title: PTA scale for children aged 4 to 7 years: Selecting developmentally valid and reliable items.
abstract: The aim of this study was to select developmentally valid and reliable items for inclusion in criterion-referenced (pass > 90%) posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) scale for children aged 4 to 7 years in a prospective cohort study. Fifty-two typically developing children (26 male/26 female) aged 4 to 7 years were administered a set of 10 items (5 orientation, 5 memory) over 3-4 days. The total score obtained on the set of 10 items had poor developmental validity and test-retest reliability. Nevertheless, individual item analysis identified five items (three orientation and two memory items) that were consistently passed by >90% of the children on each day of testing. For these five items the total scores did not differ significantly either between age groups or between days of testing. Test-retest was extremely high (close to 1). The five items had excellent developmental validity and test-retest reliability. This study identified 5 (3 orientation and 2 memory) items that met our selection criterion and form a new PTA scale, the Sydney PTA scale (SYPTAS), for children aged 4 to 7 years.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia.|b Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Sydney , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Suncica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lah
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia.|b Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Sydney , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.affiliation: c Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epps
authors.affiliation: d NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation , Sydney , NSW , Australia.|e Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: c Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brookes
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Children; memory; orientation; posttraumatic amnesia