title: [Spanish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ARMS-scale for measuring medication adherence in polypathological patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Translate the ARMS scale into Spanish ensuring cross-cultural equivalence for measuring medication adherence in polypathological patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and pilot testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  (i)Forward and blind-back translations followed by cross-cultural adaptation through qualitative methodology to ensure conceptual, semantic and content equivalence between the original scale and the Spanish version. (ii)Pilot testing in non-institutionalized polypathological patients to assess the instrument for clarity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Spanish version of the ARMS scale has been obtained. Overall scores from translators involved in forward and blind-back translations were consistent with a low difficulty for assuring conceptual equivalence between both languages. Pilot testing (cognitive debriefing) in a sample of 40 non-institutionalized polypathological patients admitted to an internal medicine department of a secondary hospital showed an excellent clarity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ARMS-e scale is a Spanish-adapted version of the ARMS scale, suitable for measuring adherence in polypathological patients. Its structure enables a multidimensional approach of the lack of adherence allowing the implementation of individualized interventions guided by the barriers detected in every patient.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España. Electronic address: javigbueno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Bueno
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvo-Cidoncha
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sevilla-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Geriatría, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espaulella-Panicot
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Codina-Jané
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Santos-Ramos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D000071069:Multiple Chronic Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057566:Self Report; D014177:Translations
keywords: ARMS scale; Adaptación transcultural; Adherence; Adherencia; Cross-cultural adaptation; Cuestionario ARMS; Multimorbidity; Paciente pluripatológico; Traducción; Translation