title: Clonal diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolates in fecal samples of wild animals.
abstract: The clonal diversity of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from nine different species of wild animals from distinct regions of Portugal and Spain and their content in replicon plasmids were analyzed. Among the initial 53 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates that were studied (from previous studies), 28 were selected, corresponding to different animal origins with distinct ESBL types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. These 28 isolates produced different ESBLs ascribed to the following families: CTX-M, SHV and TEM. The isolates were classified into three phylogenetic groups: B1 (n = 11), A (n = 10) and D (n = 7). The seven E. coli of phylogroup D were then typed by multilocus sequence typing and ascribed to four distinct sequence types: ST117, ST115, ST2001 and ST69. The clonal diversity and relationship between isolates was studied by PFGE. Lastly, the plasmids were analyzed according to their incompatibility group using the PCR-based-replicon-typing scheme. A great diversity of replicon types was identified, with up to five per isolate. Most of the CTX-M-1 and SHV-12 producing E. coli isolates carried IncI1 or IncN replicons. The diversity of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in wild animals, which can be disseminated in the environment, emphasizes the environmental and health problems that we face nowadays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics' Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.|Department of Food and Agriculture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja (UR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cristóvão
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Agriculture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja (UR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Carla Andrea
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics' Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.|Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.|Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Igrejas
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics' Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.|Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.|Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Agriculture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja (UR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.|Area Microbiologia Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Agriculture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja (UR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.|Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, México.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cortés-Cortés
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Agriculture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja (UR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.|Area Microbiologia Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.|Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poeta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005589:Foxes / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000145:classification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012093:Replicon; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; wild animals; β-lactamases