title: A guide to the effects of a large portion of the residues of triosephosphate isomerase on catalysis, stability, druggability, and human disease.
abstract: Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a ubiquitous enzyme, which appeared early in evolution. TIM is responsible for obtaining net ATP from glycolysis and producing an extra pyruvate molecule for each glucose molecule, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is placed in a metabolic crossroad that allows a quick balance of the triose phosphate aldolase produced by glycolysis, and is also linked to lipid metabolism through the alternation of glycerol-3-phosphate and the pentose cycle. TIM is one of the most studied enzymes with more than 199 structures deposited in the PDB. The interest for this enzyme stems from the fact that it is involved in glycolysis, but also in aging, human diseases and metabolism. TIM has been a target in the search for chemical compounds against infectious diseases and is a model to study catalytic features. Until February 2017, 62% of all residues of the protein have been studied by mutagenesis and/or using other approaches. Here, we present a detailed and comprehensive recompilation of the reported effects on TIM catalysis, stability, druggability and human disease produced by each of the amino acids studied, contributing to a better understanding of the properties of this fundamental protein. The information reviewed here shows that the role of the noncatalytic residues depend on their molecular context, the delicate balance between the short and long-range interactions in concerted action determining the properties of the protein. Each protein should be regarded as a unique entity that has evolved to be functional in the organism to which it belongs. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cáncer. Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78290, México.
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6949-5986
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olivares-Illana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0194-2537
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riveros-Rosas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
authors.forename: Nallely
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
authors.forename: Ruy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Montfort
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Puyou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D055162:Biocatalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
keywords: catalysis; druggability; human disease; mutation; stability; triosephosphate isomerase