title: The Highly Selective Caspase-1 Inhibitor VX-765 Provides Additive Protection Against Myocardial Infarction in Rat Hearts When Combined With a Platelet Inhibitor.
abstract: Use of ischemic postconditioning and other related cardioprotective interventions to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has failed to improve outcomes in clinical trials. Because P2Y12inhibitors are themselves postconditioning mimetics, it has been postulated that the loading dose of platelet inhibitors routinely given to patients treated for AMI masks the anti-infarct effect of other intended cardioprotective interventions. To further improve outcomes of patients with AMI, an intervention must be able to provide additive protection in the presence of a P2Y12platelet inhibitor. Previous studies reported an anti-infarct effect using a peptide inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory caspase-1 in animal models of AMI. Herein we tested whether a pharmacologic caspase-1 inhibitor can further limit infarct size in open-chest, anesthetized rats treated with a P2Y12inhibitor. One hour occlusion of a coronary branch followed by 2 hours of reperfusion was used to simulate clinical AMI and reflow. One group of rats received an intravenous bolus of 16 mg/kg of the highly selective caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 30 minutes prior to onset of ischemia. A second group received a 60 µg/kg intravenous bolus of the P2Y12inhibitor cangrelor 10 minutes prior to reperfusion followed by 6 µg/kg/min continuous infusion. A third group received treatment with both inhibitors as above. Control animals received no treatment. Infarct size was measured by tetrazolium stain and volume of muscle at risk by fluorescent microspheres. In untreated hearts, 73.7% ± 4.1% of the ischemic zone infarcted. Treatment with either cangrelor or VX-765 alone reduced infarct size to 43.8% ± 2.4% and 39.6% ± 3.6% of the ischemic zone, respectively. Combining cangrelor and VX-765 was highly protective, resulting in only 14.0% ± 2.9% infarction. The ability of VX-765 to provide protection beyond that of a platelet inhibitor alone positions it as an attractive candidate therapy to further improve outcomes in today's patients with AMI.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Xi-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.|2 Department of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.|4 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Housley
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.|4 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Diego F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.|4 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Audia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000067268:Isolated Heart Preparation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015843:Serpins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004151:Dipeptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D015843:Serpins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; C520022:belnacasan; C074641:interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme inhibitor
keywords: heart disease; ischemia/reperfusion injury