title: Effect of iRoot SP and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the viability and polarization of macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to investigate the effect of iRoot SP and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the viability and polarization of macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of iRoot SP and MTA on the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after 1 and 2days of culture. The gene expression levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40) were measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after stimulation of the RAW 264.7 macrophages with iRoot SP and MTA. The expression levels of CD11c and CD206 in RAW 264.7 macrophages were examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry after stimulation with iRoot SP and MTA. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both iRoot SP and MTA were non-toxic to the RAW 264.7 macrophages. The use of iRoot SP and MTA increased the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p40 on the first day of culture and could promote macrophage M1 and M2 polarization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA and iRoot SP have good biocompatibility with macrophages, and they induced both M1 and M2 polarization of the RAW 264.7 macrophages.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Zhenglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: WB000275@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: 1004809372@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Shengfu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C000621519:iRoot SP; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate
keywords: Mineral trioxide aggregate; Polarization; RAW 264.7 macrophages; Viability; iRoot SP