title: Gender preference and perinatal depression in Turkey: A cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Child gender preference is important in some cultures and has been found to modify risk for antenatal and postnatal depression. We investigated discrepancies in the child gender preference between participating women and other key family members and the extent to which these predicted perinatal depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a large cohort study of perinatal depression in urban and rural Turkey, participants had been asked about child gender preferences: their own, and those of their husband, parents, and parents in-law. Of 730 participants recruited in their third trimester (94.6% participation), 578 (79.2%) were reassessed at a mean (SD) 4.1 (3.3) months after childbirth, and 488 (66.8%) were reassessed at 13.7 (2.9) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No associations were found between any gender preference reported in the antenatal period and depression at any examination. On the other hand, we found associations of antenatal depression with differences in participant-reported gender preference and that reported for their mother-in-law (OR 1.81, 1.08-3.04). This non-agreement also predicted depression at the 4 month (OR 2.24, 1.24-4.03) and 14 month (OR 2.07, 1.05-4.04) post-natal examinations. These associations with postnatal depression persisted after adjustment for a range of covariates (ORs 3.19 (1.54-6.59) and 3.30 (1.49-7.33) respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported disagreement in child gender preferences between a woman and her mother-in-law was a predictor of post-natal depression and may reflect wider family disharmony as an underlying factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vesile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Senturk Cankorur
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berker
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.affiliation: King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry), London, United Kingdom.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data