title: Valorization of carob waste: Definition of a second-generation bioethanol production process.
abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a strategy for second-generation ethanol production from carob solid waste issued from Lebanese food industry. The pros and cons of submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentations (SSF) using S. cerevisiae on ethanol yield and productivity were compared, including the respective roles of upstream and downstream processes, such as the size reduction, or sugar and ethanol recovery processes. The design of experiments methodology was applied. Experimental results demonstrated that SSF applied to cut carob waste from carob syrup preparation was simpler to operate and more cost-effective, maintained yield and productivity (0.458g ethanol/g consumed sugar and 4.3g/(kg waste)/h) in comparison to SF (0.450g ethanol/g consumed sugar and 5.7g/(kg waste)/h), and was able to achieve ethanol production up to 155g/(kg waste) at low water demand, while SF reached only 78g/(kg waste) due to the limitations of the sugar extraction pretreatment.
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS - UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France; Lebanese University, AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon. Electronic address: hajar-bahry91@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Hajar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahry
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS - UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.affiliation: Lebanese University, AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rawa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS - UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS - UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delattre
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS - UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Nidal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.affiliation: Lebanese University, AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS - UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vial
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol; D007887:Fabaceae; D005285:Fermentation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Carob by-product; Second generation bioethanol; Solid-state fermentation; Submerged fermentation; Sugar extraction