title: Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Toxic Activities of Propolis from Two Native Bees in Brazil:Scaptotrigona depilisandMelipona quadrifasciata anthidioides.
abstract: Propolis is a natural mixture of compounds produced by various bee species, including stingless bees. This compound has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents as well as the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and toxic activities of ethanol extracts of propolis obtained from the stingless beesScaptotrigona depilisandMelipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, which are found in Brazil. Phytosterols, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and tocopherol were identified in the ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) in different concentrations. The compounds stigmasterol, taraxasterol, vanilic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were found only in EEP-M. The EEPs were able to scavenge the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and protected human erythrocytes against lipid peroxidation, with the latter effect being demonstrated by their antihemolytic activity and inhibition of malondialdehyde formation. The EEPs showed cytotoxic activity against erythroleukemic cells and necrosis was the main mechanism of death observed. In addition, the concentrations at which the EEPs were cytotoxic were not toxic againstCaenorhabditis elegans. In this context, it is concluded that EEP-S and EEP-M show antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and are promising bioactive mixtures for the control of diseases associated with oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaliny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bonamigo
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Ferreira
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamaeh Monteiro
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Alfredo
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Benedito Perrella
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Balestieri
authors.affiliation: Course of Chemistry, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Andrea Lima
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar Julian
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paredes-Gamero
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kely
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Picoli Souza
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Lucas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6557-7914
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001516:Bees / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D001938:Brazil; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D020014:K562 Cells; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000975:Antioxidants; D000431:Ethanol; D011429:Propolis