title: The Swedish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD): linguistic validity and reliability of the Swedish version.
abstract: Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition, which has been shown to create anxiety in women. To be able to investigate these women's health-related quality of life, a disease-specific instrument is required. There does not seem to be a Swedish version of an instrument to screen for this specific disease. Therefore, this study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) into a Swedish context and evaluate its linguistic validity and reliability.
  
  
  
  The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation methodology was used, which consists of several steps including pilot testing of the FACIT-CD instrument through cognitive debriefing interviews. Ten women diagnosed with cervical dysplasia participated in the cognitive debriefing interviews. The internal consistency reliability of the Swedish FACIT-CD was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Homogeneity of the items was evaluated by corrected item-total correlations. The sample consists of 34 women who were diagnosed with cervical dysplasia.
  
  
  
  The translation and cross-cultural adaptation went smoothly without any problems for the majority of the items. The cognitive debriefing interviews indicated that the Swedish FACIT-CD consists of relevant items, is easy to understand and complete, and has unambiguous and comprehensive response categories. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation resulted in a Swedish FACIT-CD, which is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the English version and linguistically valid. The total scale of the Swedish FACIT-CD exhibited good internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84, and all of the subscales exhibited acceptable value between 0.71 and 0.81 except the Relationships subscale, which had a value of 0.67. Finally, all but four items exceeded the acceptable level for the corrected item-total correlations of ≥ 0.20.
  
  
  
  The Swedish FACIT-CD is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the English version and linguistically valid; further, it exhibits good internal consistency reliability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden. marie.rask@lnu.se.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1569-6675
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rask
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oscarsson
authors.affiliation: FACITtrans, Elmhurst, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swahnberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013548:Sweden; D014175:Translating; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Cross-cultural adaptation; FACIT-CD; Health-related quality of life (HRQoL); Linguistic validity; Reliability; Translation