title: RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells.
abstract: Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zerong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shiliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000235:genetics*; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097763:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012794:Sialic Acids; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000097763:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; C507086:MMP14 protein, human