title: Bisphenol A and phthalates in utero and in childhood: association with child BMI z-score and adiposity.
abstract: To assess the relationship between in utero and concurrent child urinary exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates with BMI z-score, waist circumference, and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in Mexican children.
  
  
  
  Among participants (N=249) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants study, we evaluated associations between maternal third trimester and concurrent urinary BPA and individual and summed phthalates metabolites (∑Di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate), ∑high molecular weight, ∑low molecular weight) with measures of weight status and adiposity in children aged 8-14 years. Linear regressions with specific-gravity corrected and natural log-transformed urinary concentrations were estimated, adjusting for covariates. Effect modification by sex was explored.
  
  
  
  Prenatal urinary exposure to monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was inversely associated with child's BMI z-score (β=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.41, -0.02) and child urinary exposure to mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) was inversely associated with waist circumference (β=-1.85, 95%CI: -3.36, -0.35) and sum of skinfold thicknesses (β=-2.08, 95%CI: -3.80, -0.37) after adjusting for confounders. In the childhood exposure period, sex modified the relationships with BPA, MEHP, MBzP, monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). In girls, increased BPA exposure was positively associated with sum of skinfold thickness (β=3.47, 95%CI: 0.05, 6.40) while increased MEHP was inversely associated with sum of skinfold thicknesses in boys (β=-2.95, 95%CI: -5.08, -0.82); these results remained in sensitivity analyses after excluding children who had initiated pubertal development (Tanner stage >1 for pubic hair). We did not observe relationships between summed phthalates metabolites at any exposure period with outcome measures.
  
  
  
  Our results identified associations between urinary BPA and phthalates metabolites with measures of weight status and adiposity that differed by timing of exposure, sex, and pubertal status. Additional studies are needed to explore how associations may differ between those who are pre- and post-pubertal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tiffany C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: karenep@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Brisa N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoral
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maritsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tellez-Rojo
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008800:Mexico; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000187:drug effects; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Adiposity; Adolescence; BMI; Bisphenol A; Phthalates