title: Particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure season-dependently induces neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) not only increases the incidence of cardiopulmonary illnesses but also relates to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Considering that PM2.5is highly heterogeneous with regional disparity and seasonal variation, we investigated whether PM2.5exposure induced neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries in a season-dependent manner. The results indicated that PM2.5altered the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (mainly bax and bcl-2), activated caspase-3 and caused neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, PM2.5decreased the levels of synaptic structural protein postsynaptic density (PSD-95) and synaptic functional protein N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit (NR2B) expression. These effects occurred in a season-dependent manner, and PM2.5collected from the winter showed the strongest changes. Furthermore, the effect was coupled with the inhibition of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB). Based on the findings, we analyzed the correlations between the chemical composition of PM2.5samples and the biological effects, and confirmed that winter PM2.5played a major role in causing neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries among different season samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. Electronic address: 380025432@qq.com.
authors.forename: Minjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. Electronic address: sangnan@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Neuronal apoptosis; Particulate matter (PM(2.5)); Season-dependent effect; Synaptic injury