title: Effects of humanin on experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) partly accounts for the development of colonic inflammation and eventually results in ulcerative colitis (UC). Humanin, an endogenous anti-apoptotic peptide, has previously been shown to protect against Alzheimer's disease and a variety of cellular insults. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glysin variant of humanin (HNG) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1 (n = 8): control; isotonic saline solution 0.1 ml/rat rectally, Group 2 (n = 8): TNBS colitis; 0.1 ml of a 2.5% (w/v) TNBS solution in 50% ethanol rectally, Group 3 (n = 8): 10 μM HNG, and Group 4 (n = 8): 20 μM HNG intraperitoneal (ip) on day 2 and 6 after rectal TNBS administration. Rats were sacrificed 7 days after the induction of colitis. Blood and tissue samples were harvested for biochemical and histopathological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HNG treatment significantly ameliorated weight loss and macroscopic and microscopic scores. TNBS-induced colitis significantly increased the colonic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and caspase-3 activities in group II in comparison to the group I. HNG treatment was associated with an inhibition of mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and a decrease in caspase-3 activities in colon tissues in group III and IV when compared to group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that HNG treatment may exert beneficial effects in UC by decreasing inflammatory reactions and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gultekin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevim K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barut
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Can Goverment Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tali
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Nevsehir Goverment Hospital, Nevsehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sumer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mugla School of Health Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ummuhani O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Turkcu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C427211:humanin; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3