title: Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
abstract: Purpose Vasectomy is a commonly used form of male sterilization, and some studies have suggested that it may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, including more aggressive forms of the disease. We investigated the prospective association of vasectomy with prostate cancer in a large European cohort, with a focus on high-grade and advanced-stage tumors, and death due to prostate cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 84,753 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), aged 35 to 79 years, provided information on vasectomy status (15% with vasectomy) at recruitment and were followed for incidence of prostate cancer and death. We estimated the association of vasectomy with prostate cancer risk overall, by tumor subtype, and for death due to prostate cancer, using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results During an average follow-up of 15.4 years, 4,377 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, including 641 who had undergone a vasectomy. Vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.15), and no evidence for heterogeneity in the association was observed by stage of disease or years since vasectomy. There was some evidence of heterogeneity by tumor grade ( P = .02), with an increased risk for low-intermediate grade (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29) but not high-grade prostate cancer (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.07). Vasectomy was not associated with death due to prostate cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.12). Conclusion These findings from a large European prospective study show no elevated risk for overall, high-grade or advanced-stage prostate cancer, or death due to prostate cancer in men who have undergone a vasectomy compared with men who have not.
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jose Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Maria Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Barranco
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Cornago
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Konstantinos K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tsilidis
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.affiliation: Karl Smith Byrne, Hans Lilja, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Timothy J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford; Kay-Tee Khaw, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis and Elio Riboli, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, and Carmen Navarro, Murcia Regional Health Council; Maria Dolores Chirlaque, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia; Jose Maria Castaño, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Larrañaga, Carmen Navarro, and Maria José Sánchez, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid; Antonio Agudo, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Eva Ardanaz, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona; Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco and Maria José Sánchez, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Nerea Larrañaga, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; Hans Lilja, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Anja Olsen and Anne Tjønneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sabine Rohrmann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ionnina, Greece, and Mattias Johansson, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Ruth C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Travis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014659:Vasectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*