title: Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet volume indices (PVI) such as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) are the indicators of increased platelet activity and can be considered as potential biomarkers for diabetic complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study PVI in Type 2 diabetics with and without complications in comparison to nondiabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted on 300 Type 2 diabetics and 200 nondiabetics. Detailed clinical history regarding duration, hypertension, and complications was taken. PVI was obtained using automated cell counter. Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, lipid profile, creatinine were also obtained. Diabetics were further categorized into patients with complications and without complications. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 17 (Chicago, IL) Student'st-test and ANOVA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platelet count was significantly decreased in diabetics (P = 0.005). MPV was significantly increased in diabetic patients with complications as compared to diabetics without complications and nondiabetic group (P < 0.0001). PDW showed statistically significant difference between diabetics with and without complications and nondiabetics (P < 0.0001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) among all the three study groups. We found statistically significant correlation of MPV with diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.000), nephropathy (P = 0.005), and diabetic foot (P = 0.048). PDW was significantly increased in diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.035) and nephropathy (P = 0.007). P-LCR had no statistically significant correlation with diabetic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPV and PDW are predictive biomarkers of diabetic vascular complications. They are more significant in microvascular complications than macrovascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Supreet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Ambuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
keywords: Diabetes; mean platelet volume; platelet distribution width and platelet large cell ratio; platelet volume indices