title: The choroid plexus as a site of damage in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and its role in responding to injury.
abstract: While the impact of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes on the blood-brain barrier has been extensively studied, the impact of these types of stroke on the choroid plexus, site of the blood-CSF barrier, has received much less attention. The purpose of this review is to examine evidence of choroid plexus injury in clinical and preclinical studies of intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. It then discusses evidence that the choroid plexuses are important in the response to brain injury, with potential roles in limiting damage. The overall aim of the review is to highlight deficiencies in our knowledge on the impact of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes on the choroid plexus, particularly with reference to intraventricular hemorrhage, and to suggest that a greater understanding of the response of the choroid plexus to stroke may open new avenues for brain protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Routhe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: D Andrew
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. rkeep@umich.edu.|Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. rkeep@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Blood–brain barrier; Cerebral ischemia; Cerebrospinal fluid; Choroid plexus; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Subarachnoid hemorrhage