title: Immersing lungs in hydrogen-rich saline attenuates lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Anti-oxidant effects of hydrogen have been reported in studies examining ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of immersing lungs in hydrogen-rich saline on lung IRI.
  
  
  
  Lewis rats were divided into three groups: (i) sham, (ii) normal saline and (iii) hydrogen-rich saline. In the first experiment, the left thoracic cavity was filled with either normal saline or hydrogen-rich saline for 1 h. Then, we measured the hydrogen concentration in the left lung using a sensor gas chromatograph ( N = 3 per group). In the second experiment, lung IRI was induced by occlusion of the left pulmonary hilum for 1 h, followed by reperfusion for 3 h. During the ischaemic period, the left thoracic cavity was filled with either normal saline or hydrogen-rich saline. After reperfusion, we assessed lung function, histological changes and cytokine production ( N = 5-7 per group).
  
  
  
  Immersing lungs in hydrogen-rich saline resulted in an elevated hydrogen concentration in the lung (6.9 ± 2.9 μmol/1 g lung). After IRI, pulmonary function (pulmonary compliance and oxygenation levels) was significantly higher in the hydrogen-rich saline group than in the normal saline group ( P  < 0.05). Similarly, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin-1β and interleukin-6) in the left lung were significantly lower in the hydrogen-rich saline group than in the normal saline group ( P  < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Immersing lungs in hydrogen-rich saline delivered hydrogen into the lung and consequently attenuated lung IRI. Hydrogen-rich solution appears to be a promising approach to managing lung IRI.
authors.affiliation: Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyofumi F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chen-Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace Psychology, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Disaster management and EMS, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo,Higashi-gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hijiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Date
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D009926:Organ Preservation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: Hydrogen-rich solution; Lung ischaemia–reperfusion injury; Lung preservation