title: Topical Drug Therapies for Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis is recognized as an inflammatory syndrome involving the nose and paranasal sinuses of multifactorial etiology. Research has demonstrated a complex interplay between host factors, microbiota, environmental exposures, and epigenetics resulting in chronic mucosal inflammation. The mainstay of medical therapy addresses this inflammation. In previously operated sinuses this includes topical saline and corticosteroids, reserving antibiotics for culture-directed acute exacerbations. Topical antiinflammatory therapies allow increased local concentration of drugs while minimizing side effects. Topical therapies have advanced the surgical field by improving and maintaining postoperative outcomes. The topical therapies include saline, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and antifungals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Emory University, Medical Office Tower, 550 Peachtree Street Northeast, Suite 1135, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Emory University, Medical Office Tower, 550 Peachtree Street Northeast, Suite 1135, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA. Electronic address: jdelgau@emory.edu.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DelGaudio
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; Nebulizers; Sinus irrigations; Steroids; Topical