title: A protective role for nitric oxide and salicylic acid for arsenite phytotoxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) and salicylic acid (SA) are important signaling molecules in plant system. In the present study both NO and SA showed a protective role against arsenite (AsIII) stress in rice plants when supplied exogenously. The application of NO and SA alleviated the negative impact of AsIIIon plant growth. Nitric oxide supplementation to AsIIItreated plants greatly decreased arsenic (As) accumulation in the roots as well as shoots/roots translocation factor. Arsenite exposure in plants decreased the endogenous levels of NO and SA. Exogenous supplementation of SA not only enhanced endogenous level of SA but also the level of NO through enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity, whether AsIIIwas present or not. Exogenously supplied NO decreased the NR activity and level of endogenous NO. Arsenic accumulation was positively correlated with the expression level of OsLsi1, a transporter responsible for AsIIIuptake. The endogenous level of NO and SA were positively correlated to each other either when AsIIIwas present or not. This close relationship indicates that NO and SA work in harmony to modulate the signaling response in AsIIIstressed plants.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: amitcomrade@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amit Pal
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: gariimaa21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Garima
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: amit_gene@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: seema_mishra2007@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: navinmsbc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: sameerdxt646@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: pkdk2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pradyumna Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: drs_dwived@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: prabodht@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Prabodh Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: v.pandey@nbri.res.in.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: parkash@umass.edu.
authors.forename: Om Prakash
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Dhankher
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9320, USA; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: g.norton@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: chakrabartyd@nbri.res.in.
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chakrabarty
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. Electronic address: tripathi_rd@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Rudra Deo
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Tripathi
mesh_terms: D018053:Arsenites / Q000633:toxicity*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018527:Hydroponics; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007501:Iron; C015001:arsenite; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Arsenic; Nitric oxide; Rice; Salicylic acid; Transporters