title: Amino acid profiling in the gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing globally which is associated with various side effects for mothers and fetus. It seems that metabolomic profiling of the amino acids may be useful in early diagnosis of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the association of the amino acids profiles with GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty three pregnant women with gestational age ≥25 weeks were randomly selected among pregnant women referred to prenatal care clinic in Arash hospital of Tehran, Iran. Women divided into three groups including 1) 25 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance test, 2) 27 pregnant women with diabetes type 2 (T2D) (n: 27) and 3) 31 women with GDM (n: 31). Plasma levels of amino acids were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and were compared in three groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal mothers, GDM mothers showed higher plasma concentrations of Arginine (P= 0.01), Glycine (P= 0.01) and Methionine (P= 0.04), whereas the pregnant women with T2D had higher plasma levels of Asparagine (P= 0.01), Tyrosine (P< 0.01), Valine (P< 0.01), Phenylalanine (P< 0.01), Glutamine (P< 0.01) and Isolucine (P< 0.01). The results of regression analyses confirmed the significantly elevated in plasma concentration of Asparagine (OR:3.64, CI 1.22-10.47), Threonine (OR:3.38, CI 1.39-8.25), Aspartic acid (OR:3.92, CI 1.19-12.91), Phenylalanine (OR:2.66, CI 1.01-6.94), Glutamine (OR:2.53, CI 1.02-6.26) and Arginine (OR:1.96, CI 1.02-3.76) after adjustment for gestational age and BMI in GDM mothers compared to normal ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amino acids levels are associated with risk of GDM and diabetes mellitus. However further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of different metabolites involved in mechanism of GDM.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Najmeh
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3572-8371
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Razi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ensieh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nasli-Esfahani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qorbani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirzad
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
keywords: Amino acids; Diabetes mellitus; Gestational diabetes