title: Applying Taguchi design and large-scale strategy for mycosynthesis of nano-silver from endophytic Trichoderma harzianum SYA.F4 and its application against phytopathogens.
abstract: Development of reliable and low-cost requirement for large-scale eco-friendly biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step for industrial applications of bionanotechnology. In the present study, the mycosynthesis of spherical nano-Ag (12.7 ± 0.8 nm) from extracellular filtrate of local endophytic T. harzianum SYA.F4 strain which have interested mixed bioactive metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, nitrate reductase (320 nmol/hr/ml), carbohydrate (25 μg/μl) and total protein concentration (2.5 g/l) was reported. Industrial mycosynthesis of nano-Ag can be induced with different characters depending on the fungal cultivation and physical conditions. Taguchi design was applied to improve the physicochemical conditions for nano-Ag production, and the optimum conditions which increased its mass weight 3 times larger than a basal condition were as follows: AgNO3(0.01 M), diluted reductant (10 v/v, pH 5) and incubated at 30 °C, 200 rpm for 24 hr. Kinetic conversion rates in submerged batch cultivation in 7 L stirred tank bioreactor on using semi-defined cultivation medium was as follows: the maximum biomass production (Xmax) and maximum nano-Ag mass weight (Pmax) calculated (60.5 g/l and 78.4 g/l respectively). The best nano-Ag concentration that formed large inhibition zones was 100 μg/ml which showed against A.alternate (43 mm) followed by Helminthosporium sp. (35 mm), Botrytis sp. (32 mm) and P. arenaria (28 mm).
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shahira H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: El-Moslamy
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.|Fabrication Technology Researches Department Advanced Technology and New Materials and Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Elkady
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rezk
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasser R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Abdel-Fattah
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D007700:Kinetics; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D010802:Phylogeny; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D064209:Phytochemicals; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D050901:Nitrate Reductase