title: The legal appearances of dementia in court rulings: mapping the terrain.
abstract: Individuals with dementia may appear before the court in different roles: as victims, as witnesses, and as those standing up for their rights. While there is growing interest in the rights of older persons with dementia, relatively little empirical data exists regarding their actual interactions in courts. Therefore, the goal of this study was to empirically map this legal terrain.
  
  
  
  This study used a descriptive quantitative method. A computerized search of a national legal database limited to the period 2004-2014 and a screening process for the results were used to establish a sample of 280 court rulings that directly addressed dementia. All cases were analyzed and categorized into the following four criteria groups: characteristics of the person with dementia; characteristics of the legal procedure; the legal substance of the case; and the legal outcome.
  
  
  
  The majority of cases involved a single, very-elderly (i.e. over 80 years) woman, living in the community, with unspecified dementia. The majority of cases were heard and decided in lower level courts, addressing a broad range of primarily non-criminal legal issues. Finally, in the majority of non-criminal cases, the person with dementia was found to be legally capable, whereas in the majority of criminal cases, the person with dementia was found incapable.
  
  
  
  The legal needs and rights of persons with dementia are much broader than issues of legal capacity or social protection. Deeper knowledge and more research is needed in order to fully understand the contexts in which dementia is constructed under the law.
authors.affiliation: Head of the Department of Gerontology,University of Haifa,31905,Haifa,Israel.
authors.forename: Israel Issi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2607-6890
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Doron
authors.affiliation: Vice-Rector,University of Haifa,31905,Haifa,Israel.
authors.forename: Perla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Center for Aging Studies,University of Haifa,31905,Haifa,Israel.
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spanier
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Law University of Haifa,31905,Haifa,Israel.
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D002961:Civil Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003704:Dementia; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012196:Review Literature as Topic
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; elder law; human rights; law and aging