title: 2016 Consensus statement on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Hong Kong population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Hong Kong, the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has increased markedly over the past few decades, and further increases are expected. In 2008, the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Task Force released a consensus statement on preventing cardiovascular disease in the Hong Kong population. The present article provides an update on these recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary group of clinicians comprising the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Task Force-10 cardiologists, an endocrinologist, and a family physician-met in September 2014 and June 2015 in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology, and the Eighth Joint National Committee for the Management of High Blood Pressure were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group members reviewed the 2008 Consensus Statement and relevant international guidelines. At the meetings, each topical recommendation of the 2008 Statement was assessed against the pooled recommendations on that topic from the international guidelines. A final recommendation on each topic was generated by consensus after discussion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is recommended that a formal risk scoring system should be used for risk assessment of all adults aged 40 years or older who have at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Individuals can be classified as having a low, moderate, or high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and appropriate interventions selected accordingly. Recommended lifestyle modifications include adopting a healthy eating pattern; maintaining a low body mass index; quitting smoking; and undertaking regular, moderate-intensity physical activity. Pharmacological interventions should be selected as appropriate after lifestyle modification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: B My
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C Ky
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: R Cw
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: D Ws
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: D Hk
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K Lf
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: A Sp
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: B Py
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: V Wt
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D026683:Advisory Committees; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases/prevention & control; Hong Kong