title: Comorbidity of Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Bipolar Patients: Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity in bipolar patients and to investigate the influence of this comorbidity on the clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder (BD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 135 patients with BD type I and II and BD not otherwise specified were included in this study. First, the Adult ADD/ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (ADHD scale) was administered to all patients, and all of the patients were also interviewed for the diagnosis. Patients who were diagnosed as having ADHD comorbidity (n=23) on the basis of DSM-IV and those who were not diagnosed to have ADHD comorbidity (n=32) were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical correlates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of 135 patients (17%) were found to have ADHD comorbidity. In the ADHD comorbidity group, the level of education and the number of suicide attempts were higher (p=.011 and .043, respectively). Although not significant, subthreshold depressive symptoms in interepisodic periods, the lifetime history of antidepressant use and the total number of lifetime depressive episodes tended to be more frequent in bipolar disorder with ADHD comorbidity group than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolar disorder has a frequent comorbidity with ADHD, and contrary to expectations, it might be related to the depressive aspect, rather than the manic aspect, of bipolar disorder. Early diagnosis of ADHD comorbidity in bipolar patients might help to prevent serious risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tonguç Demir
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Berkol
authors.affiliation: İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlhan
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Yargiç
authors.affiliation: Öteki Psychotherapy Center, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlker
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Özyildirim
authors.affiliation: İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Olcay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yazici
keywords: Adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; bipolar disorder; comorbidity; depressive symptoms