title: Prevalence and Complications of Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes in Saudi Women: Analysis from Riyadh Mother and Baby Cohort Study (RAHMA).
abstract: The objectives of this study were to estimate the burden of diabetes and to explore the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with pregestational diabetes mellitus (pre-GDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among the Saudi pregnant population. In this subcohort, we compared the maternal and the neonatal outcomes of diabetic women with pre-GDM and GDM to the outcomes of nondiabetic mothers who delivered during the same period. From the total cohort, 9723 women participated in this study. Of the participants, 24.2% had GDM, 4.3% had pre-GDM, and 6951 were nondiabetic. After adjustment for confounders, women with GDM had increased odds of delivering a macrosomic baby (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1). Women with pre-GDM were more likely to deliver by Cesarean section (OR: 1.65; CI: 1.32-2.07) and to have preterm delivery < 37 weeks (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.5-2.8). Neonates of mothers with pre-GDM were at increased risk of being stillbirth (OR: 3.66; CI: 1.98-6.72), at increased risk of admission to NICU (OR: 2.21; CI: 1.5-3.27), and at increased risk for being macrosomic (OR: 2.40; CI: 1.50-3.8). The prevalence of GDM and pre-GDM in the Saudi pregnant population is among the highest in the world. The conditions are associated with high maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortalities.
authors.affiliation: Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hayfaa
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2304-3364
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wahabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fayed
authors.affiliation: Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esmaeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mamdouh
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reham
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1783-4370
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology