title: Chemical and mechanical modulation of polymeric micelle assembly.
abstract: Recently, polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic polymers have been studied for various industrial and biomedical applications. This nanoparticle self-assembly typically occurs in a solvent-exchange process. In this process, the quality of the resulting particles is uncontrollably mediated by polymeric solubility and mixing conditions. Here, we hypothesized that improving the solubility of an amphiphilic polymer in an organic solvent via chemical modification while controlling the mixing rate of organic and aqueous phases would enhance control over particle morphology and size. We examined this hypothesis by synthesizing a poly(2-hydroxyethyl)aspartamide (PHEA) grafted with controlled numbers of octadecyl (C18) chains and oligovaline groups (termed "oligovaline-PHEA-C18"). The mixing rate of DMF and water was controlled either by microfluidic mixing of laminar DMF and water flows or through turbulent bulk mixing. Interestingly, oligovaline-PHEA-C18exhibited an increased solubility in DMF compared with PHEA-C18, as demonstrated by an increase of mixing energy. In addition, increasing the mixing rate between water and DMF using the microfluidic mixer resulted in a decrease of the diameter of the resulting polymeric micelles, as compared with the particles formed from a bulk mixing process. Overall, these findings will expand the parameter space available to control particle self-assembly while also serving to improve existing nanoparticle processing techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801 USA. hjkong06@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Whittenberg
authors.forename: Jiayu
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authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Vivek
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authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jinrong
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authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Insil
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authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Evangelos
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authors.lastname: Liamas
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schieferstein
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Zhenyu Jason
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paul J A
authors.initials: PJA
authors.lastname: Kenis
authors.forename: Il Won
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunjoon
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authors.lastname: Kong