title: Kidney stone formation and antioxidant effects ofCynodon dactylondecoction in male Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antioxidant capacity impairs in kidney and urinary bladder of animals with stone disease. Herbal medicine can improve the antioxidant condition of renal tissue.Cynodon dactylon(C. dactylon) is a medicinal plant with antioxidative and diuretic properties and different preparations of this plant have shown promising effects in stone disease. Assessment of the whole plant decoction to prevent kidney stone disease as well as its antioxidant effects was the aim of this paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (n=10). One group was left without treatment and four groups received ethylene glycol (1% v/v) in drinking water for 6 weeks. Three doses ofCynodon dactylonaqueous decoction (12.5, 50 and 200 mg/kg BW) were added to the drinking water of groups 3-5. Finally, water intake, 24-hour urine volume, MDA, total thiol concentration and FRAP value were measured in the serum and kidney tissues. The CaOx depositions were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the ethylene glycol-treated group, 200 mg/kgC. dactylon, lowered stone incidents, decreased urine volume, increased FRAP/g Cr (43%) and thiol content (p<0.05) with no significant alteration of water intake, MDA decreased significantly compared toC. dactylon12.5 (p<0.01). Kidney weight increased and body weight decreased in ethylene glycol-treated group compared to the control group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minimum dose of 200 mg/kgC. dactylonreduced stone formation and simultaneously increased total antioxidant power of serum and preserved MDA content and water.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.affiliation: Neurocognitive Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Parichehr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hayatdavoudi
authors.affiliation: Neurocognitive Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mousa Al-Reza
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hadjzadeh
authors.affiliation: Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khajavi Rad
authors.affiliation: Department of pathology, Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Nema
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamadian Roshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbasali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasnezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mojtaba
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Roghayeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pakdel
authors.affiliation: Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zarei
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghaee
keywords: Antioxidant; Cynodon dactylon decoction; Ethylene glycol; FRAP; MDA; Nephrolithiasis