title: Depression, anxiety, hopelessness and quality of life in users of cocaine/crack in outpatient treatment.
abstract: To identify symptoms of anxiety, depression, and feelings of hopelessness in patients in outpatient treatment for substance dependency and to test for correlations with various aspects of their quality of life.
  A cross-sectional study of a sample of 25 men in recuperation from substance dependency, selected by convenience. We assessed symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version [WHOQOL-Bref]), and also analyzed sociodemographic profile, substance abuse, and family history. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages and quantitative variables as means and standard deviations or as medians and interquartile ranges. We also analyzed Spearman correlations to a 5% significance level.
  The study revealed prevalence rates of 32% for depression, 24% for anxiety, and 12% for hopelessness, at a moderate/severe level. Correlations between Beck scales and WHOQOL-Bref were significant; but impacts differed in the four areas evaluated.
  Overall, we observe global negative impacts on subjects' lives, affecting their psychiatric symptoms and quality of life and their relationships and occupational factors to a similar degree. The results show that the lower the scores on these scales, the better the quality of life in some areas, indicating that there is a negative correlation between psychiatric symptoms and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Clínica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Bosse
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Alimentação e Nutrição, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isadora Borne
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Alimentação e Nutrição, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Nutrição - FAMED/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bosa
authors.affiliation: Centro colaborador em álcool e drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joana Corrêa de Magalhães
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Narvaez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005190:Family; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs