title: An ionic liquid treatment and fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch.
abstract: This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72±1.50% wt., 27.17±1.68% wt. and 16.82±1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869g/mol, 1736g/mol and 2695g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65°C, 236.25°C, and 201.40°C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Safia Syazana
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mohtar
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tengku Nur Zulaikha
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Tengku Malim Busu
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Mujahid
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Md Noor
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norsalliana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shaari
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Material and Separation Technologies (AMSET) Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: hbmat@cheme.utm.my.
authors.forename: Hanapi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mat
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Cellulose; Hemicellulose; Ionic liquids; Lignin; Oil palm empty fruit bunches