title: Nitrite enhances liver graft protection against cold ischemia reperfusion injury through a NOS independent pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitrite has been found to protect liver graft from cold preservation injury. However, the cell signaling pathway involved in this protection remains unclear. Here, we attempt to clarify if the NOS pathway by using the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat livers were conserved for 24 h at 4°C in (IGL-1) solution enriched or not with nitrite at 50 nM. In a third group, rats were pretreated with 50 mg/kg of L-NAME before their liver procurement and preservation in IGL-1 supplemented with nitrite (50 nM) and L-NAME (1 mM). After 24 h of cold storage, rat livers were ex-vivo perfused at 37°C during 2 h. Control livers were perfused without cold storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nitrite effectively protected the rat liver grafts from the onset of cold I/R injury. L-NAME treatment did not abolish the beneficial effects of nitrite. Liver damage, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation remained at low levels in both nitrite-treated groups when compared to IGL-1 group. Antioxidant enzyme activities and functional parameters were unchanged after NOS inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite NOS inhibition by L-NAME, nitrite can still provide hepatic protection during cold I/R preservation. This suggests that nitrite acts through a NOS-independent pathway.
authors.affiliation: a Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherif-Sayadi
authors.affiliation: a Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kaouther
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hadj Ayed-Tka
authors.affiliation: a Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.|b High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Amine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zaouali
authors.affiliation: a Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bejaoui
authors.affiliation: b High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Najet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hadj-Abdallah
authors.affiliation: b High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ahlem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouhlel
authors.affiliation: a Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hassen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Abdennebi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009573:Nitrites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: IGL-1; NOS; Sodium nitrite; antioxidant enzymes; ischemia reperfusion injury