title: Phylogenetic positioning of the Antarctic alga Prasiola crispa (Trebouxiophyceae) using organellar genomes and their structural analysis.
abstract: Antarctica is one of the most difficult habitats for sustaining life on earth; organisms that live there have developed different strategies for survival. Among these organisms is the green alga Prasiola crispa, belonging to the class Trebouxiophyceae. The literature on P. crispa taxonomy is scarce, and many gaps in the evolutionary relationship with its closest relatives remain. The goal of this study was to analyze the evolutionary relationships between P. crispa and other green algae using plastid and mitochondrial genomes. In addition, we analyzed the synteny conservation of these genomes of P. crispa with those of closely related species. Based on the plastid genome, P. crispa grouped with Prasiolopsis sp. SAG 84.81, another Trebouxiophyceaen species from the Prasiola clade. Based on the mitochondrial genome analysis, P. crispa grouped with other Trebouxiophyceaen species but had a basal position. The structure of the P. crispa chloroplast genome had low synteny with Prasiolopsis sp. SAG 84.81, despite some conserved gene blocks. The same was observed in the mitochondrial genome compared with Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C-169. We were able to establish the phylogenetic position of P. crispa with other species of Trebouxiophyceae using its genomes. In addition, we described the plasticity of these genomes using a structural analysis. The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of P. crispa will be useful for further genetic studies, phylogenetic analysis and resource protection of P. crispa as well as for further phylogenetic analysis of Trebouxiophyceaen green algae.
authors.affiliation: Applied Proteomics Laboratory, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evelise Leis
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, 50740-465, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Luz
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wallau
authors.affiliation: Applied Proteomics Laboratory, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Darlene Lopes
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.affiliation: Applied Proteomics Laboratory, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís Ceschini
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: NEVA, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Batista
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: NEVA, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe De Carvalho
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Victoria
authors.affiliation: Applied Proteomics Laboratory, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano Tomazzoni
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Boldo
authors.affiliation: Applied Proteomics Laboratory, University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Marcos
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8513-0335
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D005075:Biological Evolution; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D018745:Genome, Plant; D054627:Genome, Plastid; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: 
  Prasiola crispa
  ; Antarctic algae; chloroplast genome; green algae phylogeny; mitochondrial genome