title: Protein Mediated Oxidative Stress in Patients with Diabetes and its Associated Neuropathy: Correlation with Protein Carbonylation and Disease Activity Markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free radicals have been implicated as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) contributors in type 2 DM and its associated Diabetes Mellitus Neuropathy (DMN). However, the potential for protein mediated oxidative stress to contribute disease pathogenesis remains largely unexplored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the status and contribution of protein mediated oxidative stress in patients with DM or DMN and to explore whether oxidative protein modification has a role in DM progression to DM associated neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 42 DM and 37 DMN patients with varying levels of disease activities biomarkers (HbA1C, patients' age or disease duration) and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated for serum levels of protein mediated oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum analysis showed significantly higher levels of protein carbonyl contents in both DM and DMN patients compared with healthy controls. Importantly, not only was there an increased number of subjects positive for protein carbonylation, but also the levels of protein carbonyl contents were significantly higher among DM and DMN patients, whose HbA1C were ≥8.8 as compared with patients with lower HbA1C (HbA1C<8.8). Similar pattern of protein carbonyls formation was also observed with patients' ages or with patient's disease durations, suggesting a possible relationship between protein oxidation and disease progression. Furthermore, sera from DMN patients had higher levels of protein carbonylation compared with non-neuropathic DM patients' sera, suggesting an involvement of protein oxidation in the progression of diabetes to diabetes neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support an association between protein oxidation and DM or DMN progression. The stronger response observed in patients with higher HbA1C or patients' ages or disease durations suggests, that protein mediated oxidative stress may be useful in evaluating the progression of DM and its associated DMN and in elucidating the mechanisms of these disorders pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Buraidah, KSA .
authors.forename: Ebtehal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Almogbel
authors.affiliation: Specialist Doctor, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Buraidah, KSA .
authors.forename: Naila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasheed
keywords: Diabetes type 2; Disease durations; HbA1C; Patients’ ages; Protein oxidation