title: Enrichment and distribution of 24 elements within the sub-sieve particle size distribution ranges of fly ash from wastes incinerator plants.
abstract: The management of an increasing amount of municipal waste via incineration has been gaining traction. Fly ash as a by-product of incineration of municipal solid waste is considered a hazardous waste due to the elevated content of various elements. The enrichment and distribution of 24 elements in fly ash from three wastes incinerators were evaluated. Two coarse (>100 μm and <100 μm) and five sub-sieve (12-16, 16-23, 23-34, 34-49, and 49-100 μm) particle size fractions separated on a cyclosizer system were analyzed. An enhancement in the enrichment factor was observed in all samples for the majority of elements in >100 μm range compared with <100 μm range. The enrichment factor of individual elements varied considerably within the samples as well as the sub-sieve particle size ranges. These variations were attributed primarily to: (i) the vaporization and condensation mechanisms, (ii) the different design of incineration plants, (iii) incineration properties, (iv) the type of material being incinerated, and (v) the affinity of elements.
authors.affiliation: ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Institute of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. Electronic address: helena.raclavska@vsb.cz.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raclavská
authors.affiliation: ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. Electronic address: agnieszka.corsaro@vsb.cz.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corsaro
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Energy, 1 Technology Court, 4069 Pullenvale, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: silvie.hartmann@vsb.cz.
authors.forename: Silvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartmann-Koval
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. Electronic address: dagmar.juchlkova@vsb.cz.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juchelková
mesh_terms: D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D017745:Incineration; D010316:Particle Size; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Enrichment; Fly ash; Incineration; Particle size distribution; Wastes