title: A Longitudinal Study of Social Participation After Dysvascular Lower Extremity Amputation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined patterns of social participation among individuals experiencing their first dysvascular lower extremity amputation. We identified the types of social participation valued by this population and explored factors that were associated with individuals' levels of participation and their subjective satisfaction with participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort was recruited from four Veterans Administration Medical Centers and followed for 1 yr after amputation. Social participation was measured with a modified version of the Community Integration Questionnaire. Potential correlates included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Modified Social Support Survey, Locomotor Capability Index 5, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, and self-rated health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1-yr postamputation, participants indicated that the most valued aspects of social participation were maintaining close friendships, visiting loved ones, and managing finances. Levels of social participation and satisfaction with participation were modest at 1-yr postamputation. Higher levels of social participation at 1 yr were related to better baseline mental status, better premorbid mobility, and lower amputation level. Higher satisfaction with participation was related to greater baseline social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals' social participation may be influenced by physical and cognitive factors, whereas their satisfaction with participation may be influenced by psychosocial factors. Rehabilitation specialists are encouraged to address both aspects of social participation when formulating and pursuing rehabilitation goals.
authors.affiliation: From the VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Rehabilitation Care Service, Seattle, Washington (AMR, RMW, APT, AWH, KNH, JMC); University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle, Washington (RMW, APT, KNH, JMC); Spectrum Research, Inc, Tacoma, Washington (DCN); and Houston VA Medical Center, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Houston, Texas (HH).
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roepke
authors.forename: Rhonda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Aaron P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Alison W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Norvell
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: Kevin N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Czerniecki
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000674:Amputees; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000601:surgery; D058992:Social Participation; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans