title: Constitutively Active Arabidopsis MAP Kinase 3 Triggers Defense Responses Involving Salicylic Acid and SUMM2 Resistance Protein.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important regulators of plant immunity. Most of the knowledge about the function of these pathways is derived from loss-of-function approaches. Using a gain-of-function approach, we investigated the responses controlled by a constitutively active (CA) MPK3 inArabidopsis thalianaCA-MPK3plants are dwarfed and display a massive derepression of defense genes associated with spontaneous cell death as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, phytoalexins, and the stress-related hormones ethylene and salicylic acid (SA). RemarkablyCA-MPK3/sid2andCA-MPK3/ein2-50lines, which are impaired in SA synthesis and ethylene signaling, respectively, retain most of theCA-MPK3-associated phenotypes, indicating that the constitutive activity of MPK3 can bypass SA and ethylene signaling to activate defense responses. A comparative analysis of the molecular phenotypes ofCA-MPK3andmpk4autoimmunity suggested convergence between the MPK3- and MPK4-guarding modules. In support of this model,CA-MPK3crosses withsumm1andsumm2, two known suppressors ofmpk4, resulted in a partial reversion of theCA-MPK3phenotypes. Overall, our data unravel a novel mechanism by which the MAPK signaling network contributes to a robust defense-response system.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9070-1772
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Genot
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Souha
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6043-4730
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berriri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Marie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6035-9993
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garmier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pateyron
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haustraete
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7755-1420
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Der Straeten
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.).|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.).
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3119-9633
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (B.G., J.L., S.B., M.G., F.G., S.P., H.H., J.C.); jean.colcombet@ips2.universite-paris-saclay.fr.|Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.H., D.V.D.S.); and jean.colcombet@ips2.universite-paris-saclay.fr.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (H.H.) jean.colcombet@ips2.universite-paris-saclay.fr.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0176-3857
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colcombet
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D060467:Disease Resistance; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D005408:Flagellin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012603:Scopoletin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; D005408:Flagellin; D007211:Indoles; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D012603:Scopoletin; D013844:Thiazoles; C573316:SUMM2 protein, Arabidopsis; C102405:camalexin; D000094162:Phytoalexins; C036216:ethylene; C458516:AtMPK3 protein, Arabidopsis