title: Identification of walnut husk (Juglans regia L.) volatiles and the behavioural response of the invasive Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several European countries are important walnut (Juglans regia L.) producers. However, these countries must contend with the recent introduction of the Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera, Tephritidae), which is causing severe economic losses, especially in organic production. Because most Tephritid fruit flies use kairomones in their search for host plants, we hypothesise that this highly specialist species orients toward the volatile blend released by walnut husks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We collected, identified, and quantified the volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) released by walnut husks from the most commonly cultivated variety in France (Franquette). Then, the behavioural response of R. completa toward synthetic odour blends was recorded in dual choice assays conducted in net cages. A total of 26 VOCs were identified, with α-pinene, β-pinene, trans-linalool, eugenol, and tetradecane representing the major constituents. In the dual choice assay, male and female R. completa were strongly attracted to synthetic blend that included most of the identified husk VOCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When searching for a host plant, R. completa use host fruit kairomones. The potential of these semiochemicals in monitoring and management of this quarantine pest is discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Landry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarles
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boullis
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bérénice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fassotte
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lognay
authors.affiliation: Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes, Chatte, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verhaeghe
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: François J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-1661
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Verheggen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002633:Chemotaxis; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D031324:Juglans / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C010411:insect attractants
keywords: fruit flies; integrated pest management; volatile organic compounds; walnuts