title: Connectivity patterns during music listening: Evidence for action-based processing in musicians.
abstract: Musical expertise is visible both in the morphology and functionality of the brain. Recent research indicates that functional integration between multi-sensory, somato-motor, default-mode (DMN), and salience (SN) networks of the brain differentiates musicians from non-musicians during resting state. Here, we aimed at determining whether brain networks differentially exchange information in musicians as opposed to non-musicians during naturalistic music listening. Whole-brain graph-theory analyses were performed on participants' fMRI responses. Group-level differences revealed that musicians' primary hubs comprised cerebral and cerebellar sensorimotor regions whereas non-musicians' dominant hubs encompassed DMN-related regions. Community structure analyses of the key hubs revealed greater integration of motor and somatosensory homunculi representing the upper limbs and torso in musicians. Furthermore, musicians who started training at an earlier age exhibited greater centrality in the auditory cortex, and areas related to top-down processes, attention, emotion, somatosensory processing, and non-verbal processing of speech. We here reveal how brain networks organize themselves in a naturalistic music listening situation wherein musicians automatically engage neural networks that are action-based while non-musicians use those that are perception-based to process an incoming auditory stream. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2955-2970, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Vinoo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9157-6931
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alluri
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toiviainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Iballa
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3948-1414
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burunat
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kliuchko
authors.affiliation: Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vuust
authors.affiliation: Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark.|Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brattico
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009146:Music; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: fMRI; functional connectivity; graph theory; music; musical training