title: Extinct type of human parvovirus B19 persists in tonsillar B cells.
abstract: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA persists lifelong in human tissues, but the cell type harbouring it remains unclear. We here explore B19V DNA distribution in B, T and monocyte cell lineages of recently excised tonsillar tissues from 77 individuals with an age range of 2-69 years. We show that B19V DNA is most frequent and abundant among B cells, and within them we find a B19V genotype that vanished from circulation >40 years ago. Since re-infection or re-activation are unlikely with this virus type, this finding supports the maintenance of pathogen-specific humoral immune responses as a consequence of B-cell long-term survival rather than continuous replenishment of the memory pool. Moreover, we demonstrate the mechanism of B19V internalization to be antibody dependent in two B-cell lines as well as in ex vivo isolated tonsillar B cells. This study provides direct evidence for a cell type accountable for B19V DNA tissue persistence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Lari
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pyöriä
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toppinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40500, Finland.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mäntylä
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.|Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena-Maija
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40500, Finland.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vihinen-Ranta
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ilmarinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Söderlund-Venermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.|Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Perdomo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D020298:U937 Cells; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral