title: Evaluating accuracy and reliability of active stereophotogrammetry using MAVIS III Wound Camera for three-dimensional assessment of hypertrophic scars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current strategies for estimating positive scar volume following burns is limited to employing subjective scar scales. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of Measurement of Area and Volume Instrument System (MAVIS) III, a portable 3D active stereophotogrammetric imaging system, for non-invasive assessment of hypertrophic scar volume and elucidates factors that leads to inaccurate volume determination.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine accuracy, hypertrophic scars arising in various skin and wound types were modeled using moldable putty substance. Volumetric measurements calculated by the camera's software were compared to measurements determined by fluid displacement. To assess inter-rater reliability, 25 images of patients with hypertrophic scars on various anatomical regions (hand, arm, leg, and flank area) were assessed by three blind evaluators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volumetric measurements obtained from MAVIS III ranged from adequate to excellent accuracy (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.54-0.90) compared to measurements determined by fluid displacement. The reliability of volume determination of human hypertrophic scars was rated excellent (overall Intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study finds that MAVIS III is accurate in its volumetric measurements and is reliable between users; making it a potential candidate for non-invasive assessment of hypertrophic scars. Further considerations for refining active stereo-photogrammetry and the user interface of the software are also highlighted to allow superior evaluation of scar volume.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: sdsu@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: sarthak.chinoo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarthak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Pediatrics and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: vince.gabriel@albertahealthservices.ca.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: 3D imaging; Hypertrophic scar volume; Mavis III Wound Camera; Non-invasive imaging; Stereo-photogrammetry