title: Miniature magnetically anchored and controlled camera system for trocar-less laparoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design a miniature magnetically anchored and controlled camera system to reduce the number of trocars which are required for laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The system consists of a miniature magnetically anchored camera with a 30° downward angle, an external magnetically anchored unit, and a vision output device. The camera weighs 12 g, measures Φ10.5 mm × 55 mm and has two magnets, a vision model, a light source, and a metal hexagonal nut. To test the prototype, the camera was inserted through a 12-mm conventional trocar in anex vivoreal liver laparoscopic training system. A trocar-less laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed 6 times using a 12-mm and a 5-mm conventional trocar. In addition, the same procedure was performed in four canine models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both procedures were successfully performed using only two conventional laparoscopic trocars. The cholecystectomy was completed without any major complication in 42 min (38-45 min)in vitroand in 50 min (45-53 min) using an animal model. This camera was anchored and controlled by an external unit magnetically anchored on the abdominal wall. The camera could generate excellent image. with no instrument collisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The camera system we designed provides excellent optics and can be easily maneuvered. The number of conventional trocars is reduced without adding technical difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Ding-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ke
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xi
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Qian
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Ding-Hui Dong, Hao-Yang Zhu, Yu Luo, Hong-Ke Zhang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Fei Xue, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008904:Miniaturization; D023421:Models, Animal; D009392:Nephrectomy; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Magnetically anchored and controlled camera; Minimally invasive surgery; Trocar-less laparoscopy