title: Ultra-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (US-CRP) in Patients With Periodontal Disease and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine if the US-CRP values associated with periodontal disease are risk markers for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and to determine if the US-CRP levels associated with recent AMI are higher in patients with Periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to meet the goal of the study, a case control study design was conducted. The analysis sample consisted of 401 adults (30 - 75 years old), living in Bogota D.C., Colombia, from the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, the Faculty of Dentistry at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, and the Fundacion Cardio Infantil. Patients with current infections, antibiotic use in the last 3 months, periodontal treatment at least six months before the baseline of this study, mouth ulcerations caused by any type of prosthesis, candidiasis, stomatitis, or less than 7 teeth in mouth were excluded. Periodontal examination for the case group and the control group was conducted by three previously calibrated examiners. Periodontal disease was diagnosed by the presence of bleeding on probing and attachment loss. The Chronic Periodontitis diagnosis was confirmed with these clinical signs, according to the 1999 Armitage classification. The assessment of the US-CRP was performed using the IMMULITE method containing one monoclonal and one polyclonal anti-CRP antibody. This method provides a measurement range of 0.1 - 500 mg/L. Statistical analysis of variables was performed with OR and confidence intervals. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between the US-CRP increase, periodontal disease and acute myocardial infarction, adjusting for smoking and other confounding factors identified in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population was constituted by 401 patients, 56.1% (225) males, with a mean age of 52.6. When groups were compared it was observed that, in those patients with AMI and chronic severe or moderate periodontitis, 24.2% had HDL-C values lower than 40 mg/dl, 78.8% had LDL-C values higher than 100 mg/dl, 55.2% had triglycerides over 150 mg/dl, and US-CRP over 2 mg/L in 53.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal disease (moderate, severe, and chronic periodontal disease) may increase the risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) by increasing the US-CRP levels.
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
authors.forename: Catalina Latorre
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Uriza
authors.affiliation: Graduate Periodontics Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
authors.forename: Francina Escobar
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Arregoces
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juliana Velosa
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Porras
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz Ferro
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
authors.forename: Alvaro Ruiz
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Morales
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Periodontal disease; Smoking; Ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein