title: Evaluation of a newly developed infant chest compression technique: A randomized crossover manikin trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Providing adequate chest compression is essential during infant cardio-pulmonary-resuscitation (CPR) but was reported to be performed poor. The "new 2-thumb technique" (nTTT), which consists in using 2 thumbs directed at the angle of 90° to the chest while closing the fingers of both hands in a fist, was recently introduced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare 3 chest compression techniques, namely, the 2-finger-technique (TFT), the 2-thumb-technique (TTHT), and the nTTT in an randomized infant-CPR manikin setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 73 paramedics with at least 1 year of clinical experience performed 3 CPR settings with a chest compression:ventilation ratio of 15:2, according to current guidelines. Chest compression was performed with 1 out of the 3 chest compression techniques in a randomized sequence. Chest compression rate and depth, chest decompression, and adequate ventilation after chest compression served as outcome parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chest compression depth was 29 (IQR, 28-29) mm in the TFT group, 42 (40-43) mm in the TTHT group, and 40 (39-40) mm in the nTTT group (TFT vs TTHT, P < 0.001; TFT vs nTTT, P < 0.001; TTHT vs nTTT, P < 0.01). The median compression rate with TFT, TTHT, and nTTT varied and amounted to 136 (IQR, 133-144) min versus 117 (115-121) min versus 111 (109-113) min. There was a statistically significant difference in the compression rate between TFT and TTHT (P < 0.001), TFT and nTTT (P < 0.001), as well as TTHT and nTTT (P < 0.001). Incorrect decompressions after CC were significantly increased in the TTHT group compared with the TFT (P < 0.001) and the nTTT (P < 0.001) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nTTT provides adequate chest compression depth and rate and was associated with adequate chest decompression and possibility to adequately ventilate the infant manikin. Further clinical studies are necessary to confirm these initial findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University MEDITRANS The Provincial Emergency Medical Service and Sanitary Transport, Warsaw Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smereka
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bielski
authors.forename: Jerzy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ladny
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruetzler
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szarpak
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008348:Manikins