title: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure enhances inflammatory response and inhibits effect of antioxidant in RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number and variety of electronic devices that emit electromagnetic waves. Because people live and work in close proximity to these pieces of electrical equipment, there is growing concern surrounding the destruction of homeostasis by electromagnetic field exposure. In the present study, the effects of 60 Hz 0.8 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were examined. Under defined ELF-EMF exposure conditions, the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were increased in RAW 264.7 cells and the expression of those genes was also upregulated. However, cell proliferation was not altered. Translocation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), molecules that act downstream of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, were increased to the nucleus under ELF-EMF exposure conditions. In addition, we found that ELF-EMF exposure elevated activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 2, as well as positively affected the influx of calcium. Furthermore, with both the presence of a potent antioxidant (Resveratrol) and downregulation of the antioxidant-related gene Prx-1 (Peroxiredoxin-1), ELF-EMF was associated with higher inflammatory responses of macrophages. These results suggest that an ELF-EMF amplifies inflammatory responses through enhanced macrophage activation and can decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:374-385, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ye Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hyung
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da Kyoung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Hyeob
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwarn
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonku
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Woo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-0260
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C489936:Prrx1 protein, mouse; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: ELF-EMF; inflammatory cytokine; macrophage; peroxiredoxin-1; resveratrol