title: Associations of Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostate Carcinoma Tissue Gleason Score, and Androgen Receptor Expression with Bone Metastasis in Patients with Prostate Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is often not diagnosed until advanced disease with bone metastasis. Predictive factors for bone metastasis are required to improve patient outcomes. The study aimed to analyze the factors associated with bone metastases in newly diagnosed patients with PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 80 patients newly diagnosed with PCa by pathological examination between January 2012 and December 2014. Bone metastases were diagnosed by positron emission computed tomography. Clinical data, serological laboratory results, and pathological examination results were collected. RESULTS Among the 80 patients, 45 (56%) had bone metastases. Age, serum alkaline phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PCa tissue Gleason score, androgen receptor (AR) expression, and Ki-67 expression were higher in patients with bone metastasis compared with those without (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that PSA (OR: 1.005; 95%CI: 1.001-1.010; P=0.016), Gleason score (OR: 4.095; 95%CI: 1.592-10.529; P=0.003), and AR expression (OR: 14.023; 95%CI: 3.531-55.6981; P=0.005) were independently associated with bone metastases. Cut-off values for PSA, Gleason score, and AR expression were 67.1 ng/ml (sensitivity: 55.6%; specificity: 97.1%), 7.5 (sensitivity: 75.6%; specificity: 82.9%), and 2.5 (sensitivity: 84.0%; specificity: 91.4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS PSA, Gleason score, and AR expression in PCa tissues were independently associated with PCa bone metastases. These results could help identifying patients with PCa at high risk of bone metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yehui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Runqiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Miaoyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Shijia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Huaxin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Penghui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jinxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xusheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen