title: Effect of O-chitosan nanoparticles on the development and membrane permeability of Verticillium dahliae.
abstract: Verticillium dahliae, which causes wilting in over 300 woody and herbaceous plant species, is a representative of fungal plant diseases for which effective controls are still needed. In this study, the antifungal action of oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles was investigated against V. dahliae. Media containing oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles dramatically decreased the mycelium growth. The highest antifungal indexes were observed on media amended with 2mg/mL nanoparticles. Optical microscopy showed that spore germination and hyphae morphology were affected. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated degenerative alterations including crumpled hyphae and spores, thickened cell walls, disappeared membranous organelles, massive vacuolation of the cytoplasm, and cell wall-plasmalemma separation. Fluorescence microscopy showed that nanoparticles were internalized by fungal cells. The sharp increase in the release of intracellular components and decrease of total cellular protein concentration demonstrated damaged cell membranes. Overall, the results indicate that oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles have the potential to control phytopathogens in agriculture.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: xingke@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: 18361297321@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: 836528060@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Wanbang Pharmaceutical Company, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: 592896575@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China. Electronic address: xyli821187@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: mxm0107@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: fzz2012@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaozhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: pengxue@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: shengqin@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010539:Permeability; D020172:Verticillium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Acetic acid (PubChem CID: 176); Agar (PubChem CID: 76645041); Antifungal index; Cell membrane; Chitosan; Chitosan (PubChem CID: 71853); Dextrose (PubChem CID: 79025); Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Fluorescein isothiocyanate (PubChem CID: 18730); Glutaraldehyde (PubChem CID: 3485); Morphology; Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639); Osmium tetraoxide (PubChem CID: 30318); Plant pathogenic fungi; Spore germination; Uranyl acetate (PubChem CID: 10915)