title: Genetic changes in oral premalignant lesion, condition, and oral squamous cell carcinoma - A study based on inhibition of G2M phase by colchicines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the percentage of cell arrested in G2M phase by colchicine in the early detection and prognosis of oral cancer, by comparison of oral squamous cell with leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) using flow cytometry analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy samples 5 each of clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed case of leukoplakia, OSMF, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colchicines significantly inhibited the growth of oral SCC-9 cell line by arresting G2M phase of the cell cycle (94.90%). This cell cycle result indicated that doubling of DNA is a characteristic feature of cancer. Colchicines significantly inhibited the G2M phase of the cell cycle in leukoplakia (33.51%) as compared to control (23.60%). Colchicines marginally inhibited the G2M phase of the cell cycle in OSMF (31.83%) as compared to control (28.36%). Colchicines significantly inhibited the G2M phase of the cell cycle in SCC (63.05%) as compared to control (26.40%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DNA analysis by inhibition of G2M phase of cell cycle using colchicine facilitates early detection and also helps determine the prognosis of leukoplakia, OSMF, and oral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Farooquia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Farooquia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lingaraju
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Farooquia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mahesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Farooquia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Srisha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Farooquia Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prathibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rani
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003078:Colchicine