title: Fractional Flow Reserve and Cardiac Events in Coronary Artery Disease: Data From a Prospective IRIS-FFR Registry (Interventional Cardiology Research Incooperation Society Fractional Flow Reserve).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the prognosis of deferred and revascularized coronary stenoses after fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement to assess its revascularization threshold in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IRIS-FFR registry (Interventional Cardiology Research In-cooperation Society Fractional Flow Reserve) prospectively enrolled 5846 patients with ≥1coronary lesion with FFR measurement. Revascularization was deferred in 6468 lesions and performed in 2165 lesions after FFR assessment. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization) at a median follow-up of 1.9 years and analyzed on a per-lesion basis. A marginal Cox model accounted for correlated data in patients with multiple lesions, and a model to predict per-lesion outcomes was adjusted for confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For deferred lesions, the risk of major adverse cardiac events demonstrated a significant, inverse relationship with FFR (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.08;P<0.001). However, this relationship was not observed in revascularized lesions (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.02;P=0.70). For lesions with FFR ≥0.76, the risk of major adverse cardiac events was not significantly different between deferred and revascularized lesions. Conversely, in lesions with FFR ≤0.75, the risk of major adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in revascularized lesions than in deferred lesions (for FFR 0.71-0.75, adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.89;P=0.021; for FFR ≤0.70, adjusted hazard ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.84;P=0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large, prospective registry showed that the FFR value was linearly associated with the risk of cardiac events in deferred lesions. In addition, revascularization for coronary artery stenosis with a low FFR (≤0.75) was associated with better outcomes than the deferral, whereas for a stenosis with a high FFR (≥0.76), medical treatment would be a reasonable and safe treatment strategy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01366404.
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Jung-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Duk-Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Eun-Seok
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Bon-Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Chang-Wook
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Joon-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doh
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Jun Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: In-Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Jung-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Sung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Her
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Ki-Bae
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Seung
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Woo-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Sang-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Jin Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Si Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Kyungil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Taek Jong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Sang Yeub
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Minkyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Pil Hyung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Seung-Whan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Young-Hak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Cheol Whan
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
authors.forename: Seong-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.). sjpark@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002309:Cardiology / Q000639:trends; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000639:trends; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000639:trends
keywords: coronary disease; coronary stent; fractional flow reserve; revascularization