title: Rapid urine antibody test for Helicobacter pylori infection in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer; thus, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Given that H. pylori infection in adolescents or young adults has few symptoms, screening tests are necessary for this population. In this study, the accuracy of the rapid urine H. pylori antibody (u-HpAb) test was evaluated and compared with that of urine and serum H. pylori enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (u-HpELISA and s-HpELISA, respectively) in junior high school students.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 1,225 students attending the junior high schools in Sasayama City were invited to participate in this study. Urine and blood samples were assayed for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies, and rapid u-HpAb was performed by three investigators independently. When all investigators were in agreement, the test was confirmed as positive or negative. Non-concordance was defined as undetermined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 187 students participated in this study and provided both urine and blood samples. Three students had undetermined rapid u-HpAb. Excluding these results, the positivity rate of rapid u-HpAb was 3.3% (6/184), whereas that for u-HpELISA and s-HpELISA was 4.8% (10/187) and 5.9% (11/187), respectively. Using s-HpELISA and u-HpELISA as the standards, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of rapid u-HpAb were 85.7%, 100%, 100%, and 99.4%, respectively, excluding the undetermined rapid u-HpAb results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid urine-HpAb test had excellent specificity but relatively low sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sasayama, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5263-2868
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yingsong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaochen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sasayama, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: 
  Helicobacter pylori
  ; adolescent; diagnosis; serum antibody; urine antibody