title: Pancreas transplantation.
abstract: The treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) presents many challenges to care providers and represents a major proportion of healthcare expenditure worldwide. Successful pancreas transplantation provides durable glycemic control and improves survival for patients with diabetes. Progress in the field has mainly been based on large single center studies and the cumulative analyses of registry data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the International Pancreas Transplant Registry. This review focuses on the outcomes of pancreas transplantation for patients with and without end stage renal disease. It describes the current state of pancreas transplantation, gaps in knowledge, and future studies needed to enable more patients to benefit from this treatment. A common theme that emerges is the need for multicenter randomized trials in pancreas transplantation to define clearly the efficacy, risks, and long term benefits.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA dean.patrick2@mayo.edu.|William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation.
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic and Foundation.|William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kukla
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA.|William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stegall
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic and Foundation.|William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation.
authors.forename: Yogish C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kudva
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome