title: Effectiveness of CO2laser in an experimental mammary gland adenocarcinoma model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The important goal of modern research in the field of surgical oncology is the quest for a tool that could improve the outcomes of tumour excision.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of the CO2laser with flexible hollow waveguide and scalpel in mammary tumour excision.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 112 female BALB/c mice with implanted orthotopically 4T1-luc2-tdTomato tumour cells were included in the research. Tumours were excised in 48 mice using the CO2laser and in 48 through scalpel surgery. The control group consisted of 16 untreated mice. The evaluation of surgical outcome was obtained by in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging and post-mortem histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between recurrence rates, metastases and survival time in groups excised with the scalpel and CO2laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CO2laser has similar efficacy compared with conventional scalpel excision for local recurrence rates, incidence of distant metastases and survival time and can be safely applied in oncological surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-0962
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paczuska
authors.affiliation: Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Świtalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiełbowicz
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000601:surgery; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000601:surgery*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000662:veterinary; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 
  4T1-luc2-tdTomato
  ; 
  CO2
   laser; mammary gland tumour; orthotopic mouse model; surgical oncology