title: An innovative method of ocular prosthesis fabrication by bio-CAD and rapid 3-D printing technology: A pilot study.
abstract: Ocular prosthesis is either a readymade stock shell or custom made prosthesis (CMP). Presently, there is no other technology available, which is either superior or even comparable to the conventional CMP. The present study was designed to fabricate ocular prosthesis using computer aided design (CAD) and rapid manufacturing (RM) technology and to compare it with custom made prosthesis (CMP). The ocular prosthesis prepared by CAD was compared with conventional CMP in terms of time taken for fabrication, weight, cosmesis, comfort, and motility. Two eyes of two patients were included. Computerized tomography scan of wax model of socket was converted into three dimensional format using Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS)software and further refined. This was given as an input to rapid manufacturing machine (Polyjet 3-D printer). The final painting on prototype was done by an ocularist. The average effective time required for fabrication of CAD prosthesis was 2.5 hours; and weight 2.9 grams. The same for CMP were 10 hours; and 4.4 grams. CAD prosthesis was more comfortable for both the patients. The study demonstrates the first ever attempt of fabricating a complete ocular prosthesis using CAD and rapid manufacturing and comparing it with conventional CMP. This prosthesis takes lesser time for fabrication, and is more comfortable. Studies with larger sample size will be required to further validate this technique.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya , Medical Research Foundation , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Md Shahid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: b Department of Manufacturing Engineering , College of Engineering, Anna University , Guindy , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugavaneswaran
authors.affiliation: b Department of Manufacturing Engineering , College of Engineering, Anna University , Guindy , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arumaikkannu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Services, Sankara Nethralaya , Medical Research Foundation , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Bipasha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010865:Pilot Projects; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: 3D printing; Artificial eye; computer-aided; prosthesis