title: Effects of osteopontin-enriched formula on lymphocyte subsets in the first 6 months of life: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BackgroundHuman milk is rich in osteopontin (OPN), which has immunomodulatory functions.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, standard formula (SF) and the same formula with 65 mg of OPN/L (F65) or 130 mg of OPN/L (F130), representing ~50 and 100% of the OPN concentration in human milk, were compared. We examined frequencies and composition of peripheral blood immune cells by four-color immunoflow cytometry of formula-fed infants at ages 1, 4, and 6 months, and compared them with a breastfed (BF) reference group.ResultsThe F130 group had increased T-cell proportions compared with the SF (P=0.036, average effect size 0.51) and F65 groups (P=0.008, average effect size 0.65). Compared with the BF group, the monocyte proportions were increased in the F65 (P=0.001, average effect size 0.59) and F130 (P=0.006, average effect size 0.50) groups, but were comparable among the formula groups.ConclusionOPN in an infant formula at a concentration close to that of human milk increased the proportion of circulating T cells compared with both SF and formula with added OPN at ~50% of the concentration in human milk. This suggests that OPN may favorably influence immune ontogeny in infancy and that the effects appear to be dose-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clincial Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Arla Foods Ingredients, Viby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Staudt
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kvistgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D053495:Osteopontin