title: Synephrine - A potential biomarker for orange honey authenticity.
abstract: A LC-MS/MS method for synephrine as a biomarker for orange honey authenticity was developed and validated. The sample was extracted with 5% TCA and cleaned up with Florisil providing 83.7% recoveries. Ions transitions for quantification and identification were 168→135.0 and 168→107.0, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.66 and 1.0ng/g, respectively. Synephrine was detected in orange honey at levels from 79.2 to 432.2ng/g, but not in other monofloral honeys. It was also present in some wildflower honeys (9.4-236.5ng/g), showing contribution of citrus to this polyfloral honey. Results were confirmed by qualitative pollen analysis. No citrus pollen was detected in honey containing synephrine levels ≤43.8ng/g, suggesting that synephrine in honey is more sensitive compared to pollen analysis. Synephrine was found in citrus but not in other apiculture flowers. Therefore, synephrine is a botanical marker to differentiate and attest authenticity of orange honey.
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tette
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Recursos Vegetais e Opoterápicos, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Gameleira, CEP 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Esther M A F
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 2, sala 4029, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, bloco 3, sala 2091, Pampulha, CEP 31210-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: mbeatriz@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gloria
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry; D013578:Synephrine / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D013578:Synephrine
keywords: Amines; Biomarker; Botanical origin; Citrus honey; Honey; Orange honey; Synephrine; Synephrine (PubChem CID: 7172)