title: Vaginal vs. robotic hysterectomy for patients with endometrial cancer: A comparison of outcomes and cost of care.
abstract: To compare outcomes and cost for patients with endometrial cancer undergoing vaginal hysterectomy (VH) or robotic hysterectomy (RH), with or without lymphadenectomy (LND).
  
  
  
  Patients undergoing planned VH (and laparoscopic LND) or RH (and robotic LND) between January 2007 and November 2012 were reviewed. Patients with stage IV disease, synchronous cancer, synchronous surgery, or treated with palliative intent were excluded. Patients were objectively triaged to LND per institutional protocol based on frozen section. Outcomes were compared between VH and RH groups matched 1:1 on propensity scores.
  
  
  
  VH was planned in 153 patients; 60 (39%) had concurrent LND while 93 (61%) were low risk and did not require LND. RH was planned in 398 patients; 225 (56%) required concurrent LND and 173 (44%) did not. Among 50 PS-matched pairs without LND, there was no significant difference in complications, length of stay, readmission, or progression free survival. However, median operative time was 1.3h longer and median 30-day cost $3150 higher for RH compared to VH (both p<0.001). Among patients requiring LND, 42 PS-matched pairs were identified. Median operative time was not different when pelvic and para-aortic LND was performed, and 12min longer in the VH group for pelvic LND alone (p=0.03). Median 30-day cost was $921 higher for RH compared to VH when LND was required (p=0.08).
  
  
  
  Utilization of vaginal hysterectomy for endometrial cancer results in similar surgical and oncologic outcomes and lower costs compared to RH and should be considered for appropriate patients with a low risk of requiring LND.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nitschmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Multinu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bakkum-Gamez
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Langstraat
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Occhino
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cliby
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States. Electronic address: dowdy.sean@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dowdy
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cost of care; Endometrial cancer; Minimally invasive surgery; Robotic hysterectomy; Vaginal hysterectomy