title: Relationships among drinking and smoking habits, history of diseases, body mass index and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Japanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the cardiovascular risk factors in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients enrolled in a nationwide epidemiological survey of hearing disorders in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compiled the cardiovascular risk factors in 3073 idiopathic SSNHL subjects (1621 men and 1452 women) and compared their proportions with controls as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, 2014. The cardiovascular risk factors consisted of drinking and smoking habits, a history of five conditions related to cardiovascular disease and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of current smokers was significantly higher among men aged 50-59, 60-69 and 70+ and among women aged 30-39, 40-49 and 60-69. The proportion of patients with a history of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher among men aged 50-59, 60-69 and 70+, but not in women. In addition, male and female SSNHL subjects aged 60-69 showed lower proportions of current drinking; and female SSNHL subjects aged 60-69 showed higher proportions of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present cross-sectional study revealed showed significantly higher proportions of current smokers among both men and women as well as those with a history of diabetes mellitus among men across many age groups in patients with idiopathic SSNHL compared with the controls.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health , Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine , Mibu , Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umesawa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health , Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine , Mibu , Japan.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoshuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitoh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.affiliation: c Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: d Department of Otolaryngology , Ehime University School of Medicine , Toon , Japan.
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hato
authors.affiliation: e Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: f Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: g Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: h Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Saitama School of Medicine , Moroyama , Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikezono
authors.affiliation: i Department of Otolaryngology , Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities , Tokorozawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: j Department of Otolaryngology , International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: k Division of Hearing and Balance Research , National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kimitaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaga
authors.affiliation: l Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Yamagata University School of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakehata
authors.affiliation: m Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: k Division of Hearing and Balance Research , National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.affiliation: n Department of Otolaryngology , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: o Department of Otolaryngology , Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital , Kobe , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: p Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: q Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: r Department of Otolaryngology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara , Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: s Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Iwate Medical University , Morioka , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: t Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Nishihara , Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: u Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shojaku
authors.affiliation: v Department of Otolaryngology , Nagasaki University Faculty of Medicine , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: w Department of Otolaryngology , Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: x Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: y Department of Otolaryngology , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: z Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Usami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003639:Hearing Loss, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss; cross-sectional study; drinking; epidemiology; multicenter study; smoking