title: Anxiety level and correlates in methamphetamine-dependent patients during acute withdrawal.
abstract: Anxiety is often a core element of withdrawal symptoms; however, risk factors associated with anxiety symptoms during the early stage of withdrawal in methamphetamine (METH) users are not well understood. Two hundred ten METH-dependent subjects who had been abstinent for 1 to 7 days were recruited. We used a set of self-administrative questionnaires eliciting information on sociodemographics, detailed drug use history and anxiety. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure anxiety symptoms. METH users had a mean BAI score of 6.9; 72 (34.3%) of the study sample had anxiety symptoms during acute METH withdrawal, including 42 (20.0%) with mild anxiety, 25 (11.9%) with moderate anxiety, and 5 (2.4%) with severe anxiety. In addition, gender (female), higher frequency of drug use, and history of polysubstance use were significantly correlated with anxiety symptoms during acute METH withdrawal. Anxiety symptoms appear to be common during the first week of METH abstinence, and several risk factors are identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jincai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008694:Methamphetamine