title: Neuroprotective Activity of Cerebrosides from Typhonium giganteum by Regulating Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 Signaling Pathways in PC12 Cells.
abstract: An investigation of the potential neuroprotective natural product constituents of the rhizomes of Typhonium giganteum led to the isolation of two new cerebrosides, typhonosides E (1) and F (2), along with 11 known analogues (3-13). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The activity of these compounds against glutamate-induced cell apoptosis was investigated in PC12 cells. All compounds exhibited such activity, which was related to the length of the fatty acyl chain. Among them, longan cerebroside II (11), with the longest fatty acyl chain, showed the most potent protective effect in PC12 cells from glutamate injury, with an EC50value of 2.5 μM. Moreover, at the molecular level, longan cerebroside II (11) downregulated the expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and decreased the level of cytosolic cytochrome c in a concentration-dependent manner.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jun-Ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Xiao-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Li-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Shu-Hu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4819-0822
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Ai-Xia
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002554:Cerebrosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D029631:Sapindaceae; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002554:Cerebrosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C451544:typhonoside; C000621830:typhonoside E; C000621831:typhonoside F; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9