title: Sodium alginate and gum acacia hydrogels of zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce hemolytic and oxidative stress inflicted by zinc oxide nanoparticles on mammalian cells.
abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are important nanomaterials currently under research due to their applicability in nanomedicine. Toxicity of ZnO NPs has been extensively studied and has been shown to affect various cell types and animal systems. In this study, we investigated hemolytic potential and oxidative stress inflicted by ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs-loaded-sodium alginate-gum acacia hydrogels on horse erythrocytes and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. Our study provides a better understanding of the hemolytic and oxidative effects of interaction of ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs released from polymeric hydrogels with the biological system. Remarkable aggregation of erythrocytes was noted in the higher concentration of ZnO NPs treated erythrocytes as compared to erythrocytes treated with ZnO NPs-loaded hydrogels. ZnO NPs-loaded hydrogels treated Vero cells significantly reduced oxidative stress as evidenced by less malondialdehyde production as compared to that of ZnO NPs treated cells. Normal horse erythrocytes when treated with ZnO NPs in in vitro condition undergo oxidative damage, and contribute in augmenting the toxicity. We demonstrated that polymeric ZnO NPs reduced the undesirable effects provoked by ZnO NPs on mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India; Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raguvaran
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India. Electronic address: amanuja@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manuja
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Balvinder K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Manuja
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Riyesh
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesavan
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dimri
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006736:Horses; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006170:Gum Arabic; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Alginate; Gum acacia; Hemolytic activity; Horse; Lipid peroxidation; MDA; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Zinc oxide nanoparticles