title: Mechanism of immune evasion in breast cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women, with high morbidity and mortality. Its onset, development, metastasis, and prognosis vary among individuals due to the interactions between tumors and host immunity. Many diverse mechanisms have been associated with BC, with immune evasion being the most widely studied to date. Tumor cells can escape from the body's immune response, which targets abnormal components and foreign bodies, using different approaches including modification of surface antigens and modulation of the surrounding environment. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and factors that impact the immunoediting process and analyze their functions in detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery.
authors.forename: Mozhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changwang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenning
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery.
authors.forename: Yaojia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: PD-L1; apoptosis; breast cancer; cytokines; immune evasion; mechanism