title: Benign prostatic enlargement can be influenced by metabolic profile: results of a multicenter prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In last years Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been closely associated to Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE) Aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of MetS and each single MetS parameter on prostate growth in men surgically treated for BPE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 379 men were prospectively enrolled in two tertiary referral centers. Calculated prostate volume (PV) was measured with transrectal US defining the antero-posterior (AP), the cranio-caudal (CC) and the latero-lateral (LL) diameters through the ellipsoid formula, while raw PV was calculated by suprapubic US. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred and forty men (36.9%) were affected by MetS. The number of MetS parameters (0 to 5) and the presence of MetS were correlated with the calculated PV. The number of MetS parameters were also directly related to increasing prostate diameters. At the binary logistic regression, MetS resulted associated to high (>60 cc) raw and calculated PV. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that AP diameter was mainly correlated with HDL cholesterol (r:-0.3103, p = 0.002) CC diameter with triglycerides (r:-0.191, p = 0.050) and LL diameter with systolic blood pressure (r:0.154, p = 0.044). However, at the binary logistic regression, only low HDL Cholesterol was the main determinant for the enlargement of all diameters and consequently of the whole PV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic factors, specially dyslipidemia, could play a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of BPE/LUTS. Interventional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of early treatment of dyslipidemia on progression of LUTS/BPH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy. maurogacci@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Arcangelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebastianelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Nunzio
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vignozzi
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chini
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio Ivan
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carini
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Benign prostatic enlargement; Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Dyslipidemia; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Metabolic syndrome