title: κ-Carrageenan Enhances the Biomineralization and Osteogenic Differentiation of Electrospun Polyhydroxybutyrate and Polyhydroxybutyrate Valerate Fibers.
abstract: Novel electrospun materials for bone tissue engineering were obtained by blending biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxybutyrate valerate (PHBV) with the anionic sulfated polysaccharide κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) in varying ratios. In both systems, the two components phase separated as shown by FTIR, DSC and TGA. According to the contact angle data, κ-CG was localized preferentially at the fiber surface in PHBV/κ-CG blends in contrast to PHB/κ-CG, where the biopolymer was mostly found within the fiber. In contrast to the neat polyester fibers, the blends led to the formation of much smaller apatite crystals (800 nm vs 7 μm). According to the MTT assay, NIH3T3 cells grew in higher density on the blend mats in comparison to neat polyester mats. The osteogenic differentiation potential of the fibers was determined by SaOS-2 cell culture for 2 weeks. Alizarin red-S staining suggested an improved mineralization on the blend fibers. Thus, PHBV/κ-CG fibers resulted in more pronounced bioactive and osteogenic properties, including fast apatite-forming ability and deposition of nanosized apatite crystals.
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.|Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius , MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Nowsheen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goonoo
authors.affiliation: Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khanbabaee
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steuber
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius , MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhaw-Luximon
authors.affiliation: Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ullrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius , MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Dhanjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jhurry
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-5569
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schönherr
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D000091402:Prohibitins; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002351:Carrageenan; D011091:Polyesters; D000091402:Prohibitins; C000717328:PHB protein, human; C052620:poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate); D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates