title: Comparative analysis of biological effect of corannulene and graphene on developmental and sleep/wake profile of zebrafish larvae.
abstract: Little is known about the biological effect of non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as corannulene on organisms. In this study, we compared the effect of corannulene (non-planar PAH) and graphene (planar PAH) on embryonic development and sleep/wake behaviors of larval zebrafish. First, the toxicity of graded doses of corannulene (1, 10, and 50μg/mL) was tested in developing zebrafish embryos. Corannulene showed minimal developmental toxicity only induced an epiboly delay. Further, a significant decrease in locomotion/increase in sleep was observed in larvae treated with the highest dose (50μg/mL) of corannulene while no significant locomotion alterations were induced by graphene. Finally, the effect of corannulene or graphene on the hypocretin (hcrt) system and sleep/wake regulators such as hcrt, hcrt G-protein coupled receptor (hcrtr), and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase-2 (aanat2) was evaluated. Corannulene increased sleep and reduced locomotor activity and the expression of hcrt and hcrtr mRNA while graphene did not obviously disturb the sleep behavior and gene expression patterns. These results suggest that the corannulene has the potential to cause hypnosis-like behavior in larvae and provides a fundamental comparative understanding of the effects of corannulene and graphene on biology systems.
  
  
  
  Little is known about the biological effect of non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as corannulene on organisms. Here, we compare the effect of corannulene (no-planar PAH) and graphene (planar PAH) on embryonic development and sleep/wake behaviors of larval zebrafish. And we aim to investigate the effect of curvature on biological system. First, toxicity of corannulene over the range of doses (1μg/mL, 10μg/mL and 50μg/mL) was tested in developing zebrafish embryos. Corannulene has minimal developmental toxicity, only incurred epiboly delay. Subsequently, a significant decrease in locomotion/increase in sleep at the highest dose (50μg/mL) was detected in corannulene treated larvae while no significant locomotion alterations was induced by graphene. Finally, the impact of corannulene or graphene on hypocretin system and sleep/wake regulator such as hcrt, hcrtr and aanat2 was evaluated. Corannulene increased sleep, reduced locomotor activity and the expression of hcrt and hcrtr mRNA while graphene did not obviously disturb the sleep behaviors and gene expression patterns. This result may indicate the potential effect of corannulene to cause hypnosia-like behavior in larvae and provide the fundamental understanding for the biological effect of curvature on biology system.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: DaoFu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: ShuHui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: DongYan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: ZhiXiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: xzfeng@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: XiZeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C434863:corannulene; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Corannulene; Embryonic development; Hypocretin system; Sleep/wake; Zebrafish larvae