title: Thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and electrochemistry of external field-assisted nonthermal food technologies.
abstract: Interest in the development and adoption of nonthermal technologies is burgeoning within the food and bioprocess industry, the associated research community, and among the consumers. This is evident from not only the success of some innovative nonthermal technologies at industrial scale, but also from the increasing number of publications dealing with these topics, a growing demand for foods processed by nonthermal technologies and use of natural ingredients. A notable feature of the nonthermal technologies such as cold plasma, electrohydrodynamic processing, pulsed electric fields, and ultrasound is the involvement of external fields, either electric or sound. Therefore, it merits to study the fundamentals of these technologies and the associated phenomenon with a unified approach. In this review, we revisit the fundamental physical and chemical phenomena governing the selected technologies, highlight similarities, and contrasts, describe few successful applications, and finally, identify the gaps in research.
authors.affiliation: a GTECH, Research & Development , General Mills India Private Limited , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: N N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-8893
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: b Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture , Dalhousie University , Canada.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-977X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martynenko
authors.affiliation: c Avignon University, INRA, Green Extraction Team , Avignon , France.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chemat
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Coventry University , U.K.
authors.forename: Larysa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paniwnyk
authors.affiliation: e Faculty of Pharmacy, Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology & Forensic Medicine Department , University of València, València , Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.affiliation: f Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Anet Režek
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-6465
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jambrak
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D063427:Food Quality; D061353:Food Storage; D005524:Food Technology; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D058626:Plasma Gases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Nonthermal; PEF; cold plasma; electrohydrodynamic; hydrodynamics; ultrasound