title: Choroidal metastasis from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.
abstract: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is rare. Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive disease and often spreads hematogenously; however, choroidal metastases are rarely seen. This report detailed an extremely rare case of G-CSF-producing ESCC with choroidal metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6967-3025
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitani
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kindai University Nara Hospital Nara Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
keywords: Case report; chemoradiation therapy; choroidal metastasis; esophageal cancer; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor; leukocytosis