title: Pediatric high-grade glioma: current molecular landscape and therapeutic approaches.
abstract: High-grade pediatric central nervous system glial tumors are comprised primarily of anaplastic astrocytomas (AA, WHO grade III) and glioblastomas (GBM, WHO grade IV). High-grade gliomas are most commonly diagnosed in the primary setting in children, but as in adults, they can also arise as a result of transformation of a low-grade malignancy, though with limited frequency in the pediatric population. The molecular genetics of high-grade gliomas in the pediatric population are distinct from their adult counterparts. In contrast to the adult population, high-grade gliomas in children are relatively infrequent, representing less than 20% of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. steve.braunstein@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-9357
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braunstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raleigh
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bindra
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, DFCI/BWH, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haas-Kogan
mesh_terms: D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D060787:Neoplasm Grading
keywords: Pediatric astrocytoma; Pediatric brain tumor; Pediatric glioblastoma