title: Glomerular Morphology and Renal Function after Warm Ischemia by Main Artery or Selective Clamping in a Porcine Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to evaluate the ischemic and non-ischemic areas after selective arterial occlusion by using stereological analysis of glomeruli, and to compare them with main arterial clamping and sham-operated animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male pigs were used in the study. The animals were divided into 3 groups with 8 animals in each as follows: group sham, submitted to laparoscopic dissection of the renal pedicle but not submitted to ischemia; group arterial (A), submitted to left renal artery clamping; and group selective (S), submitted to left renal artery caudal branch occlusion. Groups A and S underwent 30 min of warm ischemia. Left and right kidneys were collected after 21 days and renal fragments were processed for stereological evaluation. Glomerular volume density (Vv[glom]), mean glomerular volume (MGV), and glomerular density were measured. Serum creatinine and urea were assessed preoperatively, 10 days after surgery, and before euthanasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference among groups with regard to renal function. Renal weight and volume were similar among groups. Also, no difference was observed between the groups with regard to Vv[glom], MGV, and glomerular density, both when compared to its right control or when left kidneys were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective arterial clamping technique was neither superior nor inferior to main artery clamping.
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Damasceno-Ferreira
authors.forename: Leonardo A S
authors.initials: LAS
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Waldemar S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Francisco J B
authors.initials: FJB
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pereira-Sampaio
authors.forename: Diogo B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003250:Constriction; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009929:Organ Size; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012079:Renal Circulation; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D052096:Warm Ischemia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Animal models; Nephrons; Partial nephrectomy; Swine; Warm ischemia