title: Clinical features and treatment of patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of six patients with V. vulnificus infections retrospectively and to determine the effect of treatment with tigecycline (TGC) alone compared with doxycycline plus ceftazidime (DOX/CAZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients were reviewed. The species-specific and pathogenic gene markers were detected by PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. Furthermore, the effects of TGC and of DOX/CAZ were determined using time-kill assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MLST revealed six different sequence types and five of them were novel. The complete clinical pattern (vcg type C, CPS operon allele 1, 16S-rRNA type B) was found in one strain and the others had a mixed pattern. The lesion was mainly located at the distal end of the extremities and the most common clinical symptoms were fever, pain, erythema, and local swelling. The in vitro time-kill assay indicated that TGC monotherapy at a concentration of 0.1mg/l had a rapid bactericidal effect against the six tested V. vulnificus strains at 24h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGC alone might be a better potential therapeutic option than the traditional combination of DOX/CAZ against V. vulnificus.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: xiao-yonghong@163.com.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Ceftazidime; Doxycycline; Tigecycline; Vibrio vulnificus