title: Submicrometric hypromellose acetate succinate particles as carrier for soy isoflavones extract with improved skin penetration performance.
abstract: In this study, hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) stable submicronic particles loaded with a soy isoflavones extract have been obtained by nano spray drying technology. HPMCAS has been used as excipient able to increase both stability and supersaturation levels of the active ingredients hence able to enhance skin penetration performance of genistein and daidzein. The influence of polymer/extract ratio as other process variables, on particle size, morphology and permeation performance, have been investigated. Particles in submicronic range (mean size around 550nm) and narrow size distribution with high encapsulation efficiency (up to 86%) were obtained. HPMCAS was able to improve amorphization of genistein during the atomization process and avoid recrystallization during storage, even in harsh environmental condition. Moreover, the enhanced affinity of the optimized formulations with aqueous media, strongly increased isoflavones penetration through membrane with diffusive properties well-correlated to human skin, up to 10-fold higher than pure soy isoflavones extract raw material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. Electronic address: pdelgaudio@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Gaudio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Dorado
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mencherini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasparri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita Patrizia
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Aquino
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D019833:Genistein; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000737:chemistry*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D007529:Isoflavones; D013386:Succinates; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D019833:Genistein
keywords: Enhanced skin penetration; Hypromellose acetate succinate; Nano spray dryer; Soy isoflavones extract; Submicrometric particles