title: Population genetic structure and mycotoxin potential of the wheat crown rot and head blight pathogen Fusarium culmorum in Algeria.
abstract: Surveys for crown rot (FCR) and head blight (FHB) of Algerian wheat conducted during 2014 and 2015 revealed that Fusarium culmorum strains producing 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON) or nivalenol (NIV) were the causal agents of these important diseases. Morphological identification of the isolates (n FCR=110, n FHB=30) was confirmed by sequencing a portion of TEF1. To assess mating type idiomorph, trichothecene chemotype potential and global population structure, the Algerian strains were compared with preliminary sample of F. culmorum from Italy (n=27), Australia (n=30) and the United States (n=28). A PCR assay for MAT idiomorph revealed that MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 strains were segregating in nearly equal proportions, except within Algeria where two-thirds of the strains were MAT1-2. An allele-specific PCR assay indicated that the 3ADON trichothecene genotype was predominant globally (83.8% 3ADON) and in each of the four countries sampled. In vitro toxin analyses confirmed trichothecene genotype PCR data and demonstrated that most of the strains tested (77%) produced culmorin. Global population genetic structure of 191 strains was assessed using nine microsatellite markers (SSRs). AMOVA of the clone corrected data indicated that 89% of the variation was within populations. Bayesian analysis of the SSR data identified two globally distributed, sympatric populations within which both trichothecene chemotypes and mating types were represented.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de phytopathologie et de biologie moléculaire, Département de botanique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: imane.laraba@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Imane
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laraba
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de phytopathologie et de biologie moléculaire, Département de botanique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Houda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boureghda
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de phytopathologie et de biologie moléculaire, Département de botanique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de phytopathologie et de biologie moléculaire, Département de botanique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Oussama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouaicha
authors.affiliation: Grains Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Friday
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Obanor
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Améndola 122/0, Bari 70126, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Hye-Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005828:Genetics, Population; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol; Culmorin; Mating type; Mycotoxins; Nivalenol; SSR markers