title: PVA-PEG physically cross-linked hydrogel film as a wound dressing: experimental design and optimization.
abstract: The development of hydrogel films as wound healing dressings is of a great interest owing to their biological tissue-like nature. Polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) hydrogels loaded with asiaticoside, a standardized rich fraction of Centella asiatica, were successfully developed using the freeze-thaw method. Response surface methodology with Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized and optimized by gel fraction, swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate and mechanical strength. The formulation with 8% PVA, 5% PEG 400 and five consecutive freeze-thaw cycles was selected as the optimized formulation and was further characterized by its drug release, rheological study, morphology, cytotoxicity and microbial studies. The optimized formulation showed more than 90% drug release at 12 hours. The rheological properties exhibited that the formulation has viscoelastic behavior and remains stable upon storage. Cell culture studies confirmed the biocompatible nature of the optimized hydrogel formulation. In the microbial limit tests, the optimized hydrogel showed no microbial growth. The developed optimized PVA/PEG hydrogel using freeze-thaw method was swellable, elastic, safe, and it can be considered as a promising new wound dressing formulation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota , Kuantan , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Afnan Sh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota , Kuantan , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Uttam Kumar
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota , Kuantan , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science , International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota , Kuantan , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Deny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Susanti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota , Kuantan , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Juliana Md
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jaffri
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001458:Bandages; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D014315:Triterpenes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; C000595213:polyethylene glycol 400; C004446:asiaticoside
keywords: Hydrogel film; PVA/PEG; asiaticoside; experimental design; freeze–thaw; wound dressing