title: Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update on international guidelines.
abstract: Imaging is essential for the successful management of patients with or at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). If ultrasound remains the key screening modality, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can play a major role in the characterization and noninvasive diagnosis of nodules in patients at risk of developing HCC. Each technique has succeeded in adapting to the wide histological spectrum of focal liver lesions. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in imaging techniques and evaluation - notably diffusion-weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and liver-specific MRI contrast agents - as well as their addition to international guidelines and reporting systems such as the Liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS).
authors.affiliation: Department of diagnostic and interventional imaging, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, university hospital of Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, 1, avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France. Electronic address: christophe.cassinotto@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassinotto
authors.affiliation: Department of diagnostic and interventional imaging, university hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aubé
authors.affiliation: McGill university health center, department of radiology, McGill university health center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dohan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Cirrhosis; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Noninvasive diagnosis