title: Level of minerals and trace elements in the urine of the participants of mountain ultra-marathon race.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore impact of endurance exercise on urinary level of minerals and trace elements as well as on some oxidative stress and biochemical parameters. Urine samples were collected from participants (n=21) of mountain ultra-marathon race (53km; Medvednica, Zagreb, Croatia), before (baseline value), immediately after, 12h and 24h after the race. In urine samples level of minerals (Ca, P, K and Na) and trace elements (Se, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Co) were assessed using the bench top Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometer. Oxidative stress was determined as level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Immediately after the race level of minerals, trace elements, MDA, creatinine, ketones, erythrocytes and specific gravity increased compared to their baseline value. In 24h follow-up trace elements involved in antioxidant defence, MDA and biochemical parameters returned to their baseline values, Cu and Co remained increased as after the race, Fe and K tended to return to baseline values while Ca, P and Na continued to increase. Mountain ultra-marathon resulted in alteration of physiologically important minerals and trace elements that for some minerals and trace elements persist, indicating their involvement in recovery processes. However, due to their loss in urine, level of minerals and trace elements in athletes participating in endurance exercise should be monitored.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Jasna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jablan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inić
authors.affiliation: Bruker Nano GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stosnach
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Maja Ortner
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hadžiabdić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Lovorka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vujić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: adomijan@pharma.hr.
authors.forename: Ana-Marija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Domijan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000652:urine*; D012420:Running; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Biochemistry; Endurance exercise; Follow-up; Oxidative stress