title: Catheterization of the gallbladder: A novel mouse model of severe acute cholangitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a severe acute cholangitis (SAC) model in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cholecystic catheterization was performed under the condition of bile duct ligation (BDL). Trans-cholecystic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was defined as the SAC animal model. Sham operation group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS without BDL group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS with BDL group and trans-cholecystic injection of normal saline with BDL group were defined as control groups. The survival rates and tissue injuries in liver, lungs and kidney were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice in the SAC group showed a time-dependent mortality and much more severe tissue injuries in liver, lungs and kidney, compared with other groups. However, relieving biliary obstruction could effectively reduce mortality and attenuate liver injury in the SAC mouse model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trans-cholecystic injection of LPS under the condition of biliary obstruction could establish a repeatable and reversible mouse model of SAC.
authors.affiliation: Jian-Hua Yu, Hai-Jun Tang, Zhi-Yang Zhu, Xin-Xian Ruan, Bao-Chun Lu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Jian-Hua Yu, Hai-Jun Tang, Zhi-Yang Zhu, Xin-Xian Ruan, Bao-Chun Lu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Jian-Hua Yu, Hai-Jun Tang, Zhi-Yang Zhu, Xin-Xian Ruan, Bao-Chun Lu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jian-Hua Yu, Hai-Jun Tang, Zhi-Yang Zhu, Xin-Xian Ruan, Bao-Chun Lu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Jian-Hua Yu, Hai-Jun Tang, Zhi-Yang Zhu, Xin-Xian Ruan, Bao-Chun Lu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Xian
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Jian-Hua Yu, Hai-Jun Tang, Zhi-Yang Zhu, Xin-Xian Ruan, Bao-Chun Lu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery; D002404:Catheterization; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000601:surgery*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008026:Ligation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Bile duct ligation; Cholecystic catheterization; Lipopolysaccharide; Mouse model; Severe acute cholangitis