title: A Preliminary Case Report of a High-Quality Cost-effective Rigid Laryngoscopy Setup.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a cost-effective modified rigid laryngoscopy setup with a portable light source and high-resolution commercially available digital camera for use in smaller otolaryngology and family practice clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The modified setup was used to obtain images of the larynx using both a traditional light source and a portable light source. Varying shutter speeds and ISOs were evaluated, and the optimal settings were determined for the modified setup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Picture quality was adequate, and the portable light source was bright enough. ISO from 640 to 1600 with shutter speeds ranging from 1/60 to 1/160 are ideal under the normal light source, while it is better to set the ISO between 4000 and 10 000 with shutter speeds from 1/60 to 1/100 under the portable light source. Picture quality was adequate with a resolution of 2768 pixels × 1848 pixels with 350 dpi × 350 dpi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that the modified setup obtains images of adequate quality for use in the clinic. Additionally, since the larynx requires the most illumination for endoscopic imaging, a similar setup would work for imaging the ear and nose. This setup may make laryngoscopic exams more accessible to patients at smaller laryngoscopy clinics or family practice providers.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital. Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital. Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital. Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China.|2 Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Jack J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D020704:Laryngoscopes / Q000592:standards; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: imaging; laryngology; laryngoscope; low-cost