title: Northern Shanghai Study: cardiovascular risk and its associated factors in the Chinese elderly-a study protocol of a prospective study design.
abstract: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Increasing lifespans and ageing populations also contribute to an increasing CV burden. However, in China, there were few well-designed cohort studies focusing on the elderly population, let alone an established CV risk score. The objective of this study is to establish a CV risk score based on a community-dwelling Chinese elderly population, determining the profile of the associated CV risk factors and target organ damages (TODs), so as to guide the later intervention.
  
  
  
  The Northern Shanghai Study is an ongoing prospective community-based study. After enrolment, clinical examination, anthropometric measurement and a questionnaire will be administered to each participant at baseline and after every 2 years in the follow-up. Our tests and examinations include: blood/urine sample and biochemical measurements, office blood pressure recording, carotid ultrasonograph, echocardiograph, pulse wave velocity, pulse wave analysis, 4-limb blood pressure recording, body mass index, etc. Baseline measurement will also include the assessments on TODs and the conventional CV risk factors. In the follow-up, the incidence of CV events and mortality will be recorded. The Northern Shanghai Risk Score will be calculated, with considerations on CV risk factors and TODs.
  
  
  
  This study was approved by the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Institutional Review Board. All participants signed a written consent form.
  
  
  
  NCT02368938; Pre-results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shikai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ximin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yiwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiadela
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teliewubai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yawei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Chinese elderly; target organ damage