title: Predictive Significance of Tumor Depth and Budding for Late Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Clinical N0 Early Oral Tongue Carcinoma.
abstract: In clinical N0 early oral tongue carcinoma, treatment of occult lymph node metastasis is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the histopathological risk factors for predicting late lymph node metastasis in early oral tongue carcinoma. We retrospectively reviewed 48 patients with early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Associations between the histopathological factors (depth of tumor, differentiation, blood vessel invasion, lymphatic invasion, and tumor budding) and late lymph metastasis were analyzed. Although the univariate analysis identified blood vessel invasion, lymphatic invasion, and high-grade tumor budding as predictive factors for neck recurrence (p < 0.001), the Cox proportional hazards model identified high-grade tumor budding as an independent predictive factor (p < 0.01). The combination of a tumor depth ≥ 3 mm and high-grade tumor budding yielded high diagnostic accuracy. Tumor depth and budding grade were identified as histopathological risk factors for late neck recurrence in clinical N0 early oral tongue carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan. y-hori@kcch.jp.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokose
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Trial Management, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Morihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takita
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitsunaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oridate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Depth of tumor; Early tongue carcinoma; Lymph node metastasis; Squamous cell carcinoma; Tumor budding