title: Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming: Epigenetics and applications in the regenerative medicine.
abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed into an embryonic-like pluripotent state by the expression of specific transcription factors. iPSC technology is expected to revolutionize regenerative medicine in the near future. Despite the fact that these cells have the capacity to self-renew, they present low efficiency of reprogramming. Recent studies have demonstrated that the previous somatic epigenetic signature is a limiting factor in iPSC performance. Indeed, the process of effective reprogramming involves a complete remodeling of the existing somatic epigenetic memory, followed by the establishment of a "new epigenetic signature" that complies with the new type of cell to be differentiated. Therefore, further investigations of epigenetic modifications associated with iPSC reprogramming are required in an attempt to improve their self-renew capacity and potency, as well as their application in regenerative medicine, with a new strategy to reduce the damage in degenerative diseases. Our review aimed to summarize the most recent findings on epigenetics and iPSC, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, highlighting their potential in translating cell therapy into clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Maria Sampaio
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael Cabral
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeniffer Farias Dos
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Magno Martins
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo (IQ/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar Batista
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006657:Histones; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D035683:MicroRNAs; D044968:Regenerative Medicine
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D035683:MicroRNAs