title: *Substituted Borosilicate Glasses with Improved Osteogenic Capacity for Bone Tissue Engineering.
abstract: Borosilicate bioactive glasses (BBGs) have shown the capacity to promote higher formation of new bone when compared with silicate bioactive glasses. Herein, we assessed the capacity of BBGs to induce osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a function of their substituted divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+). To this purpose, we synthesized BBG particles by melt quenching. The cell viability, proliferation, and morphology (i.e., PrestoBlue®, PicoGreen®, and DAPI and Phalloidin stainings, respectively), as well as protein expression (i.e., alkaline phosphatase, ALP; osteopontin, OP; and osteocalcin, OC), of BM-MSCs in contact with BBGs were evaluated for 21 days. We observed an enhanced expression of bone-specific proteins (ALP, OP, and OC) and high mineralization of BM-MSCs under BBG-Mg and BBG-Sr-conditioned osteogenic media for concentrations of 20 and 50 mg/mL with low cytotoxic effects. Moreover, BBG-Sr, at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, was able to increase the mineralization and expression of the same bone-specific proteins even under basal medium conditions. These results indicated that the proposed BBGs improved osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs, therefore showing their potential as relevant biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration, not only by bonding to bone tissue but also by stimulating new bone formation.
authors.affiliation: 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal .|2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal .
authors.forename: João S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: 3 Bioengineering and Health Technologies Research Group, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: 3 Bioengineering and Health Technologies Research Group, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal .|2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal .
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: 3 Bioengineering and Health Technologies Research Group, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.affiliation: 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal .|2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal .
authors.forename: Rui L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023822:Tissue Engineering
keywords: BM-MSCs; borosilicate glasses; mineralization; osteogenic induction; strontium