title: Health effects of manganese exposures for welders in Qingdao City, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document if manganese from welding causes health effects including neurological symptoms associated with manganese exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous questionnaire survey for a total of 505 welders at 3 welding facilities in Qingdao City, China was administered and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerous symptoms were reported by the welders including difficulty with eyes for 43% of them, sore throat for 30% of them, and tremors were reported by over 18% of them. Tremors were associated with longer periods of work as a welder and correlated with the relative cleanliness at the 3 different facilities. Tremors did not correlate with smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manganese-exposed welders reported a variety of symptoms related to work and showed neurological disturbances that correlated with amount of exposure. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(2):241-247.
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China (Department of Occupational Health). zhanghq@yeah.ney.
authors.forename: Huaqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China (Department of Occupational Health).
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China (Department of Occupational Health).
authors.forename: Honglin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health). alf26@drexel.edu.
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014202:Tremor / Q000453:epidemiology; D014896:Welding; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese
keywords: eye symptoms; hand tremor; manganese exposure; neurologic symptoms; welding fumes; welding materials