title: The impact of advanced proteomics in the search for markers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer.
abstract: Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors are known to contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, many of which produce molecules that serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, urine, and tissue are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be derived from either the nucleus or the mitochondria. Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the high-throughput profiling of data generated from bladder cancer-related proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a wealth of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, the transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another remains the main disadvantage of these methods, a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization. This review summarizes the latest discoveries and progress of biomarker identification for the early diagnosis, projected prognosis, and therapeutic response of bladder cancer, informs the readers of the current status of proteomic-based biomarker findings, and suggests avenues for future work.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongshuo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Propaganda, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: 3 Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.|4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: 7 Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hanfu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 8 Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 9 Department of Hospital Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: 10 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: 11 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: 12 Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Bladder cancer; diagnosis; prognosis; proteomics; treatment