title: Malonylginsenosides with Potential Antidiabetic Activities from the Flower Buds of Panax ginseng.
abstract: LC-MS-guided phytochemical isolation of malonylginsenosides, featuring neutral elimination of CO2and C3H2O3by the negative mode collision-induced dissociation, from the flower buds of Panax ginseng led to the isolation of 19 malonyl-substituted triterpenoid saponins. They include 15 new malonylginsenosides, malonylfloralginsenosides-Re1-Re3(1-3), -Rb1and -Rb2(4, 5), -Rd1-Rd6(6-11), and -Rc1-Rc4(12-15), and the known m-Rb1, m-Rc, m-Rb2, and m-Rd (16-19). Compound 11 represents the first dimalonyl saponin isolated from the Panax genus, while 2-4, 9, and 10 are five ginsenosides with single malonylation at the C-20 sugar chain. The antidiabetic activities of nine of these malonyl-substituted ginsenosides (1, 3, 4, 8, 13, and 16-19) and five of the corresponding non-malonyl ginsenosides (Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) were evaluated by L6 myotubes' glucose consumption and AMPKα2β1γ1 activation. Ginsenoside Rb2, 1, and 18 promoted glucose consumption of differentiated L6 myotubes, while ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rd and the malonylginsenosides 4, 8, 13, 16, 17, and 19 activated AMPKα2β1γ1 (EC50: 0.0168-2.8 μM, fold: 1.7-4.7).
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Zhi
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zuchongzhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing-Ya
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zuchongzhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zuchongzhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wan-Ying
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9549-6448
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: De-An
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012503:Saponins; C048026:ginsenoside Rb2; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1