title: Association of Dermatoses with Duration and Quantum of Alcohol Intake: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic alcohol intake impacts skin directly, through organ dysfunction or by modifying preexisting dermatoses. However, dermatoses afflicting chronic alcoholics figure in a few studies only.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to correlate the spectrum of dermatoses in chronic alcoholics with the quantum/duration of alcohol intake and raised liver transaminases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult males, totaling 196, ascertained to fulfill the Royal College of Psychiatry criteria for chronic alcoholism by the de-addiction center and referred for dermatological consult were enrolled as cases, and similar number of age-/sex-matched teetotallers, as controls. Data emanating from detailed history, clinical examination, and routine liver functions tests were summarized and subsequently analyzed, including statistically using the Chi-square, independent "t" and Spearman's rank correlation tests, and compared with data from previous studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority (104) drank 41-50 units of alcohol/week since 3-40 (mean: 20.01 ± 9.322) years. Generalized pruritus (odds ratio [OR]: 31.15,P< 0.001), xerosis (OR: 3.62,P= 0.008), and seborrheic dermatitis (OR: 12.26,P< 0.001) were significantly more common in cases than controls. Infections (73; 37.2%), eczemas (45; 22.9%), and generalized hyperpigmentation (28; 14.2%) were the major presenting complaints. Spider nevi, gynecomastia, and pellagroid dermatitis were present in 34 (17.3%), 19 (9.7%), and 8 (4.1%) respectively exclusively in cases only. Commonly seen systemic abnormalities were an alcoholic liver disease (45; 22.9%), diabetes mellitus (23; 11.7%), and peripheral neuropathy (19; 9.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of cutaneous manifestations of chronic alcoholism could prompt in-depth history taking of alcohol intake, lead to specialist referral and thereby enable timely de-addiction, hopefully before serious adversities in the chronic alcoholics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Yugal Kishor
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Roopa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Aayush
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
keywords: Alcohol abuse; chronic alcoholics; liver damage; skin manifestations