title: Synthesis and biological activities of C-glycosides of KRN 7000 with novel ceramide residues.
abstract: The identification of immunoactive agents for clinical and mechanistic applications is a very active area of research. In this vein, analogues of the potent immunostimulant KRN 7000 with diverse cytokine profiles have attracted considerable attention. These compounds have been shown to activate iNKT cells via presentation by CD1d. Herein, we report on the synthesis and activity for four new C-glycosides of KRN 7000, 11-phenylundecanoyl and 11-p-fluorophenylundecanoyl derivatives of C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 and the reverse amide of C-KRN 7000. In mice, compared to C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 stimulated higher release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and lower release of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12. The phenyl terminated alkanoyl and reverse amide analogues were inactive. These data suggest that structure activity effects for KRN 7000 are not necessarily additive and their use in the design of new analogues will require an improved understanding of how subtle structural changes impact on cytokine activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Altiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA. Electronic address: dmootoo@hunter.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mootoo
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006027:Glycosides; D051379:Mice; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C438934:C-glycoside; D002518:Ceramides; D016207:Cytokines; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D006027:Glycosides; D009005:Monosaccharides; C103873:KRN 7000
keywords: C-glycoside; CD1d; Cytokine; Glycolipid; NKT