title: Impact of Carbon Nano-Onions onHydra vulgarisas a Model Organism for Nanoecotoxicology.
abstract: The toxicological effects of pristine and chemically modified carbon nano-onions (CNOs) on the development of the freshwater polypHydra vulgariswere investigated in order to elucidate the ecotoxicological effects of CNOs. Chemical modifications of the CNOs were accomplished by surface functionalization with benzoic acid, pyridine and pyridinium moieties. thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the covalent surface functionalization of CNOs.Hydraspecimens were exposed to the carbon nanomaterials by prolonged incubation within their medium. Uptake was monitored by optical microscopy, and the toxicological effects of the CNOs onHydrabehavior, morphology, as well as the long-term effects on the development and reproductive capability were examined. The obtained data revealed the absence of adverse effects of CNOs (in the range 0.05-0.1 mg/L)in vivoat the whole animal level. Together with previously performedin vitrotoxicological analyses, our findings indicate the biosafety of CNOs and the feasibility of employing them as materials for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy. v.marchesano@isasi.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marchesano
authors.affiliation: Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy. a.ambrosone@isasi.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambrosone
authors.affiliation: Nano Carbon Materials Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy. juergen.bartelmess@iit.it.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartelmess
authors.affiliation: Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy. federica89s@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Strisciante
authors.affiliation: Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy. angela.tino@cnr.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. echegoyen@utep.edu.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Echegoyen
authors.affiliation: Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy. claudia.tortiglione@cnr.it.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tortiglione
authors.affiliation: Nano Carbon Materials Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy. silvia.giordani@iit.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giordani
keywords: Hydra; aquatic organism; carbon nanomaterials; ecotoxicology; fullerenes; nanotoxicology