title: Management of Lung Cancer Invading the Superior Sulcus.
abstract: Superior sulcus tumors have posed a formidable therapeutic challenge since their original description by Pancoast and Tobias in the early twentieth century. Initial therapeutic efforts with radiotherapy were associated with high rates of relapse and mortality. Bimodality therapy with complete surgical resection in the 1960s paved the way for trimodality therapy as the current standard of care in the treatment of superior sulcus tumors. The evolution of treatment approaches over time has provided outcomes that come increasingly closer to rivaling those of similarly staged nonapical lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0118, San Francisco, CA 94143-0118, USA. Electronic address: johannes.kratz@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Johannes R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0470, 513 Parnassus Avenue, 321, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
authors.forename: Gavitt
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Room A-743, San Francisco, CA 94143-1724, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jablons
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010178:Pancoast Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
keywords: Apical; Non–small cell lung cancer; Pancoast; Superior sulcus; Tumor