title: Heat shock transcription factor 1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed primary malignancy of bone and its overall survival rate is still very low. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of osteosarcoma have not been clearly illuminated. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is a key regulator of the heat shock response and also plays important roles in many cancers, but its function in osteosarcoma remains unexplored.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and colony formation assays. Transwell assays were used to demonstrate the migration and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells. A tumour formation assay in a nude mouse model was performed to assess the effect of HSF1 on osteosarcoma cell growth in vivo. The protein levels of HSF1 were analysed with immunohistochemical staining in samples from osteosarcoma patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that knockdown of HSF1 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, while overexpression of HSF1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, HSF1 promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. In addition, high levels of HSF1 were associated with a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight an important role of HSF1 in proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, the expression of HSF1 was associated with prognosis in osteosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianru
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-2655
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C000619706:HSF1 protein, human; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: heat shock transcription factor 1; invasion; migration; osteosarcoma; prognosis; proliferation