title: Cerium negatively impacts the nutritional status in rapeseed.
abstract: Cerium (Ce) has been reported to be both beneficial and harmful to plants. This contradiction deserves explanation in the light of increased anthropogenic release of Ce in the environment. Ce tolerance and accumulation were evaluated in hydroponically cultivated Brassica napus L. (rapeseed). Ce and other nutrient concentrations were measured with increasing Ce concentration in the nutrient solution. Moreover, Ce and calcium (Ca) accumulation were evaluated at different Ca and Ce concentrations in nutrient solution and a Michaelis-Menten type inhibition model considering Ce and Ca competition was tested. Plants were also sprayed with Ce solution in Ca-deficient media. Ce decreased the growth and root function, which affected shoot nutritional status. Calcium was the most severely inhibited nutrient in both roots and shoots. High Ca concentrations in the nutrient solution inhibited Ce accumulation in a non-competitive way. Moreover, phosphorus (P) precipitated Ce inside root cells. Ce spraying did not alleviate Ca deficiency symptoms and the results were critically compared to the available literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy. Electronic address: filip.poscic@krs.hr.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pošćić
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schat
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchiol
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002563:Cerium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Brassica napus (rapeseed); Calcium; Cerium; Competition; Excluder strategy; Phosphorus