title: Mobile Devices and Insomnia: Understanding Risks and Benefits.
abstract: Mobile devices (smartphones and tablet computers) have become widely prevalent due to rapid improvements in function and decreasing costs. As of 2014, 90 % of US adults have a mobile phone, with 58 % having a smartphone, 32 % owning some type of e-reader, and 42 % of US adults owning a tablet computer. Mobile devices are particularly well-suited for the study of common conditions such as sleep difficulties because of their ubiquity. Around 35 to 49 % of the US adult population have problems falling asleep or have daytime sleepiness. These sleep disorders are often under-recognized because of patient-physician communication difficulties, low rates of medical awareness resulting in underreporting of insomnia symptoms, and limited primary care physician (PCP) training in insomnia recognition. Mobile devices have the potential to bridge some of these gaps, but they can also lead to sleep difficulties when used inappropriately.
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nock
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Nalaka S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gooneratne
keywords: Circadian timing; Insomnia correlates; Insomnia epidemiology; Insomnia recognition; Insomnia treatment; Mobile device determinants; Mobile device therapy; Mobile device use; Relaxation apps; Sleep apps; Sleep diaries; Snore detection