title: Automatic loudness control in short-form content for broadcasting.
abstract: During the early years of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) loudness calculation standard for sound broadcasting [ITU-R (2006), Rec. BS Series, 1770], the need for additional loudness descriptors to evaluate short-form content, such as commercials and live inserts, was identified. This work proposes a loudness control scheme to prevent loudness jumps, which can bother audiences. It employs short-form content audio detection and dynamic range processing methods for the maximum loudness level criteria. Detection is achieved by combining principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction and support vector machines for binary classification. Subsequent processing is based on short-term loudness integrators and Hilbert transformers. The performance was assessed using quality classification metrics and demonstrated through a loudness control example.
authors.affiliation: CEFALA-Center for Research on Speech, Acoustics, Language and Music, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil leandropires@ufmg.br, maurilionunesv@cpdee.ufmg.br, hani@cpdee.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Leandro da S
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: CEFALA-Center for Research on Speech, Acoustics, Language and Music, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil leandropires@ufmg.br, maurilionunesv@cpdee.ufmg.br, hani@cpdee.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Maurílio N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: CEFALA-Center for Research on Speech, Acoustics, Language and Music, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil leandropires@ufmg.br, maurilionunesv@cpdee.ufmg.br, hani@cpdee.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Hani C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yehia