title: The Boston keratoprosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Boston keratoprosthesis (BKPro) is often the only hope for visual rehabilitation in severe corneal disease. Since Food and Drug Administration approval of the device in 1992, there have been a series of advances in its design, surgical techniques, and postoperative care, which have widened its applicability and decreased associated complications. The purpose of this review is to highlight the indications, management, outcomes, and advances in the BKPro literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With more surgeons reporting long-term data, it is evident that modifications to the device and perioperative care have led to higher rates of device retention and improved visual outcomes. Recent data also suggest that BKPro may be superior to traditional corneal transplant in the setting of a previously failed graft. There may be advantages to implantation of the device earlier in the course of some diseases without an increased risk of postoperative complications. Devices to reliably measure intraocular pressure and imaging modalities to provide improved visualization of intraocular structures have the potential to further improve outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current indications for implantation of the BKPro have broadened. Initially considered a surgery of last resort, the clinical indications for use of the BKPro continue to grow. Early detection and management of postoperative complications can mitigate vision loss and improve outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Hajirah N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Swapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chodosh
mesh_terms: D001187:Artificial Organs; D001766:Blindness / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003315:Cornea; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods