title: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Migraine Patients: Migraine, Trauma and Alexithymia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent studies, it has been suggested that there is a relationship between migraine headaches and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PTSD has not been diagnosed by a clinician in these studies; the evaluation has been carried out by the screening scales. Besides, it has also been asserted that there was relationship of alexithymia with migraine and other chronic painful disorders. In this study, our aim was to investigate the prevalence of clinically-diagnosed PTSD and alexithymic features among migraine patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty consecutive migraine patients sent from neurology clinic and 60 healthy controls having similar features constituted the sample of this study. SCID-I/CV PTSD module and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) was administered to the sample. The subjects also filled in the socio-demographic data form and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). The level of pain perceived by the migraine patients was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 subjects (28%) in the migraine group and 5 individuals (8.3%) in the control group were diagnosed with PTSD. Hence, PTSD was found to be statistically significantly higher in the migraine group. 25 persons in the migraine group (41.6%) and 12 in the control group (20%) scored above the TAS cutoff score in terms of alexithymic features. Alexithymia was found to be statistically significantly higher in the migraine group). In the migraine group, VAS scores of the ones with PTSD were statistically significantly higher compared to that in ones without PTSD. 94% of the persons diagnosed with PTSD in the migraine group reported that their migraine headaches started after a traumatic experience. In the migraine group, no statistically significant correlation was detected between CAPS and VAS scores in subjects with PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In migraine patients, PTSD and alexithymic features have been found higher than in the healthy controls. Further studies are needed to search whether the practices aimed at treating the PTSD and alexithymic features can contribute to the treatment of migraine headaches or not.
authors.affiliation: Numune Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Clinic, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süreyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karşikaya
authors.affiliation: Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry Clinic, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Önder
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Kavakci
authors.affiliation: Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry Clinic, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nesim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuğu
authors.affiliation: Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry Clinic, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşegül Selcen
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Güler
keywords: Migraine; alexithymia; post traumatic stress disorder