title: Demographic, lifestyle, and other factors in relation to antimüllerian hormone levels in mostly late premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify reproductive, lifestyle, hormonal, and other correlates of circulating antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in mostly late premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 671 premenopausal women not known to have cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of AMH were measured in a single laboratory using the picoAMH ELISA. Multivariable-adjusted median (and interquartile range) AMH concentrations were calculated using quantile regression for several potential correlates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older women had significantly lower AMH concentrations (≥40 [n = 444] vs. <35 years [n = 64], multivariable-adjusted median 0.73 ng/mL vs. 2.52 ng/mL). Concentrations of AMH were also significantly lower among women with earlier age at menarche (<12 [n = 96] vs. ≥14 years [n = 200]: 0.90 ng/mL vs. 1.12 ng/mL) and among current users of oral contraceptives (n = 27) compared with never or former users (n = 468) (0.36 ng/mL vs. 1.15 ng/mL). Race, body mass index, education, height, smoking status, parity, and menstrual cycle phase were not significantly associated with AMH concentrations. There were no significant associations between AMH concentrations and androgen or sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations or with factors related to blood collection (e.g., sample type, time, season, and year of blood collection).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among premenopausal women, lower AMH concentrations are associated with older age, a younger age at menarche, and currently using oral contraceptives, suggesting these factors are related to a lower number or decreased secretory activity of ovarian follicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Seungyoun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine and Perlmuttr Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baglietto
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Renée T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Fortner
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kathy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Helzlsouer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idahl
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rudolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, and Public Health and Clinical Medicine: Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onland-Moret
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieri
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schock
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sluss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ruth C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.affiliation: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tworoger
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Visvanathan
authors.affiliation: Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine and Perlmuttr Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: jdorgan@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Joanne F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dorgan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D001208:Asia; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065851:Ovarian Reserve; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D045165:Testosterone Congeners / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D045165:Testosterone Congeners; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone
keywords: Antimüllerian hormone; demographic; lifestyle; ovarian reserve; reproductive factors