title: Systematic investigation of fabrication conditions of nanocarrier based on carboxymethyl chitosan for sustained release of insulin.
abstract: pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) comprised of degradable carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) crosslinked with CaCl2were simply prepared via ionic gelation. Fabrication conditions including insulin dosage, CMCS concentration, and crosslinking density were systematically investigated for insulin loading and release in vitro. The encapsulation efficiencies (EE), loading capacity (LC) and average size of the NPs decreased with the increasing insulin concentrations (<0.192mg/mL), while they notably increased as the insulin dosage was above 0.192mg/mL. When the concentration of CMCS increased from 0.5 to 2.0mg/mL, the EE of the NPs reduced while the size of the NPs increased. We further demonstrated that crosslinking density offered a simple method for tuning the properties of the NPs towards various insulin concentrations. The mass ratio 10:5 of CMCS to CaCl2exhibited the optimal performance at higher insulin concentration, whereas a higher crosslinking density of 10:7 (m:m) gave the optimal performance at low insulin concentration. The cumulative release of insulin from insulin loaded NPs decreased with the elevating crosslinking density. These findings not only provided a better understanding of the synthesis of CMCS NPs but also contributed to the practical applications of insulin loading and release.
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Guixue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Shichao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhongzheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: xjcheng@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China. Electronic address: xgchen@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D007328:Insulin; C514968:carboxymethyl-chitosan; D048271:Chitosan; D002122:Calcium Chloride
keywords: Carboxymethyl chitosan; Insulin; Loading capacity; Releasing; Size