title: Is testis-sparing surgery safe in small testicular masses? Results of a multicentre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our goal was to evaluate benign and malignant lesions and testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN) in the neighbouring normal-appearing testis tissue in men who underwent radical orchiectomy for testicular mass with a pathologic tumour size of ≤3cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective, multicentre study, data of 252 patients from 11 different institutions were included. Patients were divided into three groups based on tumour size: Group 1 (0-1 cm; n=35), Group 2 (1.1-2cm; n=99), and Group 3 (2.1-3 cm; n=118). Benign lesions and TIN were sought in the neighbouring testicular tissue and compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 32.3 years. Benign lesions were reported in 54.3%, 33.3%, and 14.4% of Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.05 between groups). TIN was detected in 20%, 42.4%, and 41.5% of Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.05 for Group 1 vs. Groups 2 and 3; p>0.05 for Groups 2 vs. 3). Multifocality was detected in 8.6%, 4%, and 0% of Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.05 for both Group 1 vs. Group 3 and for Group 2 vs. Group 3; p>0.05 for Group 1 vs. Group 2). A tumour cutoff size of 1.5 cm was found to be significant for detecting benign tumour. TIN and multifocality rates were similar in patients with a tumour size of ≤1.5 vs. >1.5 cm (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign lesions and TIN in the neighbouring testis were significantly decreased and multifocality was increased in patients with a tumour mass size of ≤1 cm. Testis-sparing surgery should be performed with caution and a safety rim of normal tissue should also be excised.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
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authors.lastname: Keske
authors.affiliation: Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Canda
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aydan
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authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
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authors.affiliation: Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Can
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authors.affiliation: Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evrim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.affiliation: Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Fuat
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Atmaca
authors.affiliation: Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sidika Seyma
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ozkanli
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Olcay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kandemir
authors.affiliation: Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
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authors.affiliation: Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
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authors.affiliation: Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
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authors.affiliation: Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcuk
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authors.affiliation: Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boylu
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Fuat
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authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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authors.lastname: Basar
authors.affiliation: Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Altug
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authors.affiliation: Memorial Sisli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mevlana Derya
authors.initials: MD
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