title: On the contribution of the nucleus and cortex to human lens shape and size.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The shape of the human lens changes from almost spherical at birth to ellipsoid due to a decrease in sagittal thickness and an increase in equatorial diameter during the first two decades of life. Both dimensions increase thereafter. This study was undertaken to determine the reason for the change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published refractive index gradients, from 20 lenses aged from seven to 82 years, were used to calculate the protein contents of concentric shells of fibre cells in human lenses. The boundaries of nuclear cores containing from 2.5 to 45 mg, in 2.5 mg increments, were determined from the isoindicial shells. Cortex thickness was determined from the distance between the 30 mg nuclear boundary and the capsule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sagittal thickness of every nuclear core decreased until age 40 years and remained constant thereafter. Over the same time frame, the equatorial diameter of the cores containing up to 30 mg of protein increased, while those of cores larger than 30 mg decreased. The volumes of the cores decreased and their shapes changed from near spherical to spheroidal. Equatorial and sagittal cortex thickness increased linearly with age at 0.0082 mm per year. The anterior sagittal cortex was 0.23 mm larger than the posterior and the equatorial cortex was 0.62 mm greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in lens shape observed during the first two decades of life are due to remodelling and compaction of the 30 mg nuclear core. Cortex growth is linear throughout life.
authors.affiliation: Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.|Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Augusteyn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007904:Lens Cortex, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D007907:Lens Nucleus, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ageing; compaction; cortex; dimensions; growth; human lens; nucleus; remodelling; shape