title: Analysis of Evolutionary Processes of Species Jump in Waterfowl Parvovirus.
abstract: Waterfowl parvoviruses are classified into goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) according to their antigenic features and host preferences. A novel duck parvovirus (NDPV), identified as a new variant of GPV, is currently infecting ducks, thus causing considerable economic loss. This study analyzed the molecular evolution and population dynamics of the emerging parvovirus capsid gene to investigate the evolutionary processes concerning the host shift of NDPV. Two important amino acids changes (Asn-489 and Asn-650) were identified in NDPV, which may be responsible for host shift of NDPV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the currently circulating NDPV originated from the GPV lineage. The Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo tree indicated that the NDPV diverged from GPV approximately 20 years ago. Evolutionary rate analyses demonstrated that GPV evolved with 7.674 × 10-4substitutions/site/year, and the data for MDPV was 5.237 × 10-4substitutions/site/year, whereas the substitution rate in NDPV branch was 2.25 × 10-3substitutions/site/year. Meanwhile, viral population dynamics analysis revealed that the GPV major clade, including NDPV, grew exponentially at a rate of 1.717 year-1. Selection pressure analysis showed that most sites are subject to strong purifying selection and no positively selected sites were found in NDPV. The unique immune-epitopes in waterfowl parvovirus were also estimated, which may be helpful for the prediction of antibody binding sites against NDPV in ducks.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Tongtong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Danning
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Kehe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jiyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Suquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
keywords: Bayesian inference; epidemiology; evolution; phylogeny; species jump; waterfowl parvovirus