title: Can Graduated Compressive Stockings Reduce Muscle Activity During Running?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Graduated compressive stockings (GCS) have been suggested to influence performance by reducing muscle oscillations and improving muscle function and efficiency. However, no study to date has analyzed the influence of GCS on muscle activity during running. The objective of the study was to analyze the influence of GCS on the perception of comfort and muscle activation of the main muscles of the lower leg during running.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six participants ran on a treadmill with (GCS) or without (control) GCS. The running tests consisted of a 10-min warm-up followed by a 20-min intense run at 75% of the athlete's maximal aerobic speed. Surface electromyography of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were recorded every 5 min during the run and analyzed using a non-linearly scaled wavelet analysis. Perception of comfort of the GCS was measured before and after the run.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GCS were reported as comfortable garments and reduced GL activity at Minute 0 (p < .05, [Formula: see text]= .245) and Minute 5 (p < .05, [Formula: see text]= .326) and GM activity at Minute 0 (p < .05, [Formula: see text]= .233) compared with running without garments, but their effect was temporary and disappeared after 5 min of running.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though GCS reduced gastrocnemius muscle activity during the initial minutes of running, it is hypothesized that the GCS could have lost their initial levels of compression after some minutes of exercise, thereby reducing their influence on muscle activation. However, this hypothesis needs to be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: a University of Valencia.
authors.forename: Ángel Gabriel
authors.initials: ÁG
authors.lastname: Lucas-Cuevas
authors.affiliation: a University of Valencia.
authors.forename: José Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Priego Quesada
authors.affiliation: a University of Valencia.
authors.forename: José Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.affiliation: a University of Valencia.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: b University of Alicante.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cortell-Tormo
authors.affiliation: a University of Valencia.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Soriano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D053828:Stockings, Compression
keywords: Compression; electromyography; fatigue