title: The impact of frailty on depressive disorder in later life: Findings from the Netherlands Study of depression in older persons.
abstract: Physical frailty and depressive symptoms are reciprocally related in community-based studies, but its prognostic impact on depressive disorder remains unknown.
  
  
  
  A cohort of 378 older persons (≥60 years) suffering from a depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria) was reassessed at two-year follow-up. Depressive symptom severity was assessed every six months with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, including a mood, motivational, and somatic subscale. Frailty was assessed according to the physical frailty phenotype at the baseline examination.
  
  
  
  For each additional frailty component, the odds of non-remission was 1.24 [95% CI=1.01-1.52] (P=040). Linear mixed models showed that only improvement of the motivational (P<001) subscale and the somatic subscale (P=003) of the IDS over time were dependent on the frailty severity.
  
  
  
  Physical frailty negatively impacts the course of late-life depression. Since only improvement of mood symptoms was independent of frailty severity, one may hypothesize that frailty and residual depression are easily mixed-up in psychiatric treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: rose.collard@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Collard
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center Friesland, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H L
authors.initials: MHL
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schene
authors.affiliation: GGNet, Department of Old-age Psychiatry, Apeldoorn/Zutphen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naarding
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Oude Voshaar
authors.affiliation: GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department Psychiatry/EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Comijs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000523:psychology*; D000073496:Frailty / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Depression; Frailty; Netherlands study of depression in older persons; Older persons