title: Assessment of chemotherapy response in non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the neck utilizing diffusion kurtosis imaging: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the utility of non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for assessment of chemotherapy response in patients with cervical (neck) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with cervical NHL underwent 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging with maximal b value of 2000 s/mm2 at baseline and seven days after chemotherapy onset. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and diffusion kurtosis imaging maps for diffusion coefficient (D) and kurtosis (K) were calculated. Based on clinical examination, laboratory screening, and PET/CTs, patients were classified as responders or nonresponders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Among them, 24 patients were classified as responders and two as nonresponders. For responders, mean follow-up ADC and D increased significantly compared with baseline (ADC: 0.92±0.11 ×10-3 mm2/s vs. 0.68±0.11 ×10-3 mm2/s; D: 1.47±0.32 ×10-3 mm2/s vs. 0.98±0.21 ×10-3 mm2/s, P < 0.001 for both). Mean follow-up K decreased significantly compared with baseline (1.14±0.10 vs. 1.47±0.19, P < 0.001) for responders. Dratio showed significant positive correlation and high agreement with ADCratio (r = 0.776, P < 0.001). Likewise, Kratio showed significant negative correlation and high agreement with ADCratio (r = -0.658, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new DKI model may serve as a new biomarker for the evaluation of early chemotherapy response in NHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. ghx_rj@163.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shi Teng
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Lian Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qiu Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hong Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jian Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological