title: A novel classification of prostate specific antigen (PSA) biosensors based on transducing elements.
abstract: During the last few decades, there has been a tremendous rise in the number of research studies dedicated towards the development of diagnostic tools based on bio-sensing technology for the early detection of various diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), many types of cancer, diabetes mellitus (DM) and many infectious diseases. Many breakthroughs have been developed in the areas of improving specificity, selectivity and repeatability of the biosensor devices. Innovations in the interdisciplinary areas like biotechnology, genetics, organic electronics and nanotechnology also had a great positive impact on the growth of bio-sensing technology. As a product of these improvements, fast and consistent sensing policies have been productively created for precise and ultrasensitive biomarker-based disease diagnostics. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely considered as an important biomarker used for diagnosing prostate cancer. There have been many publications based on various biosensors used for PSA detection, but a limited review was available for the classification of these biosensors used for the detection of PSA. This review highlights the various biosensors used for PSA detection and proposes a novel classification for PSA biosensors based on the transducer type used. We also highlight the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of each technique used for PSA biosensing which will make this article a complete reference tool for the future researches in PSA biosensing.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Electronic address: animansoor@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: Mansoor Ani
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Najeeb
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
authors.forename: Zubair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Electronic address: shakoor@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shakoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, 43721 Suez, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M A
authors.initials: AMA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kahraman
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036103:Nanotechnology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Biosensor; PSA; Prostate cancer