title: Salmonella Typhimurium induces cloacitis-like symptomsin zebrafish larvae.
abstract: Pathogenic Salmonella strains have a set of virulence factors allowing them to generate systemic infections and damage in a variety of hosts. Among these factors, bacterial proteins secreted by specialized systems are used to penetrate the host's intestinal mucosa, through the invasion and destruction of specialized epithelial M cells in the intestine. On the other hand, numerous studies have demonstrated that humans, as well as experimental animal hosts, respond to Salmonella infection by activating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, through live cell imaging of S. Typhimurium infection of zebrafish larvae, we showed that besides the intestinal colonization, a deformed cloacae region and a concomitant accumulation of S. Typhimurium cells was observed upon bacterial infection. The swelling led to a persistent inflammation of infected larvae, although the infection was non-lethal. The in vivo inflammation process was confirmed by the co-localization of GFP-tagged S. Typhimurium with mCherry-tagged neutrophils at 72 h post exposition. Our live-cell analyses suggest that Salmonella Typhimurium induce cloacitis-like symptoms in zebrafish larvae.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Macarena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Javiera
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ortíz-Severín
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrés E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Marcoleta
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Díaz-Pascual
authors.affiliation: Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile.
authors.forename: Miguel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Allende
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santiviago
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile. Electronic address: fpchavez@uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Francisco P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chávez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007101:Immersion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D037521:Virulence Factors; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Cloacitis; Danio rerio; Deformed cloacal region; Immune response; Live-cell imaging; Salmonella infection