title: Passive smoking and stroke in men and women: a national population-based case-control study in China.
abstract: An association between passive smoking and stroke is unclear in China, particularly the association with hemorrhagic stroke. This study included 16205 deaths due to stroke aged ≥30 years and 16205 non-stroke controls randomly selected and frequency-matched to cases on gender and age. Smoking of spouses, defined as ≥1 cigarette per day for up to 1 year, was taken as a measure of exposure to passive smoking of subjects that was retrospectively ascertained by interviewing surviving spouses. After adjustment for variables, passive smoking increased the risk of death by 10% (odds ratio (OR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.16) for all strokes, by 10% (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.16) for hemorrhagic stroke, and by 12% (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23) for ischemic stroke, compared with non-exposure. This finding was highly consistent in men or women and in smokers or non-smokers, and was generally consistent among zones of China despite geographic diversity. The risk significantly increased with exposure-years and quantity of cigarettes smoked daily by spouses. This study indicated that passive smoking is associated with deaths from all-type strokes. It is highly advisable for the government to promote strong tobacco prevention and cessation programs and smoke-free environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.|National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Boqi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaonong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zixing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yaoda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018454:Spouses; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution