title: Association between pelvic organ prolapse and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether climacteric symptoms are related to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional investigation was performed on 1382 postmenopausal women attending an outpatient service for menopause at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding climacteric symptoms, as captured by the Greene Climacteric Scale, and objective POP were retrieved from an electronic database. Additional data retrieved were age, anthropometric measures, personal and reproductive history, use of medication or drugs, coffee, smoking, state of anxiety (STAI scale score) and depression (Zung scale score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The score of Greene Climacteric Scale was higher (p=0.02) in women with (n=538) than in those without (n=844) POP (29.6±13.6 vs. 27.8±13.; p=0.02). In multiple logistic regression models, the score was independently related to POP as a whole (OR 1.012; 95%CI 1.003,1.022; p=0.009), and to bladder prolapse (OR 1.011; 95%CI 1.007,1.07; p=0.02) or to uterus prolapse (OR 1.003; 95%CI 0.99,1.016; p=0.63) or rectum prolapse (rectocele) (OR 1.004; 95%CI 0.988,1.02; p=0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In postmenopausal women, a higher burden of climacteric symptoms, is associated with POP. Underlying mechanisms were not assessed and deserve further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: angelo.cagnacci@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Anjeza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xholli
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003069:Coffee; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D052858:Cystocele / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D020047:Rectocele / Q000453:epidemiology; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee
keywords: Climacteric symptoms; Cystocele; Hot flush; Menopause; Pelvic organ prolapse