title: Prognostic value of peripheral leukocyte counts and plasma glucose in intracerebral haemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of routine blood markers as prognostic indicators is increasingly established in acute ischaemic stroke. The relationship is less well defined in haemorrhagic stroke. In this study, we examined routine admission blood markers and applied a logistic regression model to predict outcome in haemorrhagic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed between September 2009-2011 in a general admission stroke unit in the UK. 1400 patients were admitted with stroke during this period, of which 117 were haemorrhagic. Admission systolic and diastolic blood pressure, venous blood samples and pre- and post-morbid (i.e. at discharge or death) modified Rankin scores were also recorded. Patients were controlled for age, sex, smoking status, hypertension status and co-morbidities (using Charleson Comorbidity Index scores). Logistic regression models were generated using SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  113 patients were analysed (58 male/55 female). Lower admission blood glucose (p=0.009), lower total leukocyte count (p=0.001) and lower neutrophil count (p=0.021) were found to be significantly associated with survival vs. death. 90 patients with complete glucose, leukocyte count, sex (forced) and pre-morbid Rankin score (forced) data were entered into a logistic regression model. This predicted correct group membership (survived/deceased) in 72.2% of cases (83.9% survivors/52.9% deceased correctly predicted). In females with normal leukocyte count and glucose, survival was predicted with 68% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a logistic regression model using low admission glucose and low total leukocyte count may be markers of better prognosis in acute haemorrhagic stroke with a differential effect between sexes.
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kayhanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Weerasuriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Stroke Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn, UK.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: ay276@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A M H
authors.initials: AMH
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Glucose; Haemorrhage; Leukocyte; Outcome; Stroke