title: Study of Alginate-Supported Ionic Liquid and Pd Catalysts.
abstract: New catalytic materials, based on palladium immobilized in ionic liquid supported on alginate, were elaborated. Alginate was associated with gelatin for the immobilization of ionic liquids (ILs) and the binding of palladium. These catalytic materials were designed in the form of highly porous monoliths (HPMs), in order to be used in a column reactor. The catalytic materials were tested for the hydrogenation of 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) in the presence of formic acid as hydrogen donor. The different parameters for the elaboration of the catalytic materials were studied and their impact analyzed in terms of microstructures, palladium sorption properties and catalytic performances. The characteristics of the biopolymer (proportion of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G) in the biopolymer defined by the M/G ratio), the concentration of the porogen agent, and the type of coagulating agent significantly influenced catalytic performances. The freezing temperature had a significant impact on structural properties, but hardly affected the catalytic rate. Cellulose fibers were incorporated as mechanical strengthener into the catalytic materials, and allowed to enhance mechanical properties and catalytic efficiency but required increasing the amount of hydrogen donor for catalysis.
authors.affiliation: Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Equipe Interfaces Fonctionnalisées pour l'Environnement et la Sécurité, 6, Avenue de Clavières, F-30319 ALES Cedex, France. claire.jouannin@ensicaen.fr.|Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. claire.jouannin@ensicaen.fr.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jouannin
authors.affiliation: Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Equipe Interfaces Fonctionnalisées pour l'Environnement et la Sécurité, 6, Avenue de Clavières, F-30319 ALES Cedex, France. chloe_vincent@live.fr.
authors.forename: Chloë
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. isabelle.dez@ensicaen.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dez
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. annie-claude.gaumont@ensicaen.fr.
authors.forename: Annie-Claude
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gaumont
authors.affiliation: Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Equipe Interfaces Fonctionnalisées pour l'Environnement et la Sécurité, 6, Avenue de Clavières, F-30319 ALES Cedex, France. thierry.vincent@mines-ales.fr.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Equipe Interfaces Fonctionnalisées pour l'Environnement et la Sécurité, 6, Avenue de Clavières, F-30319 ALES Cedex, France. eric.guibal@mines-ales.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guibal
keywords: 4-nitroaniline; alginate; catalytic hydrogenation; highly porous monolith; ionic liquid; palladium