title: The Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study: toward a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: The search for a biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) has led to a surge in literature describing peripheral α-synuclein (aSyn) in both biofluids and biopsy/autopsy tissues. Despite encouraging results, attempts to capitalize on this promise have fallen woefully short. The Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study (S4) is uniquely designed to identify a reproducible diagnostic and progression biomarker for PD. S4 will evaluate aSyn in multiple tissues and biofluids within the same subject and across the disease spectrum to identify the optimal biomarker source and provide vital information on the evolution of peripheral aSyn throughout the disease. Additionally, S4 will correlate the systemic aSyn profile with an objective measure of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function furthering our understanding of the pathophysiological progression of PD.
authors.affiliation: Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre & Edmund J Saffra program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, MCl 7, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada.
authors.forename: Naomi P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Visanji
authors.affiliation: Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse 16, 34128 Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Brit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mollenhauer
authors.affiliation: Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1409, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, PO Box 4777, New York, NY 10163-4777, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kopil
authors.affiliation: The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, PO Box 4777, New York, NY 10163-4777, USA.
authors.forename: Kuldip D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 330 South 9th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chahine
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Danna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
keywords: Parkinson's disease; biofluid; biomarker; tissue; α-synuclein