title: Parsing the phenotype of obsessive-compulsive tic disorder (OCTD): a multidisciplinary consensus.
abstract: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Tic Disorder (TD) are highly disabling and often comorbid conditions. Of note, the DSM-5 acknowledged a new 'tic-related' specifier for OCD, which might be referred to as Obsessive-Compulsive Tic Disorder (OCTD), raising new interest toward a better clinical characterisation of affected patients. Available literature indicates that early onset, male gender, sensory phenomena and obsessions of symmetry, aggressiveness, hoarding, exactness and sounds as well as comorbidity with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be of more frequent observation in patients with OCTD. In order to share expertise in the field from different perspectives, a multidisciplinary panel of Italian clinicians, specifically involved in the clinical care of OCD and TD patients, participated into a consensus initiative, aimed to produce a shared document. As a result, after having examined the most relevant literature, authors sought to critically identify and discuss main epidemiologic, socio-demographic and clinical features characterising OCTD patients, along with other specific aspects including Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL), economic consequences related with the condition and its management, as well as treatment-related issues, that need to be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.|b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dell'Osso
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marazziti
authors.affiliation: d Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga , University of Turin , Orbassano , Italy.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychiatry , University of Florence , Florence , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallanti
authors.affiliation: f Department of Health Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Orsola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gambini
authors.affiliation: g Institute of Psychopathology , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tundo
authors.affiliation: h Department of Functional Neurosurgery , IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, Tourette Center , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zanaboni
authors.affiliation: h Department of Functional Neurosurgery , IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, Tourette Center , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Servello
authors.affiliation: i Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: j Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scalone
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: A Carlo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Altamura
authors.affiliation: h Department of Functional Neurosurgery , IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, Tourette Center , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porta
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011788:Quality of Life; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD); Obsessive-Compulsive Tic Disorder (OCTD); Tic Disorder (TD)