title: Immunotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have been frustrating to treat, with slow progress made on extending survival. Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints, T cells, and infiltrating lymphocytes has shown promise in early studies. The efficacy of pembrolizumab and nivolumab is encouraging. Anti-chemokine receptors and oncolytic viruses are also making headway against these stubborn tumors; improved results when immune checkpoint inhibitors are combined with radiation therapy are eagerly anticipated. Adoptive T cell therapy and vaccines are also under development. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach cannot be emphasized enough.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan. tdoi@east.ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000077594:Nivolumab; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000077594:Nivolumab; C582435:pembrolizumab
keywords: Esophageal neoplasms/TH; Immunotherapy