title: Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins.
abstract: Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of mycotoxigenic fungi, have been found in almost all agricultural commodities worldwide, causing enormous economic losses in livestock production and severe human health problems. Compared to traditional physical adsorption and chemical reactions, interest in biological detoxification methods that are environmentally sound, safe and highly efficient has seen a significant increase in recent years. However, researchers in this field have been facing tremendous unexpected challenges and are eager to find solutions. This review summarizes and assesses the research strategies and methodologies in each phase of the development of microbiological solutions for mycotoxin mitigation. These include screening of functional microbial consortia from natural samples, isolation and identification of single colonies with biotransformation activity, investigation of the physiological characteristics of isolated strains, identification and assessment of the toxicities of biotransformation products, purification of functional enzymes and the application of mycotoxin decontamination to feed/food production. A full understanding and appropriate application of this tool box should be helpful towards the development of novel microbiological solutions on mycotoxin detoxification.
authors.affiliation: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada. yan.zhu@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada. yousef.hassan@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Yousef I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada. dion.lepp@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Dion
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lepp
authors.affiliation: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada. Suqin.Shao@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Suqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada. ting.zhou@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: biodegradation; biotransformation; detoxification; enzyme; microorganism identification; mycotoxin