title: Lipidomic analysis for carbonyl species derived from fish oil using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Lipid peroxidation gives rise to carbonyl species, some of which are reactive and play a role in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. Oils are ubiquitous sources that can be easily oxidized to generate these compounds under oxidative stress. In this present work, we developed a targeted lipidomic method for the simultaneous determination of thirty-five aldehydes and ketones derived from fish oil, the omega-3 fatty acid-rich source, by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The analytes include highly toxic reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), glyoxal and methylglyoxal, all of which are promising biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. They were formed using in vitro Fe(II)-mediated oxidation, and derivatized using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) for the feasibility of quantitative assay. Before analysis, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to clean samples further. Uniquely different patterns of carbonyl compound generation between omega-3 and 6 fatty acids were observed using this lipidomic approach. The method developed was both validated, and successfully applied to monitor formation of carbonyl species by lipid peroxidation using ten different fish oil products. Hypotheses of correlations between the monitored dataset of analytes and their parent fatty acids were also tested using the Pearson's correlation test. Results indicate our method is a useful analytical tool for lipid peroxidation studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States.
authors.forename: Joon Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
authors.forename: Yue S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States.
authors.forename: Wei-Lun
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States. Electronic address: yu.wang@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000032:analysis; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006037:Glyoxal / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; C045934:4-hydroxy-2-hexenal; C013166:2-nonenal; D006037:Glyoxal; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D000171:Acrolein; C012796:2-butenal
keywords: Carbonyl species; Fish oil; LC–MS/MS; Lipid peroxidation; Lipidomic analysis; Omega-3 fatty acids