title: A Fermented Whole Grain Prevents Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Dysfunction in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells.
abstract: Endogenous and exogenous signals derived by the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) orchestrate inflammatory responses contributing to development of the endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), bone marrow derived stem cells, promote recovery of damaged endothelium playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular repair. Since healthy nutrition improves EPCs functions, we evaluated the effect of a fermented grain, Lisosan G (LG), on early EPCs exposed to LPS. The potential protective effect of LG against LPS-induced alterations was evaluated as cell viability, adhesiveness, ROS production, gene expression, and NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Our results showed that LPS treatment did not affect EPCs viability and adhesiveness but induced endothelial alterations via activation of NF-kB signaling. LG protects EPCs from inflammation as well as from LPS-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reducing ROS levels, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defense. Moreover, LG pretreatment prevented NF-kB translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus caused by LPS exposure. In human EPCs, LPS increases ROS and upregulates proinflammatory tone, proapoptotic factors, and antioxidants. LG protects EPCs exposed to LPS reducing ROS, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defenses possibly by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1808-1844
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), Pisa Unit, Research Area of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabriele
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2834-4847
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Penno
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Monia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2518-3187
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garofolo
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), Pisa Unit, Research Area of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8972-8564
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6747-5316
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lucchesi
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), Pisa Unit, Research Area of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pucci
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C522933:Lisosan G; D028321:Plant Preparations; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species