title: Increased Carbohydrate Intake is Associated with Poorer Performance in Verbal Memory and Attention in an APOE Genotype-Dependent Manner.
abstract: Evidence suggests that a diet low in carbohydrates can impact on cognitive performance among those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of data assessing this relationship among cognitively normal (CN) older adults at increased future risk of developing AD due to carriage of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele. We assessed the cross-sectional association between carbohydrate intake, cognitive performance, and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) load in CN older adults, genotyped for APOEɛ4 allele carrier status. Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with poorer performance in verbal memory in APOEɛ4 allele non-carriers, and poorer performance in attention in APOEɛ4 allele carriers. There were no associations between carbohydrate intake and cerebral Aβ load. These results provide support to the idea that decreasing carbohydrate intake may offer neurocognitive benefits, with specific cognitive domains affected in an APOE genotype-dependent manner. These findings warrant further investigation utilizing a longitudinal study design.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gardener
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rainey-Smith
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Hamid R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinborn
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verdile
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: W M A D Binosha
authors.initials: WMADB
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Yen Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.|Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Karra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Computational Informatics, Preventative Health Flagship, Floreat, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burnham
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Colin L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CMSE Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Macaulay
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.affiliation: National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.|Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.affiliation: CogState, Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maruff
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ralph N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: Amyloid load; PiB PET; apolipoprotein E; attention; carbohydrates; cognition; verbal memory