title: Inhibitory effect of cellulose fibers on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in grilled beef patties.
abstract: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can be used as fat replacers; both are nondigestible fibers. As water-holding compounds, the impact of added CMC or MCC was studied concerning the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAAs). Low-fat patties with 0.5-3% MCC/CMC were prepared using 90% of beef and 10% of an aqueous fiber dispersion and were determined for HAA-levels after grilling. The HAAs in patties containing CMC(MCC) were found in the following concentrations; MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) 0.6-2.7 (0.9-3.3)ng/g, 4,8-DiMeIQx (2-Amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) n.d.-1.5 (n.d.-2.2)ng/g and PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) 0.03-0.3 (0.06-0.2)ng/g. The patties clearly contained lower HAA-levels with increasing addition of CMC or MCC. A continuous increase of the concentrations of comutagenic harman was observed (CMC: 1.2-13.2; MCC: 5.2-11.4ng/g) for increasing levels of fibers and a slight decrease of the content of norharman for MCC (0.5-1.6ng/g). No clear tendency was found for norharman using CMC (0.3-1.1ng/g).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: gibis@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibis
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: 4,8-DiMeIQx (PubChem CID: 95896-78-9); Carboxy methylcellulose (PubChem CID: 6328154); Carboxymethyl cellulose; Fibers; Harman (PubChem CID: 486-84-0); Heterocyclic aromatic amines; MeIQx; MeIQx (PubChem CID: 62275); Microcrystalline cellulose; Microcrystalline cellulose (PubChem CID: 14055602); Norharman (PubChem CID: 244-63-3); PhIP; PhIP (PubChem CID: 105650-23-5); β-Carbolines