title: Fluoride loaded polymeric nanoparticles for dental delivery.
abstract: The overall aim of the present paper was to develop fluoride loaded nanoparticles based on the biopolymers chitosan, pectin, and alginate, for use in dental delivery. First, the preparation of nanoparticles in the presence of sodium fluoride (NaF) as the active ingredient by ionic gelation was investigated followed by an evaluation of their drug entrapment and release properties. Chitosan formed stable, spherical, and monodisperse nanoparticles in the presence of NaF and tripolyphoshate as the crosslinker, whereas alginate and pectin were not able to form any definite nanostructures in similar conditions. The fluoride loading capacity was found to be 33-113ppm, and the entrapment efficiency 3.6-6.2% for chitosan nanoparticles prepared in 0.2-0.4% (w/w) NaF, respectively. A steady increase in the fluoride release was observed for chitosan nanoparticles prepared in 0.2% NaF both in pH5 and 7 until it reached a maximum at time point 4h and maintained at this level for at least 24h. Similar profiles were observed for formulations prepared in 0.4% NaF; however the fluoride was released at a higher level at pH5. The low concentration, but continuous delivery of fluoride from the chitosan nanoparticles, with possible expedited release in acidic environment, makes these formulations highly promising as dental delivery systems in the protection against caries development.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: s.h.nguyen@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Sanko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sediqi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Gro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smistad
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiorth
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D010368:Pectins; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Alginate; Chitosan; Dental caries; Dental delivery; Fluoride; Nanoparticles; Pectin