title: Changes in Ventilatory Response to Exercise in Trained Athletes: Respiratory Physiological Benefits Beyond Cardiovascular Performance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The beneficial impact of an 8-month competitive season on the ventilatory profile response to exercise in soccer players has never been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventilatory profile (evaluated by determining individual tidal volume [VT] relative to minute ventilation [VE] inflection points during exercise) and metabolic responses to incremental exercise were evaluated in 2 professional soccer teams before and after an 8-month competitive season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences between teams in anthropometric characteristics or in resting cardiopulmonary variables, included oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR), before and during the competitive season were found. At iso-speed, there were overall improvements in carbon dioxide output (VCO2), VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, VEand respiratory frequency (fR) during the season. The VT/VEinflection points 1 and 2 occurred with greater exercise time, HR, VO2, VCO2, VEand VTduring the competitive season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite very high baseline performance and a negligible improvement in VO2, an 8-month competitive season improved ventilatory profile response to exercise in elite athletes.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Weaning Center, Auxilium Vitae, Volterra, Pisa, Italia; Rehabilitation Bioengineering Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and Auxilium Vitae, Volterra, Pisa, Italia.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: di Paco
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canadá.
authors.forename: Bruno-Pierre
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS_1158 Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, París, Francia; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée (Département «R3S», Pôle PRAGUES), París, Francia. Electronic address: pierantonio.laveneziana@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Pierantonio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laveneziana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013147:Spirometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Breathing pattern; Esfuerzo; Exercise; Jugadores de fútbol; Patrón respiratorio; Perfil ventilatorio; Soccer players; Ventilatory profile