title: The factors related to early-onset depression after first stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The biological and psychological aspects of post-stroke depression (PSD) may vary based on the time since stroke onset. The sociodemographic and clinical correlates of early-onset PSD are not yet well understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of early-onset depression following first stroke. We hypothesized that the severity of a stroke or disability (other than lesion characteristics) would likely be related to PSD in a sample of first stroke patients with single and unilateral lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-stroke patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 51) early-onset depression were compared with respect to several demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to lesion location, lateralization, or volume. Scores on the Brief Disability Questionnaire, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Modified Rankin Scale were significantly higher in depressed post-stroke patients than in non-depressed patients. The anxiety, depression, and total scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were positively correlated with the Modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Brief Disability Questionnaire scores. A previous history of depression and Brief Disability Questionnaire score were strongly associated with the occurrence of early-onset PSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that early-onset PSD is likely to be correlated with the severity of stroke and functional disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurology Division, Aydin State Hospital, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Refik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kunt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cagdas O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Memis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kunt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozdemiroglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sevincok
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: early-onset; post-stroke depression; risk factors