title: Visualization of Photoreceptors in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy: A Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) allows en face visualization of specific layers of the retina. This pilot study evaluated the ability of AOSLO to visualize photoreceptor integrity in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 consecutive patients with HLA-A29+ BCR were imaged using the prototype Apaeros retinal imaging system. Images of high quality were aligned with infrared reflectance photos and correlated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Images of four eyes of three patients were of sufficient quality to allow posterior pole montage and point-to-point correlation with SD-OCT. Areas of photoreceptor disruption on SD-OCT were seen as patchy areas of loss on AOSLO, whereas areas of intact interdigitation zone and inner segment/outer segment junction correlated with normal appearing photoreceptors on AOSLO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using AOSLO, we found one instance of subclinical photoreceptor disruption not seen on SD-OCT. Ultimately, there are unique challenges associated with imaging BCR patients using AOSLO.
authors.affiliation: a Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Nesper
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Anjum F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Koreishi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Amani A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-3558
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fawzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000080365:Birdshot Chorioretinopathy; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; C035524:HLA-A29 antigen
keywords: Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope; OCT; birdshot chorioretinopathy; photoreceptors