title: Adherence to nutrition-based cancer prevention guidelines and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the MCC-Spain case-control study.
abstract: Prostate, breast and colorectal cancer are the most common tumours in Spain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adherence to nutrition-based guidelines for cancer prevention and prostate, breast and colorectal cancer, in the MCC-Spain case-control study. A total of 1,718 colorectal, 1,343 breast and 864 prostate cancer cases and 3,431 population-based controls recruited between 2007 and 2012, were included in the present study. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRC/AICR) score based on six recommendations for cancer prevention (on body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods and alcoholic drinks; score range 0-6) was constructed. We used unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. One-point increment in the WCRF/AICR score was associated with 25% (95% CI 19-30%) lower risk of colorectal, and 15% (95% CI 7-22%) lower risk of breast cancer; no association with prostate cancer was detected, except for cases with a Gleason score ≥7 (poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumours) (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). These results add to the wealth of evidence indicating that a great proportion of common cancer cases could be avoided by adopting healthy lifestyle habits.
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5762-8558
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gracia-Lavedan
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molinuevo
authors.affiliation: IRBLleida, Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Batlle
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.|Carolina Population Center and Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castelló
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Research Group on Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dávila-Batista
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Trinidad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dierssen-Sotos
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez-Acebo
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castilla
authors.affiliation: Health Department, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Region, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urtiaga
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Pública de Dénia. Consellería de Sanidad Universal y Salud Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Llorens-Ivorra
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|IUOPA University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández-Tardón
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|IUOPA University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Adonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: José Andrés
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lorca
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcos-Gragera
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olmedo-Requena
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Moleon
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Detection Programme, Osakidetza-Health Basque Service, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Jone
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altzibar
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Sanjosé
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollán
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aragonés
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.|University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castaño-Vinyals
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.|University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Health Research Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Health Department, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Region, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D044623:Nutrition Therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: breast cancer; case-control study; colorectal cancer; nutrition-based guidelines; prostate cancer