title: Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the era of targeted therapies: a review.
abstract: In the pre-targeted therapy era, palliative cytoreductive nephrectomy combined with cytokine immunotherapy was the standard treatment protocol for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The introduction of targeted therapies has improved response rates, median survival and overall prognosis when compared to immunotherapy. The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in providing an independent survival advantage when used alongside immunotherapy has been demonstrated by two randomised controlled trials. However, with the new shift in improved treatment outcomes from cytokine immunotherapy to targeted therapies, the continuing role of cytoreductive nephrectomy as a viable surgical treatment method remains controversial.
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nisha
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5496-4599
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pindoria
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raison
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blecher
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catterwell
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Prokar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery; D065426:Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009392:Nephrectomy
keywords: cytoreductive nephrectomy; immunotherapy; metastatic renal cell carcinoma; targeted therapy