title: Effects of Gnaphalium affine D. Don on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Gnaphalium affine D. Don is used in China as a folk medicine to treat gout, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the extract of G. affine to treat hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis in animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  G. affine extract was evaluated in an experimental model with potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemia in mice which was used to evaluate anti-hyperuricemia activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition. Therapies for acute gouty arthritis was also investigated on monosodium urate (MSU) crystal induced paw edema model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G. affine extract showed expressive results on active in reducing serum uric acid (Sur) through effect renal mGLUT9 and mURAT1 mainly and inhibit XO activity in vivo. The extract of G. affine also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the paw swelling on MSU crystal-induced paw edema model. Meanwhile, eight major compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extract of G. affine showed significant effect on evaluated models and therefore may be active agents for the treatment of hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Jian
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy department, Ankang people's Hospital, Jiangbei Road, Ankang 725000, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling-Nan
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Qin-Qin
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Pei-Gang
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210005, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China. Electronic address: huyijuan604@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D036622:Gnaphalium / Q000737:chemistry*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014527:Uric Acid; C489337:potassium oxonate; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: Acute gouty arthritis; Gnaphalium affine D. Don; Hyperuricemia; Proinflammatory cytokines; Xanthine oxidase; mGLUT9; mURAT1