title: Genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland: the first report of a haplotype of probable Asian origin.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 in Poland based on sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genes of worms isolated from red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus). Overall, 83 adults of E. multilocularis from the same number of foxes in different parts of Poland were used for analysis. Sequences of the three mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (cob), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were analysed. Seventy-four individual biological samples were successfully sequenced. Combined sequence analysis of these three genes exhibited fifteen Polish haplotypes (EmPL1-EmPL15). Most isolates (n = 29; 39%) were classified to the EmPL1 haplotype, which occurred mainly in the east, north and centre of Poland. Haplotype EmPL4 (n = 14; 19%) and other haplotypes appeared predominantly in the south and west area. Fourteen haplotypes were grouped in the European clade. One Polish haplotype (EmPL9) (n = 7, 10%) was assigned to the Asian clade with haplotypes from Japan and Kazakhstan. This haplotype was found only in northeast Poland and this is the westernmost report of haplotype of E. multilocularis belonging to the Asian clade in Europe. The investigation demonstrated that populations of E. multilocularis in Poland (and probably also in eastern Europe) included not only different European haplotypes but also those of the Asian origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karamon
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stojecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samorek-Pierog
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bilska-Zajac
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rozycki
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chmurzynska
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zdybel
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cencek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D048210:Echinococcus multilocularis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005589:Foxes / Q000469:parasitology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D010802:Phylogeny; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Asian haplotype; Eastern Europe; echinococcosis; phylogenetics