title: Neuroprotective effect of Aronia melanocarpa extract against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutamate (an endogenous excitatory neurotransmitter) at high concentrations contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Aronia melanocarpa (A. melanocarpa) berries contain anthocyanins and have high antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated whether A. melanocarpa berries could protect neuronal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A. melanocarpa berries exerted a protective effect against cytotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells by MTT assay. We evaluated oxidative stress parameters including ROS level, intracellular Ca2+level, glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activity in HT22 cells to elucidate the mechanism of its neuroprotective effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A. melanocarpa berries decreased glutamate-induced death of HT22 cells. In addition, A. melanocarpa berries reduced ROS and intracellular Ca2+levels. Glutathione level, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxide activities and mitochondrial membrane potential were also increased in HT22 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that A. melanocarpa berries protected HT22 cells by exerting an antioxidant effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju, 361-742, Republic of Korea.|Future Food Research Center, 377-3 Musimsero, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28674, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gahee
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Seung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju, 361-742, Republic of Korea.|Future Food Research Center, 377-3 Musimsero, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28674, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myong Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea. cjma@kangwon.ac.kr.|Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea. cjma@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Choong Je
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D046936:Photinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant effect; Aronia melanocarpa; Glutamate; Neuroprotective effect