title: Biodegradation of sulfamethazine by an isolated thermophile-Geobacillus sp. S-07.
abstract: Sulfamethazine (SM2) is an antimicrobial drug that is frequently detected in manure compost, is difficult to degrade at high temperatures and is potentially threatening to the environment. In this study, a thermophilic bacterium was isolated from the activated sludge of an antibiotics pharmaceutical factory; this bacterium has the ability to degrade SM2 at 70 °C, which is higher than the traditional manure composting temperature. The strain S-07 is closely related to Geobacillus thermoleovorans based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The optimal conditions for the degradation of SM2 are 70 °C, pH 6.0, 50 rpm rotation speed and 50 mL of culture volume. More than 95% of the SM2 contained in media was removed via co-metabolism within 24 h, which was a much higher percentage than that of the type strain of G. thermoleovorans. The supernatant from the S-07 culture grown in SM2-containing media showed slightly attenuated antibacterial activity. In addition, strain S-07 was able to degrade other sulfonamides, including sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamerazine. These results imply that strain S-07 might be a new auxiliary bacterial resource for the biodegradation of sulfonamide residue in manure composting.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Lan-Jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-da
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Xing
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China. yinwang@iue.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D056506:Geobacillus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D013418:Sulfamethazine
keywords: Acclimation; Antibiotics; Biodegradation; Co-metabolism; Thermophilic microorganism