title: From inflammation to gastric cancer: Role ofHelicobacter pylori.
abstract: Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of mortality and the risk factors for this include environmental factors and factors that influence host-pathogen interaction and complex interplay between these factors. Gastric adenocarcinomas are of two types, namely intestinal and diffuse type, andHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection has been suspected of being causally linked to the initiation of chronic active gastritis, which leads to adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type. Even though most individuals withH. pyloriinfection do not show any clinical symptoms, long-term infection leads to inflammation of gastric epithelium and approximately 10% of infected patients develop peptic ulcers and 1-3% of patients develop gastric adenocarcinoma. Among the several mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis, CagA and peptidoglycan ofH. pylori, which enter the infected gastric epithelial cells play an important role by triggering oncogenic pathways. Inflammation induced byH. pyloriin gastric epithelium, which involves the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 pathway and IL-1β, is also an important factor that triggers chronic active gastritis and adenocarcinoma.H. pyloriinfection induced oxidative stress and dysregulated E-cadherin/β-catenin/p120 interactions and function also play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Environmental and dietary factors, in particular salt intake, are known to modify the pathogenesis induced byH. pylori. Gastric cancer induced byH. pyloriappears to involve several mechanisms, making this mode of tumorigenesis a highly complicated process. Nevertheless, there are many events in this tumorigenesis that remain to be clarified and investigated.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Information Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Pei-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mourad A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aboul-Soud
keywords: Helicobater pylori; gastric cancer; inflammation