title: Estimation of dietary total antioxidant capacity of Korean adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has been reported to be inversely associated with the risk of chronic diseases. However, little is known about dietary TAC among the Korean population. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the dietary TAC of Korean adults and to document the major food sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 33,581 Korean adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. Dietary TAC was estimated from 1-day 24-h dietary recall data using a TAC database comprising antioxidant capacities of 42 dietary antioxidants, developed for common Korean foods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average dietary TAC of Korean adults was 384.7 mg VCE/d, and the major contributors were flavonoids, followed by vitamin C and E. The energy-adjusted daily TAC level was higher in women, middle-aged adults, non-regular alcohol consumers, current non-smokers, supplement users, and in those with a higher income and education level than in their counterparts (P < 0.001). Fruits (47.3%), vegetables (28.4%), beverages and alcohols (11.2%), and legumes and legume products (5.5%), in particular, grapes, persimmons, mandarins, apples, and green tea, were major food sources of dietary TAC. In addition, the consumption of nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits and vegetables, increased, whereas the intake of energy and fat decreased across quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary TAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study documented the baseline dietary TAC of Korean adults and the major food sources thereof using nationally representative data. Further research on the health effects of dietary TAC among Korean adults is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shinyoung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-4709
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.|Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ock K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. hjjoung@snu.ac.kr.|Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. hjjoung@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyojee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: Antioxidant capacity database; Diet; Food sources; KNHANES; Total antioxidant capacity