title: Nutritional assessment of elderly patients on dialysis: pitfalls and potentials for practice.
abstract: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) population is aging. Currently a high percentage of patients treated on dialysis are older than 65 years. As patients get older, several conditions contribute to the development of malnutrition, namely protein energy wasting (PEW), which may be compounded by nutritional disturbances associated with CKD and from the dialysis procedure. Therefore, elderly patients on dialysis are vulnerable to the development of PEW and awareness of the identification and subsequent management of nutritional status is of importance. In clinical practice, the nutritional assessment of patients on dialysis usually includes methods to assess PEW, such as the subjective global assessment, the malnutrition inflammation score, and anthropometric and laboratory parameters. Studies investigating measures of nutritional status specifically tailored to the elderly on dialysis are scarce. Therefore, the same methods and cutoffs used for the general adult population on dialysis are applied to the elderly. Considering this scenario, the aim of this review is to discuss specific considerations for nutritional assessment of elderly patients on dialysis addressing specific shortcomings on the interpretation of markers, in addition to providing clinical practice guidance to assess the nutritional status of elderly patients on dialysis.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuppari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Katrina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Avesani
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins
keywords: dialysis; elderly; nutritional assessment; obesity; protein energy wasting