title: With Some Help From My Network: Supplementing eHealth Literacy With Social Ties.
abstract: eHealth literacy is defined as the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply knowledge gained to addressing or solving a health problem. Previous research has shown high reliance on both online and face-to-face interpersonal sources when sharing and receiving health information.
  
  
  
  In this paper, we examine these interpersonal sources and their interplay with respondents' eHealth literacy and perceived health outcomes. Specifically, we look at how the relationship between eHealth literacy and health outcomes is moderated by (1) finding help while performing online activities, (2) finding others with similar health concerns online, and (3) the importance of finding others with similar health concerns for people from ethnic minorities, specifically Palestinian citizens of Israel versus Israeli Jews.
  
  
  
  We used a nationally representative random-digit dial telephone household survey of an Israeli adult population (age ≥21 years, N=819). The collected data were analyzed using two regression models. The first examined how the correlation between eHealth literacy and perceived outcomes was moderated by the availability of help. The second examined how the correlation between eHealth literacy and perceived outcomes was moderated by finding others with similar health concerns and by ethnicity.
  
  
  
  Respondents with low eHealth literacy who were able to recruit help when performing online activities demonstrated higher perceived health outcomes compared to similar respondents who did not find help. Respondents with low eHealth literacy, who were able to find others with similar health concerns (online), demonstrated higher perceived health outcomes when compared to similar respondents who did not find others with similar health concerns. Finally, finding similar others online was more helpful in enhancing health outcomes for ethnic minorities; Palestinian citizens of Israel gained more health benefits by finding similar others compared to Israeli Jews.
  
  
  
  Although the availability of help and the notion of ethnicity have been discussed extensively within the context of social capital and health, our findings offer initial evidence for the relevancy of these concepts when studying individuals' eHealth literacy. Specifically, our findings enable a better understanding of the role of social ties and ethnicity in moderating the interplay between eHealth literacy and perceived health outcomes. Given the increased importance of eHealth information, our findings enhance understanding of how social ties can potentially compensate for low eHealth literacy.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel.
authors.forename: Tsahi Zack
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9807-6024
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Hayat
authors.affiliation: Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1152-3873
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brainin
authors.affiliation: Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2162-0474
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D017216:Telemedicine
keywords: consumer health information; eHealth literacy; ethnicity; outcomes assessment