title: Multiscale structural and electronic control of molybdenum disulfide foam for highly efficient hydrogen production.
abstract: Hydrogen production through water splitting has been considered as a green, pure and high-efficient technique. As an important half-reaction involved, hydrogen evolution reaction is a complex electrochemical process involving liquid-solid-gas three-phase interface behaviour. Therefore, new concepts and strategies of material design are needed to smooth each pivotal step. Here we report a multiscale structural and electronic control of molybdenum disulfide foam to synergistically promote the hydrogen evolution process. The optimized three-dimensional molybdenum disulfide foam with uniform mesopores, vertically aligned two-dimensional layers and cobalt atoms doping demonstrated a high hydrogen evolution activity and stability. In addition, density functional theory calculations indicate that molybdenum disulfide with moderate cobalt doping content possesses the optimal activity. This study demonstrates the validity of multiscale control in molybdenum disulfide via overall consideration of the mass transport, and the accessibility, quantity and capability of active sites towards electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which may also be extended to other energy-related processes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.|State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Haobo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Suheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Mingshu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zhongqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Novoselov
authors.affiliation: Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.|State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Dehui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Xinhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao