title: Fungicide Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 extract induces reactive oxygen species and activates multidrug resistance system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: To investigate antifungal potential of Xylaria sp. BIOTEC culture collection (BCC) 1067 extract against the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  
  
  
  Antifungal property of extract, reactive oxygen species levels and cell survival were determined, using selected deletion strains.
  
  
  
  Extract showed promising antifungal effect with minimal inhibitory concentration100and minimal fungicidal concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/l, respectively. Strong synergy was observed with fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.185 for the combination of 60.0 and 0.5 mg/l of extract and ketoconazole, respectively. Extract-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in some oxidant-prone strains and mediated plasma membrane rupture. Antioxidant regulator Yap1, efflux transporter Pdr5 and ascorbate were pivotal to protect S. cerevisiae from extract cytotoxicity.
  
  
  
  Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 extract is a potentially valuable source of novel antifungals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources & Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pichayada
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somboon
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources & Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Attaporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poonsawad
authors.affiliation: Pilot Plant & Development Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Songsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wattanachaisaereekul
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Laran T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources & Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.|Pilot Plant & Development Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supapon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheevadhanarak
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources & Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nitnipa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soontorngun
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026141:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013098:Xylariales / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Pdr5; ROS; S. cerevisiae; Xylaria; Yap1; antifungals; drug resistance; fungi; natural product; oxidative stress response