title: 2D-NMR investigation and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antigenotoxic and estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities of strawberry grape.
abstract: Strawberry grape is considered beneficial due to its extensive phytochemical properties. To expand the knowledge about the chemical constituents and the biological activities of the whole plant, 2D-NMR investigation has been carried out on pulp, peel, seeds, stalks and leaves. Catechin and epicatechin were identified as the main constituents of the seed extract, quercetin and ferulic acid were detected in the leaves and malvidin and cyanidin glucopyranoside in the peels. The leaf, stalk and seed extracts were found to be very rich in phytochemicals and were tested for their ability to reduce the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of standard agents via Salmonella mutagenicity assay and SOS chromotest, respectively. Moreover, the estrogen/antiestrogen-like activity was evaluated on the MCF-7 estrogen-responsive cells. Seed and stalk extracts had an elevated antimutagenic/antigenotoxic activity. Stalk extracts highly reduced the proliferative effect of natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: brigida.dabrosca@unicampania.it.
authors.forename: Brigida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D'Abrosca
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: margherita.lavorgna@unicampania.it.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavorgna
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße, 8D-07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scognamiglio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isidori
mesh_terms: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D004967:Estrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 2D-NMR analysis; Antigenotoxicity; Antimutagenicity; Antiproliferative activity; Metabolic profiling; Strawberry grape