title: Fructose: Toxic effect on cardiorenal risk factors and redox state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of fructose consumption on the antioxidant capacity in heart and kidney, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and evaluation of these variables after its removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into control group (n = 12): standard chow + water or F group: standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) for 15 weeks. After, F group was divided to continue receiving standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n = 12) or standard chow + water (Ex group, n = 12) for 9 weeks. Water, chow and caloric diaries intake, final body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose and triacylglycerol, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac and renal hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control and Ex groups consumed less chow and water compared to F group. Caloric intake was higher in control group. There was no difference in final body weight and adiposity index. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac and renal hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were worst in F group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged exposure to fructose induces oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure, and increase in triacylglycerol. When stopped fructose consumption, Ex group presented improvement in these variables, suggesting the toxicity effect of fructose when consumed in high amounts and prolonged exposure.
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Fabiane V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Francisqueti
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Klinsmann C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Artur Jt
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ferron
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Angelo Tc
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu; State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Igor O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Minatel
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Dijon Hs
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Ana Lucia A
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu.
authors.forename: Camila R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Corrêa
keywords: Antioxidant imbalance; blood pressure; obesity