title: A simple technique to overcome self-focusing, filamentation, supercontinuum generation, aberrations, depth dependence and waveguide interface roughness using fs laser processing.
abstract: Several detrimental effects limit the use of ultrafast lasers in multi-photon processing and the direct manufacture of integrated photonics devices, not least, dispersion, aberrations, depth dependence, undesirable ablation at a surface, limited depth of writing, nonlinear optical effects such as supercontinuum generation and filamentation due to Kerr self-focusing. We show that all these effects can be significantly reduced if not eliminated using two coherent, ultrafast laser-beams through a single lens - which we call the Dual-Beam technique. Simulations and experimental measurements at the focus are used to understand how the Dual-Beam technique can mitigate these problems. The high peak laser intensity is only formed at the aberration-free tightly localised focal spot, simultaneously, suppressing unwanted nonlinear side effects for any intensity or processing depth. Therefore, we believe this simple and innovative technique makes the fs laser capable of much more at even higher intensities than previously possible, allowing applications in multi-photon processing, bio-medical imaging, laser surgery of cells, tissue and in ophthalmology, along with laser writing of waveguides.
authors.affiliation: FABULAS, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada. jerome.lapointe@polymtl.ca.|Poly-Grames Research Center, 2500 Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada. jerome.lapointe@polymtl.ca.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapointe
authors.affiliation: FABULAS, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada.|Poly-Grames Research Center, 2500 Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada.
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kashyap