title: Second Primary Malignancy in Bladder Carcinoma - A Population-based Study.
abstract: A second primary malignancy is a serious long-term complication in cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of second primary malignancies (SPM) in adult patients with bladder cancer.
  
  
  
  We selected patients ≥18 years diagnosed with bladder cancer from National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 13 database. We calculated the risk of second primary malignancies in the bladder cancer patients using the MP-SIR session of SEER*stat software.
  
  
  
  A total of 103,516 cases of bladder cancer was included in the study. Among them, 17,004 (16.4%) developed 19,318 second primary malignancies. The risk of development of SPM was significantly higher compared to the general population with O/E ratio of 1.42 (95% CI=1.4-1.44, AER=89.22 and p-value of <0.001). Prostate cancer, lung and bronchial cancer and urinary bladder cancer were the three commonest SPMs.
  
  
  
  There is significant increased risk of second primary malignancies in adult patients with bladder cancer to general population. Bladder cancer survivors may benefit from life-long follow-up for development of SPM.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanal
authors.affiliation: Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nibash
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Budhathoki
authors.affiliation: American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Osbourn, Antigua.
authors.forename: Vijay Pal
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: North Puget Cancer Center, Sedro-Woolley, WA, U.S.A. binay.shah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Binay K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bladder cancer; SEER; latency; second primary malignancy