title: Hydroxyethyl cellulose matrix applied to serial crystallography.
abstract: Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) allows structures of proteins to be determined at room temperature with minimal radiation damage. A highly viscous matrix acts as a crystal carrier for serial sample loading at a low flow rate that enables the determination of the structure, while requiring consumption of less than 1 mg of the sample. However, a reliable and versatile carrier matrix for a wide variety of protein samples is still elusive. Here we introduce a hydroxyethyl cellulose-matrix carrier, to determine the structure of three proteins. The de novo structure determination of proteinase K from single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) by utilizing the anomalous signal of the praseodymium atom was demonstrated using 3,000 diffraction images.
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan. msuga@spring8.or.jp.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-2767
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.|Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.|Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Changyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mizohata
authors.affiliation: Structural Biology Research Center, KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Joti
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameshima
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatsui
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Makina
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-1684
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nureki
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nango
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.|Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata