title: Approaches in modulating proline metabolism in plants for salt and drought stress tolerance: Phytohormones, mineral nutrients and transgenics.
abstract: Major abiotic stress factors such as salt and drought adversely affect important physiological processes and biochemical mechanisms and cause severe loss in crop productivity worldwide. Plants develop various strategies to stand healthy against these stress factors. The accumulation of proline (Pro) is one of the striking metabolic responses of plants to salt and drought stress. Pro biosynthesis and signalling contribute to the redox balance of cell under normal and stressful conditions. However, literature is meager on the sustainable strategies potentially fit for modulating Pro biosynthesis and production in stressed plants. Considering the recent literature, this paper in its first part overviews Pro biosynthesis and transport in plants and also briefly highlights the significance of Pro in plant responses to salt and drought stress. Secondly, this paper discusses mechanisms underlying the regulation of Pro metabolism in salt and drought-exposed plant via phytohormones, mineral nutrients and transgenic approaches. The outcome of the studies may give new opportunities in modulating Pro metabolism for improving plant tolerance to salt and drought stress and benefit sustainable agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Tasir S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Per
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India. Electronic address: naf9@lycos.com.
authors.forename: Nafees A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Cell, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Group, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Palakolanu Sudhakar
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mirza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanuzzaman
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, 4030 Los Banos, Philippines. Electronic address: amu.iqbal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M Iqbal R
authors.initials: MIR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-19 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Naser A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Anjum
mesh_terms: D055864:Droughts; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D055049:Salt Tolerance
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011392:Proline
keywords: Compatible solutes; Drought stress; Osmotic stress; Phytohormones; Proline; Salt stress