title: Echocardiographic right ventricular function correlations with cardiac catheterisation data in biventricular congenital heart patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Newer echocardiographic techniques may allow for more accurate assessment of right ventricular function. Adult studies have correlated these echocardiographic measurements with invasive data, but minimal data exist in the paediatric congenital heart population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic measurements that correlate best with right ventricular systolic and diastolic catheterisation parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with two-ventricle physiology who underwent simultaneous echocardiogram and cardiac catheterisation were included in this study. Right ventricular systolic echocardiographic data included fractional area change, displacement, tissue Doppler imaging s' wave, global longitudinal strain, and strain rate s' wave. Diastolic echocardiographic data included tricuspid E and A waves, tissue Doppler imaging e' and a' waves, and strain rate e' and a' waves. E/tissue Doppler imaging e', tissue Doppler imaging e'/tissue Doppler imaging a', E/strain rate e', and strain rate e'/strain rate a' ratios were also calculated. Catheterisation dP/dt was used as a marker for systolic function and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure for diastolic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 patients were included in this study. The median age at catheterisation was 3.1 years (0.3-17.6 years). The DP/dt was 493±327 mmHg/second, and the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 7.7±2.4 mmHg. There were no significant correlations between catheterisation dP/dt and systolic echocardiographic parameters. Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure correlated significantly with strain rate e' (r=-0.4, p=0.02), strain rate a' (r=-0.5, p=0.03), and E/tissue Doppler imaging e' (r=0.4, p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheterisation dP/dt did not correlate with echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular systolic function. Strain rate and tissue Doppler imaging analysis significantly correlated with right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These values should be further studied to determine whether they may be used as an alternative method to estimate right ventricular end-diastolic pressure in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nadorlik
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stiver
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: Sairah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cheatham
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital,Columbus,Ohio,United States of America.
authors.forename: Clifford L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cua
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013599:Systole; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: CHD; Echocardiography; cardiac function; catheterisation; strain and strain rate