title: Target-locus scaling for modeling formant transitions in vowel + consonant + vowel utterances.
abstract: The coarticulatory effects described by Öhman [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 39, 151-168 (1966)] imply that consonant loci cannot always be defined by their associated consonantal contexts alone, but, in Swedish vowel + consonant + vowel utterances, they must also depend on their trans-consonantal vowels (TCVs). His discovery is extended here using a model with TCV-dependent consonant loci and with a unique target for each vowel. The model accurately characterizes the vowel-to-consonant and consonant-to-vowel transitions for the /b/ and /d/ contexts from Öhman's second formant-frequency data as families connected by linear-scaling relationships.
authors.affiliation: 2638 State Street, Unit 12, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA djbroad@silcom.com.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Broad
authors.affiliation: J. P. French Associates, Forensic Speech and Acoustics Laboratory, 86 The Mount, York YO24 1AR, United Kingdom dr.fclermont@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Frantz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clermont
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D010700:Phonetics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014833:Voice Quality