title: Vertically-Oriented and Shape-Tailored Electrocatalytic Metal Nanowire Arrays for Enzyme-Free Galactosemia Rapid Diagnosis.
abstract: Metallic catalytic nanowires such as nickel and copper nanowires (NWs) for electrochemical detection of carbohydrates involved in metabolic rare diseases are proposed. NWs were electrodeposited using a polycarbonate membrane template, which was cut with the desired shape, stuck in double-sided adhesive tape, pasted into a non-conductive substrate and in situ removed. This simple and versatile approach allowed to obtain NWs vertically oriented (v-NWs), which are contained in the double-sided adhesive tape, becoming highly versatile. The high specific surface of working electrode in which the transduction is supported exclusively by the nanomaterial yielded a high analytical performance [extremely low fouling for galactose (RSD<2 %; n=25)]. Likewise, v-NWs exhibited a superior analytical performance with respect to commercial sputtered thick-film electrodes showing also a clear advantage related with the price, as well as with non-need clean room facilities. The analytical potency of the new approach was clearly demonstrated towards the fast and reliable diagnosis of galactosemia using precious newborn urine samples compared to standard clinical diagnosis. These results revealed new opportunities for future enzyme-free diagnosis and development of future point-of-care applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Carmona
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7302-0948
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escarpa
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005693:Galactosemias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel
keywords: electrochemistry; galactosemia; metabolic diseases; nickel and copper nanowires; point-of-care diagnostics