title: The Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Do We Stand?
abstract: Vector-borne diseases (VBD) are of major importance to human and animal health. In recent years, VBD have been emerging or re-emerging in many geographical areas, alarming new disease threats and economic losses. The precise diagnosis of many of these diseases still remains a major challenge because of the lack of comprehensive data available on accurate and reliable diagnostic methods. Here, we conducted a systematic and in-depth review of the former, current, and upcoming techniques employed for the diagnosis of VBD.
authors.affiliation: 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
authors.forename: Josipa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuleš
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Kosice, Slovakia .
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potocnakova
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Kosice, Slovakia .
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhide
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , Grugliasco, Italy .
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tomassone
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria .
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Fuehrer
authors.affiliation: 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horvatić
authors.affiliation: 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
authors.forename: Asier
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.affiliation: 5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Diseases Clinic, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nižić
authors.affiliation: 5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Diseases Clinic, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mrljak
authors.affiliation: 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .|2 Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Kosice, Slovakia .|6 Institute of Neuroimmunology , Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia .
authors.forename: Mangesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001179:Arthropod Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: chip-based technology; diagnostics; mass spectrometry; molecular biology; serology; vector-borne diseases