title: Comparison of independent screens on differentially vulnerable motor neurons reveals alpha-synuclein as a common modifier in motor neuron diseases.
abstract: The term "motor neuron disease" encompasses a spectrum of disorders in which motor neurons are the primary pathological target. However, in both patients and animal models of these diseases, not all motor neurons are equally vulnerable, in that while some motor neurons are lost very early in disease, others remain comparatively intact, even at late stages. This creates a valuable system to investigate the factors that regulate motor neuron vulnerability. In this study, we aim to use this experimental paradigm to identify potential transcriptional modifiers. We have compared the transcriptome of motor neurons from healthy wild-type mice, which are differentially vulnerable in the childhood motor neuron disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), and have identified 910 transcriptional changes. We have compared this data set with published microarray data sets on other differentially vulnerable motor neurons. These neurons were differentially vulnerable in the adult onset motor neuron disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but the screen was performed on the equivalent population of neurons from neurologically normal human, rat and mouse. This cross species comparison has generated a refined list of differentially expressed genes, including CELF5, Col5a2, PGEMN1, SNCA, Stmn1 and HOXa5, alongside a further enrichment for synaptic and axonal transcripts. As an in vivo validation, we demonstrate that the manipulation of a significant number of these transcripts can modify the neurodegenerative phenotype observed in a Drosophila line carrying an ALS causing mutation. Finally, we demonstrate that vector-mediated expression of alpha-synuclein (SNCA), a transcript decreased in selectively vulnerable motor neurons in all four screens, can extend life span, increase weight and decrease neuromuscular junction pathology in a mouse model of SMA. In summary, we have combined multiple data sets to identify transcripts, which are strong candidates for being phenotypic modifiers, and demonstrated SNCA is a modifier of pathology in motor neuron disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1692-2208
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.affiliation: Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kaifer
authors.affiliation: Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.|Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Erkan Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carella
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ariana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiberi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jolill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Giuseppa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennetta
authors.affiliation: Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.|Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christian L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lorson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lyndsay M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6841-702X
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C497605:Snca protein, mouse; D051844:alpha-Synuclein