title: Influence of pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed on milk production and milk fatty acid profile in Alpine goats.
abstract: The aim was to determine the effect of substituting pumpkin seed cake (PSC) or extruded linseed (ELS) for soya bean meal in goats' diets on milk yield, milk composition and fatty acids profile of milk fat. In total, 28 dairy goats were divided into three groups. They were fed with concentrate mixtures containing soya bean meal (Control; n=9), ELS (n=10) or PSC (n=9) as main protein sources in the trial lasting 75 days. Addition of ELS or PSC did not influence milk yield and milk gross composition in contrast to fatty acid profile compared with Control. Supplementation of ELS resulted in greater branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and total n-3 fatty acids compared with Control and PSC (P<0.05). Total n-3 fatty acids were accompanied by increased α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3; 0.56 g/100 g fatty acids) and EPA (C20:5n-3; 0.12 g/100 g fatty acids) proportions in milk of the ELS group. In contrast, ELS and PSC resulted in lower linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6; 2.10 and 2.28 g/100 g fatty acids, respectively) proportions compared with Control (2.80 g/100 g fatty acids; P<0.05). Abovementioned resulted in lower LA/ALA ratio (3.81 v. 7.44 or 6.92, respectively; P<0.05) with supplementation of ELS compared with Control or PSC. The PSC diet decreased total n-6 fatty acids compared with the Control (2.96 v. 3.54 g/100 g fatty acids, P<0.05). Oleic acid (c9-C18:1), CLA (c9,t11-18:2) and t10-,t11-C18:1 did not differ between treatments (P⩾0.08), although stearic acid (C18:0) increased in ELS diets compared with Control (12.7 v. 10.2 g/100 g fatty acids, P<0.05). Partially substituted soya bean meal with ELS in hay-based diets may increase beneficial n-3 fatty acids and BCFA accompanied by lowering LA/ALA ratio and increased C18:0. Pumpkin seed cake completely substituted soya bean meal in the diet of dairy goats without any decrease in milk production or sharp changes in fatty acid profile that may have a commercial or a human health relevancy.
authors.affiliation: 1Department for Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek,University of J. J. Strossmayer,V. Preloga 1,31000 Osijek,Croatia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Klir
authors.affiliation: 2Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics,University of Hohenheim,Fruwirthstrasse 31, 70593 Stuttgart,Germany.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro-Montoya
authors.affiliation: 1Department for Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek,University of J. J. Strossmayer,V. Preloga 1,31000 Osijek,Croatia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novoselec
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products,Max Rubner-Institute,Hermann-Weigmann-Strasse 1, 24103 Kiel,Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molkentin
authors.affiliation: 1Department for Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek,University of J. J. Strossmayer,V. Preloga 1,31000 Osijek,Croatia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domacinovic
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Zagreb,Svetosimunska cesta 25,10000 Zagreb,Croatia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mioc
authors.affiliation: 2Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics,University of Hohenheim,Fruwirthstrasse 31, 70593 Stuttgart,Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dickhoefer
authors.affiliation: 1Department for Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek,University of J. J. Strossmayer,V. Preloga 1,31000 Osijek,Croatia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Antunovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028464:Cucurbita; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: extruded linseed; fatty acid profile; goat milk; pumpkin seed cake