title: Exosome: emerging biomarker in breast cancer.
abstract: Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by a variety of cell types, and are thought to play important roles in intercellular communications. In breast cancer, through horizontal transfer of various bioactive molecules, such as proteins and mRNAs, exosomes are emerging as local and systemic cell-to-cell mediators of oncogenic information and play an important role on cancer progression. This review outlines the current knowledge and concepts concerning the exosomes involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis (including tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune system modulation and tumor microenvironment) and cancer therapy resistance. Moreover, the potential use of exosomes as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in breast cancer are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yunlu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yongxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Qinchuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Ushani
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jayasinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hanchu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wenxian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Linbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wenhe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jichun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004351:Drug Resistance; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: breast cancer; cancer therapy; drug resistance; exosome; metastasis