title: Recent Advance of Biological Molecular Imaging Based on Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion-Luminescent Nanomaterials.
abstract: Lanthanide-doped upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can be excited by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to emit multiplex light, have been proven to be very useful forin vitroandin vivomolecular imaging studies. In comparison with the conventionally used down-conversion fluorescence imaging strategies, the NIR light excited luminescence of UCNPs displays high photostability, low cytotoxicity, little background auto-fluorescence, which allows for deep tissue penetration, making them attractive as contrast agents for biomedical imaging applications. In this review, we will mainly focus on the latest development of a new type of lanthanide-doped UCNP material and its main applications forin vitroandin vivomolecular imaging and we will also discuss the challenges and future perspectives.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore. yzmin@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Yuanzeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore. lijinming@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore. liuf0019@e.ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore. ppadmanabhan@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Parasuraman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore. edwinyeow@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Edwin K L
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Yeow
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore. bengang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Bengang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
keywords: luminescent nanomaterials; molecular imaging; upconversion nanoparticles