title: Complementary roles of interventional radiology and therapeutic endoscopy in gastroenterology.
abstract: Acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, enteral feeding, cecostomy tubes and luminal strictures are some of the common reasons for gastroenterology service. While surgery was initially considered the main treatment modality, the advent of both therapeutic endoscopy and interventional radiology have resulted in the paradigm shift in the management of these conditions. In this paper, we discuss the patient's work up, indications, and complementary roles of endoscopic and angiographic management in the settings of gastrointestinal bleeding, enteral feeding, cecostomy tube placement and luminal strictures. These conditions often require multidisciplinary approaches involving a team of interventional radiologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons. Further, the authors also aim to describe how the fields of interventional radiology and gastrointestinal endoscopy are overlapping and complementary in the management of these complex conditions.
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: Shou-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: Andreas S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vilmann
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vilmann
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: McCowan
authors.affiliation: David M Ray, Timothy C McCowan, Akash M Patel, Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
authors.forename: Akash M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Patel
keywords: Endoscopy; Enteral nutrition; Gastroenterology; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; Interventional radiology