title: Validation of QuEChERS based method for determination of fenitrothion residues in tomatoes by gas chromatography-flame photometric detector: Decline pattern and risk assessment.
abstract: A simple and rapid gas chromatography with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) determination method was developed to detect residue levels and investigate the dissipation pattern and safe use of fenitrothion in tomatoes. A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) using an ethyl acetate-based extraction, followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with primary-secondary amine (PSA) and graphite carbon black (GCB) for clean up, was applied prior to GC-FPD analysis. The method showed satisfactory linearity, recovery and precision. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.01mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels of fenitrothion were best described by first order kinetics with a half-life of 2.2days in tomatoes. The potential health risks posed by fenitrothion were not significant, based on supervised residue trial data. The current findings could provide guidance for safe and reasonable use of fenitrothion in tomatoes and prevent health problems to consumers.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt; Tokyo University of Agricultural and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8581, Japan. Electronic address: farag_malhat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farag
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malhat
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agricultural and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boulangé
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdelraheem
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abd Allah
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abd El-Hamid
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shokr
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abd El-Salam
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005278:Fenitrothion / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D005278:Fenitrothion
keywords: Dissipation; Fenitrothion; GC-FPD; Residues; Risk assessment