title: Antinociceptive effect of natural and synthetic alkamides involves TRPV1 receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the role of TRPV1 receptor in the antinociceptive effect of natural alkamides (i.e. affinin, longipinamide A, longipenamide A and longipenamide B) isolated from Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) S.F. Blake and some related synthetic alkamides (i.e. N-isobutyl-feruloylamide and N-isobutyl-dihydroferuloylamide).
  
  
  METHODS
  The orofacial formalin test was used to assess the antinociceptive activity of natural (1-30 μg, orofacial region) and synthetic alkamides (0.1-100 μg, orofacial region). The alkamide capsaicin was used as positive control, while capsazepine was used to evaluate the possible participation of TRPV1 receptor in alkamide-induced antinociception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Natural (1-30 μg) and synthetic (0.1-100 μg) alkamides administered to the orofacial region produced antinociception in mice. The antinociceptive effect induced by affinin, N-isobutyl-feruloylamide and N-isobutyl-dihydroferuloylamide was antagonized by capsazepine but not by vehicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that alkamide affinin, longipinamide A, longipenamide A and longipenamide B isolated from Heliopsis longipes as well as the synthesized analogue compounds N-isobutyl-feruloylamide and N-isobutyl-dihydroferuloylamide produce their effects by activating TRPV1 receptor and they may have potential for the development of new analgesic drugs for the treatment of orofacial pain.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Vianey
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de la Rosa-Lugo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Macdiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acevedo-Quiroz
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Myrna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-9486
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Déciga-Campos
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: María Yolanda
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Rios
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000700:Analgesics; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494484:TRPV1 receptor; C071423:capsazepine; D002211:Capsaicin
keywords: Heliopsis longipes; affinin; alkamides; antinociception; capsaicin