title: Gender-Specific Impact of Cadmium Exposure on Bone Metabolism in Older People Living in a Cadmium-Polluted Area in Thailand.
abstract: To elucidate the influence of cadmium exposure on bone metabolism, associations between urinary/blood cadmium and bone resorption/formation markers were investigated in older cadmium exposed men and women. Increased urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), a bone resorption marker, was found to be associated with increased levels of parathyroid hormone, fractional excretion of calcium, and urinary/blood cadmium after adjusting for confounding factors in men. In women, urinary NTx was significantly associated with only urinary cadmium and a strong relationship with increased fractional excretion of calcium. Risk for bone metabolic disorders, indicated by high urinary NTx, significantly increased in men with blood cadmium ≥ 10 μg/L or urinary cadmium ≥ 10 μg/g creatinine. Increased osteocalcin level was significantly associated with increased blood cadmium in men. In conclusion, cadmium exposure appeared to have an influence on bone remodeling both bone resorption and formation in this population of older Thai men, and blood cadmium was more closely associated with bone metabolism than urinary cadmium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan. ni-koei@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.|Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan. ni-koei@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Muneko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishijo
authors.affiliation: School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. kowit.nam@mfu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Kowit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nambunmee
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. dhitiwass@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dhitiwass
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suvagandha
authors.affiliation: Mae Sot General Hospital, Mae Sot District, Tak Province 63110, Thailand. swaddi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Witaya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swaddiwudhipong
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. ruangyuttikarn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Werawan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruangyuttikarn
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan. ynishino@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.|Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan. ynishino@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002104:Cadmium; D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Thailand; blood cadmium; bone formation marker; bone resorption marker; urinary cadmium; vitamin D binding protein; whole parathyroid hormone