title: Carbon dioxide emission and economic growth of China-the role of international trade.
abstract: This study investigates the role of international trade in mitigating carbon dioxide emission as a nation economically advances. This study disaggregated the international trade into total exports and total imports. A multivariate model framework was estimated for the time series data for the period of 1970-2014. The quantile regression detected all the essential relationship, which hitherto, the traditional ordinary least squares could not capture. A cointegration relationship was confirmed using the Johansen cointegration model. The findings of the Granger causality revealed the presence of a uni-directional Granger causality running from energy consumption to economic growth; from import to economic growth; from imports to exports; and from urbanisation to economic growth, exports and imports. Our study established the presence of long-run relationships amongst carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, energy consumption, imports, exports and urbanisation. A bootstrap method was further utilised to reassess the evidence of the Granger causality, of which the results affirmed the Granger causality in the long run. This study confirmed a long-run N-shaped relationship between economic growth and carbon emission, under the estimated cubic environmental Kuznet curve framework, from the perspective of China. The recommendation therefore is that China as export leader should transform its trade growth mode by reducing the level of carbon dioxide emission and strengthening its international cooperation as it embraces more environmental protectionisms.
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China. kofibaahboamah@yahoo.com.|Research Department, Divine Grace School, Kumasi, Ghana. kofibaahboamah@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kofi Baah
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Boamah
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Isaac Asare
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bediako
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Divine Grace School, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: Angela Jacinta
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Boamah
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Alhassan Alolo
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdul-Rasheed
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Samuel Mensah
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owusu
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002681:China; D057217:Economic Development; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Bootstrap; Carbon dioxide emission; China; Cointegration; Economic growth; International trade; Quantile regression