title: A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor, has recently been used to induce focal ischemia in rodents and marmoset monkeys. The rhesus monkey, however, has numerous advantages to the rodent and marmoset that make it a superior and irreplaceable animal model for studying stroke in the brain. In the present study, after mapping the preferred hand representation in two healthy male monkeys with intracortical micro-stimulation, ET-1 was microinjected into the contralateral motor cortex (M1) to its preferred hand. The monkeys had been trained in three manual dexterity tasks before the microinjection and were tested for these tasks following the ET-1 injection. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans were performed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post ischemia. It was found that ET-1 impaired the manual dexterity of the monkeys in the vertical slot and rotating Brinkman board tasks 3-8 days after the injection. Brain imaging found that severe edema was present 7 days after the focal ischemia. This data suggest that ET-1 can induce transient ischemic stroke in rhesus monkey and that ET-1 induced focal ischemia in non-human primates is a potential model to study the mechanism of stroke and brain repair after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Honghe State, Honghe, China.
authors.forename: PeiMin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, Center People's Hospital of Zhumadian State, Zhumadian, China.|Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: XuDong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: FuHan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: JianZhen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: LongJiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: HuaLin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Primates Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: JianHong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents