title: Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Kazakhs with high Salt Intake in Xinjiang, China: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study.
abstract: Hypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide; data on hypertension among ethnic minorities in China are sparse. This study aimed to estimate hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in a Kazakh population, and to assess the association between salt intake and the above measures. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Kazakh adults (≥30 years old) in the town of Hongdun, Altay, Xinjiang. Survey procedures included a questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory tests. Of 1805 eligible individuals, 1668 (92.4%) were included in the analysis. After adjustment for gender, age, and occupation, prevalence of hypertension was 45.5%. The proportions with awareness, treatment, control, or medication-control were 61.0%, 28.8%, 2.9% and 10.1%, respectively. Higher prevalence was seen among nomads and farmers (50.7% and 44.6%, respectively). However, the proportions with treatment or control were lower than seen among urban citizens. Hypertension prevalence was higher in those with higher salt intake (p = 0.0008). In contrast, the proportions with awareness (p = 0.0389), treatment (p = 0.0010), control (p = 0.0503), and medication-control (p = 0.2012) reduced as salt intake increased. In conclusion, hypertension prevalence is high in this population, but the proportions with awareness, treatment, or control are sub-optimal. Public health interventions that improve hypertension prevention and control, particularly among nomads, is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yaoda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zixing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Weizhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hong Dun Town hospital, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Kuliqian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asaiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Mingtao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary