title: Longitudinal Motion Assessment of the Carotid Artery Using Speckle Tracking and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform.
abstract: The purpose of this work is to present and validate a novel approach for ultra-sound-based speckle tracking to measure the carotid artery longitudinal displacement, and to assess the apparent sliding between of Intima-Media Complex (IMC) and Adventitia (Ad) layers. This method utilizes feature detectors and descriptors to localize and track keypoints for local motion quantification. The procedure was tested and validated on an in silico dataset and on 18 heathy volunteers and 16 patients. Accuracy measured on in silico data gave a mean ± standard deviation of 23 ± 15 and 19 ± 18 μm for IMC and Ad respectively, and thus smaller than the pixel size (0.0925 mm). Robustness analysis was performed on in vivo images, obtaining a maximum variation coefficient, over 5 repeated measures, of 9.5 and 13.8% for IMC and Ad, respectively. The novel method capability for detecting the relative motion of IMC vs. Ad was compared with visual assessment performed by 2 physicians, leading to a correlation coefficient R of 0.7 in the worst case. (Healthy group scored by rater #1.) In conclusion, our results provide evidence that the novel method is able to accurately and reliably track carotid artery layer motion and that it overcomes limitations currently present in the literature, therefore providing an automatic tool for clinical evaluation of IMC vs. Ad relative displacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. s.scaramuzzino@unicz.it.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4602-8880
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scaramuzzino
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pileggi
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gnasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Francesca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Spadea
mesh_terms: D063194:Adventitia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D015588:Observer Variation; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Feature detection; Motion tracking; Ultrasound