title: Sagittal balance is correlated with Parkinson's Disease clinical parameters: an overview of spinopelvic alignment on 175 consecutive cases.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the disease-related sagittal balance changes in relation to the sacro-pelvic morphology of Parkinson's Disease patients with different duration of disease.
  
  
  
  One hundred and seventy-five consecutive Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients (102 males, 73 females; age: 55-83 years) participated in the cross-sectional study. The clinical assessment included: Hoehn Yahr (H&Y) score; Tinetti score; plumb line (PL) distance from the spinous process of C7, L3 and S1 and kyphosis apex. Lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), spinosacral (SSA) and spinopelvic (SPA) angles, spinal tilt, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS) and pelvic tilt (PT) were radiographically assessed.
  
  
  
  Spinosacral and spinopelvic were correlated with the duration of disease and Tinetti score, but not with age. We found a positive correlation between LL and both SSA and SPA. TK was significantly correlated with LL but not with pelvic parameters, while PI with SS and LL.
  
  
  
  Female gender, high PI and high LL together with a low PL-C7 distance can be considered as protective factors for spinal imbalance and fall risk; negative factors are represented by male gender, longer disease duration, higher H&Y Class, and low PL-L3 distance. Looking at the pelvis is revealing new important insights in spinal disease management, both surgical and rehabilitative.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Service, Fondazione Teresa Camplani Casa di Cura Domus Salutis, Brescia, Italy.|LARIN: Neuromuscular and Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bissolotti
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berjano
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Service, Fondazione Teresa Camplani Casa di Cura Domus Salutis, Brescia, Italy.|LARIN: Neuromuscular and Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zuccher
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Service, Fondazione Teresa Camplani Casa di Cura Domus Salutis, Brescia, Italy.|LARIN: Neuromuscular and Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zenorini
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buraschi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy. mail@villafane.it.
authors.forename: Jorge Hugo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.|IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negrini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Lumbar; Parkinson Disease; Pelvic; Sagittal balance; Spine