title: Effect of Alumina Particle Size on the Bond Strength between Autopolymerized Acrylic Resin and Commercially Pure Titanium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the following null hypothesis: when the Rocatec bonding system is used, the various sizes of aluminum oxide particles used to roughen the surface area of the commercially pure (CP) titanium prior to bonding to autopolymerized resin have no effect on the average shear bond strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred specimens were randomly allocated to five equally sized groups: Ti-no air abrasion (group A), Ti-air-abraded with 50 μm (group B), Ti-110 μm (group C), Ti-250 μm (group D), and Co-Cr-50 μm (group E) grain-size aluminum oxide. Rocatec Plus tribochemical coating was applied to all of the specimens, followed by a RelyX primer and Sinfonyopaquer. Autopolymerized denture base resin was then bonded to the treated titanium surfaces. All specimens underwent thermocycling (10,000 cycles), shear bond testing, and mode of failure examination under stereoscopic microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average bond strength of group D (250 μm) was significantly different compared to all other groups, except group C (p = 0.057, trending significance). The average bond strength of group D was substantially higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.01). The weakest bond was observed when the specimens did not receive any air abrasion (group A). Maximum load (N) showed the same significant results as the shear bond strength at maximum load (MPa). The average extension at maximum load (mm) and the time at maximum load(s) for group A were significantly different than that of all other groups. Group A had lower average values than any other group (p = 0.003). More cohesive and mixed, rather than adhesive, modes of failure were observed as the size of the aluminum oxide particles increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the Rocatec system is used, using a combination of chemical and micromechanical adhesion is essential for the success of the bond between the autopolymerized acrylic resin and CP Ti. The micromechanical interlock can be improved significantly when the Ti surface is air abraded with larger particles (250 μm) than the currently used alumina particle size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alfadda
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching; D003764:Dental Materials; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D010316:Particle Size; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: Titanium; aluminum grain size; autopolymerized resin; denture base resin; shear bond strength