title: β-Cell protection and antidiabetic activities of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) Benth. S. Moore extract against alloxan-induced oxidative stress via regulation of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medicinal plants are becoming more popular in the treatment of various diseases because of the adverse effects of the current therapy, especially antioxidant plant components such as phenols and flavonoids have a protective role against oxidative stress-induced degenerative diseases like diabetes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate β-cell protection and antidiabetic activities of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) Benth. S. Moore.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in-vitro study was conducted by the pancreatic β-cell culture and α-amylase inhibition technique which includes two methods, namely starch-iodine method and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method. On the other hand, the in-vivo study was performed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) method and alloxan-induced diabetes method by using Wistar albino rat. At the end pancreatic specimens were removed and processed for histopathological study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plant extract showed significant (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) effect on hyperglycemia as compared to standard (Gliclazide) in OGTT. The plant extract showed efficient protection activity of pancreatic β-cell from cell death in INS-1 cell line by significantly reduced (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) the levels alloxan-induced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, the plant extract showed a significant (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) effect on hyperglycemia by increases in percent of β-cells present in each islet (45% - 60%) compared to the diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result showed that C. crepidioides had β-cell protection and antidiabetic activities in pancreatic β-cell culture and Wistar albino rat.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Entaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kazi-Marjahan
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Hwa
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Harun-Or
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kashi Raj
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bhattarai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Foy's Lake, Chittagong, 4202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mir Mohammad Monir
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Foy's Lake, Chittagong, 4202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Joushan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Foy's Lake, Chittagong, 4202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Kishor
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mazumder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Jessore Science and Technology University, Jessore, 7408, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Obayed
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raihan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. hoyoon@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyonok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Alloxan; Antidiabetes; Apoptosis; Crassocephalum crepidioides; INS-1; Reactive Oxygen Species; Wistar Albino Rat; β-Cell Protection