title: Expression of Glut-1 in Normal Endometrium and Endometrial Lesions: Analysis of 336 Cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) is a membrane glycoprotein that is, together with other glucose transporters, responsible for the regulation of glucose uptake. An increased expression of this protein seems to be a general feature of several malignant tumors that are able to reprogram their metabolism and switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of Glut-1 expression in 336 endometrial samples, including tumors, nontumor lesions, and normal tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of Glut-1 was found in 87% of endometrioid carcinomas (160/184 cases), 100% of serous carcinomas (29/29 cases), 100% of clear cell carcinomas (17/17 cases), 50% of polyps with atypical hyperplasia (8/16 cases), 12.5% of polyps with non-atypical hyperplasia (3/24 cases), 77% of hyperplasias with atypias (10/13 cases), 9% of hyperplasias without atypias (1/11 cases), 87% of secretory endometrium samples (13/15 cases), and in none of the nonsecretory endometrium samples (0/27 cases). In endometrioid carcinomas, Glut-1 was expressed in a marked geographical pattern. In nontumor lesions, its expression was more common in atypical hyperplasia and polyps with atypical hyperplasia compared with polyps with non-atypical hyperplasia and hyperplasias without atypia ( P = .00032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the high expression of Glut-1 not only in endometrioid carcinomas but also in other carcinomas of endometrium including clear cell and serous types. Glut-1 expression can be used as a surrogate marker in differential diagnosis between hyperplasia with and without atypia. Because of common Glut-1 expression in malignant tumors, therapeutic strategies influencing this protein or its signaling pathways can be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kristýna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Němejcová
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosmusová
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bártů
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.|2 Department of Dermatovenerology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Důra
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tichá
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dundr
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human
keywords: Glut-1; clear cell carcinoma; endometrioid carcinoma; endometrium; hyperplasia; immunohistochemistry; serous carcinoma