title: Historical gene flow constraints in a northeastern Atlantic fish: phylogeography of the ballan wrasseLabrus bergyltaacross its distribution range.
abstract: The distribution and demographic patterns of marine organisms in the north Atlantic were largely shaped by climatic changes during the Pleistocene, when recurrent glacial maxima forced them to move south or to survive in northern peri-glacial refugia. These patterns were also influenced by biological and ecological factors intrinsic to each species, namely their dispersion ability. The ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta), the largest labrid fish along Europe's continental margins, is a target for fisheries and aquaculture industry. The phylogeographic pattern, population structure, potential glacial refugia and recolonization routes for this species were assessed across its full distribution range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The existence of a marked population structure can reflect both recolonization from three distinct glacial refugia and current and past oceanographic circulation patterns. Although isolated in present times, shared haplotypes between continental and Azores populations and historical exchange of migrants in both directions point to a common origin ofL. bergylta. This situation is likely to be maintained and/or accentuated by current circulation patterns in the north Atlantic, and may lead to incipient speciation in the already distinct Azorean population. Future monitoring of this species is crucial to evaluate how this species is coping with current environmental changes.
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre , ISPA Instituto Universitário , Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Frederico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almada
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre , ISPA Instituto Universitário , Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0907-7453
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre , ISPA Instituto Universitário , Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Cristina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute , National University of Ireland , Galway , Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.affiliation: Marine and Freshwater Research Centre , Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , Dublin Road, Galway , Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirimin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research (IMR) , Flødevigen Marine Research Station , 4817 His , Norway.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Villegas-Ríos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC) , Vigo , Spain.
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saborido-Rey
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores, IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre , Universidade dos Açores , 9901-862 Horta , Portugal.
authors.forename: Telmo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morato
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre , ISPA Instituto Universitário , Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bexiga
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre , ISPA Instituto Universitário , Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Robalo
keywords: Azorean distinctiveness; Labridae; cleaner fish; glacial refugia; incipient speciation; population structure