title: Extensive diversity of coronaviruses in bats from China.
abstract: To help reveal the diversity and evolution of bat coronaviruses we collected 1067 bats from 21 species in China. A total of 73 coronaviruses (32 alphacoronaviruses and 41 betacoronaviruses) were identified in these bats, with an overall prevalence of 6.84%. All newly-identified betacoronaviruses were SARS-related Rhinolophus bat coronaviruses (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV). Importantly, with the exception of the S gene, the genome sequences of the SARSr-Rh-BatCoVs sampled in Guizhou province were closely related to SARS-related human coronavirus. Additionally, the newly-identified alphacoronaviruses exhibited high genetic diversity and some may represent novel species. Our phylogenetic analyses also provided insights into the transmission of these viruses among bat species, revealing a general clustering by geographic location rather than by bat species. Inter-species transmission among bats from the same genus was also commonplace in both the alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses. Overall, these data suggest that high contact rates among specific bat species enable the acquisition and spread of coronaviruses.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zong-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Xiao
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Longquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longquan, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Miao-Ruo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Neixiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Neixiang, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Run-Hong
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Peng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Jiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiyuan, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zhangyongzhen@icdc.cn.
authors.forename: Yong-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Bats; Coronavirus; Evolution; Phylogeny; SARS; Transmission