title: Immunostimulatory effect of aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum L. seed on macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coriandrum sativum L. seed is generally used as a spice and crude drug. Although many functions of the various components in C. sativum L. seed have been reported, the immunostimulatory effect of water-soluble components in C. sativum L. seed has not been studied. In the present study, we focused on the immunostimulatory effect of C. sativum L. seed aqueous extract (CAE) on macrophages as a novel health function of C. sativum L. seed components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAE significantly enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in both RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages by enhancing the expression levels of these cytokine genes. CAE also stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and the phagocytosis activity in RAW264.7 cells. We suggest that the activity of CAE is a result of the upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB cascades via TLR4. In addition, IL-6 production by peritoneal macrophages collected from CAE-administered mice was significantly enhanced, suggesting that CAE could stimulate macrophage activity in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggest that CAE contains a novel water-soluble component with an immunostimulatory effect on macrophages. CAE would contribute to activating host defense against pathogens by stimulating the innate immunity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.|Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-8465
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Nanami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kunihiro
authors.affiliation: Research and Analysis Center, S&B Foods Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.|Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.|South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D028526:Coriandrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Coriandrum sativum L; RAW264.7 cells; immunostimulatory effect; peritoneal macrophages; phagocytosis activity