title: Lycopene Extracts from Different Tomato-Based Food Products Induce Apoptosis in Cultured Human Primary Prostate Cancer Cells and Regulate TP53, Bax and Bcl-2 Transcript Expression
abstract: Carotenoids are the main tomato components, especially lycopene. Lycopene is more bioavailable in tomato processed
  products than in raw tomatos, since formation of lycopene cis-isomers during food processing and storage may increase
  its biological activity. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of lycopene extracts (5 mg / mL) from different
  tomato-based food products (paste, sauce, extract and ketchup) on cell viability and apoptosis on primary human
  prostate cancer cells (PCa cels) for 96h. Using MTT assay, we observed a significant decrease on primary PCa cell
  viability upon treatment with lycopene extracted from either 4 tomato-based food products. Flow cytometeric analysis
  revealed that lycopene from tomato extract and tomato sauce promoted up to fifty-fold increase on the proportion of
  apoptotic cells, when compared to the control group. Using real time PCR assay, we found that lycopene promoted
  an upregulation of TP53 and Bax transcript expression and also downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in PCa cells. In
  conclusion, our data demostrate that cis-lycopene promoted a significant inhibition on primary PCa cell viability, as
  well as an increase on their apoptotic rates, evidencing that cis-lycopene contained in tomato sauce and extract cain
  mainly modulate of primary human prostate cancer cell survival.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Email:ncpsoares@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nathalia da Costa Pereira
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Clara Lima
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Bruno Boquimpani
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.forename: Ingridy Celestino do Canto
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Etel Rodrigues Pereira
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gimba
authors.forename: Anderson Junger
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Teodoro
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Takiya
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borojevic
keywords: Tomato-based food products; lycopene; prostate cancer; bioactive compounds; apoptosis; TP53