title: Automatized set-up procedure for transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols.
abstract: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) established itself as a powerful technique for probing and treating the human brain. Major technological evolutions, such as neuronavigation and robotized systems, have continuously increased the spatial reliability and reproducibility of TMS, by minimizing the influence of human and experimental factors. However, there is still a lack of efficient set-up procedure, which prevents the automation of TMS protocols. For example, the set-up procedure for defining the stimulation intensity specific to each subject is classically done manually by experienced practitioners, by assessing the motor cortical excitability level over the motor hotspot (HS) of a targeted muscle. This is time-consuming and introduces experimental variability. Therefore, we developed a probabilistic Bayesian model (AutoHS) that automatically identifies the HS position. Using virtual and real experiments, we compared the efficacy of the manual and automated procedures. AutoHS appeared to be more reproducible, faster, and at least as reliable as classical manual procedures. By combining AutoHS with robotized TMS and automated motor threshold estimation methods, our approach constitutes the first fully automated set-up procedure for TMS protocols. The use of this procedure decreases inter-experimenter variability while facilitating the handling of TMS protocols used for research and clinical routine.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5105, Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurocognition, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, INSERM, UMS 3552, IRMaGe, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: sylvain.harquel@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harquel
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5105, Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurocognition, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diard
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raffin
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5105, Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurocognition, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Passera
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie et Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dall'Igna
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5105, Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurocognition, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marendaz
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5105, Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurocognition, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauvin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cortical excitability; Hotspot hunting; MEP; Motor mapping; Robotized TMS