title: Comorbidities and their impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease that is associated with devastating outcomes resulting from lung involvement and several comorbidities. Comorbidities could impact on symptomology, quality of life, the complications, the management, economic burden and the mortality of the disease. The importance of comorbidities originates from their impact on the outcome of COPD. The most frequent comorbidities in COPD are cardiovascular, endocrinological, musculoskeletal, phycological disorders and lung cancer. Almost 50% of the COPD patients have 3 or more comorbidities. The recent Global Initiative of Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guideline suggested proactive search and the treatment of the comorbidities. However, there is no certain evidence demonstrating that active treatment of comorbidities improve the outcomes of COPD. However, it is well known that several comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and lung cancer have greater impact on mortality caused by COPD. Several studies have shown that Charlson Comorbidity index or more recenty COPD Specific Comorbidity Index (COTE) has been found to be related with mortality of COPD. This concise review intended to summarize the most frequent comorbidities in association with their impact on COPD.
authors.forename: Neşe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dursunoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. kokturk.nurdan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Köktürk
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baha
authors.forename: Ahmet Kaya
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bilge
authors.forename: Şermin
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Börekçi
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Çiftçi
authors.forename: Makbule
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gezmen Karadağ
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çalık Kütükçü
authors.forename: Ayşın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noyan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polatlı
authors.forename: Zeynep Pınar
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Önen
authors.forename: Sevinç
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarınç
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umut
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uzaslan
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubat Üzüm
authors.forename: Öznur
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Akkoca Yıldız
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D011788:Quality of Life