title: Potential of used frying oil in paving material: solution to environmental pollution problem.
abstract: The improper disposal of used frying oil (UFO) presents numerous ecological, environmental and municipal problems. Of great concern is the resultant blockage of municipal drainage systems and water treatment facilities, harm to wildlife when they become coated in it and detriment to aquatic life and ecosystems due to the depletion of the oxygen content in water bodies such as rivers and lakes that have become contaminated. Statistics show that in Trinidad and Tobago, in excess of one million liters of used cooking oil is collected annually from various restaurant chains. This paper investigated the potential of using UFO as a performance enhancing additive for road paving applications utilizing Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) as a mitigation strategy for improper UFO disposal. Modified blends containing various additions of UFO (2-10% wt) were prepared for the TLA and TPB asphaltic binders. Results demonstrated in terms of stiffness, increasing the dosage of UFO in TLA and TPB base binders resulted in a gradual decrease in stiffness (G* value decreased). In terms of elasticity, increasing the dosage of the UFO additive in TLA resulted in a general decrease in the elasticity of the blends indicated by an increase in phase angle or phase lag (δ). Increasing dosages of the UFO additive in TPB resulted in a significant decrease in δ where the most elastic blend was at the 6% UFO level. TLA and UFO-TLA modified blends exhibited significantly lower values of δ and higher values of G* confirming the superiority of the TLA material. Incorporation of the UFO in the blends led to a decrease in the rutting resistance and increase in the fatigue cracking resistance (decrease in G*/sinδ and G*sinδ, respectively). This study highlighted the potential for the reuse of UFO as an asphalt modifier capable of producing customized UFO modified asphaltic blends for special applications and confirms its feasibility as an environmentally attractive means of reusing the waste/hazardous UFO material locally.
authors.affiliation: The University of Trinidad and Tobago, O'Meara Industrial Park, 74-98 Churchill Roosevelt Highway, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago. dimple.singh@utt.edu.tt.
authors.forename: Dimple
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-3220
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh-Ackbarali
authors.affiliation: The University of Trinidad and Tobago, O'Meara Industrial Park, 74-98 Churchill Roosevelt Highway, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Rean
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.affiliation: The University of Trinidad and Tobago, O'Meara Industrial Park, 74-98 Churchill Roosevelt Highway, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Nazim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: The University of Trinidad and Tobago, O'Meara Industrial Park, 74-98 Churchill Roosevelt Highway, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Vitra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramjattan-Harry
mesh_terms: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D060106:Lakes; D010578:Petroleum; D014873:Water Pollutants
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D014873:Water Pollutants; C006647:asphalt
keywords: Fatigue cracking; Rutting resistance; Trinidad Lake Asphalt; Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen; Used frying oil