title: From top to bottom: midkine and pleiotrophin as emerging players in immune regulation.
abstract: Cytokines are pivotal in the generation and resolution of the inflammatory response. The midkine/pleiotrophin (MK/PTN) family of cytokines, composed of just two members, was discovered as heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factors. Since their discovery, expression of this cytokine family has been reported in a wide array of inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this minireview, we will discuss the emerging appreciation of the functions of the MK/PTN family in the immune system, which include promoting lymphocyte survival, sculpting myeloid cell phenotype, driving immune cell chemotaxis, and maintaining hematopoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and.
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sorrelle
authors.affiliation: Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and.
authors.forename: Adrian T A
authors.initials: ATA
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.affiliation: Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and rolf.brekken@utsouthwestern.edu.|Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Rolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brekken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D000078792:Midkine
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C066845:pleiotrophin; D000078792:Midkine
keywords: cytokines; hematopoiesis; lymphoid cells; myeloid cells