title: Differential effects of nitric oxide and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on the diameter of porcine retinal vessels with different caliber during hypoxia ex vivo.
abstract: Hypoxia induced relaxation of larger retinal arterioles has been shown to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) products both in vivo and in vitro. However, the involvement of smaller retinal vessels in the response is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of blocking the synthesis of NO and COX on hypoxia induced changes in the diameter of smaller porcine retinal vessels at different branching level.
  
  
  
  Porcine hemiretinas were mounted in a tissue chamber and were constricted with the prostaglandin agonist U46619. Changes in the diameter of arterioles, pre-capillary arterioles and capillaries were studied during hypoxia, in the presence of the COX inhibitor ibuprofen and the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME.
  
  
  
  In the presence of L-NAME hypoxia induced dilatation was significantly smaller in arterioles and capillaries than in precapillary arterioles (p < 0.04), whereas in the presence of ibuprofen the dilatation was significantly smaller in capillaries and pre-capillary arterioles than in arterioles (p < 0.04).
  
  
  
  The mechanisms underlying hypoxia induced dilatation differ among smaller porcine retinal vessels with different caliber ex vivo. This may reflect differences in the responses of retinal vessels to changes in metabolism, and may point to possible targets for pharmacological intervention on the diameter of retinal vessels with different caliber in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. Electronic address: peterskovjensen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skov Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine (Physiology), University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aalkjaer
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Toke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cyclo-oxygenase; Diameter regulation; Ex vivo model; Hypoxia; Nitric oxide; Retinal vessels