title: Cyanomargarita gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): convergent evolution resulting in a cryptic genus.
abstract: Two populations of Rivularia-like cyanobacteria were isolated from ecologically distinct and biogeographically distant sites. One population was from an unpolluted stream in the Kola Peninsula of Russia, whereas the other was from a wet wall in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, a desert park-land in Utah. Though both were virtually indistinguishable from Rivularia in field and cultured material, they were both phylogenetically distant from Rivularia and the Rivulariaceae based on both 16S rRNA and rbcLX phylogenies. We here name the new cryptic genus Cyanomargarita gen. nov., with type species C. melechinii sp. nov., and additional species C. calcarea sp. nov. We also name a new family for these taxa, the Cyanomargaritaceae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA.|Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Science, Kirovsk-6, 184230, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8886-6666
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shalygin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Science, Akademgorodok 14a, Apatity, 184209, Russia.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shalygina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA.|Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 945 College Drive, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pietrasiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berrendero Gómez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic.|Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy 129, Hořice, 508 01, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Markéta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohunická
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.|Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic.|Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mareš
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sheil
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012426:Russia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014589:Utah
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 
  Cyanomargarita
  ; 
  Rivularia
  ; 16S rRNA gene phylogeny; 16S-23S ITS; Cyanobacteria; cryptic genus; rbcLX phylogeny