title: Protective effects of Cinnamomum cassia (Lamaceae) against gout and septic responses via attenuation of inflammasome activation in experimental models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia, Lauraceae family), commonly used for treating dyspepsia, gastritis, blood circulation, and inflammatory diseases is considered as one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The anti-inflammatory action of an ethanol extract of C. cassia (CA), and its underlying mechanisms were explored in both in vitro cellular and in vivo murine models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to study the regulatory effect of CA on inflammasome activation. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mouse model and a monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gout model were employed to study the effect of CA on in vivo efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CA improved the survival rate in the LPS-induced septic shock mouse model and inhibited inflammasome activation including NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, leading to suppression of interleukin-1β secretion. Further, ASC oligomerization and its speck formation in cytosol were attenuated by CA treatment. Furthermore, CA improved both survival rate of LPS-induced septic shock and gout murine model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA treatment significantly attenuated danger signals-induced inflammatory responses via regulation of inflammasome activation, substantiating the traditional claims of its use in the treatment of inflammation-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Myong-Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sushruta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppula
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyeun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Bi
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Biomaterials, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Tack-Joong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Bong
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea. Electronic address: kwangho@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032904:Cinnamomum aromaticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006073:Gout; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018805:Sepsis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D058847:Inflammasomes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: ASC; Cinnamomum cassia; Gout; Inflammasome; Sepsis