title: The death of Sir Victor Horsley (1857-1916) and his burial in Amarah.
abstract: Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley (1857-1916), the pioneering British neurological surgeon, passed away 100 years ago. He died young in his sixtieth year from the effects of heat stroke while serving as consulting military surgeon to the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in Amarah, modern-day Iraq, and was buried in the now largely abandoned "Amara War Cemetery." By the time of his death in 1916, Victor Horsley had established himself as one of the most eminent innovators of modern neurological surgery. His pioneering researches in cerebral physiology earned him an early reputation in the field, and his experiences with vivisection allowed him to confidently operate on the brain and spinal cord at a time when surgical intervention of the nervous system was fraught with uncertainty. Outside the operating theatre, Horsley was a proud advocate for a number of sometimes controversial sociopolitical issues; national temperance, women's suffrage, and medical unionism particularly interested him. He brought the same courageousness to the British army during the First World War, and labored tirelessly under considerable hardships to improve the conditions for soldiers. Otherwise robust and healthy, it was only through great self-denial and overwork that Horsley suddenly succumbed to the burning heat of Mesopotamia. He died as he lived-a fearless and painstaking fighter for the common man. His was a most beautiful life of unselfish devotion to others.
authors.affiliation: a University of Queensland School of Medicine , Brisbane , Australia.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toodayan
mesh_terms: D002048:Burial / Q000266:history*; D004739:England; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007493:Iraq; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000266:history*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000266:history*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D047828:World War I
keywords: Amara War Cemetery; Amarah; First World War; Horsley centenary; Horsley’s burial site; Iraq; Sir Victor Horsley (1857–1916); the death of Sir Victor Horsley