title: Assessing the impact of diabetes on quality of life: validation of the Chinese version of the 19-item Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life for Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the 19-item Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life for Taiwan (ADDQoL-CnTW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Linguistic validation procedures for patient-reported outcome measures were used to translate the Taiwan version from the original 19-item UK-English ADDQoL. The psychometric properties of the ADDQoL-CnTW were evaluated in a convenience sample, recruited from outpatient facilities, of 260 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The forced one-factor solution supported one general 19-item factor with all items loading above 0.43, accounting for 51.5% of the variance, although the results of confirmatory factory analysis did not strictly adhere to a one-factor structure. Using Kaiser's Criterion, exploratory factor analysis identified four sub-dimensions but the pattern of loading also confirmed the presence of a large general factor with 11 of 19 items loading ≥0.4 on the first component, accounting for 49.73% of the variance. Internal consistency for the entire scale was 0.94. Convergent and discriminant validity were suggested by a stronger correlation of average weighted impact (AWI) scores with the overview Diabetes-specific QoL item than with the Present QoL item. The Present QoL item correlated better with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF(TW) dimension scores than the Diabetes-specific QoL scores or the AWI scores. Insulin-treated patients reported significantly more negative AWI scores and Diabetes-specific QoL scores than those treated with tablets and/or diet, demonstrating known-groups validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADDQoL-CnTW revealed excellent internal consistency reliability, and showed evidence of validity for use in Taiwanese people with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No.306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huey-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Health Psychology Research Unit, Orchard Building, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tien-Jyun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lee-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei Chang
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life; diabetes; quality of life; reliability; validity