title: Paraesophageal hernia and gastric volvulus: an uncommon etiology of vomiting and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: The authors report the case of a 75 year-old woman admitted to the emergency room with abdominal pain and coffee ground vomiting. Marked epigastric distension with tenderness and signs of severe dehydration were present. Upper GI endoscopy showed a black esophagus covered by a large amount of dark fluid, diffuse hyperaemia and superficial erosions. Marked distortion of gastric anatomy caused by stomach rotation and a large paraesophageal hernia was observed and the pylorus was not identified. Chest X-ray and CT scan confirmed the presence of an organoaxial gastric volvulus with antero superior rotation and incarceration of the gastric antrum, which was located above the diaphragm. Immediate surgery repaired the diaphragmatic hernia, obtained volvulus reduction and a Nissen fundoplication was performed to prevent recurrence. The patient was discharged without further complications. Acute gastric volvulus is a rare entity that may manifest with vomiting due to gastric outlet obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with mucosal ischemia and sloughing. Emergency surgery wass required to resolve symptoms and prevent complications.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gonçalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patita
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vítor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology*