title: A high content microscopy assay to determine drug activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: Tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases with the greatest global burden, affecting millions of people. The rise of multi- and extensively-drug resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over the last few decades has highlighted the urgent need for development of new drugs to treat the disease. Many drug development pipelines are based on in vitro assays examining a compound's effect on M. tuberculosis alone. These do not account for the effect of a compound on mammalian cells nor the interaction between host and pathogen. We therefore developed a live-cell fluorescence-based screen utilizing high content microscopy of mammalian macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis to screen for compounds with both substantial inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth and low cytotoxicity. Isoniazid, a first line tuberculosis drug, and staurosporine, a compound with well documented cytotoxic activity, were used to validate the assay. These and other control compounds showed results for M. tuberculosis growth consistent with the field. Together, this method of screening allows for high throughput testing of potential tuberculosis drugs while capturing more information per compound in a physiologically relevant context.
authors.affiliation: TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Alyssa J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.affiliation: TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ovechkina
authors.affiliation: TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGillivray
authors.affiliation: TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.affiliation: TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA. Electronic address: tanya.parish@idri.org.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid
keywords: Drug discovery; Fluorescence; High content microscopy; Tuberculosis