title: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Edible Mushrooms from Niger Delta, Nigeria: Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment
abstract: In the oil-rich Niger Delta, hydrocarbon pollution and oil spillages, gas flaring and sundry anthropogenic activities
  constitute sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with food contamination playing a major role in human
  exposure. In this study we assessed PAH levels in wild and cultivated edible mushroom species consumed by the general
  population from the oil producing Niger Delta, Nigeria. The concentrations of USEPA-16 PAHs were determined
  by gas chromatography and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated. The concentrations of
  USEPA-16 PAHs ranged from 0.02 mg/kg – 3.37 mg/kg. The dietary intake of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
  USEPA-16 PAHs (Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Flourene, Flouranthene,
  Pyrene, Benzo[a]Anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[a]Pyrene, Benzo[b]Flouranthene, Benzo[K]Flouranthene, Benzo[g,h,i]
  Perylene, Dibenz[a,h]Anthracene and Ideno[1,2,3-cd]Pyrene) for adults, adolescents and seniors ranged from 0.00 – 0.05
  mg/kg/day, 0.00 – 0.06 mg/kg/day and 0.00 – 0.07 mg/kg/day. The BaPeq ranged from 0.02 – 2.76 with margin of
  exposure MOE values of BaP ranging from 3,500,000 to 700,000, 3,500,000 and 3,500,000 to 7,000,000 for adults,
  adolescents and seniors indicating very insignificant health risk. The incremental lifetime cancer risk was within the
  safe range of 1.56x10-8 – 1.73x10-6 with the highest calculated risk found for wild Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom
  species from the study area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Email:orishebere@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sorbari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igbiri
authors.forename: Nnaemeka Arinze
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Udowelle
authors.forename: Osazuwa Clinton
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ekhator
authors.forename: Rose Ngozi
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Asomugha
authors.forename: Zelinjo Nkeiruka
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Igweze
authors.forename: Orish Ebere
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Orisakwe
keywords: Superfoods; farm produce; organic pollutants; risk assessments; public health