title: Alterations of the murine gut microbiome in allergic airway disease are independent of surfactant protein D.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SP-D is an important host defense lectin in innate immunity and SP-D deficient mice show several abnormal immune effects and are susceptible to allergen-induced airway disease. At the same time, host microbiome interactions play an important role in the development of allergic airway disease, and alterations to gut microbiota have been linked to airway disease through the gut-lung axis. Currently, it is unknown if the genotype (Sftpd-/- or Sftpd+/+) of the standard SP-D mouse model can affect the host microbiota to such an degree that it would overcome the cohousing effect on microbiota and interfere with the interpretation of immunological data from the model. Generally, little is known about the effect of the SP-D protein in itself and in combination with airway disease on the microbiota. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that microbiome composition would change with the lack of SP-D protein and presence of allergic airway disease in the widely used SP-D-deficient mouse model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe here for the first time the lung and gut microbiota of the SP-D mouse model with OVA induced allergic airway disease. After the challenge animals were killed and fecal samples were taken from the caecum and lungs were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage for comparison of gut and lung microbiota by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A significant community shift was observed in gut microbiota after challenge with OVA. However, the microbial communities were not significantly different between SP-D deficient and wild type mice from the same cages in either naïve or OVA treated animals. Wild type animals did however show the largest variation between mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the composition of the microbiota is not influenced by the SP-D deficient genotype under naïve or OVA induced airway disease. However, OVA sensitization and pulmonary challenge did alter the gut microbiota, supporting a bidirectional lung-gut crosstalk. Future mechanistic investigations of the influence of induced allergic airway disease on gut microbiota are warranted.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kenneth K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Barfod
authors.affiliation: University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Microbiology, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roggenbuck
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Shuweli
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of public health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fakih
authors.affiliation: University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Microbiology, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Grith L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Sørensen
keywords: Immunology; Microbiology