title: Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa envenomation in 109 dogs: A retrospective study.
abstract: Contact with the caterpillars of the pine processionary moth (CPPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa induces severe local allergic reactions. The purpose of this large-scale retrospective cohort-study was to describe the clinical manifestations and related risk factors of CPPM exposure. This cohort-study included 109 dogs between the years of 2000 and 2016. Tongue lesions ranging from oedema to severe necrosis were observed in 94/109 dogs (86%). The following systemic signs were observed in 60/109 dogs (55%): vomiting (52/109, 48%), dyspnoea (6/109, 5%), hypovolemia (4/109, 4%) and diarrhoea (2/109, 2%). Based on the time elapsed from CPPM contact to the first oral flushing, three groups were defined: <2 h (group 1, 37/105, 35%), 2 h-6 h (group 2, 39/105, 37%) and >6 h (group 3, 29/105, 28%). Tongue necrosis (TN) at admission was significantly more common in the dogs in group 3 than those in groups 1 and 2 (45% vs. 5% and 5% respectively, p = 0.0002). In addition, the development of TN during hospitalisation was significantly more common in the dogs in group 3 (65%) than in those in the other groups (21% in group 1, p = 0.02) and 31% in group 2, p = 0.001). The dogs in group 3 presented a 14.63-fold higher risk of TN at admission and a 3.78-fold higher risk of developing necrosis during hospitalisation compared with the other groups. The survival rate after exposure was 97%. Long-term follow-up data were available for 69/109 dogs (63%). Twenty-three dogs (37%) had persistent, definitive TN without major consequences on quality of life. Elapsed time between contact and first oral flushing appears to be a key determinant for the progression of necrotic lesions, and the best results were observed when flushing occurred within 6 h of contact. The prognosis of CPPM envenomation is excellent, with a short hospitalisation duration.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: celine.pouzotnevoret@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pouzot-Nevoret
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: maxime.cambournac@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cambournac
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: amandine.voile@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Violé
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: isabelle.goy-thollot@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goy-Thollot
authors.affiliation: UMR INRA VetAgro Sup EPIA, Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: gilles.bourdoiseau@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bourdoiseau
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: anthony.barthelemy@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barthélemy
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000276:immunology*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D014581:Urticaria / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens
keywords: Envenomation; Lepidopterism; Pine processionary caterpillars; Ptyalism; Tongue necrosis