title: Effect of glyphosate acid on biochemical markers of periphyton exposed in outdoor mesocosms in the presence and absence of the mussel Limnoperna fortunei.
abstract: Glyphosate is currently the most widely used herbicide in agricultural production. It generally enters aquatic ecosystems through surface water runoff and aerial drift. We evaluated the effect of glyphosate acid on biochemical parameters of periphyton exposed to concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 mg/L in outdoor mesocosms in the presence and absence of the mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Periphyton ash-free dry weight, chlorophyll a content, carotene/chlorophyll a ratio, lipid peroxidation levels, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were determined at days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 26 of the experimental period. Ash-free dry weight was similar between control and glyphosate-treated periphyton in the absence of L. fortunei. The latter had significantly lower carotene to chlorophyll a ratios and enzyme activities, and higher lipid peroxidation levels and chlorophyll a content than the former. These results show an adverse effect of glyphosate on the metabolism of periphyton community organisms, possibly inducing oxidative stress. On the contrary, no differences were observed in any of these variables between control and glyphosate-treated periphyton in the presence of L. fortunei. Mussels probably attenuated the herbicide effects by contributing to glyphosate dissipation. The results also demonstrate that biochemical markers provide useful information that may warn of herbicide impact on periphyton communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1775-1784. © 2016 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Iummato
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Haydée
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pizarro
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cataldo
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Fiori
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Afonso
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Carmen Ríos de Molina
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ángela Beatriz
authors.initials: ÁB
authors.lastname: Juárez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D017753:Ecosystem; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006207:Half-Life; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002338:Carotenoids; D002374:Catalase; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Algae; Freshwater toxicology; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Mussel; Oxidative stress; Periphyton; Stress response