title: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with left horizontal gaze palsy.
abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by rapid onset of symptoms including headache, seizures, altered consciousness, and visual disturbance, as well as radiologic findings of focal reversible vasogenic edema. Multiple visual disturbances have been described in PRES, such as hemianopia, visual neglect, auras, visual hallucinations, and cortical blindness. However, horizontal gaze palsy has not been previously reported. We report a 72-year-old female who presented with blurred vision, severe headache, lethargy, and later developed seizures. She was found to have left horizontal gaze palsy with intact vestibulo-ocular reflex. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed severe edema throughout the subcortical white matter, and signal in the posterior parietal and occipital lobes. She was diagnosed with PRES associated with supranuclear gaze palsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, New York Medical College, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Amer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hawatmeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, New York Medical College, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Studyvin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, New York Medical College, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Moh'd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Halawani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, New York Medical College, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Sawsan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amireh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, New York Medical College, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thawabi
keywords: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES); brainstem; left horizontal gaze palsy