title: Gas fermentation: cellular engineering possibilities and scale up.
abstract: Low carbon fuels and chemicals can be sourced from renewable materials such as biomass or from industrial and municipal waste streams. Gasification of these materials allows all of the carbon to become available for product generation, a clear advantage over partial biomass conversion into fermentable sugars. Gasification results into a synthesis stream (syngas) containing carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). Autotrophy-the ability to fix carbon such as CO2is present in all domains of life but photosynthesis alone is not keeping up with anthropogenic CO2output. One strategy is to curtail the gaseous atmospheric release by developing waste and syngas conversion technologies. Historically microorganisms have contributed to major, albeit slow, atmospheric composition changes. The current status and future potential of anaerobic gas-fermenting bacteria with special focus on acetogens are the focus of this review.
authors.affiliation: LanzaTech, Inc., 8045 Lamon Ave, Suite 400, Skokie, IL, USA. bjorn.heijstra@lanzatech.com.
authors.forename: Björn D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Heijstra
authors.affiliation: LanzaTech, Inc., 8045 Lamon Ave, Suite 400, Skokie, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ching
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leang
authors.affiliation: LanzaTech, Inc., 8045 Lamon Ave, Suite 400, Skokie, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juminaga
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D060846:Cell Engineering; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006859:Hydrogen; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Carbon capture and utilization; Carbon recycling; Climate change; Fermentation; GHG; Gas contaminants; Scale up; Syngas; Waste gas