title: Effects of music intervention on anxiety and pain reduction in ambulatory maxillofacial and otorhinolaryngology surgery: a descriptive survey of 27 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine patients' opinion regarding listening to music before an ambulatory maxillofacial surgery and effects on anxiety and pain reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on outpatients having a maxillofacial surgery between December 2015 and April 2016 at Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye hospital (France). Patients listened with headphones to an easy-listening music in the operation theater before the first ambulation. A questionnaire including a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and anxiety was given to participants. The primary endpoint was to determine patients' opinion regarding listening to music before surgery. Secondary endpoints were to determine VAS pain mean, VAS anxiety mean before surgery, VAS anxiety mean after surgery, and if patients wanted to listen to their own playlist. We decided to compare VAS anxiety and pain mean between patients who accepted to listen to music (ALM) and who refused to listen to music (RLM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients ALM and 8 patients RLM to music. 78.9% of patients considered that listening to music before surgery decreased their anxiety. In patients who ALM, the mean (standard deviation, SD) of VAS pain after surgery was 3.42 (1.95), the mean (SD) of VAS anxiety before surgery was 3.1 (2.3), and the mean (SD) of VAS anxiety was 1.21 (0.85). There was a statistically significantly difference of the VAS anxiety mean (SD) before surgery between patients who ALM 3.10 (2.30) and who RLM 6.12 (1.88) (p = 0.005). There was a statistically significantly difference of the VAS anxiety mean (SD) after surgery between patients who ALM 1.21 (0.85) and who RLM 2.62 (1.30) (p = 0.009). Fifty percent of the patients wanted to choose their own music.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music seems to reduce anxiety before maxillofacial surgery. An interventional randomized study is needed to demonstrate the positive impact of music on anxiety before maxillofacial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. chafik.keilani@aphp.fr.|Faculty of Medicine Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France. chafik.keilani@aphp.fr.|Centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie (CHNO) des Quinze-Vingts, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France. chafik.keilani@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Chafik
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keilani
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.|Faculty of Medicine Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simondet
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yigitoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bougrine
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hôpital Poissy/Saint, 20 Rue Armagis, 78100, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fligny
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ambulatory surgery; Anxiety; Maxillofacial surgery; Music; Otorhinolaryngology surgery; Pain