title: German guideline for the management of adverse reactions to ingested histamine: Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Association of Allergologists (AeDA), and the Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SGAI).
abstract: Adverse food reactions are far more often perceived than objectively verified. In our scientific knowledge on non-allergic adverse reactions including the so called histamine intolerance, there are large deficits. Due to the fact that this disorder is increasingly discussed in the media and the internet, more and more people suspect it to be the trigger of their symptoms. The scientific evidence to support the postulated link between ingestion of histamine and adverse reactions is limited, and a reliable laboratory test for objective diagnosis is lacking. This position paper by the "Food Allergy" Working Group of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) in collaboration with the German Association of Allergologists (AeDA), the Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), and the Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SGAI) reviews the data on the clinical picture of adverse reactions to ingested histamine, summarizes important aspects and their consequences, and proposes a practical diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Medical Nutrition Therapy, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.affiliation: Allergy Ward, Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ballmer-Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Virchow Clinic Campus, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Göttingen University Hospital, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Westend Allergy and Asthma Center, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleine-Tebbe
authors.affiliation: Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Ludger
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klimek
authors.affiliation: Practice for Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Stade, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lepp
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Virchow Clinic Campus, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niggemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saloga
authors.affiliation: Specialist Allergy Practice, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Werfel
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology Charité University Hospital, Charité Mitte Campus, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zuberbier
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology Charité University Hospital, Charité Mitte Campus, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Margitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worm
keywords: Adverse reaction; Diamine oxidase; Food; Histamine intolerance; Stool analysis