title: Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Self-Efficacy in Chronic Disease Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-efficacy is an essential factor for effective self-management in chronic-disease patients. Therefore, the measurement of self-efficacy with a valid and reliable instrument is required. In this study, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of "Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease" (SES6G) are illustrated in a sample of Iranian chronic-disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study in which translation and backward translation was performed by bilingual translators. The final version of the Persian scale was assessed to determine the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR). A panel of experts reviewed items of the scale. Factor analysis was performed for the final version of the Persian scale to assess internal consistency and construct validity among chronic-disease patients attending government health care centers from March 2015 to June 2015 in Isfahan, Iran (n= 483).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVI and CVR scores were 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. There were no eliminated items in the cross-cultural adaptation process. Internal consistency met the criterion for a reliable measure (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). An initial factor analysis produced a one-dimensional scale (6 items) with Eigenvalues more than 1 that explained 69.49% of the extracted variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SES6G is a reliable and valid instrument to assess patients' self-efficacy for managing chronic diseases in Persian language. Because the self-efficacy score determines the educational strategies to have effective educational programs, the use of this simple and brief scale could be considered among Persian patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: AhmadAli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eslami
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Educationand Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyde-Sharbanoo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Daniali
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition/Community Nutrition/Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reisi-Dehkordi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mostafavi-Darani
keywords: Iran; nurses; psychological adaptation; psychometric; self-efficacy