title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion during cycling exercise on affective valence and activation in recreational exercisers.
abstract: Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion enhances "feel-good" responses during acute exercise but no study has examined the effect of regular ingestion of CHO on affective valence. We investigated the effect of CHO ingestion on perceptual responses and perceived work intensity of individual exercise sessions throughout a 10-week cycling ("spin") exercise intervention. We also assessed whether any changes in affect and/or perceived work intensity would influence health and fitness parameters. Twelve recreational exercisers (46 ± 9 years; nine females and three males) were randomly allocated to either CHO (7.5% CHO; 5 mL · kg-1per exercise session; n = 6; CHO) or placebo (0% CHO, taste- and volume-matched solution; n = 6; PLA) groups. Participants exercised 2 × 45-min per week, over a 10-week intervention period. Perceptual measures of exertion (RPE), affect (feeling scale, FS) and activation (felt arousal scale, FAS) were assessed after each exercise session. The FAS ratings increased over time in CHO but decreased throughout the intervention in PLA (P = 0.03). There were no differences in heart rate (P = 0.70), RPE (P = 0.05) and FS (P = 0.84) between trials. Furthermore, no changes in health and fitness parameters were observed over time or between groups. CHO ingestion enhanced ratings of activation in recreational exercisers throughout a 10-week cycling intervention.
authors.affiliation: a Exercise Health and Performance Research Group , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: b School of Food and Nutrition , Massey University , Auckland , New Zealand.|d Centre for Metabolic Health Research , Massey University , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rutherfurd-Markwick
authors.affiliation: c School of Sport and Exercise , Massey University , Auckland , New Zealand.|d Centre for Metabolic Health Research , Massey University , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ajmol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: Feel-good response; circumplex model; feeling scale; felt arousal scale