title: Grey matter reduction in the caudate nucleus in patients with persistent negative symptoms: An ALE meta-analysis.
abstract: In the present study, we used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to quantitatively examine brain grey matter reduction in schizophrenia patients with persistent negative symptoms (PNS).
  
  
  
  A total of 12 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies were included in ALE meta-analysis using more stringent criterion of PNS.
  
  
  
  Significant grey matter reduction in the PNS group relative to controls was observed in the left caudate nucleus, the left precentral region, the left middle frontal region, the bilateral parahippocampal region, the left anterior cingulate region, the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, the thalamus and the insula.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that brain regions in the reward network may be specifically related to PNS, especially the left caudate nucleus. It is possible that abnormality in reward processing may constitute the neural basis of PNS.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Haidian District Mental Health Prevent-Treatment Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Haidian District Mental Health Prevent-Treatment Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Xiu
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Jie
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China.
authors.forename: Eric F C
authors.initials: EFC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: rckchan@psych.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Raymond C K
authors.initials: RCK
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: Grey matter; Meta-analysis; Persistent negative symptoms; Schizophrenia