title: Research Frontiers in Traumatic Brain Injury: Defining the Injury.
abstract: With the continued advancement in technology, such as increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging parameters, and the ongoing development of various scientific fields, like serum and blood biomarkers, genetics, and physiology, traumatic brain injury (TBI) research is a dynamic field of study. TBI remains a significant public health concern and research has continued to grow exponentially over the past decade. This review provides an overview of the frontiers of TBI research, from sports concussion to severe TBI, from acute and subacute injury to long-term/chronic outcomes, from assessment and management to prognosis, specifically examining recent neuroimaging, biomarkers, genetics, and physiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Sports Concussion Program, Hunter New England Local Health District, Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. Electronic address: Andrew.Gardner@neurogard.com.au.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Shirley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Adamov
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Red Sox Foundation, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zafonte
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D035843:Biomedical Research; D001924:Brain Concussion; D001930:Brain Injuries; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Blood biomarkers; Genetics; Neuroimaging; Phenotypes; Physiology; Research; Serum biomarkers