title: Biological synthesis of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles by Glycyrrhiza uralensis and in vitro applications.
abstract: The current study highlights the rapid biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Gu-AuNps) and silver chloride nanoparticles (Gu-AgClNps) by aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, a medicinal plant. G. uralensis has been reported for anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. The reduction of chloroauric acid and silver nitrate by the Glycyrrhiza root extract prompted the formation of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps within 4 and 40 min at 80 °C, respectively. The complete reaction did not require supplemental reducing and stabilizing agents, which demonstrated green synthesis. Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) revealed the spherical shape of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed face-centred cubic structure of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps with average crystallite size 12.25 nm and 8.01 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized Gu-AgClNps served as competent antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Additionally, Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps were analyzed for their catalytic ability to reduce methylene blue as model test pollutant. Likewise, both nanoparticles possessed free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH). Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity in murine macrophage (RAW264.7) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cells were evaluated. Thus, the study proposes a green synthesis of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps by G. uralensis extract and in vitro biological applications. [Formula: see text].
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soshnikova
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongpyo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Josua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungeun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castro-Aceituno
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathiyalagan
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chokkalingam
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwi-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.|b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D029882:Glycyrrhiza uralensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018030:Silver Compounds; D006046:Gold; C037548:silver chloride
keywords: Glycyrrhiza uralensis; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; catalytic activity; gold nanoparticles; silver chloride nanoparticles