title: Research and therapeutics-traditional and emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: This review summarizes traditional and emerging therapies for SLE. Evidence suggests that the heterogeneity of SLE is a crucial aspect contributing to the failure of large clinical trials for new targeted therapies. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms driving disease pathogenesis combined with recent advances in medical science are predicted to enable accelerated progress towards improved SLE diagnosis and personalized approaches to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
authors.forename: Laurie S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.|Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reimold
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069549:Ustekinumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014807:Vitamin D; C448700:epratuzumab; D000069283:Rituximab; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; C511911:belimumab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000069549:Ustekinumab; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; C502936:tocilizumab; C524618:TACI receptor-IgG Fc fragment fusion protein; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: B cells; biological therapies; clinical trials and methods; immunotherapy; systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmunity