title: Cold Resistance of An Ant Camponotus herculeanus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Various Climates in North-East Asia.
abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between cold resistance of widespread invertebrate species and overwintering temperatures has not been studied; however, this knowledge could have high prognostic value.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using an ant species Camponotus herculeanus to investigate whether there is a relationship between cold resistance and overwintering temperatures in two climatically distinct regions (coastal and continental).
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined seasonal changes in SCP and LТ for overwintering ant stages, as well as winter temperatures in the nests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the watershed of Upper Kolyma River (Aborigen field station), minimal temperature in the nests dropped to -26С. Average SCP of the ants was -40С, and LТ was -37С. At the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (Magadan) the minimum in the nest was -14С, SCP was -19C to -27С and LТ was -32С.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established a relationship between cold tolerance and overwintering conditions for geographically separate populations in the two areas with different climatic regimes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zhigulskava
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia. aborigen@ibpn.ru.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Leirikh
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000502:physiology*; D001208:Asia; D003080:Cold Temperature; D012621:Seasons