title: Antigenic diversity of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in Asia.
abstract: H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have spread in both poultry and wild birds since late 2003. Continued circulation of HPAIV in poultry in several regions of the world has led to antigenic drift. In the present study, we analyzed the antigenic properties of H5 HPAIV isolated in Asia using four neutralizing mAbs recognizing hemagglutinin, which were established using A/chicken/Kumamoto/1-7/2014 (H5N8), belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 and also using polyclonal antibodies. Viruses of clades 1.1, 2.3.2.1, 2.3.4, and 2.3.4.4 had different reactivity patterns to the panel of mAbs, thereby indicating that the antigenicity of the viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 were similar but differed from the other clades. In particular, the antigenicity of the viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 differed from those of the viruses of clades 2.3.4 and 2.3.2.1, which suggests that the recent H5 HPAIV have further evolved antigenically divergent. In addition, reactivity of antiserum suggests that the antigenicity of viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 differed slightly among groups A, B, and C. Vaccines are still used in poultry in endemic countries, so the antigenicity of H5 HPAIV should be monitored continually to facilitate control of avian influenza. The panel of mAbs established in the present study will be useful for detecting antigenic drift in the H5 viruses that emerge from the current strains.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohkawara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065.|Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065.|United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.
authors.forename: Duc-Huy
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.
authors.forename: Lam Thanh
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiono
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.|Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.|Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.|Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001208:Asia; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D004372:Ducks / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000071225:Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; C109963:hemagglutinin, avian influenza A virus
keywords: H5N8; antigenicity; hemagglutinin; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus