title: Lidocaine-loaded fish scale-nanocellulose biopolymer composite microneedles.
abstract: Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as an effective drug delivery system, and it has tremendous potential as a patient friendly substitute for conventional methods for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). In this paper, we report on the preparation of lidocaine-loaded biodegradable microneedles, which are manufactured from fish scale-derived collagen. Lidocaine, a common tissue numbing anaesthetic, is loaded in these microneedles with an aim of delivering the drug with controlled skin permeation. Evaluation of lidocaine permeation in porcine skin has been successfully performed using Franz diffusion cell (FDC) which has shown that the drug permeation rate increases from 2.5 to 7.5% w/w after 36 h and pseudo steady state profile is observed from 5.0 to 10.0% w/w lidocaine-loaded microneedle. Swelling experiments have suggested that the microneedles have negligible swellability which implies that the patch would stick to the tissue when inserted. The experiments on MN dissolution have depicted that the lidocaine loaded in the patch is lower than the theoretical loading, which is expected as there can be losses of the drug during initial process manufacture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: Pangkhi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ololade
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olatunji
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: K.V.S.R Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road, Siddhartha Nagar, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Chandra Teja
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Uppuluri
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Polymeric Material Division, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.affiliation: K.V.S.R Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road, Siddhartha Nagar, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Buchi N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nalluri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK. D.B.Das@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Diganta B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D063566:Biodegradable Plastics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009339:Needles; D012869:Skin Absorption; D017210:Tilapia
chemical_list: D063566:Biodegradable Plastics; D001704:Biopolymers; D029941:Fish Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: dissolution studies; fish scale biopolymer-nanocellulose microneedle; permeation studies; swelling studies