title: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Effects of Type I IFNs on Gliomas.
abstract: The interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with diverse cellular actions such as control of cell proliferation and regulation of immune responses; therefore, they have been extensively studied as antitumor agents for a variety of malignancies, including gliomas. Type I IFNs exert their antitumor effects either directly, by targeting the tumor cells or the tumor stem cells, or indirectly, by regulating the anticancer activities of the immune system. More specifically, IFN-beta and IFN-alpha exhibit antiproliferative effects by p53 induction, CD8+T-lymphocyte and macrophage activation, chemokine secretion, and miR-21 downregulation. In vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence that immunotherapy could have a role in glioma treatment, especially when first-line therapeutic interventions fail to produce durable responses. These effects are more obvious when combining IFN-beta with classical antitumor therapies such as temozolamide, an oral chemotherapeutic, for both newly diagnosed and recurrent gliomas. However, further clinical studies are needed to determine whether IFNs will have a definite place in the management of gliomas.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece .
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Galani
authors.affiliation: 2 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece .
authors.forename: Stamatis S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Papadatos
authors.affiliation: 3 Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece .
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexiou
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras , Patra, Greece .
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galani
authors.affiliation: 3 Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece .|5 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece .
authors.forename: Athanasios P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kyritsis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000068456:Clinical Studies as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007370:Interferon Type I
keywords: gliomas; in vitro preclinical effects; in vivo preclinical effects; type I IFNs; type II IFNs