title: Emphasizing Bloom's Affective Domain to Reduce Pharmacy Students' Stigmatizing Attitudes.
abstract: Objective.To create a learning environment using Bloom's affective domain as a framework that would reduce third-year pharmacy students' stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with mental illness.Design.Prior to the start of the module, students were asked to complete the 27-question Attribution Questionnaire Short Form (AQ-27). The teaching approach and in-class activities were designed to allow students' to experience the major categories within Bloom's affective domain. The module used patient cases, interactive-learning activities, and reflective discussions to augment pharmacological and therapeutic knowledge with a humanistic understanding of mental illness. Students were asked to retake the AQ-27 after completing the module.Assessment.Paired responses on the AQ-27 were reported for 74 of 104 students, which represents a response rate of 71.2%. Students' scores changed significantly on nine of the 27 questions. Students' attitudes pre- to post-module revealed a significant increase in the help construct, while there was a significant decrease in the dangerousness and fear constructs.Conclusion.Designing and implementing a course along the continuum of Bloom's affective domain resulted in appropriate changes in students' attitudes toward patients with mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Campbell University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Muzyk
authors.affiliation: Duke University Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Campbell University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.affiliation: Campbell University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina.
authors.forename: D Byron
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Campbell University, School of Education, Buies Creek, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Lorae
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roukema
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013240:Stereotyping; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: affective domain; mental illness; psychiatry; reflective discussion; stigma