title: Immune-mediated cytokine storm and its role in severe dengue.
abstract: Dengue remains one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Infection with one of the serologically related dengue viruses (DENVs) can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations and severity. Severe dengue is characterized by plasma leakage and abnormal bleeding that can lead to shock and death. There is currently no specific treatment for severe dengue due to gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The transient period of vascular leakage is usually followed by a rapid recovery and is suggestive of the effects of short-lived biological mediators. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are activated in severe dengue and contribute to the cytokine production. We discuss the immunological events elicited during a DENV infection and identify candidate cytokines that may play a key role in the severe manifestations of dengue and possible interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Rm 302F, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. asrikiat@uri.edu.
authors.forename: Anon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srikiatkhachorn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Rm 302F, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Anuja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Rm 302F, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rothman
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010641:Phenotype; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Adaptive immunity; Cytokines; Dengue; Dengue hemorrhagic fever; Innate immunity; Plasma leakage