title: Expression of lactate dehydrogenase C correlates with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Lactate dehydrogenase C is an isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase and a member of the cancer-testis antigens family. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and functional role of lactate dehydrogenase C and its basic mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma. First, a total of 133 cases of renal cell carcinoma samples were analysed in a tissue microarray, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between lactate dehydrogenase C expression and renal cell carcinoma progression. Lactate dehydrogenase C protein levels and messenger RNA levels were significantly upregulated in renal cell carcinoma tissues, and the patients with positive lactate dehydrogenase C expression had a shorter progression-free survival, indicating the oncogenic role of lactate dehydrogenase C in renal cell carcinoma. In addition, further cytological experiments demonstrated that lactate dehydrogenase C could prompt renal cell carcinoma cells to produce lactate, and increase metastatic and invasive potential of renal cell carcinoma cells. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase C could induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. In summary, these findings showed lactate dehydrogenase C was associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma and played a pivotal role in the migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells. Lactate dehydrogenase C may act as a novel biomarker for renal cell carcinoma progression and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jundong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Chenkui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yajie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C409673:lactate dehydrogenase C4; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Lactate dehydrogenase C; cancer–testis antigens; epithelial–mesenchymal transition; renal cell carcinoma; tumour metastasis