title: Short-term impacts of Cu, CuO, ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on anammox sludge: CuNPs make a difference.
abstract: The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has posed an emerging challenge to wastewater treatment processes. The short-term impacts of CuNPs, CuONPs, ZnONPs and AgNPs on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process were investigated firstly in this study. CuONPs, ZnONPs and AgNPs up to 50mgg-1suspended solid (SS) did not affect anammox activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or cell membrane integrity. However, 1.25mgg-1SS CuNPs significantly inhibited the anammox activity and the loads that caused 50% inhibition were 4.64±1.24 and 3.27±0.79mgg-1SS for anammox granules and flocs, respectively. 5mgg-1SS CuNPs caused serious accumulation of the toxic intermediate N2H4. Furthermore, CuNPs interacted with extracellular polymeric substances by specifically bonding to tyrosine or tryptophan-containing groups, C-O-C in polysaccharides and -OH in polymeric compounds. Therefore, this study calls for more attention to the risks of NPs to the anammox-based processes.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Zhe
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Jia
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China. Electronic address: jrczju@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Ren-Cun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anammox; Extracellular polymeric substances; Nanoparticles; Sludge; Toxicity