title: The investigation of association between IL-1Ra and ACE I/D polymorphisms in carpal tunnel syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common neurologic impairment caused by injury on the median nerve in the wrist, characterized by pain and loss of sensory. CTS usually occurs through three factors, such as a mechanical pressure on median nerve, immunologic changes, and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphisms on the susceptibility of patients to the CTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-eight patients with CTS and 151 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Each patient was analyzed according to diseases symptoms, such as gender, a positive Tinel's sign, a positive Phalen maneuver, disease sides, EMG findings, and clinical stage. We applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the polymorphisms of IL-1Ra and ACE I/D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistically significant relation was not found between IL-1Ra, ACE I/D polymorphisms and CTS (respectively, P>.05; P>.05, OR: 1.51, CI: 0.82-1.61). Additionally, in the result of the statistical analysis compared with gene polymorphisms and clinical characteristics, we did not find any correlation (P>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that there are no associations of IL-1Ra and ACE I/D polymorphisms with susceptibility of a person for the development of CTS. So, it means that these polymorphisms do not create a risk for the development of CTS. Further studies with larger populations will be required to confirm these findings in different study populations.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betul
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-6589
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cevik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Akin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-6657
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tekcan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.|Academic Pain-Hernia Center, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inanir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semiha Gulsum
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serbulent
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-3964
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yigit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme; carpal tunnel syndrome; entrapment neuropathy; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; polymorphism; susceptibility