title: Effects of synbiotics on immunity and disease resistance of narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823).
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics (mannanoligosaccharide and xylooligosaccharide), probiotics (Enterococcus faecalis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and synbiotics for 126 days on the immune responses, hemolymph indices, antioxidant enzymes, and biological responses after a 48-hour Aeromonas hydrophila exposure of sub-adult crayfish (11.45 ± 1.87 g). Most antibacterial activities were observed in the shell mucus of crayfish fed a diet containing xylooligosaccharide + E. faecalis and mannanoligosaccharide + Pediococcus acidilactici against Nocardia brasilience and Vibrio harveyi (p < 0.05). Feeding crayfish a xylooligosaccharide + E. faecalis diet increased protein levels and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in the shell mucus after the feeding trial and 48 h after the A. hydrophila-injection challenge (p < 0.05). The highest ratio of the lactobacillus count to the total viable count was observed in synbiotic diets (p < 0.05). Feeding crayfish a xylooligosaccharide + E. faecalis diet increased the growth rate and the resistance to the A. hydrophila-injection challenge (p < 0.05). These results revealed that feeding crayfish with synbiotic diets was more effective than a single administration with prebiotics and probiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: omidsafari@um.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paolucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza Ahmadnia
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Motlagh
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D004032:Diet; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000032:analysis*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D058616:Synbiotics / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056692:Prebiotics
keywords: Challenge; Crayfish; Disease resistance; Immunity; Synbiotic