title: Characteristics of PR interval as predictor for atrial fibrillation: association with biomarkers and outcomes.
abstract: The PR interval may be considered as a simple and easily obtainable predictor for adverse events, including atrial fibrillation (AF), pacemaker implantation, and mortality. Interestingly, both high and low extremes of the PR duration are associated with AF risk. However, the results regarding PR prolongation as a risk factor for AF are inconsistent. Some studies have analyzed the impact of P duration (as a part of the PR interval) and demonstrated that the P-duration contributes to the length of PR interval and adverse outcomes. The PR prolongation could be considered as a marker for cardiovascular degenerative aging caused by myocardial fibrosis and vascular inflammation. Furthermore, due to PR prolongation chronically raised intra-atrial pressure and consequential neuro-hormonal activation predispose systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction and explain the associations with adverse vascular events. In this review, we discuss the association between biomarkers with PR interval in AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, HELIOS Kliniken GmbH, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, HELIOS Kliniken GmbH, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dagres
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, HELIOS Kliniken GmbH, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, HELIOS Kliniken GmbH, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husser
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, HELIOS Kliniken GmbH, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, HELIOS Kliniken GmbH, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany. jelena.kornej@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-1145
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornej
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D014943:Global Health; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
keywords: AF incidence; Atrial fibrillation; Biomarkers; P wave morphology; PR prolongation