title: Oxygen uptake and body composition after aquatic physical training in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aquatic physical training (APT) has been strongly recommended to improve symptoms in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). However, its effects on body composition and whether lean body mass (LBM) directly influences the aerobic functional capacity of this population are still not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether APT can help improve body composition and increase the aerobic functional capacity in women with FMS, and whether oxygen uptake (VO2) related to LBM can better quantify the functional capacity of this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four women with FMS were randomly assigned to trained group (TG, N.=27) or control group (CG, N.=27).
  
  
  METHODS
  All women underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to assess oxygen consumption at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) and at peak exercise, and also to assess body composition. The TG was submitted to APT program, held twice a week for 16 weeks. The exercise intensity was adapted throughout the sessions in order to keep heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion achieved at VAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After APT, body composition was not significantly different between groups (TG and CG). In VAT only TG showed increased VO2 related to LBM, since in peak CPET, VO2 in absolute units, VO2 related to total body mass (TBM), VO2 related to LBM and power showed significant differences. Significant difference between VO2 related to TBM and VO2 related to baseline LBM and after 16 weeks of follow-up, both in VAT as in peak CPET in both groups. Significant difference between VO2 related to TBM and VO2 related to LBM at VAT and at peak CPET in both groups at baseline and after 16 weeks of follow-up was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APT with standardized intensities did not cause significant changes in body composition, but was effective in promoting increased VO2 at peak CPET in women with FMS. However, VO2 related to LBM more accurately reflected changes in aerobic functional capacity at VAT level after to APT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APT with standardized intensities at VAT level is of great interest, since VAT reflects better aerobic functional capacity of patients with FMS than maximum VO2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil - carolina-pieroni@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zamunér
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meire
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thalita F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tamburús
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D001938:Brazil; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome