title: Association Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Glaucoma in Women.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine whether serum vitamin D level is lower in female patients with glaucoma as compared with control group. The mechanism by which vitamin D reduces intraocular pressure is not fully clarified. Almost all tissues possess vitamin D receptor (VDR). The mice lacking VDR (VDR knockout mice) have greatly contributed to the understanding of the general vitamin D physiologic function. VDR has been found in some ganglion layer cells, external and internal nuclear layers of retina, and in retinal pigment epithelium, while VDR epitopes have also been found in the ciliary body epithelium, pointing to the role of this protein in eye physiology. The 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates expression of the genes involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure in non-human primates. Extracellular matrix can be remodeled by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Actin disruption can lead to cell morphology alteration, trabecular meshwork relaxation and intraocular pressure reduction. This observational cross-sectional study included 90 female glaucoma subjects aged 45-55 and 50 glaucoma free female subjects as control group. Results of a pilot study conducted in 20 glaucoma subjects and 20 control subjects are presented below. All study subjects underwent history taking, complete ophthalmologic examination and serum vitamin D determination. The mean serum vitamin D level was 32.31 nmol/L in glaucoma patients and 64.17 nmol/L in control subjects. Serum vitamin D level was statistically significantly lower in glaucoma patients as compared with control group (p<0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Dr Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
authors.forename: Željka
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Vuković Arar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia; Teaching Unit of the School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knežević Praveček
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia; Teaching Unit of the School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
authors.forename: Blaženka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miškić
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vatavuk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
authors.forename: Jadranka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vuković Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Dr Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekelj
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012737:Sex Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Glaucoma; Intraocular pressure; Vitamin D; Receptors, calcitriol