title: The role of life context and self-defined well-being in the outcomes that matter to people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
abstract: Conduct a deep exploration of the outcomes that matter to people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and understand from their perspective how these outcomes can be achieved.
  
  
  
  In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Interviews were analysed using thematic frameworks, and a realist informed theories of change approach.
  
  
  
  Our study revealed the potential causal relationships between the context of a person's life, short-term goals and long-term outcomes. We provide a nuanced and detailed exploration of outcomes that matter for people with schizophrenia in relation to self-defined well-being. Achieving life milestones, feeling safe and outcomes related to improved physical health along with employment, a positive sense of self and psychosocial outcomes, were highly valued. For short- and long-term outcomes to be achieved, individuals required medication with minimal side-effects, cognitive behavioural therapy, family/social support and meaningful activities in their lives. Well-being was influenced by life context and short- and long-term outcomes, but in a circular nature also framed what short-term goals could be achieved.
  
  
  
  Working with people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia to identify and achieve better outcomes will necessitate a person-centred approach. This will require an appreciation of the relationship between the statutory and non-statutory resources that are available and a consideration of an individual's current well-being status. This approach acknowledges personal strengths and encourages ownership of goals and supports self-management.
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth University, Devon, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2916-1874
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003071:Cognition; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Schizophrenia; goals; patient centred outcomes research; qualitative research