title: Expression and prognostic significance of MYL9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) is necessary for cytoskeletal dynamics and experimental metastasis, but its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been addressed. We investigated the expression pattern and clinical significance of MYL9 in patients with ESCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined MYL9 expression using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting in NE1 immortalized esophageal epithelial cells, ESCC cell lines, and paired ESCC tissues. MYL9 protein in 136 primary ESCC tissues and other types of solid tumor was detected using immunohistochemistry. The association between MYL9 expression and clinical parameters and survival was evaluated by statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MYL9 was significantly upregulated in the ESCC cell lines as compared with NE1 cells. In the paired ESCC samples, MYL9 mRNA and protein expression was not significantly different between lesion tissues and the matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. In ESCC tissue, both intratumoral and peritumoral stroma were positive for MYL9. In the 136 ESCC samples, high MYL9 expression in the tumor cells significantly correlated with histological differentiation (p = 0.028), recurrence (p = 0.01), and vital status (p < 0.01). Patients with high MYL9 expression in the tumor cells had poorer overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that high MYL9 expression in tumor cells was an independent and significant risk factor affecting OS after curative treatment (hazard ratio = 2.254, 95% confidence interval = 1.347-3.771, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MYL9 expression might be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target in ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.|Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-4820
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xing-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Rong-Zhen
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhe-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000595893:MYL9 protein, human; D018994:Myosin Light Chains