title: Effect of Graphene on Nonneuronal and Neuronal Cell Viability and Stress.
abstract: In recent years graphene has drawn considerable research interest for biomedical applications. However, applications of graphene in biological systems also raise concerns about its possible toxicity. Here, by using live cell imaging techniques, we investigate the effect of pristine graphene on the viability as well as stress of both nonneuronal and neuronal cells under physiological conditions. We find that graphene promotes cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, we find that graphene has no detectable adverse effect on mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, or autophagy levels in the cell, indicating that graphene does not induce cell stress. Our results highlight the potential of graphene to be used in biomedical applications by providing long-term and stable nonneural and neural interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Sahil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Guruprasad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Tzahi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5742-1007
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cohen-Karni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D019556:COS Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Graphene; autophagy; biocompatibility; bioelectronics; cell stress; cell viability; mitochondrial membrane potential