title: Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. At the same time, it is now understood that diet plays a significant role in shaping the microbiome, with experiments showing that dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be significant therapeutic utility in altering microbial composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding the effects of several common dietary components on intestinal microbiota. We show that consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, the identity of these bacteria affects host immune and metabolic parameters, with broad implications for human health. Familiarity with these associations will be of tremendous use to the practitioner as well as the patient.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Rasnik K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Hsin-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ucmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrouk
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farahnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Mio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Tian Hao
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhutani
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St. Room N431, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA. wilson.liao@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7883-6439
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Diet; Health; Metabolism; Microbiome; Microbiota; Nutrition