title: The Case of the Disappearing (and Re-Appearing) Particle.
abstract: A novel prediction is derived by the Two-State-Vector-Formalism (TSVF) for a particle superposed over three boxes. Under appropriate pre- and post-selections, and with tunneling enabled between two of the boxes, it is possible to derive not only one, but three predictions for three different times within the intermediate interval. These predictions are moreover contradictory. The particle (when looked for using a projective measurement) seems to disappear from the first box where it would have been previously found with certainty, appearing instead within the third box, to which no tunneling is possible, and later re-appearing within the second. It turns out that local measurement (i.e. opening one of the boxes) fails to indicate the particle's presence, but subtler measurements performed on the two boxes together reveal the particle's nonlocal modular momentum spatially separated from its mass. Another advance of this setting is that, unlike other predictions of the TSVF that rely on weak and/or counterfactual measurements, the present one uses actual projective measurements. This outcome is then corroborated by adding weak measurements and the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The results strengthen the recently suggested time-symmetric Heisenberg ontology based on nonlocal deterministic operators. They can be also tested using the newly developed quantum router.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.|Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.|Iyar, The Israeli Institute for Advanced Research, POB 651, Zichron, Ya'akov, 3095303, Israel.
authors.forename: Yakir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aharonov
authors.affiliation: Iyar, The Israeli Institute for Advanced Research, POB 651, Zichron, Ya'akov, 3095303, Israel. eliahu.cohen@bristol.ac.uk.|H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK. eliahu.cohen@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eliahu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landau
authors.affiliation: Iyar, The Israeli Institute for Advanced Research, POB 651, Zichron, Ya'akov, 3095303, Israel.
authors.forename: Avshalom C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-5986
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Elitzur