title: Traditional Chinese herbal extracts inducing autophagy as a novel approach in therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases around the world due to the modern sedentary and food-abundant lifestyle, which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver related with causes other than alcohol abuse. It is widely acknowledged that insulin resistance, dysfunctional lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis may all contribute to NAFLD. Autophagy is a protective self-digestion of intracellular organelles, including lipid droplets (lipophagy), in response to stress to maintain homeostasis. Lipophagy is another pathway for lipid degradation besides lipolysis. It is reported that impaired autophagy also contributes to NAFLD. Some studies have suggested that the histological characteristics of NAFLD (steatosis, lobular inflammation, and peri-sinusoid fibrosis) might be improved by treatment with traditional Chinese herbal extracts, while autophagy may be induced. This review will provide insights into the characteristics of autophagy in NAFLD and the related role/mechanisms of autophagy induced by traditional Chinese herbal extracts such as resveratrol, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, dioscin, bergamot polyphenol fraction, capsaicin, and garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine, which may inhibit the progression of NAFLD. Regulation of autophagy/lipophagy with traditional Chinese herbal extracts may be a novel approach for treating NAFLD, and the molecular mechanisms should be elucidated further in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Cong Liu, Jia-Zhi Liao, Pei-Yuan Li, Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Cong Liu, Jia-Zhi Liao, Pei-Yuan Li, Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Cong Liu, Jia-Zhi Liao, Pei-Yuan Li, Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: Autophagy; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Traditional Chinese herbal extracts