title: Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in Nepalese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherogenic dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Timely detection and characterization of this condition help clinicians estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease and take appropriate preventive measures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and predictors of dyslipidemia in a cohort of Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found mixed dyslipidemia as the most prevalent (88.1%) and isolated dyslipidemia (10.1%) as the least prevalent forms of dyslipidemia in our patients. The most prevalent form of single dyslipidemia was high LDL-C (73.8%) and combined dyslipidemia was high TG, high LDL-C and low HDL-C (44.7%). Prevalence of all single and mixed dyslipidemia was higher in patients with poor glycemic control and hypertension. The glycemic status of patients correlated with their fasting serum lipid profile. Dyslipidemia was associated mainly with male gender, poor glycemic control and hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atherogenic dyslipidemia is associated mainly with male gender, poor glycemic control and hypertension. It is highly prevalent in Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes. Urgent lifestyle modification, sustained glycemic control and aggressive lipid lowering treatment plans are necessary to minimize the future risk of cardiovascular disease in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Height, Pokhara-16, Kaski, Nepal. drpokharel09@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daya Ram
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pokharel
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal.
authors.forename: Dipendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khadka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Height, Pokhara-16, Kaski, Nepal.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigdel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Height, Pokhara-16, Kaski, Nepal.
authors.forename: Naval Kishor
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Assessment and Evaluation Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Shreedhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Phulbari, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ramchandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kafle
authors.affiliation: Shikhar Biotech Pvt Ltd, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ravindra Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sapkota
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94017, USA.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigdel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Dyslipidemia; Nepal; Pokhara; Prevalence; Type 2 diabetes