title: Bovine Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Reduces Inflammation After Induction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been increasing evidence suggesting that lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin may be an important activator of the innate immune system after acute myocardial infarction. Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase reduces inflammation in several endotoxin mediated diseases by dephosphorylation of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase on reducing inflammation after acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Just before permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary (LAD) artery to induce acute myocardial infarction in Balb/c mice, bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (bIAP) was administrated intravenously. After 4 hours, mice were sacrificed and the inflammatory response was assessed. Acute myocardial infarction induced the production of different cytokines, which were measured in blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase resulted in a significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and the chymase mouse mast cell protease-1. No difference in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed between the control group and the bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a mouse model of permanent LAD coronary artery ligation, bIAP diminishes the pro-inflammatory responses but does not have an effect on the anti-inflammatory response in the acute phase after acute myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiechter
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kats
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brands
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Middelaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasterkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Kleijn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seinen
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Alkaline phosphatase; Inflammatory response; Lipopolysaccharide