title: Live birth outcome, spontaneous pregnancy and adoption up to five years after undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is part of a longitudinal cohort undertaken in both women and men to describe live birth outcome after undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in a clinical setting. Another objective was to follow women and men living with children from other alternatives after ART, such as adoption.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 439 (80.5%) women and 423 (77.6%) men were included in the baseline cohort (2005-2007). Live birth rate after ART was 24.8% at baseline. Up to 5 years later (2010-2011) the same participants were sent individual postal questionnaires (n = 439).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 278 (63.3%) women and 183 (41.7%) men filled in and returned the questionnaire at follow up. The majority of women (91.7%) and men (93.4%) were living with children. A total of 225 (80.9%) women had a live birth at follow up. Of these, almost three of four (71.6%) had a live birth after ART and more than one of four (28.0%) after spontaneous pregnancies or both. Of these, 52 (26.1%) women had a subsequent live birth after successful ART and 26 (32.9%) women after unsuccessful ART. Nineteen (6.8%) women and 13 (7.1%) men had a child after adoption. Almost one of five (19.1%) women had no live birth at follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of women and men were living with children, resulting from a live birth after ART, spontaneous pregnancy and/or adoption up to 5 years later. However, almost one of five had no live birth at follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.|Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-0280
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Volgsten
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lone
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-1734
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017741:Survivors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adoption; assisted reproductive technology; follow up; infertility; longitudinal cohort study; spontaneous pregnancy