title: Polymorphic variants in VAX1 and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a population from northern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects, and the etiology of NSCL/P involves both genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a novel susceptibility locus of ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1) in patients with NSCL/P. However, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VAX1 with NSCL/P is inconclusive due to the differences in the racial and ethnic populations. The aim of this study was to replicate the association between VAX1 and NSCL/P in a northern Chinese Han population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included 186 patients with NSCL/P and 223 healthy individuals from northern China. Five SNPs (rs4752028, rs10787760, rs7078160, rs6585429, and rs1871345) on VAX1 were genotyped using the SNaPshot method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recessive genetic model analysis revealed that homozygous genotype CC of VAX1 rs4752028 was associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P (odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-3.19, P = 0.017), but the results were not significant after the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The allele and genotype frequencies of rs10787760, rs7078160, rs6585429, and rs1871345 and the allele frequencies of rs4752028 showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Haplotype and SNP-SNP interaction analyses did not detect any significant association of VAX1 with the occurrence of NSCL/P.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VAX1 rs4752028 was weakly associated with NSCL/P development in the studied northern Chinese Han population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology Scientific Research Management Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiangbiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jinna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Kewen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C572055:VAX1 protein, human