title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, and prostate cancer risk in black men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have prospectively examined the relationship between vitamin D status and prostate cancer risk in black men, a group at high risk for both low vitamin D status and prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among black men in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we identified 226 prostate cancer cases and 452 controls matched on age at randomization (±5 years), date of blood draw (±30 days), calendar year of cohort entry, and time since baseline prostate cancer screening (±1 year). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the 25(OH)D:DBP molar ratio, and prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with overall prostate cancer (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.40-1.33; P for trend = .25), although there were apparent inverse associations for nonaggressive disease (global P = .03, clinical stage I/II, and Gleason score <7) and among men ≥62 years old (P for interaction = .04) that were restricted to Q3. Interestingly, serum DBP was significantly inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-1.00; P for trend = .03), whereas the 25(OH)D:DBP molar ratio was not. Results were similar when we mutually adjusted for 25(OH)D and DBP, and we found no evidence of interaction between the two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests higher (versus lower) circulating DBP may be independently associated with a decreased prostate cancer risk in black men independent of 25(OH)D status. Cancer 2017;123:2698-704. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.|Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Tracy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Layne
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Graubard
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.|Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.|Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Mayne
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Demetrius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanes
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; African American/black men; prostate cancer; racial/ethnic cancer disparities; vitamin D binding protein