title: The hot-water extract of leaves of noni, Morinda citrifolia, promotes the immunocompetence of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
abstract: The hot-water Morinda citrifolia leaf extract (HMLE) was prepared for in vitro assessment on phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), and phagocytic activity (PA). Furthermore, the HMLE was administrated in the diet at 0.6, 3, and 6 g (kg diet)-1for Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the potential effects on the immunocompetence of prawns were evaluated. PO activity, RBs, and PA in hemocytes incubated with the HMLE at 140, 20, 20, and 140 mg l-1significantly increased. The immune parameters of the total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), RBs, PO activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, PA, transglutaminase (TG) activity and hemolymph clotting time were evaluated before and after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of the feeding trial. During 9 weeks of the feeding trial, higher THCs, DHCs, RBs, PO, and TG as well as accelerated clotting times were observed in prawns fed HMLE-containing diets at 0.6 g kg-1. The mRNA expressions of prophenoloxidase, TG, crustin, and lysozyme of prawns fed HMLE-containing diets at 0.6 g kg-1for 9 weeks of the feeding trial significantly increased. The susceptibility of prawns fed the HMLE at 0.6 g kg-1to Lactococcus garvieae infection significantly decreased, and the relative survival percentage was 23.1%. We therefore found that HMLE administrated through the diet at 0.6 g kg-1was capable of enhancing the immunity and resistance against L. garvieae in M. rosenbergii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Atika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marisa Halim
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Pai-Po
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Zhong-Wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: changcc@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Chyuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007121:Immunocompetence; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000502:physiology*; D032066:Morinda / Q000737:chemistry*; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Feeding trial; Immunity; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Morinda citrifolia