title: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone is synthesized in the eyestalk and brain of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii.
abstract: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is a neuropeptide that is synthesized, stored, and released by brain and eyestalk structures in decapods. CHH participates in the regulation of several mechanisms, including increasing the level of glucose in hemolymph. Although CHH mRNA levels have been quantified and the CHH protein has been localized in various structures of the crayfish P. clarkii, CHH synthesis has only been reported in the X-organ-sinus gland (XO-SG). Therefore, the aim of this study was to use in situ hybridization to determine whether CHH mRNA is located in other structures, including the putative pacemaker, eyestalk and brain, of crayfish P. clarkii at two times of day. CHH mRNA was observed in both the eyestalk and the brain of P. clarkii, indicating that CHH is synthesized in several structures in common with other crustaceans, possibly to provide metabolic support for these regions by increasing glucose levels.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofisiología y Ritmos Biológicos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosaura
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loredo-Ranjel
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofisiología y Ritmos Biológicos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fanjul-Moles
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofisiología y Ritmos Biológicos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elsa G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-1330
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Escamilla-Chimal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C015947:hyperglycemic hormone, crustacean; D005947:Glucose