title: Simulation of a Novel Schedule for Intensivist Staffing to Improve Continuity of Patient Care and Reduce Physician Burnout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite widespread adoption of in-house call for ICU attendings, there is a paucity of research on optimal scheduling of intensivists to provide continuous on-site coverage. Overnight call duties have traditionally been added onto 7 days of continuous daytime clinical service. We designed an alternative ICU staffing model to increase continuity of attending physician care for patients while also decreasing interruptions to attendings' nonclinical weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-based simulation of a 1-year schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simulated ICU divided into two daytime teams each covered by a different attending and both covered by one overnight on-call attending.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulated patients were randomly admitted on different service days to assess continuity of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A "shared service schedule" was compared to a standard "7 days on schedule." For the 7 days on schedule, an attending covered a team for 7 consecutive days and off-service attendings cross-covered each night. For the shared schedule, four attendings shared the majority of daytime and nighttime service for two teams over 2 weeks, with recovery periods built into the scheduled service time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continuity of care as measured by the Continuity of Attending Physician Index increased by 9% with the shared schedule. Annually, the shared service schedule was predicted to increase free weekends by 3.4 full weekends and 1.3 weekends with either Saturday or Sunday off. Full weeks without clinical obligations increased by 4 weeks. Mean time between clinical obligations increased by 5.8 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A shared service schedule is predicted to improve continuity of care while increasing free weekends and continuity of uninterrupted nonclinical weeks for attendings. Computer-based simulation allows assessment of benefits and tradeoffs of the alternative schedule without disturbing existing clinical systems.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.2Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.3Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.4Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.5Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.6Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geva
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Landrigan
authors.forename: Meredith G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: Adrienne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Randolph
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011897:Random Allocation