title: Visual Field Progression in Patients with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Using Pointwise Linear Regression Analysis.
abstract: To evaluate visual field (VF) progression and rate of glaucomatous VF loss in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) using pointwise linear regression (PLR) trend analysis.
  
  
  
  Clinic-based retrospective study.
  
  
  
  Primary angle-closure glaucoma patients with 5 or more reliable VF tests and with 5 years or more of follow-up.
  
  
  
  Visual field progression was assessed by PROGRESSOR software version 3.7 (Medisoft, Leeds, United Kingdom) and was defined by the presence of at least 2 adjacent testing points located within the same hemifield that showed progression with a change of -1 dB/year or more (P < 0.01) for inner points or -2 dB/year or more (P < 0.01) for edge points. We also performed a logistic regression analysis to determine the variables associated with rapid progression (defined as mean slope of progressing points ≥-1.5 dB/year).
  
  
  
  Visual field progression and rate of VF loss.
  
  
  
  Of the 1296 patients who were assessed, 398 (30.7%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria of 5 or more VFs and 5 years or more of follow-up. Visual field progression was observed in 63 of 398 eyes (15.8%) according to the PLR criteria. The overall mean rate of VF change for these patients was -0.12±0.51 dB/year over a mean follow-up period of 10.4±3.7 years. There were no significant differences in the age, gender distribution, follow-up duration, or number of VFs between those who showed progression and those who did not (all P > 0.05). The most common sector of VF progression was the superior arcuate area (65%). Rapid progression was found in 36 patients (57%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed older age and higher vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) at presentation as predictors of rapid progression (all P < 0.005) in the progressing group (n = 63).
  
  
  
  In patients with PACG being managed in a hospital setting, VF progression was noted in 15.8%, and the overall rate of VF loss was -0.12±0.51 dB/year. The superior arcuate was the most common sector of progression. Older age and higher VCDR at presentation were associated with rapid progression.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Monisha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nongpiur
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Rahat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Shamira A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. Electronic address: aung.tin@singhealth.com.sg.
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012607:Scotoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*