title: Amelogenin Gene - The Pioneer in Gender Determination from Forensic Dental Samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the event of any mass fatality incident, DNA analysis plays a vital role in disaster victim identification. Teeth are one of the most resistant structures in the human body that resist decomposition hence making them prime choice for extracting DNA for identification of individuals. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis that target regions of Amelogenin gene have become the method of choice for sex determination of biological samples.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determining the sex of a given DNA sample from either dental pulp or dentin of tooth and help in identification of missing persons and disaster victims.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study 50 teeth samples were studied and they were subjected to various environmental conditions along with freshly extracted teeth taken as control for duration of one month and three months. Pulpal tissue was retrieved from the teeth specimens by access opening of root canals and for incinerated samples, the specimens were crushed. From the DNA that was extracted from the dental pulp sample Amelogenin gene locus was used for sex determination by amplifying a segment of X-Y homologous gene locus through PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA test and t-test proved to be statistically significant and 100% retrieval rate was observed in samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulpal tissue along with degenerating odontoblastic processes yield sufficient amount of DNA for gender determination when subjected to various forensic conditions with maximum accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, R.R. Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Priyanjali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, R.R. Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhosale
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, R.R. Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Rajeshwar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, R.R. Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gubrellay
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, MGVKBH Dental College and Hospital , Nashik, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, R.R. Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Bhumika
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sehdev
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Ajinknya D. Y. Patil Dental School , Pune, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, R.R. Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Tajinder
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bansal
keywords: Forensic odortology; Incineration; Mass fatality; Polymerase chain reaction