title: Transcriptional response to hepatitis C virus infection and interferon-alpha treatment in the human liver.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is widely used to investigate host-virus interactions. Cellular responses to HCV infection have been extensively studiedin vitroHowever, in human liver, interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene expression can mask direct transcriptional responses to infection. To better characterize the direct effects of HCV infectionin vivo, we analyze the transcriptomes of HCV-infected patients lacking an activated endogenous IFN system. We show that expression changes observed in these patients predominantly reflect immune cell infiltrates rather than cell-intrinsic pathways. We also investigate the transcriptomes of patients with endogenous IFN activation, which paradoxically cannot eradicate viral infection. We find that most IFN-stimulated genes are induced by both recombinant IFN therapy and the endogenous IFN system, but with lower induction levels in the latter, indicating that the innate immune response in chronic hepatitis C is too weak to clear the virus. We show that coding and non-coding transcripts have different expression dynamics following IFN treatment. Several microRNA primary transcripts, including that of miR-122, are significantly down-regulated in response to IFN treatment, suggesting a new mechanism for IFN-induced expression fine-tuning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.|Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tujana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boldanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aleksei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suslov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland markus.heim@unibas.ch anamaria.necsulea@gmail.com.|Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Markus H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Genomics, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland markus.heim@unibas.ch anamaria.necsulea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anamaria
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9861-7698
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Necsulea
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D057089:Pathology, Molecular
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: 
  HCV
  ; hepatitis C; interferon; miRNAs; transcriptome