title: Mass trapping is as effective as ground bait sprays for the control of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies in mango orchards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anastrepha fruit flies are considered one of the main phytosanitary problems for the fresh fruit industry in the USA, Caribbean islands and Latin America. Since 1994, the Mexican government has implemented the National Fruit Fly Program using an area-wide integrated pest management approach. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of mass trapping and compare it with ground GF-120 spraying against Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens populations in mango cv. Ataulfo orchards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilure® traps baited with Ceratrap® or Biolure® captured significantly more fruit flies than Captor 300 in field cage tests. Mass trapping and ground GF-120 spray significantly suppressed fruit fly populations compared with untreated plots. In Multilure traps placed in untreated plots, we captured significantly more fruit flies than in treated plots with mass trapping or GF-120 sprays. Plots treated with either mass trapping or GF-120 sprays reduced the percentage of infested fruit significantly compared with untreated plots. There was no difference between mass trapping and GF-120 ground bait spraying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that mass trapping was as effective as GF-120 ground spraying for the control of fruit flies in mango cv. Ataulfo orchards. The suppression effect of mass trapping was similar to GF-120 ground bait spraying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Programa Moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a los Cacaotales S/N Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, CP, México.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-1721
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liedo
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
authors.forename: Edi A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Malo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D031022:Mangifera / Q000254:growth & development; D008800:Mexico; D033621:Tephritidae
keywords: Anastrepha ludens; Anastrepha obliqua; Ceratrap; GF-120; area-wide IPM; mango cv. Ataulfo