title: The role of upper airway obstruction and snoring in the etiology of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children.
abstract: This study evaluated the necessity of examining the upper airway in children with nocturnal enuresis. 225 children (aged 5-16 years), who were referred from the urology outpatient clinic between May 2015 and May 2016 and who had completed toilet training, were included in this study. Participants were separated into monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) (group 1) and without MNE (group 2) groups. Tonsil hypertrophy, adenoid vegetation, septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis, upper airway obstruction, and snoring etiology were assessed. In total, 112 children with MNE (group 1) participated in addition to 113 children selected randomly without MNE (group 2). Adenoid score (p = 0.016), septal deviation (p = 0.017), and snoring (p = 0.007) were significantly different between the groups. No differences in tonsil score (p = 0.618), turbinate hypertrophy (p = 0.424), and allergic rhinitis (p = 0.544) were detected between the groups. Possible causes of upper airway obstruction and snoring which is a symptom of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in the pediatric population, including adenoid hypertrophy and septal deviation, should be considered as possible etiological factors in children with MNE.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Urology, Hinis Sehit Yavuz Yurekseven State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin Bugra
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Karakas
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Ear, Nose and Throat, Hinis Sehit Yavuz Yurekseven State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammet Recai
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mazlumoglu
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Ear, Nose and Throat, Erzurum Region Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey. hekimeda@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simsek
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Nocturnal enuresis; Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing; Pediatric population; Snoring; Upper airway obstruction