title: Multiparameter Quantification of Liposomal Nanomedicines at the Single-Particle Level by High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry.
abstract: Drug-encapsulated liposomes have been considered the most clinically acceptable drug-delivery systems. However, current methods fall short in the quantitative characterization of individual nanoliposomes because of their small sizes and large heterogeneity. Here, we report a high-throughput method for the absolute quantification of particle size, drug content, fraction of drug encapsulation, and particle concentration of liposomal nanomedicines at the single-particle level. A laboratory-built high-sensitivity flow cytometer was used to simultaneously detect the side-scatter and fluorescence signals generated by individual nanomedicine particles at a speed up to 10 000 nanoparticles/min. To cope with the size dependence of the refractive index of liposomal nanomedicines, different sizes of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes were fabricated and characterized to serve as the calibration standards for the measurement of both particle size and drug content. This method provides a highly practical platform for the characterization of liposomal nanomedicines, and broad applications can be envisioned.
authors.affiliation: The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chaoxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shaobin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-6863
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008081:Liposomes; D050997:Nanomedicine; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes
keywords: doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomes; flow cytometry; nanomedicine; nanoparticle characterization; single-particle detection