title: Hidden targets of ubiquitin proteasome system: To prevent diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end stage renal failure. Although, several therapeutic targets have emerged to prevent the progression of DN, the number of people with DN still continues to rise worldwide, suggesting an urgent need of novel targets to prevent DN completely. Currently, the role of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been highlighted in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, cancers, neurodegerative disorders and including secondary complications of diabetes. UPS mainly involves in protein homeostatis through ubiquitination (post translational modification) and proteasomal degradation of various proteins. Ubiquitination, not only involves in proteasomal degradation, but also directs the substrate proteins to participate in multitude of cell signalling pathways. However, very little is known about ubiquitination and UPS in the progression of DN. This review mainly focuses on UPS and its components including E2 conjugating enzymes, E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) in the development of DN and thus may help us to find novel therapeutic targets with in UPS to prevent DN completely in future.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
authors.forename: Santosh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Goru
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
authors.forename: Almesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadakol
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India. Electronic address: anil.gaikwad@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in.
authors.forename: Anil Bhanudas
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gaikwad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000072017:Deubiquitinating Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D025801:Ubiquitin; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000072017:Deubiquitinating Enzymes; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: Deubiquitinases; Diabetic nephropathy; E2 conjugating enzymes; E3 ligases; Histone ubiquitination; Ubiquitin proteasome system