title: Mean Arterial Pressure to Central Venous Pressure Ratio: A Novel Marker for Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early right ventricular failure (RVF) is common after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and often leads to increased morbidity and mortality. It is difficult to predict early RVF on the basis of clinical and hemodynamic parameters. We investigated the utility of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to central venous pressure (CVP) ratio in predicting early RVF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 212 consecutive patients who underwent hemodynamic assessment before destination-therapy LVAD implantation. Patients were followed for early RVF and mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine discriminative capacity of MAP/CVP and tested the diagnostic and prognostic value of median MAP/CVP threshold. The ROC analysis demonstrated that pre-LVAD MAP/CVP was associated with an area under the ROC curve of 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.58-0.73; P < .001). MAP/CVP threshold <7.5 (simple nearest-to-median value) was associated with 70% sensitivity and 56% specificity for early RV failure. Patients with MAP/CVP <7.5 had a higher incidence of post-LVAD RVF than those with a ratio ≥7.5 (44% vs 23%, respectively; P = .001). Right ventricular assist device requirement was higher in the MAP/CVP <7.5 group (11% vs 2%; P = .01). All-cause mortality was higher in the MAP/CVP <7.5 group (annualized mortality 26% vs 16%; log-rank P = .017). MAP-CVP ratio provided incremental prognostic value for RVF and all-cause mortality beyond established Heartmate II and RVF risk scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that pre-LVAD MAP/CVP <7.5 is associated with early RVF and increased mortality risk. This novel parameter can be used in risk stratification of LVAD candidates. Prospective validation of our findings is needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: burhan_mohamedali@rush.edu.
authors.forename: Burhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mohamedali
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Cardiology, John H. Stroger, Jr, Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doukky
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karavalos
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois.
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bhat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: CVP; LVAD; MAP; MAP/CVP; right ventricular failure