title: Optimized Multiresidue Analysis of Organic Contaminants of Priority Concern in a Daily Consumed Fish (Grass Carp).
abstract: The organic contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are of priority concern because of their persistence, toxicity, and long-distance transportation in global environment. Their residues in a daily consumed fish (grass carp) pose potential threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. The present study optimized an analytical protocol of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), lip-removal by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), cleanup by solid phase cartridge (SC) or adsorption chromatography column (CC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Besides traditional statistical parameters, some indicators were calculated to judge the performances of extraction by various methods. The optimization experiment showed that n-hexane/acetone was the best MEA extraction solvent; an optimal fraction time of 10-39 min could simultaneously elute all the target chemicals in a single GPC run. Both CC and SC showed good recoveries. However, CC performed better than SC (p< 0.05) for OCPs, and SC performed better than CC for PBDEs (p< 0.05). We also emphasized the limitations and advantages of SC and CC and finally proposed SC as the promising cleanup method because of its low-cost materials, time-saving steps, being free of manual filling, and operation by automated SPE system.
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Wenxiu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xiangzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China.
authors.forename: Qishuang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Fuliu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4242-7817
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu