title: Urinary infection due toBalantioides coli: a rare accidental zoonotic disease in an addicted and diabetic young female in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Balantiosis, a rare zoonotic infection resulting in dysentery, is caused by the large ciliated protozoan parasiteBalantioides coli. Humans acquire this organism via the faecal-oral route. Very rarely, extraintestinal infections can occur in the urinary tract system. There are very few case reports of urinary balantiosis in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, an interesting case of urinary balantiosis in a 35-year-old addicted woman with multiple health problems including spontaneous abortion and diabetes is reported. Her midstream urine sample, collected while all sterile precautions were being taken, demonstratedB.colialong withTrichomonas vaginalisand bacteria.B. coliwas identified by its characteristic morphology and rapid rotary motility in the urinary tract, which is an abnormal site for invasion by this parasite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is only the eighth case described in literature in whichB. coliwas detected in urine sediment; it is reported for its rarity and for future reference.
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soleimanpour
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of 22nd Bahman hospital, Khaf, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, 22nd Bahman hospital, Khaf, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolghayyoum Movahhedi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roudi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedeh Sara
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Raeisalsadati
keywords: Balantioides coli; Trichomonas vaginalis; urinary balantiosis