title: Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the seed of Telfairia occidentalis Hook (Cucurbitaceae).
abstract: The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide, reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and total antioxidant activities of the methanol extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions of the seed of Telfairia occidentalis were evaluated. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The dichloromethane fraction exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activities. Two pure compounds which were identified by FTIR, H-and 2D NMR and Mass spectroscopy as 9-octadecenoic acid (TOS B) and 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (TOS C) and four oily isolates, TOS A, TOS D, TOS E and TOS F were obtained from the dichloromethane fraction. TOS E had the highest DPPH radical scavening activity comparable to that of ascorbic acid. GC-MS analysis revealed the major compounds in TOS E as 4-(2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene cyclohexylidene)-2-butanol; 3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid disooctyl ester. Thus, the seed of T. occidentalis can be consumed for its antioxidant property.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olorunfemi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Eseyin
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akaninyene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine , University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Attih
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Essien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekarika
authors.affiliation: d Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Sattar
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Munavvar Zubaid
authors.affiliation: d Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
authors.affiliation: d Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sheryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: e Department of Inspection and Enforcement , National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency , Abuja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akpan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ukeme
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000440:Butanols / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D019662:Cucurbitaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000440:Butanols; D006586:Hexanes; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D013229:Stearic Acids; C043958:2-butanol; C026385:n-hexane; D019301:Oleic Acid; C070376:10-hydroxystearic acid; C011459:elaidic acid
keywords: 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl; 9-octadecenoic acid; Fluted pumpkin; antioxidants