title: Lebanon's experience in surveillance of communicable diseases during a mass gathering: Sixth Francophone Games, 2009.
abstract: In 2009, Lebanon hosted the 6th Francophone Games. Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 virus presented significant health threat at the time. A surveillance strategy was implemented for the timely detection and management of epidemiological events and outbreaks, in particular for A(H1N1)2009 virus cases. Data were collected and managed daily and feedback was generated through daily bulletins. A total of 299 medical consultations were reported, 29% of which related to infectious diseases. There were 10 cases reported as acute respiratory infections; all tested negative for A(H1N1)2009 virus within 24 hours. Twenty-three cases of gastroenteritis were reported, for which 11 stool cultures were negative. While pandemic A(H1N1)2009 did not interfere with the Games, it was essential to strengthen surveillance and to have timely epidemiological information. This was achieved through preparedness, a multi-disciplinary approach, timely management and coordination.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ammar
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center ? Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghosn
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003441:Crowding; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013177:Sports