title: Psychological effects of concurrent cytology and colposcopy testing in women referred to cancer counseling outpatient clinic in Belgrade.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the psychological effects of PAP smear and colposcopy performed simultaneously and receipt of abnormal tests' results on women's well-being and quality of life (QoL) using different relative questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study included 324 women with abnormal PAP smear result obtained at the primary care centers, requiring repeat smear test and colposcopy in our hospital. Questionnaires regarding the patient demographic characteristics, 7-point Likert scales which indicate concern about the smear and colposcopy results and risk of developing cervical cancer, Bek Anxiety Inventory (BAI), European QoL questionnaire - Euro QoL (EQ-5D) and visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) were used. Women filled in the questionnaires at the pre-procedural assessment, and again, 7-10 days after testing, just after the reception of results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to BAI scale, almost one-quarter of women (23.5%) showed mild to severe anxiety; higher level of anxiety had women with abnormal test results (p=0.008). After adjustment for age, the difference reached statistical significance in the follow up period, too (p<0.05). At the pre-procedural assessment, there was no significant difference in the concern about test results (4.09 vs 4.22) and the perceived risk of developing cervical cancer (3.99 vs 4.14) using self-assessment by the Likart scales. However, women with abnormal test results had lower quality of life compared to women with normal PAP smear and colposcopy (mean EQ-VAS score 77.35 ± 15.63 vs 81.14 ± 16.07; p=0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that referral for evaluation after a first abnormal PAP test leads to anxiety. Close and clear communication about test meaning and its consequences is needed in the organized screening test.
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Markovic-Denic
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popovac
authors.forename: Olivera
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Djuric
authors.forename: Zivko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Perisic
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rakic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003127:Colposcopy; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*