title: The Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ)-Development and Initial Validation of a New Existential Anxiety Scale in a Nonclinical and Clinical Sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existential anxiety (EA) is a construct that refers to fears that are provoked by core threats of human existence, such as death, meaninglessness, and fundamental loneliness. The objective of this study was to develop an EA measure that can be used in research and clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ) was completed by a nonclinical sample of 389 adults, together with questionnaires measuring death anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, neuroticism, distress, meaning, and life events. Adaptations were made based on item analysis and factor analysis. A total of 99 adults who had an anxiety and/or depressive disorder completed the final version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ECQ was demonstrated to be essentially unidimensional and showed good reliability and stability. Correlations with other measures were within the expected range of strength, except for a weak association with life events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial results regarding the psychometric properties of the ECQ are promising.
authors.affiliation: University of Twente.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: van Bruggen
authors.affiliation: University of Twente.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ten Klooster
authors.affiliation: University of Twente.
authors.forename: Gerben
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Westerhof
authors.affiliation: University of Roehampthon.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: University of Twente.
authors.forename: Elian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Kleine
authors.affiliation: University of Twente.
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bohlmeijer
authors.affiliation: VU University.
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D001293:Attitude to Death; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075384:Neuroticism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; death anxiety; existential; psychopathology; questionnaire development