title: Effect of Paullinia cupana Mart. Commercial Extract During the Aging of Middle Age Wistar Rats: Differential Effects on the Hippocampus and Striatum.
abstract: During aging, there is a marked decline in the antioxidant capacity of brain tissue, leading to a gradual loss of the antioxidant/oxidant balance, which causes oxidative damage. The effects of Paullinia cupana Mart. extract, which is described as being rich in caffeine and many polyphenol compounds, on the central nervous system have not been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to therefore investigate the effect of a commercial guarana extract (CGE) on cognitive function, oxidative stress, and brain homeostasis proteins related to cognitive injury and senescence in middle age, male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly assigned to a group according to their treatment (saline, CGE, or caffeine). Solutions were administered daily by oral gavage for 6 months. Open field and novel object recognition tasks were performed before and after treatment. Biochemical analyses were carried out on the hippocampus and striatum. Our open field data showed an increase in exploratory activity and a decrease in anxiety-like behavior with caffeine but not with the CGE treatment. In the CGE-treated group, catalase activity decreased in the hippocampus and increased in the striatum. Analyses of the hippocampus and striatum indicate that CGE and/or caffeine altered some of the analyzed parameters in a tissue-specific manner. Our data suggest that CGE intake does not improve cognitive development, but modifies the oxidative stress machinery and neurodegenerative-signaling pathway, inhibiting pro-survival pathway molecules in the hippocampus and striatum. This may contribute to the development of unfavorable microenvironments in the brain and neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil. moara.rmingori@gmail.com.|Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. moara.rmingori@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Moara Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mingori
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil.|Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heimfarth
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Laboratório de Pediatria Translacional (LPT), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Grupo de Pesquisa, Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charles Francisco
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique Mautone
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil.|Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Suzana
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roncato
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeidán-Chuliá
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil.|Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Pens
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gelain
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil.|Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Cláudio Fonseca
authors.initials: JCF
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D032126:Paullinia; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Aging; Caffeine; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroprotection; Paullinia cupana commercial extract; Polyphenols