title: Influence of Nitric Oxide generated through microwave plasma on L6 skeletal muscle cell myogenesis via oxidative signaling pathways.
abstract: Myogenic precursors are myoblasts that have a potency to differentiate into muscle fibers on injury and maintain the regenerative power of skeletal muscle. However, the roles of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in muscle development and myoblast differentiation are largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of exogenous NO generated by a microwave plasma torch on rat myoblastic L6 cell proliferation and differentiation. We observed that the differentiation of L6 myogenic precursor cells into myotubes was significantly enhanced after NO treatment. The expression of the myogenesis marker proteins and mRNA level, such as myoD, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC), as well as the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level, were significantly increased after the NO treatment, without creating toxicity. Moreover, we observed that the oxidative stress signaling [extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erks), ﻿and Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] phosphorylation was higher in NO treated cells than in the control cells [without NO treatment]. Therefore, these results reveal the exogenous NO role in regulating myoblast differentiation through the oxidative stress signaling pathway. Through this work, we can suggest that exogenous NO can help in cell differentiation and tissue regeneration, which provides new possibilities for plasma medicine.
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea. hsuhm@kw.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Han Sup
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-884X
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Uhm
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea. ehchoi@kw.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eun Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea. chem.pankaj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Attri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002460:Cell Line; D051379:Mice; D008872:Microwaves; D008954:Models, Biological; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014404:Tubulin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains