title: Integration of coagulation and adsorption for removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors from biologically treated municipal wastewater.
abstract: This study investigated the N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential of various dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in biologically treated municipal wastewater by UF fractionation, XAD-8 resin adsorption isolation, and excitation and emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. Removal of various NDMA precursor fractions was also analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of traditional water treatment processes (coagulation, adsorption, and coagulation-adsorption). Results showed that NDMA were mainly formed by low molecular weight (MW) fractions (<30 kDa) and hydrophilic fractions (HiS) in biologically treated municipal wastewater. Integrated coagulation-adsorption treatments showed the highest reduction capacity for NDMA formation potential (57%), followed by isolated adsorption treatment (50%) and isolated coagulation treatment (28%). The powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption process could reduce the high MW precursors (>30 kDa) by 48%, which was higher than other treatments. In contrast, the highest uptake (66%) of low MW precursors (<30 kDa) was achieved by the coagulation-adsorption process. All treatments preferentially removed the hydrophobic acids (HoA) fraction compared to other fractions. Coagulation could remove more fulvic acid-like substances and adsorption could remove more microbial by-products and aromatic proteins.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Defang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China. wangyan_sdjn@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan, 250014, China.
authors.forename: Fengli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chufan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Fluorescence; Hydrophobicity; Molecular weight; Municipal wastewater reuse; N-nitrosodimethylamine