title: Light-Up Mitophagy in Live Cells with Dual-Functional Theranostic Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes.
abstract: Phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are expected to be new multifunctional theranostic platforms that enable the integration of imaging capabilities and anticancer properties. Mitophagy is an important selective autophagic process that degrades dysfunctional mitochondria. Until now, the regulation of mitophagy is still poorly understood. Herein, we present two phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) that can accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitophagy. Because of their intrinsic phosphorescence, they can specially image mitochondria and track mitochondrial morphological alterations. Mechanism studies show that Ir1 and Ir2 induce mitophagy by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, depletion of cellular ATP, perturbation in mitochondrial metabolic status, and induction of oxidative stress. Moreover, no sign of apoptosis is observed in Ir1- and Ir2-treated cells under the same conditions that an obvious mitophagic response is initiated. We demonstrate that Ir1 is a promising theranostic agent that can induce mitophagy and visualize changes in mitochondrial morphology simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mu-He
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang-Xin
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Cai-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liang-Nian
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zong-Wan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1154
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Mao
keywords: iridium(III) complex; mitochondria; mitophagy; phosphorescent emission; theranostic