title: Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia Without Comorbidities Predicts Cardiometabolic Diseases: Five-Year Japanese Cohort Study.
abstract: Whether asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the absence of comorbidities increases the risk for cardiometabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease remains controversial. This study was conducted to clarify the association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and cardiometabolic conditions. Subjects consisting of Japanese adults between 30 and 85 years of age were enrolled in the study at Center for Preventive Medicine, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, and were available at enrollment (2004) and at 5-year follow-up (2009). Subjects were excluded if they were overweight or obese, hypertensive, diabetic, and dyslipidemic, had a history of gout or hyperuricemia on medications, or had chronic kidney disease as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between hyperuricemia and development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and overweight/obesity (unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking habits, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, and body mass index). Five thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine subjects without comorbidities (mean age of 47±10 years, 1864 men) were followed for 5 years. Hyperuricemia (defined as >7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women) was associated with increased cumulative incidence of hypertension (14.9% versus 6.1%;P<0.001), dyslipidemia (23.1% versus 15.5%;P<0.001), chronic kidney disease (19.0% versus 10.7%;P<0.001), and overweight/obesity (8.9% versus 3.0%;P<0.001), while diabetes mellitus (1.7% versus 0.9%;P=0.087) showed a trend but did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, asymptomatic hyperuricemia carries a significant risk for developing cardiometabolic conditions in Japanese individual without comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.). kuwamasa728@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hisatome
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Roncal-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andres-Hernando
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bjornstad
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Milagres
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lanaspa
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.K., C.A.R.-J., A.A.-H., P.B., T.J., Y.S., T.M., G.G., M.A.L., R.J.J.); Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., M.O.); Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.K., K.N.); Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Japan (I.H.); Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (T.N.); and Children's Hospital Colorado and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora (P.B.).
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: asymptomatic hyperuricemia; cardiovascular disease risk factors; epidemiology; hypertension; uric acid