title: The golden proportion in facial soft-tissues of Vietnamese females.
abstract: Objective of the current study was to evaluate proportions of frontal facial soft-tissues of Vietnamese females correspond to the golden proportion (GP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty frontal facial photographs of Vietnamese female students aged 19 years were selected. The selected participants had symmetrical face, a Class I relationship occlusion, complete lip closure, and no history of trauma and orthodontic treatment. The photographic record was set-up with a white backdrop, fill light, a reflector, a camera Canon 650D and subjects were asked to sit in a standard position. Trichion (TR), Temporal soft tissue (TS), Lateral canthus (LC), Lateral nasal (LN), Chilion (CH), and Menton (ME) point were used for photometric measurements on CorelDRAW Graphic X3 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vertical facial proportions (mean, percentage compared with GP) were significantly higher than the GP including: LC-CH:CH-ME (1.661, 102%), LN-ME:LC-LN (1.729, 106%), TR-ME:LC-ME (1.739, 107%), TR-LN:LN-ME (1.759, 108%). Whereas TR-ME:LN-ME; CH-ME:LN-CH; LC-LN:LN-CH had ratios of 84% - 92% and were significantly smaller in comparison with GP. The horizontal facial proportions of CHR-L:LNR-L, LCR-L:CHR-L and TSR-L:LCR-L deviated from the GP with mean values of 1.221, 1.922 and 1.229, respectively. The new mean values of TR-ME:LC-ME (1.733), TR-LN:LN-ME (1.732), LC-ME:TR-LC (1.374), CH-ME:LN-CH (1.524), which were predictable changes in proportions, can be significantly converged to the GP if LC-CH:CH-ME is equal to the GP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soft-tissue facial proportions of Vietnamese females did not correspond to the GP. Changing the lower third face may create harmony vertical facial proportions.
authors.affiliation: Raekojapl 6, Tartu, Estonia. minhson1883@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Minh Son
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Mare
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saag
authors.forename: Van Nho
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Thuy Trang
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Bui Bao Tien
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Triin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jagomägi
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D004954:Esthetics; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010781:Photography; D014744:Vietnam; D055815:Young Adult