title: Chrysin Attenuates IL-1β-Induced Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Suppressing NF-κB in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and inflammation. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid extracted from honey and propolis, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of chrysin on OA have not been reported. This study aimed to assess the effects of chrysin on human OA chondrocytes. Human OA chondrocytes were pretreated with chrysin (1, 5, 10 μM) for 2 h and subsequently stimulated with IL-1β for 24 h. Production of NO, PGE2, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 was evaluated by the Griess reaction and ELISAs. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, aggrecan, and collagen-II was measured by real-time PCR. The protein expression of COX-2, iNOS, p65, p-p65, IκB-α, and p-IκB-α was detected by Western blot. The protein expression of collagen-II and p65 nuclear translocation was evaluated by immunofluorescence. We found that chrysin significantly inhibited the IL-1β-induced production of NO and PGE2; expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5; and degradation of aggrecan and collagen-II. Furthermore, chrysin dramatically blocked IL-1β-stimulated IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation. Taken together, these results suggest that chrysin may be a potential agent in the treatment of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Leyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chuanxu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China. chenhuafey@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-2317
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000378:metabolism; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D024043:Collagen Type II; D005419:Flavonoids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C043561:chrysin
keywords: IL-1β; NF-κB; chondrocytes; chrysin; osteoarthritis