title: Fabrication of phosphate microcrystalline rice husk based cellulose particles and their electrorheological response.
abstract: As a dry-based electrorheological (ER) material, phosphate microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which exhibits ER properties under anhydrous conditions, was fabricated by the phosphorylation of MCC particles. The MCC particles were initially synthesized by the three step preparation of an alkali treatment, bleaching, and hydrolysis of cellulose particles from rice husk. The phosphate MCC was then synthesized via the phosphoric ester reaction of urea with phosphoric acid and MCC, and its chemical characteristics were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The phosphate MCC particles were dispersed in silicone oil to produce an ER fluid (10vol%), and its chain structure was observed directly by optical microscopy. The rheological behavior of the ER fluid was tested using a rotational rheometer under a range of electric fields, showing a polarization mechanism with a slope of 2.0 for the yield stress as a function of the applied electric field strengths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hjchoi@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyoung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kisuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Do
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: Md Sakinul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: Nhol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D012275:Oryza; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose
keywords: Electrorheological; Microcrystalline cellulose; Rice husk; Suspension