title: Morphoanatomical and physiological changes in Bauhinia variegata L. as indicators of herbicide diuron action.
abstract: The wide use of the herbicide diuron has compromised surrounding uncultivated areas, resulting in acute and/or chronic damage to non-target plants. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate physiological and morphoanatomical responses in Bauhinia variegata L. plants to different doses of diuron. Seedlings of 90-day-old B. variegata were transplanted into 10liter pots. After an acclimation period (about 30 days), treatments consisting of different diuron doses were applied: 0 (control), 400, 800, 1600, and 2400g ai ha-1. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 5×5 factorial scheme with five doses of diuron five evaluation times, and five replicates per treatment. Anatomical and physiological injuries were observed in leaves of Bauhina variegata 10h after diuron application. Disruption of waxes was observed on both sides of the leaves of plants exposed since the lowest dose. Plasmolysis in cells were observed in treated leaves; more severe damage was observed in plants exposed to higher doses, resulting in rupture of epidermis. The diuron herbicide also caused gradual reduction in the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables. Among the morphoanatomical and physiological variables analyzed, the non-invasive ones (e.g., ETR, YII, and Fv/Fm) may be used as biomarkers of diuron action in association with visible symptoms. In addition, changes in leaf blade waxes and chlorophyll parenchyma damage may also be considered additional leaf biomarkers of diuron herbicide action.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: demily.andromeda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dêmily Andrômeda de
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: caroline.muller@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: alcarcos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alan Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: priscilaferreira.bio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Priscila Ferreira
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: valdnea.dalvi@ifgoiano.edu.br.
authors.forename: Valdnéa Casagrande
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dalvi
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mmingos@superig.com.br.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domingos
mesh_terms: D036481:Bauhinia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004237:Diuron / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014885:Waxes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014885:Waxes; D002734:Chlorophyll; D004237:Diuron
keywords: Biomonitoring; Cerrado; Chlorophyll a fluorescence; Photosynthesis; Visible injury