title: Partial Sleep Deprivation Attenuates the Positive Affective System: Effects Across Multiple Measurement Modalities.
abstract: Ample behavioral and neurobiological evidence links sleep and affective functioning. Recent self-report evidence suggests that the affective problems associated with sleep loss may be stronger for positive versus negative affective state and that those effects may be mediated by changes in electroencepholographically measured slow wave sleep (SWS). In the present study, we extend those preliminary findings using multiple measures of affective functioning.
  
  
  
  In a within-subject randomized crossover experiment, we tested the effects of one night of sleep continuity disruption via forced awakenings (FA) compared to one night of uninterrupted sleep (US) on three measures of positive and negative affective functioning: self-reported affective state, affective pain modulation, and affect-biased attention.
  
  
  
  The study was set in an inpatient clinical research suite.
  
  
  
  Healthy, good sleeping adults (N = 45) were included.
  
  
  
  Results indicated that a single night of sleep continuity disruption attenuated positive affective state via FA-induced reductions in SWS. Additionally, sleep continuity disruption attenuated the inhibition of pain by positive affect as well as attention bias to positive affective stimuli. Negative affective state, negative affective pain facilitation, nor negative attention bias were altered by sleep continuity disruption.
  
  
  
  The present findings, observed across multiple measures of affective function, suggest that sleep continuity disruption has a stronger influence on the positive affective system relative to the negative affective affective system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Finan
authors.affiliation: Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Quartana
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Remeniuk
authors.affiliation: College of Social Work & Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rhudy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.affiliation: Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000070379:Attentional Bias; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: affect; attention; depression; emotion; pain; sleep