title: Outcome Reporting in Randomized Trials for Shoulder Disorders: Literature Review to Inform the Development of a Core Outcome Set.
abstract: To explore the outcome domains and measurement instruments reported across randomized trials of any interventions for various shoulder disorders.
  
  
  
  We searched for shoulder trials included in Cochrane reviews published up to Issue 10, 2015, or indexed in PubMed between 2006 and 2015. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they focused on any intervention for rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instability, glenohumeral or acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, shoulder dislocation, proximal humeral or humeral head fractures, or unspecified shoulder pain. Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted information on the domains and measurement instruments reported, with consensus discussion among all authors where required.
  
  
  
  We included 409 trials, published between 1954 and 2015. Across the trials, we identified 319 different instruments that were classified into 32 domains. Most trials reported a measure of pain (90%), range of motion (78%), and physical function (71%). The recording of adverse events was reported in only 31% of the trials. Muscle strength was reported in 44% of the trials and imaging outcomes in 21%. Other patient-reported outcome measures, such as global assessment of treatment success, health-related quality of life, work ability, and psychological functioning, were each reported in ≤15% of the trials. Most of the domains were reported at similar frequencies across different shoulder disorders.
  
  
  
  The domains and measurement instruments reported were widely diverse. Our results provide a foundation for the development of a core outcome set for use in future trials across all shoulder disorders.
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Hsiaomin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arianne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Joel J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gagnier
authors.affiliation: Cabrini Medical Centre, Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012107:Research Design; D062707:Return to Work; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome