title: (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits Arsenic-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis through Suppression of Oxidative Stress in Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to arsenic in individuals has been found to be associated with various health-related problems including skin lesions, cancer, and cardiovascular and immunological disorders. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main and active polyphenolic catechin present in green tea, has shown potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of EGCG against arsenic-induced inflammation and immunotoxicity in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA, tissue catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide and caspase 3 by commercial kits, mitochondrial membrane potential with Rh 123, mitochondrial ROS with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), apoptotic and necrotic cells and T-cell phenotyping with Flow cytometry analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that arsenic treatment significantly increased oxidative stress levels (as indicated by catalase, malonyldialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and reactive oxygen species), increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and promoted apoptosis. Arsenic exposure increased the relative frequency of the CD8+(Tc) cell subpopulation (from 2.8 to 18.9%) and decreased the frequency of CD4+(Th) cells (from 5.2 to 2.7%). Arsenic exposure also significantly decreased the frequency of T(CD3) (from 32.5% to 19.2%) and B(CD19) cells (from 55.1 to 32.5%). All of these effects induced by NaAsO2 were attenuated by EGCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present in vitro findings indicate that EGCG attenuates not only NaAsO2-induced immunosuppression but also inflammation and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, China.|Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Nan-Hui
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.|School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Pan
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); Apoptosis; Arsenic; Immunotoxicity; Oxidative stress