title: Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. The comet and micronucleus tests indicated that the EEDd was not genotoxic. The EEDd also did not change the phagocytic activity or the leukocyte perLipheral count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. This study should contribute to ensuring the safe use of EEDd.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: raissa_ishikawa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Raissa Borges
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: mleitao02@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Maicon Matos
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leitão
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: robertokassuya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roberto Mikio
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kassuya
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: lf_biomed@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Macorini
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: f.floramoreira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Flora Martinez Figueira
authors.initials: FMF
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS) - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: claudia@uems.br.
authors.forename: Claudia Andrea Lima
authors.initials: CAL
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: robertacoelho@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Roberta Gomes
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: arnildo.pott@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arnildo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pott
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: gmgelfuso@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme Martins
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gelfuso
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, Brazil. Electronic address: juliocroda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croda
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: rjo.ead.ufms@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Juliano
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Electronic address: candida2005@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Candida Aparecida Leite
authors.initials: CAL
authors.lastname: Kassuya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D020552:Comet Assay; D045466:Dilleniaceae; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Betulin (PubChem CID: 72326); Betulinic acid (PubChem CID: 64971); Doliocarpus dentatus: genetic toxicity; Kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (PubChem CID: 5316673); Mice; Mycobaterium tuberculosis: inflammation; Phagocytosis; Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PubChem CID: 5742590)