title: Exercise addiction risk and health in male and female amateur endurance cyclists.
abstract: Background and aims To determine the relationship between the risk of exercise addiction (REA) and health status in amateur endurance cyclists. Methods In 859 (751 men and 108 women) cyclists and 718 inactive subjects (307 men and 411 women), we examined the REA (Exercise Addiction Inventory), training status (volume, frequency, experience, and performance), socioeconomic status, quality of life (QoL) (SF-12), quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and cardiometabolic risk: body mass index, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), physical condition (International Fitness Scale), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener), alcohol and tobacco consumption. Results In total, 17% of the cyclists showed evidence of REA and 83% showed low REA. REA occurred independent of age, sex, training, and socioeconomic status (all ps > .05). Regardless of REA, the cyclists displayed a better physical QoL and a lower cardiometabolic risk than the inactive subjects (all ps < .05). The cyclists with REA displayed worse values of mental QoL, quality of sleep, and anxiety than cyclists with low REA (all ps < .05). The REA group had better values of mental QoL and anxiety and similar values of quality of sleep than the inactive subjects. The differences in mental QoL between the REA and low REA groups were significantly greater in women (p = .013). There was no Addiction × Sex interaction in the other analyzed variables. Conclusion Our results suggest that an increased prevalence of REA limits the benefits that amateur endurance cycling has on mental health and quality of sleep.
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayolas-Pi
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simón-Grima
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peñarrubia-Lozano
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, University Pablo de Olavide , Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Munguía-Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Education, University of Jaume I , Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moliner-Urdiales
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legaz-Arrese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance; D015995:Prevalence; D000091402:Prohibitins; D011788:Quality of Life; D012306:Risk; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain
keywords: endurance training; health; physical activity; quality of life; quality of sleep; risk of exercise addiction