title: Antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites and phylogenetic study of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria,Bacillussp. at Agatti Island, Lakshadweep Archipelago.
abstract: Twenty-one species of sponges were recorded under the class of Demospongiae and Calcareous sponges of which 19 species were new to Agatti reef. A total of 113 Sponge endosymbiotic bacterial strains were isolated from twenty-one species of sponges and screened for antimicrobial activity. Five bacterial strains of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria (SEB) namely SEB32, SEB33, SEB36, SEB43 and SEB51 showed antimicrobial activity against virulent marine fish pathogens such asVibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio vulnificus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Aeromonas salmonicida,Flavobacteriumsp.,Edwardsiellasp.,Proteus mirabilisandCitrobacter brackii. The secondary metabolites produced by SEB32 from spongeDysidea fragilis(Montagu, 1818) [48] was selected with broad range of antibacterial activity and subjected for production, characterization by series of chromatography techniques and spectroscopic methods. Based on the results of FT-IR and mass spectrometry, the active molecule was tentatively predicted as "Pyrrol" and the structure is Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro- with molecular formula of C7H10N2O2. The LC50of active molecule was 31 μg/ml and molecular weight of the metabolites was 154. The potential strain SEB32 was identified by gene sequence (GenBank Accession number JX985748) and identified asBacillussp. from GenBank database.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (MoES), Field Research Station, Agatti Island, 682 553 Lakshadweep U. T., India; CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502 Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Gopi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502 Tamil Nadu, India; National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Indian Council for Agricultural Research, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Ajith Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Thipparamalai Thangappanpillai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India.
authors.forename: Balagurunathan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
keywords: Bacillus sp.; Lakshadweep archipelago; Secondary metabolites; Sponge endosymbiotic bacteria