title: Cardiometabolic Abnormalities Among Normal-Weight Persons From Five Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Two Cohort Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between body weight and cardiometabolic disease may vary substantially by race/ethnicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and correlates of the phenotype of metabolic abnormality but normal weight (MAN) for 5 racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 community-based cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  2622 white, 803 Chinese American, 1893 African American, and 1496 Hispanic persons from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and 803 South Asian participants in the MASALA (Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of 2 or more cardiometabolic abnormalities (high fasting glucose, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels and hypertension) among normal-weight participants was estimated. Correlates of MAN were assessed by using log-binomial models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among normal-weight participants (n = 846 whites, 323 Chinese Americans, 334 African Americans, 252 Hispanics, and 195 South Asians), the prevalence of MAN was 21.0% (95% CI, 18.4% to 23.9%) in whites, 32.2% (CI, 27.3% to 37.4%) in Chinese Americans, 31.1% (CI, 26.3% to 36.3%) in African Americans, 38.5% (CI, 32.6% to 44.6%) in Hispanics, and 43.6% (CI, 36.8% to 50.6%) in South Asians. Adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and ectopic body fat measures did not explain racial/ethnic differences. After adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity-body mass index (BMI) interaction, for the equivalent MAN prevalence at a BMI of 25.0 kg/m2 in whites, the corresponding BMI values were 22.9 kg/m2 (CI, 19.5 to 26.3 kg/m2) in African Americans, 21.5 kg/m2 (CI, 18.5 to 24.5 kg/m2) in Hispanics, 20.9 kg/m2 (CI, 19.7 to 22.1 kg/m2) in Chinese Americans, and 19.6 kg/m2 (CI, 17.2 to 22.0 kg/m2) in South Asians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional study design and lack of harmonized dietary data between studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with whites, all racial/ethnic minority groups had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of MAN, which was not explained by demographic, behavioral, or ectopic fat measures. Using a BMI criterion for overweight to screen for cardiometabolic risk may result in a large proportion of racial/ethnic minority groups being overlooked.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  National Institutes of Health.
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Unjali P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Gujral
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vittinghoff
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Morgana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mongraw-Chaffin
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Namratha R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kandula
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Kiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: K M Venkat
authors.initials: KMV
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Alka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology