title: Diagnosis and Management of Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children and Adolescents: ICMR Consensus Document.
abstract: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly malignant tumor which is thought to originate from the pluripotent mesenchyme. It is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood. This review article summarizes the recent and older published literature and gives an overview of management of RMS in children. RMS can arise in a wide variety of primary sites, some of which are associated with specific patterns of local invasion, regional lymph nodal spread, therapeutic response and long term outcome, hence requiring physicians to be familiar with site-specific staging and treatment details. Most common primary sites include the head and neck region, genitourinary tract, and extremities. Prognosis for children and adolescents with RMS has recently improved substantially, especially for patients with local or locally extensive disease because of the development of multi-modal therapy incorporating surgery, dose-intensive combination chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Despite aggressive approaches the outcome for patients who present with metastatic disease remains unsatisfactory. Clinical trials are ongoing to reduce toxicity and improve outcomes of such patients; newer agents in combination are being investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Saroj Prasad
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India. girish.c.tmh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chinnaswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gauri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Adyar, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Venkatraman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laskar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Brijesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: NCD Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tanvir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Dr. B.R.A Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Alveolar; Embryonal; Pediatric; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Treatment