title: Multiple-Color-Generating Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2Thin-Film Solar Cells via Dichroic Film Incorporation for Power-Generating Window Applications.
abstract: There are four prerequisites when applying all types of thin-film solar cells to power-generating window photovoltaics (PVs): high power-generation efficiency, longevity and high durability, semitransparency or partial-light transmittance, and colorful and aesthetic value. Solid-type thin-film Cu(In,Ga)S2(CIGS) or Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2(CIGSSe) PVs nearly meet the first two criteria, making them promising candidates for power-generating window applications if they can transmit light to some degree and generate color with good aesthetic value. In this study, the mechanical scribing process removes 10% of the window CIGSSe thin-film solar cell with vacant line patterns to provide a partial-light-transmitting CIGSSe PV module to meet the third requirement. The last concept of creating distinct colors could be met by the addition of reflectance colors of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) dichroic film on the black part of a partial-light-transmitting CIGSSe PV module. Beautiful violets and blues were created on the cover glass of a black CIGSSe PV module via the addition of 1D PC blue-mirror-yellow-pass dichroic film to improve the aesthetic value of the outside appearance. As a general result from the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and absorption of CIGSSe PVs below a wavelength of 400 nm, the harvesting efficiency and short-circuit photocurrent of CIGSSe PVs were reduced by only ∼10% without reducing the open-circuit voltage (VOC) because of the reduced overlap between the absorption spectrum of CIGSSe PV and the reflectance spectrum of the 1D PC blue-mirror-yellow-pass dichroic film. The combined technology of partial-vacancy-scribed CIGSSe PV modules and blue 1D PC dichroic film can provide a simple strategy to be applied to violet/blue power-generating window applications, as such a strategy can improve the transparency and aesthetic value without significantly sacrificing the harvesting efficiency of the CIGSSe PV modules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gang Yeol
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.|Green School, Korea University , Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.|Korea University of Science and Technology , 176 Gajeong-dong, 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Van Ben
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.|Green School, Korea University , Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Soon
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.|Korea University of Science and Technology , 176 Gajeong-dong, 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Jeong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-1758
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.|Green School, Korea University , Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea.|Korea University of Science and Technology , 176 Gajeong-dong, 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Koun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Rag
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0580-4628
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Do
keywords: CIGS solar cell; blue-mirror−yellow-pass dichroic film; building-integrated photovoltaics; one-dimensional photonic crystal dichroic film; power-generating window applications