title: Characterization of the serum and liver proteomes in gut-microbiota-lacking mice.
abstract: Current nutrition research is focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and performance improvement for individuals and communities around the world. The humans with required nutritional ingredients depend on both how well the individual is provided with balanced foods and what state of gut microbiota the host has. Studying the mutually beneficial relationships between gut microbiome and host is an increasing attention in biomedical science. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of gut microbiota and to study interactions between gut microbiota and host. In this study, we used a shotgun proteomic approach to reveal the serum and liver proteomes in gut-microbiota-lacking mice. For serum, 15 and 8 proteins were uniquely detected in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice, respectively, as well as the 3 and 20 proteins were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in GF mice compared to SPF mice. Among the proteins of the serum, major urinary protein 1 (MUP-1) of GF mice was significantly decreased compared to SPF mice. In addition, MUP-1 expression is primarily regulated by testosterone. Lacking in gut flora has been implicated in many adverse effects, and now we have found its pathogenic root maybe gut bacteria can regulate the sex-hormone testosterone levels. In the liver, 8 and 22 proteins were uniquely detected in GF mice and SPF mice, respectively, as well as the 14 and 30 proteins were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in GF mice compared to SPF mice. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) indicated that gut microbiota influence the host in cancer, organismal injury and abnormalities, respiratory disease; cell cycle, cellular movement and tissue development; cardiovascular disease, reproductive system disease; and lipid metabolism, molecular transport and small molecule biochemistry. Our findings provide more detailed information of the role of gut microbiota and will be useful to help study gut bacteria and disease prevention.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Sports Science, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Sports Science, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Tsung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Sports Science, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics*; D040901:Proteomics; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Biomarker; Endurance swimming; Exercise; Germ-free; Gut flora; Metabolism