title: Identifying Frailty and its Outcomes in Older People in Rural Tanzania.
abstract: Background/Study Context: Interest in frailty is growing in low- and middle-income countries, due to demographic aging and resource limitations. However, there is a paucity of data on the nature of frailty in Africa.
  
  
  
  The study collected frailty data from people aged 70 years and over living in six villages in the rural Hai District of northern Tanzania. At baseline, a limited data set was collected for 1198 people and a more comprehensive data set for a stratified sample of 296 people. A 40-item frailty index was constructed. Data regarding mortality and dependency were collected at 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  
  A higher frailty index score was significantly correlated with greater age, never having attended school, falls, mortality, and dependency in activities of daily living. Logistic regression modeling revealed functional disability and cognitive function to be significant independent predictors of the outcome "mortality or dependency."
  
  
  
  In resource-poor settings, brief frailty screening assessments may be a useful way of identifying those most in need of support.
authors.affiliation: a Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , North Tyneside General Hospital , North Shields , UK.
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: b Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre , Moshi , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Golda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orega
authors.affiliation: c Hai District Medical Centre, Boman'gombe , Kilimanjaro , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Aloyce
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kisoli
authors.affiliation: b Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre , Moshi , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogathi
authors.affiliation: a Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , North Tyneside General Hospital , North Shields , UK.|d Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Royal Victoria Infirmary , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Stella-Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paddick
authors.affiliation: e South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , Torquay , UK.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Longdon
authors.affiliation: a Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , North Tyneside General Hospital , North Shields , UK.|f Institute of Health and Society , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: a Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , North Tyneside General Hospital , North Shields , UK.|f Institute of Health and Society , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
authors.affiliation: a Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , North Tyneside General Hospital , North Shields , UK.|f Institute of Health and Society , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
authors.affiliation: c Hai District Medical Centre, Boman'gombe , Kilimanjaro , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaote
authors.affiliation: a Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , North Tyneside General Hospital , North Shields , UK.|g Institute for Ageing , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dotchin
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D013636:Tanzania