title: A novel biomarker associated with distress in humans: calcium-binding protein, spermatid-specific 1 (CABS1).
abstract: Calcium-binding protein spermatid-specific 1 (CABS1) is expressed in the human submandibular gland and has an anti-inflammatory motif similar to that in submandibular rat 1 in rats. Here, we investigate CABS1 in human saliva and its association with psychological and physiological distress and inflammation in humans. Volunteers participated across three studies:1) weekly baseline measures;2) a psychosocial speech and mental arithmetic stressor under evaluative threat; and3) during academic exam stress. Salivary samples were analyzed for CABS1 and cortisol. Additional measures included questionnaires of perceived stress and negative affect; exhaled nitric oxide; respiration and cardiac activity; lung function; and salivary and nasal inflammatory markers. We identified a CABS1 immunoreactive band at 27 kDa in all participants and additional molecular mass forms in some participants. One week temporal stability of the 27-kDa band was satisfactory (test-retest reliability estimate = 0.62-0.86). Acute stress increased intensity of 18, 27, and 55 kDa bands; 27-kDa increases were associated with more negative affect and lower heart rate, sympathetic activity, respiration rate, and minute ventilation. In both acute and academic stress, changes in 27 kDa were positively associated with salivary cortisol. The 27-kDa band was also positively associated with VEGF and salivary leukotriene B4 levels. Participants with low molecular weight CABS1 bands showed reduced habitual stress and negative affect in response to acute stress. CABS1 is readily detected in human saliva and is associated with psychological and physiological indicators of stress. The role of CABS1 in inflammatory processes, stress, and stress resilience requires careful study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: St Laurent
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.|Quito Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Ana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Trueba
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Chelsey A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Werchan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas; and.
authors.forename: Pia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Auchus
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reyes-Serratos
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; dean.befus@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: A Dean
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Befus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013060:Speech; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000598353:CABS1 protein, human; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: acute and chronic stress; anti-inflammatory activity; calcium-binding protein spermatid-specific 1; cortisol; negative affect; saliva; submandibular rat 1