title: Activation and Functional Connectivity of the Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus during Visual Speech Priming in Healthy Listeners and Listeners with Schizophrenia.
abstract: Under a "cocktail-party" listening condition with multiple-people talking, compared to healthy people, people with schizophrenia benefit less from the use of visual-speech (lipreading) priming (VSP) cues to improve speech recognition. The neural mechanisms underlying the unmasking effect of VSP remain unknown. This study investigated the brain substrates underlying the unmasking effect of VSP in healthy listeners and the schizophrenia-induced changes in the brain substrates. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain activation and functional connectivity for the contrasts of the VSP listening condition vs. the visual non-speech priming (VNSP) condition were examined in 16 healthy listeners (27.4 ± 8.6 years old, 9 females and 7 males) and 22 listeners with schizophrenia (29.0 ± 8.1 years old, 8 females and 14 males). The results showed that in healthy listeners, but not listeners with schizophrenia, the VSP-induced activation (against the VNSP condition) of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (pITG) was significantly correlated with the VSP-induced improvement in target-speech recognition against speech masking. Compared to healthy listeners, listeners with schizophrenia showed significantly lower VSP-induced activation of the left pITG and reduced functional connectivity of the left pITG with the bilateral Rolandic operculum, bilateral STG, and left insular. Thus, the left pITG and its functional connectivity may be the brain substrates related to the unmasking effect of VSP, assumedly through enhancing both the processing of target visual-speech signals and the inhibition of masking-speech signals. In people with schizophrenia, the reduced unmasking effect of VSP on speech recognition may be associated with a schizophrenia-related reduction of VSP-induced activation and functional connectivity of the left pITG.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception, Ministry of Education, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing, China; School of Psychology, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Juanhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ruikeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shenglin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: She
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception, Ministry of Education, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital)Guangzhou, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: cocktail-party problem; inferior temporal gyrus; informational masking; lipreading; schizophrenia; speech recognition; unmasking; visual speech priming