title: Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the status of cognitive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with hypospadias who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both, the study and control groups consisted of young males. Although the study group had a longer P300 latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant (p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the results are not statistically significant, our findings indicate that there may be cognitive changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.
authors.affiliation: GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim Hastanesi, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tekeli
authors.affiliation: Gölcük Asker Hastanesi, Department of Urology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koçoğlu
authors.affiliation: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Department of Urology, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cabir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alan
authors.affiliation: Okmeydani Education and Research Hospital Neurology Clinic Kaptanpasa Mahallesi Darülaceze Street No: 25 ZIP Code: 34384, Sisli, Istanbul, TURKEyOkmeydanı Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Department of Neurology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Emir
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tavşanlı
authors.affiliation: Ankara Mevki Asker Hastanesi, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yaşar
authors.affiliation: GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim Hastanesi, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malkoç
authors.affiliation: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Department of Neurology., Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Tansel
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kendirli
authors.affiliation: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Department of Neurology., Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ceyda Hayretdağ
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Örs
authors.affiliation: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Department of Urology, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Reşit
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ersay
authors.affiliation: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Department of Neurology., Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Handan Işın Özışık
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Karaman
keywords: Cognition; Event Related Potentials-P300; Hypospadias