title: Rumen microbial and fermentation characteristics are affected differently by acarbose addition during two nutritional types of simulated severe subacute ruminal acidosis in vitro.
abstract: Little information is available on whether or not the effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on the prevention of ruminal acidosis is influenced by the type of diet during ruminant feeding. This study was conducted to explore the effect of acarbose addition on the prevention of severe subacute ruminal acidosis induced by either cracked wheat or beet pulp in vitro. Cracked wheat and beet pulp were fermented in vitro by rumen microorganisms obtained from three dairy cows. When cracked wheat was used as the substrate and fermented for 24 h, compared with the control, acarbose addition decreased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids, and lactate (P < 0.05), while linearly increased the ratio of acetate to propionate, pH value, and the ammonia-nitrogen level (P < 0.05). Applying Illumina MiSeq sequencing of a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as well as the ACE (abundance-based coverage estimator) value, Chao 1 value, and Shannon index increased significantly (P < 0.05), while there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the relative abundance of Tenericutes as well as Proteobacteria after adding acarbose compared to the control. On the other hand, when beet pulp was used as the substrate, acarbose addition had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the fermentation parameters and the Chao 1 value, the Shannon index, and the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In general, these findings indicate that acarbose had more effects on ruminal fermentation when wheat was used as the substrate, whereas it exhibited little effect on ruminal fermentation when beet pulp was used as the substrate.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Weiyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: maoshengyong@163.com.
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000138:Acidosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000378:metabolism; D058448:Biota / Q000187:drug effects*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D020909:Acarbose
keywords: Acarbose; Beet pulp; In vitro fermentation; Ruminal microbiota; Subacute rumen acidosis; Wheat