title: Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Vitex agnus castus and Myrsine africana against clinical isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial pathogen that resides in the soft tissues causing many diseases. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in ear discharge and pus of patients and antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract (Cr. MeOH Ext.) and various fractions of M. Africana and V. agnus castus against clinical isolates of MRSA. A total of 40 samples were collected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) outpatient department and wards of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar. Out of 40 samples, 36 (90%) samples showed growth on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media out of which 9(25%) were MRSA and the remaining 27(75%) were methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). A good antibacterial activity was observed for the Cr. MeOH Ext. (76.1%) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of V. agnus castus against S11 (71.4%). The n-hexane fraction also showed good antibacterial effect (70%) against S26. The chloroform (CHCl3), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous fractions of M. africana showed good antibacterial activity against S11(71.4%), S32 (70%) and S26(75%), respectively. The above results revealed that the selected plants can be further utilized for isolation of the active ingredients as the crude extracts were found good for inhibition of MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bashir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nabia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hafeez
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Gulshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadiq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shumaila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ibrar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000440:Butanols / Q000737:chemistry; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010154:Pakistan; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D029623:Primulaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D020950:Vitex / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000440:Butanols; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D006586:Hexanes; D012997:Solvents; C553090:Vitex agnus castus extract; D014867:Water; C026385:n-hexane; C007650:ethyl acetate; D002725:Chloroform; D000432:Methanol