title: Relationship between mechanical factors and pelvic tilt in adults with and without low back pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of the lumbo-pelvic complex parameters is the basic procedure during the examination of the patients with low back pain syndrome (LBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to define the relationship between pelvic tilt and following factors: age, BMI, ability to activate deep abdominal muscles, iliopsoas and hamstrings muscles length, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angle value, in adults with and without low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study covered a group of 60 female students aged 20-26. Average age was 22 years ± 1.83 (median = 22.5 years). In order to investigate the relationship between the anterior pelvic tilt and the analysed variables, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with and without pain differed significantly in terms of age, p < 0.001. There was a statistically significant relationship between the anterior pelvic tilt and the LBP (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.049) and the lumbar lordosis (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The position of the pelvis depends on age, angle value of lumbar lordosis and BMI. Individuals with and without pain differed significantly in terms of the anterior pelvic tilt. The risk of LBP incidence increased with age in the study group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Król
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, The University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szczygieł
authors.affiliation: Day Care Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wójcik
authors.affiliation: Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Klaudia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gleb
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D000070633:Hamstring Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000150:complications; D016014:Linear Models; D008141:Lordosis / Q000150:complications; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010388:Pelvis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Pelvic tilt; low back pain; lumbar lordosis; muscle length