title: Missed opportunities: unidentified genetic risk factors in prenatal care.
abstract: Prenatal and preconception care guidelines recommend obtaining family history to screen for reproductive genetic risk. The effectiveness of this screening and subsequent referral for genetic counseling is not well established. This study describes how often pregnant women with reproductive genetic risks were not referred for prenatal genetic counseling and the indications frequently missed.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed genetic consultation medical records for first-trimester screen pretest counseling. These women had no documented indications for genetic counseling. We used the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics referral guidelines for genetic counseling to identify missed indications within the parents' personal and family histories. Patients with advanced maternal age were excluded.
  
  
  
  We reviewed 416 consultation notes. The counselor elicited a genetic risk for which a referral had not been made in 27% of the pregnant women. Of these, 70% were genetic risks in the family history, 23% in the couple's history, and 7% in the prenatal history. The most common missed indications were personal or family history of birth defects (38%), intellectual disability or autism (19%), and a prior positive genetic carrier screening test (14%).
  
  
  
  Genetic risk factors are not consistently identified as a referral indication for reproductive genetic counseling. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Trissa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McClatchey
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7568-2737
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.|Texas Children's Hospital, Pavilion for Women, 6651 Main St., Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strassberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.|Texas Children's Hospital, Pavilion for Women, 6651 Main St., Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ignatia B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Van den Veyver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult