title: Assessment risk to children's health due to consumption of cow's milk in polluted areas in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the heavy metal content in cow's milk produced in areas irrigated with waste water and to evaluate the health risk with daily consumption of milk for children. The sample consisted of four zones in which small farmers were selected and the milk of 160 cows in two seasons of the year. On average, the metals in the milk in decreasing order were 0.36; 0.046; 0.035; 0.029; 0.015; 0.012, and 0.002 mg kg-1for Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd, respectively. The Pb exceeded the limits allowed by Codex. The values shown in the hazard quotient for the As of more than 1 and HI were higher. On the other hand, the individual risk of cancer showed a descending order As> Cd> Cr> Pb, while the total risk indicated that the combined effect of metals put girls and boys at serious risk.
authors.affiliation: a Facultad de Ingeniería Agrohidráulica , Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico.
authors.forename: Numa Pompilio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-4829
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Castro Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Bromatología y Biotecnología de alimentos , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , España.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-7392
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno-Rojas
authors.affiliation: c Colegio de Postgraduados Campus-Puebla. Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-3789
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calderón Sánchez
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Bromatología y Biotecnología de alimentos , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , España.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno Ortega
authors.affiliation: d Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología , Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria , Puebla , Mexico.
authors.forename: Mayté
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juarez Meneses
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry; D008800:Mexico; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Cancer risk; hazard index; heavy metals; polluted milk; risk health