title: Identification of Ellagic Acid Rhamnoside as a Bioactive Component of a Complex Botanical Extract with Anti-biofilm Activity.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureusis a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. It is listed among the top "serious threats" to human health in the USA, due in large part to rising rates of resistance. ManyS. aureusinfections are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy due to their ability to form a biofilm, which acts not only as a physical barrier to antibiotics and the immune system, but results in differences in metabolism that further restricts antibiotic efficacy. Development of a modular strategy to synthesize a library of phenolic glycosides allowed for bioactivity testing and identification of anti-biofilm compounds within an extract of the elmleaf blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius). Two ellagic acid (EA) derivatives, EA xyloside and EA rhamnoside, have been identified as components of theRubusextract. In addition, EA rhamnoside has been identified as an inhibitor of biofilm formation, with activity comparable to the complex extract 220D-F2 (composed of a mixture of EA glycosides), and confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lyles
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Parth B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jariwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GA, USA; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Cassandra L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Quave
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Weinert
keywords: Rubus ulmifolius; Staphylococcus aureus; biofilm; ellagic acid; natural products