title: Systemic iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.
abstract: Iron is an essential nutrient that is potentially toxic due to its redox reactivity. Insufficient iron supply to erythroid cells, the major iron consumers in the body, leads to various forms of anemia. On the other hand, iron overload (hemochromatosis) is associated with tissue damage and diseases of liver, pancreas, and heart. Physiological iron balance is tightly controlled at the cellular and systemic level by iron regulatory proteins (IRP1, IRP2) and the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, respectively. Underlying mechanisms often intersect to achieve optimal iron utilization, to control immune responses, and to prevent iron toxicity. This review focuses on systemic iron homeostasis in the context of erythropoiesis, a highly iron-demanding process. We discuss the function and regulation of hepcidin by various stimuli, and highlight hepcidin-dependent and -independent mechanisms that link iron utilization with maturation of erythroid progenitor cells. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(6):399-413, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopion University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
authors.affiliation: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pantopoulos
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015672:Erythroid Precursor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D035941:Iron Regulatory Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035942:Iron Regulatory Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000098742:Ferroportin
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; D000098742:Ferroportin; D007501:Iron; C546175:ACO1 protein, human; C546174:IREB2 protein, human; D035941:Iron Regulatory Protein 1; D035942:Iron Regulatory Protein 2
keywords: IRP1; IRP2; erythroferrone; erythropoietin; ferroportin; hepcidin; hypoxia; iron; transferrin receptor