title: Rhus vernicifluaStokes Extract and Its Flavonoids Protect PC-12 Cells against H2O2-Induced Cytotoxicity.
abstract: Rhus vernicifluaStokes (RVS), an herbal medicine found in East Asia, was extracted and further fractionated to investigate its antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects. The RVS ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction had the highest level of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity among all solvent fractions tested. Pretreatment of PC-12 cells with the EtOAc fraction effectively attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction significantly attenuated caspase-3 activity, resulting in inhibition of H2O2-induced apoptosis. We identified and quantified fustin, sulfuretin, and butein in the EtOAc fraction using accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The intracellular antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly increased in PC-12 cells treated with the EtOAc fraction and with individual flavonoids. When cells were pretreated with the EtOAc fraction or individual flavonoids and then co-incubated with diethyldithiocarbamic acid (an inhibitor of SOD activity), cell viability against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was attenuated. These results suggest that the RVS EtOAc fraction and its flavonoid constituents protect PC-12 cells against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity through their antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Gyu
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Han
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ahmad Rois
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
authors.forename: Sang Gil
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Ok
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D047188:Chalcones; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C522894:fustin; C040918:butein; D004050:Ditiocarb; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D053148:Caspase 3; C054989:sulfuretin
keywords: Rhus verniciflua Stokes; caspase-3 activity; neuroprotective effect; quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; superoxide dismutase activity