title: Association of Vitamin D Metabolites With Arterial Function in the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbances in vitamin D metabolism are common in patients with end-stage renal disease and may contribute to vascular dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 558 of 602 participants at baseline of the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation (HFM) Study, a 7-center prospective cohort study of a cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease awaiting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 vitamin D metabolites measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy from samples obtained within 4 weeks prior to AVF surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vasodilator functions and measurements of arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trained HFM Study personnel measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, and carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pulse wave velocities (PWVs) prior to AVF creation. We evaluated associations after basic adjustment for sex, age, and clinical site and more fully adjusted additionally for baseline education, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, dialysis status, and medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean participant age was 55±13 (SD) years and 65% were receiving maintenance dialysis. None of the vitamin D metabolites were significantly associated with flow-mediated dilation, carotid-femoral PWV, or carotid-radial PWV in basic or fully adjusted analyses. Higher serum concentrations of bioavailable vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were associated with 0.62% and 0.58% greater nitroglycerin-mediated dilation values, respectively, in basic models; however, these associations were no longer statistically significant with full adjustment. There were no significant associations of vitamin D metabolites with carotid-femoral or carotid-radial PWV in fully adjusted analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional ascertainment of vitamin D metabolites and vascular functions late during the course of kidney disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are not associated with vasodilator functions or vascular stiffness at baseline in a cohort study of patients with chronic kidney disease awaiting AVF creation surgery. Laboratory measurements of vitamin D metabolites are unlikely to provide useful information regarding vascular functions in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: hanne.van.ballegooijen@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Adriana J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Ballegooijen
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zelnick
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hoofnagle
authors.affiliation: Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Naomi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hamburg
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Cassiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson-Cohen
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
authors.forename: Prabir
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy-Chaudhury
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Alfred K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Yan-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Himmelfarb
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Imrey
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kestenbaum
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; C003564:1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: Vascular function; arterial function; arteriovenous fistula (AVF); calcitriol; end-stage renal disease (ESRD); endothelial function; epidemiology; flow mediated dilation (FMD); hemodialysis; nitroglycerine-mediated dilation (NMD); pulse wave velocities (PWV); stiffness; vasodilation; vitamin D metabolites