title: A cost-savings analysis of a candidate universal antiretroviral regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite significant strides in tackling HIV/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), many treatment shortcomings remain, with limited drug selection to patients emerging as a critical challenge. The potential cost-savings benefits of adopting newer drugs as near-universal first-line antiretroviral (ARV) regimens that also provide improved clinical outcomes are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the near term, a fixed-dose combination of dolutegravir (DTG or D) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and either lamivudine or emtricitabine (XTC), that is, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/XTC/DTG (TXD) (X = XTC), could represent a near-universal first-line antiretroviral regimen offering significant clinical benefit, commodity savings, and overall health system savings. In the longer term, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) could further reduce the cost of the first-line treatment backbone, with possible clinical benefits. Relative to the current generic standard of care in first-line, currently priced at ∼USD 90 per patient per year (pppy), high-volume production of TXD could lead to price reductions of ∼USD 20 pppy, whereas high-volume production of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/XTC/DTG (TAFXD) could offer a reduction of ∼USD 40 pppy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With TXD in the near term, and TAFXD in the longer term, patients can benefit from better tolerated and more durable treatment, and programs will benefit by simplifying patient care and reducing cost to cover more patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ripin
authors.forename: Vineet R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Prabhu
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D000068679:Emtricitabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000068698:Tenofovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine