title: Estimation of health state utilities in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine the utility of breast cancer health states using the standard gamble (SG) and visual analog scale (VAS) methods in the Korean general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hypothetical breast cancer health states were developed based on patient education material and previous publications. Data from 509 individuals from the Korean general population were used to evaluate breast cancer health states using the VAS and the SG methods, which were obtained via computer-assisted personal interviews. Mean utility values were calculated for each human papillomavirus (HPV)-related health state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rank of health states was identical between two valuation methods. SG values were higher than VAS values in all health states. The utility values derived from SG were 0.801 (noninvasive breast cancer with mastectomy and followed by reconstruction), 0.790 (noninvasive breast cancer with mastectomy only), 0.779 (noninvasive breast cancer with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy), 0.731 (invasive breast cancer with surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy), 0.610 (locally advanced breast cancer with radical mastectomy with radiation therapy), 0.587 (inoperable locally advanced breast cancer), 0.496 (loco-regional recurrent breast cancer), and 0.352 (metastatic breast cancer).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings might be useful for economic evaluation of breast cancer screening and interventions in general populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan.
authors.forename: Seon-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.
authors.forename: Min-Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.
authors.forename: Minsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ock
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Korea; breast neoplasm; quality of life; quality-adjusted life years