title: Binding of fluphenazine with human serum albumin in the presence of rutin and quercetin: An evaluation of food-drug interaction by spectroscopic techniques.
abstract: The interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and fluphenazine (FPZ) in the presence or absence of rutin or quercetin were studied by fluorescence, absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The results showed that the fluorescence quenching mechanism was static quenching by the formation of an HSA-FPZ complex. Entropy change (ΔS0) and enthalpy change (ΔH0) values were 68.42 J/(mol⋅K) and -4.637 kJ/mol, respectively, which indicated that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds played major roles in the acting forces. The interaction process was spontaneous because the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0) values were negative. The results of competitive experiments demonstrated that FPZ was mainly located within HSA site I (sub-domain IIA). Molecular docking results were in agreement with the experimental conclusions of the thermodynamic parameters and competition experiments. Competitive binding to HSA between flavonoids and FPZ decreased the association constants and increased the binding distances of FPZ binding to HSA. The results of absorption, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, and CD spectra showed that the binding of FPZ to HSA caused conformational changes in HSA and simultaneous effects of FPZ and flavonoids induced further HSA conformational changes.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.|Liaoning Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Products Pharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.|Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug R&D, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.|Liaoning Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Products Pharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.|Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug R&D, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-9232
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.|Liaoning Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Products Pharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.|Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug R&D, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Qian-Yu
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Bo-Yang
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism / Q000379:methods*; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry*; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin; D005476:Fluphenazine; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: competitive binding; flavonoids; fluphenazine; food-drug interaction; human serum albumin