title: Evaluation of the antifungal effect of EDTA, a metal chelator agent, on Candida albicans biofilm.
abstract: Candida albicans biofilm is frequently found on artificial surfaces and the infections related to biofilm are difficult to eliminate, as they require the removal of artificial devices and treatment with antifungal drugs. Nowadays, fungal growth in biofilms is difficult to eradicate with conventional antifungal drugs such as fluconazole. Among chelating agents, disodium salt-Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is known to have antifungal activity. In this study, we examined the in vitro activity of the EDTA and the antifungal drug fluconazole against C. albicans mature biofilm.
  
  
  
  C. albicans ATCC 20191, fluconazole-susceptible strain, was grown at an inoculum starter of 1 x 106 cells/ml for 72 h in 24-well microtiter plates and was further treated for 24 h with EDTA and/or fluconazole. Antifungal activities in biofilms were expressed as reduction in optical density (OD) determined by a 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) colorimetric assay and compared to untreated biofilms.
  
  
  
  Colorimetric readings revealed that EDTA alone (at 25 and 2.5 mM) significantly reduced fungal metabolic activity in preformed biofilms. Also, EDTA combined with fluconazole significantly reduced the growth of biofilm when compared to biofilm treated with fluconazole alone (at 25 and 2.5 µg/ml).
  
  
  
  Our data suggest that the employment of EDTA or other chemicals destabilizers of the biofilm matrix, in combination with antifungal drugs, could lead to the development of new strategies for the management of infections associated to Candida biofilm. Another relevant result of our study suggests that the initial cell concentration, probably through mechanisms of quorum sensing, affects the cellular viability during the process of biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Microbiology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. casalinuovo@med.uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Casalinuovo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorge
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002614:Chelating Agents; D015725:Fluconazole; D004492:Edetic Acid