title: Microbiological, lipid and immunological profiles in children with gingivitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, systemic inflammatory mediators and lipid profiles in type 1 diabetes children (DM) with those observed in children without diabetes (NDM), both with gingivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four DM children and twenty-seven NDM controls were evaluated. The periodontal status, glycemic and lipid profiles were determined for both groups. Subgingival samples of periodontal sites were collected to determine the prevalence of periodontal microorganisms by PCR. Blood samples were collected for IL-1-β, TNF-α and IL-6 analysis using ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periodontal conditions of DM and NDM patients were similar, without statistical differences in periodontal indices. When considering patients with gingivitis, all lipid parameters evaluated were highest in the DM group; Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga ochracea were more prevalent in the periodontal sites of DM children. "Red complex" bacteria were detected in few sites of DM and NDM groups. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Campylobacter rectus were frequently found in both groups. Similar levels of IL-1-β, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected in DM and NDM children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical and immunological profiles are similar between DM and NDM children. The presence of Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga ochracea were associated with gingivitis in DM children.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Campinas, Faculdade de odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariana Ferreira Dib
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: João
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Alessandra da Cruz Galhardo
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gláucia Schuindt
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thamiris Santana
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rebeca de Souza
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Campinas, Faculdade de odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flávia Sammartino
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Natália Helena
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Campinas, Faculdade de odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Natália Leal
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Vizoto
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Campinas, Faculdade de odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata de Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Mattos-Graner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002206:Capnocytophaga / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000382:microbiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002784:Cholesterol