title: Systematic review indicates postnatal growth in term infants born small-for-gestational-age being associated with later neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes.
abstract: We systematically reviewed papers published in English between 1994 and October 2015 on how postnatal weight gain and growth affect neurodevelopment and metabolic outcomes in term-born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Two randomised trials reported that enriched infant formulas that promoted early growth also increased fat mass, lean mass and blood pressure (BP), but had no effect on early neurocognitive outcomes. Meanwhile, 31 observational studies reported consistent positive associations between postnatal weight gain and growth with neurocognitive outcomes, adiposity, insulin resistance and BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few intervention studies exist, despite consistent positive associations between early growth and neurocognition in term-born SGA infants.
authors.affiliation: Abbott Nutrition R&D, University Science Park, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castanys-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eurídice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: DSM-Martek Division, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.affiliation: MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ozanne
authors.affiliation: Abbott Nutrition R&D, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rueda
authors.affiliation: Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.affiliation: Nutricia Research, Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van der Beek
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.|University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stef
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Buuren
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ken K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ong
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Adiposity; Insulin resistance; Neurodevelopment; Postnatal growth; Small for gestational age