title: Effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training program on high and low density lipoprotein in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia are very common conditions among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated with increased risk of coronary heart diseases. Physical activity and exercises along with medical management and dietary plan are common strategies to use for the management of deranged lipid profile in patients with T2DM. We aimed to determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training (SSAET) program on high and low density lipoprotein in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized control trial study was conducted at Riphah Rehabilitation Research Centre (RRRC), Pakistan Railway General Hospital (PRGH) Rawalpindi from 1stJanuary 2015 to 30thMarch 2016. The inclusion criteria was Type-2 diabetes patients of both gender aged between 40 to 70 years. Patients with severe complications like coronary artery diseases (CAD), and other serious complications like diabetic foot, and severe knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) were excluded from the study. A total of 195 patients diagnosed with T2DM were screened out and 102 were selected for the study as per the inclusion criteria. All participants were randomly assigned into two groups, experimental 'A' (n=51) and control 'B' (n=51). Patients in group A were treated with SSAET program of 25 weeks at 3 days a week in addition to routine medical management, while patients in Group-B were on their routine medications and dietary plan. Serum LDL, and HDL were tested at baseline and after 25 weeks. The data was analysed through SPSS 20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean and standard deviation of LDL in group A (n=51) was 118.56±19.17 (pre) and 102.64±13.33 (post), while the mean and standard deviation for Group-B (n=51) was 116.50±18.45 (Pre) and 109.88±17.13 (post). Both groups showed improvement but, Group-A treated with SSAET along with RMM showed significantly higher (P Value ≤ 0.05) improvement as compared with group B treated with RMM alone. Mean and standard deviation of HDL in Group-A was 42.70±8.06 (pre) and 47.47±7.16 (post), while the mean and standard deviation of group B is 43.37±8.15 (Pre) and 44.41±7.91 (post). Both groups showed improvement but Group-A treated with SSAET program along with RMM showed significantly higher (P Value ≤ 0.05) improvement than group B treated with RMM alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSAET program along with RMM is more effective strategy for the management of deranged lipid profile in patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Syed Shakil-ur-Rehman, Principal/Associate Professor, Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Physical Therapy Student, University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakil-Ur-Rehman
authors.affiliation: Hossein Karimi, Professor, University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Syed Amir Gillani, Professor and Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Amir
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gillani
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidemia; Hyperlipidemia; Supervised Structured Aerobic Exercises Training (SSAET)