title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization for portal hypertension with recurrent variceal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization (OSED) are widely used to treat patients with portal hypertension and recurrent variceal bleeding (PHRVB). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness between TIPS and OSED for the treatment of PHRVB.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were retrospectively retrieved from 479 cirrhotic patients (Child-Pugh A or B class) with PHRVB, who had undergone TIPS (TIPS group) or OSED (OSED group) between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 196 patients received TIPS, whereas 283 underwent OSED. Within one month after TIPS and OSED, the rebleeding rates were 6.1% and 3.2%, respectively (P=0.122). Significantly lower incidence of pleural effusion, splenic vein thrombosis, and pulmonary infection, as well as higher hepatic encephalopathy rate, shorter postoperative length of hospital stay, and higher hospital costs were observed in the TIPS group than those in the OSED group. During the follow-up periods (29 months), significantly higher incidences of rebleeding (15.3% vs 4.6%, P=0.001) and hepatic encephalopathy (17.3% vs 3.9%, P=0.001) were observed in the TIPS group than in the OSED group. The incidence of in-stent stenosis was 18.9%. The survival rates were 91.3% in the TIPS group and 95.1% in the OSED group. The long-term liver function did not worsen after either TIPS or OSED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the patients with liver function in the Child-Pugh A or B class, TIPS is not superior over OSED in terms of PHRVB treatment and rebleeding prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. zhaodazhang@yeah.net.
authors.forename: An-Ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Zhao-Da
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo-Le
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Jing-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*