title: Molecular and biopharmaceutical investigation of alginate-inulin synbiotic coencapsulation of probiotic to target the colon.
abstract: Colon targeting, as a site-specific delivery for oral formulation, remains a major challenge, especially for sensitive bioactive components such as therapeutic forms of phages, live attenuated virus and prebiotics-probiotics association. Synbiotics could be used to protect encapsulated probiotics during the gastrointestinal tract and control their release in the colon. To achieve these goals, effective prebiotics, such as inulin, could be combined with alginate - the most exploited polymer used for probiotic encapsulation - in the form of beads. This work aimed to study the biopharmaceutical behaviour of alginate beads (A) and inulin-alginate beads of different inulin concentrations (5 or 20%) in 2% alginate (AI5, AI20). Beads were loaded with three probiotic strains (Pediococcus acidilactici Ul5, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus salivarius). Dissolution of beads was studied by USP4 under conditions simulating the gastrointestinal condition. The survival rates of the bacterial strains were measured by a specific qPCR bacterial count. Mucoadhesiveness of beads was studied by an ex vivo method using intestinal mucosa. To understand the behaviour of each formulation, the ultrastructure of the polymeric network was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular interactions between alginate and inulin were studied by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). Dissolution results suggested that the presence of inulin in beads provided more protection for the tested bacterial strains against the acidic pH. AI5 was the most effective formulation to deliver probiotics to the colon simulation conditions. FTIR and SEM investigations explained the differences in behaviour of each formula. The developed symbiotic form provided a promising matrix for the development of colonic controlled release systems.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.|b Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval , Québec , Canada.|e Biena Probiotics and Lactic Cultures, Saint-Hyacinthe , Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: Abdelbasset
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atia
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.|b Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval , Québec , Canada.|c Food Science and Nutrition Department , National Research Center , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Gomma
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.|b Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval , Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fliss
authors.affiliation: d Equipe d'Accueil Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament (EA CIDAM) , Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie , Clermont-Ferrand , France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beyssac
authors.affiliation: d Equipe d'Accueil Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament (EA CIDAM) , Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie , Clermont-Ferrand , France.
authors.forename: Ghislain
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garrait
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.|b Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval , Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subirade
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003106:Colon; D004304:Dosage Forms; D007444:Inulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019936:Probiotics; D058616:Synbiotics
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004304:Dosage Forms; D007444:Inulin
keywords: Colonic delivery; USP apparatus 4; ex vivo mucoadhesiveness; inulin–alginate beads