title: Zinc bioglasses regulate mineralization in human dental pulp stem cells.
abstract: A promising strategy in regenerative endodontics is the combination of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) with an appropriate biomaterial substrate. The effects of zinc and zinc containing bioactive glasses (ZnBGs) on hDPSCs have been characterized in this study.
  
  
  
  ZnBGs were designed and produced. Then the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of hDPSCs upon ZnBGs treatment were investigated.
  
  
  
  Free Zn ions (0-5ppm) enhanced proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hDPSCs. Further, ZnBGs conditioned medium (ZnBG-CM) increased the production and secretion of odontogenic markers: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1). In addition, we identified that mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers RUNX2, OCN, BSP, BMP-2, MEPE and ON was increased following treatment with ZnBG-CM. Long term treatment with ZnBG-CM increases the formation rate of mineralized nodules (similar to hydroxyapatite, Ca:P=1.6), as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Lastly, the administration of ZnBG-CM induces VEGF expression.
  
  
  
  These findings implicate that ZnBG would be beneficial in regenerative endodontics and could influence the way present Zn containing clinical products are used.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK. Electronic address: mei.huang@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Simon C F
authors.initials: SCF
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006801:Humans; D009805:Odontogenesis; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C022107:Bioglass; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Bioglass; DMP-1; DSPP; Dental pulp stem cells; Mineralization; VEGF; Zinc