title: Herpes simplex virus 1 and cytomegalovirus are associated with pemphigus vulgaris but not with pemphigus foliaceus disease.
abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are blistering autoimmune diseases that depend on interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Viral infections, like herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1/2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus and dengue virus, could trigger or exacerbate pemphigus. IgM and IgG antibodies against these viruses in serum from PV and PF, their relatives and controls were determined. HSV1/2 expression was evaluated by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and qPCR in affected or not oral mucosa from PV patients compared with uninjured PF mucosa. IgG anti-HSV1 was higher in the PV group compared with all groups. IgG anti-CMV resulted higher in PV group compared with PF patients and PV relatives. HSV1 was confirmed by DIF and qPCR on oral samples from patients with PV. Lack of HSV1 expression in the oral mucosa of patients with PF corroborate that immunosuppressive therapy cannot be the main cause for HSV1 replication in PV disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues
authors.initials: ARDSR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Serra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turatti
authors.affiliation: Tres Lagoas Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex Martins
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2709-1825
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roselino
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: cytomegalovirus; herpes simplex virus; pemphigus; pemphigus foliaceus; pemphigus vulgaris