title: Changes in Caprine Milk Oligosaccharides at Different Lactation Stages Analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Changes of the abundance of caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) at different lactation stages have been evaluated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC-Q MS) and nanoflow liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (nano-LC-Chip-QTOF MS). Eight major oligosaccharides (OS) were quantified at different lactation stages by HILIC-Q MS, while the use of nano-LC-Chip-QToF MS allowed expanding the study to forty-nine different OS by monitoring neutral non- and fucosylated species, as well as acidic species containing not only N-acetyl-neuraminic acid or N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid residues but also the combination of both sialic acids. Overall, the most abundant OS decreased with lactation time, whereas different trends were observed for minor OS. 6'-Sialyl-lactose was the most abundant acidic OS while galactosyl-lactose isomers were identified as the most abundant neutral OS. This is the first time that a comprehensive study regarding the changes of the abundance of CMO, both neutral and acidic, at different lactation stages is carried out.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-1596
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barile
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Matute
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007536:Isomerism; D007774:Lactation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides
keywords: goat milk oligosaccharides; hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography; lactation stages; nanoflow liquid chromatography−quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry