title: Effect of Peroral Administration of Chromium on Insulin Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Tissue of Holstein Calves.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of peroral administration of chromium-enriched yeast on glucose tolerance in Holstein calves, assessed by insulin signaling pathway molecule determination and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Twenty-four Holstein calves, aged 1 month, were chosen for the study and divided into two groups: the PoCr group (n = 12) that perorally received 0.04 mg of Cr/kg of body mass daily, for 70 days, and the NCr group (n = 12) that received no chromium supplementation. Skeletal tissue samples from each calf were obtained on day 0 and day 70 of the experiment. Chromium supplementation increased protein content of the insulin β-subunit receptor, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at Tyrosine 632, phosphorylation of Akt at Serine 473, glucose transporter-4, and AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle tissue, while phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at Serine 307 was not affected by chromium treatment. Results obtained during IVGTT, which was conducted on days 0, 30, 50, and 70, suggested an increased insulin sensitivity and, consequently, a better utilization of glucose in the PoCr group. Lower basal concentrations of glucose and insulin in the PoCr group on days 30 and 70 were also obtained. Our results indicate that chromium supplementation improves glucose utilization in calves by enhancing insulin intracellular signaling in the skeletal muscle tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ljubomir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pantelić
authors.affiliation: Department for Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Radiša
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prodanović
authors.affiliation: Department for Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vujanac
authors.affiliation: Department for Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Miloje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Đurić
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Snežana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tepavčević
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Radioisotopes, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vranješ-Đurić
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korićanac
authors.affiliation: Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. dani@vet.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kirovski
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002857:Chromium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D000070633:Hamstring Muscles; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014886:Weaning; D015002:Yeast, Dried / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D002857:Chromium; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Calves; Chromium; Insulin; Signaling pathway