title: Core Microbiota and Metabolome ofVitis viniferaL. cv. Corvina Grapes and Musts.
abstract: The composition and changes of the fungal population and of the metabolites present in grapes and in ferments ofVitis viniferaL. cv. Corvina, one of the major components of the Amarone musts, were dissected aiming at the identification of constant characteristics possibly influenced by the productive process. The fungal populations and metabolomic profiles were analyzed in three different vintages. 454-pyrosequencing on the ribosomal ITS1 region has been used to identify the fungal population present in Corvina grapes and fresh must. Samples were also subjected to metabolomics analysis measuring both free volatile compounds and glycosylated aroma precursors through an untargeted approach with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Albeit strongly dependent on the climate, both the mycobiota and metabolome of Corvina grapes and fresh musts show some characteristics recursive in different vintages. Such persistent characteristics are likely determined by the method adopted to produce Amarone or other dry wines made from partially dried grapes. In particular, the harsh conditions imposed by the prolonged withering appear to contribute to the shaping of the fungal populations. The fungal genera and metabolites present in different vintages inV. viniferaL. cv. Corvina grapes and fresh musts represent core components of the peculiar technique of production of Amarone. Their identification allows the in-depth understanding and improved control of the process of production of this economically and culturally relevant wine.
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stefanini
authors.affiliation: Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all'Adige, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle ScienzeUdine, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.affiliation: Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tocci
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Zenato Azienda Vitivinicola, Peschiera del Garda Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zenato
authors.affiliation: Zenato Azienda Vitivinicola, Peschiera del Garda Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tempesta
authors.affiliation: Zenato Azienda Vitivinicola, Peschiera del Garda Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bronzato
authors.affiliation: Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Urska
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vrhovsek
authors.affiliation: Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all'Adige, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of TrentoSan Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattivi
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Duccio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavalieri
keywords: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Corvina; fungal populations; grapes; metataxonomics; musts; untargeted metabolomics; volatile compounds