title: The global burden of melanoma: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite recent improvements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, vast differences in melanoma burden still exist between populations. Comparative data can highlight these differences and lead to focused efforts to reduce the burden of melanoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess global, regional and national melanoma incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vital registration system and cancer registry data were used for melanoma mortality modelling. Incidence and prevalence were estimated using separately modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios. Total prevalence was divided into four disease phases and multiplied by disability weights to generate years lived with disability (YLDs). Deaths in each age group were multiplied by the reference life expectancy to generate years of life lost (YLLs). YLDs and YLLs were added to estimate DALYs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The five world regions with the greatest melanoma incidence, DALY and mortality rates were Australasia, North America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe and Central Europe. With the exception of regions in sub-Saharan Africa, DALY and mortality rates were greater in men than in women. DALY rate by age was highest in those aged 75-79 years, 70-74 years and ≥ 80 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest burden from melanoma falls on Australasian, North American, European, elderly and male populations, which is consistent with previous investigations. These substantial disparities in melanoma burden worldwide highlight the need for aggressive prevention efforts. The Global Burden of Disease Study results can help shape melanoma research and public policy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, U.S.A.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-7576
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karimkhani
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-2875
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nijsten
authors.affiliation: Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, U.S.A.|Department of Dermatology and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, U.S.A.|Dermatology of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, U.S.A.|Dermatology Service, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health System, Denver, CO, U.S.A.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dellavalle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naghavi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.|Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitzmaurice
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D000071219:Global Burden of Disease; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D055815:Young Adult