title: Biological Age Predictors.
abstract: The search for reliable indicators of biological age, rather than chronological age, has been ongoing for over three decades, and until recently, largely without success. Advances in the fields of molecular biology have increased the variety of potential candidate biomarkers that may be considered as biological age predictors. In this review, we summarize current state-of-the-art findings considering six potential types of biological age predictors: epigenetic clocks, telomere length, transcriptomic predictors, proteomic predictors, metabolomics-based predictors, and composite biomarker predictors. Promising developments consider multiple combinations of these various types of predictors, which may shed light on the aging process and provide further understanding of what contributes to healthy aging. Thus far, the most promising, new biological age predictor is the epigenetic clock; however its true value as a biomarker of aging requires longitudinal confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: juulia.jylhava@ki.se.
authors.forename: Juulia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jylhävä
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: nancy.pedersen@ki.se.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: sara.hagg@ki.se.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hägg
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D032761:Animal Experimentation; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics; D040901:Proteomics; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059505:Telomere Homeostasis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Aging; Biomarker; Epigenetic clock; Prediction; Telomere length