title: The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria: A potential source for biotechnological exploitation.
abstract: The exploration of new niches for microorganisms capable of degrading recalcitrant molecules is still required. We hypothesized the gut microbiota associated with insect-resistant lines carry pesticide degrading bacteria, and predicted they carry bacteria selected to degrade pesticides they were resistant to. We isolated and accessed the pesticide-degrading capacity of gut bacteria from the gut of fifth instars of Spodoptera frugiperda strains resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, spinosad and lufenuron, using insecticide-selective media. Sixteen isolates belonging to 10 phylotypes were obtained, from which four were also associated with the susceptible strain. However, growth of gut bacteria associated with larvae from the susceptible strain was not obtained in any of the insecticide-based selective media tested. Growth of isolates was affected by the concentration of insecticides in the media, and all grew well up to 40 μg/ml. The insecticide-degrading capacity of selected isolates was assessed by GC or LC-MS/MS analyses. In conclusion, resistant strains of S. frugiperda are an excellent reservoir of insecticide-degrading bacteria with bioremediation potential. Moreover, gut-associated bacteria are subjected to the selection pressure imposed by insecticides on their hosts and may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luis Gustavo de
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luiz Alberto Beraldo de
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituo de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Trigo
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando Luis
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-0782
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cônsoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001709:Biotechnology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000382:microbiology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C070364:fluphenacur; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C017180:decamethrin; C037304:cyhalothrin; C415329:spinosad