title: Panel 5: Immunology.
abstract: Objective To perform a state-of-the-art review of the literature from January 2012 through May 2015 on studies that advanced our knowledge of the innate and adaptive immunology related to otitis media. This review also proposes future directions for research in this area. Data Sources PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review Methods Three subpanels comprising experts in the field focused on sections relevant to cytokines, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity. The review focused on animal, cell line, and human studies and was critical in relation to the recommendations from the previous publication and for determination of the proposed goals and priorities. The panel met at the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2015 to consolidate its prior search results and discuss, plan, and refine the review. The panel approved the final draft. Conclusion From 2012 to 2014, tremendous progresses in immunology of otitis media were established-especially in the areas of innate immunity associated with the pathogenesis of otitis media. Implications for Practice The advances of the past 4 years formed the basis for a series of short- and long-term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media, especially for recurrent otitis media.
authors.affiliation: 1 Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennelle M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kyd
authors.affiliation: 2 Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotomi
authors.affiliation: 2 Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: 3 University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Arwa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurabi
authors.affiliation: 4 Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichichero
authors.affiliation: 3 University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: 5 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: W Edward
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Swords
authors.affiliation: 6 University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thornton
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: cytokines; immunity; inflammation; otitis media