title: The effect of fertiliser treatments on the severity of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin biosynthesis in winter rye.
abstract: The fungi of the genus Fusarium cause Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that reduces grain yield and quality. They also produce mycotoxins which may pose a serious threat to human and animal health. This study investigated the effects of NPK fertilisation, foliar application of Cu, Zn, and Mn, applied separately and in combination, and of the Nano-Gro® organic growth stimulator on the occurrence of FHB in cultivar Dańkowskie Diament rye based on the mycological analysis of kernels and on the concentrations of Fusarium mycotoxins in grain. The severity of FHB caused by seven species of the genus Fusarium was influenced by weather conditions in the analysed growing seasons. The applied fertilisation and the Nano-Gro® organic growth stimulator exerted varied effects on FHB development and the biosynthesis of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins) in grain. The greatest reduction in deoxynivalenol and nivalenol concentrations was noted in 2013, and the levels of moniliformin were lower in treated samples than in absolute control (untreated) samples in both years of the study. The severity of FHB positively correlated with the concentrations of zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and moniliformin in the grain samples. Greater accumulation of ergosterol was noted in the rye grain harvested in 2013 than in 2012, and fertiliser treatment led to higher ergosterol concentrations than did control treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cwalina-Ambroziak
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics.
authors.forename: Tomasz P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kurowski
authors.affiliation: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waśkiewicz
authors.affiliation: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goliński
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroecosystems.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stępień
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Głosek-Sobieraj
authors.affiliation: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perczak
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005308:Fertilizers; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011044:Poland; D012434:Secale / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: FHB; deoxynivalenol; ergosterol; fertilisation with microelements; fumonisins; fungi; moniliformin; nivalenol; zearalenone