title: Time-Dependent Differences in the Influence of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Vasomotor Functions in Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) facilitates the development of cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis, which is accelerated by defects of the vascular endothelium. Vascular dysfunction in response to nitric oxide (NO) occurs in the mesenteric arteries of an animal model of MetS, SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats. Vascular responses to vasodilators are affected by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) that surrounds the outsides of arteries. In this study, we assessed the role of PVAT in vascular dysfunction observed in SHRSP.ZF.
  
  
  
  To determine the effects of PVAT on vasodilators in SHRSP.ZF and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, we used organ bath bioassay techniques to assay acetylcholine and nitroprusside-induced relaxations of isolated mesenteric arterial ring preparations with PVAT intact or removed.
  
  
  
  A PVAT-mediated enhancement of relaxations induced by acetylcholine and nitroprusside occurred in SHRSP.ZF at 20 weeks of age, but not at 10 and 30 weeks, and did not occur in WKY. Furthermore, the enhancing effects of PVAT from SHRSP.ZF at 20 weeks could not be substituted by replacement with PVAT from either WKY or 30-week-old SHRSP.ZF, was inhibited by NO synthase inhibitor, and abolished by removal of the arteries' endothelium. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation elicited by nitroprusside was higher in SHRSP.ZF arteries with PVAT than arteries without PVAT at 20 weeks, but the enhancement of cGMP accumulation did not occur at 30 weeks.
  
  
  
  PVAT may regulate arterial tone by releasing diffusible vasorelaxing factor(s), which, through endothelium-derived NO production, compensates for impaired vasodilations at early stages of MetS.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagota
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Canada .
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinozuka
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: mesenteric artery; metabolic syndrome; nitric oxide; perivascular adipose tissue; vasodilation