title: Sexually Transmitted Infections - Prevalence, Knowledge and Behaviours among Professional Defence Forces in Estonia: a Pilot Study.
abstract: Our study assessed sexually transmitted infections (STI) occurrence and risk behaviours from a sample of the defence forces of Estonia. Previous research on military personnel yields various results on the prevalence of STIs and high risk behaviours. The increasing recognition of high risk behaviours among military personnel is evident given increased programmes that focus on education of drug use and risky sexual behaviours. Many militaries conduct routine, periodic screening for diseases such as HIV and viral hepatitis at entry and pre-foreign deployment. Protecting deployed forces from secondary infections is important as persons with chronic viral infections are living longer, healthier lives and are more frequently serving in military forces.
  
  
  
  A cross sectional study used convenient sampling among professional defence forces. Participation was both voluntary and anonymous.
  
  
  
  Of 186 participants accounting for 7.3% of all forces (86.6% male, mean age 30 years) at selected bases, there were four cases of chlamydia. No cases of gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, or HIV were found. One person reported ever injecting drugs.
  
  
  
  These findings indicate a lower STI occurrence among professional defence forces in Estonia compared with the non-military population. While these rates were lower than expected, as a voluntary study, people suspicious of having an STI might opt not to participate, limiting generalizability to the remainder of the military. Militaries without regular screening programmes could consider regular scheduled testing for STIs, HIV and blood borne pathogens, even if voluntary, especially prior to foreign deployment. Consistent testing would align across many militaries who deploy international peace keepers.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: R. David
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1955-7445
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Drug Abuse Prevention Department, Estonian National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rüütel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: defence forces; military; risk behaviour; screening; sexually transmitted infections