title: Arcobacter Isolation from Minced Beef Samples in Costa Rica.
abstract: The presence of Arcobacter spp. in minced meat (including beef) samples has been well documented in different countries, with varying frequencies. Nevertheless, the only Latin American country reporting this bacterium in minced beef samples is Mexico, with a 28.8% frequency in 2003. Previous studies in Costa Rica have demonstrated the presence of Arcobacter species in samples taken from the poultry production chain, but still there are no studies performed in bovine meat. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of this bacterium in 120 samples of minced beef acquired from the Central Valley region of Costa Rica and to describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates obtained. A total of 75 different Arcobacter strains were isolated from minced beef samples, for a final frequency of 48.3%. After species PCR identification, the strains were classified as A. butzleri (37.3%), A. cibarius (14.7%), A. thereius (12%), and Arcobacter spp. (36%). All samples were sensitive to gentamicin but were resistant to ampicillin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The results obtained in this study show that the frequency of isolation of Arcobacter in minced beef samples is high and that there is a high resistance rate for antibiotics in common use. This suggests that Arcobacter represents a health risk for Costa Rica and that control measures should be developed to decrease its potential impact.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Córdoba-Calderón
authors.affiliation: Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redondo-Solano
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences University (UCIMED), 10108 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro-Arias
authors.affiliation: Tropical Disease Research Center and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: María Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Arias-EchandI
keywords: 
            Arcobacter
          ; Antibiotic resistance; Minced beef