title: CMDR based differential evolution identifies the epistatic interaction in genome-wide association studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detecting epistatic interactions in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a computational challenge. Such huge numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combinations limit the some of the powerful algorithms to be applied to detect the potential epistasis in large-scale SNP datasets.
  
  
  METHODS
  We propose a new algorithm which combines the differential evolution (DE) algorithm with a classification based multifactor-dimensionality reduction (CMDR), termed DECMDR. DECMDR uses the CMDR as a fitness measure to evaluate values of solutions in DE process for scanning the potential statistical epistasis in GWAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that DECMDR outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of detection success rate by the large simulation and real data obtained from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. For running time comparison, DECMDR can efficient to apply the CMDR to detect the significant association between cases and controls amongst all possible SNP combinations in GWAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  DECMDR is freely available at https://goo.gl/p9sLuJ .
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  chuang@isu.edu.tw or e0955767257@yahoo.com.tw.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Yeh
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Da
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058011:Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction / Q000379:methods*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide