title: Effect of smoking on resting-state functional connectivity in smokers: An fMRI study.
abstract: Smoking is a leading cause of death in the world. Aberrant brain function has been repeatedly linked to tobacco smoking. However, little is known about insula-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in non-deprived tobacco-dependent smokers. This study characterized the correlation between insula-based rsFC and tobacco dependence severity in non-deprived smokers.
  
  
  
  A total of 37 male smokers and 37 age-matched male non-smokers completed resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scans. The insula-based rsFC differences between smokers and controls were investigated and the correlation between insula-based rsFC and FTND (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) scores were then assessed.
  
  
  
  Compared with controls, smokers showed significantly lower rsFC between orbitofrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, temporal lobe and insula. The rsFC between orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, inferior parietal cortex, occipital lobe and insula was positively correlated with FTND. However, the rsFC between anterior cingulate cortex and insula was negatively correlated with FTND.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest differences in brain functional connectivity between smokers and non-smokers. This study sheds new insights into the neural mechanisms of tobacco dependence.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|Tobacco Medicine and Tobacco Cessation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Kun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|Tobacco Medicine and Tobacco Cessation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Wei-Fang Medical University, Weifang, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, Hainan Branch of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Sanya, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Shu
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D000073869:Tobacco Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: functional magnetic resonance imaging; insula; resting-state functional connectivity; tobacco dependence