title: The Effect of Surgical Stress on Postoperative Tαβ and Tγδ Cell Distribution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was previously shown that appropriate distribution of immune cells between different tissues and organs of the body is required for proper function of the immune system. Our previous experiments demonstrated that surgical trauma in mice induces Tγδ lymphocyte migration from peripheral blood to peritoneal lymphoid organs. Tγδ cells have regulatory activity as they suppress the cell-mediated immune response in vitro via TGF-β. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the influence of surgery on both Taβ and Tγδ lymphocyte distribution in patients that underwent operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the percentage of Tαβ and Tγδ cells in peripheral blood of patients undergoing standard surgical procedures (gastric resection, colorectal resection, cholecystectomy, and strumectomy) before and 3 days after operation. The percentage of Tαβ and Tγδ cells was evaluated by FACS Canto II cytofluorimeter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that only major surgery located in the peritoneal cavity (gastric and colorectal surgery) decreases the percentage of Tγδ cells in peripheral blood as opposed to less traumatic surgery (strumectomy and cholecystectomy) which does not have such effect. However, significant reduction of Tγδ cells after operation was only observed in a group of patients that underwent gastrectomy. Additionally, we found that gastrectomy results in significant reduction of cumulative Tγδ CD4 and Tγδ CD25 lymphocyte counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery results in decreased percentage of Tγδ lymphocytes in peripheral human blood, and this correlates with the severity and location of the surgical trauma. This observation may help to predict postoperative recovery after gastroabdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anatomy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gryglewski
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Biology , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczepanik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000523:psychology; D003082:Colectomy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000523:psychology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059035:Perioperative Period / Q000523:psychology*; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; C508017:IL2RA protein, human; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
keywords: Immunosuppression; Tαβ lymphocytes; Tγδ lymphocytes; surgical stress