title: The Genotyping Resistance Profile of the Pol Gene Detected in Blood of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Is Durably Archived in the Gut Whatever the Time of Initiation of cART.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the mutational patterns on the pol gene of the main HIV-1 strain archived in cell genome of 10 chronically infected men according to their clinical and therapeutic history. The genotyping resistance profiles were compared between the first blood plasma available at the time of HIV diagnosis and rectal biopsies and PBMC sampled 1-5 years after the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1 RNA and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA were quantified by Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 and Generic HIV® DNA cell (Biocentric) assays. The mutations in protease and reverse transcriptase genes were assessed by the Trugene® assay (Siemens). The C2V3 region was amplified to determine the viral tropism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 9 patients, slight or no differences were observed between the 3 resistance profiles. Those mostly detected were related to the resistance to nucleos(t)ide (D67N, L210W, T215A, T69D) and nonnucleoside (K103N, V106I, V179I) inhibitors. In 1 rilpivirine-treated patient, the M230I mutation was detected in PBMC. No change of viral tropism was observed between samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that resistance mutations harbored by the main HIV strain in plasma at the time of diagnosis are durably archived in DNA cells whatever the delay between infection and initiation of therapy in patients well controlled by cART.
authors.affiliation: Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Anne Emmanuelle
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Depincé
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dussert
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vergnon-Miszczycha
authors.forename: Abdelaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keita
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pillet
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Botelho-Nevers
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frésard
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gagneux-Brunon
authors.forename: Frédéric R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lucht
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Roblin
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pozzetto
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bourlet
keywords: Combined antiretroviral therapy; Genotyping resistance assay; Gut; HIV-1