title: Serum HE4 Level as a Biomarker to Predict the Recurrence of Gynecologic Cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HE4 may be a valuable early indicator of the recurrence of gynecologic cancers. Numerous studies have shown that high expression levels of serum HE4 correlate with ovarian and endometrial cancer recurrence. High HE4 levels may be an independent factor to predict these cancers' poor prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This literature review investigates the relationship between serum HE4 levels and the recurrence of ovarian and endometrial cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HE4 displays malignant behavior by promoting cancer cells to skip from G1 phase to S phase, maintaining cell viability, encouraging cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and increasing resistance to drug treatments. Further studies are required to verify that elevated serum HE4 levels correlate with the recurrence of ovarian and endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China.
authors.forename: Haibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Curcuru
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States.
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States.
authors.forename: Taylor O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States.
authors.forename: Dimple
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011506:Proteins; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2; C569698:WFDC2 protein, human
keywords: HE4; cancer recurrence; endometrial cancers; gynecologic cancers; ovarian cancers; prognosis