title: Urine TREM-1 as a marker of urinary tract infection in children.
abstract: Objective Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a receptor that is thought to improve recognition of patients with true infection. In this study, we investigated whether Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) is present in urine samples from children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and in samples from healthy children. Methods A total of 128 samples met the inclusion criteria for the study. Urine samples were processed for culture and urinalysis as a regular protocol for patients with UTI. Samples were classified according to culture and urinalysis results. TREM-1 protein expression was detected with flow cytometry and sTREM-1 was assessed by ELISA. Results Flow cytometry showed detectable expression of TREM-1 in 100% of samples, UTI and non-UTI groups ( p < 0.001). Mean fluorescence intensity of TREM-1 was different between the groups ( p < 0.001). Levels of sTREM-1 were detected in patients with UTI, but not in non-UTI patients. Conclusions All of our patients (healthy and diseased) showed TREM-1 expression. However, TREM-1 levels in patients with UTI tend to be higher and are associated with increased neutrophils and cytokine activity induced by bacteria.
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Urología, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sierra-Diaz
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bravo Cuéllar
authors.affiliation: 3 Departamento de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pablo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ortiz Lazareno
authors.affiliation: 4 Departamento de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Angeles del Carmen, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: 5 Departamento de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hernandez Flores
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Georgina
authors.affiliation: 6 Departamento de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anaya Prado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
keywords: ELISA; Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1; children; flow cytometry; mean fluorescence intensity; neutrophils; urinary tract infection