title: Fear-based reasons for not engaging in sexual activity during pregnancy: associations with sexual and relationship well-being.
abstract: Pregnant women consistently report fears that sexual activity could harm their pregnancy. Little is known, however, about the degree to which women report these fears as reasons for not having sex during pregnancy and whether these fears relate to women's well-being. The aims of this study were to assess the importance of women's fears of sexual activity harming the pregnancy in their decision not to engage in sex during pregnancy, and the associations between these fears and sexual and relationship well-being.
  
  
  
  Pregnant women (N = 261) were recruited online to complete a survey that included a novel scale of fear-based reasons for not engaging in sexual activity during pregnancy and validated measures of sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction, sexual distress and relationship satisfaction.
  
  
  
  Over half of the women (58.6%) reported at least one fear as a reason for not engaging in sexual activity while pregnant, though total fear scores were low. Greater fear-based reasons for not having sex were associated with greater sexual distress but were unrelated to sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction.
  
  
  
  Women who reported higher rates of refraining from sex due to fear that it could harm their pregnancy reported greater sexual distress, but not lower sexual functioning or sexual and relationship satisfaction. Results suggest that interventions focused on minimizing fears of sexual activity during pregnancy may not be essential for promoting women's broader sexual and relationship well-being in pregnancy, but may help to reduce women's global feelings of worry and anxiety about their sexual relationship.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.
authors.forename: Jaimie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Beveridge
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vannier
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , IWK Health Centre , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.
authors.forename: Natalie O
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4525-0770
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Pregnancy; psychological well-being; women’s sexuality