title: Association of ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 with clinical tuberculosis: evidence from cohorts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, household contacts and community controls in an endemic setting.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) early secreted protein antigen 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are among candidate vaccines against tuberculosis (TB). Results of experimental animal models show that these antigens are associated with induction of strong T cell immunity [interferon (IFN)-γ production], while others report that these proteins as virulent factors involved in pathogenicity of Mtb infection. However, the role of ESAT-6/CFP-10 during natural Mtb infections in humans has not been established. In this paper we present results of a longitudinal study from an Mtb-infected human population from an endemic setting. Whole blood assay was used to determine levels of IFN-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 against rESAT-6/CFP-10 in TB patients, household contacts and community controls. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 against rESAT-6/CFP-10 at baseline were significantly higher in patients and community controls than in household contacts. In patients, no significant difference was observed in the level of these cytokines before and after chemotherapy whereas, in contacts, the level of these cytokines increased significantly and progressively over time. The study shows that the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 against rESAT-6/CFP-10 are depressed during Mtb infection or exposure but are elevated during clinical TB. Our findings from a study of naturally infected human population suggest that IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 against rESAT-6/CFP-10 are markers for clinical TB but not for protective immunity.
authors.affiliation: University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8423-7915
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abebe
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.|Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belay
authors.affiliation: Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Legesse
authors.affiliation: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mihret
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Franken
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D005002:Ethiopia; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C117940:CFP-10 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; C093276:ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: CFP-10; ESAT-6; IFN-γ; IL-10; TNF-α; immunity; tuberculosis