title: Anchored but not internalized: shape dependent endocytosis of nanodiamond.
abstract: Nanoparticle-cell interactions begin with the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles, a process that eventually determines their cellular fate. In the present work, we show that the morphological features of nanodiamonds (NDs) affect both the anchoring and internalization stages of their endocytosis. While a prickly ND (with sharp edges/corners) has no trouble of anchoring onto the plasma membrane, it suffers from difficult internalization afterwards. In comparison, the internalization of a round ND (obtained by selective etching of the prickly ND) is not limited by its lower anchoring amount and presents a much higher endocytosis amount. Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling results suggest that the observed difference in the anchoring of round and prickly NDs likely results from the reduced contact surface area with the cell membrane of the former, while the energy penalty associated with membrane curvature generation, which is lower for a round ND, may explain its higher probability of the subsequent internalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Bokai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Zhenpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yanhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Zhiqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.|University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raabova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.|University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vavra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cigler
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.|The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Renbao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.|The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004705:Endocytosis; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D058612:Nanodiamonds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D058612:Nanodiamonds