title: Rapid Analysis of 239,238Pu, 241Am, and 90Sr for Nasal Smear Samples in Radiation Emergency and Evaluation of Intake Retention Fraction.
abstract: The efficiency of the nasal smear method was reviewed to perform a method of sample collection, analysis and initial dose estimation. The screening method of alpha-emitting radionuclides using chemical separation and alpha spectrometry was also studied. To rapidly conduct the appropriate response to victims, special monitoring for Pu, Am, and Sr using sequential analysis was established, and the method was successfully validated through participation in an international inter-comparison program. The duration of the analysis method was evaluated with regard to application in emergency situations because of its relatively rapid treatment and counting time. The intake retention fraction was calculated and evaluated to review the characteristics of each radionuclide in the anterior nasal passage of the extra-thoracic region. No large difference was observed among the four radionuclides. However, the values of the intake retention fraction were affected by age groups because of the different respiratory rates. The effects of the Y ingrowth and particle size were also discussed.
authors.affiliation: *Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seokwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Wi-Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Sunhoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung-Sook
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation / Q000502:physiology; D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D000576:Americium / Q000032:analysis*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D011005:Plutonium / Q000032:analysis*; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D011005:Plutonium; D000576:Americium