title: Intracellular delivery of biologic therapeutics by bacterial secretion systems.
abstract: Biologics are a promising new class of drugs based on complex macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, delivery of these macromolecules into the cytoplasm of target cells remains a significant challenge. Here we present one potential solution: bacterial nanomachines that have evolved over millions of years to efficiently deliver proteins and nucleic acids across cell membranes and between cells. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the different bacterial systems capable of direct delivery into the eukaryotic cytoplasm and the medical applications for which they are being investigated, along with a perspective on the future directions of this exciting field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences,Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ,UK.
authors.forename: Barnabas James
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ,UK.
authors.forename: Guy-Bart V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Stan
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences,Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ,UK.
authors.forename: Karen Marie
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Polizzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D001688:Biological Products; D004337:Drug Carriers; D046911:Macromolecular Substances