title: Species Identification and Resistance Status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Guinea.
abstract: Insecticide resistance is one of the primary threats to the recent gains in malaria control. This is especially true in Guinea, where long-lasting insecticidal nets are currently the primary vector control intervention. To better inform the national malaria control program on the current status of insecticide resistance in Guinea, resistance bioassays were conducted, using Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles, in three sites. Molecular analyses were also done on An. gambiae s.l. to determine the species and find whether the target-site mutations kdr and Ace1R were present. Susceptibility tests revealed resistance to DDT and pyrethroids, although mosquitoes were susceptible to deltamethrin in two of the three sites tested. Mosquitoes were susceptible to bendiocarb, except in Kissidougou, Guinea. The kdr-west mutation was widespread and the frequency was 60% or more in all sites. However, the Ace1R mutation was present in low levels. Insecticide susceptibility should continue to be monitored in Guinea to ensure insecticide-based vector control methods remain effective.
authors.affiliation: Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea (kalil_keita@yahoo.fr; denkacamara@yahoo.fr; barryyaya66@yahoo.fr; gui_timothee@yahoo.fr; msskeita@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keita
authors.affiliation: Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea (kalil_keita@yahoo.fr; denkacamara@yahoo.fr; barryyaya66@yahoo.fr; gui_timothee@yahoo.fr; msskeita@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.affiliation: Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea (kalil_keita@yahoo.fr; denkacamara@yahoo.fr; barryyaya66@yahoo.fr; gui_timothee@yahoo.fr; msskeita@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, 06?BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin (ossraz@yahoo.fr; akogbetom@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ossè
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea (sylladelooskassa42@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sylla
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schopp
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, 06?BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin (ossraz@yahoo.fr; akogbetom@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akogbéto
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dotson
authors.affiliation: Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea (kalil_keita@yahoo.fr; denkacamara@yahoo.fr; barryyaya66@yahoo.fr; gui_timothee@yahoo.fr; msskeita@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guilavogui
authors.affiliation: Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, BP. 595, Conakry, Guinea (kalil_keita@yahoo.fr; denkacamara@yahoo.fr; barryyaya66@yahoo.fr; gui_timothee@yahoo.fr; msskeita@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keita
authors.affiliation: Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 (ynx2@cdc.gov; ysd7@cdc.gov; xhn4@cdc.gov; kmo9@cdc.gov; geg7@cdc.gov; ebd6@cdc.gov; sirish@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Irish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D016701:Guinea; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009032:Mosquito Control
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Ace1R; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles gambiae; Guinea; kdr