title: Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is associated with increased risk of death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE and TAPSE, respectively) are measures of longitudinal systolic function and are reduced in human patients with HCM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cats with HCM have lower MAPSE and TAPSE compared to control cats; lower MAPSE and TAPSE are associated with the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced survival time.
  
  
  METHODS
  64 cats with HCM and 27 healthy cats. Forty-five cats with HCM were not showing clinical signs, and 19 had CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study. Anatomic M-mode from the left apical 4-chamber view was used to record MAPSE from the free wall (MAPSE FW) and septum (MAPSE IVS) and TAPSE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, cats with HCM had lower MAPSE IVS (controls 5.2 [4.6-5.6] mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 [4.1-5.2] mm, HCM with CHF 2.6 [2.5-3.2] mm, P < .001), MAPSE FW (controls 5.9 [5.3-6.2] mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 [4.1-5.1] mm, HCM with CHF 2.8 [2.4-3.2] mm) and TAPSE (controls 8.6 [7.4-10.2] mm, asymptomatic HCM 7.2 [6.3-8.2] mm, HCM with CHF 4.6 [4.1-5.4] mm), with the lowest in the CHF group. Univariate survival analysis showed a shorter survival in cats displaying lower MAPSE IVS, MAPSE FW, and TAPSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAPSE and TAPSE were lower in cats with HCM than in control cats and were lowest in CHF, suggesting that systolic longitudinal dysfunction is present in cats with HCM. MAPSE and TAPSE have potential prognostic significance.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spalla
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.|Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Whitchurch, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.|Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Whitchurch, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borgeat
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: V Luis
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Echocardiography; Feline; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy