title: Efficacy of periimplant mechanical curettage with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in smokeless-tobacco product users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant to mechanical curettage (MC) in the treatment of periimplant mucositis in smokeless tobacco (ST) product users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight ST product users with periimplant mucositis were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the test-group, participants underwent periimplant MC with adjunct aPDT; and in the control-group, the patients underwent MC alone. Periimplant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline and after 3-months of follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, periimplant PI, BOP and PD were comparable among individuals in the test- and control groups. At 3-months follow-up, scores of periimplant PI (P<0.05), BOP (P<0.05) and PD (P<0.05) were statistically significantly higher among patients in the control-group compared with the test-group. At 3-months follow-up, the percentages of sites of PI, BOP and PD were statistically significantly higher in the control-sites as compared to the test-sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with periimplant mucositis, MC with adjunct aPDT is more effective in reducing periimplant inflammation in ST product users as compared to MC alone; however, the present result should be interpreted with caution as they were based on a short-term follow-up. Further long-term studies are needed in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: alsowygh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeyad H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Al-Sowygh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013357:Subgingival Curettage / Q000379:methods*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Bleeding on probing; Mechanical curettage; Periimplant diseases