title: Understanding pain and coping in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
abstract: To examine a self-regulation and coping model for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) that may help us understand the pain experience of patients with chronic IC/BPS.
  
  
  
  The model tested illness perceptions, illness-focused coping, emotional regulation, mental health and disability in a stepwise method using factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Step 1, explored the underlying constructs. Step 2, confirmed the measurement models to determine the structure/composition of the main constructs. Step 3, evaluated the model fit and specified pathways in the proposed IC/BPS self-regulation model. In all, 217 female patients with urologist diagnosed IC/BPS were recruited and diagnosed across tertiary care centres in North America. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires.
  
  
  
  An IC/BPS self-regulation model was supported. Physical disability was worsened by patient's negative perception of their illness, attempts to cope using illness-focused coping and poorer emotional regulation. Mental health was supported by perceptions that individuals could do something about their illness, using wellness-focused behavioural strategies and adaptive emotion regulation.
  
  
  
  The results clarify the complex and unique process of self-regulation in women with IC/BPS, implicating cognitive and coping targets, and highlighting emotional regulation. This knowledge should help clinicians understand and manage these patients' distress and disability.
authors.affiliation: Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2679-2862
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology, Anesthesiology and Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Lesley K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, Lake Success, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moldwin
authors.affiliation: The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J Curtis
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nickel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017281:Cost of Illness; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D058748:Pain Perception; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: coping; disability; interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome; mental health; pain; self-regulation