title: Longitudinal growth of French singleton children born after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Body mass index up to 5 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature presents conflicting results on the epigenetic effect of in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the short-term and mid-term growth of children. These contradictory results may be related to the use of heterogeneous methodologies and non-longitudinal data. The goal of this study was to compare the body mass index (BMI) of children conceived via IVF and spontaneous conception (SC) children, using longitudinal data from birth to 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study compared 118 singleton children born after in vitro fertilization, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), selected from a pre-existing single-center cohort to 320 SC children from the same geographic area. BMI and its evolution were analyzed using the mixed-effect model during three periods: before standing acquisition (from birth to 1 year of age), during standing acquisition, and the following period from 2 to 5 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI means were not significantly different between groups regardless of the period, when adjusting for confounding factors related to parents, pregnancy, and children's characteristics and lifestyle. Nevertheless, during the standing acquisition period, children born after IVF-ICSI presented a less significant decrease in BMI (P<0.05). In addition, for each period we identified influencing factors (maternal BMI, level of wealth indicator) associated with BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the study population, the suspected epigenetic influence of IVF reported in the literature was not observed for BMI from birth to 5 years of age. Further investigations need to be conducted to determine if the suspected influence of IVF on adiposity could be expressed through other parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of public health, chronic diseases and quality of life, research unit EA 3279, Aix-Marseille University, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: meddeb.line@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meddeb
authors.affiliation: Department of public health, chronic diseases and quality of life, research unit EA 3279, Aix-Marseille University, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of public health, Sainte-Marguerite public hospital, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.affiliation: Assisted reproductive technology center unit, Saint-Joseph hospital, 13000 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: Assisted reproductive technology center unit, Saint-Joseph hospital, 13000 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montjean
authors.affiliation: Department of public health, chronic diseases and quality of life, research unit EA 3279, Aix-Marseille University, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devictor
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical research, Saint-Joseph hospital, 13000 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Curel
authors.affiliation: URMITE, UM 63, CNRS 7278-IRD 198, Inserm 1095, service des maladies infectieuses, faculté de médecine, centre de référence des infections ostéo-articulaires (CRIOAC) interrégional sud-méditerranée, hôpital de la conception, Aix-Marseille université, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seng
authors.affiliation: Department of public health, chronic diseases and quality of life, research unit EA 3279, Aix-Marseille University, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambuc
authors.affiliation: Assisted reproductive technology center unit, Saint-Joseph hospital, 13000 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gervoise Boyer
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D056826:Single Embryo Transfer; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
keywords: Body mass index; Children; Croissance; Enfants; Follow-up; Fécondation in vitro; Growth; In vitro fertilization; Indice de masse corporelle; Injection intracytoplasmique de spermatozoïdes; Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; Suivi longitudinal