title: Feasibility of in-vivo semi-LASER renal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS): Pilot study in healthy volunteers.
abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of semi-LASER renal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in healthy volunteers and establish signature chemical composition of normal renal tissue towards future application for renal carcinoma characterization and grading.
  
  
  
  14 healthy volunteers were recruited after informed consent. Single voxel1H spectra were acquired on a 3T MRI system using a semi-LASER sequence, employing outer-volume suppression and VAPOR water suppression with multiple averages in multiple breath-holds. Off-line processing and automatic correction for zero-order phase and frequency using the water resonance or residual water resonance for water-suppressed acquisitions was performed.
  
  
  
  11 volunteers successfully completed the entire examination. Phase and frequency correction was necessary to obtain optimal data quality prior to signal summation in few datasets. No lipid resonance was observed in any spectra from the unsuppressed water acquisitions, either in individual transients or in corrected summed spectra opposed to previously reported studies. No signal from other metabolites, such as choline-containing compounds, was observed in any dataset.
  
  
  
  Semi-LASER renal MRS is technically feasible. Normal renal parenchyma does not demonstrate detectable levels of lipid or choline. This may provide a reference point for future application of this technique for noninvasive renal carcinoma histologic subtype characterization and grade.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, 3-957, Toronto ON M5G, Canada. Electronic address: kartik.jhaveri@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jhaveri
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 700 University Ave, Toronto ON M5G, Canada. Electronic address: Lijun.guo@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare Limited, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: Timothy.DeVito@siemens.com.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: DeVito
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water; D002794:Choline
keywords: In vivo; MRS; Renal; Semi-LASER