title: Adjuvant Ab Interno Tumor Treatment After Proton Beam Irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to show long-term outcomes concerning globe preservation in uveal melanoma patients after proton beam therapy with the main focus on outcomes according to different adjuvant ab interno surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients treated with primary proton beam therapy for choroidal or ciliary body melanoma between June 1998 and June 2015 were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2499 patients underwent primary proton beam therapy, with local tumor control and globe preservation rates of 95.9% and 94.8% after 5 years, respectively. A total of 110 (4.4%) patients required secondary enucleation. Unresponsive neovascular glaucoma was the leading cause of secondary enucleation in 78 of the 2499 patients (3.1%). The 5-year enucleation-free survival rate was 94.8% in the endoresection group, 94.3% in the endodrainage group, and 93.5% in the comparator group. The log-rank test showed P = .014 (comparator group vs endoresection group) and P = .06 (comparator group vs endodrainage-vitrectomy group). Patients treated with endoresection or endodrainage-vitrectomy developed less radiation retinopathy (30.5% and 37.4% after 5 years, P = .001 and P = .048 [Kaplan-Meier], respectively) and less neovascular glaucoma (11.6% and 21.3% after 5 years, P = .001 and P = .01 [Kaplan-Meier], respectively) compared with the comparator group (52.3% radiation retinopathy and 57.8% neovascular glaucoma after 5 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that in larger tumors the enucleation and neovascular glaucoma rates might be reduced by adjuvant surgical procedures. Although endoresection is the most promising adjuvant treatment option, the endodrainage-vitrectomy is recommended in patients who are ineligible for endoresection.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Ira.seibel@charite.de.
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seibel
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Aline I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Riechardt
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; BerlinProtonen am Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lise-Meitner-Campus, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heufelder
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; BerlinProtonen am Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lise-Meitner-Campus, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cordini
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Antonia.joussen@charite.de.
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joussen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D058450:Endotamponade / Q000379:methods*; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015355:Glaucoma, Neovascular / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061766:Proton Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma