title: Optimization of bioengineered heparin/heparan sulfate production for therapeutic applications.
abstract: Heparin has been used clinically as an anti-coagulant for more than 100 y and the major source of this therapeutic is still animal tissues. Contamination issues in some batches of heparin over 10 y ago have highlighted the need to develop alternative methods of production of this essential drug.1Bioengineering heparin by expressing serglycin in mammalian cells is a promising approach that was recently reported by the authors.2This addendum explores the approaches that the authors are taking to increase the yield of recombinantly expressed serglycin decorated with heparin/heparan sulfate focusing on cell culture and bioreactor conditions and proposes that the cell microenvironment is a key modulator of heparin biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-9811
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: MoonSun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: John M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-802X
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whitelock
mesh_terms: D024861:Genetic Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006493:Heparin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D006493:Heparin; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C075430:serglycin
keywords: Heparin; heparan sulfate; mast cells; microenvironment; recombinant expression; serglycin