title: Barbatic Acid Offers a New Possibility for Control of Biomphalaria Glabrata and Schistosomiasis.
abstract: This study evaluated the biological activity of an ether extract and barbatic acid (BAR) fromCladia aggregataon embryos and adult mollusks ofBiomphalaria glabrata, cercariae ofSchistosoma mansoniand the microcrustaceanArtemia salina. The ether extract and BAR were obtained by successive extractions with diethyl ether. The obtained extracts were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the ether extract exerted embryotoxic effects at 50 and 100 µg/mL and molluscicidal effects at 20 and 25 µg/mL. BAR exhibited no embryotoxicity, and its molluscicidal concentration was equal to that of the ether extract. However, after 60 min of exposure, 1 µg/mL BAR presented cercaricidal activity against the parasiteS. mansoniat the second larval stage. Neither substance induced toxicity againstA. salina. These results indicate the potential molluscicidal activities of the ether extract and BAR againstB. glabrataandS. mansonicercariae. In addition to these effects, there was a lack of toxicity against the aquatic environment and no damage to the biota, indicating the potential of these products for large-scale control and/or eradication of schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. monicabarmartins@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mônica Cristina Barroso
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. nickcosta.91@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Monique Costa
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. hiannaamfs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. luannaribeiro_lua@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Luanna Ribeiro Santos
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. jcmonica@globo.com.
authors.forename: Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. andrelima26@gmail.com.
authors.forename: André Lima
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Aires
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese e Isolamento Molecular, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 50670-901, Brazil. emerson_falco@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Emerson Peter da Silva
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Geográficas, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. verticillaris@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eugênia C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. amdemelo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Maria Mendonça Albuquerque
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. nhsilva@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Nicácio Henrique
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000187:drug effects*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D004986:Ether; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C509225:barbatic acid; D004986:Ether
keywords: Cladia aggregata; embryotoxicity; environmental toxicity; lichen substances; molluscicidal activity; mollusks