title: Implementing isoniazid preventive therapy in a tuberculosis treatment-experienced cohort on ART.
abstract: Urban clinical research site in Durban, South Africa.
  
  
  
  To describe outcomes associated with the implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in a cohort of tuberculosis (TB) treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  
  
  
  We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected between October 2009 and October 2013 from patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study conducted in Durban, South Africa.
  
  
  
  Of the 402 patients enrolled in the parent study, 344 (85.6%) were eligible for IPT, 212 of whom (61.6%) initiated IPT. Of those who initiated IPT, 184 (86.8%) completed the 6-month course, while 24 (11.3%) permanently discontinued IPT, 3.8% of whom due to side effects. More women than men initiated IPT (n = 130, 61.3% vs. n = 82, 38.7%, P = 0.001). Overall median adherence to IPT was 97.6% (interquartile range 94.2-99.4). There were 22 cases of incident TB in this cohort: 13 occurred before IPT and 9 after (incidence rate ratio 0.67, 95%CI 0.29-1.58, P = 0.362).
  
  
  
  IPT implementation among ART and TB treatment-experienced patients was well tolerated, with good completion rates and fewer TB cases diagnosed after IPT.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Gengiah
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yende-Zuma
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gengiah
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naidoo
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, Medical Research Council-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naidoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid