title: Chyluria: the state of the art.
abstract: Chyluria is the passage of chyle in the urine. The cause seems to be the rupture of retroperitoneal lymphatics into the pyelocaliceal system, giving urine a milky appearance. This communication is caused by the obstruction of lymphatic drainage proximal to intestinal lacteals, resulting in dilatation of distal lymphatics and the eventual rupture of lymphatic vessels into the urinary collecting system.This condition, if left untreated, leads to significant morbidity because of hematochyluria, recurrent renal colic, nutritional problems due to protein losses and immunosuppression resulting from lymphocyturia.In this review, we summarize the state of the art of this condition and the newest treatments available.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, ULSS 6 "Euganea", Camposampiero Hospital, Camposampiero, Padua - Italy.|Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua - Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guttilla
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua - Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua - Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bettin
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Brixen Hospital, Brixen - Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galantini
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua - Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Moro
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine - Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ficarra
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua - Italy.
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zattoni
mesh_terms: D002913:Chyle; D006801:Humans; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D014556:Urine