title: Costs and savings associated with a pharmacists prescribing for minor ailments program in Saskatchewan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health care systems around the world have started to develop pharmacists prescribing for minor ailments (PPMA) programs. These programs aim to improve the efficiency of care, reduce physician visits, and increase the accessibility to prescription medication (Rx). This study performed an economic impact analysis of the pharmacists prescribing for minor ailments program in Saskatchewan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured costs for the program and the alternative scenario (i.e. no PPMA program) from a public payer and societal perspective, using primary data on pharmacists prescribing consultations in Saskatchewan. Furthermore, we calculated public payer and societal savings, and return on investment ratios for the program, as well as projecting the costs and benefits over the next 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, we found that from a societal perspective, the Saskatchewan PPMA program saved the province approximately $546,832 in 2014, while according to the public payer perspective, the program was only marginally cost-saving in 2014. After 5 years of implementation, from a societal perspective, cumulative cost savings were projected to be $3,482,660, and the return on investment ratio was estimated to be 2.53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that this type of program may prove cost-saving and lead to improved access to the health care system in Canada, especially if savings to society are considered. This type of PPMA program may prove economically feasible and beneficial in many countries considering expanding pharmacists scope of practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaghoubi
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada.
authors.forename: Marwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farag
keywords: Cost analysis; Cost savings; Economic impact; Minor ailments; Pharmacists prescribing; ROI; Societal and public payer perspectives