title: Spectrum of Immune-Related Conditions Associated with Risk of Keratinocyte Cancers among Elderly Adults in the United States.
abstract: Background:Elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk is present with several immune-related conditions, e.g., solid organ transplantation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because many immune-related conditions are rare, their relationships with keratinocyte carcinoma have not been studied.Methods:We used Medicare claims to identify cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases in 2012, and controls matched on sex and age. All subjects were aged 65 to 95 years, of white race, and had attended ≥1 dermatologist visit in 2010-2011. Immune-related conditions were identified during 1999-2011 using Medicare claims. Associations were estimated with logistic regression, with statistical significance determined after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.Results:We included 258,683 SCC and 304,903 BCC cases. Of 47 immune-related conditions, 21 and 9 were associated with increased SCC and BCC risk, respectively. We identified strongly elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk with solid organ transplantation (SCC OR = 5.35; BCC OR = 1.94) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SCC OR = 1.62; BCC OR = 1.25). We identified associations with common conditions, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis [SCC OR = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-1.09] and Crohn's disease (SCC OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.27-1.39; BCC OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.05-1.15), and rare or poorly characterized conditions, e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis (SCC OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.61-2.19), autoimmune hepatitis (SCC OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.52-2.16), and deficiency of humoral immunity (SCC OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.41-1.61; BCC OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.14-1.31). Most conditions were more positively associated with SCC than BCC. Associations were generally consistent regardless of prior keratinocyte carcinoma history.Conclusions:Many immune-related conditions are associated with elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk and appear more tightly linked to SCC.Impact:Immunosuppression or immunosuppressive treatment may increase keratinocyte carcinoma risk, particularly SCC.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 998-1007. ©2017 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. yanike@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Yanik
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: D Michal
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cahoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Sarah T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Arron
authors.affiliation: Information Management Services Inc., Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaloux
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: M Kari
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Priyadharsini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Engels
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D014481:United States