title: [Non-specific immunotherapy inhibits angiogenesis - results of the monitoring of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 8 in patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant high-dose interferon therapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interestingly, evidence is currently emerging that the activation of angiogenesis leads to immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive effects both at the local and systemic levels. These are very complex and interconnected processes. In this study, our aim was to establish interferon alpha-2b as an anti-angiogenic agent and show the complexity of angiogenesis and immunomodulation through the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in high-risk resected malignant melanoma before and after adjuvant therapy with high-dose interferon alpha-2b (HDI). Clinical outcomes of patients were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively measured the serum levels of VEGF and MMP-8 by ELISA in 29 patients with high-risk resected malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant HDI. Blood samples were collected before and within one week after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To see the results clearly, we divided our patients into two groups. The first group of patients whose VEGF serum level decreased after HDI (66%) showed long-term complete remission. The mean VEGF serum level in these patients decreased from 779.4 pg/ml to 446.2 pg/ml. This downward trend in VEGF was statistically significant. The second group of patients who did not show a decrease in VEGF serum level after HDI (34%) had no clinical benefit from the treatment. The mean VEGF serum levels in group 2 patients were 408 pg/ml before the treatment and 500 pg/ml after HDI. Results for MMP-8 were ambivalent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-specific immunotherapy with interferons reduces angiogenesis. Our results are in line with the current view of the interconnection and complexity of angiogenesis and immunomodulation/immunosuppression. Non-specific immunotherapy with interferons disrupts the immunosup-pressive effect of the angiogenesis on the development of immune response against tumours and supports anti-tumour response in both direct and indirect way. The interference of HDI with the activation of angiogenesis and tumour progression could explain good clinical outcomes of patients with a decrease in serum VEGF. The outcomes of MMP-8 are inconclusive, its role remain unclear, and MMP-8 does not seem to function as a tumour suppressor.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prošvicová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopecký
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Priester
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Slánská
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trojanová
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paulík
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jílková
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.forename: Š
authors.initials: Š
authors.lastname: Lukešová
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prošvic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knížek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrýs
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000097:blood; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007372:Interferons; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8
keywords: angiogenesis - immunomodulation - interferon alpha-2b - adjuvant therapy - malignant melanoma.