title: Selenoamino Acid-Enriched Green Pea as a Value-Added Plant Protein Source for Humans and Livestock.
abstract: Selenium deficiency in various degrees affects around 15% of the world's population, contributing to a variety of health problems. In this study, we examined the accumulation and biotransformation of soil applied Se-supplementation (sodium selenite and sodium selenate forms) at different concentrations, along with growth and yield formation of green pea, in a greenhouse experiment. Biotransformation of inorganic Se was evaluated using HPLC-ICP-MS for Se-species separation in the above ground parts of green pea. Results showed 3 mg kg-1SeIVincreased green pea growth biomarkers and also caused an increase in protein content in leaves by 17%. Selenomethionine represented 65% of the total selenium content in shoots, but was lower in pods and seeds (54 and 38%, respectively). Selenomethionine was the major species in all plant parts and the only organic selenium form in the lower SeIVconcentration range. Elevating the dose of SeIV(≥30 mg kg-1) triggered detrimental effects on growth and protein content and caused higher accumulation of inorganic Se in forms of SeVIand SeIV. Selenocysteine, another organic form of proteinogenic amino acid, was determined when SeIV(≥10 mg kg-1) was applied in higher concentrations. Thus, agronomic biofortification using the appropriate chemical form and concentration of Se will have positive effects on green pea growth and its enriched shoots and seeds provide a value-added protein source for livestock and humans with significant increased selenomethionine.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary. farzaneh@agr.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garousi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Domokos-Szabolcsy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jánószky
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea Balláné
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szilvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veres
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
authors.forename: Áron
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Soós
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kovács
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D064586:Selenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012645:Selenomethionine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012645:Selenomethionine; D012643:Selenium; D018038:Sodium Selenite; D064586:Selenic Acid
keywords: Biofortification; Green pea; HPLC-ICP-MS; Selenium; Selenoaminoacids; Speciation