title: Preconception gynecological risk factors of postpartum depression among Japanese women: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).
abstract: Postpartum depression is one of the major causes of disability among women who are on their childbearing years. Identifying people at risk of postpartum depression may improve its management. The objective of this study was to determine the probable association between postpartum depression and some preconception gynecological morbidities.
  
  
  
  Data from a nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children's study (JECS), up to one month of postpartum were analyzed. To assess postpartum depression, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used; 11 preconception gynecological morbidities were considered as risk factors. Covariates included psychiatric illness history, psychosocial factors, some pregnancy adverse outcomes, birth outcomes, socio-demographic and health behavioral factors.
  
  
  
  Except for the prevalence of previous miscarriage, leiomyoma and polycystic ovarian syndrome, depressive women had more gynecological morbidities compared to non-depressive ones. In logistic regression model, endometriosis (OR, 1.27; 95%CI: 1.15-1.41), dysmenorrhea (OR, 1.13; 95%CI: 1.06-1.21) and abnormal uterine bleeding (OR, 1.21; 95%CI: 1.15-1.29) were associated with postpartum depression.
  
  
  
  CONCLUSION: Women with endometriosis and menstrual problems were at risk of developing postpartum depression. This study suggests a perinatal mental health screening for predisposed women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Sifa Marie Joelle
authors.initials: SMJ
authors.lastname: Muchanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Gilbert Neuropsychiatry centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kahoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasumitsu-Lovell
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eitoku
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Etongola Papy
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Mbelambela
authors.affiliation: Integrated Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Rahma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tozin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagamasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujieda
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan. Electronic address: nsuganuma@kochi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Narufumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suganuma
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Gynecological morbidities; Postpartum depression; The JECS