title: Edema and Nociception Induced byPhilodryas patagoniensisVenom in Mice: A Pharmacological Evaluation with Implications for the Accident Treatment.
abstract: We have investigated the mechanisms involved in the genesis of edema and nociception induced byPhilodryas patagoniensisvenom (PpV) injected into the footpad of mice. PpV induced dose-related edema and nociceptive effects. Pretreatment of mice with cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), but not with cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (celecoxib) markedly inhibited both effects. Pretreatments with H1receptor antagonist (promethazine) or with dual histamine-serotonin inhibitor (cyproheptadine) failed in inhibiting both effects. In groups pretreated with captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) the edema was unaltered, but nociception was clearly increased, suggesting the participation of kinins in the pathophysiology of the nociception but not of the edema-forming effect of PpV. When PpV was treated with EDTA, the nociception was similar to the one induced by untreated venom, but edema was markedly reduced. We concluded that PpV-induced edema and nociception have cyclooxygenase eicosanoids as the main mediators and no participation of vasoactive amines. Kinins seem to participate in nociception but not in edema induced by PpV. The results also suggest that metalloproteinases are the main compounds responsible for the edema, but not for the nociception induced by this venom.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil priscila.lopes@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: Priscila Hess
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa M T
authors.initials: MMT
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Kazuo
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kuniyoshi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Calheta Vieira
authors.initials: FCV
authors.lastname: Portaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís Roberto C
authors.initials: LRC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017812:Colubridae; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D012910:Snake Venoms; D003907:Dexamethasone; D007213:Indomethacin