title: CARDIORESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE-BUTORPHANOL-MIDAZOLAM (DBM): A FULLY REVERSIBLE ANESTHETIC PROTOCOL IN CAPTIVE AND SEMI-FREE-RANGING CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS).
abstract: Multiple anesthesia protocols have been used in the cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus ). Twenty healthy, captive cheetahs were immobilized with dexmedetomidine (15.8 ± 1.9 μg/kg), butorphanol (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/kg), and midazolam (0.18 ± 0.03 mg/kg) by intramuscular injection. Induction, recumbency, and recovery times were recorded, and physiologic parameters were monitored. Anesthesia was antagonized with atipamezole (0.125 ± 0.02 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.1 ± 0.014 mg/kg) intramuscularly. All cheetahs were safely anesthetized with this protocol. Cheetahs were laterally recumbent by 8 ± 3.5 min. Cardiorespiratory values were stable throughout the length of anesthesia. Moderate hypertension, with systolic blood pressure ranging from 178 ± 19.8 mm Hg, was initially observed but decreased over time. There was a statistical decreasing trend in temperature; SpO2; and systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure, but not in heart rate and end-tidal CO2. Recoveries were rapid, with cheetahs standing by 11.3 ± 5.7 min postreversal administration. This is the first report of a dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam anesthetic combination in cheetahs. Overall, this anesthetic protocol proved to be safe and effective.
authors.forename: A Margarita
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Woc Colburn
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Lee-Ann C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marker
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D002612:Acinonyx; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; C050701:atipamezole; D009271:Naltrexone; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam
keywords: Acinonyx jubatus; butorphanol; cheetah; dexmedetomidine; midazolam