title: Classification of intra-specific variation in plant functional strategies reveals adaptation to climate.
abstract: In plants, extensive intra-specific variation exists in the allocation of resources between vegetative growth and reproduction, reflecting different functional strategies. A simple method for the classification of intra-specific variation in these strategies would enable characterization of evolutionary and ecological processes.
  
  
  
  C-S-R theory can be applied to classify functional strategies (competitive C; stress tolerant, S; ruderal, R) in different plant species. Using a diverse set of arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) accessions grown under common conditions, it was tested whether a simple approach designed for allocating C-S-R strategies at the species level can also be used to analyse intra-specific variation.
  
  
  
  Substantial intra-specific variation between arabidopsis accessions was found along the S-R axis. There was a positive correlation of temperature at the geographical origin with the dimension of S and a negative correlation with the dimension of R. Flowering time in a natural annual cycle and leaf dry matter content were identified as the main determinants of this adaptation, with plants originating from warmer climates having a higher leaf dry matter content and flowering earlier in a common garden.
  
  
  
  It was shown that functional strategies reflect adaptation to climate, with consequences for important traits such as fecundity and total plant dry weight. The approach could be used in genome-wide association studies to determine the genetic basis of functional strategies in wild species or crops.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Rose-Lucy
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.|School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wingler
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002980:Climate; D014644:Genetic Variation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; C–S–R theory; life history; resource allocation; ruderality; senescence; stress tolerance; world-wide leaf economics spectrum