title: Transoral vertebroplasty of the lateral mass of C1 using image guidance.
abstract: Osteolytic lesions of the anterior aspects of C1 (lateral mass) are difficult to address in a minimally invasive fashion and are often treated by craniocervical instrumentation.
  
  
  
  We report the feasibility and technical method of transoral vertebroplasty of the lateral mass of the atlas using image guidance and describe the workflow of the procedure. To our knowledge, there has not yet been a technical description of a transoral vertebroplasty using image guidance.
  
  
  
  Adequate positioning of the pedicle access needle using image guidance for addressing the lateral mass of C1 through a transoral, permuceous access can be achieved.
  
  
  
  With the assistance of image guidance, it is safe and feasible to access the lateral mass of the atlas. This constitutes a minimally invasive and fast alternative for introducing the bone needle to C1 rather than using a fluoroscopic device alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. pujan.kavakebi@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Pujan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kavakebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Girod
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tschugg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomé
mesh_terms: D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000601:surgery*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Atlas; C1; Image guidance; Navigation; Transoral; Vertebroplasty