title: Is There any Time Dependant Echocardiographical Finding in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac disease is the main cause of death in hemodialysis patients. In hemodialysis patients cardiovascular complications are great clinical challenge, and function, shape and left ventricle abnormalities are present in 70 - 80 percent of dialysis patients. Changes in heart function occur in hemodialysis period and are effective in patient's prognosis. In this study we aim to evaluate time dependant clinical and echocardiographical findings in chronic hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 100 adult hemodialysis patients (51% male and 49% female with mean age 52.13 ± 12.69 years) visiting dialysis unit in Imam Reza and Madani hospitals between years 2010 and 2011 were studied in group 1 (hemodialysis ≤ 6 months), group 2 (hemodialysis for 6 months to 3 years) and group 3 (hemodialysis ≥ 3 years). Demographic, laboratory and echocardiographic findings were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among demographic findings, group 3 had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure and weight gain and was older than other two groups (P < 0.05). By increase in hemodialysis period, patients had higher blood urea nitrogen and lower serum albumin levels (P < 0.05). Potassium level in group 2 was significantly higher than group 3 and that was higher than group 1. There was no difference between groups in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left atrium dilatation, ejection fraction and mitral insufficiency. Diastolic dysfunction increased in line with increase in hemodialysis period (P = 0.007). Hemodialysis period was higher in patients with LVH than those without (34.80 ± 9.2 months versus 18.51 ± 2.22 months, P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hemodialysis patients, diastolic dysfunction increases by the hemodialysis time (years). LVH and LA dilation also increase during time, but not significantly.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbasnezhad
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nephrology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tayyebi-Khosroshahi
authors.affiliation: Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanbarpour
authors.affiliation: Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Habibzadeh
keywords: Echocardiography; Hemodialysis; Left ventricle hypertrophy