title: Metabolic adaptation to the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam.-supplemented diet is related to the modulation of gut microbiota in mice.
abstract: The aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (LM-A) is reported to have many health beneficial bioactivities and no obvious toxicity, but have mild adverse effects. Little is known about the mechanism of these reported adverse effects. Notably, there has been no report about the influence of LM-A on intestinal microecology. In this study, animal experiments were performed to explore the relationships between metabolic adaptation to an LM-A-supplemented diet and gut microbiota changes. After 8-week feeding with normal chow diet, the body weight of mice entered a stable period, and one of the group received daily doses of 750-mg/kg body weight LM-A by gavage for 4 weeks (assigned as LM); the other group received the vehicle (assigned as NCD). The liver weight to body weight ratio was enhanced, and the ceca were enlarged in the LM group compared with the NCD group. LM-A-supplemented-diet mice elicited a uniform metabolic adaptation, including slightly influenced fasting glucose and blood lipid profiles, significantly reduced liver triglycerides content, enhanced serum lipopolysaccharide level, activated inflammatory responses in the intestine and liver, compromised gut barrier function, and broken intestinal homeostasis. Many metabolic changes in mice were significantly correlated with altered specific gut bacteria. Changes in Firmicutes, Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, segmented filamentous bacteria, Enterococcus spp., and Sutterella spp. may play an important role in the process of host metabolic adaptation to LM-A administration. Our research provides an explanation of the adverse effects of LM-A administration on normal adult individuals in the perspective of microecology.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|Pu'er Institute of Pu-er Tea, Pu'er Yunnan, 665000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, People's Republic of China. Shengj@ynau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China. hyxiang@jlu.edu.cn.|National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China. hyxiang@jlu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China. hyxiang@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: AMPs; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Inflammatory; Intestinal homeostasis; LPS; Moringa oleifera Lam.; Sutterella; segmented filamentous bacteria