title: Exploitation of grape marc as functional substrate for lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria growth and enhanced antioxidant activity.
abstract: This study aimed at using grape marc for the growth of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria with the perspective of producing a functional ingredient having antioxidant activity. Lactobacillus plantarum 12A and PU1, Lactobacillus paracasei 14A, and Bifidobacterium breve 15A showed the ability to grow on grape marc (GM) based media. The highest bacterial cell density (>9.0 CFU/g) was found in GM added of 1% of glucose (GMG). Compared to un-inoculated and incubated control fermented GMG showed a decrease of carbohydrates and citric acid together with an increase of lactic acid. The content of several free amino acids and phenol compounds differed between samples. Based on the survival under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, GMG was a suitable carrier of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria strains. Compared to the control, cell-free supernatant (CFS) of fermented GMG exhibited a marked antioxidant activity in vitro. The increased antioxidant activity was confirmed using Caco-2 cell line after inducing oxidative stress, and determining cell viability and radical scavenging activity through MTT and DCFH-DA assays, respectively. Supporting these founding, the SOD-2 gene expression of Caco-2 cells also showed a lowest pro-oxidant effect induced by the four CFS of GMG fermented by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Giuseppe
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fasciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambacorta
authors.affiliation: Giuliani S.p.A., Via Palagi 2, 20129, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Giuliani S.p.A., Via Palagi 2, 20129, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marzani
authors.affiliation: Cantine Due Palme, Soc. Coop. Agricola, Via San Marco, 130, Cellino San Marco, BR, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: maria.deangelis@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Free University of Bozen, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbetti
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069980:Lacticaseibacillus paracasei / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D003470:Culture Media; D005947:Glucose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010636:Phenols; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Fermentation; Grape marc; Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria; Valorization by-product