title: The Characteristics of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate/Polycaprolactone 3-dimensional Scaffold with Osteogenesis Properties for Tissue Regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mineral trioxide aggregate/polycaprolactone (MTA/PCL) hybrid 3-dimensional (3D) scaffold supplies a suitable microenvironment for the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and to further consider the effect of the MTA/PCL composite on the biological performance of hybrid scaffolds.
  
  
  METHODS
  MTA was suspended in absolute alcohol and dropped slowly into PCL that was generated with the printable MTA-matrix. Then, the MTA/PCL composite was prepared into highly uniform scaffolds with controlled macropore sizes and structure using a 3D printing technique. Mechanical properties and the apatite precipitation of the scaffolds were evaluated as well as the cell response to the scaffolds by culturing hDPCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the MTA/PCL 3D scaffold had uniform, 450-μm, high-porosity (70%) macropores and a compressive strength of 4.5 MPa. In addition, the MTA/PCL scaffold could effectively promote the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of hDPCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D-printed MTA/PCL scaffolds not only exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties but also enhanced osteogenesis differentiation. All of the results support the premise that this MTA/PCL porous scaffold would be a useful biomaterial for application in bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tuan-Ti
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan. Electronic address: eviltacasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ming-You
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shie
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000378:metabolism*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012038:Regeneration; D017640:Silicates / Q000378:metabolism*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D011091:Polyesters; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C016240:polycaprolactone
keywords: Human dental pulp cell; mineral trioxide aggregate; osteogenesis; polycaprolactone; scaffold