title: An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time.
abstract: In recent years multiple novel influenza A strains have emerged in humans. We reviewed publically available data to summarise epidemiological characteristics of distinct avian influenza viruses known to cause human infection and describe changes over time. Most recently identified zoonotic strains have emerged in China (H7N9, H5N6, H10N8) - these strains have occurred mostly in association with visiting a live bird market. Most zoonotic AIVs and swine influenza variants typically cause mild infections in humans however severe illness and fatalities are associated with zoonotic H5N6, H10N8, H7N9 and H5N1 serotypes, and the H1N1 1918 Spanish Influenza. The changing landscape of avian influenza globally indicates a need to reassess the risk of a pandemic influenza outbreak of zoonotic origin.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.
authors.forename: Chau Minh
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.
authors.forename: Abrar Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chughtai
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.
authors.forename: Dillon Charles
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.|College of Public Service & Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ USA.
authors.forename: C Raina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: MacIntyre
keywords: Avian influenza; Emerging infectious diseases; Influenza A; One health