title: Lymphatic Drainages to the Paravertebral and Pararenal Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients.
abstract: An efficient evaluation of the lymphatic drainage from the breasts (thoracic wall) and/or the upper limbs is essential in the management of patients with breast cancer (BC) and/or BC-related lymphedema. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 2 patients with lymphedema. Lymphatic drainage was observed from the upper limb or breast to the posterior paravertebral and/or pararenal lymph nodes. The cases demonstrate lymphatic drainage pathways toward unusual and mostly unrecognized lymph nodes, which may be at risk for further evolution of BC and may be important for the physical treatment of BC-related lymphedema.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Mammo-Pelvic Surgery, †Multidisciplinary Clinic of Lymphology, ‡Service of Kinesitherapy, §Service of Nuclear Medicine, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels; and ∥HE PHSpaak, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbieux
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leduc
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000150:complications; D061305:Lymphoscintigraphy; D013131:Spine / Q000276:immunology*