title: Relationship between Symptoms of Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Unsafe Internet Usage in Early Adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children and adolescents are at the highest risk for negative effects of internet usage. Risk taking and erroneous decision making have been described as major behavioral characteristics of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD and its association particularly with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder are correlated with risk-taking behaviors. This study was conducted to evaluate how disruptive behavior disorder symptoms are associated with internet usage, particularly unsafe internet usage, in early adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 1389 secondary school students was invited to the survey. All children were given an invitation letter and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) forms were sent to their parents. The accepted participants filled in questionnaire forms, which consisted of questions interrogating demographic information and internet usage habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses indicated that 27.4% (n=249) of the participants encountered unwanted content unintentionally and nearly one-third (n=280, 30.4%) had chatted online with people they did not know. Additionally, respondents who had more severe ADHD symptoms were more likely to report surfing online mainly for the purpose of chatting than respondents with milder ADHD symptoms. Students with comparatively higher attention deficit scores were also significantly more likely to report meeting in person with strangers they knew only from internet chatting. Analyses have demonstrated the presence of a significant difference between study participants with and without conduct disorder as for internet overusage or meeting with their internet acquaintances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that there may be a significant relation between ADHD symptoms, conduct disorder and pathological and unsafe internet usage. Evaluating adolescents with ADHD and conduct disorder with this risk in mind is important in the development of both preventive and interventional strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uncu
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine Zinnur
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Kiliç
keywords: Internet usage habits; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms; conduct problems; early adolescence; unsafe internet usage