title: On-road emissions of CO, CO2and NOXfrom four wheeler and emission estimates for Delhi.
abstract: This study presents the emission factor of gaseous pollutants (CO, CO2, and NOX) from on-road tailpipe measurement of 14 passenger cars of different types of fuel and vintage. The trolley equipped with stainless steel duct, vane probe velocity meter, flue gas analyzer, Nondispersive infra red (NDIR) CO2analyzer, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) sensors was connected to the vehicle using a towing system. Lower CO and higher NOXemissions were observed from new diesel cars (post 2010) compared to old cars (post 2005), which implied that new technological advancement in diesel fueled passenger cars to reduce CO emission is a successful venture, however, the use of turbo charger in diesel cars to achieve high temperature combustion might have resulted in increased NOXemissions. Based on the measured emission factors (g/kg), and fuel consumption (kg), the average and 95% confidence interval (CI) bound estimates of CO, CO2, and NOXfrom four wheeler (4W) in Delhi for the year 2012 were 15.7 (1.4-37.1) , 6234 (386-12,252) , and 30.4 (0.0-103) Gg/year, respectively. The contribution of diesel, gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) to total CO, CO2and NOXemissions were 7:84:9, 50:48:2 and 58:41:1 respectively. The present work indicated that the age and the maintenance of vehicle both are important factors in emission assessment therefore, more systematic repetitive measurements covering wide range of vehicles of different age groups, engine capacity, and maintenance level is needed for refining the emission factors with CI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.lastname: Jaiprakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India. Electronic address: gazalahabib@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gazala
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Akash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: IEC College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Minza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haider
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Emission factor; Mobile sampling system; On-road emission; Passengers cars