title: Suprapectoral biceps tenodesis using a suture plate: clinical results after 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several techniques for performing a tenodesis of the long head of biceps (LHB) are described. Only few outcome studies are published. This note describes a unicortical fixation via a suture plate-comparable to a distal biceps refixation-performed arthroscopically or mini-open via standard suprapectoral approach. The aim of this study is to show the clinical outcome after 6, 12, and 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 50 (35 male, 15 female) patients at the mean age of 49 years (range 23-75) who underwent tenodesis of the LHB were followed for 2 years. All patients were operated by a single surgeon (CS). The clinical evaluation included Constant score, Scheibel LHB score and VAS. Structural integrity of the tenodesis was checked by ultrasound control. Integrity of the tenodesis was evaluated indirectly by detecting the LHB-tendon up to the ultrasound-reflex of the button. No tendon at the button-reflex was considered as failure of the tenodesis. An independent examiner who was not the operating surgeon performed all evaluations. (MG evaluated the patients operated by CS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 29.5 (range 22-32) months. The mean pre-operative Constant Murley score (CMS) was 67.4 points (range 45-78) and increased to 84.7 points (range 51-99) after 2 years. LHB Score was 90.8 after 24 months. We identified 2 failed biceps fixations (4%). Pain relief was achieved in most patients within the first 12 weeks. After 2 years, the mean biceps flexion strength averaged 84% of the healthy arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tenodesis of the LHB with a unicortical suture plate is a safe fixation technique with good-to-excellent clinical results after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Long-term follow-up is needed.
authors.affiliation: St. Vinzenz Klinik Pfronten, Kirchweg 15, 87459, Pfronten, Germany. christian.schoch@vinzenz-klinik.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schoch
authors.affiliation: St. Vinzenz Klinik Pfronten, Kirchweg 15, 87459, Pfronten, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Zentrum für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012782:Shoulder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013537:Sutures; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: LHB tenodesis; Long head of the biceps; Unicortical button fixation