title: Restraint Use in Older Adults Receiving Home Care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence, types, frequency, and duration of restraint use in older adults receiving home nursing care and to determine factors involved in the decision-making process for restraint use and application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of restraint use in older adults receiving home care completed by primary care nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Homes of older adults receiving care from a home nursing organization in Belgium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized sample of older adults receiving home care (N = 6,397; mean age 80.6; 66.8% female).
  
  
  METHODS
  For each participant, nurses completed an investigator-constructed and -validated questionnaire collecting information demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics and aspects of restraint use. A broad definition of restraint was used that includes a range of restrictive actions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restraints were used in 24.7% of the participants, mostly on a daily basis (85%) and often for a long period (54.5%, 24 h/d). The most common reason for restraint use was safety (50.2%). Other reasons were that the individual wanted to remain at home longer, which necessitated the use of restraints (18.2%) and to provide respite for the informal caregiver (8.6%). The latter played an important role in the decision and application process. The physician was less involved in the process. In 64.5% of cases, there was no evaluation after restraint use was initiated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of restraints is common in older adults receiving home care nursing in Belgium. These results contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of use of restraints in home care, a situation that may be even more complex than in nursing homes and acute hospital settings.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Wit-Gele Kruis van Vlaanderen, Brussels, Belgium.|Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheepmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dierckx de Casterlé
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Wit-Gele Kruis van Vlaanderen, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paquay
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Wit-Gele Kruis van Vlaanderen, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Gansbeke
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.|Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Milisen
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium; D017028:Caregivers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064691:Nurses, Community Health / Q000523:psychology*; D061214:Patient Safety; D015995:Prevalence; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: decision-making process; home care nursing; older adults; prevalence; restraints