title: Studies on the protective effect of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against cadmium toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, and immunosuppressive and hematological disorders in rats.
abstract: Our objective was to explore the protective effect of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) against cadmium (Cd) toxicity-induced oxidative organ damage in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups of eight animals each. The first group was assigned as a control. Groups 2-4 were orally administered with ALE (300 mg/kg bw), Cd (CdCl2, 100 mg/L drinking water), and ALE plus Cd, respectively, daily for 4 weeks. After treatment with Cd, the liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly compared with the control rats. The sera interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and IL-10, liver transaminase, urea, creatinine, and peripheral neutrophil count were significantly increased in Cd-exposed rats compared to the control group. The reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) decreased in the liver and kidney in Cd-exposed group. In combination treatment, Cd and ALE significantly improved immune response, an antioxidant system, and hepatorenal function with a significant decline in MDA. In conclusion, ALE ameliorates the immunosuppressive and hepatorenal oxidative injury stimulated by Cd in rats. These results suggest that artichoke has shown promising effects against adverse effects of Cd toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. dr_elboshy@yahoo.com.|Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. dr_elboshy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Boshy
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaith
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qusty
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Thalat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bokhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.|Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nagwa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: AlTaweel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelhady
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase; D031943:Cynara scolymus; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002104:Cadmium; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Artichoke; Cadmium; Immunosuppressive; Oxidative stress; Rats