title: Colony fingerprint for discrimination of microbial species based on lensless imaging of microcolonies.
abstract: Detection and identification of microbial species are crucial in a wide range of industries, including production of beverages, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Traditionally, colony formation and its morphological analysis (e.g., size, shape, and color) with a naked eye have been employed for this purpose. However, such a conventional method is time consuming, labor intensive, and not very reproducible. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel method that detects microcolonies (diameter 10-500 μm) using a lensless imaging system. When comparing colony images of five microorganisms from different genera (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans), the images showed obvious different features. Being closely related species, St. aureus and St. epidermidis resembled each other, but the imaging analysis could extract substantial information (colony fingerprints) including the morphological and physiological features, and linear discriminant analysis of the colony fingerprints distinguished these two species with 100% of accuracy. Because this system may offer many advantages such as high-throughput testing, lower costs, more compact equipment, and ease of automation, it holds promise for microbial detection and identification in various academic and industrial areas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.affiliation: Malcom Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tae-Kyu
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Malcom Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-2256
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000145:classification*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification*