title: Effectiveness of tissue engineered chitosan-gelatin composite scaffold loaded with human platelet gel in regeneration of critical sized radial bone defect in rat.
abstract: Although many strategies have been utilized to accelerate bone regeneration, an appropriate treatment strategy to regenerate a new bone with optimum morphology and mechanical properties has not been invented as yet. This study investigated the healing potential of a composite scaffold consisting of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel) and platelet gel (PG), named CS-Gel-PG, on a bilateral critical sized radial bone defect in rat. Eighty radial bone defects were bilaterally created in 40 Sprague-Dawley rats and were randomly divided into eight groups including untreated, autograft, CS, Gel, CS-PG, Gel-PG, CS-Gel, and CS-Gel-PG treated defects. The bone defects were evaluated clinically and radiologically during the study and their bone samples were assessed by gross and histopathology, histomorphometry, CT-scan, scanning electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing after 8weeks of bone injury. The autograft and CS-Gel-PG groups showed significantly higher new bone formation, density of osseous and cartilaginous tissues, bone volume, and mechanical performance than the defect, CS and Gel-PG groups (P˂0.05). In addition, bone volume, density of osseous and cartilaginous tissues, and numbers of osteons in the CS-Gel-PG group were significantly superior to the CS-PG, CS-Gel and Gel groups (P˂0.05). Increased mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, collagen type 1 and CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor as osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation markers were found with the CS-Gel-PG scaffold by quantitative real-time PCR in vitro after 30days of culturing on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the healing potential of CS-Gel scaffold embedded with PG was comparable to autografting and therefore, it can be offered as an appropriate scaffold in bone tissue engineering and regenerative applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: Oryan1215@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Soodeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alidadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bigham-Sadegh
authors.affiliation: Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamali
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D051539:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C068755:Hnf1b protein, rat; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D015675:Osteocalcin; D051539:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta; D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Bone regeneration; Bone tissue engineering; Chitosan; Gelatin; Platelet gel; Radius