title: Effects of dehydration methods on quality characteristics of yellow passion fruit co-products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The production and processing of fruits generate a large amount of residues, which are usually disposed of or under-used, representing losses of raw material and energy. The present paper investigates the effect of four dehydration techniques (convective, infrared, microwave and freeze-drying) on yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) co-products and the influence of the main variables on moisture removal and bioactive compounds. The compounds analyzed were total phenolics, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid and pectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The content of phenolics and flavonoids increased after dehydration in all techniques investigated and the process temperatures directly affected the ascorbic acid content. Microwave dehydration showed the best results for most bioactive compounds analyzed, if performed in suitable process conditions. However, the highest levels of pectin content were obtained by freeze-drying and convective dehydration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reinforces the importance of the adequate use of passion fruit co-products due to the high levels of bioactive compounds in this material. Microwave dehydration presented the best results, which indicates the potential use of this technique for a better exploitation of fruit co-products. Larger quantities of pectin were extracted from samples dehydrated through methodologies with long-time process and low temperatures, such as convective drying and freeze-drying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neiton C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos As
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barrozo
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D018481:Convection; D003890:Desiccation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D029598:Passiflora; D010368:Pectins / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010368:Pectins; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: co-products; dehydration; drying; passion fruit