title: Multifunctional hetero-nanostructures of hydroxyl-rich polycation wrapped cellulose-gold hybrids for combined cancer therapy.
abstract: The development of new hetero-nanostructures for multifunctional applications in cancer therapy has attracted widespread attention. In this work, we put forward a facile approach to synthesize multifunctional hetero-nanostructures of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-gold nanoparticle hybrids wrapped with low-toxic hydroxyl-rich polycations to integrate versatile functions for effective cancer therapy. Biocompatible CNCs with the superior rod-like morphology for high cellular uptake were employed as substrates to flexibly load spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) or gold nanorods (Au NRs) through gold-thiolate bonds, producing hetero-layered nanohybrids of CNC-Au NPs or CNC-Au NRs. Profound hydroxyl-rich cationic gene carrier, CD-PGEA (comprising β-cyclodextrin cores and ethanolamine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) arms), was then assembled onto the surface of CNC-Au nanohybrids through host-guest interaction and gold-thiolate bonds, where PEG was employed as the intermediate and spacer. The resultant CNC-Au-PGEA hetero-nanostructures exhibited excellent performances as gene carriers. Furthermore, CNC-Au NR-PGEA comprising Au NRs demonstrated favorable optical absorption properties and were validated for photoacoustic imaging and combined photothermal/gene therapy with considerable antitumor effects. The present work provided a flexible strategy for the construction of new multifunctional hetero-nanostructures with high antitumor efficacy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: zhaonn@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: xufj@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fu-Jian
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D010789:Phototherapy; D011073:Polyamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D051381:Rats; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D004247:DNA; D006046:Gold; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008689:Methacrylates; D011073:Polyamines; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; C031215:betadex
keywords: CD-PGEA; Cellulose nanocrystal; Combined therapy; Gold nanorod; Photoacoustic imaging