title: Chronic exposure to ethanol causes steatosis and inflammation in zebrafish liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to ethanol in the liver and the expression of inflammatory genes in zebrafish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zebrafish (n= 104), wild type, adult, male and female, were divided into two groups: Control and ethanol (0.05 v/v). The ethanol was directly added into water; tanks water were changed every two days and the ethanol replaced. The animals were fed twice a day with fish food until satiety. After two and four weeks of trial, livers were dissected, histological analysis (hematoxilin-eosin and Oil Red staining) and gene expression assessment of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 2 (adipor2), sirtuin-1 (sirt-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-a), interleukin-1b (il-1b) and interleukin-10 (il-10) were performed. Ultrastructural evaluations were conducted at fourth week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposing zebrafish to 0.5% ethanol developed intense liver steatosis after four weeks, as demonstrated by oil red staining. In ethanol-treated animals, the main ultrastructural changes were related to cytoplasmic lipid particles and droplets, increased number of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and glycogen particles. Between two and four weeks, hepatic mRNA expression ofil-1b,sirt-1andadipor2were upregulated, indicating that ethanol triggered signaling molecules which are key elements in both hepatic inflammatory and protective responses.Adiponectinwas not detected in the liver of animals exposed and not exposed to ethanol, andil-10did not show significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that inflammatory signaling and ultrastructural alterations play a significant role during hepatic steatosis in zebrafish chronically exposed to ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Reis
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gregório
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uribe-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ranieli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guizzo
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malysz
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Faccioni-Heuser
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larisse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Ana Claudia Reis Schneider, Carolina Uribe-Cruz, Ranieli Guizzo, Larisse Longo, Themis Reverbel da Silveira, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Themis Reverbel
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: da Silveira
keywords: Alcoholic fatty liver; Ethanol; Hepatic steatosis; Inflammation; Zebrafish