title: Protective properties of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats.
abstract: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural applications and household environments. 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, 6-GRF) has been reported to possess potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we investigated the protective properties of 6-GRF on CPF-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats. Five groups of rats containing 14 rats/group received corn oil (control), CPF (5 mg/kg), 6-GRF (100 mg/kg), CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (50 mg/kg) and CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (100 mg/kg) through gavage once per day for 35 days respectively. The results showed that 6-GRF protected against CPF-induced increases in oxidative stress ((hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammatory (myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. Also, 6-GRF improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats exposed to CPF (p < 0.05). Overall, the protective effects of 6-GRF on CPF-induced toxicity in the brain and reproductive organs of rats may be due to its potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Electronic address: amos_abolaji@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amos O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Abolaji
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mercy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Tosin T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Afolabi
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Arowoogun
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Darlinton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nwawolor
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Electronic address: olatunde_farombi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ebenezer O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
mesh_terms: D000072198:ADAM17 Protein / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002396:Catechols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007845:gingerol; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Female reprotoxicity; Inflammation; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative damage; Zingiber officinale