title: Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus parasiticus present in the diet of quails increase the activities of cholinesterase and adenosine deaminase.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxins on cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in quails. For this, twenty male quails were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 10 each): the group A was composed by quails that received feed without aflatoxin (the control group); while the group B was composed by quails that received feed contaminated with 200 ppm/kg of feed of aflatoxin. On day 20, the animals were euthanized to measure the activities of AChE (total blood and brain), BChE (serum) and ADA (serum, liver, and brain), as well as for histopathological analyses (liver and intestine). AChE, BChE, and ADA levels increased in animals intoxicated by aflatoxin compared to the control group. The presence of aflatoxin lead to severe hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes and small focus of hepatocyte necrosis. In conclusion, aflatoxins poisoning increased AChE, BChE, and ADA activities, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes during this type of intoxication, in addition to the fact that they are well known molecules that participate in physiological and pathological events as inflammatory mediators. In summary, increased AChE, BChE and ADA activities contribute directly to the inflammatory process and tissue damage, and they might be involved in disease development.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: aleksandro.silva@udesc.br.
authors.forename: Aleksandro Schafer
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santurio
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenilson F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Roza
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathieli B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bottari
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rosa C
authors.initials: MRC
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Baldissera
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenita M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willian M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Radavelli
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thainã
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: mmboiago@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boiago
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000276:immunology; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011784:Quail / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: Adenosine deaminase; Aflatoxins; Aspergillus parasiticus; Cholinesterases; Quails