title: The French Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The psychometric properties of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) have been shown to be accurate, even when translated into several languages. The aim of the present study was to translate, adapt, and validate the SDSC for a French-speaking population.
  
  
  METHODS
  After forward- and back-translation, the tool was further translated and adapted into the French language. It was then pretested in terms of clarity on 33 French-speaking parents. Pretesting demonstrated that the questionnaire was well understood, indicating good clarity. During the validation phase, a total of 447 French-speaking parents of children aged between 4 and 16  years completed the SDSC. Among these, 66 children were diagnosed with sleep disorders by a pediatric specialist after a sleep consultation and polysomnographic recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factor analysis revealed five factors: difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), sleep breathing disorders (SBD), disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES), parasomnias (PARA) and non-restorative sleep (NRS). This psychometric structure is reliable and logical in comparison with the experts' diagnoses. Convergent validity, divergent and internal reliability are very good. Inter-parental concordance in scoring the child's sleep problem does show differences in the ways in which parents report their children's sleep patterns. Cut-off was calculated for the total score (45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study validated a 25-item French version of the questionnaire. The French SDSC could therefore be used to aid screening of sleep disorders in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Formation Universitaire à Distance Suisse, Study Centre of Sierre, Sierre, Switzerland. Electronic address: benjamin.putois@unidistance.ch.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Putois
authors.affiliation: Clinical Health Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Londonderry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutic and Biological Sciences, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marie Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gustin
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Josèphe
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Challamel
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raoux
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guignard-Perret
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weick
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sauzeau
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Herbillon
authors.affiliation: Formation Universitaire à Distance Suisse, Study Centre of Sierre, Sierre, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Filio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zourou
authors.affiliation: GKC-Rett Expertise Center - MHeNS, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spruyt
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
keywords: Children; French adaptation; Questionnaire; Sleep; Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children; Validation