title: New Insights into the Epigenetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most predominant malignancies with high fatality rate. This deadly cancer is rising at an alarming rate because it is quite resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Different epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and expression of noncoding RNAs drive the cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, initiation, progression, and development of HCC. These epigenetic alterations because of potential reversibility open way towards the development of biomarkers and therapeutics. The contribution of these epigenetic changes to HCC development has not been thoroughly explored yet. Further research on HCC epigenetics is necessary to better understand novel molecular-targeted HCC treatment and prevention. This review highlights latest research progress and current updates regarding epigenetics of HCC, biomarker discovery, and future preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat the increasing risk of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Braira
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9637-6365
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wahid
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5858-9565
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafique
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idrees
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated