title: Physicochemical Properties of Jatropha Oil-Based Polyol Produced by a Two Steps Method.
abstract: A low cost, abundant, and renewable vegetable oil source has been gaining increasing attention due to its potential to be chemically modified to polyol and thence to become an alternative replacement for the petroleum-based polyol in polyurethane production. In this study, jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) was synthesised from non-edible jatropha oil by a two steps process, namely epoxidation and oxirane ring opening. In the first step, the effect of the reaction temperature, the molar ratio of the oil double bond to formic acid, and the reaction time on the oxirane oxygen content (OOC) of the epoxidised jatropha oil (EJO) were investigated. It was found that 4.3% OOC could be achieved with a molar ratio of 1:0.6, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and 4 h of reaction. Consequently, a series of polyols with hydroxyl numbers in the range of 138-217 mgKOH/g were produced by oxirane ring opening of EJOs, and the physicochemical and rheological properties were studied. Both the EJOs and the JOLs are liquid and have a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 834 to 1457 g/mol and 1349 to 2129 g/mol, respectively. The JOLs exhibited Newtonian behaviour, with a low viscosity of 430-970 mPas. Finally, the JOL with a hydroxyl number of 161 mgKOH/g was further used to synthesise aqueous polyurethane dispersion, and the urethane formation was successfully monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia. s_sariah@ums.edu.my.
authors.forename: Sariah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saalah
authors.affiliation: epartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. chuah@upm.edu.my.|Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. chuah@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Luqman Chuah
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. dradiah@upm.edu.my.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. dradiah@upm.edu.my.|Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. dradiah@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Min Min
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.affiliation: epartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. suhainim@unikl.edu.my.
authors.forename: Dayang Radiah Awang
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Biak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. minmin_aung@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mahiran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basri
authors.affiliation: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. tintahikmah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Emiliana Rose
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Jusoh
authors.affiliation: epartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. mahiran@upm.edu.my.|Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia. mahiran@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Suhaini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mamat
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D011108:Polymers; D011140:Polyurethanes; C024617:polyol
keywords: epoxidation; jatropha oil; oxirane ring opening; polyol; polyurethane