title: First reported case ofCampylobacter lanienaeenteritis in a human.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Campylobacters are the most frequently identified bacteria causing diarrhoea in humans worldwide.Campylobacter lanienaewas isolated for the first time in 2000 from faecal samples of two asymptomatic abattoir workers in Switzerland during a routine hygiene screen, but has never been associated with human disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  At hospital admission, the patient reported diarrhoea, lower abdominal cramps, nausea, one episode of bilious vomiting and low-grade fever of 38 °C. The patient was having 10 or more diarrheic stools per day as well as during the night, and had noticed blood mixed with the stools on several occasions. Stool cultures were negative for species ofSalmonellaandShigella,Escherichia coliO157:H7 andYersinia enterocolitica, but were positive forC. lanienae. Identification was made by classical biochemical testing, as well as 16S rRNA gene andcpn60sequencing. The patient slowly improved without antibiotic treatment and was discharged nine days after admission with complete resolution of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the whole it seems very likely thatC. lanienaewas the causative agent. Clinical microbiologists should be aware of this micro-organism which can be identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The real burden ofC. lanienaeinfection in humans might be underestimated and should be further investigated as a potential cause of human diarrhoea disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec/Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lévesque
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke(CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lemay
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec/Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: Sadjia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bekal
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke(CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michaud
keywords: Campylobacter; campylobacteriosis; enteritis