title: Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Chinese and Bay Starvine (Schisandra spp.): Potential for Development as a New Dietary Supplement Ingredient.
abstract: Schisandra chinensis (Chinese starvine) is a popular dietary supplement with a rich history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Schisandra glabra (bay starvine) is the only North American representative of the genus, and little is known about its history of traditional use, chemistry, and potential biological activity. In this study, we conducted comparative high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis on S. glabra and S. chinensis fruits. Additional characterization of S. glabra was performed by liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LC-FTMS). Quantitative analysis of four bioactive marker compounds revealed that S. glabra does not have statistically higher levels of schisandrin A or schisandrol B than S. chinensis. S. glabra has lower levels of schisandrol A and γ-schisandrin. Total phenolic contents of the two species' fruits were not statistically different. S. glabra had higher total tannin content than S. chinensis. We discuss the relevance of this analytical analysis to the study of S. glabra as a potential dietary supplement ingredient and give specific consideration to the conservation challenges involved in commercially developing a regionally threatened species, even in semicultivated conditions.
authors.affiliation: a Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.|b The Bent Creek Institute , Asheville , NC , USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lyles
authors.affiliation: a Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.affiliation: c Emory Herbarium, Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.|d Herbal Anthropology Project , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.affiliation: e Department of Dermatology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: f Department of Environmental Sciences , Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Carl F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: f Department of Environmental Sciences , Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Stefanie T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: a Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.|c Emory Herbarium, Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta , GA , USA.|e Department of Dermatology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Cassandra L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Quave
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D034242:Cyclooctanes / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D017705:Lignans / Q000032:analysis; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D034242:Cyclooctanes; D004149:Dioxoles; D017705:Lignans; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D013634:Tannins; C520474:schisandrol A; C015499:schizandrin B; C033585:schizandrol B; C034734:schizandrin A
keywords: Schisandra chinensis; Schisandra glabra; conservation; dietary supplements; schisandrin A; schisandrol A; schisandrol B; γ-schisandrin