title: Plasma Symmetric Dimethylarginine Concentration in Dogs with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is considered a biomarker for early detection of renal dysfunction in human patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). At present, no studies exist analyzing the relevance of SDMA in dogs with AKI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  SDMA would correctly identify dogs with renal disease but would not be able to differentiate between AKI and CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen healthy control dogs, 48 dogs with AKI, and 29 dogs with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study. Dogs with kidney disease were categorized as having AKI or CKD according to the history, clinical signs, laboratory findings, and results of diagnostic imaging. Plasma SDMA concentration was measured by IDEXX Laboratories. SDMA/creatinine ratio was calculated in dogs with AKI or CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median SDMA concentrations were 8.5 μg/dL (6-12 μg/dL), 39.5 μg/dL (8->100 μg/dL), and 35 μg/dL (12->100 μg/dL), in healthy, AKI, and CKD, respectively. SDMA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with AKI (P < .0001) or CKD (P < .0001) in comparison with healthy dogs. Median SDMA/creatinine ratio in dogs with AKI and CKD was 6.5 (1.7-20.9) and 10 (2.4-33.9) (P = .0004), respectively. Although there was overlap of the SDMA/creatinine ratio in dogs with AKI or CKD, it was significantly higher in dogs with CKD compared to dogs with AKI (P = .0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, SDMA was suitable for identifying dogs affected by AKI or CKD, but could not differentiate between them.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: D P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-4224
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dahlem
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schweighauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Francey
authors.affiliation: IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yerramilli
authors.affiliation: IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Obare
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: S M L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-6804
authors.initials: SML
authors.lastname: Steinbach
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C024917:symmetric dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Azotemia; Methylated arginines; Renal biomarker; Renal function