title: In VitroActivity of Pexiganan and 10 Comparator Antimicrobials against 234 Isolates, Including 93 Pasteurella Species and 50 Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Animal Bite Wounds.
abstract: Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of physician office visits. Various forms of topical therapy are empirically self-employed by many patients prior to seeking medical attention. Pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic analogue of the peptide magainin II, acts by selectively damaging bacterial cell membranes. We determined the MICs for pexiganan and other antimicrobial agents often used for treatment of bite wounds. Most isolates were from U.S. patients, and ∼10% were from European and Canadian patients. The comparator antimicrobials studied were penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, and metronidazole. The MIC90s of pexiganan were 32 μg/ml (againstPasteurella multocidasubsp.multocida), 16 μg/ml (P. multocidasubsp.septica,Pasteurella canis, andPasteurella dagmatis), 8 μg/ml (Pasteurella stomatis), 8 μg/ml (Eikenella corrodens), 2 μg/ml (Neisseria weaveri,Neisseria zoodegmatis, andMoraxella canis-Moraxella lacunatagroup), 16 μg/ml (Bergeyella zoohelcum), 64 μg/ml (Bacteroides pyogenes), 4 μg/ml (Fusobacterium russii), 32 μg/ml (Fusobacterium canifelinum), and 64 μg/ml (Prevotella heparinolytica). The concentration of pexiganan in the cream used was 8,000 μg/ml, more than 60 to 100 times the highest MIC obtained. Pexiganan exhibited a broad range of antimicrobial activity, showing potential for treating animal bite infections. A clinical trial seems warranted.
authors.affiliation: R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Culver City, California, USA ejcgmd@aol.com.|David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles California, USA.
authors.forename: Ellie J C
authors.initials: EJC
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Culver City, California, USA.
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Citron
authors.affiliation: R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Culver City, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kerin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.affiliation: R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Culver City, California, USA.
authors.forename: Eliza S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Leoncio
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000382:microbiology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069349:Linezolid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077731:Meropenem; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D010406:Penicillins; D013845:Thienamycins; D008795:Metronidazole; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D002981:Clindamycin; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000077731:Meropenem; D000069349:Linezolid; D004318:Doxycycline; C093828:pexiganan; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010878:Piperacillin
keywords: Eikenella; Fusobacterium russii; Pasteurella; Prevotella heparinolytica; animal bites; pexiganan; susceptibility