title: Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns for Energy Applications.
abstract: With the growth of the global economy and population, the demand for energy is increasing sharply. The development of environmentally a benign and reliable energy supply is very important and urgent. Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs), which have a horn-shaped tip at the top of single-walled nanotube, have emerged as exceptionally promising nanomaterials due to their unique physical and chemical properties since 1999. The high purity and thermal stability, combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, high surface area, internal pore accessibility, and multiform functionalization make SWCNHs promising candidates in many applications, such as environment restoration, gas storage, catalyst support or catalyst, electrochemical biosensors, drug carrier systems, magnetic resonance analysis and so on. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of SWCNHs in energy applications, including energy conversion and storage. The commonly adopted method to access SWCNHs, their structural modifications, and their basic properties are included, and the emphasis is on their application in different devices such as fuel cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, Li-S batteries, hydrogen storage, biofuel cells and so forth. Finally, a perspective on SWCNHs' application in energy is presented.
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China. unizhang@syuct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China. unihanshuang@syuct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China. chaowang@ciac.ac.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. chaowang@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China. likianping@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China. guobaoxu@ciac.ac.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. guobaoxu@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guobao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Li-ion batteries; biofuel cell; fuel cell; hydrogen storage; single-walled carbon nanohorn; solar cell; supercapacitor