title: Global trends in the burden of liver cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to describe the influence of geography, socio-economic development, and demographic shift on the trends in global incidence, mortality, and prevalence of liver cancer (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data (2012-2030) relating to LC and demographic shifts based on WHO regions and HDI areas were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 and analyzed to evaluate trends in incidence, mortality, and prevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of our study document a rising global burden of LC with the maximum impact in the WPRO region. We did not observe a definite association between LC and higher socio-economic status with the highest burden in the MHD region. For the MHD region, we noticed age reversal in burden from the younger age group currently to the older age group in the future (2030). Another finding is the high burden and early onset of disease in some low-income countries such as Mongolia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study demonstrate a rising global burden of LC with some significant but uneven trends based on geography, age, and socio-economic status. This information can be used to shape policy and aid strategic targeting of resources to areas with the highest burden.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Chandrakanth
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Are
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Bria
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Apollo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Humera
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Biyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tianqiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011157:Population Dynamics; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Human Development Index; WHO regions; burden; demographic shift; liver cancer