title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease associated with cardiac and vascular complications in hypertensive patients: a multicenter, nation-wide study in Thailand.
abstract: Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common conditions and both are major risk factors for cardiovascular events. The objectives were 1) to study the prevalence of CKD in hypertensive patients and 2) to study the association of CKD with cardiac and vascular complications in a multicenter, nation-wide fashion.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study evaluated patients aged 20 years or older who were diagnosed with hypertension and who had been treated for at least 12 months at 831 public hospitals in Thailand during the 2012 study period. Outcome measurements included calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiac and vascular complications that included coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Multivariable modeling was conducted to determine independent factors associated with increased risk of cardiac and vascular complications.
  
  
  
  A total of 28770 patients were enrolled. Average age was 62.8 years and 37% were male. Prevalence of CKD stage 3 and 4-5 was 33.2 and 4.3%, respectively. Prevalence of cardiac and vascular complications was 10.5% (5% having coronary artery disease, 3.9% stroke, 1.7% heart failure, and 1.2% atrial fibrillation). CKD was an independent risk factor associated with each of the complications and overall cardiac and vascular complications with an adjusted Odds ratio of 1.4 for CKD stage 3 and 1.9 for CKD stage 4-5.
  
  
  
  Prevalence of CKD stage 3-5 in hypertensive population was 37.5%. CKD is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac and vascular outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. rungroj.kri@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Rungroj
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8684-2361
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krittayaphong
authors.affiliation: Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rangsin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Bandit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thinkhamrop
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Srinakarinwirot University, Nakornnayok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suthee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattanamongkolgul
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry Unit, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nintita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sripaiboonkij
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wipaporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wangworatrakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cardiac; Chronic kidney disease; Complication; Hypertension; Vascular