title: Validation of an Indonesian Version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (BCAS-I)
abstract: Background: Raising breast cancer awareness is a key strategy to reduce associated mortality. While a paucity
  of adequately validated instruments for breast cancer awareness is applicable across cultures, even outside the health
  care setting such instruments have been developed. Objective: This study investigated the validity and psychometric
  properties of a breast cancer awareness scale in Indonesia (BCAS-I). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried
  out among Indonesian women conveniently selected within three provinces (Yogyakarta, South of Sumatera and East
  Nusa Tenggara) located in rural-urban areas using stratified random sampling. First, we translated all questionnaires
  from English to the local language and then back-translated. The third step was to perform psychometric testing of
  the adapted instrument by establishing internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha score 0.79) and construct validity by
  confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: In the 856 participants who responded (responded rate = 98.28%), the
  age ranged from 18 to 80 years old (mean = 30, SD = 11). The BCAS-I was shown to have good internal consistency,
  and CFA demonstrated the model fit data adequately (χ2 = 922.267, df = 515, p <0.001, comparative fit index = 0.965,
  Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.96, goodness-of-fit index = 0.97, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.97, root-mean-square
  error of approximation = 0.03 95% confidence interval: 0.027, 0.034). The final version of BCAS-I consists of 33
  items across 5 domains that cover most key aspects of breast cancer awareness for this population. Conclusion: The
  BCAS-I demonstrated good psychometric properties and was found to be valid to provide a measurement of breast
  cancer awareness in Asian women in general and Indonesian women in particular.
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Public Health Program, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand|Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia. Email:cameron.h@chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Solikhah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solikhah
authors.forename: Supannee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Promthet
authors.forename: Nitchamon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rakkapao
authors.forename: Cameron P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hurst
keywords: Breast cancer; breast cancer awareness; instrument validation; Indonesian women