title: Response to the treatment immediately before nivolumab monotherapy may predict clinical response to nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, no markers predictive of response to nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are currently recognized in Japan. The present study was undertaken to identify such markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 50 patients with advanced NSCLC and treated with nivolumab monotherapy at Shizuoka Cancer Center between December 2015 and April 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The parameters studied were age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, smoking history, histological diagnosis, epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase status, therapeutic line of nivolumab, efficacy of treatment immediately before nivolumab monotherapy, and time since previous therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The objective response rate to nivolumab monotherapy was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) 10-31]. Multivariate logistic regression identified "squamous histology" [odds ratio (OR) 0.00054; 95% CI 0-0.27] and "response to the treatment immediately before nivolumab monotherapy" (OR 0.0011; 95% CI 0-0.092) as independently associated with response to nivolumab monotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Response to the treatment immediately before nivolumab monotherapy" might be a predictive marker of response to nivolumab in patients with advanced NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan. h.kobayashi@scchr.jp.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kenmotsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Tateaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077594:Nivolumab; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000077594:Nivolumab; C000626173:ALK protein, human; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Lung cancer; Nivolumab; Non-small cell lung cancer; PD-L1; Predictive factors