title: Relatively Small Quantities of CO2, Ammonium Bicarbonate, and a Blend of (E)-2-Hexenal Plus (E)-2-Octenal Attract Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).
abstract: Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L., feed on humans, have increased exponentially in the past two decades in many major cities throughout the world, have caused intense infestations, and have become a significant health concern. Improved traps are needed to detect early infestations, to assess control programs, and for control of bed bugs. Carbon dioxide released alone or simultaneously with other attractants into three types of traps at the relatively low rate of 1 ml/min caught significantly more bed bugs than untreated controls in a 183- by 183-cm arena. This finding may enable CO2 to be used more economically in traps. Three percent ammonium bicarbonate released at a rate of ≤0.03 ml/h also caught significantly more bed bugs than untreated controls. A blend of (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal at concentrations of 0.025% or 0.1% each and released at 0.02 ml/h attracted significantly more bed bugs than untreated controls. These findings ought to improve detection of bed bugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511-1106 (john.f.anderson@ct.gov).
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511-1106 (Francis.Ferrandino@ct.gov).
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ferrandino
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511-1106 (Michael.Vasil@ct.gov).
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vasil
authors.affiliation: Bedoukian Research, 21 Finance Drive, Danbury, CT 06810 (rhb@bedoukian.com; mmaher@bedoukian.com; kmckenzie@bedoukian.com).
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bedoukian
authors.affiliation: Bedoukian Research, 21 Finance Drive, Danbury, CT 06810 (rhb@bedoukian.com; mmaher@bedoukian.com; kmckenzie@bedoukian.com).
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Bedoukian Research, 21 Finance Drive, Danbury, CT 06810 (rhb@bedoukian.com; mmaher@bedoukian.com; kmckenzie@bedoukian.com).
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mckenzie
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001511:Bedbugs / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C057348:2-octenal; C027043:ammonium bicarbonate; C051750:2-hexenal
keywords: CO2; Cimex lectularius; ammonium bicarbonate; attractant; bed bug