title: Virtual Reality and Medical Inpatients: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Controlled Trials.
abstract: Objective:We evaluated the evidence supporting the use of virtual reality among patients in acute inpatient medical settings.Method:We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials conducted that examined virtual reality applications in inpatient medical settings between 2005 and 2015. We used PsycINFO, PubMed, and Medline databases to identify studies using the keywordsvirtual reality,VR therapy,treatment, andinpatient.Results:We identified 2,024 citations, among which 11 met criteria for inclusion. Studies addressed three general areas: pain management, eating disorders, and cognitive and motor rehabilitation. Studies were small and heterogeneous and utilized different designs and measures. Virtual reality was generally well tolerated by patients, and a majority of studies demonstrated clinical efficacy. Studies varied in quality, as measured by an evaluation metric developed by Reisch, Tyson, and Mize (average quality score=0.87; range=0.78-0.96).Conclusion:Virtual reality is a promising intervention with several potential applications in the inpatient medical setting. Studies to date demonstrate some efficacy, but there is a need for larger, well-controlled studies to show clinical and cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dascal
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Waguih William
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: IsHak
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Brennan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Recacho
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences in Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Itai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Danovitch
keywords: eating disorders; inpatients; pain management; rehabilitation; treatment efficacy; virtual reality