title: Osteopontin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4, and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in the Susceptibility and Clinical Severity of Spinal Tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a common and dangerous form of extrapulmonary TB with unclear mechanisms in its occurrence and progression. This study investigated the clinical significances of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), osteopontin (OPN), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism, mRNA and protein expression in spinal TB patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMP-4 and OPN gene polymorphisms were detected by direct DNA sequencing, while VDR-FokI polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP. mRNA and protein expression was measured using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant lower frequency of TT genotype and T allele at 6007C>T polymorphism in BMP-4 gene; higher frequency of GG genotype and G allele at -66T>G polymorphism in OPN gene, and higher frequency of the ff genotype and f allele at the VDR-FokI polymorphism were observed in patients with spinal TB compared to controls. TT genotype of 6007C>T polymorphism correlated with a lower BMP-4 mRNA and protein expression, -66GG genotype correlated with a high OPN mRNA and protein expression, and ff genotype correlated with the lower VDR mRNA and protein levels in the intervertebral disc tissues. The TT genotype and low BMP-4 gene expression; the -66GG genotype and high OPN gene expression; and the ff genotype and low VDR gene expression significantly correlated with the clinical severity of spinal TB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 6007C>T polymorphism of BMP-4, -66T>G polymorphism of OPN, and VDR-FokI polymorphism are the susceptible factors of spinal TB and indicators of the clinical severity. These three genes may collaborate in the development of spinal TB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.|Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Liangyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of sport medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xiongjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014399:Tuberculosis, Spinal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D053495:Osteopontin
keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein-4; Expression; Osteopontin; Polymorphism; Spinal tuberculosis; Vitamin D receptor