title: Association between acute gastrointestinal injury and biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in critically ill patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the associations of biomarkers of intestinal barrier function and other clinical variables with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grade, and of these clinical variables with mortality in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-center, observational, prospective study. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with AGI and underwent tests for the measurement of plasma levels of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-FABP), D-lactate (D-la), and lipopolysaccharide. General characteristics, AGI grades, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and 28-day mortality were recorded and compared among patients with different AGI grades.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 90 included patients, the APACHE II score, IAP, and LPS and D-la levels significantly differed between the four AGI grades. Multinomial logistic regression analysis with grade I as the reference for grades II, III, and IV revealed that high APACHE II scores increased the odds of AGI grade III (odds ratio [OR], 1.754; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.225-2.511) and grade IV (OR, 1.493; 95% CI, 1.079-2.066). Similarly, IAP increased the odds of AGI grade III (OR, 1.622; 95% CI, 1.111-2.369) and grade IV (OR, 1.518; 95% CI, 1.066-2.162). Elevated D-la increased the odds of AGI grades II (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.005-1.117), III (OR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.052-2.268), and IV (OR, 1.088; 95% CI, 1.013-1.168). In contrast, i-FABP and LPS did not increase the odds of any AGI grade. SOFA scores could independently predict the odds of death in AGI patients (OR, 1.223; 95% CI, 1.007-1.485).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGI patients exhibit loss of gastrointestinal barrier function, and D-la could serve as a better marker of AGI grade than i-FABP or lipopolysaccharide.
authors.affiliation: ICU, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Hongxiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: ICU, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ICU, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: ICU, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Yushan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: ICU, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China. zdjdyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010539:Permeability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Acute gastrointestinal injury; Biomarker; Grade; Hyperpermeability; Intestinal barrier function