title: Ionic liquids for the passive sampling of sulfonamides from water-applicability and selectivity study.
abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are new-generation, non-volatile solvents which are designable, and their structure may be specifically adjusted to the current application needs. Therefore, it is possible to create and apply ILs which efficiently and selectively extract various analytes from different matrices. It has already been examined that ILs may be applied as receiving phases in passive sampling for the long-term water monitoring of PAHs and pharmaceuticals in water. In this paper, the concept of passive sampling with ILs (PASSIL applied as receiving phases) was continued and developed using phosphonium-, imidazolium-, and morpholinium-cation-based ILs. The target group of analytes was pharmaceuticals which represent one of the most common categories of water contaminants. Fourteen-day-long extractions using various ILs were performed in stirred conditions at a constant temperature (20 °C). The best extraction efficiency was achieved for trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide ([P666-14][N(CN)2]). For this preliminary calibration, the sampling rates were calculated for each sulfonamide. Once again, selectivity was observed in passive sampling using [P666-14][N(CN)2]. Therefore, PASSIL is seen as a very promising method for pharmaceutical monitoring in water.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. hanna.meczykowska@phdstud.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Męczykowska
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kobylis
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stepnowski
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caban
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D006146:Guanidines; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009757:Nylons; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000626716:trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene
keywords: Ionic liquid; PASSIL; Passive sampling; Pharmaceuticals; Sulfonamides; Water monitoring