title: Biology ofAcinetobacter baumannii: Pathogenesis, Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms, and Prospective Treatment Options.
abstract: Acinetobacter baumanniiis undoubtedly one of the most successful pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired nosocomial infections in the modern healthcare system. Due to the prevalence of infections and outbreaks caused by multi-drug resistantA. baumannii, few antibiotics are effective for treating infections caused by this pathogen. To overcome this problem, knowledge of the pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance mechanisms ofA. baumanniiis important. In this review, we summarize current studies on the virulence factors that contribute toA. baumanniipathogenesis, including porins, capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, phospholipases, outer membrane vesicles, metal acquisition systems, and protein secretion systems. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of this organism, including acquirement of β-lactamases, up-regulation of multidrug efflux pumps, modification of aminoglycosides, permeability defects, and alteration of target sites, are also discussed. Lastly, novel prospective treatment options for infections caused by multi-drug resistantA. baumanniiare summarized.
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ro
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji UniversityYongin, South Korea; DNA Analysis Division, Seoul Institute, National Forensic ServiceSeoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Moonhee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Seung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Welfare, Silla University Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Il Kwon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Program, North Shore Community College Danvers, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Young Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University Anseong, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; antimicrobial resistance; resistance mechanism; treatment option; virulence factor