title: Basal cell carcinoma: CD56 and cytokeratin 5/6 staining patterns in the differential diagnosis with Merkel cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can resemble Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) on histopathological examination and while CK20 is a useful marker in this differential, it is occasionally negative in MCC. CD56, a sensitive marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, is sometimes used to identify MCC, but has been reportedly variably positive in BCC as well. In contrast, CK5/6 consistently labels BCC but is not expressed in neuroendocrine tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 20 cases of BCC for the pattern of CD56 and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) staining, hypothesizing that these 2 stains could differentiate BCC from MCC in difficult cases. Seventeen cases of MCC previously stained with CD56 were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All BCCs showed patchy expression of CD56 except for 2 cases, which showed staining of greater than 70% of tumor. CK5/6 was diffusely positive in all cases of BCC. Fifteen of 17 MCCs were diffusely positive for CD56. The difference in the pattern of CD56 expression between MCC and BCC (diffuse vs patchy, respectively) was statistically significant (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCC typically shows patchy CD56 expression and diffuse CK5/6 positivity. These 2 markers can be used to distinguish between BCC and MCC in challenging cases.
authors.affiliation: Dermatopathology Division, Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Gauri
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-3490
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panse
authors.affiliation: Dermatopathology Division, Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McNiff
authors.affiliation: Dermatopathology Division, Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Christine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015266:Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053555:Keratin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D053555:Keratin-5; D053553:Keratin-6; C522918:NCAM1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: CD56; CK5/6; Merkel cell carcinoma; basal cell carcinoma