title: Investigation of three potential autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome and associated MALT lymphoma.
abstract: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease which might progress to mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (pSS/MALT). Diagnosis of pSS requires an invasive tissue biopsy and a delay in diagnosis of pSS has been frequently reported. In this study, four proteins including cofilin-1, alpha-enolase, annexin A2 and Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 (RGI2) were found to be over-expressed in pSS and pSS/MALT by 2D gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry, and the finding was verified by the microarray analysis and western blotting results. We then developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for autoantibodies including anti-cofilin-1, anti-alpha-enolase and anti-RGI2 with good quantitative ability. The expression levels of salivary anti-cofilin-1, anti-alpha-enolase and anti-RGI2 were found to be the highest in pSS/MALT patients and lowest in healthy controls. The combination of these three antiantibodies yielded an "area under the curve" (AUC) value of 0.94 with an 86% sensitivity and 93% specificity in distinguishing patients with pSS from healthy controls, an AUC value of 0.99 with a 95% sensitivity and 94% specificity in distinguishing patients with pSS/MALT from healthy controls and an AUC value of 0.86 with a 75% sensitivity and 94% specificity in distinguishing pSS/MALT patients from pSS patients. Collectively, we have successfully identified a panel of potential autoantigens that are progressively up-regulated during the development of pSS and its progression to MALT lymphoma. The autoantibody biomarkers may be used to help diagnose pSS and predict its progression to MALT lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA.|Department of Dentistry, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA.
authors.forename: Naseim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elzakra
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China.
authors.forename: Shuaimei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China.
authors.forename: Gary Guishan
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.|UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2; alpha-enolase; cofilin-1; mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma; primary Sjögren’s syndrome