title: Cartilage Tissue Engineering by the 3D Bioprinting of iPS Cells in a Nanocellulose/Alginate Bioink.
abstract: Cartilage lesions can progress into secondary osteoarthritis and cause severe clinical problems in numerous patients. As a prospective treatment of such lesions, human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were shown to be 3D bioprinted into cartilage mimics using a nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) composite bioink when co-printed with irradiated human chondrocytes. Two bioinks were investigated: NFC with alginate (NFC/A) or hyaluronic acid (NFC/HA). Low proliferation and phenotypic changes away from pluripotency were seen in the case of NFC/HA. However, in the case of the 3D-bioprinted NFC/A (60/40, dry weight % ratio) constructs, pluripotency was initially maintained, and after five weeks, hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue with collagen type II expression and lacking tumorigenic Oct4 expression was observed in 3D -bioprinted NFC/A (60/40, dry weight % relation) constructs. Moreover, a marked increase in cell number within the cartilaginous tissue was detected by 2-photon fluorescence microscopy, indicating the importance of high cell densities in the pursuit of achieving good survival after printing. We conclude that NFC/A bioink is suitable for bioprinting iPSCs to support cartilage production in co-cultures with irradiated chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Duong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: 3D Bioprinting Center, Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hägg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forsman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Josefine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Puwapong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nimkingratana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brantsing
authors.affiliation: 3D Bioprinting Center, Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalogeropoulos
authors.affiliation: 3D Bioprinting Center, Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaunz
authors.affiliation: Cartilage Repair Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Concaro
authors.affiliation: Cartilage Repair Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brittberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.affiliation: 3D Bioprinting Center, Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gatenholm
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enejder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. stina.simonsson@gu.se.
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simonsson
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D062028:Bioprinting / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051457:Hyaline Cartilage; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002482:Cellulose