title: The State of Skewed X Chromosome Inactivation is Retained in the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from a Female with Hemophilia B.
abstract: Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a rare reason for hemophilia B in females. It is indefinite whether X chromosome reactivation (XCR) would occur when cells of hemophilia B patients with skewed XCI were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this study, we investigated a female hemophilia B patient with a known F9 gene mutation: c.676C>T, p.Arg226Trp. We demonstrated that skewed XCI was the pathogenesis of the patient, and we successfully generated numerous iPSC colonies of the patient from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), which was the first time for generating hemophilia-specific iPSCs from PBMNCs. Then we detected the XCI state of these iPSCs. Ninety-two iPSC lines were picked for XCI analysis. All of them retained an inactive X chromosome, which could be proved by amplification of the androgen receptor gene and XIST (X inactivation-specific transcript), expression of H3K27me3, and existence of XIST clouds in XIST RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. We attempted to obtain iPSC lines with the wild-type F9 gene on the active X chromosome for further disease treatment. But it turned out that the patient's iPSCs were still skewed such as the somatic cells with 92 iPSC lines having mutant F9 on the active X chromosome. In conclusion, skewed XCI is one reason for hemophilia in females. PBMNCs are excellent somatic cell resources for hemophilia patients to do reprogramming. More attentions should be paid to generate naive iPSCs with two active X chromosomes for further clinical disease treatment. The state of skewed XCI is retained in the iPSCs from a female with hemophilia B.
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .|2 Department of Hematology, The First Central Hospital of Tianjin , Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Rongfeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Huiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Donglei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Renchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China .
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: X chromosome inactivation; XIST noncoding RNA; hemophilia B; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; induced pluripotent stem cells