title: Bio- and hydrochars from rice straw and pig manure: Inter-comparison.
abstract: Conversion of rice straw (RS) and pig manure (PM) into chars is a promising disposal/recycling option. Herein, pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization were used to produce bio- and hydrochars from RS and PM, affording lower biochar (300-700°C) and hydrochar (180-300°C) yields at higher temperatures within the specified range. The C contents and C/N ratios of RS chars were higher than those of PM ones, with the opposite trend observed for yield and ash content. C and ash contents increased with increasing temperature, whereas H/C, O/C, and (O+N)/C ratios decreased. The lower H/C ratio of biochars compared to that of hydrochars indicated greater stability of the former. KCl was the main inorganic fraction in RS biochars, whereas quartz was dominant in PM biochars, and albite in PM hydrochars. Thus, RS is more suitable for carbon sequestration, while PM is more suitable for use as a soil amendment substrate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yuxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Haohao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
authors.forename: Satinder Kaur
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China. Electronic address: yangshengmao@263.net.
authors.forename: Shengmao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure; D012275:Oryza; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biochar; Biowaste; Hydrochar; Hydrothermal carbonization; Pyrolysis