title: The Ups and Downs of Parenting Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Crowdsourcing Study.
abstract: Parenting young children with type 1 diabetes (YC-T1D) entails pervasive challenges; parental coping may influence child and parent outcomes. This study used a qualitative descriptive design to describe these challenges comprehensively to inform the user-centered design of an Internet coping resource for parents.
  
  
  
  A "Parent Crowd" of 153 parents of children with T1D onset at ≤ 5 years old submitted textual responses online to open-ended questions about parenting YC-T1D. Systematic coding organized responses into domains, themes, and examples. A supplemental focus group of racial/ethnic minority parents enhanced the sample's diversity and validated findings from the Parent Crowd.
  
  
  
  Similar domains and themes emerged from responses of crowdsourcing and focus group participants. In each domain, parenting YC-T1D was challenging, but there was also substantial evidence of positive coping strategies and adaptability.
  
  
  
  The study yielded rich data to inform user-centered design of an Internet resource for parents of YC-T1D.
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aroian
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schifano
authors.affiliation: Family Advisory Committee Member, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: Family Advisory Committee Member, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wysocki
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D063045:Crowdsourcing; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012944:Social Support
keywords: crowdsourcing; parental coping; social support; type 1 diabetes; young children