title: Lack of pregnancy warnings on over-the-counter dermatologic products containing potentially harmful hydroquinone.
abstract: To determine the presence of pregnancy warnings on over-the-counter (OTC) dermatologic products with hydroquinone, a potentially harmful ingredient.
  
  
  
  Data were obtained from the Food and Drug Administration National Drug Code Directory and Label Repository to identify OTC dermatologic products containing hydroquinone. Products were stratified based on pregnancy or general warning presence (WP) or absence (WA). Product characteristics were compared between groups: hydroquinone concentration, presence of external packaging, indication and warning statements.
  
  
  
  Of the 112 products studied, 21 had a pregnancy warning and 3 included a general warning against use: WP (n=24) and WA (n=88) group. External packaging was more prevalent in the WP group compared to WA (62.5% vs 29.5%, P=0.004).
  
  
  
  Majority of OTC dermatologic products containing hydroquinone did not have a pregnancy warning. This highlights the need for improved labeling and informs providers caring for pregnant women of OTC labeling limitations.
authors.affiliation: Inpatient Pharmacy Department, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bio
authors.affiliation: The Center for Pediatric Pharmacotherapy LLC, Pottstown, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cies
mesh_terms: D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000592:standards*; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000592:standards*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D006873:Hydroquinones; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs