title: The Development of Sensor Applications in the Sectors of Energy and Environment in Italy, 1976-2015.
abstract: Although sensor technologies have been developing quite similarly all over the world, the investigation of their applications has been more affected by the specific industrial and economic characteristics of each country. This paper aims to investigate the development of applications based on sensor devices in the sectors of energy and the environment, in Italy, throughout the last forty years (1976-2015), examining the most relevant papers published by Italian R &amp; D groups working in this field. Italy depends on foreign imports for more than 80% of its primary energy needs, and this has directed the research effort on the development of sensor applications both to improve load shaping and consumers' awareness and to develop specific equipment to maximize renewable energy production. Similarly, for the environment sector, there are increasing efforts to develop solutions to support a more and more capillary control of the environment itself using a cooperative approach. In both the sectors it seems that the solutions proposed can help to relieve the structural problems that Italy suffers and that the scientific and technical results obtained so far also have significant international relevance.
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), P.le E. Fermi 1, Napoli 80055, Italy. girolamo.difrancia@enea.it.
authors.forename: Girolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Francia
keywords: WSN; e-nose; e-tongue; energy; environment; sensor; smart-meter