title: Stratum corneum profiles of inflammatory mediators in patch test reactions to common contact allergens and sodium lauryl sulfate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated allergen-specific differences in the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in patch tested skin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine levels of various inflammatory mediators in the stratum corneum (SC) after patch testing with common contact allergens and the skin irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 27 individuals who had previously patch tested positive to nickel, chromium, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) or para-phenylenediamine were retested and then patch tested with SLS and petrolatum, with petrolatum serving as the patch test control. At 72 h, the test sites were clinically graded and the SC samples collected on adhesive tape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of 18 of the 32 quantified mediators differed significantly from that of the control patches for at least one of the tested substances. SLS and MCI/MI induced the largest number of immunomediators. Interleukin (IL)-16 levels were significantly higher in patch test reactions in all allergens than they were in the controls, while no significant difference was detected for SLS. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation was found between strength of patch test reaction and IL-1α levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine profiles in the SC of patch tested skin did not show a distinct allergen-specific pattern. However, MCI/MI induced a larger and wider immune response than the other allergens, perhaps due to its potency as an irritant. The levels of IL-16 were significantly increased in patch test reactions to allergens but not to SLS; thus, they may help clinicians to differentiate between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Dermatology-Allergology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Koppes
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center, Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ljubojevic Hadzavdic
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jakasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Hospital Centre 'Sestre Milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center, Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jurakić Tončić
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center, Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marinović
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brans
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology-Allergology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.affiliation: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H W
authors.initials: MHW
authors.lastname: Frings-Dresen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology-Allergology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rustemeyer
authors.affiliation: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kezic
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000378:metabolism*; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000378:metabolism*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D007509:Irritants; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate