title: Co-liquefaction of mixed culture microalgal strains under sub-critical water conditions.
abstract: We report the co-liquefaction performance of unicellular, red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Galdieria sulphuraria under sub-critical water conditions within a stainless-steel batch reactor under different temperatures (150-300°C), residence time (15-60min), and Cyanidioschyzon merolae to Galdieria sulphuraria mass loading (0-100%). Individual liquefaction of C. merolae and G. sulphuraria at 300°C achieved maximum biocrude oil yield of 18.9 and 14.0%, respectively. The yield of biocrude oil increased to 25.5%, suggesting a positive synergistic effect during the co-liquefaction of 80-20mass loading of C. merolae to G. sulphuraria. The biocrude oils were analyzed by FT-ICR MS which showed that co-liquefaction did not significantly affect the distribution of product compounds compared to individual oils. The co-liquefied biocrude and biochar have a higher-heating-value of 35.28 and 7.96MJ/kg. Ultimate and proximate analysis were performed on algae biomass, biocrude and biochar.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Kodanda Phani Raj
authors.initials: KPR
authors.lastname: Dandamudi
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Tapaswy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muppaneni
authors.affiliation: Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Nilusha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sudasinghe
authors.affiliation: Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
authors.forename: Tanner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.affiliation: Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
authors.forename: F Omar
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Holguin
authors.affiliation: School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Electronic address: shuguang.deng@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D058086:Microalgae; D009821:Oils; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D009821:Oils; D014867:Water
keywords: Co-liquefaction; FT-ICR MS; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Microalgae; Synergistic effect