title: HMF and diastase activity in honeys: A fully validated approach and a chemometric analysis for identification of honey freshness and adulteration.
abstract: A fully validated approach for the determination of diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural content in honeys were presented in accordance with the official methods. Methods were performed in real honey sample analysis and due to the vast number of collected data sets reliable conclusions about the correlation between the composition and the quality criteria were exported. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated. Accuracy, precision and uncertainty were estimated for the first time in the kinetic and spectrometric techniques using the certified reference material and the determined values were in good accordance with the certified values. PCA and cluster analysis were performed in order to examine the correlation among the artificial feeding of honeybees with carbohydrate supplements and the chemical composition and properties of the honey. Diastase activity, sucrose content and hydroxymethylfurfural content were easily differentiated and these parameters were used for indication of the adulteration of the honey.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Laboratory of Lamia, Karaiskaki 85, Lamia 35100, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Pasias
authors.affiliation: Chemical Laboratory of Lamia, Karaiskaki 85, Lamia 35100, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kiriakou
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Food Chemistry Laboratory, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: iharpro@chem.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Proestos
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D063427:Food Quality; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde; D000681:Amylases
keywords: Chemometrics; Cluster analysis; Diastase activity; HMF; Honey; PCA; Uncertainty