title: Endovascular Embolization by Transcatheter Delivery of Particles: Past, Present, and Future.
abstract: Minimally invasive techniques to occlude flow within blood vessels, initially pioneered in the 1970s with autologous materials and subsequently advanced with increasingly sophisticated engineered biomaterials, are routinely performed for a variety of medical conditions. Contemporary interventional radiologists have at their disposal a wide armamentarium of occlusive agents to treat a range of disease processes through a small incision in the skin. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on endovascular embolization tools, summarize the current state-of-the-art, and highlight burgeoning technologies that promise to advance the field in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rasheth@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Rahul A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. shsabir@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Sharjeel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. skrishna@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Savitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. avery.reginald@gmail.com.|Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. avery.reginald@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Reginald K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. yszhang@mit.edu.|Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. yszhang@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Yu Shrike
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. alik@bwh.harvard.edu.|Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. alik@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khademhosseini
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. oklu.rahmi@mayo.edu.|Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Scottsdale AZ 85054, USA. oklu.rahmi@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Rahmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oklu
keywords: biomaterials; biomedical devices; cardiovascular devices; drug delivery systems; microfluidics; microspheres