title: Probe beam deflection optical imaging of thermal and mechanical phenomena resulting from nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) exposure in-vitro.
abstract: Electric-field induced physical phenomena, such as thermal, mechanical and electrochemical dynamics, may be the driving mechanism behind bioeffects observed in mammalian cells during exposure to nanosecond-duration electric pulses (nsEP) in-vitro. Correlating a driving mechanism to a biological response requires the experimental measurement and quantification of all physical dynamics resulting from the nsEP stimulus. A passive and electromagnetic interference (EMI) immune sensor is required to resolve these dynamics in high strength electric fields. The probe beam deflection technique (PBDT) is a passive and EMI immune optical method for quantifying and imaging refractive index gradients in liquids and gases, both dynamic and static, with nanosecond temporal resolution. In this work, a probe beam deflection imaging system was designed to acquire 2-D time-lapse images of thermal/mechanical dynamics resulting from monopolar and bipolar nsEP stimulus.
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Caleb C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Hope T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noojin
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bixler
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shadaram
authors.forename: Bennett L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Ibey