title: Arthritis models: usefulness and interpretation.
abstract: Animal models of arthritis are used to better understand pathophysiology of a disease or to seek potential therapeutic targets or strategies. Focusing on models currently used for studying rheumatoid arthritis, we show here in which extent models were invaluable to enlighten different mechanisms such as the role of innate immunity, T and B cells, vessels, or microbiota. Moreover, models were the starting point of in vivo application of cytokine-blocking strategies such as anti-TNF or anti-IL-6 treatments. The most popular models are the different types of collagen-induced arthritis and arthritis in KBN mice. As spontaneous arthritides, human TNF-α transgenic mice are a reliable model. It is mandatory to use animal models in the respect of ethical procedure, particularly regarding the number of animals and the control of pain. Moreover, design of experiments should be of the highest level, animal models of arthritis being dedicated to exploration of well-based novelties, and never used for confirmation or replication of already proven concepts. The best interpretations of data in animal models of arthritis suppose integrated research, including translational studies from animals to humans.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1125 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bessis
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1125 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1125 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Assier
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1125 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000, Bobigny, France.|Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93000, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Semerano
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1125 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000, Bobigny, France. marie-christophe.boissier@aphp.fr.|Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93000, Bobigny, France. marie-christophe.boissier@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Christophe
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boissier
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate
keywords: Arthritis models; Collagen-induced arthritis; Inflammation; Rheumatoid arthritis