title: A case of epilepsy in multiple sclerosis: Three-dimensional double inversion recovery sequences revealed cortical dysplasia.
abstract: In epileptic patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), cortical lesions have been suggested to cause seizures. In brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), double inversion recovery (DIR) sequences are generally used to evaluate MS cortical disease burden. We present the case of a woman, diagnosed with MS, suffering from drug-resistant partial seizures initially attributed to MS. The patient underwent many MRI exams, but only by means of high-resolution three-dimensional DIR sequences was a focal cortical dysplasia discovered. The MRI findings and FDG-PET/CT supported the diagnosis. This case recommends the use of DIR sequences both in patients with suspect epileptogenic lesions not detected with routine MRI protocols and in epileptic patient with MS, before ascribing seizures to MS.
authors.affiliation: 1 Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zimatore
authors.affiliation: 1 Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trentadue
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellaro
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Neurology; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferlisi
authors.affiliation: 1 Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piovan
authors.affiliation: 4 Neurology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calabrese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Multiple sclerosis; cortical dysplasia; double inversion recovery (DIR); epilepsy; magnetic resonance imaging