title: Emotion dysregulation explains the relation between insomnia symptoms and negative reinforcement smoking cognitions among daily smokers.
abstract: Insomnia co-occurs with smoking. However, mechanisms that may explain their comorbidity are not well known.
  
  
  
  The present study tested the hypothesis that insomnia would exert an indirect effect on negative reinforcement smoking processes via emotion dysregulation among 126 adult non-treatment seeking daily smokers (55 females; Mage=44.1years, SD=9.72). Negative reinforcement smoking processes included negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies, negative reinforcement smoking motives, and two negative expectancies from brief smoking abstinence (somatic symptoms and harmful consequences).
  
  
  
  Insomnia symptoms yielded a significant indirect effect through emotion dysregulation for negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies, negative reinforcement smoking motives, and harmful consequences expectancies from brief smoking abstinence. In contrast to prediction, however, insomnia was not associated with somatic symptom expectancies from brief smoking abstinence through emotion dysregulation.
  
  
  
  These data may suggest that the indirect effect of emotion dysregulation is more relevant to cognitive-affective negative reinforcement processes rather than somatic states. Overall, the present findings contribute to a growing body of literature linking emotion dysregulation as an explanatory mechanism for insomnia and smoking and uniquely extend such work to an array of clinically significant negative reinforcement smoking processes.
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Brooke Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: Samantha G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Candice A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: mjzvolen@central.uh.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D000073869:Tobacco Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Emotion dysregulation; Insomnia; Sleep; Smoking; Tobacco