title: Taking an intersectional approach to define latent classes of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and migration status for psychiatric epidemiological research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inequalities in mental health are well documented using individual social statuses such as socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and migration status. However, few studies have taken an intersectional approach to investigate inequalities in mental health using latent class analysis (LCA). This study will examine the association between multiple indicator classes of social identity with common mental disorder (CMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on CMD symptoms were assessed in a diverse inner London sample of 1052 participants in the second wave of the South East London Community Health study. LCA was used to define classes of social identity using multiple indicators of SES, ethnicity and migration status. Adjusted associations between CMD and both individual indicators and multiple indicators of social identity are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LCA identified six groups that were differentiated by varying levels of privilege and disadvantage based on multiple SES indicators. This intersectional approach highlighted nuanced differences in odds of CMD, with the economically inactive group with multiple levels of disadvantage most likely to have a CMD. Adding ethnicity and migration status further differentiated between groups. The migrant, economically inactive and White British, economically inactive classes both had increased odds of CMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to examine the intersections of SES, ethnicity and migration status with CMD using LCA. Results showed that both the migrant, economically inactive and the White British, economically inactive classes had a similarly high prevalence of CMD. Findings suggest that LCA is a useful methodology for investigating health inequalities by intersectional identities.
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,10 Cutcombe Road,London,UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,10 Cutcombe Road,London,UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gazard
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,10 Cutcombe Road,London,UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aschan
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,10 Cutcombe Road,London,UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacCrimmon
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,10 Cutcombe Road,London,UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotopf
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,10 Cutcombe Road,London,UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hatch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077272:Latent Class Analysis; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D015995:Prevalence; D012106:Research; D012923:Social Class; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Epidemiology; community mental health; mental health; population survey; research design and methods