title: Quantifying the foodscape: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the validity of commercially available business data.
abstract: This paper reviews studies of the validity of commercially available business (CAB) data on food establishments ("the foodscape"), offering a meta-analysis of characteristics associated with CAB quality and a case study evaluating the performance of commonly-used validity indicators describing the foodscape. Existing validation studies report a broad range in CAB data quality, although most studies conclude that CAB quality is "moderate" to "substantial". We conclude that current studies may underestimate the quality of CAB data. We recommend that future validation studies use density-adjusted and exposure measures to offer a more meaningful characterization of the relationship of data error with spatial exposure.
authors.affiliation: Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City (QC), Canada.|Graduate School of Urban Planning and Land Management, Laval University, Quebec City (QC), Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban Studies & Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (MA), United States of America.
authors.forename: Madeleine I G
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Daepp
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (MA), United States of America.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (WI), United States of America.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec City (QC), Canada.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.affiliation: Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada.|Research Centre of Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kestens
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston (MA), United States of America.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Subramanian
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005518:Food Preferences; D005523:Food Supply; D012111:Residence Characteristics