title: Signal intensity change on unenhanced T1-weighted images in dentate nucleus and globus pallidus after multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium: an intraindividual comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an increased signal intensity (SI) of dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients who had undergone multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectevely included stage III melanoma patients, who had been previously enrolled in a trial of adjuvant therapy and who had undergone whole-body contrast-enhanced MRIs with gadoxetate disodium every three months for their follow-up. The SI ratios of DN-to-pons and GP-to-thalamus on unenhanced T1-weighted images were calculated. The difference in SI ratios between the first and the last MRI examinations was assessed and a linear mixed model was performed to detect how SI ratios varied with the number of administrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients were included in our study. The number of gadoxetate disodium administrations ranged from 2 to 18. Paired t-test did not show any significant difference in DN-to-pons (p=0.21) and GP-to-thalamus (p=0.09) SI ratios by the end of the study. DN-to-pons SI ratio and GP-to-thalamus SI ratio did not significantly increase with increasing the number of administrations (p=0.14 and p=0.06, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium are not associated with increased SI in DN and GP in the brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Gadolinium may deposit in the human brain after multiple GBCA administrations. • Gadolinium deposition is associated with increased T1W signal intensity • Increase in signal intensity is most apparent within the DN and GP • Multiple administrations of gadoxetate disodium do not increase T1W signal.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy. giorgioconte.unimed@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-7389
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.|Division of Radiology, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Preda
authors.affiliation: Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cocorocchio
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raimondi
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannitto
authors.affiliation: Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minotti
authors.affiliation: Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Piano
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petralia
authors.affiliation: Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Francesco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.|Oncology and Haematology/Oncology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011149:Pons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Dentate nucleus; Gadolinium; Gadoxetate disodium; Globus pallidus; Magnetic resonance imaging