title: Controlling Abnormal Joint Movement Inhibits Response of Osteophyte Formation.
abstract: Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is induced by accumulated mechanical stress to joints; however, little has been reported regarding the cause among detailed mechanical stress on cartilage degeneration. This study investigated the influence of the control of abnormal joint movement induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the articular cartilage. Design The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups: CAJM group ( n = 22: controlling abnormal joint movement), ACL-T group ( n = 22: ACL transection or knee anterior instability increased), and INTACT group ( n = 12: no surgery). After 2 and 4 weeks, the knees were harvested for digital microscopic observation, soft X-ray analysis, histological analysis, and synovial membrane molecular evaluation. Results The 4-week OARSI scores showed that cartilage degeneration was significantly inhibited in the CAJM group as compared with the ACL-T group ( P < 0.001). At 4 weeks, the osteophyte formation had also significantly increased in the ACL-T group ( P < 0.001). These results reflected the microscopic scoring and soft X-ray analysis findings at 4 weeks. Real-time synovial membrane polymerase chain reaction analysis for evaluation of the osteophyte formation-associated factors showed that the mRNA expression of BMP-2 and VEGF in the ACL-T group had significantly increased after 2 weeks. Conclusions Typically, abnormal mechanical stress induces osteophyte formation; however, our results demonstrated that CAJM group inhibited osteophyte formation. Therefore, controlling abnormal joint movement may be a beneficial precautionary measure for OA progression in the future.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.|2 Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokubun
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Health and Social Services, Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanemura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
keywords: animal model; articular cartilage; osteoarthritis; osteophyte