title: Heterotopic Ossification Following Upper Extremity Injury.
abstract: Heterotopic ossification (HO) presents a substantial barrier to rehabilitation for patients with severe burns or trauma. Although surgical excision is a mainstay of management for this condition, this is unable to address the chronic sequelae of HO, including chronic pain, joint contractures, nerve dysfunction, and open wounds. Current therapeutic modalities are aimed at excision and the prevention of recurrence using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or radiation therapy. Research is now focused on identifying alternative strategies to prevent the initial occurrence of HO through NSAIDs and novel inhibitors of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Shailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loder
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: blevi@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levi
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D003286:Contracture / Q000150:complications; D004551:Elbow Joint; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000150:complications; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular
keywords: Burn injury; Elbow; Heterotopic ossification; Upper extremity