title: Membrane lipid profiles of coral responded to zinc oxide nanoparticle-induced perturbations on the cellular membrane.
abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnOs) released from popular sunscreens used during marine recreation apparently endanger corals; however, the known biological effects are very limited. Membrane lipids constitute the basic structural element to create cell a dynamic structure according to the circumstance. Nano-specific effects have been shown to mechanically perturb the physical state of the lipid membrane, and the cells accommodating the actions of nZnOs can be involved in the alteration of the membrane lipid composition. To gain insight into the effects of nanoparticles on coral, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) profiling of the coral Seriatopora caliendrum exposed to nZnOs was performed in this study. Increasing lyso-GPCs, docosapentaenoic acid-possessing GPCs and docosahexaenoic acid-possessing GPCs and decreasing arachidonic acid-possessing GPCs were the predominant changes responded to nZnO exposure in the coral. A backfilling of polyunsaturated plasmanylcholines was observed in the coral exposed to nZnO levels over a threshold. These changes can be logically interpreted as an accommodation to nZnOs-induced mechanical disturbances in the cellular membrane based on the biophysical properties of the lipids. Moreover, the coral demonstrated a difference in the changes in lipid profiles between intra-colonial functionally differentiated polyps, indicating an initial membrane composition-dependent response. Based on the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of these changed lipids, some chronic biological effects can be incubated once the coral receives long-term exposure to nZnOs.
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan. Electronic address: chtang@nmmba.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Chuan-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center of General Education, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: whw@mail.nsysu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsien
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013624:Taiwan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Chronic effect; Electrostatic interaction; Molecular toxicity; Personal care products; Phospholipid