title: Long-term neuromuscular outcomes of west nile virus infection: A clinical and electromyographic evaluation of patients with a history of infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuromuscular clinical manifestations during acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection are well documented; however, long-term neurologic outcomes still require investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a long-term follow-up study in patients with history of WNV infection. Of the 117 patients who participated in neurologic and neurocognitive evaluations, 30 were referred for neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic evaluation based on abnormal findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 33% of these patients (10 of 30) showed abnormalities on nerve conduction and/or needle electromyography due to primary or secondary outcomes of WNV infection. Most common electrodiagnostic findings and causes of long-term disability were related to anterior horn cell poliomyelitis (WNV poliomyelitis). Electrical data on these patient populations were similar to those observed in chronic poliomyelitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With more than 16,000 cases of WNV neuroinvasive disease reported across the USA since 1999, understanding clinical outcomes from infection will provide a resource for physicians managing long-term care of these patients. Muscle Nerve 57: 77-82, 2018.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Athar
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasbun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 320, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Lucrecia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 320, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Kristy O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: CMAPs; SNAPs; West Nile virus; denervation; electromyography