title: Gender differences in reward and punishment for monetary and social feedback in children: An ERP study.
abstract: Gender differences in feedback processing have been observed among adolescents and adults through event-related potentials. However, information on whether and how this feedback processing is affected by feedback valence, feedback type, and individual sensitivity in reward/punishment among children remains minimal. In this study, we used a guessing game task coupled with electroencephalography to investigate gender differences in feedback processing, in which feedback to reward and punishment was presented in the context of monetary and social conditions. Results showed that boys were less likely to switch their response after punishment, had generally less feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude, and longer FRN latency in monetary and punishment conditions than girls. Moreover, FRN for monetary punishment, which is related to individual difference in reward sensitivity, was observed only in girls. The study provides gender-specific evidence for the neural processing of feedback, which may offer educational guidance for appropriate feedback for girls and boys.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Encong
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Brain and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wanyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D011678:Punishment; D011930:Reaction Time; D012201:Reward; D012727:Sex Characteristics