title: [A machine learning model using gut microbiome data for predicting changes of trimethylamine-N-oxide in healthy volunteers after choline consumption].
abstract: To establish a machine learning model based on gut microbiota for predicting the level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism in vivo after choline intake to provide guidance of individualized precision diet and evidence for screening population at high risks of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  
  We quantified plasma levels of TMAO in 18 healthy volunteers before and 8 h after a choline challenge (ingestion of two boiled eggs). The volunteers were divided into two groups with increased or decreased TMAO level following choline challenge. Fresh fecal samples were collected before taking fasting blood samples for amplifying 16S rRNA V4 tags, and the PCR products were sequenced using the platform of Illumina HiSeq 2000. The differences in gut microbiata between subjects with increased and decreased plasma TMAO were analyzed using QIIME. Based on the gut microbiota data and TMAO levels in the two groups, the prediction model was established using the machine learning random forest algorithm, and the validity of the model was tested using a verified dataset.
  
  
  
  An obvious difference was found in beta diversity of the gut microbota between the subjects with increased and decreased plasma TMAO level following choline challenge. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 86.39% (95% CI: 72.7%-100%). Using the verified dataset, the model showed a much higher probability for correctly predicting TMAO variation following choline challenge.
  
  
  
  The model is feasible and reliable for predicting the level of TMAO metabolism in vivo based on gut microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail: goodlujunqi@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Qi
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hua-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004531:Eggs; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008744:Methylamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010087:Oxides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
chemical_list: D008744:Methylamines; D010087:Oxides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C005855:trimethyloxamine; D002794:Choline