title: Psychometric Testing of Two Chinese-Version Scales on Attitudes Toward and Caregiving Behaviors for End-of-Life Patients and Families.
abstract: The study purpose was to examine the validities and reliabilities of the Chinese-versions Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale (Attitudes Scale) and Caregiving Behaviors Scale for End-of-Life Patients and Families (Behaviors Scale). The scales were tested in a convenience sample of 318 nurses with ≥6 months work experience at three hospitals. Cronbach's alphas of the Attitudes and Behaviors Scales were .90 and .96, respectively. Each scale had Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index >.85 and Bartlett's test of sphericity >4000 ( p < .001). Attitudes Scale loaded on three factors: respecting and caring for dying patients and families, avoiding care of the dying, and involving patients and families in end-of-life care. The Behaviors Scale loaded on two factors: supporting dying patients and families, and helping families cope with grief. Factor loadings for both scales were ≥.49. Both Attitudes and Behaviors Scales are reliable and valid for evaluating nurses' attitudes and caregiving behaviors for the dying.
authors.affiliation: 1 Hsuan Chuang University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 2 Ching Kuo Institute, Management and Health, & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yung-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 3 National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Huey-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 4 National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsien-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: 5 Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: 3 National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jen-Jiuan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D013727:Terminal Care
keywords: attitudes toward EOL care; caregiving behaviors; dying patient and family; end-of-life care