title: A qualitative study to explore views of patients', carers' and mental health professionals' to inform cultural adaptation of CBT for psychosis (CBTp) in China.
abstract: The evidence for effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is robust and the national organizations in the United Kingdom and the United States recommend its use. It is not utilized to its full potential in low and middle-income countries. Adaptation of CBT treatment to the target culture may facilitate its uptake. This study explored views of patients with schizophrenia, their caregivers, and mental health professionals for the purpose of cultural adaptation of CBT.
  
  
  
  The project was conducted in a teaching hospital in China. Systematic content and question analysis were the techniques we used to analyse the data generated in a series of qualitative interviews (N 45) in China. After identification of emerging themes and categories we compared and contrasted the themes across different interviews recursively. Triangulation of themes and concepts was undertaken to compare further and contrast the data from the different participating groups.
  
  
  
  This work highlighted the barriers in therapy as well as opportunities for use of CBT in that environment. Patients and their carers in China use a bio-psycho-spiritual-social model of illness. CBT is not commonly used to help those with schizophrenia in China.
  
  
  
  This study will facilitate the therapists using CBT for people with psychosis in China. These results require to be tested in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. weihui_li@163.com.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China. weihui_li@163.com.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China. weihui_li@163.com.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China. weihui_li@163.com.
authors.forename: Weihui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xuerong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Bangshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.|Jiangxi mental health center, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.|Xiangyang Anding Hospital, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.|Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.|Chuxiong Prefecture's Mental Hospital, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Zhiling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, 191 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, ON, K7M 8A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Yuhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, 191 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, ON, K7M 8A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit, Moorgreen Hospital, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK.
authors.forename: Shanaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.affiliation: The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kingdon
authors.affiliation: The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, 191 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, ON, K7M 8A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, 191 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, ON, K7M 8A6, Canada. ma84@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayub
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, 191 Portsmouth Avenue, Kingston, ON, K7M 8A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naeem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Adaptation; China; Cognitive therapy; Culture; Psychosis; Schizophrenia