title: Multiphysics and Thermal Response Models to Improve Accuracy of Local Temperature Estimation in Rat Cortex under Microwave Exposure.
abstract: The rapid development of wireless technology has led to widespread concerns regarding adverse human health effects caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields. Temperature elevation in biological bodies is an important factor that can adversely affect health. A thermophysiological model is desired to quantify microwave (MW) induced temperature elevations. In this study, parameters related to thermophysiological responses for MW exposures were estimated using an electromagnetic-thermodynamics simulation technique. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in which parameters related to regional cerebral blood flow in a rat model were extracted at a high degree of accuracy through experimental measurements for localized MW exposure at frequencies exceeding 6 GHz. The findings indicate that the improved modeling parameters yield computed results that match well with the measured quantities during and after exposure in rats. It is expected that the computational model will be helpful in estimating the temperature elevation in the rat brain at multiple observation points (that are difficult to measure simultaneously) and in explaining the physiological changes in the local cortex region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan. kodera.sachiko@nitech.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodera
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan. jgomez@nitech.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gomez-Tames
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan. ahirata@nitech.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan. bdxmsd@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. t-arima@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan. wata@nict.go.jp.
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013816:Thermodynamics
keywords: bioheat equation; electromagnetic field; finite-difference time-domain method; temperature elevation; thermophysiology