title: The association of early life socioeconomic conditions with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: results from the Maastricht study.
abstract: Using cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study, we examined the association of socioeconomic conditions in early life with prediabetes and T2DM in adulthood. We also examined potential mediating pathways via both adulthood socioeconomic conditions and adult BMI and health behaviours.
  
  
  
  Of the 3263 participants (aged 40-75 years), 493 had prediabetes and 906 were diagnosed with T2DM. By using logistic regression analyses, the associations and possible mediating pathways were examined.
  
  
  
  Participants with low early life socioeconomic conditions had a 1.56 times higher odds of prediabetes (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-2.02) and a 1.61 times higher odds of T2DM (95% CI = 1.31-1.99). The relation between low early life socioeconomic conditions and prediabetes was independent of current socioeconomic conditions (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05-1.80), whereas the relation with T2DM was not independent of current socioeconomic conditions (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.87-1.37). BMI party mediated the association between early life socioeconomic conditions and prediabetes.
  
  
  
  Socioeconomic inequalities starting in early life were associated with diabetes-related outcomes in adulthood and suggest the usefulness of early life interventions aimed at tackling these inequalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivonne P M
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Derks
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miranda T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Schram
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.affiliation: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Danielle A I
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Groffen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. hans.bosma@maastrichtuniversity.nl.|CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. hans.bosma@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bosma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Adulthood socioeconomic conditions; Childhood socioeconomic conditions; Health behaviour; Obesity; Prediabetes; Type 2 diabetes