title: Maternal and postnatal high-fat diet consumption programs energy balance and hypothalamic melanocortin signaling in nonhuman primate offspring.
abstract: Maternal high-fat-diet (HFD) consumption during pregnancy decreased fetal body weight and impacted development of hypothalamic melanocortin neural circuitry in nonhuman primate offspring. We investigated whether these impairments during gestation persisted in juvenile offspring and examined the interaction between maternal and early postnatal HFD consumption. Adult dams consumed either a control diet (CTR; 15% calories from fat) or a high-saturated-fat diet (HFD; 37% calories from fat) during pregnancy. Offspring were weaned onto a CTR or HFD at ~8 mo of age. Offspring from HFD-fed dams displayed early catch-up growth and elevated body weight at 6 and 13 mo of age. Maternal and postnatal HFD exposure reduced the amount of agouti-related peptide fibers in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Postnatal HFD consumption also decreased the amount of agouti-related peptide fibers in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Postnatal HFD was associated with decreased food intake and increased activity. These results support and extend our previous findings of maternal diet effects on fetal development and reveal, for the first time in a nonhuman primate model, that maternal HFD-induced disturbances in offspring body weight regulation extended past gestation into the juvenile period. Maternal HFD consumption increases the risk for offspring developing obesity, with the developmental timing of HFD exposure differentially impacting the melanocortin system and energy balance regulation. The present findings provide translational insight into human clinical populations, suggesting that profound health consequences may await individuals later in life following intrauterine and postnatal HFD exposure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.|Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon; and.
authors.forename: Elinor L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Cadence A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: True
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Juliana G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Karalee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Tyler A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Jeanette C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Valleau
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frazee
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kirigiti
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Leigh A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon kievitp@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kievit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D053486:Melanocortins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D053486:Melanocortins
keywords: childhood obesity; development; hypothalamus; macaque; perinatal diet