title: Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Formula Modulates the Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Normalizes Intestinal Development.
abstract: Breast milk has many beneficial properties and unusual characteristics including a unique fat component, termed milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). While breast milk yields important developmental benefits, there are situations where it is unavailable resulting in a need for formula feeding. Most formulas do not contain MFGM, but derive their lipids from vegetable sources, which differ greatly in size and composition. Here we tested the effects of MFGM supplementation on intestinal development and the microbiome as well as its potential to protect against Clostridium difficile induced colitis. The pup-in-a-cup model was used to deliver either control or MFGM supplemented formula to rats from 5 to 15 days of age; with mother's milk (MM) reared animals used as controls. While CTL formula yielded significant deficits in intestinal development as compared to MM littermates, addition of MFGM to formula restored intestinal growth, Paneth and goblet cell numbers, and tight junction protein patterns to that of MM pups. Moreover, the gut microbiota of MFGM and MM pups displayed greater similarities than CTL, and proved protective against C. difficile toxin induced inflammation. Our study thus demonstrates that addition of MFGM to formula promotes development of the intestinal epithelium and microbiome and protects against inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ganive
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bhinder
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Joannie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Allaire
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Metabolism Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Cyrielle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Natasha R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ryz
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Else S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Franziska A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Graef
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Shauna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Larissa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Celiberto
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Berkmann
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Metabolism Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Surette
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Metabolism Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Innis
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vallance
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids