title: Prevention of Axonal Degeneration by Perineurium Injection of Mitochondria in a Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury Model.
abstract: Axon degeneration leads to cytoskeletal disassembly, metabolism imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction during neurodegeneration or nerve injury.
  
  
  
  In this study, we assess the possibility of mitigating axon degeneration by local injection of mitochondria in a crushed sciatic nerve.
  
  
  
  Sciatic nerve explants cocultured with mitochondria were assessed for the optimal dosage in local injection and nerve regeneration potential. The left sciatic nerve was crushed in Sprague-Dawley rats and then local injection of mitochondria into the distal end of the injured nerve was conducted for further assessment.
  
  
  
  Mitochondrial coculture attenuated cytoskeletal loss and oxidative stress in isolated nerve explants. In Vivo analyses also showed that mitochondrial transplantation improved animal neurobehaviors, electrophysiology of nerve conduction, and muscle activities. Mitochondria injection significantly attenuated the oxidative stress and increased the expression of neurotrophic factors both in injured nerves and denervated muscles, as well as restored muscular integrity, and increased the pool of muscular progenitor cells and total muscle weight.
  
  
  
  Mitochondria injection can protect injured nerves from axonal degeneration both in Vitro and in Vivo. This improvement was accompanied with the expression of neurotrophic factors as well as the reduction of oxidative stress, which may account for the functional recovery of both injured nerves and denervated muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.|Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, China.|School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Tzu-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Agriculture Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Chien-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Agriculture Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Meei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Chou
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.|Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Hung-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009409:Nerve Crush; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Axon degeneration; Axon regeneration; Mitochondria; Nerve crush injury