title: Polymorphisms of survivin -31 G/C gene are associated with risk of urothelial carcinoma in Serbian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survivin is thought to play an important role in carcinogenesis and is found to be associated with poor clinical outcome in various malignancies. Gene -31 G/C polymorphism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of several types of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between survivin gene promoter -31C/G polymorphism and urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk in Serbian population and to compare the different expressions of survivin in UC of different disease stages, histological grades and tumor location in the upper or lower urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from 94 patients with primary UC and from 82 healthy subjects was subjected to PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) to identify individual genotypes. UC samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to assess survivin expression in these lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that the frequency of G/G genotype was greater in patients with UC (58.7%) than in controls (32%). Compared with study subjects carrying the C/G or C/C genotypes, significantly increased UC risk was found for individuals carrying the G/G genotype. Those carrying the G/G genotype had a significantly increased UC risk compared with those with C/G or C/C genotypes. Patients with UC carrying the G/G genotype had a greater prevalence of muscle-invading (stage T2-T4), high-grade (G2) tumor and immunohistochemicaly overexpressed survivin compared with those carrying the C/G or C/C genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G/G genotype of the -31C/G polymorphism might be a risk factor for UC development.
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazic
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soldatovic
authors.forename: Nađa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radunovic
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radojevic-Skodric
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milasin
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basta-Jovanovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077022:Survivin; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D000077022:Survivin