title: Asthma and risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated that asthma might be associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. However, this relationship differs by gender.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To systematically evaluate the association of asthma on the incidence of CVD and death in cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fixed and random effects models were used to calculate risk estimates in a meta-analysis. Potential publication bias was calculated using a funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation test, and Egger's linear regression test.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies that examined the relationship between asthma and CVD or all-cause mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and retrospective cohort studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies containing 406 426 participants were included. The summary relative risk (95% confi-dence interval, CI) for patients with asthma was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.15-1.53), for CVD in women, it was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.20-2.00), for CVD in men it was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.92-1.56), and for all-cause mortality in both genders it was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.01-1.83). These findings remained consistent after sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that asthma was associated with an increased risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.
  Systematic review was not registered.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Dr. Xiangjun Yang,, NO. 188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China, T: +86 5121810, coolestyan@163.com, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-3111.
authors.forename: Xiangjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors