title: Flupyradifurone effectively manages whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is among the most important pests of numerous crops and a vector of more than 100 plant viruses, causing significant crop losses worldwide. Managing this pest as well as inhibiting the transmission of major viruses such as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) are of utmost importance for sustainable yields. The efficacy against both whitefly and virus transmission of the novel systemic butenolide insecticide flupyradifurone was investigated in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inhibition of TYLCV transmission by flupyradifurone was compared to that by thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide reported to inhibit virus transmission. The experiment was performed under high virus pressure conditions (10 viruliferous insects per plant for 48 h) using a fully characterized field strain of B. tabaci. The insecticides were foliarly applied at recommended label rates under greenhouse conditions. Flupyradifurone suppressed virus transmission by 85% while levels of suppression after thiamethoxam treatments were just 25% and significantly lower. In untreated control plots, 100% of plants were infected by TYLCV. The observed difference in the potential to suppress virus transmission is linked to a strong knockdown effect as well as prolonged feeding inhibition in flupyradifurone treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flupyradifurone is shown to be an extremely useful, fast-acting, new chemical tool in integrated crop management offering simultaneous control of whiteflies and strong suppression of viral infections via its rapid knockdown action and good residual activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Agricultural Organization - 'Demeter', Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops and Plant Protection, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-2977
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roditakis
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Agricultural Organization - 'Demeter', Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops and Plant Protection, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stavrakaki
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Agricultural Organization - 'Demeter', Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops and Plant Protection, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grispou
authors.affiliation: Bayer Hellas, Agronomic Development and Regulatory Affairs, Bayer Crop Science, Marousi, Greece.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achimastou
authors.affiliation: Bayer SAS, Agronomic Development, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Van Waetermeulen
authors.affiliation: Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D Pest Control, Monheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nauen
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Agricultural Organization - 'Demeter', Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops and Plant Protection, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsagkarakou
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D053839:Begomovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000821:virology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011725:Pyridines; C000606086:flupyradifurone; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: Bemisia tabaci; Sivanto; TYLCV; butenolide; flupyradifurone; neonicotinoid; thiamethoxam; tomato; virus; whitefly