title: A novel treatment for metastatic lymph nodes using lymphatic delivery and photothermal therapy.
abstract: Systemic delivery of an anti-cancer agent often leads to only a small fraction of the administered dose accumulating in target sites. Delivering anti-cancer agents through the lymphatic network can achieve more efficient drug delivery for the treatment of lymph node metastasis. We show for the first time that polymeric gold nanorods (PAuNRs) can be delivered efficiently from an accessory axillary lymph node to a tumor-containing proper axillary lymph node, enabling effective treatment of lymph node metastasis. In a mouse model of metastasis, lymphatic spread of tumor was inhibited by lymphatic-delivered PAuNRs and near-infrared laser irradiation, with the skin temperature controlled by cooling. Unlike intravenous injection, lymphatic injection delivered PAuNRs at a high concentration within a short period. The results show that lymphatic administration has the potential to deliver anti-cancer agents to metastatic lymph nodes for inhibition of tumor growth and could be developed into a new therapeutic method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.|Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adewale O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oladipo
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.|Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Oluwatobi S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Oluwafemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, PB X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sandile P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Songca
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.|Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Ariunbuyan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sukhbaatar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Junnosuke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.|Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D051379:Mice; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010789:Phototherapy; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D006046:Gold