title: External apical root resorption concurrent with orthodontic forces: the genetic influence.
abstract: Root resorption is a pathological process of multifactorial origin related to the permanent loss of dental root structure in response to a mechanical, inflammatory, autoimmune or infectious stimulus. External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent clinical complication secondary to orthodontic tooth movement; apart from variables related to treatment, environmental factors and/or interindividual genetic variations can confer susceptibility or resistance to its occurrence. In this context, genetic predisposition has been described as an etiological factor, together with mechanical factors derived from orthodontic treatment. In recent years, international research groups have determined the degree of influence of some genetic biomarkers in defining increased/reduced susceptibility to postorthodontic EARR. The influences of the IL1 gene cluster (IL1B, IL1A, IL1RN, IL6), P2RX7, CASP1, OPG (TNFRSF11B), RANK (TNFRSF11A), Osteopontin (OPN), TNFα, the vitamin D receptor (TaqI), TNSALP and IRAK1 have been analyzed. The objective of the present review study was to compile and analyze the latest information about the genetic background predisposing to EARR during orthodontic treatment. Genetics-based studies along with other basic science research in the field might help to clarify the exact nature of EARR, the influence of genetic inheritance and possibly lead to the prevention or even eradication of this phenomenon during orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Stomatology , School of Dentistry, University of Seville , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nieto-Nieto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Stomatology , School of Dentistry, University of Seville , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.affiliation: a Department of Stomatology , School of Dentistry, University of Seville , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yañez-Vico
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
keywords: External apical root resorption; aetiology; genetics; orthodontic treatment; orthodontics