title: Controlling coaching and athlete thriving in elite adolescent netballers: The buffering effect of athletes' mental toughness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to examine the association between controlling coach behaviours and athlete experiences of thriving and test the buffering effect of mental toughness on this relation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 232 female netballers aged 11 to 17 years (14.97+1.52) with between 1 and 15 years of experience in their sport (7.50+2.28) completed measures of controlling coach interpersonal style, mental toughness and thriving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latent moderated structural models indicated that (i) controlling coach behaviours were inversely related with experiences of vitality and learning; (ii) mental toughness was positively associated with psychological experiences of both dimensions of thriving; and (iii) mental toughness moderated the effect of coach's controlling interpersonal style on learning but not vitality experiences, such that the effect was weaker for individuals who reported higher levels of mental toughness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study extends past work and theory to show that mental toughness may enable athletes to counteract the potentially deleterious effect of controlling coach interpersonal styles.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia. Electronic address: daniel.f.gucciardi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gucciardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Wellness, SUNY Plattsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stamatis
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ntoumanis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D001490:Basketball / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071252:Mentoring / Q000379:methods*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Interpersonal style of communication; Latent interactions; Mentally tough; Motivational climate; Self-determination theory; Vitality