title: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties Testing of the Arabic Anterior Knee Pain Scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND PFPS is one of the most frequently occurring overuse injuries affecting the lower limbs. A variety of functional and self-reported outcome measures have been used to assess clinical outcomes of patients with PFPS, however, only the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) has been designed for PFPS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed international recommendations to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the AKPS. The Arabic AKPS and the Arabic RAND 36-item Health Survey were administered to 40 patients who were diagnosed with PFPS. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 2 to 3 days assessed with the Arabic AKPS only. The measurements tested were reliability, validity, and feasibility. RESULTS The Arabic AKPS showed high reliability for both temporal stability, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 for the first assessment and 0.75 for the second), excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ICC=0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 0.98) and good agreement (standard error of measurement SEM=1.8%). The Arabic AKPS was significantly correlated with physical components of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Spearman's rho=0.69: p<0.001). No ceiling or floor effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS The Arabic AKPS is a valid and reliable tool and is comparable to the original English version and other translated versions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alshehri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Everett
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lohman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Noha S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Daher
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bahijri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulmohsen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nezar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altorairi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Arin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnons
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Hospital for Sports Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018912:Arabs; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires