title: New association of bone morphogenetic protein 4 concentrations with fat distribution in obesity and Exenatide intervention on it.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) has been proven to regulate white adipogensis. We aimed to demonstrate the correlation of BMP-4 with fat distribution and Exenatide treatment on it.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 69 obese patients. Anthropometric and metabolic indexes were collected. Fat distribution was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BPM-4 levels were assessed using enzyme-link immunosorbent assay kit. 30 obese patients were treated with Exenatide twice a day. Change in body weight, metabolic-related indices and BPM-4 levels were evaluated after 18 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) The mean(±SD) BMP-4 levels were 763.98 ± 324.11 pg/ml in the obese. BPM-4 levels were significantly positively correlated with estimated visceral adipose tissue mass in all subjects and also in females (r = 0.377, r = 0.625, respectively,all P < 0.05). BPM-4 levels were also significantly positively correlated with body mass index, hip circumference and total fat% in females (r = 0.375,r = 0.429,r = 0.493,respectively, all P < 0.05). BPM-4 levels were negatively correlated with total cholesterol(TC) in all subjects and males also (r = -0.373,r = -0.332,respectively, all P < 0.05). BPM-4 levels were also significantly positively correlated with free triiodothyronine in males (r = 0.441, P < 0.05). 3) Multivariate analyses showed that TC was risk factor of BMP-4 concentration in males and Est.VAT Area was risk factor of BMP-4 levels in females. 4) BMP-4 levels were significantly higher in the obesity with slightly increased thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) than the obesity without slightly increased TSH (902.08 ± 354.74 pg/ml vs. 720.24 ± 306.41 pg/ml, P < 0.05). 5) Exenatide treatment leads to a significant decreased in BMP-4 from 860.05 ± 352.65 pg/ml to 649.44 + 277.49 pg/ml independent of weight loss(P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-4 levels were associated with the visceral adipose tissue and may play a certain role in fat distribution and subclinical hypothyroidism in obesity. Exenatide treatment reduced BMP-4 levels independent of weight loss.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02118376 , Registered 16 April.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Xingchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Cui Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jingyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Sharvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rampersad
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. qushencn@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D054795:Incretins; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077270:Exenatide; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Exenatide; Fat distribution; Obesity