title: Vibrational spectroscopic techniques to assess bone quality.
abstract: Although musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis are diagnosed and treatment outcome is evaluated based mainly on routine clinical outcomes of bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and biochemical markers, it is recognized that these two indicators, as valuable as they have proven to be in the everyday clinical practice, do not fully account for manifested bone strength. Thus, the term bone quality was introduced, to complement considerations based on bone turnover rates and BMD. Bone quality is an "umbrella" term that incorporates the structural and material/compositional characteristics of bone tissue. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) and imaging (FTIRI), and Raman spectroscopy, are suitable analytical tools for the determination of bone quality as they provide simultaneous, quantitative, and qualitative information on all main bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, tissue water), in a spatially resolved manner. Moreover, the results of such analyses may be readily combined with the outcomes of other techniques such as histology/histomorphometry, small angle X-ray scattering, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, and nanoindentation.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria. eleftherios.paschalis@osteologie.at.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Paschalis
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gamsjaeger
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klaushofer
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002254:Carbonates / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003460:Crystallization; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D008055:Lipids; D011509:Proteoglycans; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Bone; Fracture; Osteoporosis