title: Effect of topical nepafenac in prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of topical Nepafenac (0.1%), administered post-operatively in prevention of Macular Edema (ME), after cataract surgery in patients with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized control trial was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from Sep 2015 to Sep 2016. Sixty eyes of 60 patients with NPDR underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Group 1 received 0.1% Nepafenac, 8-hourly, in operated eye after cataract surgery for three months, along with routine post-operative medications. Group-2 received only routine post-operative medications. ME was defined as increase in Central Macular Thickness (CMT) of >10% from pre-operative baseline, measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of study population was 60.97±4.91 years. Out of 60 patients, 34 (56.7%) were males and 24 (43.3%) were females. Mean pre-operative CMT, 3 months post-operative CMT, mean change in CMT and mean frequency change in CMT of Group-1 was 226.5±10.86µm, 228.83±14.56 µm, 2.33±10.45 µm and 1.05% respectively. Mean pre-operative CMT, three months post-operative CMT, mean change in CMT and mean frequency change in CMT in Group-2 was 223.93±11.69µm, 236.17±16.16 µm, 12.23±12.40µm and 5.51% respectively. ME was observed in one patient (3.3%) in Group-1, and seven patients (23.3%) in Group 2. The difference of mean change in CMT and frequency change in CMT between groups was statistically significant (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  0.1% topical Nepafenac is effective in prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Haroon Sarfraz, MBBS. Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Haroon
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sarfraz
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rana Intisar Ul Haq, MCPS(Ophth), FCPS(Ophth). Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rana Intisar Ul
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohammad Asim Mehboob, MBBS. PNS Shifa Naval Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Asim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mehboob
keywords: Cataract Surgery; Macular Edema; Nepafenac; Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy