title: Is it really useful the Harmonic scalpel in axillary dissection for locally advanced breast cancer? A case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The seroma is one of the most common complications in the axillary lymph nodal dissection (different surgical approaches have been tried to reduce the seroma incidence). In our study we evaluate the outcome of patients using or not the ultrasonic scalpel (Harmonic scalpel) according to a standardized surgical technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2011 to December 2015 120 patients underwent axillary dissection for breast cancer. Patients were divided in two groups: patients belonging to the first group underwent Harmonic scalpel dissection and patients belonging to the second group underwent classical dissection. Each group consisted of 60 patients. Quadrantectomy (QUAD) was performed in 54 patients, 66 women underwent mastectomy. In all patients axillary dissection included the I, II and III level. We compared two groups in terms of: time of surgery, hematoma, drainage volume, days of sealing drainage, seroma formation, number of post-seroma aspirations, upper limb lymphedema, wound infections, post-operative pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant results were obtained in terms of the total volume of the breast and axillary drainage in the two techniques. There were no significant differences in the two samples in terms of operative time incidence of seroma, post-operative hematoma, wound infection, and lymphedema of the upper limb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small number of cases did not allow us to reach definitive conclusions. The use of Harmonic scalpel seems to show smaller incidence of seroma and reduction of the amount of both breast and axillary drainages. Further studies are needed to define the real advantage in terms of cost benefit of using these devices in the axillary surgery.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Militello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabhuli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mascolino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Licari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tutino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cocorullo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gulotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged