title: The effects of social exclusion on response inhibition in borderline personality disorder and major depression.
abstract: It is a prevalent notion that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by deficits in executive functions (EF) like inhibition. Yet experimental studies yield inconsistent results. However, despite emotional dysregulation being a core feature of BPD, most paradigms did not control for emotional state or comorbid mental disorders. In the present study, subjects with BPD and comorbid MDD (BPD+MDD), with major depression (MDD) and healthy controls (HC) partook in a social exclusion paradigm combined with an inhibition task. We expected inhibition to be more strongly impaired in BPD+MDD than in depression and HC when experiencing negative emotions. Respecting inhibition, depressed patients performed best while (BPD+MDD) patients performed worst. Surprisingly, MDD & HC participants' performance improved during social exclusion, but this was not the case for BPD+MDD. Inhibition deficits were correlated with childhood trauma. These results challenge the hypothesis that an induction of negative emotion results in inferior inhibition in (BPD+MDD). Instead, patients with (BPD+MDD) seem to suffer from a more general inhibitory dysfunction. Importantly, (BPD+MDD) patients were not able to improve their performance during social exclusion like HC and MDD patients did. These findings need to be investigated further, particularly regarding the efficiency of neural networks regulating inhibition and effects of trauma.
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. Electronic address: Harald.Mohr@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Harald M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Margerete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schött
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rickmeyer
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischmann
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leuzinger-Bohleber
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weiß
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grabhorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D012929:Psychological Distance
keywords: Cognitive impairment; Cyberball; Emotion regulation; Emotional stress; Executive function; Go/NoGo task; Personality disorders