title: Platycodin D protects against cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice.
abstract: Cigarette smoke is the one of the major factors that leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inflammation and oxidant stress have been known to play critical roles in the development of COPD. Platycodin D (PLD) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of PLD on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation in mice. PLD was adminstrated i.p. to mice 2h before CS exposure daily for five consecutive days. The production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were also detected in this study. The expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NF-κB, and IκBα were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that PLD significantly attenuated CS-induced lung pathological changes, inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β production. CS-induced MDA and NO production were also inhibited by treatment of PLD. Western blot analysis showed that PLD significantly suppressed CS-induced NF-κB activation. In addition, PLD was found to increase the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Taken together, these results indicated that PLD protected against CS-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative response through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. PLD might be an effective treatment for CS-induced lung inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China. Electronic address: yanghongxia112@126.com.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012503:Saponins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C108953:platycodin D; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse
keywords: Cigarette smoke; Lung inflammation; NF-κB; Nrf2; Platycodin D