title: Pediatric Acute Otitis Media in the Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination.
abstract: Objectives (1) Describe longitudinal trends in annual prevalence of hospital admission for pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) and complications of AOM (CAOM) since introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in 2000 and (2) describe the longitudinal trend of prevalence of hospital admission for pneumococcal meningitis in children with AOM-related diagnoses in the postvaccination era. Study Design Retrospective analysis of Kids' Inpatient Database from 2000 to 2012. Setting Community, nonrehabilitation hospitals. Subjects and Methods To determine annual prevalence of admission for AOM/CAOM, nationally weighted frequencies of children aged <21 years with acute suppurative otitis media, acute mastoiditis, suppurative labyrinthitis, and/or acute petrositis were collected. The frequency of coexisting pneumococcal meningitis diagnoses among these patients was also collected. Trend analysis of prevalences of admission for AOM/CAOM and for pneumococcal meningitis occurring in the setting of AOM/CAOM from 2000 to 2012 was performed. Results Between 2000 and 2012, annual prevalence of admission for AOM/CAOM decreased from 3.956 to 2.618 per 100,000 persons ( P < .0001) (relative risk reduction 34%). Declines in admission prevalence were most pronounced in children <1 year of age (from 22.647 to 8.715 per 100,000 persons between 2000 and 2012, P < .0001) and 1 to 2 years of age (from 13.652 to 5.554 per 100,000 persons between 2000 and 2012, P < .0001). For all ages, the admission prevalence for pneumococcal meningitis and concomitant AOM/CAOM decreased (from 1.760 to 0.717 per 1,000,000 persons, P < .0001) over the study period. Conclusions The prevalence of hospital admission for pediatric AOM/CAOM has declined since the advent of pneumococcal vaccination. Admission rates for pneumococcal meningitis with AOM/CAOM have similarly declined.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kareem O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.|2 Divisions of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ishman
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mekibib
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altaye
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.|3 Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.|4 Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jareen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meinzen-Derr
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.|4 Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Choo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010035:Otitis Media, Suppurative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: PCV; acute otitis media; complications of otitis media; otitis media; pneumococcal vaccination