title: Evaluation of theranostic nanocarriers for near-infrared imaging and photodynamic therapy on human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: This paper evaluates how effectively chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) entrapped in colloidal nanocarriers, such as nanocapsule (NC) and nanoemulsion (NE), induces photodamage in human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) during photodynamic therapy (PDT). The MTT cell viability assay showed that both ClAlPc-NC and ClAlPc-NE induced phototoxicity and efficiently killed LNCaP cells at low ClAlPc-NC and ClAlPc-NE concentrations (0.3μgmL-1) as well as under low light doses of 4Jcm-2and 7Jcm-2, respectively, upon PDT with a 670-nm diode laser line. Confocal imaging studies indicated that ClAlPc-NC and ClAlPc-NE were preferentially localized in the perinuclear region of LNCaP cells both in the dark and upon irradiation with laser light. After PDT treatment, ClAlPc-NC-treated LNCaP cells exhibited a higher green fluorescence signal, possibly due to the larger shrinkage of the actin cytoskeleton, compared to ClAlPc-NE-treated LNCaP cells. Additionally, ClAlPc-NC or ClAlPc-NE and mitochondria showed a relatively high co-localization level. The cellular morphology did not change in the dark, but confocal micrographs recorded after PDT revealed that LNCaP cells treated with ClAlPc-NC or ClAlPc-NE underwent morphological alterations. Our preliminary in vitro studies reinforced the hypothesis that biocompatible theranostic ClAlPc-loaded nanocarriers could act as an attractive photosensitizer system in PDT and could serve as an interesting molecular probe for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer and other carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Leandro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Centro Regional de Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aparecida M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil. Electronic address: atedesco@usp.br.
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tedesco
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D007211:Indoles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C044797:chloroaluminum phthalocyanine
keywords: Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine; Colloidal nanocarriers; Photodiagnosis; Photodynamic therapy; Prostate cancer; Theranostics