title: Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: critical tools for antibiotic resistance pattern.
abstract: Drug resistance is a phenomenon where by an organism becomes fully or partially resistant to drugs or antibiotics being used against it. Antibiotic resistance poses an exacting intimidation for people with underlying medical immune conditions or weakened immune systems. Infections caused by the enzyme extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing multi drug resistance (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to a broad range of beta lactams, including third generation cephalosporins. Among all the pathogens, these two MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae have emerged as one of the world's greatest health threats in past two decades. The nosocomial infections caused by these ESBL producing MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae complicated the therapy and limit treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Nagarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Padmini
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Antony Alex Kennedy
authors.initials: AAK
authors.lastname: Ajilda
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Natesan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-6047
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Selvakumar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003428:Cross Infection; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: ESBL; Enterobacteriaceae; MDR; antibiotic resistance; third generation cephalosporins