title: Daily Intake of Grape Powder Prevents the Progression of Kidney Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic ZSF1 Rats.
abstract: Individuals living with metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as diabetes and obesity are at high risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the beneficial effect of whole grape powder (WGP) diet on MetS-associated CKD. Obese diabetic ZSF1 rats, a kidney disease model with MetS, were fed WGP (5%,w/w) diet for six months. Kidney disease was determined using blood and urine chemical analyses, and histology. When compared to Vehicle controls, WGP intake did not change the rat bodyweight, but lowered their kidney, liver and spleen weight, which were in parallel with the lower serum glucose and the higher albumin or albumin/globin ratio. More importantly, WGP intake improved the renal function as urination and proteinuria decreased, or it prevented kidney tissue damage in these diabetic rats. The renal protection of WGP diet was associated with up-regulation of antioxidants (Dhcr24,Gstk1,Prdx2,Sod2,Gpx1 and Gpx4) and downregulation ofTxnip(for ROS production) in the kidneys. Furthermore, addition of grape extract reduced H₂O₂-induced cell death of cultured podocytes. In conclusion, daily intake of WGP reduces the progression of kidney disease in obese diabetic rats, suggesting a protective function of antioxidant-rich grape diet against CKD in the setting of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. sa.momen@windowslive.com.
authors.forename: Salwa M K
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Almomen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. qiunong@hotmail.com.|Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. qiunong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qiunong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. lph1972@163.com.|Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China. lph1972@163.com.
authors.forename: Peihe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. kaidiyang1994@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kaidi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. ahmad.sidiqi@alumni.ubc.ca.|Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z1Y6, Canada. ahmad.sidiqi@alumni.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sidiqi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z1Y6, Canada. alevin@providencehealth.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Adeera
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. caigan@mail.ubc.ca.|Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada. caigan@mail.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Caigan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002460:Cell Line; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018450:Disease Progression; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050199:Podocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: antioxidants; chronic kidney disease; dietary supplements; grape powder; metabolic syndrome; natural products