title: Towards a postponement of activities of daily living dependence and mobility limitations: Trends in healthy life years in old age in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the development of healthy life expectancy from 65 years (HLE65) in Sweden in the period 1980-2011 using the health indicators activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility limitations within the framework of the postponement, compression and expansion theories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sources of data for the HLE computations were Swedish national mortality statistics and the nationwide Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions, conducted biennially by Statistics Sweden since 1974. We used the Sullivan method for calculations of HLE and a decomposition into mortality and disability effects was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Life expectancy at age 65 (LE65) increased by 3.1 years for women and 4.0 years for men from 1980-1985 to 2006-2011. HLE65 calculated according to ADL and mobility limitations increased more rapidly than LE65 for both men and women ( p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results for trends in the Swedish LE65 and HLE65, computed on the basis of ADL and mobility limitations and using the Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions study, are in line with the postponement hypothesis and there is also a tendency for compression. Thus the years with ADL dependence and mobility limitations are postponed to a higher age and the numbers of these years have decreased.
authors.affiliation: 1 Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mårten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagergren
authors.affiliation: 2 Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|3 Stockholm University, Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnell
authors.affiliation: 1 Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.affiliation: 4 Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|5 Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danielsson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Public health; activities of daily living; ageing; healthy life expectancy; life expectancy; mobility disability; monitoring