title: Characterization of PmSpӓtzle 1 from the black tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon.
abstract: Spätzle is a signaling ligand in innate immune response that signals pathogenic infection via Toll receptor and Toll pathway into the cells for the synthesis of antimicrobial proteins. Herein, three PmSpӓtzle isoforms were identified in Penaeus monodon, namely PmSpz1, 2 and 3. The PmSpz1 was chosen for detailed study. The PmSpz1 gene was expressed in all nine tissues tested including the hemocytes, stomach, hepatopancreas, gill, lymphoid tissue, eyestalk, muscle, intestine and heart. Its expression was up-regulated upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Western blot analysis of hemolymph showed that the PmSpz1 mostly existed as a cleaved active form awaiting to activate the Toll pathway. Injection of a recombinant PmSpz1 rendered the shrimp less susceptible to the WSSV infection. Injection of a recombinant active form of PmSpz1 into a normal shrimp activated the synthesis of crustinPm1, crustinPm7, ALFPm3, penaeidin3 but not penaeidin5 indicating that the expression of all antimicrobial proteins but not penaeidin5 was under the regulation of Toll pathway.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sittichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonrawd
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23 Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirikwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponprateep
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 10120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Premruethai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Supungul
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Promsin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masrinoul
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tassanakajon
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: kpvr2@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vichien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rimphanitchayakit
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D020033:Protein Isoforms
keywords: Antimicrobial proteins; Penaeus monodon; PmSpӓtzles; Toll pathway; White spot syndrome virus