title: Self-reported postoperative recovery in children after tonsillectomy compared to tonsillotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tonsil surgery is associated with significant morbidity during recovery. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) are the golden standard for the planning and follow-up of delivered care, which should also be an axiom for children. The current aims were to describe self-reported postoperative recovery in children after tonsil surgery, and to compare tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy in this respect.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 238 children (4-12 years old) with a history of obstructive problems and/or recurrent tonsillitis, and undergoing tonsil surgery were included. Forty-eight per cent were operated with partial tonsil resection/tonsillotomy (TT) and 52% with total tonsillectomy (TE), all in day surgery. Postoperative recovery was assessed on days 1, 4 and 10 using the validated self-rating instrument PRiC, Postoperative Recovery in Children. This includes 23 items covering different aspects of recovery after tonsil surgery. A higher score indicates worse status in the respective items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily life activities (sleeping, eating and playing), physical symptoms (e.g., headache, stomach ache, sore throat, otalgia, dizziness, nausea, defecation, urination), and emotional aspects (sadness, frightening dreams) were affected during the recovery period. The TE-girls showed higher scores than the boys regarding stomach ache, defecation and dizziness. Children above 6 years of age reported higher values for the physical comfort variables, while the younger group showed worse emotional states. Postoperative recovery improved from day 1-10 in all surgical groups. The TE-group showed lower recovery compared to the TT-group (p < 0.01-0.001) in most items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The goal of postoperative management is to minimize or eliminate discomfort, facilitating the recovery process and avoiding complications. Children are able to describe their recovery, and thus, PRiC seems to be able to serve as a PROM to obtain patient-centered data after tonsil surgery. The recovery process after TT causes less postoperative morbidity and a quicker return to normal activity compared to TE.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrica
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Sciences, Malmö University, S-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann-Cathrine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bramhagen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Sciences, Malmö University, S-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Idvall
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden. Electronic address: elisabeth.ericsson@oru.se.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ericsson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057566:Self Report; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Pain; Patient-reported outcome measures; Postoperative recovery; Tonsillectomy tonsillotomy