title: Nanostructure-Directed Chemical Sensing: The IHSAB Principle and the Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Functionalization on Metal Oxide Decorated Interface Response.
abstract: The response matrix, as metal oxide nanostructure decoratedn-type semiconductor interfaces are modifiedin situthrough direct amination and through treatment with organic sulfides and thiols, is demonstrated. Nanostructured TiO₂, SnOx, NiO and CuxO (x= 1,2), in order of decreasing Lewis acidity, are deposited to a porous silicon interface to direct a dominant electron transduction process for reversible chemical sensing in the absence of significant chemical bond formation. The metal oxide sensing sites can be modified to decrease their Lewis acidity in a process appearing to substitute nitrogen or sulfur, providing a weak interaction to form the oxynitrides and oxysulfides. Treatment with triethylamine and diethyl sulfide decreases the Lewis acidity of the metal oxide sites. Treatment with acidic ethane thiol modifies the sensor response in an opposite sense, suggesting that there are thiol (SH) groups present on the surface that provide a Brønsted acidity to the surface. Thein situmodification of the metal oxides deposited to the interface changes the reversible interaction with the analytes, NH₃ and NO. The observed change for either the more basic oxynitrides or oxysulfides or the apparent Brønsted acid sites produced from the interaction of the thiols do not represent a simple increase in surface basicity or acidity, but appear to involve a change in molecular electronic structure, which is well explained using the recently developed inverse hard and soft acids and bases (IHSAB) model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. wlaminack3@gatech.edu.
authors.forename: William I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Laminack
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. james.gole@physics.gatech.edu.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. james.gole@physics.gatech.edu.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gole
keywords: nanostructure directed sensing; nitrogen and sulfur functionalization