title: Historical root of precision medicine: an ancient concept concordant with the modern pharmacotherapy.
abstract: Pharmacogenomics and pharmacoproteomics are new sciences that their goal is achieving therapeutics with maximum results and minimal side effects for each individual due to the pattern of his genome and proteome.Although they considered new and high technology sciences but in distant past, Persian sages like Avicenna also knew about importance of "personalized medicine" and used specific patterns to detect individual differences in order to select suitable medication.Based on experience and analogy they divided individuals into different categories considering characteristics like body color, body temperature, sleep-awake pattern and skeletal structure.They also paid attention to effect of environmental conditions such as climate, job and the change of seasons on the influence of medication.Considering the low cost and ease of use of these experiences, it seems that researching their opinions can uncover the historical roots of modern pharmacoproteomics and can possibly infuse new ideas in this field.
authors.affiliation: Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Traditional Iranian Medicine, School of Traditional Iranian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Reihaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moeini
authors.affiliation: Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Traditional Iranian Medicine, School of Traditional Iranian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Memariani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasalar
authors.affiliation: Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Traditional Iranian Medicine, School of Traditional Iranian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. n.gorji@mubabol.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Narjes
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gorji
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000266:history*; D012621:Seasons
keywords: Avicenna; Persian medicine; Personalized medicine; Pharmacoproteomics