title: Extracellular vesicles - A promising avenue for the detection and treatment of infectious diseases?
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing attention as novel disease biomarkers and as promising therapeutic agents. These cell-derived, phospholipid-based particles are present in many - if not all - physiological fluids. They have been shown to govern several physiological processes, such as cell-cell communication, but also to be involved in pathological conditions, for example tumour progression. In infectious diseases, EVs have been shown to induce host immune responses and to mediate transfer of virulence or resistance factors. Here, we discuss recent developments in using EVs as diagnostic tools for infectious diseases, the development of EV-based vaccines and the use of EVs as potential anti-infective entity. We illustrate how EV-based strategies could open a viable new avenue to tackle current challenges in the field of infections, including barrier penetration and growing resistance to antimicrobials.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. Electronic address: gregor.fuhrmann@helmholtz-hzi.de.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuhrmann
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Neuer
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Inge K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Biosensing; Drug therapy; Exosomes; Immune response