title: Hesperetin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in polyamide: a new textile formulation for topical drug delivery.
abstract: Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by chronic reflux disorder of blood from the peripheral to the central vein, with subsequent venous hypertension and resulting changes in the skin. Traditionally, nonsurgical treatments relied on the use of compression therapy, and more recently a variety of flavonoids have been shown to have positive effects. There have also been developments of more effective drug delivery systems using various textiles and nanotechnology to provide new therapeutic options. Our objective was to use nanotechnology to develop a new formulation containing hesperetin (Hst), a substance not previously used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, impregnated into textile fibers as a possible alternative treatment of venous diseases. We prepared the nanocapsules using the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method with an Hst concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and then characterized the size and distribution of particles. To quantify the Hst in the samples, we developed an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography. Studies of encapsulation efficiency (98.81%±0.28%), microscopy, drug release (free-Hst: 104.96%±12.83%; lipid-core nanocapsule-Hst: 69.90%±1.33%), penetration/permeation, drug content (0.46±0.01 mg/mL) and the effect of washing the textile after drug impregnation were performed as part of the study. The results showed that nanoparticles of a suitable size and distribution with controlled release of the drug and penetration/permeation into the skin layers were achieved. Furthermore, it was established that polyamide was able to hold more of the drug, with a 2.54 times higher content than the cotton fiber; after one wash and after five washes, this relation was 2.80 times higher. In conclusion, this is a promising therapeutic alternative to be further studied in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Dos Passos
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Abrahão
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Dos Santos
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yasmim Maria Barbosa Gomes
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mairim Russo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucindo José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Quintans-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Raffin
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pohlmann
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvia Stanisçuaski
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guterres
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Antunes de Souza
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D053769:Nanocapsules; D009757:Nylons; D006569:Hesperidin; C013015:hesperetin
keywords: fabrics; hesperetin; impregnation; lipid-core nanocapsules; medical textiles; poly(ε-caprolactone); polyamide; polymer