title: Transcriptional signatures of steroid hormones in the striatal neurons and astrocytes.
abstract: The mechanisms of steroids actions in the brain mainly involve the binding and nuclear translocation of specific cytoplasmic receptors. These receptors can act as transcription factors and regulate gene expression. However, steroid-dependent transcriptional regulation in different types of neural cells is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare transcriptional alterations induced by various steroid receptor agonists in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons from mouse brain.
  
  
  
  We utilized whole-genome microarrays (Illumina Mouse WG-6) and quantitative PCR analyses to measure mRNA abundance levels. To stimulate gene expression we treated neuronal and astroglial cultures with dexamethasone (100 nM), aldosterone (200 nM), progesterone (200 nM), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (200 nM) and β-Estradiol (200 nM) for 4 h. Neurons were found to exhibit higher levels of expression of mineralocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor 2 than astrocytes. However, higher mRNA level of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was observed in astrocytes. We identified 956 genes regulated by steroids. In astrocytes we found 381 genes altered by dexamethasone and 19 altered by aldosterone. Functional classification of the regulated genes indicated their putative involvement in multiple aspects of cell metabolism (up-regulated Slc2a1, Pdk4 and Slc45a3) and the inflammatory response (down-regulated Ccl3, Il1b and Tnf). Progesterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol did not change gene expression in astrocytes. We found no significant changes in gene expression in neurons.
  
  
  
  The obtained results indicate that glial cells might be the primary targets of transcriptional action of steroids in the central nervous system. Substantial changes in gene expression driven by the glucocorticoid receptor imply an important role for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the hormone-dependent regulation of brain physiology. This is an in vitro study. Hence, the model may not accurately reflect all the effects of steroids on gene expression in neurons in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland. marpiech@if-pan.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2468-151X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piechota
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korostynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golda
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ficek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jantas
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Ziolkowska
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Barbara
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Przewlocki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D013256:Steroids