title: CYP1A1m1 and CYP2C9*2 and *3 polymorphism and risk to develop ARV-associated hepatotoxicity and its severity.
abstract: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes. Variations in the genes encoding these enzymes may influence the activity of corresponding metabolizing enzymes. This study aimed at assessing association of CYP2C9*2 430C/T, CYP2C9*31075A/C, and CYP1A1m1 3801T/C polymorphism with risk to develop ARV Antiretroviral-associated hepatotoxicity and its severity. In this case-control study, genotyping of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and CYP1A1m1 genes was done in 34 HIV-infected individuals with hepatotoxicity and 131 without hepatotoxicity, and 153 unrelated healthy individuals using PCR-RFLP. CYP1A1m13801CC genotype was likely to be associated with severe ARV-associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.78, p = 0.70). CYP1A1m13801CC genotype and combined genotype TC + CC were likely to be associated with development of ARV-associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 2.57, p = 0.08; OR = 1.42, p = 0.17). CYP1A1m1 3801CC genotype among advanced and intermediate HIV disease stage was likely to be associated with advancement of disease (OR = 2.56, p = 0.77; OR = 2.37, p = 0.45). CYP2C9*31075AC genotype among alcohol users was likely to be associated with development of ARV-associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.67, p = 0.38). CYP1A1m1 3801TC genotype and combined genotype TC + CC among nevirapine users were likely to be associated with severe ARV-associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 3.68, p = 0.27; OR = 4.91, p = 0.13). Among those who received nevirapine, presence of CYP1A1m1 3801TC genotype was likely to be associated with increased risk of development of ARV-associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.50, p = 0.78). CYP1A1m1 3801TC, 3801CC, and CYP2C9*3 1075AC genotypes among combined alcohol + nevirapine users increased the risk of development of ARV-associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.41, p = 0.53; OR = 1.49, p = 0.83; OR = 1.78, p = 0.35). In conclusion, individuals with CYP1A1m13801CC and 3801TC genotypes independently and in the presence of alcohol and nevirapine usage is likely to be associated with increased risk of development of ARV-associated hepatotoxicity, its severity, and advancement of disease. CYP2C9*31075AC genotype with combined alcohol and nevirapine usage indicated a risk for development of ARV-associated hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: HariOm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lata
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nema
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Dharmesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghate
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Raman R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gangakhedkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: 
  CYP
  ; 
  HIV
  ; ARV-associated hepatotoxicity; drug metabolizing enzyme; genetic predisposition