title: Matched Comparison of Self-Expanding Transcatheter Heart Valves for the Treatment of Failed Aortic Surgical Bioprosthesis: Insights From the Valve-in-Valve International Data Registry (VIVID).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation is an established therapy for high-risk patients with failed surgical aortic bioprosthesis. There are limited data comparing outcomes of valve-in-valve implantation using different transcatheter heart valves (THV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients included in the Valve-in-Valve International Data registry (VIVID) and treated with self-expanding THV devices were analyzed using centralized core laboratory blinded to clinical events. St. Jude Medical Portico versus Medtronic CoreValve were compared in a 1:2 fashion after propensity score matching. A total of 162 patients, Portico- (n=54) and CoreValve- (n=108) based valve-in-valve procedures comprised the study population with no significant difference in baseline characteristics (age, 79±8.2 years; 60% women; mean STS [Society of Thoracic Surgery] score 8.1±5.5%). Postimplantation, CoreValve was associated with a larger effective orifice area (1.67 versus 1.31 cm2;P=0.001), lower mean gradient (14±7.5 versus 17±7.5 mm Hg;P=0.02), and lower core laboratory-adjudicated moderate-to-severe aortic insufficiency (4.2% versus 13.7%;P=0.04), compared with Portico. Procedural complications including THV malpositioning, second THV requirement, or coronary obstruction were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Survival and stroke rates at 30 days were similar, but overall mortality at 1 year was higher among patients treated with Portico compared with CoreValve (22.6% versus 9.1%;P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this first matched comparison of THVs for valve-in-valve implantations, Portico and CoreValve demonstrated differences in postprocedural hemodynamics and long-term clinical outcomes. Although this could be related to THV design characteristics, the impact of other procedural factors cannot be excluded and require further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alnasser
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.). cheemaa@smh.ca danny.dvir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Asim N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Matheus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simonato
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbanti
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kornowski
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horlick
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Harindra C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wijeysundera
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bedogni
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Hafid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amrane
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latib
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Laborde
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hildick-Smith
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Won-Keun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tchetche
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agrifoglio
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Jan-Malte
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sinning
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Ad J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Boven
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kefer
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frerker
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Nicolas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Mieghem
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Worthley
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asgar
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sgroi
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Haim D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Danenberg
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Marino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labinaz
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: Anson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.).
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: From the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.A., A.N.C., J.E.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., M. Aziz, A.C., J.G.W., D.D.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., C.S.); Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (H.C.W.); Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Pol. S. Donato, Milan, Italy (L.T., F.B.); Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands (H.A., A.J.v.B.); Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.W., W.-K.K.); New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, Canada (M.P.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A. Latib); St. George's Hospital, London, England (J.-C.L.); Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, England (D.H.-S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy (M. Agrifoglio); Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S.); University Clinics Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hospital, Hamburg, Germany (C.F.); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (N.M.v.M.); Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (A. Linke); Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia (S.W.); Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (A.A.); Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (M.L.); and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (G.M.). cheemaa@smh.ca danny.dvir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dvir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D057216:Propensity Score; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012042:Registries; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: aortic valve; bioprosthesis; hemodynamic; transcatheter aortic valve replacement