title: Solar Radiation-Associated Adaptive SNP Genetic Differentiation in Wild Emmer Wheat,Triticum dicoccoides.
abstract: Whole-genome scans with large number of genetic markers provide the opportunity to investigate local adaptation in natural populations and identify candidate genes under positive selection. In the present study, adaptation genetic differentiation associated with solar radiation was investigated using 695 polymorphic SNP markers in wild emmer wheat originated in a micro-site at Yehudiyya, Israel. The test involved two solar radiation niches: (1) sun, in-between trees; and (2) shade, under tree canopy, separated apart by a distance of 2-4 m. Analysis of molecular variance showed a small (0.53%) but significant portion of overall variation between the sun and shade micro-niches, indicating a non-ignorable genetic differentiation between sun and shade habitats. Fifty SNP markers showed a medium (0.05 ≤FST≤ 0.15) or high genetic differentiation (FST> 0.15). A total of 21 outlier loci under positive selection were identified by using four differentFST-outlier testing algorithms. The markers and genome locations under positive selection are consistent with the known patterns of selection. These results suggested that genetic differentiation between sun and shade habitats is substantial, radiation-associated, and therefore ecologically determined. Hence, the results of this study reflected effects of natural selection through solar radiation on EST-related SNP genetic diversity, resulting presumably in different adaptive complexes at a micro-scale divergence. The present work highlights the evolutionary theory and application significance of solar radiation-driven natural selection in wheat improvement.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University Dezhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and the Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jirui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xuegui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Eviatar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Dongfa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Cheng
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang, China; The State Key Lab of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd.Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
keywords: SNP marker; genetic differentiation; natural selection; solar radiation; wild emmer wheat