title: Genetic study of neuregulin 1 and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 in tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that may develop as a side effect of antipsychotic medication. The aetiology underlying TD is unclear, but a number of mechanisms have been proposed.
  
  
  
  We investigated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for neuregulin-1 and erbB-4 receptor in our sample of 153 European schizophrenia patients for possible association with TD.
  
  
  
  We found the ERBB4 rs839523 CC genotype to be associated with risk for TD occurrence and increased severity as measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) (P = .003).
  
  
  
  This study supports a role for the neuregulin signalling pathway in TD, although independent replications are warranted.
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|c Laboratory Medicine and Pathophysiology , University of Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Clement C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zai
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Nabilah I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|d Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|e Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Luca
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|e Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: f Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , University of California , Irvine, Irvine , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Potkin
authors.affiliation: g Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: h Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and Physiology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Herbert Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|e Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Aristotle N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Voineskos
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|e Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remington
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|e Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: James L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8733-3806
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D000071057:Tardive Dyskinesia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C094131:NRG1 protein, human; D020890:Neuregulin-1; C587689:ERBB4 protein, human; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4
keywords: Tardive dyskinesia; neuregulin 1 (NRG1); pharmacogenetics; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 (ERBB4); schizophrenia