title: Clinical evaluation of brief cognitive assessment measures for patients with severe dementia.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease has become an important public health burden for older adults. Clinicians face a challenging task to efficiently evaluate cognition in dementia in clinical settings. We sought to assess the validity and inter-correlations of brief cognitive assessments in a cohort of severely demented patients.
  
  
  
  In total, 49 individual patients (N = 49) ranging in age from 62 to 97 years old were included in this performance improvement project. Over the course of two-three sessions, five cognitive instruments were administered to each patient: Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Severe Impairment Battery-8 (SIB-8), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Severe Mini Mental State Examination (sMMSE) and Brief Interview of Mental Status (BIMS). We sought to assess patient factors that might have been barriers to optimal performance on cognitive/functional tests. Researchers assessed her impression of the participants' difficulty comprehending instructions, distractibility, apparent fatigue, and frustration, which were the four barriers rated.
  
  
  
  Data were analyzed for 49 patients from the inpatient dementia unit with a total of 51 samples. All of the inter-correlations between the five cognitive instruments had Spearman coefficients of (rs) > 0.7 and were statistically significant with p < 0.001. The SIB-8 and sMMSE were positively correlated with the SIB. The perceived barrier scores ranged from 0- no issue to 1-mild issue on all five cognitive instruments.
  
  
  
  Brief cognitive tests designed for severe dementia such as the SIB-8 and sMMSE have been evaluated in this project to be shorter in administration duration and highly correlated with gold standard instruments: the SIB and MMSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: Jasmine S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1110-3035
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School,Dallas,Texas,USA.
authors.forename: Deborah G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Saddington
authors.affiliation: University Southampton Hospital,Hampshire,UK.
authors.forename: Celia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shiles
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine,Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: Kavya P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Sreevalsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: alzheimer's; cognitive assessment; dementia; mental status examination