title: Association between psychological measures with inflammatory anddisease-related markers of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at investigating the associations between inflammatory mediators, symptoms and psychological disturbances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  IBD patients and patient controls were examined during a single visit to a gastroenterology clinic. Disease activity was assessed using the Mayo index for ulcerative colitis (UC), inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ), Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and Crohn's disease endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS). Gene expression of inflammatory mediators were measured in intestinal biopsies and whole blood samples along with circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)γ, C-reactive protein (CRP), kynurenine and tryptophan. Validated depression, anxiety and quality of life scores were used to assess psychological well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who were symptomatic had the highest depression and anxiety scores, together with increased intestinal expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, increased circulating IL-6 and CRP, and an increased circulating kynurenine:tryptophan ratio. Increased Hamilton depression (HAM-D) scores in IBD patients were observed independent of the psychological impact of acute symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active IBD is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety and with a raised circulating inflammatory mediator profile. Patients with active IBD exhibiting psychological symptoms should undergo psychological evaluation to ensure the psychological aspects of the condition are considered and addressed.
authors.affiliation: a Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.|b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Áine
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Abautret-Daly
authors.affiliation: a Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.|b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.affiliation: c Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital Central de Asturias , Oviedo , Spain.
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riestra
authors.affiliation: c Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital Central de Asturias , Oviedo , Spain.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Francisco-García
authors.affiliation: c Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital Central de Asturias , Oviedo , Spain.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parra-Blanco
authors.affiliation: c Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital Central de Asturias , Oviedo , Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.|d Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: e Neuroimmunology Research Group, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.affiliation: a Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.|b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007737:Kynurenine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014364:Tryptophan; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; anxiety; cytokines; depression; kynurenine