title: Caries Experience and Periodontal Status in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of dental caries and the periodontal status of children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to compare them with gender- and age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 156 five- to 18-year-olds, with or without CLP, were examined for dental caries (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth and primary surfaces [DMFT and dmfs, respectively] indices), plaque index (PI), the gingival bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Diagnoses of gingivitis (localized and generalized) and periodontitis (mild, moderate, and advanced) were performed. Characteristics such as gender, age group, cleft type, socioeconomic status, dental occlusion, and the use of orthodontic appliance were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DMFT and dmfs scores were significantly higher in the control group. The PI, BI, and PPD indices were higher in the CLP group. Respectively, in individuals with and without CLP, 49 percent and 75 percent, had good gingival health, 22 percent and 24 percent had localized gingivitis, and 29 percent and one percent had generalized gingivitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that caries experience in both dentitions was higher for CLP patients, and the presence of CLP is a determining factor for higher risk of gingival inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student in Implantology, Blauro Cardoso de Mattos Institute of Higher Education (FASERRA), in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kadyja Assis
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.affiliation: Professor of postgraduate program in Dental Science, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Nogueira
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: PhD student, Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Zanol
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Dentist in private practice, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil;, Email: andreza.aranha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pammela Cris Brandão
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.affiliation: Professor of postgraduate program in Dental Science, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Álvaro Henrique
authors.initials: ÁH
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Professor of postgraduate program in Dental Science, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Evaristo Ricci
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.affiliation: Professor of postgraduate program in Dental Science, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreza Maria Fábio
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aranha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012307:Risk Factors