title: Centhaquin Effects in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation: Centhaquin and Cardiac Arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Centhaquin citrate is a novel agent being developed for use in the treatment of haemorrhagic shock. The aim of our study was to assess whether the administration of centhaquin would improve initial resuscitation success, 24-hour survival, and neurologic outcome compared with adrenaline alone in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 20 healthy Landrace/Large White piglets. The animals were randomised to receive placebo plus adrenaline 0.02mg/kg (n=10, Group C) and adrenaline 0.02mg/kg plus centhaquin 0.015mg/kg (n=10, Group S). All animals were resuscitated according to the 2010 European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Haemodynamic variables were measured before arrest, during arrest and resuscitation, and during the first two hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Survival and a neurologic alertness score were measured at 24hours after ROSC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was observed in ROSC rate between the two groups, as 10 animals (100%) from Group S and 4 animals (40%) from Group C achieved ROSC (p=0.011). Systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure were significantly higher in Group S at the end of the second cycle of CPR. In our study, all subjects with ROSC survived for 24hours, while we observed no statistically significant differences in neurologic examination (Group C 100±0, Group S 96±12.64; p=0.527).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of centhaquin to adrenaline improved ROSC rates in a swine model of VF cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Postgraduate Study Program (MSc) "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papalexopoulou
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Postgraduate Study Program (MSc) "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece; Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: thanoschalkias@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chalkias
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Postgraduate Study Program (MSc) "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pliatsika
authors.affiliation: ELPEN, Experimental-Research Centre, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Postgraduate Study Program (MSc) "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papapanagiotou
authors.affiliation: University of Ioannina, Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: University of Ioannina, Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnaoutoglou
authors.affiliation: University of Ioannina, Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.affiliation: Chicago College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece; European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xanthos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; C045913:centhaquine; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Centhaquin; Return of spontaneous circulation; Ventricular fibrillation