title: Response of anaerobic granular sludge to iron oxide nanoparticles and multi-wall carbon nanotubes during beet sugar industrial wastewater treatment.
abstract: The accelerated use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the consumer and industrial sectors has triggered the need to understand their potential environmental impact. The response of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) to IONPs and MWCNTs during the anaerobic digestion of beet sugar industrial wastewater (BSIW) was investigated in this study. The IONPs increased the biogas and subsequent CH4production rates in comparison with MWCNTs and the control samples. This might be due to the utilization of IONPs and MWCNTs as conduits for electron transfer toward methanogens. The MWCNTs majorly enriched the bacterial growth, while IONP enrichment mostly benefitted the archaea population. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that AGS produced extracellular polymeric substances, which interacted with the IONPs and MWCNTs. This provided cell protection and prevented the nanoparticles from piercing through the membranes and thus cytotoxicity. The results provide useful information and insights on the adjustment of anaerobic microorganisms to the natural complex environment based on nanoparticles infiltration.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ambuchi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China. Electronic address: hitzzh@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaohan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China. Electronic address: yujief@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D053758:Nanoparticles; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anaerobic granular sludge; Extracellular polymeric substance; Iron oxide nanoparticle; Multi-wall carbon nanotube; Toxicity