title: Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia treated with bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mainly occurs in elderly patients, and is extremely rare in childhood. There is still no established treatment for hypocellular AML. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy with hypocellular AML who was treated successfully with allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). He presented with fever, pallor and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of hypocellular AML. Although low-dose cytarabine induced reduction of blasts, it did not lead to complete remission. He subsequently received myeloablative conditioning and allo-BMT. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included short-course methotrexate and cyclosporine. Neutrophil engraftment (>5 × 108/L) and platelet recovery (>10 × 1010/L) were achieved on days 13 and 27, respectively. He developed acute GVHD of the skin (grade 2), which responded well to treatment with prednisolone. He has remained in complete remission for 5 years since allo-BMT. We consider allo-BMT to be feasible for children with hypocellular AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross, Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
keywords: bone marrow transplantation; childhood; hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia; hypoplastic bone marrow