title: Biomarkers and Functional Decline in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Little is known of possible associations between Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) change over time.
  
  
  
  The present study seeks to identify relationships between baseline imaging and fluid biomarker profiles, and decline in IADL utilizing data collated from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort.
  
  
  
  Generalized estimating equations analysis, adjusted for cognitive deterioration, was applied to a cohort of 509 individuals from all stages of ADNI, including 156 healthy controls, 189 early mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 164 MCI patients.
  
  
  
  A significant correlation was found between baseline biomarkers, specifically CSF Aβ and FDG PET, and IADL change over a 3-year period in individuals with MCI. Importantly, comparable correlations between presence of pathological biomarker levels and temporal decline in both functional and cognitive performance were also noted.
  
  
  
  We show that distinct baseline biomarkers may predict latent changes in IADL. Our results necessitate a revision of the commonly held view upholding cognitive changes as the predominant endpoint measure associated with presence of abnormal baseline biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.affiliation: Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.|MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Chinedu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Udeh-Momoh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagenpfeil
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schöpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras, Rion Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.affiliation: Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.|West London Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perneczky
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Activities of daily living; Alzheimer’s disease; biomarker; cerebrospinal fluid; early diagnosis; magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; prediction