title: An Investigation of the Cytotoxicity and Caspase-Mediated Apoptotic Effect of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles UsingEclipta prostrataon Human Liver Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and sustained focus is on the discovery and development of newer and better tolerated anticancer drugs, especially from plants. In the present study, a simple, eco-friendly, and inexpensive approach was followed for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the aqueous leaf extract ofEclipta prostrata. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED). The HRTEM images confirmed the presence of triangle, radial, hexagonal, rod, and rectangle, shaped with an average size of 29 ± 1.3 nm. The functional groups for synthesized ZnO NPs were 3852 cm-1for H-H weak peak, 3138 cm-1for aromatic C-H extend, and 1648 cm-1for Aromatic ring stretch. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), caspase and DNA fragmentation assays were carried out using various concentrations of ZnO NPs ranging from 1 to 100 mg/mL. The synthesized ZnO NPs showed dose dependent cytopathic effects in the Hep-G2 cell line. At 100 mg/mL concentration, the synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited significant cytotoxic effects and the apoptotic features were confirmed through caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea. imcim@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ill-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India. abdulrahuman6@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdul Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rahuman
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India. mari.ubanp2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sampath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marimuthu
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India. bioviski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arivarasan Vishnu
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kirthi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India. anbuk97@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karunanithi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anbarasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea. microlabsraj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Govindasamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajakumar
keywords: Eclipta prostrata; anticancer actions; caspase study; zinc oxide nanoparticles