title: Spatialization of Brazilian pig production: relationship between productive, physical, environmental, and socio-economic variables.
abstract: Brazilian pig production spans over a large territory encompassing regions of different climatic and socio-economic realities. Production, physical, socio-economic, and environmental data were used to characterize pig production in the country. Multivariate analysis evaluated indices including number productivity, production levels, and income from pigs, together with the average area of pig farm and socio-economic variables such as municipal human development index, technical guidance received from agricultural cooperatives and industrial companies, number of family farms, and offtake; and finally, environmental variables: latitude, longitude, annual temperature range, solar radiation index, as well as temperature and humidity index. The Southern region has the largest herd, number of pigs sold/sow, and offtake rate (p < 0.05), followed by the Midwest and Southeast. No significant correlations were seen between production rates and productivity with the socio-economic and environmental variables in the regions of Brazil. Production indexes, productivity, and offtake rate discriminated Northeast and Midwest and Northeast and Southeast regions. The Northern region, with a large area, has few and far-between farms that rear pigs for subsistence. The Northeast region has large herds, but low productivity. Number of slaughtered pigs has been variable over the past three decades, with few states responsible for maintaining high production in Brazil. However, the activity can be effective in any region of the country with technology and technical assistance adapted to regional characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, no 7712, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil. imellodasilva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Isabel C M
authors.initials: ICM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, no 7712, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bremm
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, no 7712, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathalia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, no 7712, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.|INCT-Pecuária (CNPq/FAPEMIG/MCT), Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio O J
authors.initials: JOJ
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, no 7712, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.|INCT-Pecuária (CNPq/FAPEMIG/MCT), Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braccini
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, no 7712, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cesconeto
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil.|INCT-Pecuária (CNPq/FAPEMIG/MCT), Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Concepta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McManus
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cluster; Multivariate analysis; Pigs; Productive indices