title: Seasonal variation of Brazilian red propolis: Antibacterial activity, synergistic effect and phytochemical screening.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dry and rainy season on the antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the Brazilian red propolis. The samples were collected in rainy (RP-PER) and dry (RP-PED) seasons and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The extracts were tested alone and in association with antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The HPLC analysis identified luteolin and quercetin as the main compounds. Seasonal variation was observed according to concentrations of the compounds. The MIC values against E. coli ranged from 128 μg/mL to 512 μg/mL (EC 06 and EC ATCC). The red propolis showed MIC values of 512 μg/mL against both strains of P. aeruginosa used in our study (PA03 and PA24) and against strains of Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus the MICs ranged from 64 μg/mL to ≥1024 μg/mL (SA10). A synergistic effect was observed when we combined the RP-PED with gentamicin against all the strains tested. When we combined the RP-PED with Imipenem, we only observed synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa. According to our synergistic activity results, the utilization of red propolis collected in the drier periods can be used as an adjuvant against multiresistant bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFPE, Brazil. Electronic address: mareg1988@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Regueira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo Relison
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tintino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Raquel Pereira
authors.initials: ARP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Socorro
authors.initials: MDS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Augusti
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro Unversitário Leão Sampaio, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edinardo F F
authors.initials: EFF
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFPE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Queiroz Balbino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irwin R A
authors.initials: IRA
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique Douglas
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Melo Coutinho
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012621:Seasons; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D064209:Phytochemicals; D011429:Propolis
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Phenolic compounds; Red propolis; Seasonal variation; Synergistic effect