title: Flexible P-Doped Carbon Cloth: Vacuum-Sealed Preparation and Enhanced Na-Storage Properties as Binder-Free Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries.
abstract: In this work, a flexible and self-supporting P-doped carbon cloth (FPCC), which is composed of interwoven mesh of hollow microtubules with porous carbon walls, is prepared via a vacuum-sealed doping technology by employing the commercially available cotton cloth as sustainable and scalable raw material. When directly used as binder-free anode for sodium-ion batteries, the as-prepared FPCC delivers superior Na-storage properties in terms of specific capacity up to 242.4 mA h g-1, high initial Coulombic efficiency of ∼72%, excellent rate capabilities (e.g., 123.1 mA h g-1at a high current of 1 A g-1), and long-term cycle life (e.g., ∼88% capacity retention after even 600 cycles). All these electrochemical data are better than the undoped carbon cloth control, demonstrating the significance of P-doping to enhance the Na-storage properties of cotton-derived carbon anode. Furthermore, the technologies of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique are implemented to disclose the decrease of charge transfer resistance and improvement of Na-migration kinetics, respectively.
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dao-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chao-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huan-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-9341
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xing-Long
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-9145
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: anode; binder free; carbon cloth; flexible; phosphorus doping; sodium ion batteries