title: [Sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headache in ambulatory setting].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication following subarachnoid blockade and its incidence varies with the size of the needle used and the needle design. Supportive therapy is the usual initial approach. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is the gold-standard when supportive therapy fails but has significant risks associated. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) may be a safer alternative.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed a 41 year-old female patient presenting with PDPH after a subarachnoid blockade a week before. We administrated 1l of crystalloids, Dexamethasone 4mg, parecoxib 40mg, acetaminophen 1g and caffeine 500mg without significant relief after 2hours. We performed a bilateral SPGB with a cotton-tipped applicator saturated with 0.5% Levobupivacaine under standard ASA monitoring. Symptoms relief was reported 5minutes after the block. The patient was monitored for an hour after which she was discharged and prescribed acetaminophen 1g and ibuprofen 400mg every 8hours for the following 2 days. She was contacted on the next day and again after a week reporting no pain in both situations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPGB may attenuate cerebral vasodilation induced by parasympathetic stimulation transmitted through neurons that have synapses in the sphenopalatine ganglion. This would be in agreement with the Monro-Kellie concept and would explain why caffeine and sumatriptan can have some effect in the treatment of PDPH. Apparently, SPGB has a faster onset than EBP with better safety profile. We suggest that patients presenting with PDPH should be considered primarily for SPGB. Patients may have a rescue EBP if needed.
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal. Electronic address: josemiguelxcardoso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graça
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Célia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Terapêutica da Dor, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Duarte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051299:Post-Dural Puncture Headache / Q000628:therapy*; D059387:Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block
keywords: Bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino; Cefaleia pós‐punção dural; Postdural puncture headache; Sphenopalatine ganglion block