title: Vitamin D and hypertension: Prospective study and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study sought to determine the link between vitamin D concentrations and incident hypertension in prospective study and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was embedded in the Kailuan Study, a population-based cohort of adults that contains underground miners. In 2012, we studied 2,456 men and women free of prevalent hypertension, age 21 to 67 at baseline. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured from previously frozen baseline samples using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoadSorbent Assay). We use the logistic regression analysis to estimate the odd radio (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with incident hypertension. To help place our new data in context, we conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of previous prospective reports of vitamin D and hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 2 years, 42.6% of the cohort (n = 1047) developed hypertension. Compared with the 25-hydroxyvitamin D >30ng/ml, 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml was associated with a greater hypertension risk (OR: 1.225 [95% CI: 1.010 to 1.485] p = 0.04), although the association was attenuated and not statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders (OR: 1.092 [95% CI: 0.866 to 1.377] p = 0.456). This meta-analysis included seven prospective studies for 53,375 participants using adjusted HR founded a significant association between vitamin D deficiencies and incident hypertension (HRs = 1.235 (95% CI: 1.083 to 1.409, p = 0.002)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension. More research is needed to further determine the role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in hypertension prevention and therapy.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lu
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology. Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Professor, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D