title: Korean version of the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight questionnaire versus the Modified Kihon Checklist for Frailty Screening in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the five-item Korean version of the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight (K-FRAIL) questionnaire versus the 28-item Kihon + 3 index (the 25-item original Kihon checklist plus multimorbidity, sensory impairment, and Timed Up and Go test) in identifying prefrail or frail older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 212 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 76 years; 41% male) in PyeongChang County, Korea. We compared the C statistic, sensitivity and specificity of the K-FRAIL questionnaire (range 0-5; cut-point ≥1) versus the Kihon + 3 index (range 0-31; cut-point ≥4) and the original Kihon checklist (range 0-25; cut-point ≥4) in identifying prefrail or frail individuals according to the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, 150 individuals (70.8%) were prefrail or frail. The C statistic of the K-FRAIL questionnaire in identifying prefrail or frail individuals was lower than that of the Kihon + 3 index (0.77 vs 0.85; P = 0.022) or that of the original Kihon checklist (0.77 vs 0.84; P = 0.046). However, at the a priori cut-points, the K-FRAIL questionnaire had sensitivity (0.79 vs 0.85; P = 0.095) and specificity (0.69 vs 0.69; P = 1.000) that were not significantly different from those of the Kihon + 3 index. However, the K-FRAIL questionnaire was more sensitive (0.79 vs 0.69; P = 0.016), but less specific (0.69 vs 0.86, p = 0.018) than the original Kihon checklist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For frailty screening in community-dwelling older adults, the simple K-FRAIL questionnaire might not be inferior to the current standard of the Kihon + 3 index, and it might be more sensitive and less specific than the original Kihon checklist. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2046-2052.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|PyeongChang Health Center and County Hospital, Gangwon-Do, PyeongChang, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Young
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-3301
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.|Graduate School Of Medical Science And Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Won
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-3354
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: PyeongChang Health Center and County Hospital, Gangwon-Do, PyeongChang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Ki
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-4675
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon National Hospital, Gangwon-Do, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: PyeongChang Health Center and County Hospital, Gangwon-Do, PyeongChang, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Il
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: PyeongChang Health Center and County Hospital, Gangwon-Do, PyeongChang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Korea Health Promotion Institute, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Euna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Korea Health Promotion Institute, Seoul, Korea.|Korean Nurses Association, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Juyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1278-4597
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunju
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-0625
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Dae Hyun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-6838
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057189:Checklist; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D000073496:Frailty / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: cross-sectional studies; frailty; geriatric assessment; public health; surveys and questionnaires