title: A novel colloidal gold immunochromatography assay strip for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in domestic animals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China and an epidemiological survey has revealed that schistosome-infected bovines and goats are the main transmission sources for the disease. Therefore, development of a sensitive technique for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in domestic animals is necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) strip was developed for detecting Schistosoma japonicum in domestic animals. The colloidal gold was conjugated with recombinant streptococcal protein G (rSPG). As the test and control lines, the schistosome soluble egg antigen and rSPG, respectively, were blotted on nitrocellulose membrane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest detectable serum dilution was 1∶640 for schistosome-infected buffaloes. The cross-reaction rate of GICA was 14.29% with Paramphistomum sp. in buffaloes, 16.67% with Haemonchus sp. in goats, and 33.33% with Orientobilharzia sp. in goats. These results were slightly lower and similar to those obtained through ELISA. Moreover, the strips for detecting S. japonicum in mice, rabbits, buffaloes, and goats showed high sensitivity (100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, and 100.00%, respectively) and specificity (100.00%, 100.00%, 94.23%, and 88.64%, respectively). And the sensitivity or specificity of the GICA strips did not present any significant differences after storage for 12 months at room temperature. When compared with ELISA, the GICA strips exhibited similar sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in mice, rabbits, buffaloes, and goats. Besides, only 5 μl of serum are required for the test and the detection can be completed within 5 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to develop a GICA strip using gold-rSPG conjugate for the diagnosing of schistosomiasis in domestic animals, and preliminary results showed that the developed strip may be suitable for large-scale screening of schistosomiasis in endemic areas.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Jintao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Dengyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Jinli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Zhaozhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Bingguang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China. zcg@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chuangang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D017979:Gold Colloid / Q000032:analysis*; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000276:immunology*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D017979:Gold Colloid
keywords: Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay strip; Immunodiagnosis; Recombinant streptococcal protein G; Schistosoma japonicum