title: Effectiveness of Hip External Rotator Strengthening Exercise in Korean Postural Bowleg Women.
abstract: Postural bowleg is a subclinical entity with both aesthetic and functional outcomes and appears to be common in East Asian countries. Internal rotation of the hip joint is associated with varus alignment at the knee joint of the bowleg. Strengthening exercise for the hip external rotator muscles seems to be effective in improving varus alignment of bowleg, but no standardized exercise program exists. A standardized active resistance strengthening exercise for hip external rotator muscles could improve varus alignment of the lower limb in bowlegged Korean women. In this article, a case series study was conducted to observe changes following a standardized 3-month program using equipment designed for strengthening of the hip external rotator muscles. Photogrammetric and radiographic data were used to compare the gap between knees and tibiofemoral (TF) angles before and after the exercise program. As a result, on average, the knee gap decreased by 1.6 cm. The TF angle decreased by 1.5°. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between changes in knee gap and TF angle. The standardized 3-month active resistance strengthening exercise program of hip external rotator muscles was effective in improving postural deviation and cosmetic outcomes in bowlegged Korean women.
  
  
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authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singillo, Yongdeongpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singillo, Yongdeongpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singillo, Yongdeongpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: TN Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singillo, Yongdeongpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singillo, Yongdeongpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea. sismdps@hallym.or.kr.
authors.forename: In Suck
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-4031
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D056305:Genu Varum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006621:Hip Joint; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hip external rotator; Postural bowleg; Resistive strengthening; Varus alignment