title: Menopause and Rheumatic Disease.
abstract: Menopause occurs naturally in women at about 50 years of age. There is a wealth of data concerning the relationship of menopause to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis; there are limited data concerning other rheumatic diseases. Age at menopause may affect the risk and course of rheumatic diseases. Osteoporosis, an integral part of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, is made worse by menopause. Hormone replacement therapy has been studied; its effects vary depending on the disease and even different manifestations within the same disease. Cyclophosphamide can induce early menopause, but there is underlying decreased ovarian reserve in rheumatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1000 Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Mitali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talsania
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1000 Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, MS 24, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 920 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: hal-scofield@omrf.ouhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Robert Hal
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Scofield
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008593:Menopause; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Menopause; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Systemic lupus erythematosus