
  
  A search of the Apple application store and the 360 Mobile Assistant was conducted to identify Chinese diabetes applications. Next, we compared the features and contents of all the included and most popular diabetes applications with both the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) clinical guideline and recommended usability criteria for older adults respectively.
  
  
  
  Seventy-one diabetes apps were randomly selected (from a pool of 552 diabetes apps) and reviewed. The features of most apps failed to include content areas of known importance for managing diabetes in older adults. Usability of all tested applications was rated moderate to good.
  
  
  
  Designing maximally effective medical applications would benefit from attention to both usability and content guidelines targeted for the largest potential user population. Despite the preponderance of older adults in the potential user group, failing to consider the relevance of content, in addition to usability for the specific population will ultimately limit the usefulness of the app.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: chenchengao1989@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Chenchen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zhoulanshu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lanshu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: 1576783473@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, United States. Electronic address: hwang472@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Haocen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, United States. Electronic address: bjbowers@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bowers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000073278:Self-Management
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Mobile application; Older adults; Self management; User group