title: Molecular epidemiology of a Malassezia pachydermatis neonatal unit outbreak.
abstract: The non-lipid-dependent yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is predominantly zoophilic but occasionally colonizes the human skin. This yeast caused an outbreak in a neonatal iIntensive care unit (NICU). This study aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology of this M. pachydermatis outbreak. All the M. pachydermatis isolates collected at a French University Hospital from January 2012 to April 2013 were included in the study. M. pachydermatis isolates, sampled from various biological samples sites in 25 patients, were identified via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and typed using intergenic-spacer 1 (IGS1) nucleotide sequence polymorphisms analysis. By analyzing 90 IGS1 sequences (including 43 deposited in GenBank), we found that of the 186 M. pachydermatis isolates, 47 were viable for typing and all of them clustered within type 3; 78.7% clustered within the 3D subtype; the remaining clustered within three newly described subtypes: 3E (4.3%), 3F (8.5%) and 3 G (8.5%). No particular subtype was associated with a collection site or a particular time period. This first molecular investigation of a M. pachydermatis outbreak in neonates showed that multiple genotypes can colonize the same neonate patient by. The source of this polyclonal outbreak could not be identified. It stopped after infection control measures, including the prohibition of a lipid-rich moisturizing hand cream used by the health care staff, had been implemented.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire parasitaire et fongique, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax. Rue Magida Boulila, 3029 Sfax - Tunisie.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilahi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire parasitaire et fongique, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax. Rue Magida Boulila, 3029 Sfax - Tunisie.
authors.forename: Inès
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hadrich
authors.affiliation: Soins Intensifs de Néonatologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens - France.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goudjil
authors.affiliation: Soins Intensifs de Néonatologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens - France.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kongolo
authors.affiliation: Soins Intensifs de Néonatologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens - France.
authors.forename: Christèle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chazal
authors.affiliation: Soins Intensifs de Néonatologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens - France.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Léké
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire parasitaire et fongique, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax. Rue Magida Boulila, 3029 Sfax - Tunisie.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayadi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Mycologie Médicale, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens - France.
authors.forename: Taieb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chouaki
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Univ, IP-TPT, Marseille, France.|APHM, CHU Timone, Parasitology and Mycology, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008290:Malassezia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: IGS1; Malassezia pachydermatis; neonates; outbreak; typing