title: Congenital bilateral anterior nasal atresia in 16 half-sibling Holstein-Friesian calves.
abstract: METHODS
  Cases of bilateral anterior nasal atresia, sometimes referred to as arhinia or partial arhinia, are extremely rare in cattle and have only been reported as single events. This report describes the birth of 16 Holstein Friesian calves over a 3-month period, all affected with bilateral atresia of the nares and anterior nasal cavity, with 2 calves having additional severe deviation of the nasomaxillary bones and nasal septum. One affected calf was born with an anatomically normal twin. Parentage testing demonstrated that a single Holstein Friesian bull sired all cases tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of multiple cases of bilateral anterior nasal atresia in cattle with evidence that demonstrates a heritable condition.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.affiliation: Karalee Karana Veterinary Surgery, Karalee, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vankan
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-7125
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allavena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D014427:Twins
keywords: Holstein; arhinia; congenital conditions; dairy cattle; nasal atresia