title: Outdoor Cultivation of Marine Diatoms for Year-Round Production of Biofuels.
abstract: Biofuel production using microalgae is believed to have the advantage of continuous year-round production over crop plants, which have strong seasonality. However, actual year-round production of microalgal lipids using outdoor mass cultivation has rarely been demonstrated. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that the oleaginous diatom,Fistulifera solaris, was culturable in outdoor bioreactors from spring to autumn, whereas biomass and lipid production in winter failed becauseF. solarisdid not grow below 15 °C. Therefore, another candidate strain that is culturable in winter is required. In this study, a cold-tolerant diatom,Mayamaeasp. JPCC CTDA0820, was selected as a promising candidate for biofuel production in winter. Laboratory-scale characterization revealed that this diatom was culturable at temperatures as low as 10 °C. Subsequently,F. solaris(April-October) andMayamaeasp. JPCC CTDA0820 (November-March) were cultured in outdoor open-pond bioreactors, wherein year-round production of diatom lipids was successfully demonstrated. The maximal values of areal productivities of biomass and lipids reached to 9.79 and 1.80 g/(m² day) forF. solaris, and 8.62 and 0.92 g/(m² day) forMayamaeasp. JPCC CTDA0820, respectively. With the combined use of these two diatom species, stable year-round production of microalgal lipids became possible.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Laboratory, Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., 1, Yanagisaki -machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyusyu 808-0111, Japan. mitsufumi_matsumoto@jpower.co.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsufumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. d-nojima@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. s161002q@st.go.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonoyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. puchibou@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. y_maeda@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. y-tomoko@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. tsuyo@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D017377:Diatoms / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology; D058086:Microalgae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D008055:Lipids
keywords: F. solaris; Mayamaea sp. JPCC CTDA0820; biofuel; cold-tolerant microalgae; diatoms; open-pond bioreactor; outdoor cultivation