title: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression.
abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of an interactive media-based, computer-delivered depression treatment program (imbPST) compared to a no-treatment control condition (NTC) in a parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial conducted in an outpatient psychiatric research clinic. 45 adult participants with major depressive disorder or dysthymia were randomized to receive either 6 weekly sessions of imbPST or no treatment (No Treatment Control; NTC). The primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). There was a significant Group x Time interaction effect [F (1.73, 43)= 58.78; p<.001; η2=.58, Cohens d=1.94], such that the patients receiving imbPST had a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms compared to the patients in the NTC condition. Participants in the imbPST group improved their depression symptoms significantly from moderate (BDI-II=21.9±4.20) to mild levels of depression (BDI-II=17.9±4.0) after receiving 3 weekly sessions of imbPST (p<0.001), and progressed to still milder levels of depression after six weekly sessions (BDI-II=14.5±3.7, p<0.001). NTC participants showed no significant reduction in BDI-II scores (BDI-II=21.8±4.2 pre, BDI-II=21.5±5.2 post, N.S.). Additionally, 40% of the imbPST group showed a clinically significant and reliable change in depression levels while none of the NTC group met this criterion. imbPST participants rated the program highly usable on the system usability scale (SUS) after the first session (SUS Session 1=74.6±7.2) and usability scores increased significantly by the last session (SUS Session 6=85.4±5.6). We conclude that imbPST is an effective, engaging, and easily used depression treatment program that warrants further evaluation with heterogeneous depressed populations in a stand-alone, self-administered fashion.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School. Electronic address: lsandova@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
authors.forename: Jay C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Buckey
authors.affiliation: University of Texas.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ainslie
authors.affiliation: University of Texas.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tombari
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: computer-based therapy; depression; problem solving therapy; randomized controlled trial