title: Angry faces are tracked more easily than neutral faces during multiple identity tracking.
abstract: We investigated whether and how emotional facial expressions affect sustained attention in face tracking. In a multiple-identity and object tracking paradigm, participants tracked multiple target faces that continuously moved around together with several distractor faces, and subsequently reported where each target face had moved to. The emotional expression (angry, happy, and neutral) of the target and distractor faces was manipulated. Tracking performance was better when the target faces were angry rather than neutral, whereas angry distractor faces did not affect tracking. The effect persisted when the angry faces were presented upside-down and when surface features of the faces were irrelevant to the ongoing task. There was only suggestive and weak evidence for a facilitatory effect of happy targets and a distraction effect of happy distractors in comparison to neutral faces. The results show that angry expressions on the target faces can facilitate sustained attention on the targets via increased vigilance, yet this effect likely depends on both emotional information and visual features of the angry faces.
authors.affiliation: a Section of Applied Psychology , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: b Department of Behavioral Sciences , National Defence University , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oksama
authors.affiliation: c Turku PET Centre , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland.|d Department of Psychology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nummenmaa
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyönä
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D001288:Attention; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Multiple-identity tracking; attention; emotion; facial expression