title: The Effect of Volunteering at a Student-Run Free Healthcare Clinic on Medical Students' Self-Efficacy, Comfortableness, Attitude, and Interest in Working with the Underserved Population and Interest in Primary Care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of primary care physicians in the United States continues to lag behind the number of uninsured people. There has been a growing demand for medical students to improve their self-efficacy, comfortableness, attitude, and interest in working with the underserved and in primary care. This study aims to discern whether volunteering at a student-run, free healthcare clinic has a positive impact on these five variables of interest or not.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 95-item survey was distributed through Qualtrics Survey Software (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) to medical students from the Class of 2018 and Class of 2019 at the University of Central Florida College of Medicine. They were recruited via emails, Facebook, and in-classroom announcements. Mean responses on a Likert-like scale to different survey items were collected and compared between two study cohorts: Keeping Neighbors In Good Health Through Service (KNIGHTS) Clinic volunteers and non-volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from 128 students showed no significant differences in the means between the two cohorts (p-values were not significant). When volunteers were asked the survey item, "KNIGHTS Clinic positively influenced my attitude towards working with underserved patients," 62% strongly agreed, 26% agreed, 10% were neutral, and 2% disagreed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, volunteering at KNIGHTS Clinic may not have a positive impact on the five variables of interest. However, the lack of significance may also be due to certain limitations of this study addressed elsewhere in this paper. With the majority of KNIGHTS Clinic volunteers agreeing that "KNIGHTS Clinic positively influenced […their] attitude towards working with underserved patients," there may be a positive impact of volunteering on volunteers' attitude towards working with the underserved.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Aleksandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovalskiy
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Amna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Rahim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Caridad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernandez
keywords: attitude; comfortableness; interest; medical student; primary care; self-efficacy; student-run free clinic; underserved; volunteering