title: Reduction Mammaplasty for Breast Symmetrisation in Implant-Based Reconstructions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Healthy breast surgery constitutes an important step to achieve symmetry in unilateral implant-based reconstructions. We analysed long-term results of breast symmetry obtained with reduction mammaplasties, and we evaluated whether different glandular pedicles may better preserve long-term stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2006 and 2012, 90 patients underwent mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with tissue expanders and simultaneous contralateral reduction mammaplasty. In 30 patients, a superior nipple-areola pedicle was harvested (GROUP A), in another 30 patients a medial pedicle was performed (GROUP B), and an inferior pedicle was used in the remaining 30 women (GROUP C). An objective evaluation of the reconstructed breast and the reduced one was performed at 1 and 24 months after surgery. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were used for analysis. Furthermore, three independent plastic surgeons filled out a questionnaire to assess aesthetic results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements of the reconstructed breasts showed similar variations between 1- and 24-month evaluations within the three groups with no significant difference (P value >0.05). Measurements of the reduced breast at the 1- and 24-month follow-up (Tukey's test) revealed significant differences among the three groups. Patients from GROUP C showed a significantly higher decrease in Δ nipple-lower clavicle margin distance and Δ nipple-inframammary fold compared to GROUP A and B (P value = 0.01). Surgeons' assessments revealed no statistically significant difference between the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior or medial pedicle reduction mammaplasties seem to better preserve breast shape and position, and they maintain a more similar appearance to the contralateral prosthetic breast over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Breast Unit, University of Udine, C/o Ospedale "S. Maria Della Misericordia", Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Biasio
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Breast Unit, University of Udine, C/o Ospedale "S. Maria Della Misericordia", Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy. zingarettin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-0029
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zingaretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Lorenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, Breast Unit, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaienti
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Breast Unit, University of Udine, C/o Ospedale "S. Maria Della Misericordia", Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Camillo
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Parodi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015414:Mastectomy, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Breast symmetry; Contralateral breast reduction; Implant breast reconstruction; Unilateral mastectomy