title: Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis.
abstract: Fresh jasmine flowers have been used to make jasmine teas in China, but there has been no complete information about volatile organic compound emissions in relation to flower developmental stages and no science-based knowledge about which floral stage should be used for the infusion. This study monitored volatile organic compounds emitted from living flowers ofJasminum sambac(L.) Ait. 'Bifoliatum' at five developmental stages and also from excised flowers. Among the compounds identified, α-farnesene, linalool, and benzyl acetate were most abundant. Since α-farnesene is synthesized through the Mevalonate pathway, four genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and terpene synthase were isolated. Their expression patterns in living flowers at the five stages and in excised flowers coincided with the emission patterns of α-farnesene. Application of lovastatin, a HMGR inhibitor, significantly reduced the expression of the genes and greatly decreased the emission of α-farnesene. The sweet scent was diminished from lovastatin-treated flowers as well. These results indicate that α-farnesene is an important compound emitted from jasmine flowers, and its emission patterns suggest that flowers at the opening stage or flower buds 8 h after excision should be used for the infusion of tea leaves.
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. 1130311016@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. 2140305002@fafu.edu.cn.|Department of Environmental Horticulrture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. 2140305002@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shiheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. 1150311002@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. 152331405@st.usst.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. jjchen@ufl.edu.|Department of Environmental Horticulrture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. jjchen@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. 000q020036@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guixin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. 000q020063@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Naixing
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D031660:Jasminum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C062672:alpha-farnesene; D008148:Lovastatin
keywords: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR); 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS); Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS); jasmine; lovastatin; terpene synthase (TPS); α-farnesene