title: Determinants of health-related quality of life for patients after urinary lithotripsy: ureteroscopic vs. shock wave lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the longitudinal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after surgical intervention with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) and shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and to evaluate the factors affecting HRQoL in urolithiasis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 262 patients who underwent lithotripsy (SWL, n = 61; URSL, n = 201) for upper urinary tract calculi treatment between June 2012 and January 2015 were evaluated. All patients were administered the Short-Form 36-item survey (SF-36) to assess HRQoL at four timepoints: before surgery, on the day of discharge, and 1 and 6 months after lithotripsy. Stone-free rates, complications, and analgesic requirements were evaluated to compare the effects of the two procedures on HRQoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the day of discharge, patients in the URSL group had significantly lower mean scores on five different subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire, namely, physical functioning, role-physical, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. The stone-free rate at 3 months after lithotripsy was significantly lower in the SWL group (72.1% vs. URSL, 93.0%; p < 0.001). The hospital stay was shorter in the SWL group (2.1 ± 0.07 vs. URSL, 4.1 ± 0.13 days; p < 0.001), and the analgesia requirements were also lower in the SWL group (0.3 ± 0.08 vs. URSL, 0.9 ± 0.20; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The post-lithotripsy HRQoL was superior for SWL compared to URSL on the discharge date despite the lower stone-free rate of the former. The longer hospital stay and higher postoperative pain appeared to be the determinants of the lower HRQoL in the URSL group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan. hamamo10@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.|Department of Urology, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Aichi, Japan. hamamo10@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unno
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naiki
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gyotoku General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.|Department of Urology, Qena University Hospital, Qena, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: AbdelRazek
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Analgesia requirements; Health-related quality of life; Shock wave lithotripsy; The Short-Form 36-item survey; Ureteroscopic lithotripsy