title: Clinical and manometric characteristics of patients with Parkinson's disease and esophageal symptoms.
abstract: Dysphagia is a common problem in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); its etiology is multifactorial and its management is challenging. In this retrospective cohort analysis using prospectively collected data, we aimed to objectively characterize dysphagia and/or other esophageal symptoms in patients with PD, assess the prevalence of outflow obstruction as well as major or minor disorders of esophageal peristalsis leading to impaired esophageal clearance and highlight objective parameters that can help in the current management algorithm. Thirty-three consecutive patients with PD presenting with dysphagia, odynophagia, heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss underwent clinical and functional evaluation by high-resolution manometry (HRM). Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction and major as well as minor disorders of peristalsis were then assessed using the Chicago classification (v3). Thirty-three PD patients with esophageal symptoms were enrolled in the study; 12 of them reported weight loss that was considered as potentially reflecting underlying esophageal dysfunction. The median age of the patients was 70 years (range: 53-89 years), 24 (75%) were men. The majority (62%) experienced dysphagia, likely contributing to weight loss in 41% of patients. Odynophagia was rare (6%) while GER symptoms, such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain were noted in 37%, 31%, and 28% of patients, respectively. Using the hierarchy of the Chicago classification, 12 patients (39%) exhibited EGJ outflow obstruction, 16 (48%) diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), 18 (55%), ineffective esophageal peristalsis (IEM), 16 (48%) fragmented peristalsis, and only 2 patients (6%) had normal HRM tracings. There were no patients with HRM features of achalasia. Dysphagia is common in patients with PD and is associated with a high prevalence of underlying motility disturbances as identified by HRM. The exact impact of these motility abnormalities on symptom induction and their role in influencing clinical management are unclear and will require further study.
authors.affiliation: Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: The Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gandhy
authors.affiliation: The Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.affiliation: Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.|Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Stanford Multidimensional Program for Innovation and Research in the Esophagus (S-MPIRE), Stanford CA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Triadafilopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019468:Disease Management; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006356:Heartburn / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D057045:Laryngopharyngeal Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Parkinson's disease; benign esophageal diseases; dysphagia; esophageal motility; esophagogastric junction