title: Canine cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle biomechanics associated with extra-articular stabilization predicted using a computer model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate lateral fabellotibial suture (LFTS) and TightRope CCL (TR) extra-articular stabilization biomechanics in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient canine stifle joint during the stance phase of gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer simulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy 33-kg Golden Retriever.
  
  
  METHODS
  LFTS and TR were implemented in a previously developed 3-D quasi-static rigid body CrCL-deficient canine pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase of gait. Ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation were determined and compared across the CrCL-intact, CrCL-deficient, and extra-articular stabilized stifle joints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the CrCL-intact stifle, peak caudal cruciate and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) loads were increased in the LFTS-managed stifle, peak caudal cruciate and LCL loads were decreased in the TR-managed stifle, and peak medial collateral and patellar ligament (PL) loads were similar for both techniques. Compared to the CrCL-deficient stifle, peak caudal cruciate, lateral collateral, and medial collateral ligament loads decreased, and peak PL load was similar in the LFTS- and TR-managed stifle joints. Peak relative tibial translation decreased, and peak relative tibial rotation changed from internal rotation to external rotation in the LFTS- and TR-managed stifle joints compared to the CrCL-deficient stifle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our computer model predicted controlled tibial translation, decreased cruciate and collateral ligament loads, and a change in femorotibial rotation from internal to external with LFTS and TR stifle management as compared to the CrCL-deficient stifle. This study demonstrates how computer modeling can be used to evaluate biomechanics of stifle stabilization surgical techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Nathan P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Gina E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bertocci
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Denis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Marcellin-Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005684:Gait; D008954:Models, Biological; D017847:Patellar Ligament; D012399:Rotation; D013264:Stifle / Q000601:surgery*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*