title: High-Frequency Continuous Pulsed Magnetic Stimulation Does Not Adversely Affect Development on Whole Body Organs in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct histopathological studies on various organs in three different groups of female rats for adverse effects of pulsed magnetic stimulation (MS). Blood tests and body and organ weights were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A high-frequency continuous magnetic stimulator was used (SMN-X, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo). Thirty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats (SPF) were randomly divided into three groups: treatment (MS) groups with 12 and 36 stimulations (seven rats in each); sham groups exposed only to sounds of stimulation for 12 and 36 times; (seven rats in each); and control groups with no stimulation or sound during the same periods of 12 and 36 stimulations (five rats in each). The MS group received magnetic stimulation at the maximum output level (560 mT peak) at 10 Hz for 25 min once daily for 5 days a week. After treatment various organs including genital organs were removed for histological and endocrinological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes were seen in body and organ weights and daily behaviors among the three groups. No adverse influence of magnetic stimulation was noted on histopathological examinations of liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, thymus, urinary bladder, skeletal muscle and bone marrow. No intragroup changes were seen among the three groups with regard to endocrinological findings including blood cell counts, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), estrogen and progesterone levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulsed magnetic stimulation exerted no apparent adverse effect on the various organs, hormone levels, body weight, and daily behaviors in female rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Continence Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones
keywords: genital organs; histological study; pulsed magnetic stimulation; rats; urinary incontinence