title: Clinical Benefits of n-3 PUFA and ɤ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
abstract: (1) Background: Marinen-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ɤ-linolenic acid (GLA) are well-known anti-inflammatory agents that may help in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Their effects were examined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; (2) Methods: Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were involved in a prospective, randomized trial of a 12 week supplementation with fish oil (group I), fish oil with primrose evening oil (group II), or with no supplementation (group III). Clinical and laboratory evaluations were done at the beginning and at the end of the study; (3) Results: The Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS 28 score), number of tender joints and visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased notably after supplementation in groups I and II (p< 0.001). In plasma phospholipids then-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio declined from 15.47 ± 5.51 to 10.62 ± 5.07 (p= 0.005), and from 18.15 ± 5.04 to 13.50 ± 4.81 (p= 0.005) in groups I and II respectively. The combination ofn-3 PUFA and GLA (group II) increased ɤ-linolenic acid (0.00 ± 0.00 to 0.13 ± 0.11,p< 0.001), which was undetectable in all groups before the treatments; (4) Conclusion: Daily supplementation withn-3 fatty acids alone or in combination with GLA exerted significant clinical benefits and certain changes in disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. veselinovic.m@sbb.rs.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veselinovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. dvg_gana@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vasiljevic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Beograd 11000, Serbia. vesna.vucic.imr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vucic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Beograd 11000, Serbia. vesna.vucic.imr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arsic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Beograd 11000, Serbia. snjezana570.imr12@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Snjezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. sanlusa@ptt.rs.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomic-Lucic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. maja.jovanovic.2008.38@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, Department of Natural Sciences and medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. zivanovicsandra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zivanovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. vladisavastojic@medf.kg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Vladislava
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stojic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Physiology, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia. drvladakgbg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D031665:Oenothera biennis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005395:Fish Oils; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; C028498:evening primrose oil; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: n-3 PUFA; rheumatoid arthritis; ɤ-linolenic acid