title: Low Frequency Electrical Stimulation Either Prior to Or after Rapid Kindling Stimulation Inhibits the Kindling-Induced Epileptogenesis.
abstract: Objective. Studies are ongoing to find appropriate low frequency stimulation (LFS) protocol for treatment of epilepsy. The present study aimed at assessing the antiepileptogenesis effects of LFS with the same protocol applied either just before or immediately after kindling stimulations.Method. This experimental animal study was conducted on adult Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) randomly divided into kindle (n= 7), LFS + Kindle (n= 6), and Kindle + LFS groups (n= 6). All animals underwent rapid kindling procedure and four packages of LFS (1 Hz) with 5 min interval were applied either immediately before (LFS-K) or after kindling stimulation (K-LFS). The after discharge duration (ADD), daily stages of kindling, and kindling seizure stage and number of stimulations required to reach each stage were compared between the three groups using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc and one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively.Results. LFS in both protocols significantly decreased the ADD (p< 0.05) and daily seizure stages (p< 0.05) and increased the number of stimulations required to achieve stage 3 and stages 4 and 5 of kindling compared with the kindle group (stage 2:p> 0.05, stages 3 to 5:p< 0.05).Conclusion. Although LFS-K showed more inhibiting effect than K-LFS, the difference was not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalilifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1216-2109
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadollahpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135743337, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moazedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135743337, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghotbeddin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*