title: Venous aneurysm complicating arteriovenous fistula access and matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for placed for hemodialysis may be burdened by one particular complication-the formation of a venous aneurysm. It has been shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) could represent markers of disease in both venous and arterial vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case study reports a rare case of enormous venous aneurysm-correlated MMP and NGAL levels in a woman with an AVF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher levels of plasma MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-9, and NGAL were detected in this patient during aneurysmal evaluation before the surgery; these levels significantly decreased 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP and NGAL levels could represent a marker of aneurysmal disease, and their plasma evaluation could help physicians to stratify the risk of complications in patients with an AVF.
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. Headquarters: University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Butrico
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Girolamo Domenico
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Placida
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo Francesco
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Settimio
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II". 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quarto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II". 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II". 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ermenegildo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Furino
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. Headquarters: University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Italy . Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II". 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Compagna
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. Headquarters: University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Italy . Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II". 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro,88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallelli
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. Headquarters: University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Italy . Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Franciscis
keywords: MMP; NGAL; arteriovenous fistula; hemodialysis; matrix metalloproteinases; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin