title: Heavy metal monitoring, analysis and prediction in lakes and rivers: state of the art.
abstract: Several research efforts have been conducted to monitor and analyze the impact of environmental factors on the heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical properties of water bodies (lakes and rivers) in different countries worldwide. This article provides a general overview of the previous works that have been completed in monitoring and analyzing heavy metals. The intention of this review is to introduce the historical studies to distinguish and understand the previous challenges faced by researchers in analyzing heavy metal accumulation. In addition, this review introduces a survey on the importance of time increment sampling (monthly and/or seasonally) to comprehend and determine the rate of change of different parameters on a monthly and seasonal basis. Furthermore, suggestions are made for future research to achieve more understandable figures on heavy metal accumulation by considering climate conditions. Thus, the intent of the current study is the provision of reliable models for predicting future heavy metal accumulation in water bodies in different climates and pollution conditions so that water management can be achieved using intelligent proactive strategies and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elzwayie
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Haitham Abdulmohsin
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Afan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Falah
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Allawi
authors.affiliation: Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. elshafie@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Shafie
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Analytical solution; Climate condition; Heavy metal; Monitoring schedule; Prediction model; Water pollution