title: Plasmatrans-fatty acid concentrations in fasting adults declined from NHANES 1999-2000 to 2009-2010.
abstract: Background:The consumption oftransfatty acids (TFAs) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and reducing their consumption is a major public health objective. Food intake studies have provided estimates for TFA concentrations in the US population; however, there is a need for data on TFA blood concentrations in the population.Objective:The objective of this study was to determine plasma TFA concentrations in a nationally representative group of fasted adults in the US population in NHANES samples from 1999-2000 and 2009-2010.Design:Four major TFAs [palmitelaidic acid (C16:1n-7t),transvaccenic acid (C18:1n-7t), elaidic acid (C18:1n-9t), and linoelaidic acid (C18:2n-6t,9t)] were measured in plasma in 1613 subjects from NHANES 1999-2000 and 2462 subjects from NHANES 2009-2010 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Geometric means and distribution percentiles were calculated for each TFA and their sum by age, sex, and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American), and covariate-adjusted geometric means were computed by using a model that included these demographic and other dietary factors, as well as survey year and any significant interaction terms.Results:These nationally representative data for the adult US population show that TFA concentrations were 54% lower in NHANES 2009-2010 than in NHANES 1999-2000. Covariate-adjusted geometric means for the sum of the 4 TFAs were 81.4 μmol/L (95% CI: 77.3, 85.6 μmol/L) and 37.8 μmol/L (95% CI: 36.4, 39.4 μmol/L) in NHANES 1999-2000 and 2009-2010, respectively. Even with the large decline in TFA concentrations, differences between demographic subgroups were comparable in the 2 surveys.Conclusion:The results indicate an overall reduction in TFA concentrations in the US population and provide a valuable baseline to evaluate the impact of the recent regulation categorizing TFAs as food additives.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, hvesper@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Hubert W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Vesper
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health.
authors.forename: Samuel P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Caudill
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health.
authors.forename: Heather C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.affiliation: Division of Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, and.
authors.forename: Quanhe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Namanjeet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lacher
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pirkle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006865:Hydrogenation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids
keywords: NHANES; cardiovascular disease; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; trans-fatty acids