title: The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature.
abstract: Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an important biologically active dietary polyphenol, is produced by certain plant species and is a major component of coffee. Reduction in the risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent basic and clinical research studies. This systematic review discusses in vivo animal and human studies of the physiological and biochemical effects of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) on biomarkers of chronic disease. We searched PubMed, Embase, Amed and Scopus using the following search terms: ("chlorogenic acid" OR "green coffee bean extract") AND (human OR animal) (last performed on April 1st, 2015) for relevant literature on the in vivo effects of CGAs in animal and human models, including clinical trials on cardiovascular, metabolic, cancerogenic, neurological and other functions. After exclusion of editorials and letters, uncontrolled observations, duplicate and not relevant publications the remaining 94 studies have been reviewed. The biological properties of CGA in addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have recently been reported. It is postulated that CGA is able to exert pivotal roles on glucose and lipid metabolism regulation and on the related disorders, e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, cancer, and hepatic steatosis. The wide range of potential health benefits of CGA, including its anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity impacts, may provide a non-pharmacological and non-invasive approach for treatment or prevention of some chronic diseases. In this study, the effects of CGAs on different aspects of health by reviewing the related literatures have been discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Frondsbergstr 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9265-927X
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboubeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajik
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Frondsbergstr 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Frondsbergstr 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. paul.enck@uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003069:Coffee; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D059808:Polyphenols; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Chlorogenic acid; Green coffee bean extracts