title: Increased trefoil factor 2 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: In chronically damaged tissue, trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides ensure epithelial protection and restitution. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), TFF1 and TFF2 are reported to be upregulated. Especially in the early phase, CKD is associated with silently ongoing renal damage and inflammation. Moreover, many patients are diagnosed late during disease progression. We therefore sought to investigate the potential of TFF2 as biomarker for CKD. We followed 118 patients suffering from predialysis CKD and 23 healthy volunteers. TFF2 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Our results showed, that median TFF2 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with later CKD stages as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) or early stages (p < 0.001). In patients with mid CKD stages TFF2 serum levels were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p = 0.002). Patients with early or mid CKD stages had significantly higher TFF2 urine concentrations than later CKD stages (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Fractional TFF2 excretion differed significantly between early CKD stages and healthy controls (p = 0.01). ROC curve showed that TFF2 levels can predict different CKD stages (AUC > 0.75). In conclusion, urine and serum TFF2 levels of CKD patients show a different profile dependent on CKD stages. Whereas TFF2 urine levels continuously decreased with disease progression, TFF2 serum concentrations progressively increased from the early to later CKD stages, indicating changes in renal function and offering the potential to examine the course of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lebherz-Eichinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tudor
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hendrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Cardiology, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Einwallner
authors.affiliation: Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roth-Walter
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Krenn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2