title: Drivers of hospital length of stay in 56,000 orthopaedic trauma patients: The impact of postoperative cardiac events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether postoperative cardiac complications following orthopaedic trauma treatment are associated with longer lengths of stay.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study. We analyzed orthopaedic trauma patients in the United States for whom data was collected in the ACS-NSQIP database between the years of 2006 and 2013. The patient population included 56,217 orthopaedic trauma patients meeting any 1 of the 89 CPT codes selected in the ACS-NSQIP database. The main outcome measure was hospital length of stay following orthopaedic trauma treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 56,217 orthopaedic trauma patients, 749 (1.3%) developed postoperative adverse cardiac events. There was a significant difference in total length of stay (p < 0.001): patients with cardiac complications on average stayed 10.6 days compared to 5.2 days for patients who did not experience such cardiac complications. This amounted to a difference of $24,316 in total hospital costs. Through multiple linear regression modeling controlling for multiple patient and surgical factors, the presence of cardiac complications significantly added 1.5 days in total hospital stay (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthopaedic trauma patients sustaining postoperative cardiac events have significantly longer hospital lengths of stay when compared to those who do not develop cardiac complications. This difference amounts to significantly higher health care costs.
authors.affiliation: The Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 4200 Medical Center East, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 (615), United States.
authors.forename: Diana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Douleh
authors.affiliation: The Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 4200 Medical Center East, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 (615), United States.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yarlagadda
authors.affiliation: The Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 4200 Medical Center East, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 (615), United States.
authors.forename: Michelle S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: The Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 4200 Medical Center East, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 (615), United States.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: The Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 4200 Medical Center East, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 (615), United States.
authors.forename: Idine
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: The Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 4200 Medical Center East, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 (615), United States.
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sethi
keywords: Cardiac; Length of stay; Orthopaedic trauma