title: Simulated Sunlight-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma Skin Cancer by Titanium-Dioxide-Nanoparticle-Gold-Nanocluster-Graphene Heterogeneous Nanocomposites.
abstract: Simulated sunlight has promise as a light source able to alleviate the severe pain associated with patients during photodynamic therapy (PDT); however, low sunlight utilization efficiency of traditional photosensitizers dramatically limits its application. Titanium-dioxide-nanoparticle-gold-nanocluster-graphene (TAG) heterogeneous nanocomposites are designed to efficiently utilize simulated sunlight for melanoma skin cancer PDT. The narrow band gap in gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), and staggered energy bands between Au NCs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and graphene can result in efficient utilization of simulated sunlight and separation of electron-hole pairs, facilitating the production of abundant hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Under irradiation of simulated sunlight, TAG nanocomposites can trigger a series of toxicological responses in mouse B16F1 melanoma cells, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species production, glutathione depletion, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in severe cell death. Furthermore, intravenous or intratumoral administration of biocompatible TAG nanocomposites in B16F1-tumor-xenograft-bearing mice can significantly inhibit tumor growth and cause severe pathological tumor tissue changes. All of these results demonstrate prominent simulated sunlight-mediated PDT effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Haiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013472:Sunlight; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: melanoma; nanocomposites; photodynamic therapy; simulated sunlight; titanium dioxide