title: Vitamin D3affects innate immune status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.).
abstract: The effects of vitamin D3dietary administration on certain innate immune parameters on the expression of immune-related genes in head-kidney (HK) and gut were investigated in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Vitamin D3(vD3) was orally administered to fish in a commercial pellet food supplemented with 0 (control); 3750; 18,750; or 37,500 U kg-1. Furthermore, gut histology was considered. This study showed a modulation in the activities examined in fish fed with the addition of vD3. After just 2 weeks of administration, diet supplementation with the vitamin resulted in increased phagocytic ability, while serum peroxidase content was increased in fish fed with all experimental diets after 4 weeks, no significant differences were observed in protease, anti-protease, natural haemolytic complement activities and total IgM level. At gene level, fbl and rbl transcripts were up-regulated in HK in fish fed with the highest concentration of vD3-supplemented diets after 4 weeks, while in the gut, an up-regulation of hep gene was observed in fish fed with the different doses of vD3. These results suggest that vD3may be of great interest for immunostimulatory purposes in fish farms.
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, Conisma, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dioguardi
authors.affiliation: Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, Conisma, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vazzana
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, Conisma, Palermo, Italy. matteo.cammarata@unipa.it.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cammarata
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol
keywords: Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3); European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.); Innate immunity; Teleost