title: Maslinic Acid Inhibits Proliferation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Suppresses Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells.
abstract: Despite the introduction of many novel therapeutics in clinical practice, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a treatment-resistant cancer. As red and processed meat are considered risk factors for RCC, and a vegetable-rich diet is thought to reduce this risk, research into plant-based therapeutics may provide valuable complementary or alternative therapeutics for the management of RCC. Herein, we present the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of maslinic acid, which occurs naturally in edible plants, particularly in olive fruits, and also in a variety of medicinal plants. Human RCC cell lines (ACHN, Caki-1, and SN12K1), endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cell line [HUVEC]), and primary cultures of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) were treated with maslinic acid. Maslinic acid was relatively less toxic to PTEC when compared with RCC under similar experimental conditions. In RCC cell lines, maslinic acid induced a significant reduction in proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and colony formation. In HUVEC, maslinic acid induced a significant reduction in capillary tube formation in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factor. This study provides a rationale for incorporating a maslinic acid-rich diet either to reduce the risk of developing kidney cancer or as an adjunct to existing antiangiogenic therapy to improve efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; B. R. D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Renal Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Parth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thakor
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; B. R. D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Renal Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Wenzhe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; B. R. D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Renal Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Ramalingam B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; B. R. D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Renal Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Vasudev R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; B. R. D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Renal Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vesey
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; B. R. D. School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Renal Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Glenda C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gobe
keywords: angiogenesis; maslinic acid; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; renal cell carcinoma; vascular endothelial growth factor