title: Removal of epicardial adipose tissue after myocardial infarction improves cardiac function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the role of lipolysis of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a rat model of MI with or without EAT removal to study the effects of EAT lipolysis on cardiovascular function. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were used to determine cardiac function, and infarct size and histopathology specimens were analyzed in postmortem sections. Inflammatory responses were evaluated via flow cytometry and Elisa analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the lipolysis of EAT increased significantly after MI. Removal of the EAT after MI (MI-EAT) improved cardiac function by nearly 10% and decreased the infarct area by 6% when compared with rats retaining EAT after MI (MI+EAT). Furthermore, the removal of EAT reduced the number of CD45-positive leukocytes (50 vs. 34.8%) and increased the ratio of macrophage/leukocytes (56 vs. 75%) in the infarcted heart. Compared with the MI+EAT group, the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1‑beta were reduced in the MI-EAT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipolysis of EAT increased significantly after MI. Removal of EAT improved cardiac function, in part, by weakening the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: H-X
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: X-J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Q-L
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Haidian District, Beijing, China. liyangxys@163.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D008066:Lipolysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D010496:Pericardium; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
keywords: Adipose tissue; Epicardium; Inflammation; Lipolysis; Myocardial infarct