title: Low-Dose N,N-Dimethylformamide Exposure and Liver Injuries in a Cohort of Chinese Leather Industry Workers.
abstract: We assessed the risk of liver injuries following low doses of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) below threshold limit values (20 mg/m) among leather industry workers and comparison groups.
  
  
  
  A cohort of 429 workers from a leather factory and 466 non-exposed subjects in China were followed for 4 years. Poisson regression and piece-wise linear regression were used to examine the relationship between DMF and liver injury.
  
  
  
  Workers exposed to a cumulative dose of DMF were significantly more likely than non-exposed workers to develop liver injury. A nonlinear relationship between DMF and liver injury was observed, and a threshold of the cumulative DMF dose for liver injury was 7.30 (mg/m) year.
  
  
  
  The findings indicate the importance of taking action to reduce DMF occupational exposure limits for promoting worker health.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Nantong (Ms Qi, Ms Gu, Ms Sun, Dr Xiao, Dr Lian); and Division of Tai cang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tai cang, Suzhou (Mr Gu, Mr Xu, Ms Gu), Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Yiyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D013633:Tanning; D020711:Threshold Limit Values; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004126:Dimethylformamide