title: In vivo antitumour potential of camel's milk against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats and its improvement of cisplatin renal side effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Camel milk (CM) is recommended for liver disease patients in Egypt for a strong belief that it has a curative effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effect of consumption of CM with or without chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was evaluated on induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar male rats (56) were divided into eight groups (7 rats each). Group I was control. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg BW) and promoted by phenobarbitone (500 ppm) in drinking water in groups V, VI, VII and VIII. Treatment started from 28th till 38th week using CM (5 mL/day) and/or cisplatin (5 mg/kg/3 weeks) in groups II, III IV, VI, VII and VIII. Biochemical analysis, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver tissue were performed. Histopathology of liver and kidney and immunohistochemistry of placental glutathione-S-transferase (P-GST) in liver were performed and analyzed using image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Albumin concentration and SOD activity were 3.13 ± 0.23 and 311.45 ± 41.71 in group VII (DENA & cisplatin), whereas they were 4.3 ± 0.15 and 540.5 ± 29.94 in group VII (DENA, CM and cisplatin). The mean area of altered hepatocellular foci and P-GST altered foci decreased in group VI (DENA and CM) (1049.6 ± 174.78 and 829.1 ± 261) and group VIII (cisplatin and CM) (1615.12 ± 436 and 543.9 ± 127) compared to group V (DENA only) (4173.74 ± 510.7 and 3169.49 ± 538.61). Cisplatin caused chronic interstitial nephritis, which was slightly alleviated in group VIII (CM and cisplatin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CM had an antioxidant effect and together with cisplatin managed to decrease hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Hala M F
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El Miniawy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Kawkab A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pesticide Chemistry , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Sameeh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa M Salah
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Khattab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002162:Camelus; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010634:Phenobarbital; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D012709:Serum Albumin; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; C496558:Gstp1 protein, rat; D002945:Cisplatin; D010634:Phenobarbital
keywords: Diethylnitrosamine; histopathology; lipid peroxidation; placental glutathione-S-transferase; superoxide dismutase