title: Bisphenol A Removal by Submerged Macrophytes and the Contribution of Epiphytic Microorganisms to the Removal Process.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), a typical endocrine disruptor, has been found in global aquatic environments, causing great concern. The capabilities of five common submerged macrophytes to remove BPA from water and the contributions of epiphytic microorganisms were investigated. Macrophytes removed 62%-100% of total BPA (5 mg/L) over 12 days; much higher rates than that observed in the control (2%, F = 261.511, p = 0.000). Ceratophyllum demersum was the most efficient species. C. demersum samples from lakes with different water qualities showed no significant differences in BPA removal rates. Moreover, removal, inhibition or re-colonization of epiphytic microorganisms did not significantly change the BPA removal rates of C. demersum. Therefore, the contributions of epiphytic microorganisms to the BPA removal process were negligible. The rate of BPA accumulation in C. demersum was 0.1%, indicating that BPA was mainly biodegraded by the macrophyte. Hence, submerged macrophytes, rather than epiphytic microorganisms, substantially contribute to the biodegradation of BPA in water.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, No. 152, Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guosen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, No. 152, Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, No. 152, Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. jiang_jhcn@126.com.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, No. 152, Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. mryangshao@126.com.
authors.forename: Shao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Biodegradation; Bisphenol A; Ceratophyllum demersum; Epiphytic microorganisms; Macrophyte