title: Identification of salivary protein biomarkers for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption.
abstract: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is one of the most prevalent and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to discover potential diagnostic protein biomarkers for detection of OIIRR in whole saliva (WS).
  
  
  
  Unstimulated WS was collected from 72 subjects: 48 OIIRR patients and 24 untreated, generally healthy, age and gender matched controls. Radiographic assessment of periapical x-rays of four upper incisors taken before and 9 months after bonding was done. High-abundance proteins were depleted followed by two-dimensional-gel-electrophoresis and quantitative mass spectrometry (qMS). Finally, to initially validate qMS results, Western blotting was performed.
  
  
  
  qMS revealed differentially expressed proteins in the moderate-to-severe OIIRR group, which have never been found in WS before. Additionally, in the moderate-to-severe young OIIRR group, the pathogenetic mechanisms related to actin cytoskeleton regulation and Fc gamma R- mediated phagocytosis were detected, while in adults- to focal adhesion. Preliminary validation by Western blotting of fetuin-A and p21-ARC indicated expression profile trends similar to those identified by qMS.
  
  
  
  The significance of WS novel proteomic methodologies is clearly demonstrated for detecting new OIIRR biomarkers as well as for unveiling possible novel pathogenetic mechanisms in both young and adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel.|Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Karolina Elżbieta
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9243-3652
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kaczor-Urbanowicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Batia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaks
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krief
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel.
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaushu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmon
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D040901:Proteomics; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides
keywords: Biomarkers; Mass spectrometry; Orthodontic treatment; Root resorption; Saliva