title: High doses of vitamin C plus E reduce strength training-induced improvements in areal bone mineral density in elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistance training is beneficial for maintaining bone mass. We aimed to investigate the skeletal effects of high doses of antioxidants [vitamin C + E (α-tocopherol)] supplementation during 12-week supervised strength training in healthy, elderly men METHODS: Design: double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Participants followed a supervised, undulating periodic exercise program with weekly adjusted load: 3 sessions/week and 3-15 repetitions maximum (RM) sets/exercise. The control group (CG, n = 17, 67 ± 5 years) received placebo and the antioxidant group (AO, n = 16, 70 ± 7 years) 1000 mg vitamin C + 235 mg vitamin E, daily. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at whole body, lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip, and femoral neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength by 1RM. Serum analyses of bone-related factors and adipokines were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CG, total hip aBMD increased by 1.0% (CI: 0.3-1.7) versus pretest and lumbar spine aBMD increased by 0.9% (CI: -0.2 to 2.0) compared to the AO. In the CG, there was an increase in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 [+27.3% (CI: -0.3 to 54.9)] and leptin [+31.2% (CI: 9.8-52.6)) versus pretest, and a decrease in sclerostin [-9.9% (CI: 4.4-15.3)] versus pretest and versus AO. Serum bone formation markers P1NP and osteocalcin increased in both groups, while the bone resorption marker CTX-1 remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High doses of antioxidant supplementations may constrain the favorable skeletal benefits of 12 weeks of resistance exercise in healthy elderly men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. kamilla.stunes@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Astrid Kamilla
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-5199
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Endocrinology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Unni
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Syversen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Sveinung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berntsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.|Norwegian Olympic Sport Center, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Gøran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Tonje H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Stea
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Ken J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hetlelid
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lohne-Seiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Mats Peder
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mosti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bjørnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raastad
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway.|Department of Neuroscience, Division of Rheumatology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haugeberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055070:Resistance Training; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Bone mineral density; Elderly men; Strength training; Vitamin C + E