title: Following Eye Gaze Activates a Patch in the Posterior Temporal Cortex That Is not Part of the Human "Face Patch" System.
abstract: Humans follow another person's eye gaze to objects of interest to the other, thereby establishing joint attention, a first step toward developing a theory of the other's mind. Previous functional MRI studies agree that a "gaze-following patch" (GFP) of cortex close to the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) is specifically implicated in eye gaze-following. The location of the GFP is in the vicinity of the posterior members of the core face-processing system that consists of distinct patches in ventral visual cortex, the STS, and frontal cortex, also involved in processing information on the eyes. To test whether the GFP might correspond to one of the posterior face patches, we compared the pattern of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging contrasts reflecting the passive vision of static faces with the one evoked by shifts of attention guided by the eye gaze of others. The viewing of static faces revealed the face patch system. On the other hand, eye gaze-following activated a cortical patch (the GFP) with its activation maximum separated by more than 24 mm in the right and 19 mm in the left hemisphere from the nearest face patch, the STS face area (FA). This segregation supports a distinct function of the GFP, different from the elementary processing of facial information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research , 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0500-4137
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramezanpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research , 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Dicke
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D000066499:Facial Recognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012938:Social Perception; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: face patch; gaze-following patch; joint attention; posterior superior temporal sulcus