title: Selection and characterization of coal mine autochthonous rhizobia for the inoculation of herbaceous legumes.
abstract: Coal open pit mining in the South of Santa Catarina state (Brazil) was inappropriately developed, affecting approximately 6.700 ha. Re-vegetation is an alternative for the recovery of these areas. Furthermore, the use of herbaceous legumes inoculated with nitrogen fixing bacteria is motivated due to the difficulty implementing a vegetation cover in these areas, mainly due to low nutrient availability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate, among 16 autochthonous rhizobia isolated from the coal mining areas, those with the greatest potential to increase growth of the herbaceous legumes Vicia sativa and Calopogonium mucunoides. Tests were conducted in greenhouse containing 17 inoculation treatments (16 autochthonous rhizobia + Brazilian recommended strain for each plant species), plus two treatments without inoculation (with and without mineral nitrogen). After 60 days, nodulation, growth, N uptake, and symbiotic efficiency were evaluated. Isolates characterization was assessed by the production of indole acetic acid, ACC deaminase, siderophores, and inorganic phosphate solubilization. The classification of the isolates was performed by 16 S rDNA gene sequencing. Only isolates UFSC-M4 and UFSC-M8 were able to nodulate C. mucunoides. Among rhizobia capable of nodulating V. sativa, only UFSC-M8 was considered efficient. It was found the presence of more than one growth-promoting attributes in the same organism, and isolate UFSC-M8 presented all of them. Isolates were classified as belonging to Rhizobium, Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The results suggest the inoculation of Vicia sativa with strain UFSC-M8, classified as Rhizobium sp., as a promising alternative for the revegetation of coal mining degraded areas.
authors.affiliation: Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Setor F, Bloco A, Sala 205, Caixa postal 476, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anabel González
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ginaini Doin
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.affiliation: Biotecnologia e Biociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Leal
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Binati
authors.affiliation: Biotecnologia e Biociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Xavier Inês
authors.initials: FXI
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Setor F, Bloco A, Sala 205, Caixa postal 476, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana Morales
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Londoño
authors.affiliation: Biotecnologia e Biociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Peixoto
authors.initials: ACP
authors.lastname: Mamede
authors.affiliation: Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Setor F, Bloco A, Sala 205, Caixa postal 476, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, CEP 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuela Pille
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Dutra
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Armas
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Admir José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giachini
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. crfsoares@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa
authors.initials: CRFS
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D003031:Coal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000235:genetics; D033022:Vicia sativa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C030737:indoleacetic acid; C033634:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases
keywords: Biological nitrogen fixation; Degraded areas; Rhizobium; Symbiotic efficiency