title: SHORT-COMMUNICATION Evaluation of perfused bovine udder for gene expression studies in dairy cows.
abstract: Intramammary infections are one of the main causes of productivity loss in dairy cows. To better understand the immune system response and to avoid the use of live animals, we validated the use of isolated bovine udder as an ex situ model. Six mammary glands were collected from cows ready for culling. Three udders were perfused with Tyrode's solution and three were not-perfused. During six hours, we collected perfusate samples for biochemical analysis. We also collected alveolar and teat canal tissue to evaluate gene expression. The biochemical parameters indicated that the perfused udders remained viable for the entire period of the experiment. A real-time polymerase chain reaction showed an increase in 18S rRNA gene expression in the alveolar tissue at 3 and 4 h after perfusion. There was also an increase in the Ubiquitin gene in the teat canal from not-perfused udders at 1, 3, and 4 h after slaughter. In general, gene expression was stable during the experiment. Our results indicated that the isolated perfused bovine udder model is appropriate for genetic studies, opening a new perspective in animal experimentation methods.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: I S B
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Videira, Videira, SC, Brasil.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gern
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: M A V P
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Viccini
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil marta.martins@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine; D008892:Milk; D023421:Models, Animal; D010477:Perfusion / Q000662:veterinary; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D025801:Ubiquitin