title: Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the counts of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with severe early childhood caries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a novel technique for reduction of pathogenic microorganisms in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aPDT on Streptococcus mutans reduction in children with severe early childhood caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two children with severe early childhood caries aged 3-6 years were treated with toluoidine blue O (TBO) for 1min and irradiated by a Light Emitting Diode (LED; FotoSan, CMS Dental, Denmark) with the exposure time of 150s. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 1h and 7 days after treatment. S. mutans counts were determined using the Dentocult SM Strip mutans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The counts of S. mutans in saliva decreased significantly after 1h (P<0.001). However, the difference in reduction of S. mutans counts in saliva was not significant between the baseline and 7 days after treatment (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  aPDT seems to be efficient to reduce salivary S. mutans immediately after treatment in children with severe early childhood caries. However, further research is needed to evaluate different doses and frequency of irradiation in combination with restoring carious teeth to find more durable results.
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fekrazad
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center Dental Research Institute, Department of Pediatric dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seraj
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center of Dentistry Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiniforush
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rokouei
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center of Dentistry Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Amirabad St.,Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Electronic address: sghadimi@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghadimi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012463:Saliva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D014048:Tolonium Chloride
keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Children; Early childhood caries; LED; Streptococcus mutans; Toluidine blue O