title: Evaluation of the Content of Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Selenium, Tellurium and Their Inorganic Forms in Commercially Baby Foods.
abstract: Baby foods, from the Spanish market and prepared from meat, fish, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and fruits, were analyzed to obtain the concentration of antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), and tellurium (Te) as toxic elements and selenium (Se) as essential element. An analytical procedure was employed based on atomic fluorescence spectroscopy which allowed to obtain accurate data at low levels of concentration. Values of 14 commercial samples, expressed in nanograms per gram fresh weight, ranged for Sb 0.66-6.9, As 4.5-242, Te 1.35-2.94, Bi 2.18-4.79, and Se 5.4-109. Additionally, speciation studies were performed based on data from a non-chromatographic screening method. It was concluded that tellurium and bismuth were mainly present as inorganic forms and selenium as organic form, and antimony and arsenic species depend on the ingredients of each baby food. Risk assessment considerations were made by comparing dietary intake of the aforementioned elements through the consumption of one baby food portion a day and recommended or tolerable guideline values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-de-Cenzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rochina-Marco
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. m.luisa.cervera@uv.es.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Guardia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000965:Antimony / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D001729:Bismuth / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000074341:Dietary Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning; D013030:Spain; D013691:Tellurium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D000965:Antimony; D012643:Selenium; D001151:Arsenic; D013691:Tellurium; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Dietary intake assessment; Food security; Infant feeding; Toxic elements and micronutrient