title: Maryland's Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Form Use: Reports of a Statewide Survey.
abstract: Advance directives (ADs) and Physicians Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) orders perform different but complementary functions in documenting a patient's treatment preferences and translating them into actionable orders that change in keeping with the patient's evolving clinical picture. Maryland's Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) form developed through a stakeholder-driven process that deviates from other POLST forms. While a patient or surrogate can decline discussing MOLST orders with a clinician, clinicians must write MOLST orders for certain patients (e.g., those admitted to a nursing home (NH), assisted living facility (ALF), hospice, home health (HH) agency, or dialysis center, discharged from a hospital to any of these facilities, or transferred between hospitals).
  
  
  
  To gather data on Maryland MOLST form use to evaluate performance and inform future research and practice.
  
  
  
  Chart reviews (CRs).
  
  
  
  MOLST forms and patient data collected from Maryland hospitals (adult nonpsych, nontrauma, nonobstetric patients), NHs, ALFs, hospices, HH agencies, and dialysis centers.
  
  
  
  Facility demographic tool and CR tools.
  
  
  
  A total of 1959 CRs were received from 137 facilities, including 2064 MOLST forms. Most patients required to have MOLST orders had them (84%); fewer had ADs (47%). Few patients or surrogates declined discussing MOLST orders (1%). Few MOLST orders were written based on medical ineffectiveness criteria defined in Maryland law (<1%). MOLST form completion error rates ranged from 1% to 3%. Non-white patients were about twice as likely to have a MOLST "Attempt CPR" order (62%) as white patients (32%).
  
  
  
  MOLST error rates are relatively low and consistent with other research. Areas for improvement include selecting one order option where required, avoiding contradictions between Page 1 and 2 orders, offering MOLST Page 2 options if relevant, and documenting in the medical record a summary of the discussion informing MOLST orders.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing , Baltimore, Maryland.|2 Maryland Healthcare Ethics Committee Network, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anita J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tarzian
authors.affiliation: 3 Law and Health Care Program, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nadia B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Cheevers
mesh_terms: D016223:Advance Directives; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008485:Medical Audit; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care
keywords: advance directives; end-of-life care; palliative care; patient-centered care; quality improvement