title: Adipose Derived Stem Cells Exert Immunomodulatory Effects on Natural Killer Cells in Breast Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs), as one of the important stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, are determined with immunomodulatory effects. The principle aim of this study was to evaluate the immunosuppressive effects of ASCs on natural killer (NK) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, we assessed the expressions of indolamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO1),IDO2and human leukocyte antigen-G5 (HLA-G5) in ASCs isolated from breast cancer patients with different stages as well as normal individuals, using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunomodulatory effects of ASCs on the expression of CD16, CD56, CD69, NKG2D, NKp30, NKG2A and NKp44 was also assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by flow-cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our result showed thatIDO1,IDO2andHLA-G5had higher mRNA expressions in ASCs isolated from breast cancer patients than those from normal individuals (P>0.05). mRNA expression of these molecules were higher in ASCs isolated from breast cancer patients with stage III tumors than those with stage II. The indirect culture of ASCs isolated from breast cancer patients and normal individuals with activated PBLs significantly reduced NKG2D+ and CD69+ NK cells (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the present study suggest more evidences for the immunosuppression of ASCs on NK cells, providing conditions in favor of tumor immune evasion.
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Behdokht
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Breast Diseases Research Center (BDRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdol-Rasoul
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Talei
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaderi
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboobeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razmkhah
keywords: Breast Cancer; Immunosuppression; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; NK Cells