title: Performance of Dental Students in Shade Matching: Impact of Training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the effect of training on dental students' ability for matching two different shade guides.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in 2012. The participants were 88 male and female undergraduate dental students from Brazil and Portugal, with or without previous color education and vision refractive errors (response rate of 73.33%). They were asked to match a pair set of the shade guides Vita Classical (VC) and Vitapan 3D Master (3DM), with a 20-minutes' rest between each match. The sets were assembled over a neutral gray background and under controlled light. About 7-10 days later, all participants watched a video lecture on color education and repeated the matching procedure. The percentage of matches was calculated and submitted to statistical analysis for the variables gender, geographic region, shade guide and previous color education (Mann-Whitney tests), vision refractive errors (Kruskal-Wallis), and training (Wilcoxon signed rank). All tests were performed at a confidence level of 95%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training increased the percentage of matches for all groups, except for Portuguese and hyperopic individuals (VC and 3DM) and men (3DM). Previous color education affected VC shade matching before training. Gender, refractive errors, and geographic region did not affect shade matching ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous education and training in color positively affected shade-matching ability of dental students on shade guide pairing tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subjectivity of the visual method might not be a clinical concern in daily practice. The human eye can detect small differences in color and visualize the tooth with all its complex geometry, multilayered tissues, and secondary color parameters. Therefore, any color-matching task will be judged by the patient and/or other observers with consideration to this complexity. In other words, visual assessment is paramount to the success/failure of esthetic restorative procedures. The efficiency of the visual color method may be improved by color education through the development of professional color discrimination ability. This would make the students responsible for color selection, reproduction, and evaluation and lead to increased capability over a layperson observer receiving the restorative treatment. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:E24-E32, 2017).
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana P Buhrer
authors.initials: APB
authors.lastname: Samra
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcella G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7103-1099
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rui F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evelise M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rached
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003116:Color; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D013335:Students, Dental; D014796:Visual Perception