title: Where does the Albumin go? Human Albumin Solution usage following the implementation of a demand management programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To outline the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GSTFT) and Evelina London Children's Hospital (ELCH) demand management plan for human albumin solution (HAS) and usage.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is no UK-wide guidance governing the use of HAS. A severe shortage in 2015 prompted a Trust demand management programme. Indications were categorised according to locally agreed colour code and ASFA categories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the implementation of the demand management programme, a 6-month audit of HAS usage was completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1303.1 L of HAS was used in 1139 infusions; 737 infusions were 20% HAS, accounting for 175.7 L (13.5%) in 181 patients. Indications for 20% HAS were red in 53.9% (94.7 L), blue in 26.5% (46.5 L) and grey in 19.6% (34.5 L). The remaining 1127.4 L (86.5%) infused were of 4.5 and 5 % HAS. A total of 1102.3 L (97.8%) was used for plasma exchange, 941.4 L (85.4%) ASFA category I, 93.7 L (8.5%) category II, 25.5 L (2.3%) category IV and 41.7 L (3.8%) for indications not specified according to ASFA; 25.1 L (2.2%) were used for a grey indication (volume resuscitation for hypovolaemia).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The demand management programme provides surveillance of indications and retrospective verification of appropriate use. The majority of HAS indications were appropriate. Plasma exchange accounted for 84.6% of HAS usage and will be the focus of further demand management strategies. The demand management programme whilst aiming to promote best transfusion practice also ensures a tool to manage future shortages according to indication and available supply.
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Retter
authors.affiliation: Viapath St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maggs
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garood
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-5536
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: HAS; HAS indications; demand management programme; human albumin solution; plasma exchange