title: Clinical comparison of the efficacy of three different bowel preparation methods on the infectious complications following transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy in nursing practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of three different bowel preparation methods on the incidence of infectious complications in patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The standard bowel preparation protocol for prostate biopsy has not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study in a single centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2013-December 2015, the clinical records of 1,130 patients who underwent prostate biopsy were, respectively, reviewed. All the patients received metronidazole prophylaxis before biopsy. The patients were divided into three groups according to the bowel preparation methods: patients in Group A (n = 402) received only soapy enema; patients in Group B (n = 413) received polyethylene glycol; while patients in Group C (n = 315) received polyethylene glycol plus povidone-iodine enema. Infectious complications were classified as fever (>37.5°C), urinary tract infection and sepsis. The postoperative adverse events were also observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall postbiopsy infectious complications were observed in 48 (4.25%) patients of all the cases, including 23 (5.72%) cases in Group A, 20 (4.84%) cases in Group B and five patients (1.59%) in Group C. There was significant difference among the groups (p = .018). In detail, these infectious complications included 22 (1.95%) cases of fever and 26 (2.30%) cases of urinary tract infection. No sepsis was observed among the total patients. The incidence of adverse events was 14.43% (58/402) occurred in Group A, 25.91% (107/413) in Group B and 26.67% (84/315) in Group C. The difference was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed that combined preparation regimens of polyethylene glycol with povidone-iodine enema could significantly reduce the postbiopsy infection rate. Conventional soapy enema is associated with less adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of this study provide useful evidence-based information for healthcare professionals. The application of combined preparation regimens of polyethylene glycol with povidone-iodine enema resulted in better improvement in the prevention of postbiopsy infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Si-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Cun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8554-5410
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002400:Cathartics; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011206:Povidone-Iodine
keywords: bowel preparation; infectious complications; polyethylene glycol; povidone-iodine; prostate biopsy; prostate cancer; rectal enema