title: Comparing costs of illness of multiple sclerosis in three different years: A population-based study.
abstract: Little is known about changes in the costs of illness (COI) among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during recent years.
  
  
  
  To compare the COI among MS patients and matched controls in 2006, 2009, and 2012, respectively, indicating the costs attributable to the MS disease.
  
  
  
  Three cross-sectional datasets were analyzed, including all MS patients in Sweden aged 20-60 years and five matched controls for each of them. The analyses were based on 10,531 MS patients and 52,655 matched controls for 2006, 11,722 and 58,610 individuals for 2009, and 12,789 and 63,945 for 2012. Nationwide registers, including prescription drug use, specialized healthcare, sick leave, and disability pension, were linked to estimate the prevalence-based COI.
  
  
  
  Adjusted for inflation, the average difference in COI between MS patients and matched controls were Swedish Krona (SEK) 243,751 (95% confidence interval: SEK 239,171-248,331) in 2006, SEK 238,971 (SEK 234,516-243,426) in 2009, and SEK 225,923 (SEK 221,630-230,218) in 2012. The difference in indirect costs were SEK 170,502 (SEK 166,478-174,525) in 2006, SEK 158,839 (SEK 154,953-162,726) in 2009, and SEK 141,280 (SEK 137,601-144,960) in 2012.
  
  
  
  The inflation-adjusted COI of MS patients was lower in 2012 than in 2006, in particular regarding indirect costs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden/Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC) and Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gyllensten
authors.affiliation: Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden/Department of Analysis and Forecast, Swedish Social Insurance Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexanderson
authors.affiliation: Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hillert
authors.affiliation: Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden/Department of Public Health and Medicine, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tinghög
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D010415:Pensions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Multiple sclerosis; cost of illness; drug costs; healthcare costs; registries; sick leave; time trends