title: Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay.
abstract: Modern concepts in the world of beauty arise from popular models, beautiful faces of actors document a bi-protrusive asset with high tension for soft tissues. Facial symmetry has been proposed as a marker of development and stability that may be important in human mate choice. For various traits any deviation from perfect symmetry can be considered a reflection of imperfect development. Additionally, bi-protrusive profile is dependent on the hormonal level regardless of male or female sex. The goal of maxillofacial surgery is to provide best results both for aesthetic and functional aspects. Following these new concepts of aesthetic of the face, new surgical procedure by osteodistraction techniques will lead to a very natural result by harmonizing the face also preventing aesthetic decay in aging faces. Ten cases with a feedback on the aesthetic results using the fivepoint scale of Likert after orthognatic surgery performed following distraction new techniques in combination with ancillary surgical procedures. The aesthetic results in all patients were highly satisfactory. All the patients accepted the new aesthetic of the face avoiding elements of discrepancy and consequently medico-legal problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Troisi
authors.affiliation: In private practice for Dentistry, Milan, MI, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Alessio
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Specialist in Oral Surgery, Medical Sciences and Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lo Giudice
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pier
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paolo Claudio
keywords: Aesthetic; Facial attractiveness; Facial symmetry; Osteo-distraction