title: A randomised safety promotion intervention trial among low-income families with toddlers.
abstract: Toddler-aged children are vulnerable to unintentional injuries, especially those in low-income families.
  
  
  
  To examine the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in social cognitive theory (SCT) on the reduction of home safety problems among low-income families with toddlers.
  
  
  
  277 low-income mother-toddler dyads were randomised into a safety promotion intervention (n=91) or an attention-control group (n=186). Mothers in the safety promotion intervention group received an eight-session, group-delivered safety intervention targeting fire prevention, fall prevention, poison control and car seat use, through health education, goal-setting and social support. Data collectors observed participants' homes and completed a nine-item checklist of home safety problems at study enrolment (baseline), 6 and 12 months after baseline. A total score was summed, with high scores indicating more problems. Linear mixed models compared the changes over time in home safety problems between intervention and control groups.
  
  
  
  The intent-to-treat analysis indicated that the safety promotion intervention group significantly reduced safety problems to a greater degree than the attention-control group at the 12-month follow-up (between-group difference in change over time β=-0.54, 95% CI -0.05 to -1.03, p=0.035), with no significant differences at the 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  
  A safety promotion intervention built on principles of SCT has the potential to promote toddlers' home safety environment. Future studies should examine additional strategies to determine whether better penetration/compliance can produce more clinically important improvement in home safety practices.
  
  
  
  NCT02615158; post-results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gielen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Laurence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Magder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Erin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D057207:Child Restraint Systems; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005392:First Aid; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011482:Protective Devices