title: State-of-the-Art: a Review of Cardiovascular Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Adult Males.
abstract: According to an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline published in June 2010, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) should be administered only to men who are hypogonadal with documented low testosterone level on two morning measurements. This recommendation was based on previous studies that did not show an increased risk in cardiovascular events with TRT. In contrast, recent studies did show an increased risk which prompted the FDA to investigate further.
  
  
  
  Multiple studies suggested an increased risk in cardiovascular events among groups of men prescribed TRT. There is recent evidence that TRT can be associated with higher cardiovascular risks, while these risks are still not well established, and more well-designed trials are needed. Physicians should always be cautious when prescribing TRT to their patients. Potential risks should be discussed with each patient, and TRT requires regular monitoring to help minimize side effects.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Medicine, Ashtabula County Medical Center, Ashtabula, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elsherbiny
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy, Ashtabula County Medical Center, Ashtabula, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tricomi
authors.affiliation: Canton Medical Education Foundation, Canton, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Digant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Ashtabula County Medical Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. harikumar7@yahoo.com.|Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. harikumar7@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hari Kumar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Dandapantula
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D013739:Testosterone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Atherogenesis; Atherosclerosis; Coronary artery disease; Erectile dysfunction; Hypogonadism; Myocardial infarction; Sexual dysfunction; Testosterone