title: Shoulder proprioception in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, proprioception deficits of the rotator cuff and the deltoid muscles have been suggested to play a pivotal role in the subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). To date, there are no study has been found where the kinesthesia and joint position senses have been evaluated together in SIS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the shoulder proprioception in patients with SIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one patients with SIS and 30 healthy controls, aging between 25 and 65 years, were included in the study. Main outcome measure was proprioception, assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer. Kinesthesia, active and passive joint repositioning senses were tested at 0° and 10° external rotation. All tests were repeated 4 times and the mean of angular errors were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 49.14 ± 10.27 and 48.80 ± 11.09 years in patient group and in control group respectively. No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of age, gender and dominance. When involved and uninvolved shoulders of the patient group were compared, kinesthesia, active and passive joint position senses were significantly impaired in involved shoulders at all angles (P < 0.05). When involved shoulders of the patient group were compared to the control group, kinesthesia, active and passive joint position senses were significantly impaired in involved shoulders in patient group at all angles (P < 0.05) except active position sense at 0°. When uninvolved shoulders of the patient group were compared to the control group, kinesthesia at 10° was significantly impaired (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that shoulder proprioception was impaired in patients with SIS. This proprioceptive impairment was found not only in involved shoulders but also in uninvolved shoulders in patients with SIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dilek
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehtap
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gundogdu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ergin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnostic, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manisali
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akalin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gulbahar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D017006:Rotator Cuff; D012782:Shoulder; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Shoulder; kinesthesia; position sense; proprioception; subacromial impingement syndrome