title: Abuse of anabolic agents in beef cattle: Could bile be a possible alternative matrix?
abstract: European Union prohibited the use of anabolic agents in food producing animals since 1988. An efficient control of abuses is guaranteed not only by highly performing analytical methods, but also by knowledge of metabolic pathways, kinetics of elimination and tissue distribution. To obtain data concerning metabolites production and accumulation in bile, two typical growth promoting treatments are carried out in cattle. In the first study, sixteen beef cattle were implanted with trenbolone acetate and estradiol. In the second one, three animals were implanted with zeranol and three were fed a diet containing zearalenone. Methods based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were developed and validated to quantify the analytes of interest. The results evidenced that the biliary concentrations of the marker residues were always higher than those determined at the same time in urine and liver which are the matrices generally collected within the official monitoring programmes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lega
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rigoni
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biancotto
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, I-06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giusepponi
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, I-06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, I-06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saluti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, I-06126 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: r.galarini@izsum.it.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galarini
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate
keywords: Bile; Cattle; LC-MS/MS; Trenbolone/estradiol; Zearalenone; Zeranol