title: Systematic Review: A Prevention-Based Model of Neuropsychological Assessment for Children With Medical Illness.
abstract: Many pediatric chronic illnesses have shown increased survival rates, leading to greater focus on cognitive and psychosocial issues. Neuropsychological services have traditionally been provided only after significant changes in the child's cognitive or adaptive functioning have occurred. This model of care is at odds with preventative health practice, including early identification and intervention of neuropsychological changes related to medical illness. We propose a tiered model of neuropsychological evaluation aiming to provide a preventative, risk-adapted level of assessment service to individuals with medical conditions impacting the central nervous system based on public health and clinical decision-making care models.
  
  
  
  Elements of the proposed model have been used successfully in various pediatric medical populations. We summarize these studies in association with the proposed evaluative tiers in our model.
  
  
  
  This model serves to inform interventions through the various levels of assessment, driven by evidence of need at the individual level in real time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System.|Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kristina K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System.
authors.forename: Stephany M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System.
authors.forename: Tess
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropsychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System.|Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Karin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011634:Public Health
keywords: children; cognitive assessment; evidence-based practice; neuropsychology