title: Intersections of poverty, race/ethnicity, and sex: alcohol consumption and adverse outcomes in the United States.
abstract: We examine whether intersectionality theory-which formalizes the notion that adverse health outcomes owing to having a marginalized social status, identity, or characteristic, may be magnified for individuals with an additional marginalized social status, identity, or characteristic-can be applied using quantitative methods to describe the differential effects of poverty on alcohol consumption across sex and race/ethnicity. Using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, we analyze longitudinal data from Black, Hispanic, and White drinkers (n = 21,140) to assess multiplicative interactions between poverty, as defined by the US Census Bureau, sex, and race/ethnicity, on adverse alcohol outcomes. Findings indicated that the effect of poverty on the past-year incidence of heavy episodic drinking was stronger among Black men and Black women in comparison to men and women of other racial/ethnic groups. Poverty reduction programs that are culturally informed may help reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the adverse outcomes of alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, 1730 Minor Avenue Ste. 1500, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. glass.j@ghc.org.|Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. glass.j@ghc.org.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2923-3698
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rathouz
authors.affiliation: Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gattis
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Young Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, 1730 Minor Avenue Ste. 1500, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D), Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.|Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Alcohol; Health disparities; Intersectionality theory; Race/ethnicity; Social determinants of health