title: Laboratory-based high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: A novel and flexible reaction cell approach.
abstract: The last 10-15 years have witnessed a resurgence in the application of high pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mainly through the development of new electron energy analyser designs and the utilization of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation sources. To continue this expansion of the technique, it is crucial that instruments are developed for the home-laboratory, considering that this is where the vast majority of traditional ultra-high vacuum (UHV) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed. The research presented here introduces a new addition to the field, an instrument capable of performing spectroscopy measurements from UHV to high pressure (25 mbar), achieved using a retractable and modular reaction cell design. The ease of use, stability (of analyser, X-ray source, and gas delivery, etc.), and overall capability of the instrument will be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gwilherm
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kerherve
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regoutz
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Feeley
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.identifier: 0000000217942753
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Vacgen Ltd., Maunsell Road, Castleham Industrial Estate, Hastings, East Sussex TN38 9NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pontefract
authors.affiliation: Scienta Omicron AB, P.O. Box 15120, 750 15 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Åhlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Juhan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kahk
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ignacio J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Villar-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Payne