title: Next-Generation Surgical Navigation Systems in Sinus and Skull Base Surgery.
abstract: Over the past 25 years, rhinologists have adopted surgical navigation technology for endoscopic sinus and skull base procedures. Navigation systems often produce a wide target registration error (TRE). Ideally, next-generation systems will include a leap in target registration error reduce TRE through innovative hardware and software. Incorporation of microsensors will be another important innovation. Future systems are likely to include augmented reality, which can project overlays of critical anatomy on real-world endoscopic images. Recent trends in surgical navigation suggest a phase of rapid evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 5.036, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: martin.j.citardi@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Citardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 5.036, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 5.036, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luong
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Augmented reality; Computer-aided surgery; Endoscopic sinus surgery; Microsensors; Surgical navigation