title: Differential circulating concentrations of adipokines, glucagon and adropin in a clinical population of lean, overweight and diabetic cats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyslipidemia, dysregulated adipokine secretion and alteration in glucagon and adropin concentrations are important obesity-related factors in the pathophysiology of human Type 2 diabetes; however, their roles in the pathophysiology of feline diabetes mellitus are relatively unknown. Here, we determined the concentrations of circulating leptin, adiponectin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucagon, adropin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, in non-diabetic lean and overweight cats and newly diagnosed diabetic cats. Client-owned cats were recruited and assigned into 3 study groups: lean, overweight and diabetic. Fasting blood samples were analyzed in lean, overweight and diabetic cats at baseline and 4 weeks after consumption of high protein/low carbohydrate standardized diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of triglycerides were greater in diabetics at baseline and were increased in both diabetic and overweight cats at 4 weeks. Plasma leptin concentrations were greater in diabetic and overweight at baseline and 4 weeks, whereas adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to lean and overweight cats at baseline and 4 weeks. Diabetics had greater baseline plasma glucagon concentrations compared to lean, lower adropin than overweight at 4 weeks, and lower IL-12 concentrations at 4 weeks than baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that feline obesity and diabetes mellitus are characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and hyperleptinemia; however, diabetic cats have significantly lower adiponectin and adropin compared to overweight cats. Thus, despite having similar body condition, overweight and diabetic cats have differential circulating concentrations of adiponectin and adropin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. rczapata@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Rizaldy C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Meachem
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Natalia Cavalca
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 205 Ott Rd, Pullman, WA, 99164-7060, USA.
authors.forename: Susan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Mehain
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantal J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Elisabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Snead
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Prasanth K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chelikani
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D002415:Cats; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001798:Blood Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D005934:Glucagon; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Adipokines; Adropin; Feline diabetes; Glucagon; Obesity