title: Pharmacogenetics in the treatment of pre-eclampsia: current findings, challenges and perspectives.
abstract: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is defined as pregnancy-induced hypertension and proteinuria, and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A large subgroup of pregnant women with PE is nonresponsive to antihypertensive drugs, including methyldopa, nifedipine and hydralazine. Pharmacogenomics may help to guide the individualized therapy for this nonresponsive subgroup. However, just a few pharmacogenetic studies examined the effects of genetic polymorphisms on response to antihypertensive drugs in PE, and the criteria of responsiveness used to define responsive or nonresponsive subgroups to antihypertensive therapy should be replicated by others. We review these gene-drugs interactions, novel approaches to pharmacogenomics research and potential novel drugs for PE therapy. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18680-000, Brazil.|Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Luizon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.|Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
authors.forename: Ana Ct
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Palei
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18680-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valeria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sandrim
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071185:Pharmacogenomic Testing; D000071184:Pharmacogenomic Variants; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: antihypertensive therapy; genotypes; gestational hypertension; haplotypes; pharmacogenetics; pharmacogenomics; polymorphisms; pre-eclampsia