title: RNA-sequence analysis of gene expression from honeybees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema ceranae.
abstract: Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are constantly subjected to many biotic stressors including parasites. This study examined honeybees infected with Nosema ceranae (N. ceranae). N. ceranae infection increases the bees energy requirements and may contribute to their decreased survival. RNA-seq was used to investigate gene expression at days 5, 10 and 15 Post Infection (P.I) with N. ceranae. The expression levels of genes, isoforms, alternative transcription start sites (TSS) and differential promoter usage revealed a complex pattern of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation suggesting that bees use a range of tactics to cope with the stress of N. ceranae infection. N. ceranae infection may cause reduced immune function in the bees by: (i)disturbing the host amino acids metabolism (ii) down-regulating expression of antimicrobial peptides (iii) down-regulation of cuticle coatings and (iv) down-regulation of odorant binding proteins.
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano - CERSA, Integrative Biology Group, Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Bouabid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-1765
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badaoui
authors.affiliation: Syngenta, Guyancourt, France.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fougeroux
authors.affiliation: RNAGRO, TOURS, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano - CERSA, Integrative Biology Group, Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anselmo
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano - CERSA, Integrative Biology Group, Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gorni
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano - CERSA, Integrative Biology Group, Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cucurachi
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cersini
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giusy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardeti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Formato
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mutinelli
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano - CERSA, Integrative Biology Group, Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giuffra
authors.affiliation: Davies Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano - CERSA, Integrative Biology Group, Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Botti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016818:Nosema / Q000502:physiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms