title: Association between dietary lead intake and 10-year mortality among Chinese adults.
abstract: Blood lead level is associated with increased risk of mortality, but dietary lead exposure and mortality, particularly with cancer, has not been studied in the general population. The objective of the study was to assess the association between lead intake and 10-year mortality among 2832 Chinese adults. Food intake was measured by 3-day weighed food record in 2002. We documented 184 deaths (63 cancer deaths and 70 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths) during 27,742 person-years of follow-up. Dietary lead intake was positively associated with cancer and all-cause mortality. Across quartiles of lead intake, hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer mortality were 1.00, 0.80 (0.33-1.92), 1.52 (0.65-3.56), and 3.00 (1.06-8.44) (p for trend 0.028). HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.00, 1.28 (0.83-1.98), 1.24 (0.78-1.97), and 2.24 (1.28-3.94) (p for trend 0.011). Each 30 μg/day increase of lead intake was associated with 25% (95% CI 3-52%) increase of all-cause mortality. There was an interaction between lead intake and hypertension in relation to CVD mortality (p for interaction 0.003): HRs conferred by every 30 μg/day of lead intake were 1.57 (0.98-2.52) and 1.06 (0.81-1.39) among those with or without hypertension. Dietary lead intake was positively related to cancer and all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Foodborne Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China. Zumin.shi@adelaide.edu.au.|Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, L7 SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia. Zumin.shi@adelaide.edu.au.|Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, 5005, Australia. Zumin.shi@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Zumin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-3299
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Foodborne Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Foodborne Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yonglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Foodborne Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yijing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, L7 SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007854:Lead
keywords: Cancer; Chinese; Cohort study; Dietary; Lead intake; Mortality