title: Adaptation, Further Elaboration, and Validation of a Scale to Measure Hope as Perceived by People: Discriminant Value and Predictive Utility Vis-à-Vis Dispositional Hope.
abstract: Against the background of different psychological conceptualizations of hope, this article elaborates and validates a measure to assess hope as perceived by the general public adapting it from the hope and optimism subscale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs Questionnaire. The results presented here are part of a yearly Internet-based cross-sectional survey in Germany and Switzerland called Hope-Barometer, from which 4 samples of 3 different years with about 17,500 participants have been used. Following the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as convergent validity, discriminant value, and predictive utility, our findings suggest that the six items of the resulting Perceived Hope Scale exhibits robust psychometric properties, and that perceived hope is distinct and broader than dispositional hope, in which it relates not only to cognitive but also to spiritual, religious, and altruistic dimensions.
authors.affiliation: University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.|swissfuture, Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.|Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.|IFEPS Angers Les Ponts de Cé, Les Ponts-de-Cé, France.|CREAD - EA 3875 - ESPE de Bretagne - UBO.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin-Krumm
authors.affiliation: Chart EA 4004, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre, Nanterre, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fenouillet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013557:Switzerland; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: WHOQOL-SRPB; dispositional hope; perceived hope; self-efficacy; spirituality