title: Association of TSH With Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Overweight and Obese Children During Lifestyle Intervention.
abstract: Overweight and obese children have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in which thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has been suggested as an intermediary factor. However, results of cross-sectional studies are inconclusive, and intervention studies investigating changes in TSH concentrations in association with changes in cardiovascular risk parameters in overweight and obese children are scarce.
  
  
  
  To gain insight in associations of circulating TSH concentrations and cardiovascular risk parameters in overweight and obese children.
  
  
  
  Nonrandomized lifestyle intervention.
  
  
  
  Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare.
  
  
  
  Three hundred thirty euthyroid overweight and obese children.
  
  
  
  Long-term lifestyle intervention.
  
  
  
  TSH concentrations, pituitary TSH release in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and cardiovascular risk parameters.
  
  
  
  At baseline, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 concentrations were significantly associated with serum TSH concentrations. TSH release by the pituitary in response to exogenous TRH was not associated with cardiovascular risk parameters. During lifestyle intervention, several cardiovascular risk parameters significantly improved. In children whose body mass index z score improved, changes in TSH concentrations were significantly associated with changes in TC, LDL-C, and TAG concentrations.
  
  
  
  In euthyroid overweight and obese children, circulating TSH concentrations are positively associated with markers representing increased CVD risk. Changes in TSH concentrations are also associated with changes in lipid concentrations in children with successful weight loss, which is consistent with TSH being an intermediary factor in modulating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.|School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HR Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jesse M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rijks
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HR Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 HR Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jogchum
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plat
authors.affiliation: Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.|School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HR Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dorenbos
authors.affiliation: Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Penders
authors.affiliation: Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.|School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HR Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem-Jan M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gerver
authors.affiliation: Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.|School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HR Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anita C E
authors.initials: ACE
authors.lastname: Vreugdenhil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D012306:Risk; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014280:Triglycerides; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013972:Thyrotropin; D002784:Cholesterol