title: Dioxins degradation and reformation during mechanochemical treatment.
abstract: Mechanochemical dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) on fly ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration was tested with and without additives (CaO and CaO/aluminium powder). The first results disappointed because of obvious PCDD/F-reformation and a second test series was conducted after removing soluble salts (NaCl, KCl …) by thorough two-stage water washing. This second test series was successful and demonstrated good destruction results, especially with combined CaO/aluminium powder as additive. In a third test series salt was again added to the water-washed fly ash, and the first, poor results were largely reconstituted. For all tests a fairly complete (94 out of 136 congeners) isomer-specific analysis was conducted and analysed, allowing to differentiate between, e.g., 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F and congeners formed following the chlorophenol route. The first became more important in the samples series Fly Ash, Milled Fly Ash, milling with added CaO, and milling with CaO/aluminium-addition. The second follow the opposite trend. This isomer-specific analysis will form the basis for further study using Principal Component Analysis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, College of Architecture Engineering, 310018, China.
authors.forename: Qiongjing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: lushy@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buekens
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Shuaixi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000737:chemistry; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000737:chemistry*; D017745:Incineration; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000737:chemistry; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Fly ash; Mechanochemical dechlorination and destruction (MCD); Milling additives; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and –dibenzofurans (PCDF); Water-washing