title: The Beneficial Effect of Carboxylated Poly-L-Lysine on Cryosurvival of Vitrified Early Stage Embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the vitrification of embryos, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most effective cryoprotectant agents (CPAs), but cytotoxic effects of DMSO on embryos are well known. Carboxylated poly-L-lysine (CPLL) has been identified as an effective cryoprotectant of cultured cell lines and mammalian oocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CPLL as a CPA for developmental stage embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse 8-cell embryos and blastocysts were vitrified with ethylene glycol (EG), DMSO/EG, or CPLL/EG and the developmental potency assessed in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 8-cell embryos, there were no differences between the levels of survival and developmental progress into the blastocyst stage in each solution. At the blastocyst stage, the proportion of dead cells was significantly higher in the EG compared with other solutions. In contrast, there were no differences between the DMSO/EG and CPLL/EG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that CPLL can be used as a replacement for DMSO in the vitrification of mouse embryos.
authors.affiliation: Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan. tsuji@hanabusaclinic.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokeguchi
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Center for Fiber and Textile Science Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Kyoto Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hyon
authors.affiliation: Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiotani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D011107:Polylysine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058989:Vitrification
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D011107:Polylysine; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide