title: [Karyotyping and analysis of 5α -reductase-2 gene mutation in 25 patients with hypospadias].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the karyotypes and SRD5A2 gene mutations in 25 patients with sporadic or familial hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients included 10 adults and 15 children, whose chromosomes were analyzed by G-banded karyotyping, and the SRD5A2 genes were sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients were found to have an abnormal karyotype, while eight have carried compound heterozygous mutations of the SRD5A2 gene, which included 5 genotypes formed by 6 types of mutations, i.e., p.G203S/p.R227Q, p.R227Q/p.R246Q, p.Q6X/p.Q71X, p.L20P/p.G203S, and p.Q71X/p.R227Q. Mutations of the SRD5A2 gene were present in 32% (8/25) of all patients, 35% (8/23) in those with a normal karyotype, and 44.4% (8/18) in those with proximal type hypospadia. Bioinformatic analysis, literature review and pedigree analysis confirmed that all such mutations are pathogenic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromosomal anomalies and mutations of the SRD5A2 gene are the main cause of hypospadias. Sequencing of the SRD5A2 gene may explain the etiology of nearly half of the patients with proximal type of hypospadas but a normal karyotype, which can facilitate genetic consulting.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China. tanyueqiu@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shimin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Changgao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Xiurong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guangxiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yueqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; C548468:SRD5A2 protein, human