title: Magnitude and Determinants of the Ratio between Prevalence of Low Vision and Blindness in Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness Surveys.
abstract: To determine the magnitude and determinants of the ratio between prevalence of low vision and prevalence of blindness in rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) surveys globally.
  
  
  
  Standard RAAB reports were downloaded from the repository or requested from principal investigators. Potential predictor variables included prevalence of uncorrected refractive error (URE) as well as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, health expenditure per capita of the country across World Bank regions. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to investigate the correlation between potential predictor variables and the ratio.
  
  
  
  The results of 94 surveys from 43 countries showed that the ratio ranged from 1.35 in Mozambique to 11.03 in India with a median value of 3.90 (Interquartile range 3.06;5.38). Univariate regression analysis showed that prevalence of URE (p = 0.04), logarithm of GDP per capita (p = 0.01) and logarithm of health expenditure per capita (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the higher ratio. However, only prevalence of URE was found to be significant in multivariate regression analysis (p = 0.03).
  
  
  
  There is a wide variation in the ratio of the prevalence of low vision to the prevalence of blindness. Eye care service utilization indicators such as the prevalence of URE may explain some of the variation across the regions.
authors.affiliation: a University of Cape Town , School of Public Health and Family Medicine , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaphle
authors.affiliation: b Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, International, Division of Ophthalmology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewallen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Blindness; low vision; rapid assessment of avoidable blindness; ratio; uncorrected refractive error