title: Media devices, family relationships and sleep patterns among adolescents in an urban area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe sleep patterns and to examine the association between short sleep time and family relationships and the availability of media devices among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study based on a self-reported questionnaire was performed among a representative sample of adolescents (13-19 years old) enrolled during the 2011-2012 academic year in high schools in Barcelona, Spain. Adolescents reported sleep patterns and family-related variables such as family relationships, the availability of media devices in the bedroom, and watching television at dinner. Sleep time was then calculated from sleep patterns. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were conducted to determine the association between short sleep time (<8 h/day) and family characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 51.3% of the 3492 students were girls (mean age: 15.9 years). Sleep time was shorter than recommended on school days in almost half of the compulsory schooling students and in around 75% of post-compulsory schooling students. More than 80% of adolescents had at least one media device (television, console, or computer) in their bedroom. Adolescents with a computer in their bedroom and with poorer family relationships were more likely to be short sleepers. In boys, frequently watching TV at dinner and living in a disorganized family were also associated with short sleep time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of short sleepers. Media availability, media use and family relationships should be considered in multi-component educational interventions addressed to both adolescents and parents to reduce short sleep time.
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: xcontine@aspb.cat.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Continente
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espelt
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D015995:Prevalence; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Adolescent; Bedtime; Family characteristics; Media devices; Sleep time; Wake-up time