title: Brominated flame retardants and dechlorane plus on a remote high mountain of the eastern Tibetan Plateau: implications for regional sources and environmental behaviors.
abstract: We investigated the occurrence of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), six novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus in air and soils on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We detected all of the NBFR except bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate and pentabromoethyl benzene. NBFRs constituted the most prevalent group. BDE-28 and BDE-47 dominated among the PBDE congeners. Decabromodiphenyl ethane was detected at relatively high levels up to 171 pg/m3and 1450 pg/g dry weight in air and soils, respectively; however, it appeared to be easily degraded in the environment. A general decreasing trend was observed among the HFR concentrations with increasing altitude, and this was due to the prominent contribution of source emissions over possible influence of environmental conditions. This study also suggests that HFRs are supplied to forest soils mainly in the form of precipitation and retained in the O horizon layers.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station of Gongga Mountain, The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bing
authors.affiliation: Circular Economy and Cleaner Production Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station of Gongga Mountain, The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. zhanggan@gig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D054879:Halogenation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D018609:Tibet
chemical_list: D001969:Bromobenzenes; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D012987:Soil; C491509:decabromodiphenyl ethane; C526360:dechlorane plus; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; C533760:tribromodiphenyl ether 28
keywords: Brominated flame retardants; Dechlorane plus; Environmental behaviors; High mountain; Regional sources; Tibetan Plateau