title: Epididymal CYP2E1 plays a critical role in acrylamide-induced DNA damage in spermatozoa and paternally mediated embryonic resorptions†.
abstract: Acrylamide is a ubiquitous toxicant in human lives, due to its formation in many food products. Acrylamide induces dominant lethal mutations with administration of 25 mg/kg bw/day for 5 days in male mice. Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1 (CYP2E1) is responsible for this dominant lethality. CYP2E1 is the only enzyme responsible for the conversion of acrylamide to the highly reactive metabolite glycidamide, which forms adducts with DNA. CYP2E1 is present predominantly in the liver, as well as the brain, kidney, intestines, and spleen. Within the male mouse reproductive tract, CYP2E1 localizes to spermatocytes. However, embryo resorptions have been demonstrated to occur only with exposure of the late stages of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa. It was determined that CYP2E1 is additionally expressed within the mouse epididymal epithelium, and this localization is responsible for acrylamide-induced dominant lethality. Further, an equivalent profile of CYP2E1 expression was identified in the human reproductive tract. While spermatozoa of both species were also established to possess CYP2E1, this did not contribute to acrylamide-induced DNA damage. In vitro studies strengthened these findings further, revealing that acrylamide exposure only induces DNA damage in human and mouse spermatozoa following metabolism by the mouse epididymal epithelial cell line (mECap18) to glycidamide. These findings emphasize, for the first time, the vital role of the epididymis in the reproductive toxicity associated with acute acrylamide exposure.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|The Priority Research Centres for Reproductive Sciences and Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Aimee Lee
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Katen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipilä
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|The Priority Research Centres for Reproductive Sciences and Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|The Priority Research Centres for Reproductive Sciences and Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Simone J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stanger
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|The Priority Research Centres for Reproductive Sciences and Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|The Priority Research Centres for Reproductive Sciences and Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaun D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Roman
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D020964:Embryo Loss; D004822:Epididymis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D020106:Acrylamide; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1
keywords: CYP2E1; acrylamide; comet; epididymis; glycidamide; spermatozoa