title: Pain Correlates with Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease Patients.
abstract: Both sleep disorders and pain decrease quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about the relationship between objective sleep disturbances and pain in patients with PD. This study aimed to (1) examine the clinical characteristics of pain in PD patients and (2) explore the correlation between pain and sleep disturbances in PD patients.
  
  
  
  Parkinson's disease patients (N = 144) underwent extensive clinical evaluations of motor and nonmotor symptoms and characteristics of pain. Overnight video-polysomnography was also conducted. Clinical characteristics and sleep parameters were compared between PD patients with or without pain.
  
  
  
  Pain was reported by 75 patients (52.1%), with 49 (65.3%) reporting pain of at least moderate severity. PD patients with pain were older and had longer disease duration, more severe PD symptoms as assessed by Hoehn and Yahr stage and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and higher L-dopa equivalent daily dose compared with PD patients without pain. PD patients with pain also showed significantly decreased sleep efficiency (57.06% ± 15.84% vs. 73.80% ± 12.00%, P < 0.001), increased nonrapid eye movement stage 1 (N1) sleep (33.38% ± 19.32% vs. 17.84% ± 8.48%, P < 0.001), and decreased rapid eye movement sleep (12.76% ± 8.24% vs. 16.06% ± 6.53%, P = 0.009). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that poorer activities of daily living, depressed mood, higher percentage of N1 sleep, and lower sleep efficiency were independent predictors of pain in patients with PD.
  
  
  
  Musculoskeletal pain is the most common type of pain in patients with PD. Disrupted sleep continuity, altered sleep architecture, depressed mood, and compromised activities of daily living may be associated with pain in patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.|Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Jie
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.|Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.|Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.|Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.|Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Feng
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8364-0219
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D017286:Polysomnography; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Parkinson's disease; pain; polysomnography; sleep disturbance