title: Rapid determination of some psychotropic drugs in complex matrices by tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Simple and rapid determinations of some psychotropic drugs in some pharmaceutical wastewater and human plasma samples were successfully accomplished via the tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (TDLLME-HPLC-UV). TDLLME of the three psychotropic drugs clozapine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine was easily performed through two consecutive dispersive liquid-liquid microextractions. By performing this convenient method, proper sample preconcentrations and clean-ups were achieved in just about 7min. In order to achieve the best extraction efficiency, the effective parameters involved were optimized. The optimal experimental conditions consisted of 100μL of CCl4(as the extraction organic solvent), and the pH values of 13 and 2 for the donor and acceptor phases, respectively. Under these optimum experimental conditions, the proposed TDLLME-HPLC-UV technique provided a good linearity in the range of 5-3000ngmL-1for the three psychotropic drugs with the correlation of determinations (R2s) higher than 0.996. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) obtained were 5.0ngmL-1and 1.0-1.5ngmL-1, respectively. Also the proper enrichment factors (EFs) of 96, 99, and 88 for clozapine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine, respectively, and good extraction repeatabilities (relative standard deviations below 9.3%, n=5) were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 2333383-193, Iran. Electronic address: aasghari@semnan.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 2333383-193, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 2333383-193, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazregar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 2333383-193, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 2333383-193, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boutorabi
mesh_terms: D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002746:Chlorpromazine; D003024:Clozapine; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D013881:Thioridazine; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: High performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection; Psychotropic drugs; Tandem dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction