title: Protein-lipid nanohybrids as emerging platforms for drug and gene delivery: Challenges and outcomes.
abstract: Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been long used to deliver a vast range of drugs and bioactives owing to their ability to demonstrate novel physical, chemical, and/or biological properties. An exponential growth has spurred in research and development of these nanocarriers which led to the evolution of a great number of diverse nanosystems including liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), metallic NPs, and carbon nanotubes. Among them, lipid-based nanocarriers have made the largest progress whether commercially or under development. Despite this progress, these lipid-based nanocarriers suffer from several limitations that led to the development of many protein-coated lipid nanocarriers. To less extent, protein-based nanocarriers suffer from limitations that led to the fabrication of some lipid bilayer enveloping protein nanocarriers. This review discusses in-depth some limitations associated with the lipid-based or protein-based nanocarriers and the fruitful outcomes brought by protein-lipid hybridization. Also discussed are the various hybridization techniques utilized to formulate these protein-lipid nanohybrids and the mechanisms involved in the drug loading process.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.affiliation: Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Medhat
authors.affiliation: Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hany
authors.affiliation: Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nourhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saher
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. Electronic address: fajy@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jia-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt. Electronic address: ahmed_elzoghby@alexu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elzoghby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Drug delivery; Gene delivery; Lipid nanoparticles; Liposomes; Nanohybrids; Protein nanoparticles