title: Laser beam melting 3D printing of Ti6Al4V based porous structured dental implants: fabrication, biocompatibility analysis and photoelastic study.
abstract: Fabricating Ti alloy based dental implants with defined porous scaffold structure is a promising strategy for improving the osteoinduction of implants. In this study, we use Laser Beam Melting (LBM) 3D printing technique to fabricate porous Ti6Al4V dental implant prototypes with three controlled pore sizes (200, 350 and 500 μm). The mechanical stress distribution in the surrounding bone tissue is characterized by photoelastography and associated finite element simulation. For in-vitro studies, experiments on implants' biocompatibility and osteogenic capability are conducted to evaluate the cellular response correlated to the porous structure. As the preliminary results, porous structured implants show a lower stress-shielding to the surrounding bone at the implant neck and a more densed distribution at the bottom site compared to the reference implant. From the cell proliferation tests and the immunofluorescence images, 350 and 500 μm pore sized implants demonstrate a better biocompatibility in terms of cell growth, migration and adhesion. Osteogenic genes expression of the 350 μm group is significantly increased alone with the ALP activity test. All these suggest that a pore size of 350 μm provides an optimal provides an optimal potential for improving the mechanical shielding to the surrounding bones and osteoinduction of the implant itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 3/5, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.|Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: QianRong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: YiMing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: RuiXue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: ChiChi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 3/5, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klämpfl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 3/5, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.|Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: XingWen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 3/5, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.|Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: YouCheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015921:Dental Implants; D004548:Elasticity; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase