title: Creatinine generation from kinetic modeling with or without postdialysis serum creatinine measurement: results from the HEMO study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A convenient method to estimate the creatinine generation rate and measures of creatinine clearance in hemodialysis patients using formal kinetic modeling and standard pre- and postdialysis blood samples has not been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from 366 dialysis sessions characterized during follow-up month 4 of the HEMO study, during which cross-dialyzer clearances for both urea and creatinine were available. Blood samples taken at 1 h into dialysis and 30 min and 60 min after dialysis were used to determine how well a two-pool kinetic model could predict creatinine concentrations and other kinetic parameters, including the creatinine generation rate. An extrarenal creatinine clearance of 0.038 l/kg/24 h was included in the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diffusive cross-dialyzer clearances of urea [230 (SD 37 mL/min] correlated well (R2 = 0.78) with creatinine clearances [164 (SD 30) mL/min]. When the effective diffusion volume flow rate was set at 0.791 times the blood flow rate for the cross-dialyzer clearance measurements at 1 h into dialysis, the mean calculated volume of creatinine distribution averaged 29.6 (SD 7.2) L], compared with 31.6 (SD 7.0) L for urea (P < 0.01). The modeled creatinine generation rate [1183 (SD 463) mg/day] averaged 100.1 % (SD 29; median 99.3) of that predicted in nondialysis patients by an anthropometric equation. A simplified method for modeling the creatinine generation rate using the urea distribution volume and urea dialyzer clearance without use of the postdialysis serum creatinine measurement gave results for creatinine generation rate [1187 (SD 475) mg/day; that closely matched the value calculated using the formally modeled value, R2 = 0.971].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis confirms previous findings of similar distribution volumes for creatinine and urea. After taking extra-renal clearance into consideration, the creatinine generation rate in dialysis patients is similar to that in nondialysis patients. A simplified method based on urea clearance and urea distribution volume not requiring a postdialysis serum creatinine measurement can be used to yield creatinine generation rates that closely match those determined from standard modeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Daugirdas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Depner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: creatinine; dialysis adequacy; dialysis dose; hemodialysis; nutrition