title: Impact of Rates of Change of Lamina Cribrosa and Optic Nerve Head Surface Depths on Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma.
abstract: To investigate the impact of the rates of change of anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth (ALCSD) and optic nerve head surface depth (ONHSD) on visual field (VF) progression in glaucoma.
  
  
  
  One hundred forty-six eyes of 95 glaucoma patients had optical coherence tomography ONH imaging and VF testing at approximately 4-month intervals for greater than or equal to 5 years. Anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth and ONHSD were measured with reference to (1) Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and (2) choroid-sclera interface (CSI). The rates of change of ALCSD and ONHSD of individual eyes were measured with linear regression analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the rates of change of ALCSD/ONHSD for prediction of VF progression as per Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial criteria were determined by joint longitudinal and survival models.
  
  
  
  Using the BMO reference, 23.3% and 28.1% of eyes showed a significant positive trend (posterior displacement), whereas 29.5% and 24.0% showed a significant negative trend (anterior displacement) of ALCSD and ONHSD, respectively. Using the CSI reference, the proportions with a significant negative trend decreased to 11.6% and 14.4%, respectively; and the proportions with a significant positive trend increased to 37.7% and 38.4%, respectively. The HRs of VF progression were 1.06 and 1.11 for each micrometer per year increase in the rates of change of ALCSDBMO and ONHSDBMO, respectively; and 1.07 and 1.09 for each micrometer per year increase in the rates of change of ALCSDCSI and ONHSDCSI, respectively.
  
  
  
  Identifying fast progressors of posterior ALCS/ONHS displacement is relevant to the management of glaucoma patients as they have a higher risk of VF progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hang Seng Management College, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Christopher K-S
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult