title: B-vitamin Supplementation Mitigates Effects of Fine Particles on Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Inflammation: A Pilot Human Intervention Trial.
abstract: Ambient fine particle (PM2.5) pollution triggers acute cardiovascular events. Individual-level preventions are proposed to complement regulation in reducing the global burden of PM2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases. We determine whether B vitamin supplementation mitigates PM2.5effects on cardiac autonomic dysfunction and inflammation in a single-blind placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. Ten healthy adults received two-hour controlled-exposure-experiment to sham under placebo, PM2.5(250 μg/m3) under placebo, and PM2.5(250 μg/m3) under B-vitamin supplementation (2.5 mg/d folic acid, 50 mg/d vitamin B6, and 1 mg/d vitamin B12), respectively. At pre-, post-, 24 h-post-exposure, we measured resting heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) with electrocardiogram, and white blood cell (WBC) counts with hematology analyzer. Compared to sham, PM2.5exposure increased HR (3.8 bpm, 95% CI: 0.3, 7.4; P = 0.04), total WBC count (11.5%, 95% CI: 0.3%, 24.0%; P = 0.04), lymphocyte count (12.9%, 95% CI: 4.4%, 22.1%; P = 0.005), and reduced low-frequency power (57.5%, 95% CI: 2.5%, 81.5%; P = 0.04). B-vitamin supplementation attenuated PM2.5effect on HR by 150% (P = 0.003), low-frequency power by 90% (P = 0.01), total WBC count by 139% (P = 0.006), and lymphocyte count by 106% (P = 0.02). In healthy adults, two-hour PM2.5exposure substantially increases HR, reduces HRV, and increases WBC. These effects are reduced by B vitamin supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trevisi
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational &Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urch
authors.affiliation: Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational &Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Coull
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational &Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational &Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China.
authors.forename: Shaowei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutrakis
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational &Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Diane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baccarelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12