title: [Impact of natural lithium ressources on suicide mortality in Chile 2000-2009: a geographical analysis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence for the hypothesis that lithium salts at naturally occurring levels in drinking water may have a moderating effect on suicide rates of the exposed population. The aim of this study was to examine whether the lithium rich Atacama region in Chile is associated with lower suicide mortality in comparison to other regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suicide data was acquired from the Chilean Ministry of Health. Socio-economic variables (rate of unemployment, urbanity, median household income, percentage of indeginous population) were obtained for all regions of Chile from the national statistical institute. We calculated annual suicide rates per 100,000 for each group for the years 2000-2009 and tested the hypothesis that suicide rates are lower in lithium rich regions in comparison to other regions of Chile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lithium rich Atacama Desert shows a significantly lower suicide rate (9.99 per 100,000) in comparison to other parts of Chile (12.50 per 100,000) (t = 4.75, df = 18, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chilean regions rich in naturally occurring lithium salts show lower suicide mortality rates in comparison to other regions. Although causality cannot be proven by this design, these findings add to previous findings and warrant further research on the effects of naturally occurring low-dose lithium on health.
authors.affiliation: Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-834X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Univ.-Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.affiliation: Suizidforschungsgruppe, Univ.-Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychoanalyse, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blüml
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heerlein
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Téllez
authors.affiliation: Suizidforschungsgruppe, Univ.-Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychoanalyse, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baus
authors.affiliation: Suizidforschungsgruppe, Univ.-Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychoanalyse, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090, Wien, Österreich. nestor.kapusta@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Nestor D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kapusta
keywords: Chile; Environmental Lithium; Epidemiology; Lithium; Public Health; Social Factors; Suicide