title: A novel methodology for assessing laryngeal and vagus nerve integrity in patients under general anesthesia.
abstract: To describe a novel methodology for intraoperative neuro-monitoring of laryngeal and vagus nerves by utilizing the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR).
  
  
  
  Case series of 15 patients undergoing thyroid and cervical spine surgeries under total intravenous general anesthesia. Vocal fold mucosa was electrically stimulated to elicit a LAR using endotracheal tube based electrodes. Contralateral R1 (cR1) and R2 (cR2) responses were recorded using the endotracheal tube electrode contralateral to the simulating electrode.
  
  
  
  The LAR was reliably elicited in 100% of patients for the duration of each surgical procedure. Mean onset latency of cR1 response was 22.4±2.5ms (right) and 22.2±2.4ms (left). cR2 responses were noted in 10 patients (66.7%). No peri-operative complications or adverse outcomes were observed.
  
  
  
  The LAR is a novel neuro-monitoring technique for the vagus nerve. Advantages over current monitoring techniques including simplicity, ability to continuously monitor neural function without placement of additional neural probes and ability to assess integrity of both sensory and motor pathways.
  
  
  
  The LAR represents a novel method for intraoperatively monitoring laryngeal and vagus nerves. The LAR monitors the entire vagus nerve reflex arc and is thus applicable to all surgeries where vagal nerve integrity may be compromised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Téllez
authors.affiliation: Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.affiliation: Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: sulkatan@chpnet.org.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulkatan
authors.affiliation: Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deletis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Anesthesia; Brainstem; Intraoperative monitoring; Recurrent laryngeal nerve; Vagus nerve; Vocal fold