title: miR-613 inhibits bladder cancer proliferation and migration through targeting SphK1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing evidence has suggested that microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of miR-613 in bladder cancer was still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of miR-613 and its direct target gene. CCK-8 analysis, qRT-PCR and cell invasion were performed to measure the cell function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that the expression of miR-613 was downregulated in the bladder cancer cell lines. In addition, miR-613 expression was downregulated in the bladder cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Out of 35 bladder cancer tissues, miR-613 was downregulated in 27 cases compared to the adjacent tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-613 suppressed the bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, miR-613 overexpression enhanced the expression of epithelial biomarker, Ecadherin, and suppressed the expression of mesenchymal biomarker, Vimentin, Snail and N-cadherin. Furthermore, we identified the Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) as the direct target gene of miR-613 in the bladder cancer cell. Restoration of Sphk1 partially rescued miR-613-inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, invasion and EMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggested that miR-613 acted a tumor suppressive role in bladder cancer through targeting SphK1 in bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Dapang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rao
keywords: Bladder cancer; SphK1; miR-613; miRNAs; microRNAs