title: Stem cells applications in bone and tooth repair and regeneration: New insights, tools, and hopes.
abstract: The exploration of stem and progenitor cells holds promise for advancing our understanding of the biology of tissue repair and regeneration mechanisms after injury. This will also help in the future use of stem cell therapy for the development of regenerative medicine approaches for the treatment of different tissue-species defects or disorders such as bone, cartilages, and tooth defects or disorders. Bone is a specialized connective tissue, with mineralized extracellular components that provide bones with both strength and rigidity, and thus enable bones to function in body mechanical supports and necessary locomotion process. New insights have been added to the use of different types of stem cells in bone and tooth defects over the last few years. In this concise review, we briefly describe bone structure as well as summarize recent research progress and accumulated information regarding the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, as well as stem cell contributions to bone repair/regeneration, bone defects or disorders, and both restoration and regeneration of bones and cartilages. We also discuss advances in the osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration of dental and periodontal stem cells as well as in stem cell contributions to dentine regeneration and tooth engineering.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Eiman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdel Meguid
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Research Centre, School of Basic Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yuehai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Research Centre, School of Basic Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.|University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang University Institute (UoE- ZJU Institute).|Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Ahmed H K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-4056
authors.initials: AHK
authors.lastname: El-Hashash
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014070:Tooth / Q000166:cytology
keywords: bone; regeneration and engineering; stem cells; tissue repair; tooth