title: A comparison of fat-soluble antioxidants in wild and farm-reared chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar).
abstract: This study assessed differences in antioxidant (carotenoid, retinol, retinol-ester, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10) composition of egg yolk and tissue in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) newly hatched from eggs of birds maintained in captivity on commercial maize-soybean based diets and birds from the wild whose diet was obtained from the natural environment. All eggs were incubated in a commercial hatchery. Day-old chicks from both groups were sacrificed and dissected for antioxidant analysis. Fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of egg yolk and tissues were determined by HPLC. Total carotenoids, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and total vitamin E concentration of wild egg yolks were significantly higher compared to yolks from farm-reared birds (p<0.05). However, gamma tocopherol, and coenzyme Q10were not significantly different in the yolks of either wild or farmed birds (p>0.05). The concentration of total carotenoids in all tissues of wild chukar one-day old partridges was significantly higher than in farmed one-day old chukar partridge tissues (p<0.05). Alpha tocopherol, free-retinol, retinol-esters and total vitamin A were significantly higher in most tissues of wild chukar when compared to farmed chicks (p<0.05). Coenzyme Q10concentrations of heart, kidney and brain tissues of farm-reared chukar day old chicks were significantly higher than tissues from wild birds, although leg and breast tissues of wild chicks were significantly higher than in farmed birds (p<0.05). These findings suggest that maternal access to antioxidants in the diet of farmed chukar partridges could positively influence fat soluble antioxidant concentrations in the egg yolk and tissues of day old chicks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey. Electronic address: fkaradas@yyu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karadas
authors.affiliation: Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Agro Paris Tech, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anders Pape
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Reşit
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karageçili
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000378:metabolism; D000072480:Farms; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D046094:Galliformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005223:Fats; D014801:Vitamin A; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; C024989:coenzyme Q10; C025204:Ubiquinone Q2
keywords: Antioxidant; Carotenoid; Chukar partridges; Coenzyme Q(10); Newly hatched; Reared; Retinol-esters; Vitamin A, E; Wild