title: Postural sway in individuals with type 2 diabetes and concurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  diabetes has been shown to affect the peripheral vestibular end organs and is associated with an increase in the frequency of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). People with diabetes have higher postural sway; however, the impact of symptomatic BPPV on postural sway in individuals with diabetes is unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine postural sway in people with type 2 diabetes who have symptomatic, untreated BPPV (BPPVDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  fifty-two participants (mean age 56.9 ± 5.6 years) were enrolled: controls (n = 14), diabetes (n = 14), BPPV only (n = 13) and BPPVDM (n = 11). An inertial motion sensor was used to detect pelvic acceleration across five standing conditions with eyes open/closed on firm/foam surfaces. Range of acceleration (cm/s2), peak velocity (cm/s) and variability of sway [root mean square (RMS)] in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions were used to compare postural sway between groups across conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  participants with BPPVDM had higher ranges of acceleration in the AP (p = 0.02) and ML (p = 0.02) directions, as well as higher peak velocity (p < 0.001) and RMS values (p = 0.006) in the AP direction compared to the control and diabetes groups. Standing on foam with eyes closed and tandem stance were challenging conditions for people with BPPVDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  clinicians may consider using standing on foam with eyes closed and tandem standing with eyes open to assess postural control in people with BPPVDM to identify postural instability.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: D'Silva
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kluding
authors.affiliation: c School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.|d Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.affiliation: e Health Services and Outcomes Research , Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: f Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D065635:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Postural sway; accelerometry; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; symptomatic; type 2 diabetes