title: Case Report: Angiosarcoma in the Upper Extremity Related to a Nonfunctioning Arteriovenous Fistula.
abstract: Angiosarcoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy with a high predilection for the head and neck. There have been few case reports of the development of angiosarcoma in a nonfunctional arteriovenous fistula in a hemodialysis patient.
  
  
  
  After institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart analysis is conducted to present the case of a patient who received plastic surgical treatment at our hospital.
  
  
  
  We present the case of a 44-year-old male who presented with ischemic changes and paresthesias of the upper extremity associated with the development of angiosarcoma in an arteriovenous fistula.
  
  
  
  Angiosarcoma remains a rare but important diagnosis to include in the differential diagnosis for upper extremity pain and paresthesias in chronic renal failure and nonfunctioning arteriovenous fistula.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX, USA.|2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX, USA.|2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rex A W
authors.initials: RAW
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX, USA.|2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Shari R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Plastic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX, USA.|4 Department of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zavlin
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Plastic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX, USA.|4 Department of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Echo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply*; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: angiosarcoma; arteriovenous fistula; chronic renal failure; ischemia; radial artery