title: Sleep Disturbances in Individuals With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Correlation With Caregivers' Sleep Quality and Daytime Functioning.
abstract: The aims of this study were to document sleep disturbances in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), to assess whether these individuals had been evaluated for sleep disorders, and to examine relationships between the sleep behavior of these individuals and the sleep behavior and daytime functioning of their caregivers.
  
  
  
  Participants were 193 caregivers of individuals with PMS recruited by the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation. Data were collected through a survey comprising 2 questionnaires: the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Parents' Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses, Pearson correlation analyses, and independent-samples t-tests.
  
  
  
  Ninety percent of individuals with PMS showed evidence of marked sleep disturbance based on caregiver responses to the CSHQ. However, only 22% of individuals had undergone a formal sleep assessment. Reported increased sleep disturbance in individuals with PMS was a statistically significant predictor of reported increased sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness in their caregivers.
  
  
  
  Sleep disturbance may be present in a substantial proportion of individuals with PMS and is negatively associated with caregivers' well-being. However, most individuals with PMS have not been evaluated for sleep disorders. When properly diagnosed, many sleep disorders can be alleviated with intervention. Thus, routine screening for and evaluation of sleep disturbances in individuals with PMS may have long-term positive impacts on the well-being of these individuals and their caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Piper Cancer Institute, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Della
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Department of Sleep Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Sunnyvale, CA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Primeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanson-Kahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallmayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 22q13.3 deletion syndrome.; Phelan-McDermid syndrome; neurodevelopmental disorders; sleep disturbances