title: Analysis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: Biobank and sequence database to support eradication in Scotland.
abstract: Samples from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)-positive cattle were gathered by Scottish diagnostic laboratories and used to produce a Biobank of samples with associated location and identification data in support of the Scottish BVDV eradication scheme. The samples were subject to direct amplification and sequencing of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) to define the viral types and subtypes present. From 2693 samples collected prior to 2016, approximately 2300 sequences were obtained, representing 8 BVDV type 1 subtypes. No BVDV type 2 samples were detected. The samples came from all regions of the UK but 66 per cent were from Scotland. Analysis of the sequences showed great diversity in the 5'-UTR, with 1206 different sequences. Many samples carried virus with identical 5'-UTR sequences; often from single locations, but there were also examples of the same sequence being obtained from samples at several different locations. This work provides a resource that can be used to analyse the movement of BVDV strains both within Scotland and between Scotland and other nations, particularly in the latter stages of the Scottish eradication programme, and so inform the advice available to both livestock keepers and policymakers.
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: G C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1951-3215
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lycett
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachofen
authors.affiliation: SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services, Allan Watt Building, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Caldow
authors.affiliation: Biobest Laboratories Ltd, Edinburgh Technopole, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PY, UK.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.affiliation: Animal Health and Welfare Division, Directorate for Agriculture and Rural Economy, Scottish Government, Saughton House, Edinburgh EH11 3XD, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davie
authors.affiliation: Animal Health and Welfare Division, Directorate for Agriculture and Rural Economy, Scottish Government, Saughton House, Edinburgh EH11 3XD, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrose
authors.affiliation: SRUC Epidemiology Research Unit, An Lochran, Beechwood Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Zadoks
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D002417:Cattle; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060740:Disease Eradication; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions
keywords: DNA sequences; eradication; genotypes; livestock viruses; pestivirus