title: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Known Causes, Unknown Effects.
abstract: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neuropathologic diagnosis typically made in human brains with a history of repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI). It remains unknown whether CTE occurs exclusively after rTBI, or whether a single TBI (sTBI) can cause CTE. Similarly, it is unclear whether impact (eg, motor vehicle accidents) and non-impact (eg, blasts) types of energy transfer trigger divergent or common pathologies. While it is established that a history of rTBI increases the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases (eg, dementia, parkinsonism, and CTE), the possible pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms underlying these risks have yet to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Dr #100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.affiliation: Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Dr #100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shively
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street - Suite 300, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Edlow
authors.affiliation: Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Electronic address: daniel.perl@usuhs.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Perl
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic; D000070627:Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D003704:Dementia; D006801:Humans
keywords: Acute and long-term effects; Chronic traumatic encephalopathy; Diffuse axonal injury; Neurodegeneration; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Tau; Traumatic brain injury; β-Amyloid