title: The effective migration of Massilia sp. WF1 by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and its phenanthrene biodegradation in soil.
abstract: Pollutant-degrading bacteria migrated by fungi may enhance the contacts between microorganisms and pollutants and improve the bioremediation efficiency of persistent organic pollutants in soil. Here, the migration of phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading bacteria Massilia sp. WF1 and Mycobacterium sp. WY10 by the hydrophobic fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) and its effects on the PHE biodegradation in soil were investigated. Migration of the hydrophilic bacterium WF1 was better than that of the hydrophobic bacterium WY10 by P. chrysosporium mycelia since strain WF1 possesses flagellum and the type III secretion system. The interaction energy change of P. chrysosporium-WF1 was lower, but the interaction forces (van der Waals attractions, capillary forces, and cross-linking effects) were stronger than those of P. chrysosporium-WY10. Thus, the adhesive attraction between strain WF1 and P. chrysosporium was stronger, and consequently, strain WF1 was migrated by P. chrysosporium to a greater extent than WY10. The corresponding migration mechanism was inferred to be a bacterial 'passive' method: bacteria adhered to mycelia before they migrated with the growing mycelia. Moreover, migrated strain WF1 via P. chrysosporium showed effective PHE biodegradation in soil. Fungus-mediated migration of pollutant-degrading bacteria may play an important role in the bioremediation of pollutants in soil.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yuanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xingmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: wanghz@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen-Tu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Laosheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lingzao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D042802:Oxalobacteraceae / Q000502:physiology*; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioremediation; Fungus-bacterium interactions; Microbial migration; Phenanthrene