title: Effect of the type and level of hydration of alcoholic solvents on the simultaneous extraction of oil and chlorogenic acids from sunflower seed press cake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to evaluate the replacement of hexane by alcoholic solvents in oil extraction from sunflower seed press cake. The use of ethanol and isopropanol has important advantages, including low toxicity and good operational safety. Thus, in the present study, solid-liquid extractions were performed in a single stage from 60 to 90 °C and in consecutive extractions in three stages at 90 °C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solvent hydration negatively affected the extraction of oil but favored the extraction of chlorogenic acids (CAs), especially when ethanol was used. Regarding oxidative stability, the oils extracted using ethanol presented long induction times, which could be related to the high levels of not only CAs and tocopherols, but also phospholipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcoholic solvents can be used for extraction to produce sunflower seed oil containing minor compounds that give it greater oxidative stability. In addition, the results obtained using hydrous ethanol showed that this solvent can yield defatted sunflower seed meal with a low content of CAs, enabling future use of the protein fraction. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Separation Engineering Laboratory (LES), Department of Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-6135
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Scharlack
authors.affiliation: Separation Engineering Laboratory (LES), Department of Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Keila K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-6419
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Aracava
authors.affiliation: Separation Engineering Laboratory (LES), Department of Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christianne Ec
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-9708
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005511:Food Handling; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; C026385:n-hexane; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: chlorogenic acids; ethanol; isopropanol; oxidative stability index; phospholipids; sunflower seed press cake