title: Olive oil bioactives protect pigs against experimentally-induced chronic inflammation independently of alterations in gut microbiota.
abstract: Subclinical chronic inflammation (SCI) is associated with impaired animal growth. Previous work has demonstrated that olive-derived plant bioactives exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that could possibly counteract the growth-depressing effects of SCI. To test this hypothesis and define the underlying mechanism, we conducted a 30-day study in which piglets fed an olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE) and their control counterparts (C+) were injected repeatedly during the last 10 days of the study with increasing doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce SCI. A third group of piglets remained untreated throughout the study and served as a negative control (C-). In C+ pigs, SCI increased the circulating concentration of interleukin 1 beta (p < 0.001) and decreased feed ingestion (p < 0.05) and weight gain (p < 0.05). These responses were not observed in OBE animals. Although intestinal inflammation and colonic microbial ecology was not altered by treatments, OBE enhanced ileal mRNA abundance of tight and adherens junctional proteins (p < 0.05) and plasma recovery of mannitol (p < 0.05) compared with C+ and C-. In line with these findings, OBE improved transepithelial electrical resistance (p < 0.01) in TNF-α-challenged Caco-2/TC-7 cells, and repressed the production of inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In summary, this work demonstrates that OBE attenuates the suppressing effect of SCI on animal growth through a mechanism that appears to involve improvements in intestinal integrity unrelated to alterations in gut microbial ecology and function.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liehr
authors.affiliation: Lucta S.A., Montornés del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mereu
authors.affiliation: Lucta S.A., Montornés del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Javier
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.affiliation: ProNutra Solutions SL, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Quintela
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.|Lucta S.A., Montornés del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio Rodolfo
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ipharraguerre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D000069463:Olive Oil