title: Clinical characteristics of children with hemolytic uremic syndrome in Hangzhou, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a main cause of acute renal failure in children. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of HUS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed in 46 children with sporadic HUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 46 HUS patients, 20 (43.5%) were diarrhea-related HUS, and 26 (56.5%) were atypical HUS. Anemia, edema, oliguria, hemoglobinuria and hypertension were the most common manifestations. Thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, increased fibrinogen and hypocomplementemia were found in most patients. The age of onset (younger than 2 years or not, P=0.009), the duration of oliguria or anuria (more than one week or not, P=0.005), accompanied with extrarenal complications or not (P=0.005), dialysis and plasma exchange (P=0.04) were associated with the mortality rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age of onset younger than 2 years, oliguria/anuria more than 1 week, and associated with extrarenal complications were predictive factors of poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shui-Ai
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China. ningbotao@126.com.
authors.forename: Bo-Tao
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000379:methods; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: hemolytic uremic syndrome; prognosis; therapy