title: Haemophilus influenzaetype a as a cause of paediatric septic arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incidence rates of invasiveHaemophilus influenzaeserotype b disease have decreased significantly since the introduction of the Hib vaccine; however, the rates in indigenous populations remain disproportionately high, specifically in the paediatric population. Additionally, with the decline of type b invasive infections, there has been a rebound in the incidence of invasive infections caused by other strains ofH. influenzae, particularly serotype a.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a paediatric case of septic arthritis caused byH. influenzaetype a in a toddler that was fully resolved following antibiotic therapy. This report adds to other reports of septic arthritis in indigenous populations as shown through a review of recently documentedH. influenzaetype a septic arthritis cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socio-economic risk factors for invasiveH. influenzaetype a disease, such as poverty, poor housing conditions, overcrowding, smoking and substance abuse during pregnancy, as well as the need forH. influenzaetype a immunization of vulnerable populations, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ontario School of Medicine , 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 , Canada.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorgrimson
authors.affiliation: Northern Ontario School of Medicine , 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 , Canada.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulanova
keywords: Haemophilus influenzae; indigenous populations; septic arthritis