title: Association between phytosterol intake and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study.
abstract: A study in rodent models showed that phytosterols protected against colon carcinogenesis, probably by inhibiting dysregulated cell cycle progression and inducing cellular apoptosis. However, epidemiological studies on the relationship between phytosterols and colorectal cancer risk are quite limited. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary phytosterol intake in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the Chinese population. A case-control study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2016, recruiting 1802 eligible colorectal cancer cases plus 1813 age (5-year interval) and sex frequency-matched controls. Dietary information was collected by using a validated FFQ. The OR and 95 % CI of colorectal cancer risk were assessed by multivariable logistic regression models. A higher total intake of phytosterols was found to be associated with a 50 % reduction in colorectal cancer risk. After adjusting for various confounders, the OR of the highest quartile intake compared with the lowest quartile intake was 0·50 (95 % CI 0·41, 0·61, P trend<0·01) for total phytosterols. An inverse association was also found between the consumption of β-sitosterol, campesterol, campestanol and colorectal cancer risk. However, stigmasterol intake was related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. No statistically significant association was found between β-sitostanol and colorectal cancer risk. Stratified analysis by sex showed that the positive association of stigmasterol intake with colorectal cancer risk was found only in women. These data indicated that the consumption of total phytosterols, β-sitosterol, campesterol and campestanol is inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Colorectal Surgery,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine,651 Dongfeng Road East,Guangzhou 510060,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min-Shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Colorectal Surgery,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine,651 Dongfeng Road East,Guangzhou 510060,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Zhong
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wu-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cai-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010840:Phytosterols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012855:Sitosterols; C003535:campestanol
keywords: Case–control studies; China; Colorectal cancer risk; Phytosterols