title: Association Between High Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and MMP-9 (-1562C>T) Polymorphism in Patients With ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is excessively expressed in frail region of atherosclerotic plaque and released in circulation following plaque rupture. High MMP-9 level associated with severity of occluded thrombus and subsequent myocardial infarction. MMP-9 (-1562C>T) polymorphism associated with acute myocardial infarction, however conflicting data present regarding impact of MMP-9 (-1562C>T) polymorphism on circulating MMP-9 level in acute myocardial infarction with ST-elevation (STEMI), clinical entity represents totally occluded coronary thrombus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled consecutively subjects with acute coronary syndrome treated in intensive coronary care unit. Acute coronary syndrome diagnosis were classified into STEMI and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). Seventy consecutive subjects were enrolled for this study, 31 subjects with STEMI and 39 subjects with NSTEACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission serum MMP-9 level, measured with sandwich enzyme immunoassay, were higher in STEMI as compared with NSTEACS (1,574.2 ± 604.1 ng/mL vs. 1,104.4 ± 591.5 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Proportion of subjects with MMP-9 (-1562C>T) polymorphism, analyzed with PCR-RFLP, were higher in STEMI as compared with NSTEACS (66.7% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.15). T allele frequency was almost twice in STEMI as compared to in NSTEACS. Almost all (83%) subjects with MMP-9 (-1562C>T) polymorphism had high serum MMP-9 level (> 1,334.5 ng/mL) during STEMI, whereas in NSTEACS all subjects had low level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-9 (-1562C>T) polymorphism associated with high serum MMP-9 level in patients with STEMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Budi Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Setianto
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mubarika
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Bambang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Irawan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Indwiani
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Astuti
keywords: MMP-9; Polymorphism: Acute coronary syndrome; STEMI