title: A Biomimetic Phosphatidylcholine-Terminated Monolayer Greatly Improves the In Vivo Performance of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors.
abstract: The real-time monitoring of specific analytes in situ in the living body would greatly advance our understanding of physiology and the development of personalized medicine. Because they are continuous (wash-free and reagentless) and are able to work in complex media (e.g., undiluted serum), electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors are promising candidates to fill this role. E-AB sensors suffer, however, from often-severe baseline drift when deployed in undiluted whole blood either in vitro or in vivo. We demonstrate that cell-membrane-mimicking phosphatidylcholine (PC)-terminated monolayers improve the performance of E-AB sensors, reducing the baseline drift from around 70 % to just a few percent after several hours in flowing whole blood in vitro. With this improvement comes the ability to deploy E-AB sensors directly in situ in the veins of live animals, achieving micromolar precision over many hours without the use of physical barriers or active drift-correction algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7849-9735
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dauphin-Ducharme
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Netzahualcóyotl
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2740-6276
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Currás
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Claire H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria Ave., Carson, CA, 90747, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Shaoguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.|The Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Program, Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.|The Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Tod E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kippin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.|Center for Bioengineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4772-8771
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Plaxco
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry*; D032701:Biomimetics; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines
keywords: aptamers; biomimetic surfaces; electrochemical sensors; in vivo measurements; membrane monolayers