title: Performance Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaics under Indoor Lighting.
abstract: Indoor utilization of emerging photovoltaics is promising; however, efficiency characterization under room lighting is challenging. We report the first round-robin interlaboratory study of performance measurement for dye-sensitized photovoltaics (cells and mini-modules) and one silicon solar cell under a fluorescent dim light. Among 15 research groups, the relative deviation in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the samples reaches an unprecedented 152%. On the basis of the comprehensive results, the gap between photometry and radiometry measurements and the response of devices to the dim illumination are identified as critical obstacles to the correct PCE. Therefore, we use an illuminometer as a prime standard with a spectroradiometer to quantify the intensity of indoor lighting and adopt the reverse-biased current-voltage (I-V) characteristics as an indicator to qualify the I-V sampling time for dye-sensitized photovoltaics. The recommendations can brighten the prospects of emerging photovoltaics for indoor applications.
authors.forename: Chia-Yuan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-4076
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zih-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.forename: Shih-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kun-Mu
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Nano Device Laboratories, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsuan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: National Nano Device Laboratories, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chang-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Nano Device Laboratories, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jia-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , Nantou 54561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chin-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , Nantou 54561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chiung-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , Nantou 54561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Bo-Zhi
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , Nantou 54561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ching-Yao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-5244
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ting-Kuang
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-3974
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-6086
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ming-De
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yung-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Po-Ting
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wen-Ti
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Tahsin J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7853
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiang-Hao
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yuh-Lang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Miao-Syuan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jia-De
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Kuo-Chuan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yu-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hao-Wu
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council , Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chia-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council , Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council , Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Cheng-Si
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Yu-Chien
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Tzu-Chien
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-8275
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chun-Guey
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-5602
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wu