title: A Comparison of Interventional Approaches for Increasing Power Take-off Shielding on New York Farms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Power take-off (PTO) driveline entanglements are a primary source of injury on US farms. As with many farm injury concerns, hazard control technology is widely available for mitigating the risk of these entanglements. Despite the availability of hazard control technology, PTO shields are damaged or missing on approximately 57% of PTO driveline implements in New York. Given the catastrophic nature of entanglements and the ready access to safety technology, a better understanding of what motivates farmers to install or replace PTO shields is warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine this question, agricultural health and safety researchers in New York State conducted an initial comparison of PTO shield sales on farms receiving one of three different interventional approaches. These included PTO shield audits, a social marketing campaign, and on-farm safety services. PTO shield purchases were tracked from January 2011 through June 2016 on farms receiving these interventions and on other farms that were not exposed to interventional strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that a significantly higher number of PTO shields were purchased on farms that requested and received on-farm safety services versus farms that were exposed to PTO shield audits, the social marketing campaign, or the control group. PTO shield sales were slightly elevated on farms receiving driveline audits, as compared with control farms (although these differences were not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No marked differences in sales were noted between control farms and farms exposed to the social marketing campaign. Only one of the three interventional strategies (on-farm safety services) approached the number of PTO shield sales necessary to prevent an entanglement.
authors.affiliation: a The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Bassett Healthcare Network , Fly Creek , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.affiliation: a The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Bassett Healthcare Network , Fly Creek , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tinc
authors.affiliation: a The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Bassett Healthcare Network , Fly Creek , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Deb
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.affiliation: a The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Bassett Healthcare Network , Fly Creek , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Erika E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: b The Bassett Research Institute , Bassett Medical Center , Cooperstown , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000383:Agriculture / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004869:Equipment Safety / Q000191:economics; D000072480:Farms; D006801:Humans; D009518:New York; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000191:economics; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017751:Safety Management; D040241:Social Marketing
keywords: Behavior change; driveline entanglements; farm injuries; farm safety; power take-off shields; safety audits; safety training; social marketing