title: The role of acetone in the [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects on tissues of mussels, human lymphocytes and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The present study investigated [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects on biological models widely used in toxicological studies. Specifically, mussels of the genus Mytilus, human lymphocytes and fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster, were exposed to [omim][BF4] at concentrations ranging from micro- to milligrams per liter, with or without the presence of acetone as a carrier solvent and thereafter [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects were analyzed appropriately (stress indices, such as lipid peroxidation byproducts, acetylcholinesterase/AChE activity and micronucleus/MN formation frequency, in mussel gills, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus/CBMN assay and SMART test in human lymphocytes and fruit flies respectively). LC-MS-TOF analysis was also performed for elucidating [omim][BF4] mode of action in the presence of the carrier solvent. The results showed the toxic potential of [omim][BF4], as well as acetone's ability to attenuate [omim][BF4]-mediated toxicity in almost all cases, probably due to the significant effect of acetone on the hydrophilic-lipophilic character and the viscosity of [omim][BF4], as well as its interaction and permeability on the cell membranes. The slight involvement of acetone in the attenuation of [omim][BF4]-mediated genotoxic effects on D. melanogaster could be due to species feeding experimental conditions, thus favoring the induction of antioxidant defense system against the [omim][BF4]-mediated effects in all cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsarpali
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goutas
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karyda
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Efthimiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drosopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konstantinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mavragani-Tsipidou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece. Electronic address: sdailianis@upatras.gr.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailianis
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C446740:1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; D000096:Acetone; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: AChE; CBMN assay; MN assay; SMART test; [omim][BF(4)]