title: Effects of Higher Dietary Protein and Fiber Intakes at Breakfast on Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, and 24-h Interstitial Glucose in Overweight Adults.
abstract: Dietary protein and fiber independently influence insulin-mediated glucose control. However, potential additive effects are not well-known. Men and women (n= 20; age: 26 ± 5 years; body mass index: 26.1 ± 0.2 kg/m²; mean ± standard deviation) consumed normal protein and fiber (NPNF; NP = 12.5 g, NF = 2 g), normal protein and high fiber (NPHF; NP = 12.5 g, HF = 8 g), high protein and normal fiber (HPNF; HP = 25 g, NF = 2 g), or high protein and fiber (HPHF; HP = 25 g, HF = 8 g) breakfast treatments during four 2-week interventions in a randomized crossover fashion. On the last day of each intervention, meal tolerance tests were completed to assess postprandial (every 60 min for 240 min) serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure 24-h interstitial glucose during five days of the second week of each intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was applied for data analyses. The HPHF treatment did not affect postprandial glucose and insulin responses or 24-h glucose total area under the curve (AUC). Higher fiber intake reduced 240-min insulin AUC. Doubling the amount of protein from 12.5 g to 25 g/meal and quadrupling fiber from 2 to 8 g/meal at breakfast was not an effective strategy for modulating insulin-mediated glucose responses in these young, overweight adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. aamankwaah@calbaptist.edu.|Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Science, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA. aamankwaah@calbaptist.edu.
authors.forename: Akua F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Amankwaah
authors.affiliation: Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado-Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. drew.sayer@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: R Drew
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Science, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA. amyjwright2@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. chen929@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. mamccr@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. campbellw@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: breakfast; continuous glucose monitoring; dietary fiber; dietary protein; meal tolerance test; overweight