title: Transitioning from pediatric to adult health care with familial hypercholesterolemia: Listening to young adult and parent voices.
abstract: Young adults with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at a critical period for establishing behaviors to promote future cardiovascular health.
  
  
  
  To examine challenges transitioning to adult care for young adults with FH and parents of FH-affected young adults in the context of 2 developmental tasks, transitioning from childhood to early adulthood and assuming responsibility for self-management of a chronic disorder.
  
  
  
  Semistructured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 young adults with FH and 12 parents of affected young adults from a pediatric subspecialty preventive cardiology program in a northeastern academic medical center. Analyses were conducted using a modified grounded theory framework.
  
  
  
  Respondents identified 5 challenges: (1) recognizing oneself as a decision maker, (2) navigating emerging independence, (3) prioritizing treatment for a chronic disorder with limited signs and symptoms, (4) managing social implications of FH, and (5) finding credible resources for guidance. Both young adults and parents proposed similar recommendations for addressing these challenges, including the need for family and peer involvement to establish and maintain diet and exercise routines and to provide medication reminders. Systems-level recommendations included early engagement of adolescents in shared decision-making with health care team; providing credible, educational resources regarding FH; and using blood tests to track treatment efficacy.
  
  
  
  Young adults with FH transitioning to adult care may benefit from explicit interventions to address challenges to establishing healthy lifestyle behaviors and medication adherence as they move toward being responsible for their medical care. Further research should explore the efficacy of recommended interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sliwinski
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gooding
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Ferranti
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Tully
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; American Board of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: lleslie@abpeds.org.
authors.forename: Laurel K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000523:psychology*; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005791:Patient Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiovascular health; Chronic disorder; Familial hypercholesterolemia; Transition to adult care; Young adult