title: Evaluation of the R2* value in invasive ductal carcinoma with respect to hypoxic-related prognostic factors using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares emission (IDEAL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate the R2* value obtained by iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares emission (IDEAL) with fibrotic focus (FF), microvessel density and hypoxic biomarker (HIF-1α) in breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients who were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast underwent breast MRI including IDEAL before surgery. The entire region of interest (ROI) was delineated on the R2* map, and average tumour R2* value was calculated for each ROI. Histological specimens were evaluated for the presence of FF, the microvessel density (the average microvessel density and the ratio of peripheral to central microvessel density), and the grading of HIF-1α.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FF was identified in 47.6% (20/42) of IDCs. Average R2* value for IDC with FF (42.4±13.2 Hz) was significantly higher than that without FF (28.5±13.9 Hz) (P = 0.01). Spearman rank correlation suggested that the average R2* value correlated with the grade of HIF-1α and the ratio of peripheral to central microvessel density for IDCs (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantification of tumour R2* using IDEAL is associated with the presence of FF and the overexpression of HIF-1α, and may therefore be useful in predicting hypoxia of breast carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • R2* value obtained by IDEAL correlates with the overexpression of HIF-1α. • R2* value obtained by IDEAL is associated with fibrotic focus. • R2* quantification may be useful in predicting hypoxia of breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan. a-taka@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimajiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuji
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Second department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Second department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D014867:Water
keywords: Breast; Breast cancer; Hypoxic prognostic factor; Invasive ductal carcinoma; MRI