title: Validation and Factor Structure of the French-Language Version of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ).
abstract: The concept of Emotional Eating (EE) is increasingly considered to be implicated in overeating and obesity, and in different subtypes of eating disorders. Among the self-report questionnaires assessing EE, the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) includes recent advances in this area: it evaluates a broad range of emotions and situations both positive and negative, and the way they modulate food intake (decrease, stability, or increase). The main objective of our study was to further investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the EMAQ in a large sample of students. Participants completed the EMAQ (n= 679), the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) (n= 75) and the CIDI-eating disorders screening (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) (n= 604). Factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the EMAQ were tested. Factorial analyses supported a two-factor (Positive and Negative) structure. The internal consistency indices were satisfactory and results suggest good test-retest reliability for the scale. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed from the significant correlations observed between the EMAQ scores and the DEBQ-EE subscale scores. Regarding associations with weight, whereas EMAQ negative scores were positively correlated with BMI, EMAQ positive scores were negatively correlated with BMI. Finally, EMAQ scores differed significantly depending on gender and risk for bulimia nervosa. This study supports the validity and the reliability of the EMAQ, which appears to be a promising instrument to better understand individual differences that could modulate food intake.
authors.affiliation: EA 4430, CLIPSYD, University Paris Nanterre Nanterre, France.
authors.forename: Léna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bourdier
authors.affiliation: EA 7334 (REMES), Paris Sorbonne Cité, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, University Paris DiderotParis, France; Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, URC ECOParis, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lalanne
authors.affiliation: EA 4430, CLIPSYD, University Paris NanterreNanterre, France; INSERM U894 CPN, LPMP, SHU, Centre Hospitalier Sainte AnneParis, France.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morvan
authors.affiliation: EA 4430, CLIPSYD, University Paris NanterreNanterre, France; EA2931 CERSM, UFR-STAPS, University Paris NanterreNanterre, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: EA 4430, CLIPSYD, University Paris NanterreNanterre, France; INSERM U894 CPN, CMME Centre Hospitalier Sainte AnneParis, France.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romo
authors.affiliation: CESP, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, University Paris-SaclayVillejuif, France; Psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berthoz
keywords: Body Mass Index; bulimia nervosa; emotional eating; scale validity; students