title: Induced plant defences in biological control of arthropod pests: a double-edged sword.
abstract: Biological control is an important ecosystem service delivered by natural enemies. Together with breeding for plant defence, it constitutes one of the most promising alternatives to pesticides for controlling herbivores in sustainable crop production. Especially induced plant defences may be promising targets in plant breeding for resistance against arthropod pests. Because they are activated upon herbivore damage, costs are only incurred when defence is needed. Moreover, they can be more specific than constitutive defences. Nevertheless, inducible defence traits that are harming plant pest organisms may interfere with biological control agents, such as predators and parasitoids. Despite the vast fundamental knowledge on plant defence mechanisms and their effects on natural enemies, our understanding of the feasibility of combining biological control with induced plant defence in practice is relatively poor. In this review, we focus on arthropod pest control and present the most important features of biological control with natural enemies and of induced plant defence. Furthermore, we show potential synergies and conflicts among them and, finally, identify gaps and list opportunities for their combined use in crop protection. We suggest that breeders should focus on inducible resistance traits that are compatible with the natural enemies of arthropod pests, specifically traits that help communities of natural enemies to build up. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Department of Agricultural Development, Orestiada, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-3023
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Plant - Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broekgaarden
authors.affiliation: Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Department of Agricultural Development, Orestiada, Greece.
authors.forename: George D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-2109
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Broufas
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Section Molecular and Chemical Ecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Merijn R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerben J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Messelink
authors.affiliation: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Molecular Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steppuhn
authors.affiliation: Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium.|Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, UK.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wäckers
authors.affiliation: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.|Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Ecology, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Dam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010944:Plants / Q000469:parasitology
keywords: direct defence; indirect defence; integrated pest management; plant resistance; sustainable agriculture