title: Wire Roughness Assessment of 0.016'' × 0.022'' the Technique Lingual Orthodontics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the difference in surface roughness of stainless steel archwires of different commercial brands used in lingual orthodontics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Precontoured arches measuring 0.016'' × 0.022'' were selected of the following brands: Tecnident, Adenta, G&H, Highland Metals Inc., Ormco, Incognito, and Ebraces. Quantitative evaluation of the surface roughness of archwires was performed by means of an atomic force microscope in contact mode. Three surface readouts were taken of each sample, analyzing areas of 20 × 20 μm. Each scan of the samples produced a readout of 512 lines, generating three-dimensional images of the wires. The analysis of variance statistical test was applied to prove significant variables (p > 0.05), with H0being rejected and H1accepted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Incognito brand showed the lowest surface roughness. The archwires of brands Adenta, Tecnident, Highland, and Ormco showed similar values among them, and all close to these obtained by the Incognito brand. The archwires of the Ebraces brand showed the highest surface roughness, with values being close to those of the G&H Brand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a statistical difference in surface roughness of orthodontic archwires among the brands studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Companies should pay attention to the quality control of their materials, as these may directly affect the quality of orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima Mm
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Facchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario Vedovello
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo Brazil, Phone: +551935431423, e-mail: silviavedovello@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Silvia As
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vedovello
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Instituto Vellini, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cotrim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Instituto Vellini, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrຟa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cotrim-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Instituto Vellini, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Am
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tubel
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel
keywords: Orthodontic wires; Orthodontics Surface roughness.