title: An ionic liquid-based nanofluid of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid extraction for acaricide detection.
abstract: Phytophagous mites are usually considered a difficult problem for agricultural planting, and acaricides are applied to control diseases and pests. However, the overdose and misusage of acaricides causes pesticide residues. In this work, a simple and practical ionic liquid-based TiO2nanofluid, effervescence-assisted, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (EA-DLLME) method was developed to detect acaricides in honey and tea by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Oleophilic TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method to obtain greater stability of the nanofluid. The experimental parameters were optimized by a one-factor-at-a-time approach and included the effervescent tablet composition, ionic liquid selection, extractant composition, nanofluid volume, extraction temperature, extraction time and desorption conditions. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges of this proposed method were 0.5-500μgL-1, with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.9985-1.0000. The extraction efficiencies for the target analytes varied from 70.70 to 84.58%. The detection and quantitation limits were in the ranges of 0.04-0.18μgL-1and 0.13-0.60μgL-1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (n=3) were found to range from 2.32 to 5.71%, which showed perfect repeatability. Overall, the EA-DLLME method was time-saving and environmentally friendly, with future potential for microextraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Miyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Haozhe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Sanbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: hxgao@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: xudonghui@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013607:Tablets; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D007477:Ions; D013607:Tablets; D013662:Tea; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Acaricides; Effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid extraction; Nanofluid; Titanium dioxide