title: Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats.
abstract: Exercise training intensity is the major variant that influences the relationship between exercise, redox balance, and immune response. Supplement intake is a common practice for oxidative stress prevention; the effects of vitamin A (VA) on exercise training are not yet described, even though this molecule exhibits antioxidant properties. We investigated the role of VA supplementation on redox and immune responses of adult Wistar rats subjected to swimming training. Animals were divided into four groups: sedentary, sedentary + VA, exercise training, and exercise training + VA. Over eight weeks, animals were submitted to intense swimming 5 times/week and a VA daily intake of 450 retinol equivalents/day. VA impaired the total serum antioxidant capacity acquired by exercise, with no change in interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In skeletal muscle, VA caused lipid peroxidation and protein damage without differences in antioxidant enzyme activities; however, Western blot analysis showed that expression of superoxide dismutase-1 was downregulated, and upregulation of superoxide dismutase-2 induced by exercise was blunted by VA. Furthermore, VA supplementation decreased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and heat shock protein 70 expression, important factors for positive exercise adaptations and tissue damage prevention. Our data showed that VA supplementation did not confer any antioxidative and/or protective effects, attenuating exercise-acquired benefits in the skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. lyviapetiz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lyvia Lintzmaier
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Petiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. carolsg94@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina Saibro
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. rafaelbortolin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael Calixto
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bortolin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. alice.bio@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunzler
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. juciano.gasparotto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juciano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gasparotto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. talitabioq@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thallita Kelly
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rabelo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. cristianematte@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matté
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. jcfm@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: José Claudio Fonseca
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil. dgelain@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Daniel Pens
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gelain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009220:Myositis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000072257:Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000009:adverse effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014801:Vitamin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: antioxidant enzymes; antioxidant supplements; cytokines; exercise; vitamin