title: Oral Nanomedicine Based on Multicomponent Microemulsions for Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Treatment.
abstract: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs on drug-resistant breast cancer using multicomponent microemulsions (ECG-MEs) as an oral delivery system. The etoposide-loaded ECG-MEs were composed of coix seed oil and ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), both of which possess not only the synergistic antitumor effect with etoposide, but also have excipient-like properties. Orally administrated ECG-MEs were demonstrated to be able to accumulate at the tumor site following crossing the intestines as intact vehicles into the blood circulation. The spatiotemporal controlled release characteristics of ECG-MEs brought about the efficient P-gp inhibition by the initially released G-Rh2 and the increased intracellular accumulation of the sequentially released etoposide. The combination antitumor activity of etoposide, G-Rh2 and coix seed oil using ECG-MEs was verified on the xenograft drug-resistant breast tumor mouse models. In addition, the safety evaluation studies indicated that treatment with ECG-MEs did not cause any significant toxicity in vivo. These findings suggest that ECG-MEs as an oral formulation may offer a promising strategy to treat the drug-resistant breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.|Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials and Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials and Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Shiyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials and Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.|Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.|Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.|Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Congyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.|Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials and Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4010-8879
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D031742:Coix / Q000737:chemistry; D065546:Drug Liberation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004655:Emulsions; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005079:Excipients; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008819:Mice, Nude; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010938:Plant Oils; D005047:Etoposide; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2