title: Family history of cancer and the risk of bladder cancer: A case-control study from Italy.
abstract: A family history of bladder cancer has been associated with the risk of bladder cancer, but quantification of the excess risk in different populations is still a relevant issue. Further, the role of a family history of other cancers on the risk of bladder cancer remains unclear.
  
  
  
  We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study, including 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated through unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, study center, year of interview and further for education, smoking and sibling's number.
  
  
  
  The OR for family history of bladder cancer was 2.13 (95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) 1.02-4.49) from the model with partial adjustment, and 1.99 (95%CI 0.91-4.32) after additional adjustment for smoking and siblings' number, based on 23 cases (3.3%) and 11 controls (1.7%) with a family history of bladder cancer. The fully adjusted OR was 3.77 when the relative was diagnosed at age below 65years. Smokers with a family history of bladder cancer had a four-fold increased risk compared to non-smokers without a family history. Bladder cancer risk was significantly increased among subjects with a family history of hemolymphopoietic cancers (OR=2.97, 95%CI 1.35-6.55). Family history of cancer at other sites showed no significant association with bladder cancer risk.
  
  
  
  This study confirms an approximately two-fold increased risk of bladder cancer for family history of bladder cancer, and indicates a possible familial clustering of bladder cancer with cancers of the hemolymphopoietic system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy; Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, di Milano, via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: federica.turati@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turati
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.bosetti@marionegri.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33080 Aviano, Italy. Electronic address: polesel@cro.it.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33080 Aviano, Italy. Electronic address: serrainod@cro.it.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, Istituto Tumori "Fondazione Pascale IRCCS", Via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: m.montella@istitutotumori.na.it.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Catania, Via Androne 83, 95124 Catania, Italy. Electronic address: m.libra@unict.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Libra
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-ginecological Oncology, Istituto Tumori "Fondazione Pascale IRCCS", Via M. Semmola 1, 80131, Naples Italy. Electronic address: g.facchini@istitutotumori.na.it.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Facchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: monica.ferraroni@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: alessandra.tavani@marionegri.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.lavecchia@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: eva.negri@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Bladder cancer; Case–control study; Family history; Risk factors