title: Euglenophycin is produced in at least six species of euglenoid algae and six of seven strains of Euglena sanguinea.
abstract: Euglena sanguinea is known to produce the alkaloid toxin euglenophycin and is known to cause fish kills and inhibit mammalian tissue and microalgal culture growth. An analysis of over 30 species of euglenoids for accumulation of euglenophycin identified six additional species producing the toxin; and six of the seven E. sanguinea strains produced the toxin. A phylogenetic assessment of these species confirmed most taxa were in the Euglenaceae, whereas synthesis capability apparently has been lost in the Phacus, Eutreptiella, and Discoplastis branches.
authors.affiliation: Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA. Electronic address: paul.zimba@tamucc.edu.
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Zimba
authors.affiliation: Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
authors.forename: I-Shuo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 9160 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240-7916, USA. Electronic address: d.gutierrez@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea. Electronic address: shin@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Woongghi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: benne124@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Triemer
mesh_terms: D005055:Euglena / Q000378:metabolism*; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000502:physiology; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010880:Piperidines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D010880:Piperidines; C547753:euglenophycin
keywords: Algae; Euglena; Euglenophycin; Harmful algal bloom; Toxin