title: Clinical significance of incidental prostatic fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the diagnosis of infectious prostatitis in adult males.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed a work-up study of cancer patients with incidentally found uncharacterized prostatic fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake in F-FDG PET/CT results. Then, we evaluated the clinical significance of the incidental prostate F-FDG uptake (IPU) in nonmalignant prostate tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 51 men agreed to a physical prostate examination and an expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) test within 2 weeks after torso F-FDG PET/CT scans. We then reviewed the F-FDG PET/CT scans of the enrolled patients and evaluated the relationship between the F-FDG PET/CT, prostate-specific antigen, and prostatic laboratory findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathological diagnosis of five men indicated the presence of prostate cancer, and of the remaining 46 men, 27 cases showed IPU in the F-FDG PET/CT whereas 19 did not. The characteristics of the enrolled patients were as follows: mean age of 61.15±13.79 years (range: 30-83 years), maximum standardized uptake value of 2.64±1.33 (range: 1.2-7.1), and prostate-specific antigen of 3.10±3.50 ng/ml (range: 0.16-13.55 ng/ml). Ten of the 27 (37%) patients with IPU in the PET/CT scan showed bacterial infections in their prostate. A multivariate analysis indicated that the bacterial presence in the EPS increased the risk of IPU (adjusted odds ratio: 9.167; P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial presence in the prostate tends to increase the likelihood of IPU in F-FDG PET/CT scans. Therefore, men with incidental prostate F-FDG uptake should be considered for a possible prostate infection in addition to a concomitant malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aUrology bNuclear Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gil Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jai Hyuen
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18