title: Scarification in sub-Saharan Africa: social skin, remedy and medical import.
abstract: Various forms of body modification may be observed in sub-Saharan Africa. Hypotheses and theories of scarification and tribal marking in sub-Saharan Africa are described, plus the procedure of scarification, examples from several African countries, assumed effects in prevention and treatment of diseases, and the medical risks resulting from unsterile manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural and Cultural History of Man, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garve
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality Management and Accreditation, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garve
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural and Cultural History of Man, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.|University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Türp
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Julius N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fobil
authors.affiliation: Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.|Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.|Health Focus GmbH, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D046289:Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine; D012306:Risk
keywords: Afrique subsaharienne; consecuencias médicas de la escarificación; conséquences médicales de la scarification; escarificación; importance sociale; medical consequences of scarification; scarification; significado social; social significance; sub-Saharan Africa; teoría de marcaje tribal; theories of tribal marking; théories du marquage tribal; África subsahariana