title: Interaction of TiO2nanoparticles with proteins from aquatic organisms: the case of gill mucus from blue mussel.
abstract: To better understand the mechanisms of TiO2nanoparticle (NP) uptake and toxicity in aquatic organisms, we investigated the interaction of NPs with the proteins found in gill mucus from blue mussels. Mucus is secreted by many aquatic organisms and is often their first line of defense against pathogens, xenobiotics, and other sources of environmental stress. Here, five TiO2NPs and one SiO2NP were incubated with gill mucus and run out on a one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel for a comparative qualitative analysis of the free proteins in the mucosal solution and the proteins bound to NPs. We then used nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to identify proteins of interest. Our data demonstrated dissimilar protein profiles between the crude mucosal solution and proteins adsorbed on NPs. In particular, extrapallial protein (EP), one of the most abundant mucus proteins, was absent from the adsorbed proteins. After thermal denaturation experiments, this absence was attributed to the EP content in aromatic amino acids that prevents protein unfolding and thus adsorption on the NP. Moreover, although the majority of the protein corona was qualitatively similar across the NPs tested here (SiO2and TiO2), a few proteins in the corona showed a specific recruitment pattern according to the NP oxide (TiO2vs SiO2) or crystal structure (anatase TiO2vs rutile TiO2). Therefore, protein adsorption may vary with the type of NP. Graphical abstract Proteins with adsorption selectivity as identified from isolated bands.
authors.affiliation: LIONS, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. adeline.bourgeault@edf.fr.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-4524
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgeault
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025, Evry, France.|Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université Evry-Val-d'Essonne, 91025, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Legros
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025, Evry, France.|Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université Evry-Val-d'Essonne, 91025, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonnet
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025, Evry, France.|Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université Evry-Val-d'Essonne, 91025, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: LIONS, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paquirissamy
authors.affiliation: LIONS, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Clémence
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bénatar
authors.affiliation: LIONS, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Spalla
authors.affiliation: Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chanéac
authors.affiliation: LIONS, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Renault
authors.affiliation: LIONS, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D005880:Gills; D009093:Mucus; D049880:Mytilus edulis; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: 1D PAGE; Adsorption; Gill mucus; Interaction; Mussel; Protein; TiO2 nanoparticles; nanoLC-MS/MS