title: Chimeric antigen receptor engineered stem cells: a novel HIV therapy.
abstract: Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for suppressing HIV and improving patients' quality of life, HIV persists in cART-treated patients and remains an incurable disease. Financial burdens and health consequences of lifelong cART treatment call for novel HIV therapies that result in a permanent cure. Cellular immunity is central in controlling HIV replication. However, HIV adopts numerous strategies to evade immune surveillance. Engineered immunity via genetic manipulation could offer a functional cure by generating cells that have enhanced antiviral activity and are resistant to HIV infection. Recently, encouraging reports from several human clinical trials using an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T-cell therapy for treating B-cell malignancies have provided valuable insights and generated remarkable enthusiasm in engineered T-cell therapy. In this review, we discuss the development of HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptors and the use of stem cell based therapies to generate lifelong anti-HIV immunity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Anjie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Mayra A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kitchen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D011946:Receptors, Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D011946:Receptors, Antigen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
keywords: Chimeric antigen receptors, engineered immunity; HIV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); HIV infection; HIV therapy; stem cell-based gene therapy