title: Carcinogenic Liver Fluke and Others Contaminated in Pickled Fish of Northeastern Thailand
abstract: Twenty provinces in northeastern Thailand were investigated for fluke metacercariae contamination in pickled fish,
  or pla-som, during January –June 2016. A total of 129 pickled fish shops were randomly chosen. Samples were digested
  with acid-pepsin and those found to be infected with metacercariae were fed to hamsters to test for metacercariae
  infectivity. The results demonstrated that only 20.2% of the pla-som samples were infected with fluke metacercariae
  (mc), at various levels (1 to 268 mc/kg). All recovered fluke metacercariae were inactive, degenerated and could not
  develop to adults in the animal model. In conclusion, the fluke mc infection status in pla-som was correlated with the
  prevalence of fluke infection in this region known for high O.viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma development. Clearly,
  systematic control of the fluke life cycle is needed. Whether pickling is an effective preventive measure needs further
  assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakonnakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand.|Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Email: bthida@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Ratchadawan
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authors.lastname: Aukkanimart
authors.forename: Thidarut
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authors.lastname: Boonmars
authors.forename: Pranee
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authors.lastname: Sriraj
authors.forename: Panupan
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authors.lastname: Sripan
authors.forename: Jiraporn
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authors.lastname: Songsri
authors.forename: Panaratana
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authors.lastname: Ratanasuwan
authors.forename: Porntip
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authors.lastname: Laummaunwai
authors.forename: Apiporn
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authors.lastname: Suwanantrai
authors.forename: Surasit
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authors.lastname: Aunpromma
authors.forename: Sukhonthip
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authors.lastname: Khueangchaingkhwang
authors.forename: Benjamabhorn
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authors.lastname: Pumhirunroj
authors.forename: Atchara
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authors.lastname: Artchayasawat
authors.forename: Narong
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authors.lastname: Khuntikeo
authors.forename: Watcharin
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authors.lastname: Loilome
authors.forename: Nisana
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authors.lastname: Namwat
authors.forename: Puangrat
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authors.lastname: Yongvanit
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authors.lastname: Boonjaraspinyo
keywords: Fluke; pickled fish; cholangiocarcioama; Survey; metacercariae