title: Recycling of palm oil industrial wastes using vermicomposting technology: its kinetics study and environmental application.
abstract: The present paper reports management of palm oil mill effluent (POME) mixed with palm-pressed fibre (PPF) POME-PPF mixture using eco-friendly, cost-effective vermicomposting technology. Vermicomposting of POME-PPF was performed to examine the optimal POME-PPF ratio with respect to the criteria of earthworm biomass and to evaluate the decomposition of carbon and nitrogen in different percentages of POME-PPF mixtures. Chemical parameters such as TOC, N, P and K contents were determined to achieve optimal decomposition of POME-PPF. On this basis, the obtained data of 50% POME-PPF mixture demonstrated more significant results throughout the experiment after addition of the earthworms. However, 60 and 70% mixtures found significant only in the last stages of the vermicomposting process. The decomposition rate in terms of -ln (CNt/CNo) showed that the 50% mixture has higher decomposition rate as compared to the 60 and 70% (k50% = 0.0498 day-1). The vermicomposting extracts (50, 60 and 70%) of POME-PPF mixtures were also tested to examine the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata). It was found that among different extract dilutions, 50% POME-PPF vermicompost extract provided longer root and shoot length of mung bean. The present study concluded that the 50% mixture of POME-PPF could be chosen as the optimal mixture for vermicomposting in terms of both decomposition rate and fertilizer value of the final compost. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Environmental Technology Division, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. pfr09_tec090@student.usm.my.
authors.forename: Parveen Fatemeh
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Rupani
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Environmental Technology Division, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Embrandiri
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Environmental Technology Division, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahamad Hakimi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology IIT, Delhi, 110016, India. mdshahadat93@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahadat
authors.affiliation: UTM Palm Oil Research Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sune Balle
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Ecoscience Research Foundation, Chennai, 600014, India.
authors.forename: Sultan Ahmed
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Environmental Technology Division, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Omar
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ab Kadir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007700:Kinetics; D009835:Oligochaeta; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil
keywords: Decomposition rate; Earthworms; Palm oil mill effluent; Palmpressed fibre; Vermicomposting