title: Interaction of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-regulated Transcript and Neuropeptide Y on Behavior in the Central Nervous System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the central nervous system, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) 55-102 peptide is localized in areas, such as the ventral tegmental area, amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, where emotional activity is regulated. Studies on the effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CART peptide on behavior remain limited. The findings from these studies suggest that this neuropeptide has anxiogenic-like effects. In the central nervous system, neuropeptide Y (NPY) has similar localization as CART. Previous behavioral studies have demonstrated that the ICV administration of NPY has anxiolytic-like effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, we established five experimental groups of male Wistar rats to study the competitive effects of NPY and CART peptide. These groups were sham (n=10), CART (n=10), NPY (n=10), CART-NPY (n=10), and NPY-CART (n=10). The open field test, elevated plus maze test, and Porsolt swim test were performed for behavioral analyses. Moreover, the rats were decapitated after the behavioral tests, and the amount of these two peptide in their brains was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study revealed that the ICV administration of CART peptide is anxiogenic and inhibits animals undergoing learned helplessness in the Porsolt swim test. When we evaluated the results of our study with respect to NPY, we observed its anxiolytic-like effects; in the Porsolt swim test, although it reduced the duration of immobilization, it did not affect the period of struggle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed that during the competitive interaction of these two peptides, anxiogenic CART peptide suppressed the anxiolytic effects of NPY.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electroneurophysiology, Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müdüroğlu Kirmizibekmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mengi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yurdakoş
keywords: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript; anxiety; behavior; neuropeptide Y; rat