title: Different coping strategies influence the development of PTSD among first-time mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the different coping strategies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), described in the non-obstetric trauma literature, with respect to first time postpartum women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study conducted between 2011 and 2013. Eligible women had a singleton pregnancy and delivered a healthy newborn at term. Five sets of relevant questionnaires were sent to the participants six weeks postpartum. Posttraumatic stress disorder was defined as per DSM-V criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty eight completed questionnaires were considered for the final analysis. Two women (1.1%) had PTSD and nine women (4.8%) had partial PTSD. Coping by self-blame and/or rumination together with perception of resource loss emerged as independent variables that were significantly associated with post-traumatic symptomatology (PTS) severity. Objective birth factors such as participation in birth classes or the different modes of delivery seem to have no significant impact on postpartum PTS in our study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive coping styles such as self-blame and rumination, as well as perception of resource loss, were all related to postpartum PTS. Redirecting resources to address postpartum negative coping mechanisms may reduce the overall incidence of full and partial postpartum PTSD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.|b Nursing School, Zefat Academic College , Zefat , Israel.
authors.forename: Yeela
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomsis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelkopf
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.
authors.forename: Hanoch
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yerushalmi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine , St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.
authors.forename: Yaniv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zipori
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010298:Parity; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Posttraumatic stress disorder; birth factors; coping strategies; postpartum; resource loss