title: Three-dimensional volume rendering of pelvic models and paraurethral masses based on MRI cross-sectional images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to assess the feasibility of rendering 3D pelvic models using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with vaginal, urethral and paraurethral lesions and obtain additional information previously unavailable through 2D imaging modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A purposive sample of five female patients 26-40 years old undergoing investigations for vaginal or paraurethral mass was obtained in a tertiary teaching hospital. 3D volume renderings of the bladder, urethra and paraurethral masses were constructed using 3D-Slicer v.3.4.0. Spatial dimensions were determined and compared with findings from clinical, MRI, surgical and histopathological reports. The quality of information regarding size and location of paraurethral masses obtained from 3D models was compared with information from cross-sectional MRI and review of clinical, surgical and histopathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of rendered 3D models yielded detailed anatomical dimensions and provided information that was in agreement and in higher detail than information based on clinical examination, cross-sectional 2D MRI analysis and histopathological reports. High-quality pelvic 3D models were rendered with the characteristics and resolution to allow identification and detailed viewing of the spatial relationship between anatomical structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first preliminary study to evaluate the role of MRI-based 3D pelvic models for investigating paraurethral masses. This is a feasible technique and may prove a useful addition to conventional 2D MRI. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate this modality for investigating such lesions and planning appropriate management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospital NHS Trust, Epsom, UK. sdoum@yahoo.com.|St George's University of London, London, UK. sdoum@yahoo.com.|University of Athens, Athens, Greece. sdoum@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Stergios K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Doumouchtsis
authors.affiliation: St George's University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daron A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK.
authors.forename: Nivedita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gauthaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospital NHS Trust, Epsom, UK.
authors.forename: Constantin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Durnea
authors.affiliation: St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Munneke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: 3D pelvic model; 3D volume rendering; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Pelvic segmentation; Urethral diverticulum pelvic imaging; Urethral masses