title: Improved Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Pathology Correlation With Imaging-Derived, 3D-Printed, Patient-Specific Whole-Mount Molds of the Prostate.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the anatomical registration of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate whole-mount obtained with 3D-printed, patient-specific, MRI-derived molds (PSM) versus conventional whole-mount sectioning (WMS).
  
  
  
  Based on an a priori power analysis, this institutional review board-approved study prospectively included 50 consecutive men who underwent 3 T multiparametric prostate MRI followed by radical prostatectomy. Two blinded and independent readers (R1 and R2) outlined the contours of the prostate, tumor, peripheral, and transition zones in the MRI scans using regions of interest. These were compared with the corresponding regions of interest from the whole-mounted histopathology, the reference standard, using PSM whole-mount results obtained in the study group (n = 25) or conventional WMS in the control group (n = 25). The spatial overlap across the MRI and histology data sets was calculated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for the prostate overall (DSCprostate), tumor (DSCtumor), peripheral (DSCPZ), and transition (DSCTZ) zone. Results in the study and control groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test.
  
  
  
  The MRI histopathology anatomical registration for the prostate gland overall, tumor, peripheral, and transition zones were significantly superior with the use of PSMs (DSCs for R1: 0.95, 0.86, 0.84, and 0.89; for R2: 0.93, 0.75, 0.78, and 0.85, respectively) than with the use of standard WMS (R1: 0.85, 0.46, 0.66, and 0.69; R2: 0.85, 0.46, 0.66, and 0.69) (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  
  The use of PSMs for prostate specimen whole-mount sectioning provides significantly superior anatomical registration of in vivo multiparametric MRI and ex vivo prostate whole-mounts than conventional WMS.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Radiology, †Advanced Imaging Research Center, ‡Urology, and §Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Yonatan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chatzinoff
authors.forename: Niccolo M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Passoni
authors.forename: Payal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rofsky
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torrealba
authors.forename: Franto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Cecil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Futch
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagens
authors.forename: Hollis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Notgrass
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otero-Muinelo
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chopra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*