title: Adipokines (Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin) Differentially Regulate All Hormonal Cell Types in Primary Anterior Pituitary Cell Cultures from Two Primate Species.
abstract: Adipose-tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ that dynamically secretes multiple hormones, the adipokines, which regulate key physiological processes. However, adipokines and their receptors are also expressed and regulated in other tissues, including the pituitary, suggesting that locally- and AT-produced adipokines might comprise a regulatory circuit that relevantly modulate pituitary cell-function. Here, we used primary pituitary cell-cultures from two normal nonhuman-primate species [Papio-anubis/Macaca-fascicularis] to determine the impact of different adipokines on the functioning of all anterior-pituitary cell-types. Leptin and resistin stimulated GH-release, a response that was blocked by somatostatin. Conversely, adiponectin decreased GH-release, and inhibited GHRH-, but not ghrelin-stimulated GH-secretion. Furthermore: 1) Leptin stimulated PRL/ACTH/FSH- but not LH/TSH-release; 2) adiponectin stimulated PRL-, inhibited ACTH- and did not alter LH/FSH/TSH-release; and 3) resistin increased ACTH-release and did not alter PRL/LH/FSH/TSH-secretion. These effects were mediated through the activation of common (AC/PKA) and distinct (PLC/PKC, intra-/extra-cellular calcium, PI3K/MAPK/mTOR) signaling-pathways, and by the gene-expression regulation of key receptors/transcriptional-factors involved in the functioning of these pituitary cell-types (e.g. GHRH/ghrelin/somatostatin/insulin/IGF-I-receptors/Pit-1). Finally, we found that primate pituitaries expressed leptin/adiponectin/resistin. Altogether, these and previous data suggest that local-production of adipokines/receptors, in conjunction with circulating adipokine-levels, might comprise a relevant regulatory circuit that contribute to the fine-regulation of pituitary functions.
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.|Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarmento-Cabral
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.affiliation: Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Malagon
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.|Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Justo P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.|Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Rhonda D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kineman
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.|Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Luque
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010215:Papio; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011323:Primates; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D052243:Resistin