title: Absence of vaccinia virus detection in a remote region of the Northern Amazon forests, 2005-2015.
abstract: Vaccinia virus (VACV) circulates in Brazil and other South America countries and is responsible for a zoonotic disease that usually affects dairy cattle and humans, causing economic losses and impacting animal and human health. Furthermore, it has been detected in wild areas in the Brazilian Amazon. To better understand the natural history of VACV, we investigated its circulation in wildlife from French Guiana, a remote region in the Northern Amazon forest. ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests were performed to detect anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies. Real-time and standard PCR targeting C11R, A56R and A26L were applied to detect VACV DNA in serum, saliva and tissue samples. No evidence of VACV infection was found in any of the samples tested. These findings provide additional information on the VACV epidemiological puzzle. The virus could nevertheless be circulating at low levels that were not detected in areas where no humans or cattle are present.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. galileuk1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Galileu Barbosa
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavergne
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darcissac
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lacoste
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Betânia Paiva
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Drumond
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jônatas Santos
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abrahão
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erna Geessien
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Thoisy
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. gitrindade@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Giliane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Souza Trindade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D065928:Forests; D005616:French Guiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008322:Mammals / Q000821:virology; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D014615:Vaccinia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral