title: Microscopic diagnosis of the leaf and stem of Piper solmsianum C.DC.
abstract: Piper solmsianum C.DC., which is popularly known as pariparoba, is a shrub that measures 1-3 m in height and it inhabits areas with wet tropical soils. The objective of this study was to analyze the leaf and stem anatomy using light microscopy, scanning electron micrographs, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to provide information for species identification. The anatomical profile showed the following main microscopic markers: hypostomatic leaf; hypodermis layer on both sides; pearl glands; biconvex midrib shape; five collateral vascular bundles in open arc with the central bundle larger than the others; circular stem shape; collateral vascular bundles arranged in two rings; sinuous sclerenchymatic sheath in the pith; secretory idioblasts; and starch grains in the mesophyll, in the ground parenchyma of the midrib, petiole, and in the stem; and six morphotypes of calcium oxalate crystals (styloids, cuneiform, tabular crystal rosettes, cuneiform crystal rosettes, elongated square dipyramids, as well as very elongated square dipyramids).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: A R P
authors.initials: ARP
authors.lastname: Bertocco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Migacz
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Saúde, Meio Ambiente, Sustentabilidade e Humanidades, Centro Universitário Internacional Uninter, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: V L P
authors.initials: VLP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: C R C
authors.initials: CRC
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yunes
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel-Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: J M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1873-2253
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Budel
mesh_terms: D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
keywords: anatomy; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy