title: Maternal-Fetal Transmission of Zika Virus: Routes and Signals for Infection.
abstract: The emerging mosquito-borne virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), has been causally associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including miscarriage, microcephaly, serious brain abnormalities, and other birth defects indicative of a congenital ZIKV syndrome. In this review, we highlight work from human and animal studies on routes of infection in pregnancy that lead to adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. A number of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and signaling molecules that may have key roles in ZIKV infection pathogenesis are discussed along with putative viral entry pathways. A more granular understanding of pathogenesis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy is critical for developing therapeutics and vaccines and mounting a global public health response to limit ZIKV infections. We also report on new therapeutic interventions that have shown success in preclinical studies.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.|3 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.|4 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.|3 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Indira U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Mysorekar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053586:Virus Internalization; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Hofbauer; interferon; placenta; trophoblast