title: Efficacy of 10 percent Carbamide Peroxide as an Intracoronal Bleaching Agent in Nonvital Discolored Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the efficacy of 10 percent carbamide peroxide used as an intracoronal bleaching agent in blood-stained primary teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty extracted primary canines were stained using rabbit blood and randomly divided into two groups of 15 teeth each. Stained teeth in the test group were bleached intracoronally using 10 percent carbamide peroxide for 21 days. The bleaching agent was replaced at days seven and 14. The control group was not subjected to bleaching, and a cotton pellet damped with distilled water was placed in the pulp chamber. Shade alteration from the prestaining value was evaluated using a VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer at days zero, seven, 14, and 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All specimens in the test group returned to the initial baseline shade, with no significant differences from the prestaining values (P=0.097). Teeth in the control group did not undergo any shade alteration after staining, with no significant differences noted from the prestaining values (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracoronal bleaching using 10 percent carbamide peroxide is an effective approach for whitening discolored extracted primary teeth.
authors.affiliation: Assistant lecturer, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt;, Email: omeligy@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Miram Abd El Magied
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, and professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mona Abdallah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elkateb
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Niveen Samir
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bakry
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Omar Abd El Sadek
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: El Meligy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects; D057886:Bleaching Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001801:Blood Stains; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003116:Color; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D019237:Tooth Cervix; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000188:drug therapy; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000187:drug effects*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D057886:Bleaching Agents; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea