title: Association between specific periodontal pathogens, Toll-like receptor-4, and nuclear factor-κB expression in placental tissues of pre-eclamptic women with periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the presence of specific periodontal pathogens, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in the placental tissues of pre-eclamptic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal periodontal screening was performed in 25 normotensive pregnant women and 25 pre-eclamptic women. Subgingival plaque and placental tissue samples were collected from both groups and screened for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The placental samples were also analyzed to quantify TLR-4 and NF-κB expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subgingival plaque samples of pre-eclamptic women showed significantly higher frequencies of P. intermedia. In the placental samples, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB were found to be at significantly higher levels compared to normotensive pregnant women. Using linear regression analysis, the expression of TLR-4 was significantly influenced by the presence of P. gingivalis (coefficient=3.176, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 367-5.986) and P. intermedia (coefficient=2.886, 95% CI: 0.77-5.696), whereas NF-κB expression was influenced only by the presence of P. intermedia (coefficient=2.220, 95% CI: 0.051-4.388) in the placental tissues of pre-eclamptic women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An association exists between P. gingivalis and P. intermedia with increased TLR-4 and NF-κB expression in the placenta of pre-eclamptic women with periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Prathahini S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Parthiban
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahendra
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Logaranjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Sambandham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Anandan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ambalavanan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Namasivayam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000070436:Tannerella forsythia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Toll-like receptor; nuclear factor-κB; periodontitis; placenta; pre-eclampsia