title: PM2.5-induced alterations of cell cycle associated gene expression in lung cancer cells and rat lung tissues.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of cell cycle-associated genes induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in lung cancer cell line and tissues. The pulmonary lymph node metastasis cells (H292) were treated with PM2.5in vitro. Wistar rats were used to perform an in vivo study. Rats were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups and those in the experiment group were exposed to PM2.5once every 15 d, while those in the control group were exposed to normal saline. The cell cycle-associated genes expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Trachea and lung tissues of rats were processed for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations. Exposure of H292 cells to PM2.5dramatically increased the expressions of p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) after 24h of exposure (p<0.01) and markedly increased the expressions of the cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) and cyclin B after 48h of exposure (p<0.01), while those genes expressions were significantly reduced after 72h of exposure, at which time the expression of p21 was predominant (p<0.01). In vivo studies further demonstrated these results. The results of SEM suggested that both of the trachea and lung tissues were damaged and the degree of damage was time-dependent. In conclusion, PM2.5can induce significantly alterations of p53 and CDK2 in the early phase, Cdc2 and cyclin B in mid-term and p21 in long-term exposure. The degree of PM2.5-induced damage to the trachea and lung tissue was time-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology, Shenyang Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology, Shenyang Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology, Shenyang Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology, Shenyang Medical College, China. Electronic address: chunlingxiao@sina.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Cell division cycle 2; Cyclin B; Cyclin-dependent kinase 2; PM(2.5); p21; p53