title: Implementation strategies to promote community-engaged efforts to counter tobacco marketing at the point of sale.
abstract: The US tobacco industry spends $8.2 billion annually on marketing at the point of sale (POS), a practice known to increase tobacco use. Evidence-based policy interventions (EBPIs) are available to reduce exposure to POS marketing, and nationwide, states are funding community-based tobacco control partnerships to promote local enactment of these EBPIs. Little is known, however, about what implementation strategies best support community partnerships' success enacting EBPI. Guided by Kingdon's theory of policy change, Counter Tools provides tools, training, and other implementation strategies to support community partnerships' performance of five core policy change processes: document local problem, formulate policy solutions, engage partners, raise awareness of problems and solutions, and persuade decision makers to enact new policy. We assessed Counter Tools' impact at 1 year on (1) partnership coordinators' self-efficacy, (2) partnerships' performance of core policy change processes, (3) community progress toward EBPI enactment, and (4) salient contextual factors. Counter Tools provided implementation strategies to 30 partnerships. Data on self-efficacy were collected using a pre-post survey. Structured interviews assessed performance of core policy change processes. Data also were collected on progress toward EBPI enactment and contextual factors. Analysis included descriptive and bivariate statistics and content analysis. Following 1-year exposure to implementation strategies, coordinators' self-efficacy increased significantly. Partnerships completed the greatest proportion of activities within the "engage partners" and "document local problem" core processes. Communities made only limited progress toward policy enactment. Findings can inform delivery of implementation strategies and tests of their effects on community-level efforts to enact EBPIs.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7460, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7460, USA. jleeman@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leeman
authors.affiliation: Counter Tools, Carrboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Counter Tools, Carrboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wangen
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Queen
mesh_terms: D003256:Community Participation / Q000379:methods; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006291:Health Policy; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D040541:Marketing; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000191:economics; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: Health promotion policy; Implementation strategies; Point-of-sale; Tobacco