title: Excess Manganese-Induced Apoptosis in Chicken Cerebrums and Embryonic Neurocytes.
abstract: There were many studies about the effect of excess manganese (Mn) on nervous system apoptosis; however, Mn-induced apoptosis in chicken cerebrums and embryonic neurocytes was unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excess Mn on chicken cerebrum and embryonic neurocyte apoptosis. Seven-day-old Hyline male chickens were fed either a commercial diet or three levels of manganese chloride (MnCl2)-added commercial diets containing 600-, 900-, and 1800-mg/kg-Mn diet, respectively. On the 30th, 60th, and 90th days, cerebrums were collected. Fertilized Hyline chicken eggs were hatched for 6-8 days and were selected. Embryonic neurocytes with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mM Mn were collected and were cultured for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, respectively. The following research contents were performed: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities; tumor protein p53 (p53), B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B cell lymphoma extra large (Bcl-x), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak), fas, and caspase-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression; and morphologic observation. The results indicated that excess Mn inhibited SOD and T-AOC activities; induced p53, Bax, Bak, fas, and caspase-3 mRNA expression; and inhibited Bcl-2 and Bcl-x mRNA expression in chicken cerebrums and embryonic neurocytes. There were dose-dependent manners on all the above factors at all the time points and time-dependent manners on SOD activity of 1800-mg/kg-Mn group, T-AOC activity, and apoptosis-related gene mRNA expression in all the treatment groups in chicken cerebrums. Excess Mn induced chicken cerebrum and embryonic neurocyte apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yihao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China. lishu@neau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China. tengxiaohua@neau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-3325
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D030161:Avian Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D002712:Chlorides; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D008345:Manganese; C025340:manganese chloride
keywords: Apoptosis; Cerebrum; Chicken; Manganese; Neurocyte