title: Ultrastructural changes in Raillietina (Platyhelminthes: cestoda), exposed to sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (SQDG), isolated from Neem (Azadirachta indica).
abstract: Neem (Azadirachta indica), has been known to be a curative for various ailments and diseases in the traditional Indian medicinal system from times immemorial. A glycolipid sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (SQDG) isolated from the leaves of neem has been found to be a proactive antibacterial and antiviral agent in previous studies. The current communication pertains to the anthelmintic activity of SQDG in vitro against a model cestode Raillietina spp. The results of efficacy tests showed a paralysis time of 1.0 ± 0.1 and 0.7 ± 0.01 h, whereas death time of 1.6 ± 0.3 and 0.9 ± 0.02 h, following treatments with dosages of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic studies showed significant and unique changes in the ultrastructure of the worms with prominent breakages and furrows on the surface.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Jadavpur , India.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.affiliation: b Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Jadavpur , India.
authors.forename: Yogesh P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Bharitkar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Zoology , Jhargram Raj College , Jhargram , India.
authors.forename: Sanatan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murmu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Jadavpur , India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.affiliation: b Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Jadavpur , India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravichandiran
authors.affiliation: c Department of Zoology , Jhargram Raj College , Jhargram , India.
authors.forename: Pradip Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Jadavpur , India.
authors.forename: Nirup Bikash
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Mondal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D002589:Cestoda / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002645:Chickens / Q000469:parasitology; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D006017:Glycolipids; C013694:sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride
keywords: Anthelminthic; Azadirachta indica; Raillietina; SEM; anticestodal efficacy; sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride