title: Immobilization of Enzymes on PLGA Sub-Micrometer Particles by Crosslinked Layer-by-Layer Deposition.
abstract: Enzyme immobilization is of high interest for industrial applications. However, immobilization may compromise enzyme activity or stability due to the harsh conditions which have to be applied. The authors therefore present a new and improved crosslinked layer-by-layer (cLbL) approach. Two different model enzymes (acid phosphatase and β-galactosidase) are immobilized under mild conditions on biocompatible, monodisperse, sub-micrometer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particles. The resulting PLGA enzyme systems are characterized regarding their size, surface charge, enzyme activity, storage stability, reusability, and stability under various conditions such as changing pH and temperature. The developed and characterized cLbL protocol can be easily adapted to different enzymes. Potential future uses of the technology for biomedical applications are discussed. PLGA-enzyme particles are therefore injected into the blood circulation of zebrafish embryos in order to demonstrate the in vivo stability and activity of the designed system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siegrist
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susanne H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huwyler
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry*; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000201:enzymology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase
keywords: PLGA particles; crosslinking; enzyme immobilization; layer-by-layer; zebrafish