title: p16INK4a: A surrogate marker of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of p16INK4aand the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal vestibule.
  
  
  
  Patients diagnosed from 1995 to 2014 were included in this study. Assessment of p16INK4aand HPV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed and analyzed with respect to baseline, clinicopathological, and outcome parameters. The p16INK4apositivity was defined as unequivocal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of ≥70% of the cells, whereas 50%-69% was considered to be a "borderline" result.
  
  
  
  There were 46 patients with SCCs of the nasal vestibule, of whom 31 (67.4%) were available for p16INK4aand 30 (65.2%) for analysis of HPV. Expression of p16INK4awas present in 19.4% and showed coincidence with high-risk HPV (P < .001). Neither p16INK4anor HPV-DNA had significant impact on outcome.
  
  
  
  Significant immunoreactivity for p16INK4awas present in about one-fifth of the samples and figured as a surrogate marker of high-risk HPV infection. There was no influence on outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Domenic
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0967-934X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vital
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holzmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerhard F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Soyka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dieter R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18
keywords: human papilloma virus; nasal vestibule; p16INK4a; prevalence; squamous cell carcinoma