title: Diclofenac Does Not Reduce the Risk of Post-endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis in Low-Risk Units.
abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have an inhibitory role in pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Guidelines from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommend routine rectal administration of 100 mg of diclofenac or indomethacin immediately before or after ERCP for all patients without contraindications.
  
  
  
  Our aim was to evaluate the effect of diclofenac in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in a high-volume, low-PEP-risk ERCP unit.
  
  
  
  The rate and severity of PEP were compared in groups of 1000 historical controls prior to the routine use of diclofenac and in 1000 patients receiving 100 mg diclofenac before ERCP.
  
  
  
  PEP occurred in 56 (2.8%) of the 2000 patients, and the rate of the pancreatitis was 2.8% in control group and 2.8% in diclofenac group (p = 1.000). The PEP rate among the native papilla patients was 3.9% in control group and 3.6% in diclofenac group (p = 0.803). In subgroup analysis of patients with a high risk of PEP, diclofenac neither prevented PEP nor made its course milder.
  
  
  
  In an unselected patient population in a center with a low incidence of PEP, diclofenac seems to have no beneficial effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. mia.rainio@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4283-8453
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rainio
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Udd
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louhimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kylänpää
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061847:Hospitals, High-Volume / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac
keywords: Acute pancreatitis; Diclofenac; ERCP; ESGE recommendation; Post-ERCP pancreatitis