title: Clipping prevents perforation in large, flat polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if prophylactic clipping of post-polypectomy endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) mucosal defects of large, flat, right sided polyps prevents perforations.
  
  
  METHODS
  IRB approved review of all colonoscopies, and prospective data collection of grasp and snare EMR performed by 2 endoscopists between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2014 in a community ambulatory endoscopy center. The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, all right-sided, flat polyps greater than or equal to 1.2 cm in size were removed using the grasp and snare technique. Clipping was done at the discretion of the endoscopist. In the second phase, all mucosal defects were closed using resolution clips. Phase 2 of the study was powered to detect a statistically significant difference in perforation rate with 148 EMRs, if less than or equal to 2 perforations occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In phase 1 of the study, 2121 colonoscopies were performed. Seventy-five patients had 95 large polyps removed. There were 4 perforations in 95 polypectomies (4.2%). The perforations occurred in polyps ranging in size from 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm. In phase 2, there were 2464 colonoscopies performed. One hundred and sixteen patients had 151 large polyps removed, and all mucosal defects were clipped. There were no perforations (P= 0.0016). There were no post-polypectomy hemorrhages in either phase. An average of 2.15 clips were required to close the mucosal defects. The median time to perform the polypectomy and clipping was 13 min, and the median procedure duration was 40 min. Five percent of all patients undergoing colonoscopy in our community based, ambulatory endoscopy center had flat, right sided polyps greater than or equal to 1.2 cm in size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic clipping of the mucosal resection defect of large, right-sided, flat polyps reduces the incidence of perforation.
authors.affiliation: Daniel Luba, James DiSario, Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA 93940, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luba
authors.affiliation: Daniel Luba, James DiSario, Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA 93940, United States.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.affiliation: Daniel Luba, James DiSario, Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA 93940, United States.
authors.forename: Dayna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Daniel Luba, James DiSario, Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA 93940, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luba
authors.affiliation: Daniel Luba, James DiSario, Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA 93940, United States.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Detka
authors.affiliation: Daniel Luba, James DiSario, Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA 93940, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DiSario
keywords: Clipping; Complications; Endoscopic mucosal resection; Flat polyps; Perforation; Polypectomy; Prevalence