title: Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2): Regulatory Roles in Germ Cell Development and Sperm Function.
abstract: Among the numerous families of heat shock protein (HSP) that have been implicated in the regulation of reproductive system development and function, those belonging to the 70 kDa HSP family have emerged as being indispensable for male fertility. In particular, the testis-enriched heat shock 70 kDa protein 2 (HSPA2) has been shown to be critical for the progression of germ cell differentiation during spermatogenesis in the mouse model. Beyond this developmentally important window, mounting evidence has also implicated HSPA2 in the functional transformation of the human sperm cell during their ascent of the female reproductive tract. Specifically, HSPA2 appears to coordinate the remodelling of specialised sperm domains overlying the anterior region of the sperm head compatible with their principle role in oocyte recognition. The fact that levels of the HSPA2 protein in mature spermatozoa tightly correlate with the efficacy of oocyte binding highlight its utility as a powerful prognostic biomarker of male fertility. In this chapter, we consider the unique structural and biochemical characteristics of HSPA2 that enable this heat shock protein to fulfil its prominent roles in orchestrating the morphological differentiation of male germ cells during spermatogenesis as well as their functional transformation during post-testicular sperm maturation.
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Brett.Nixon@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Bromfield
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Jinwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffry N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: De Iuliis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins
keywords: Capacitation; Epididymis; HSPA2; Heat Shock Protein; Molecular Chaperone; Sperm; Testis