title: CD28 biomarker quantification and expression level profiles in CD4+T-lymphocytes in solid organ transplantation.
abstract: The introduction of anti-calcineurin-based therapies has led to an increase in the one-year survival as well as graft function rates in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT). Nonetheless, early cellular acute rejection (EAR) incidence still remains a major challenge that irrevocably heads to poor outcomes. The mechanisms underlying CD4 T cell activation in SOT are still under research. In this sense, CD28 co-stimulatory molecule plays a pivotal role triggering CD4 T cell activation as well as survival maintenance. Previous own studies stated the role that CD4+CD28+circulating T lymphocytes plays before and during EAR episodes. We assessed the percentage as well as the absolute number of CD28 molecules on CD4+T cells as predictive surrogate biomarker of EAR in a prospective cohort of liver and kidney transplant recipients. Quantitative analysis of CD28 was carried out on whole peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry. Decreased pre-transplant expression of CD28 was associated with EAR in both study groups. Furthermore, the expression of CD28 within the rejected group, experimented an up-regulation upon transplantation. These preliminary results suggest that patients undergoing liver or kidney transplant can be stratified at high risk of EAR according to their CD28 molecule expression on peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boix
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bolarín
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mrowiec
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eguía
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Galian
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moya-Quiles
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Legaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Bueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minguela
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Llorente
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Clinical University Hospital 'Virgen Arrixaca' - IMIB (Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation), Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: manuel.muro@carm.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muro
mesh_terms: D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens
keywords: CD28; CD4 T lymphocytes; Early acute rejection; Kidney transplantation; Liver transplantation