title: Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines.
abstract: Ramadan fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam and is compulsory for all healthy Muslims from puberty onwards. Exemptions exist for people with serious medical conditions, including many with diabetes, but a large number will participate, often against medical advice. Ensuring the optimal care of these patients during Ramadan is crucial. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance have come together to deliver comprehensive guidelines on this subject. The key areas covered include epidemiology, the physiology of fasting, risk stratification, nutrition advice and medication adjustment. The IDF-DAR Practical Guidelines should enhance knowledge surrounding the issue of diabetes and Ramadan fasting, thereby empowering healthcare professionals to give the most up-to-date advice and the best possible support to their patients during Ramadan.
authors.affiliation: Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: mhassanein148@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanein
authors.affiliation: Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Monira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Arouj
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Mohamad Wan
authors.initials: WMW
authors.lastname: Bebakar
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbar
authors.affiliation: President of Emirates Diabetes Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Abdulrazzaq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Madani
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lessan
authors.affiliation: Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basit
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Al-Noor Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tayeb
authors.affiliation: Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalifa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Western Region, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Twaim
authors.affiliation: NCR International Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buyukbese
authors.affiliation: Chair of Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Adel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Nakhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling / Q000592:standards*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000628:therapy; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diabetes; Dosing; Fasting; Guidelines; Ramadan