title: Burden of suicide in Poland in 2012: how could it be measured and how big is it?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to estimate the health-related and economic burden of suicide in Poland in 2012 and to demonstrate the effects of using different assumptions on the disease burden estimation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated by multiplying the number of deaths by the remaining life expectancy. Local expected YLL (LEYLL) and standard expected YLL (SEYLL) were computed using Polish life expectancy tables and WHO standards, respectively. In the base case analysis LEYLL and SEYLL were computed with 3.5 and 0% discount rates, respectively, and no age-weighting. Premature mortality costs were calculated using a human capital approach, with discounting at 5%, and are reported in Polish zloty (PLN) (1 euro = 4.3 PLN). The impact of applying different assumptions on base-case estimates was tested in sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total LEYLLs and SEYLLs due to suicide were 109,338 and 279,425, respectively, with 88% attributable to male deaths. The cost of male premature mortality (2,808,854,532 PLN) was substantially higher than for females (177,852,804 PLN). Discounting and age-weighting have a large effect on the base case estimates of LEYLLs. The greatest impact on the estimates of suicide-related premature mortality costs was due to the value of the discount rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide quantitative evidence on the burden of suicide. In our opinion each of the demonstrated methods brings something valuable to the evaluation of the impact of suicide on a given population, but LEYLLs and premature mortality costs estimated according to national guidelines have the potential to be useful for local public health policymakers.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orlewska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, AL. IX Wiekow Kielc 19, 25-317, Kielce, Poland. eorl@ujk.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orlewska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013405:Suicide; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burden of disease; Poland; Premature mortality costs; Suicide; Years of expected life lost