title: Cationic osteogenic peptide P15-CSP coatings promote 3-D osteogenesis in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds of distinct pore size.
abstract: P15-CSP is a biomimetic cationic fusion peptide that stimulates osteogenesis and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation when coated on 2-D surfaces. This study tested the hypothesis that P15-CSP coatings enhance 3-D osteogenesis in a porous but otherwise hydrophobic poly-(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold. Scaffolds of 84 µm and 141 µm average pore size were coated or not with Layer-by-Layer polyelectrolytes followed by P15-CSP, seeded with adult primary human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cultured 10 days in proliferation medium, then 21 days in osteogenic medium. Atomic analyses showed that P15-CSP was successfully captured by LbL. After 2 days of culture, MSCs adhered and spread more on P15-CSP coated pores than PCL-only. At day 10, all constructs contained nonmineralized tissue. At day 31, all constructs became enveloped in a "skin" of tissue that, like 2-D cultures, underwent sporadic mineralization in areas of high cell density that extended into some 141 µm edge pores. By quantitative histomorphometry, 2.5-fold more tissue and biomineral accumulated in edge pores versus inner pores. P15-CSP specifically promoted tissue-scaffold integration, fourfold higher overall biomineralization, and more mineral deposits in the outer 84 µm and inner 141 µm pores than PCL-only (p < 0.05). 3-D Micro-CT revealed asymmetric mineral deposition consistent with histological calcium staining. This study provides proof-of-concept that P15-CSP coatings are osteoconductive in PCL pore surfaces with 3-D topography. Biomineralization deeper than 150 µm from the scaffold edge was optimally attained with the larger 141 µm peptide-coated pores. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2171-2181, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Biomédicales, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance, (CREPEC), École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghavidel Mehr
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance, (CREPEC), École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Basil D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Favis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Biomédicales, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Crescenzo
authors.affiliation: Kane Biotech, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Nandadeva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakandawala
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Biomédicales, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.|Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hoemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011091:Polyesters; C407062:cell-binding peptide P-15; C016240:polycaprolactone; D003094:Collagen
keywords: 3-D osteogenesis; biomimetic fusion peptide; bone tissue engineering; layer-by-layer; mesenchymal stem cells