title: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genes, associated with kernel weight, underwent selection during wheat domestication and breeding.
abstract: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, comprising two small subunits and two large subunits, is considered a key enzyme in the endosperm starch synthesis pathway in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two genes, TaAGP-S1-7A and TaAGP-L-1B, were investigated in this study. Haplotypes of these genes were associated with thousand kernel weight (TKW) in different populations. Mean TKWs of favoured haplotypes were significantly higher than those of nonfavoured ones. Two molecular markers developed to distinguish these haplotypes could be used in molecular breeding. Frequencies of favoured haplotypes were dramatically increased in cultivars released in China after the 1940s. These favoured haplotypes were also positively selected in six major wheat production regions globally. Selection of AGP-S1 and AGP-L-1B in wheat mainly occurred during and after hexaploidization. Strong additive effects of the favoured haplotypes of with other genes for starch synthesis were also detected in different populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yamei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chenyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xueyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D000071278:Domestication; D005819:Genetic Markers; D051599:Glucose-1-Phosphate Adenylyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011123:Polyploidy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010940:Plant Proteins; D051599:Glucose-1-Phosphate Adenylyltransferase
keywords: 
  Triticum aestivum
  ; ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; association analysis; haplotype; selection; yield