title: Malfunctions of robotic system in surgery: role and responsibility of surgeon in legal point of view.
abstract: Robotic surgery (RS) technology has undergone rapid growth in the surgical field since its approval. In clinical practice, failure of robotic procedures mainly results from a surgeon's inability or to a device malfunction. We reviewed the literature to estimate the impact of this second circumstance in RS and its consequent legal implications. According to data from the literature, device malfunction is rare. We believe it is necessary to complement surgical training with a technical understanding of RS devices.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Torino), Italy , Tel. 0119026224.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrarese
authors.affiliation: Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.affiliation: Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.affiliation: Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radiology and Public Health, Public Health and Humanities Section, University of Brescia - Centre of Bioethics Research, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delbon
authors.affiliation: Section of General Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Torino), Italy, Tel. 0119026224; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples, Italy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples, Italy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buccelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples, Italy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niola
authors.affiliation: Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples, Italy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capasso
keywords: Malfunction; Responsibility; Robotic surgery; surgery