title: Anti-inflammatory activity of Crateva adansonii DC on keratinocytes infected by Staphylococcus aureus: From traditional practice to scientific approach using HPTLC-densitometry.
abstract: Leaves of Crateva adansonii DC (Capparidaceae), a small bush found in Togo, are widely used in traditional medicine to cure infectious abscesses. Traditional healers of Lomé harvest only budding leaves early in the morning, in specific area in order to prepare their drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main goal was to validate the ancestral picking practices, and to assess the activity of C. adansonii medicine towards infectious abscesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phytochemical screening of various C. adansonii leaf samples was performed using an original HPTLC-densitometry protocol and major flavonoids were identified and quantified. C. adansonii samples were collected in different neighborhoods of Lomé, at different harvesting-times and at different ages. Radical scavenging capacity, using DPPH assay, was used to quickly screen all extracts. Extracts were tested for anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity and anti-inflammatory effect on human primary keratinocytes infected by S. aureus. IL6, IL8 and TNFα expression and production were assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using antioxidant activity as selection criteria, optimal extracts were obtained with budding leaves, collected at 5:00am in Djidjolé neighborhood. This extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory effect on S. aureus-infected keratinocytes by reducing IL6, IL8 and TNFα expression and production. None of the extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Those results validate the traditional practices and the potential of C. adansonii as anti-inflammatory drug. Our findings suggest that traditional healers should add to C. adansonii leaves an antibacterial plant of Togo Pharmacopeia, in order to improve abscess healing.
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours, UMR INRA 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; Université de Lomé, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biotechnologies végétales, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo; Université de Lomé, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo.
authors.forename: Kplolali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahama-Esseh
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bodet
authors.affiliation: Université de Lomé, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biotechnologies végétales, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo.
authors.forename: Akossiwa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quashie-Mensah-Attoh
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours, UMR INRA 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Théry-Koné
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours, UMR INRA 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorat
authors.affiliation: Université de Lomé, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo.
authors.forename: Comlan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours, UMR INSERM 1069 N2C Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enguehard-Gueiffier
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours, UMR INRA 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France. Electronic address: leslie.boudesocque@univ-tours.fr.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boudesocque-Delaye
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D031483:Capparaceae; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antioxidant; Chromatography; Inflammation; Skin; Traditional medicine Africa