title: Subdural grid and depth electrode monitoring in pediatric patients.
abstract: Invasive electroencephalographic monitoring with implantable subdural electrodes and intraparenchymal depth electrodes has become a basic tenet of epilepsy surgery. Improved localization of epileptic foci justifies the secondary procedure and monitoring period in many patients. Informed use of invasive monitoring in conjunction with imaging and functional studies makes epilepsy surgery a smaller, safer, and more effective endeavor. Herein we review the history, indications, implementation, and foreseeable future of grid, strip, and depth electrode use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skoch
authors.affiliation: Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.
authors.forename: P David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Adelson
authors.affiliation: Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hansel M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rydenhag
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, La Timone Children's Hospital, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scavarda
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.|Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Francesco T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Mangano
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010372:Pediatrics; D013355:Subdural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Electrocorticography; Extraoperative; Monitoring; Neurosurgery; Surgery