title: Diagnostic challenges with intraoral myeloid sarcoma: report of two cases & review of world literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are rare extramedullary tumors composed of blasts of myeloid lineage that either precede, follow or present concomitantly with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myeloproliferative neoplasms. The diagnosis of MS is especially challenging in patients without an antecedent history of leukemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present 2 cases of intraoral MS that presented as de novo lesions. A detailed review of cases of intraoral MS that either preceded or presented along with leukemia has been done with emphasis on diagnostic criteria used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two male patients aged 28 and 5 years presented with MS with one patient presenting with concomitant AML. A combination of morphological and immunohistochemical methods was used for diagnosis. A thorough review of world literature revealed 44 cases of intraoral MS that presented as de novo lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoral MS is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. It may be diagnostically challenging due to its protean clinical manifestations and histological overlap with other tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, BSZ Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, BSZ Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, BSZ Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, BSZ Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Urs
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, BSZ Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Augustine
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, BSZ Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D023981:Sarcoma, Myeloid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase