title: High-Intensity Interval Training, Appetite, and Reward Value of Food in the Obese.
abstract: Studies on the effect of chronic interval training on appetite in the obese population are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 wk of isocaloric programs of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or short-duration HIIT on subjective feelings of appetite, appetite-related hormones, and reward value of food in sedentary obese individuals.
  
  
  
  Forty-six sedentary obese individuals (30 women and 16 men), with a body mass index of 33.3 ± 2.9 kg·m and age of 34.4 ± 8.8 yr, were randomly assigned to one of the three training groups: MICT (n = 14), HIIT (n = 16), or short-duration HIIT (n = 16). Exercise was performed three times per week for 12 wk. Subjective feelings of appetite and plasma levels of acylated ghrelin, polypeptide YY3-36, and glucagon-like peptide 1 were measured before and after a standard breakfast (every 30 min up to 3 h), before and after the exercise intervention. Fat and sweet taste preferences and food reward were measured using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire.
  
  
  
  A significant increase in fasting and postprandial feelings of hunger was observed with the exercise intervention (P = 0.01 and P = 0.048, respectively), but no effect of group and no interaction. No significant effect of exercise intervention, group, or interaction was found on fasting or postprandial subjective feelings of fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption or plasma concentration of acylated ghrelin, polypeptide YY3-36, and glucagon-like peptide 1. No changes in food preference or reward over time, differences between groups, or interactions were found.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that chronic HIIT has no independent effect on appetite or food reward when compared with an isocaloric program of MICT in obese individuals.
authors.affiliation: 1Obesity Research Group at Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; 2Center for Obesity, Department of Surgery, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NORWAY; 3NNF Center for basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK; 4BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM; 5K.G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; 6School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, AUSTRALIA; 7School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UNITED KINGDOM; and 8Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aschehoug
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludviksen
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wisloff
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Bård
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulseng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012201:Reward
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019894:Peptide YY; C061785:peptide YY (3-36); D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1