title: Exopolymeric substances from drinking water biofilms: Dynamics of production and relation with disinfection by products.
abstract: Exopolymeric substances (EPS) as an external matrix of biofilm could react with disinfectants in drinking water networks forming disinfection by-products (DBP). Based on an experimental setup using two chlorine conditions-biofilm 1 (2.6 ± 0.8 mgCl/L) and biofilm 2 (0.7 ± 0.2 mg Cl/L)-samples of biofilms were recovered during 9 campaigns and EPS were extracted. Analyses of SUVA, fluorescence and amino acid (AA) content were carried out on the EPS to observe variation over time and correlations with DBP formation potential (DBPfp) after chlorination. SUVA values were under 2 L/mgC*m showing that both EPS were hydrophilic. Slightly higher SUVA in biofilm 2 with low variation over time was observed. Fluorescence showed that aromatic proteins and fulvic like substances were the principal components and increased in biofilm 1 over time. AA decreased with time, and higher values of alanine, threonine, proline and isoleucine were observed in biofilm 2. Based on general associations, the SUVA of biofilm 2 correlated well with chloroform (CF) (r = 0.80). Generally, in both biofilms, tryptophan-like substances were negatively correlated with DBP while humic acid-like substances correlated positively, but with low indexes (r = 0.3-0.6). Correlations of data from individual sampling increased the indices (r over 0.8), suggesting a temporal influence of other factors on DBPfpsuch as inorganics, filtered water and the structural composition of EPS. In biofilm 1, Br-haloacetic acids (Br-HAA), dibromoacetonitrile and bromochloro acetonitrile were inversely associated with arginine and valine, as were di and trichloropropanone to arginine. On the contrary, in biofilm 2, the following amino acids correlated positively with DBP: alanine with Br-HAA, alanine with CF, alanine with N-DBP (chloropicrin, di and tri-chloro acetonitrile), and valine with CF. As this is the first report about the relation between temporal variation of EPS and DBPfpof biofilms in two different chlorinated conditions, it provides new evidence about the function of these complex substances in drinking water systems.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lemus Pérez
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Electronic address: manuel-r@uniandes.edu.co.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Susa
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D002713:Chlorine; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000378:metabolism; D004203:Disinfection; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D060766:Drinking Water; D002713:Chlorine
keywords: Amino acids; Biofilms; Disinfection by products; Exopolymeric substances; Fluorescence