title: mHealth intervention to support asthma self-management in adolescents: the ADAPT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor medication adherence in adolescents with asthma results in poorly controlled disease and increased morbidity. The aim of the ADolescent Adherence Patient Tool (ADAPT) study is to develop an mHealth intervention to support self-management and to evaluate the effectiveness in improving medication adherence and asthma control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ADAPT intervention consists of an interactive smartphone application (app) connected to a desktop application for health care providers, in this study, the community pharmacist. The app contains several functions to improve adherence as follows: 1) a questionnaire function to rate asthma symptoms and monitor these over time; 2) short movie clips with medication and disease information; 3) a medication reminder; 4) a chat function with peers; and 5) a chat function with the pharmacist. The pharmacist receives data from the patient's app through the desktop application, which enables the pharmacist to send information and feedback to the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ADAPT intervention is tested in a community pharmacy-based cluster randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands, aiming to include 352 adolescents with asthma. The main outcome is adherence, measured by patient's self-report and refill adherence calculated from pharmacy dispensing records. In addition, asthma control, illness perceptions, medication beliefs, and asthma-related quality of life are measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will provide in-depth knowledge on the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention to support asthma self-management in adolescents. These insights will also be useful for adolescents with other chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
authors.forename: Richelle C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kosse
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
authors.forename: Marcel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bouvy
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden.
authors.forename: Tjalling W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden.
authors.forename: Ad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kaptein
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
authors.forename: Harm Cj
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Geers
authors.affiliation: NIVEL, the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Liset
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Koster
keywords: adherence; adolescents; asthma; intervention; mHealth; pharmacist