title: High prevalence of all complex Segond avulsion using ultrasound imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of a Segond avulsion fractures in acute ACL tears with ultrasound and to investigate whether other injuries can predict the avulsion.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-eight ultrasound analyses of acute knee trauma were collected and scored for diagnosed injuries. The reports of patients with an ACL tear (N = 87) were evaluated to determine possible increased prevalence of Segond avulsion fracture with ultrasound. The associations between the diagnosed injuries and presence of a Segond avulsion were scored. The sports carried out at the time of injury were evaluated as possible prognostic factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 25/87 (29%) of the patients with an ACL tear, a Segond avulsion was observed in ultrasound. Lateral femoral condyle (LFC) impaction showed the strongest individual association with a Segond avulsion and was the best predicting variable. LFC impaction, sustained during low-risk pivoting sport, shows a stronger association with a Segond avulsion, as compared to LFC impaction sustained during high-risk pivoting sports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound shows a higher prevalence of Segond avulsions as literature shows with MRI or radiography. LFC impaction is the best variable in predicting this type of avulsion. Ultrasound examination should be considered, if this fracture was not diagnosed with MRI or radiographic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: ICONE Orthopedics and Sports Traumatology, PO Box 41, 5480 AA, Schijndel, The Netherlands. bklos@icone.nl.
authors.forename: Burt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klos
authors.affiliation: ICONE Orthopedics and Sports Traumatology, PO Box 41, 5480 AA, Schijndel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marlon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholtes
authors.affiliation: ICONE Orthopedics and Sports Traumatology, PO Box 41, 5480 AA, Schijndel, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konijnenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000071562:Fractures, Avulsion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Knee imaging; Segond avulsion; Ultrasound