title: Comparative study on the healing potential of chitosan, polymethylmethacrylate, and demineralized bone matrix in radial bone defects of rat.
abstract: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of xenogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM), chitosan (CS), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) on the regeneration of the critical-sized radial bone defects in rats after eight weeks. Fifty bilateral radial bone defects were randomly divided into five groups including untreated defects and those treated with autograft, CS scaffold, PMMA, and DBM. The defects were evaluated by diagnostic imaging, histopathology, histomorphometry, scanning electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing. Compared with the defect, CS, and PMMA groups, the autograft and DBM treated defects showed significantly higher new bone formation, bone volume, ultimate mechanical strength, and stiffness, but significantly lower inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and strain. Moreover, DBM showed significantly superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity to the CS scaffold and PMMA. In conclusion, both CS and PMMA alone were non-biocompatible polymers with slow biodegradation which retarded bone regeneration, whereas DBM significantly improved bone healing close to the gold method. However CS was not osteoconductive or osteoinductive alone, it can be combined with other biomaterials and molecules considering the excellent properties of this carbohydrate biopolymer for bone healing and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Soodeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alidadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: oryan1215@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bigham-Sadegh
authors.affiliation: Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshiri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D001857:Bone Matrix; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Acetic acid (PubChem CID: 176); Bone healing and regeneration; Carbohydrate polymer; Chitosan; Chitosan (PubChem CID: 71853); Demineralized bone matrix; Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Formaldehyde (PubChem CID: 712); Formic acid (PubChem CID: 284); Glutaraldehyde (PubChem CID: 3485); Glycine (PubChem CID: 750); Hydrochloric acid (PubChem CID: 313); Methyl methacrylate (PubChem CID: 6658); Nitric acid (PubChem CID: 944); Polymethylmethacrylate; Radius