title: A review of potential bluetongue virus vaccine strategies.
abstract: Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-zoonotic arboviral disease of certain wild and domestic species of cloven-hooved ungulates. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent and the occurrence of BTV infection is distinctly seasonal in temperate regions of the world, and dependent on the presence of vector biting midges (e.g. Culicoides sonorensis in much of North America). In recent years, severe outbreaks have occurred throughout Europe and BTV is endemic in most tropical and temperate regions of the world. Several vaccines have been licensed for commercial use, including modified live (live-attenuated) and inactivated products, and this review summarizes recent strategies developed for BTV vaccines with emphasis on technologies suitable for differentiating naturally infected from vaccinated animals. The goal of this review is to evaluate realistic vaccine strategies that might be utilized to control or prevent future outbreaks of BT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States. Electronic address: Christie.Mayo@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Christie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopanke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: N James
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: MacLachlan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000276:immunology*; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D012756:Sheep; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Bluetongue virus vaccine; Novel vaccine platforms