title: Protective effects of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata against in vitro hepatic stellate cells system and thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Maxim (Vitaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb used for treating liver disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The hepatoprotective effects of A. brevipedunculata ethanol extract (ABE) was investigated in experimental models of fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) system in vitro and thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis rat model in vivo were used. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of eight each (control, TAA, TAA with ABE 10 mg/kg, ABE 100 mg/kg and silymarin 50 mg/kg groups, respectively). Fibrosis was induced except to the control group by TAA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice per week for 13 weeks. ABE and silymarin was administered orally six times per week from the 7th week to the 13th week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In HSC-T6 cells, ABE (0.1 mg/mL) and silymarin (0.05 mg/mL) significantly (p < 0.01) induced apoptosis (12.94 ± 5.72% and 14.9 ± 3.8%, respectively) compared with control group (7.51 ± 1.26%). The expression of fibrosis related genes (TGF-β, α-SMA and Col1A1) in HSC-T6 cells were significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated in ABE-treated groups compared with control group. In in vivo studies, ABE (10 and 100 mg/kg) treatment ameliorated the altered levels of serum biomarkers significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in TAA-induced groups. Further, ABE (10 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the altered histopathological findings, glutathione content and the accumulation of hydroxyproline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results collectively indicate that ABE can potentially be developed as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Life Science , Graduate School of Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.|b R&D center Korean Drug Co., Ltd , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Mun Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yum
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Life Science , Graduate School of Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.|c Department of Biotechnology , College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.
authors.forename: Sushruta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppula
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Life Science , Graduate School of Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Seoub
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Life Science , Graduate School of Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang Mo
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biotechnology , College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: d Food One Corp, Deoksan-myeon Jincheon-gun , Chungcheongbuk-do , Korea.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: d Food One Corp, Deoksan-myeon Jincheon-gun , Chungcheongbuk-do , Korea.
authors.forename: Chi Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: e Department of Internal medicine , School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Chungju , Chungbuk , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Life Science , Graduate School of Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.|c Department of Biotechnology , College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea.
authors.forename: MinDong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D032421:Ampelopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013853:Thioacetamide / Q000633:toxicity; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012838:Silymarin; D013853:Thioacetamide; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat
keywords: Extracellular matrix; apoptosis; glutathione; hydroxyproline; reactive oxygen species; silymarin