title: An abdominal ectopic pregnancy following a frozen-thawed ART cycle: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs in 1% of pregnancies and is reported to be more common in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) pregnancies. An abdominal ectopic pregnancy (AEP) is a rare form of EP, and there are few reports of an AEP after IVF/ICSI. In this case report, a rare case of AEP after frozen-thawed cycle of ICSI is presented.
  
  
  
  After a frozen-thawed cycle of ICSI, the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level at 4 weeks 0 days of gestation was 3.4 IU/L. Subsequent dysfunctional uterine bleeding was mistaken for menstruation; however, an AEP of 9 weeks with a fetal heart beat was observed by ultrasound. After the AEP was observed by ultrasound, it was extracted laparoscopically.
  
  
  
  A rare case of an AEP, which developed after frozen-thawed cycle of ICSI, presented with a very low serum HCG level. Even if the HCG titer is low, follow-up HCG levels and frequent medical examinations are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Yanaihara Women's Clinic, 1-26-29 Ofuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Zip247-0056, Japan. at123y@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanaihara
authors.affiliation: Yanaihara Women's Clinic, 1-26-29 Ofuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Zip247-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Shirei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohgi
authors.affiliation: Yanaihara Women's Clinic, 1-26-29 Ofuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Zip247-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Zip 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Zip 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mogami
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Zip 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Yanaihara Women's Clinic, 1-26-29 Ofuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Zip247-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanaihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011269:Pregnancy, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human
keywords: Abdominal ectopic pregnancy; Case report; HCG; IVF; Laparoscope