title: Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use.
abstract: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution derives from combustion and non-combustion sources and consists of various chemical species that may differentially impact human health and climate. Previous reviews of PM chemical component concentrations and sources focus on high-income urban settings, which likely differ from the low- and middle-income settings where solid fuel (ie, coal, biomass) is commonly burned for cooking and heating. We aimed to summarize the concentrations of PM chemical components and their contributing sources in settings where solid fuel is burned. We searched the literature for studies that reported PM component concentrations from homes, personal exposures, and direct stove emissions under uncontrolled, real-world conditions. We calculated weighted mean daily concentrations for select PM components and compared sources of PM determined by source apportionment. Our search criteria yielded 48 studies conducted in 12 countries. Weighted mean daily cooking area concentrations of elemental carbon, organic carbon, and benzo(a)pyrene were 18.8 μg m-3, 74.0 μg m-3, and 155 ng m-3, respectively. Solid fuel combustion explained 29%-48% of principal component/factor analysis variance and 41%-87% of PM mass determined by positive matrix factorization. Multiple indoor and outdoor sources impacted PM concentrations and composition in these settings, including solid fuel burning, mobile emissions, dust, and solid waste burning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.|Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: M H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0939-4902
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Secrest
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.|Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schauer
authors.affiliation: Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.|Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.|Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon; D003031:Coal; D003296:Cooking; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006796:Household Work; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon
keywords: benzo(a)pyrene; elemental carbon; household air pollution; particulate matter; residential solid fuel burning; source apportionment