title: Characterization of a protein-bound polysaccharide from Herba Epimedii and its metabolic mechanism in chronic fatigue syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Herba Epimedii is one of the famous Traditional Chinese Medicines used to treat the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The polysaccharides are the main active components in H. epimedii. The aim of this study is to discover the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of H. epimedii polysaccharides against CFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polysaccharide conjugates named HEP2-a were isolated from the leaves of H. epimedii using a water extraction method, and the general physicochemical properties of HEP2-a were analysed. In addition, a CFS rat model was established, and then, urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physicochemical properties revealed that HEP2-a had an average molecular weight of 13.6×104Da and consisted of mannose (4.41%), rhamnose (5.43%), glucose (31.26%), galactose (27.07%), arabinose (23.43%), and galacturonic acid (8.40%). The amino acids in HEP2-a include glutamate, cysteine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, and histidine. Molecular morphology studies revealed many highly curled spherical particles with diameters of 5-10µm in solids and 100-200nm for particles in water. Five metabolites in the HEP2-a group were oppositely and significantly changed compared to the CFS model group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two metabolic pathways were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with HEP2-a. The therapeutic effects of HEP2-a on CFS were partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China. Electronic address: chimu@snnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Wenfei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Yijiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; C046314:epimedii flavone
keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome; Herba Epimedii; Metabonomics; Polysaccharide