title: Evaluating 130 microhaplotypes across a global set of 83 populations.
abstract: Today the primary DNA markers used in forensics are short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms (STRPs), initially selected because they are highly polymorphic. However, the increasingly common need to deal with samples with a mixture of DNA from two or more individuals sometimes is complicated by the inherent stutter involved with PCR amplification, especially in strongly unbalanced mixtures when the minor component coincides with the stutter range of the major component. Also, the STRPs in use provide little evidence of ancestry of a single source sample beyond broad "continental" resolution. Methodologies for analyzing DNA have become much more powerful in recent years. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a new method being considered for routine use in forensics. Primarily to aid in mixture deconvolution and avoid the issue of stutter, we have begun to investigate a new type of forensic marker, microhaplotype loci, that will provide useful information on mixtures of DNA and on ancestry when typed using massively parallel sequencing (MPS). We have identified 130 loci and estimated their haplotype (allele) frequencies in 83 different population samples. Many of these loci are shown to be highly informative for individual identification and for mixture identification and deconvolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8005, USA. Electronic address: kenneth.kidd@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8005, USA.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Speed
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8005, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pakstis
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road, NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA.
authors.forename: Daniele S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Podini
authors.affiliation: Human Identification Group, ThermoFisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lagacé
authors.affiliation: Human Identification Group, ThermoFisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Human Identification Group, ThermoFisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wootton
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8005, USA.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haigh
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8005, USA.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Soundararajan
mesh_terms: D066264:Datasets as Topic; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population; D060148:HapMap Project; D006239:Haplotypes; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
keywords: Ancestry; Massively parallel sequencing; Microhaplotype; SNP