title: Influence of expectations plus mobilization with movement in patient with lateral epicondylalgia: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of expectations plus mobilization with movement (MWM) in kinesiophobia, perceived disability and sensorimotor variables in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. A pilot randomized controlled trial in 24 patients with lateral epicondylalgia was conducted. Perceived pain, pain-free grip strength, pressure pain detection threshold, kinesiophobia measured with the short version of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, perceived disability of the upper limb measured with disability of the arm, hand and shoulder questionnaire, and perceived disability specifically for the elbow joint measured with patient-rating tennis elbow evaluation, and also satisfaction were assessed. Participants were randomized to receive written instructions in order to create positive expectations regarding the technique in one group (n=12) or neutral expectations in the other one (n=12). All patients were treated for three sessions with the MWM technique. Measures were recorded before and after treatment. The effect size was calculated by Rosenthal "r" for nonparametrical tests. There were no significant statistical differences (P>0.05) between groups after receiving the treatment for none of the physical analyzed variables. The Wilcoxon test showed statistically significant changes in kinesiophobia (Z=-2.278,r=0.47,P=0.023) and perceived disability (Z= -2.934,r=0.61,P=0.003) within positive expectations group. In conclusion this pilot study shows that a positive expectation almost given in a sealed envelope before treatment plus MWM produced changes in kinesiophobia and perceived disability in the immediate term, in patients with lateral epicondylalgia.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapist at Algemesí, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Francisco Vicente
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cervera
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Rehabilitación Funcional, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Theodor Emanuel
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Olteanu
authors.affiliation: Departament of Physical Therapy, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Fisioterapia, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Díaz-Pulido
authors.affiliation: Departament of Physical Therapy, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Motion in Brains Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Salud Entrevías, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrer-Peña
keywords: Musculoskeletal manipulations; Musculoskeletal pain; Placeboeffect; Tennis elbow