title: Type D personality as a predictor of self-efficacy and social support in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Type D personality and assess the relationship between this personality type and self-efficacy/social support in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2014, 532 consecutive patients with T2DM were recruited from two hospitals in Guangzhou, China. The participants completed questionnaires containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics, Type D personality, self-efficacy, and social support scales, and their medical records were reviewed for additional data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 532 patients, 18.2% had Type D personality. Patients with this personality type reported significantly lower levels of self-efficacy (P<0.001), total social support (P<0.001), subjective support (P<0.001), and support utilization (P=0.003), but similar level of objective support (P=0.314), compared to those of patients without Type D personality. Negative affectivity and social inhibition, two intrinsic traits of Type D personality, negatively correlated with self-efficacy and social support scores. Type D personality was significantly associated with less self-efficacy and social support (P<0.001), controlling for other sociodemographic factors. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients with Type D personality than in patients with non-Type D personality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides new evidence linking Type D personality with self-efficacy, social support, and poor glycemic control, highlighting the special need for care among T2DM patients with Type D personality.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Southern Medical University; Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Yechang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital.
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengsong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
keywords: Type D personality; glycemic control; self-efficacy; social support; type 2 diabetes mellitus