title: Association of sarcopenia with both latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the association of both latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with muscle mass and function (sarcopenia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese patients with LADA (N=20), T2DM (N=208), and control subjects (N=41) were included in this cross-sectional study. The definition of LADA was based on age of onset (≥30), positive glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, and insulin requirement within the first 6months after diagnosis. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by the criteria for Asians, using skeletal muscle index (male <7.0 and female <5.4) and grip strength (male <26.0kg and female <18.0kg). The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in LADA (35.0%) than in either T2DM (13.3%) or control subjects (9.8%). LADA was significantly associated with an increased risk for sarcopenia in a multivariate model in which age and body mass index were incorporated (OR: 9.57, 95% CI: 1.86-49.27). In contrast, T2DM tended to be associated with an increased risk for sarcopenia (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 0.83-10.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that patients with LADA are at a high risk for sarcopenia compared to those with T2DM or to control subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: bouchi.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryotaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: fukuda.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: takeuchi.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: nakano.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yujiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mmurakami.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: iminami.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Medical Welfare and Liaison Services, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Electronic address: hizumiyama.cme@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Preemptive Medicine and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Electronic address: khashimoto.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tyoshimoto.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ogawa.mem@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001824:Body Constitution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D000071698:Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Grip strength; Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle index; Type 2 diabetes