title: Multiresidue determination of estrogens in different dairy products by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this work, a simple and fast methodology has been validated and applied for the analysis of a group of 22 estrogenic compounds including eight phytoestrogens (i.e. daidzein, enterodiol, glycitein, enterolactone, genistein, formononetin, prunetin, biochanin A), six mycotoxins (β-zearalanol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, α-zearalenol, zearalanone, zearalenone) as well as four synthetic (i.e. ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, hexestrol) and four natural estrogens (i.e. estriol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, estrone) in different dairy products. Extraction was carried out using the QuEChERS method while separation, determination and quantification of the target analytes were achieved by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization interface. The methodology was validated for four dairy product samples with relevant interest for the population including skimmed and whole cheese and goat and cow kefir, using 17β-estradiol-2,4,16,16,17-d5as internal standard for natural and synthetic estrogens and β-zeralanol-10,10,11,12,12-d5as internal standard for mycotoxins and phytoestrogens. Recovery ranged from 70 to 119% for the four types of matrices with RSD values lower than 14% and the limits of quantification of the method achieved were in the range 0.025-2.50μg/kg for all samples. Finally, the analysis of commercially available products was carried out finding the presence of daidzein, glycitein enterolactone and genistein in some of the studied samples.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Socas-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 2, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Herrera-Herrera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Borges
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain. Electronic address: mrguez@ull.edu.es.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Delgado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000032:analysis; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D004967:Estrogens; D009183:Mycotoxins; D048789:Phytoestrogens
keywords: Cheese; Estrogens; Kefir; Mass spectrometry; QuEChERS; Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography