title: Stent-mediated gene and drug delivery for cardiovascular disease and cancer: A brief insight.
abstract: This review concisely recapitulates the different existing modes of stent-mediated gene/drug delivery, their considerable advancement in clinical trials and a rationale for other merging new technologies such as nanotechnology and microRNA-based therapeutics, in addition to addressing the limitations in each of these perpetual stent platforms. Over the past decade, stent-mediated gene/drug delivery has materialized as a hopeful alternative for cardiovascular disease and cancer in contrast to routine conventional treatment modalities. Regardless of the phenomenal recent developments achieved by coronary interventions and cancer therapies that employ gene and drug-eluting stents, practical hurdles still remain a challenge. The present review highlights the limitations that each of the existing stent-based gene/drug delivery system encompasses and therefore provides a vision for the future with respect to discovering an ideal stent therapeutic platform that would circumvent all the practical hurdles witnessed with the existing technology. Further study of the improvisation of next-generation drug-eluting stents has helped to overcome the issue of restenosis to some extent. However, current stent formulations fall short of the anticipated clinically meaningful outcomes and there is an explicit need for more randomized trials aiming to further evaluate stent platforms in favour of enhanced safety and clinical value. Gene-eluting stents may hold promise in contributing new ideas for stent-based prevention of in-stent restenosis through genetic interventions by capitalizing on a wide variety of molecular targets. Therefore, the central consideration directs us toward finding an ideal stent therapeutic platform that would tackle all of the gaps in the existing technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Akshaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnagopal
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Aakash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Dwaipayan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-494X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: gene-eluting and drug-eluting stents; miRNA therapeutics; nanotechnology; restenosis; stent gene therapy