title: Emerging Biofabrication Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissue Constructs.
abstract: The demand for organ transplantation and repair, coupled with a shortage of available donors, poses an urgent clinical need for the development of innovative treatment strategies for long-term repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Bioengineering organs, by growing patient-derived cells in biomaterial scaffolds in the presence of pertinent physicochemical signals, provides a promising solution to meet this demand. However, recapitulating the structural and cytoarchitectural complexities of native tissues in vitro remains a significant challenge to be addressed. Through tremendous efforts over the past decade, several innovative biofabrication strategies have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review highlights recent work on emerging three-dimensional bioprinting and textile techniques, compares the advantages and shortcomings of these approaches, outlines the use of common biomaterials and advanced hybrid scaffolds, and describes several design considerations including the structural, physical, biological, and economical parameters that are crucial for the fabrication of functional, complex, engineered tissues. Finally, the applications of these biofabrication strategies in neural, skin, connective, and muscle tissue engineering are explored.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: R Daniel
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pedde
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mirani
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navaei
authors.affiliation: Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Styan
authors.affiliation: Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehrali
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Nima Khadem
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mohtaram
authors.affiliation: Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayati
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dolatshahi-Pirouz
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikkhah
authors.affiliation: Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Willerth
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.|Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada.|Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbari
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D062028:Bioprinting; D006801:Humans; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: 3D printing; biofabrication; regenerative medicine; textiles; tissue engineering