title: PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Breast Cancer.
abstract: The programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor which is expressed on the surface of immune effector cells. It is activated mainly by PD-L1 which can be expressed by all human cells. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a subtle role in maintaining peripheral T-lymphocyte tolerance and regulating inflammation. In cancer, the expression of PD-L1 seems to be one of the major immune escape mechanisms. Many studies have shown efficacy of blocking PD-1 or PD-L1 with specific antibodies like pembrolizumab or atezulizumab. In breast cancer, potential response was demonstrated in metastatic triple-negative breast cancers.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Au
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domschke
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Breast cancer; Immune checkpoints; Immunotherapy; PD1/PD-L1