title: Magneto-Dendrite Effect: Copper Electrodeposition under High Magnetic Field.
abstract: Ionic vacancy is a by-product in electrochemical reaction, composed of polarized free space of the order of 0.1 nm with a 1 s lifetime, and playing key roles in nano-electrochemical processes. However, its chemical nature has not yet been clarified. In copper electrodeposition under a high magnetic field of 15 T, using a new electrode system called cyclotron magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrode (CMHDE) composed of a pair of concentric cylindrical electrodes, we have found an extraordinary dendritic growth with a drastic positive potential shift from hydrogen-gas evolution potential. Dendritic deposition is characterized by the co-deposition of hydrogen molecule, but such a positive potential shift makes hydrogen-gas evolution impossible. However, in the high magnetic field, instead of flat deposit, remarkable dendritic growth emerged. By examining the chemical nature of ionic vacancy, it was concluded that ionic vacancy works on the dendrite formation with the extraordinary potential shift.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Polytechnic College, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Yamagata College of Industry and Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata 990-2473, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshikiri
authors.affiliation: Yoshino Denka Kogyo, Inc., Yoshikawa, Saitama 342-0008, Japan.|Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.|National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Saitama Prefectural Showa Water Filtration Plant, Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0113, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.affiliation: Yokohama Harbor Polytechnic College, Naka, Yokohama 231-0811, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Koriyama Technical Academy, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8816, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.|Polytechnic University, Sumida, Tokyo 130-0026, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aogaki