title: Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
abstract: Multiple Sclerosis is associated with deficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) level and cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate cognitive performance in MS patients with deficient 25 (OH)D (<25 ng/ml) compared to patients with sufficient levels (>35 ng/ml), then to evaluate the change in cognitive performance after 3 months of vitamin D3 oral replacement. Eighty-eight MS patients with relapsing remitting and clinically isolated type of MS, older than 18 years treated with interferon beta were enrolled. Cognitive testing was performed at baseline and at 3 months using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Stroop, Symbol Digit Modalities (SDMT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT-R). Serum 25 (OH)D was measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Vitamin D3 replacement improved the MS patients' cognitive performance after 3 months on the MoCA and BVMT-Delayed Recall (DR). Sufficient serum 25 (OH)D level predicted better cognitive performance on the BVMT-DR at baseline (β: 1.74, p: <0.008) and 3 months (β: 1.93, p: <0.01) after adjusting for all measured confounding variables. Vitamin D3replacement could improve cognitive performance in MS patients and make a significant difference in the patient's quality of life.
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Hariri School of Nursing, Beirut, Lebanon.|American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ribal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghassan
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, Beirut, Lebanon.|American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Bassem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yamout
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, Beirut, Lebanon.|American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002112:Calcifediol