title: Inverse Relationship between Serum VEGF Levels and Late In-Stent Restenosis of Drug-Eluting Stents.
abstract: Late in-stent restenosis (ISR) has raised concerns regarding the long-term efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES). The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathological process of ISR is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum VEGF levels and late ISR in patients with DES implantation. A total of 158 patients who underwent angiography follow-up beyond 1 year after intervention were included. The study population was classified into ISR and non-ISR groups. The ISR group was further divided according to follow-up duration and Mehran classification. VEGF levels were significantly lower in the ISR group than in the non-ISR group [96.34 (48.18, 174.14) versus 179.14 (93.59, 307.74) pg/mL,p< 0.0001]. Multivariate regression revealed that VEGF level, procedure age, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were independent risk factors for late ISR formation. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that VEGF levels were even lower in the very late (≥5 years) and diffuse ISR group (Mehran patterns II, III, and IV) than in the late ISR group (1-4 years) and the focal ISR group (Mehran pattern I), respectively. Furthermore, significant difference was found between diffuse and focal ISR groups. Serum VEGF levels were inversely associated with late ISR after DES implantation.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiasheng
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8088-6053
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yizhe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8947-7969
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Sishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiahui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Junbo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8765-4941
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A