title: Evolving new concepts in the assessment of aortic stenosis.
abstract: Echocardiography has been pivotal in evaluating aortic stenosis (AS) over the past several decades. Recent experience has shown a wide spectrum in the clinical presentation of AS. A better understanding of the underlying hemodynamic principles has resulted in emergence of new subtypes of AS. New treatment modalities have also been introduced, requiring precise evaluation of aortic valve (AV) pathology for implementation of these therapies. This review will discuss new concepts and indices in the use of echocardiography in patients with AS. Specifically, we will address the hemodynamic characteristics, clinical presentation, and management of normal-flow, high-gradient; paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient; and classical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenoses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Peerawut
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deeprasertkul
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-7787
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016477:Artifacts; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000639:trends*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: aortic stenosis; echocardiography; low gradient