title: Immigrants' utilization of specialist mental healthcare according to age, country of origin, and migration history: a nation-wide register study in Norway.
abstract: As the immigrant population rises in Norway, it becomes ever more important to consider the responsiveness of health services to the specific needs of these immigrants. It has been questioned whether access to mental healthcare is adequate among all groups of immigrants. This study aims to examine the use of specialist mental healthcare services among ethnic Norwegians and specific immigrants groups.
  
  
  
  Register data were used from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway. The sample (age 0-59) consisted of 3.3 million ethnic Norwegians and 200,000 immigrants from 11 countries. Poisson regression models were applied to examine variations in the use of specialist mental healthcare during 2008-2011 according to country of origin, age group, reason for immigration, and length of stay.
  
  
  
  Immigrant children and adolescents had overall significantly lower use of specialist mental healthcare than ethnic Norwegians of the same age. A distinct exception was the high utilization rate among children and youth from Iran. Among adult immigrants, utilization rates were generally lower than among ethnic Norwegians, particularly those from Poland, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Adult immigrants from Iraq and Iran, however, had high utilization rates. Refugees had high utilization rates of specialist mental healthcare, while labour immigrants had low use.
  
  
  
  Utilization rates of specialist mental healthcare are lower among immigrants than Norwegians. Immigrants from Poland, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam, had generally quite low rates, while immigrants from Iran had high utilization rates. The findings suggest that specialist mental healthcare in Norway is underutilized among considerable parts of the immigrant population.
authors.affiliation: NOVA, Oslo and Akershus University College, P.O. Box: 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway. dawit.s.abebe@nova.hioa.no.
authors.forename: Dawit Shawel
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abebe
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Dual Diagnosis, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.|Department of Public Health, Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: NOVA, Oslo and Akershus University College, P.O. Box: 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon Ivar
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Elstad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000208:ethnology; D007493:Iraq / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011044:Poland / Q000208:ethnology; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries; D012998:Somalia / Q000208:ethnology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ethnic minority; Immigrant; Mental health care; Register study; Specialist services