title: Species Abundance and Identification of Forensically Important Flies of Saudi Arabia by DNA Barcoding.
abstract: Because they may demonstrate characteristics of the environment where a body has been laying prior to the discovery, flies are insects of forensic interest. We investigated the fly abundance and the effect of location in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on fly species diversity that attack decomposing human and animal remains. Using baited traps deployed in each location, we collected 3,697 flies of seven species belonging to three families. Chrysomya albiceps Wiedmann represented 60.86% of the collected flies, whereas Musca domestica L. represented 25.8%; the other species made up < 6% each. To facilitate species identification by DNA barcoding, we sequenced a 710-bp "Folmer region" of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for 22 samples from collection sites distributed through entire Saudi Arabia. The COI sequences from Musca albina Wiedmann, Musca lucidula Loew, Musca calleva Walker, Musca sorbens Wiedmann, and Physiphora alceae Preyssler were obtained for the first time. This primary study indicates that even when Folmer primers were widely used in DNA barcoding, the Folmer's region is not adequate when discriminating between Musca species, and sequencing the whole COI or other genes is required for forensic purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.|Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mashaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Reem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alajmi
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.|Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd El-Zaher
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO. Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rady
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.|Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alkhedir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058448:Biota; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D004175:Diptera / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011156:Population Density; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Chrysomya; DNA barcoding; Musca; Physiphora; Saudi Arabia