title: Role of Native Language in Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) of Youth Athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to examine the role of native language in the performance of youth athletes on a computerized neuropsychological test battery, the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study compared the baseline test scores of 5545 participants whose native language was English versus 195 whose native language was not English. The mean age of the participants was 15.06 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no differences in the five ImPACT Composite scores of the two language groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to prior research, one cannot simply expect that non-native English speakers will do more poorly on ImPACT than native English speakers. Further research on the use of ImPACT with other non-native English-speaking youth athletes is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Straub Clinic and Hospital, Psychiatry and Psychology, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Pacific University, Psychology, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Pacific University, Psychology, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Ross O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii System, Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: ImPACT; Native language; Youth athletes