title: The utility of a phase angle analysis in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether evaluating the phase angle (PhA), in a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is useful for estimating the nutritional status of severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 31 SMID patients (mean age: 33.9±13.5years, median age: 29years (range: 18-58years), male/female: 23/8). First, each of the parameters from the total study population and the male and female SMID patients were compared with those of healthy Asian subjects. Second, correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the correlation between the PhA and the other BIA parameters (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), appendicular muscle mass (AMM), extracellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW)) as well as subjective global assessment and serum nutritional markers. Finally, all patients were divided into 2 groups according to their albumin (Alb) (<3.5 or ≥3.5) values and PhA of the 2 groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PhA and ASMI were a considerably low, whereas ECW/TBW was considerably high in comparison to the healthy Asian subjects. Significant negative correlations were observed between the PhA and ECW/TBW, whereas there were significant positive correlations between PhA and AMM, ASMI, total protein and albumin levels. Furthermore, PhA of Alb ≥3.5 group was significantly higher than that of Alb <3.5 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that SMID patients demonstrate the low PhA, which were similar to sarcopenia and a certain proportion of them also potentially have nutritional disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Motomu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asagiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan. Electronic address: s_fukahori@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukahori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan; Division of Medical Safety Management, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saikusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Naruki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higashidate
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Masui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komatsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yushiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001834:Body Water; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Phase angle; Severe motor and intellectual disabilities