title: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ORAL KETAMINE PREMEDICATION IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING DAY CASE SURGERY.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral premedication for paediatric age group is an uncommon practice amongst anaesthetists in Nigeria. Both parents and the child suffer some form of emotional or psychological distress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of oral formulated ketamine for premedication in children scheduled for ambulatory surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy three children aged 1 - 6 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II were prospectively studied. They were assigned randomly to receive either 5 mg/kg (Group A), 10 mg/kg (Group B), or no ketamine (Group C).The children were observed for acceptance of premedication, sedation and anxiolysis at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after drug administration. Behavior/response of each child at the time of separation from parents, intravenous access, and acceptance of facemask for induction, postanaesthetic arousal state and complications were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 73 children in this study with a mean age of 37.4±18.0 months. The groups were comparable in age. The studied agent was tolerated by both groups that received premedication with no significant difference (P 0.73). Adequate sedation and anxiolysis were observed in groups A and B, (52%, 84%) and (68%, 88%) respectively. However, more children in group B (82.6%) had satisfactory behaviour at separation from parents and a better acceptance of anaesthetic face mask (64%) at induction than those in groups A and C (33.3%, 21.7%, respectively). No side effect was recorded in either of the premedication groups or the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral ketamine is acceptable and safe premedication for children. It provided good sedation, relieved anxiety and had no side effect in the children at the studied doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oyedepo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Abdur-Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kolawole
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Bolaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ige
keywords: Children; Day Case Surgery; Oral Ketamine; Premedication; Safe and efficacious