title: The link between perceived characteristics of neighbourhood green spaces and adults' physical activity in UK cities: analysis of the EURO-URHIS 2 Study.
abstract: Urban dwellers represent half the world's population and are increasing worldwide. Their health and behaviours are affected by the built environment and green areas may play a major role in promoting physical activity, thus decreasing the burden of chronic diseases, overweight and inactivity. However, the availability of green areas may not guarantee healthy levels of physical activity among the urban dwellers. It is therefore necessary to study how the perceived characteristics of green areas affect physical activity.
  
  
  
  Data from the EURO-URHIS 2 survey of residents of 13 cities across the UK were analyzed and a multivariable model was created in order to assess the association between their perceptions of the green areas in their neighbourhood and their engagement in physical activity. Results were adjusted for age, gender and other potential confounders.
  
  
  
  Those who felt unable to engage in active recreational activities in their local green spaces were significantly less likely to carry out moderate physical exercise for at least 60 min per week (adjusted OR: 0.50; 95% 0.37-0.68). Availability of green areas within walking distance did not affect engagement in physical activity. Other characteristics such as accessibility and safety may play an important role.
  
  
  
  This study showed that the presence of green space may not itself encourage the necessary preventative health behaviours to tackle physical inactivity in urban populations. Development of more appropriate green spaces may be required. Further research is needed to shed light on the types green spaces that are most effective.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Medical School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Manchester Urban Collaboration on Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.|Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Nardo
authors.affiliation: Manchester Urban Collaboration on Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Manchester Urban Collaboration on Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: Arpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004779:Environment Design; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult