title: Family history is an independent risk factor for the progression of gastric atrophy among patients withHelicobacter pyloriinfection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk factors for progression of gastric atrophy have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the development of atrophic gastritis in patients withHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 206H. pylori-infected patients retrospectively. Endoscopic gastric atrophy was classified into closed- and open-type. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses on the contribution of age, sex, body mass index, past history of cancer, the first-degree family history of gastric cancer, habitual smoking and alcohol drinking, and endoscopic findings of gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer for open-type gastric atrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio = 1.079, 95% confidence interval = 1.048-1.11,p< 0.001), family history of gastric cancer (odds ratio = 3.967, 95% confidence interval = 1.414-10.6,p= 0.006) and duodenal ulcer (odds ratio = 0.834, 95% confidence interval = 0.711-0.977,p= 0.024) were the factors independently associated with open-type gastric atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A first-degree family history of gastric cancer, absence of duodenal ulcer, and old age were independent risk factors for the progression of gastric atrophy amongH. pylori-infected patients. Careful examination with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is necessary in patients with such risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, The Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakitani
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Surgery, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahagi
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
keywords: Atrophic gastritis; H. pylori; duodenal ulcer; family history; gastric cancer