title: An optimised sequential extraction scheme for the evaluation of vanadium mobility in soils.
abstract: Reviewing the current state of knowledge about sequential extraction applied for soil vanadium (V) fractionation, we identified an urgent requirement of an sequential extraction (SE) specified for V. Namely, almost all previous SE extracted only 8.4%-48% of total V in soils (excluding residue). Thus, we proposed an eight-step SE for V fractionation in soils according to the knowledge gained from literature and our own dissolution experiments with model minerals. After extracting the mobilisable and adsorbed V with de-ionised water and 5mmol/L phosphate, 1mol/L pyrophosphate was applied to gather organic matter bound V which minimised the artefact dissolving Al and Fe (hydr)oxides occurred when using HNO3-H2O2for extraction. Extraction with 0.4mol/L NH2OH⋅HCl was highly selective toward manganese oxides. Fractionation of different crystalline Al and Fe (hydr)oxides associated V with 1mol/L HCl, 0.2mol/L oxalate buffer and 4mol/L HCl at 95°C especially improved the extractability of V incorporated with crystalline phase associated V. The suitability of our new SE scheme was confirmed by its higher selectivity against the target phases and higher extraction efficiencies (55%-77% of total V) with model minerals and 6 soils of different properties than previous SE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: yuhui.xu@ieu.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: jen-how.huang@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Jen-How
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brandl
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000383:Agriculture; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008903:Minerals; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014639:Vanadium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014639:Vanadium
keywords: Iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides; Mobility; Sequential extraction; Soil; Vanadium