title: Exposure to cold impairs interferon-induced antiviral defense.
abstract: It is commonly believed that exposure to low temperature increases susceptibility to viral infection in the human respiratory tract, but a molecular mechanism supporting this belief has yet to be discovered. In this study, we investigated the effect of low temperature on viral infection and innate defense in cell lines from the human respiratory tract and found that interferon-induced antiviral responses were impaired at low temperatures. Cells maintained at 25°C and 33°C expressed lower levels of myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) and 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) mRNAs when compared to cells maintained at 37°C after infection by seasonal influenza viruses. Exogenous β-interferon treatment reduced the viral replication at 37°C, but not at 25°C. Our results suggest that the impairment of interferon-induced antiviral responses by low temperature is one of several mechanisms that could explain an increase in host susceptibility to respiratory viruses after exposure to cold temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chompunuch
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boonarkart
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ornpreya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suptawiwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kittima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.|Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pilaipan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puthavathana
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. prasert.aue@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auewarakul
mesh_terms: D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C579071:MX1 protein, human; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta; C475085:OAS1 protein, human; D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase