title: The effect of realistic geometries on the susceptibility-weighted MR signal in white matter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of realistic microstructural geometry on the susceptibility-weighted MR signal in white matter (WM), with application to demyelination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previous work has modeled susceptibility-weighted signals under the assumption that axons are cylindrical. In this study, we explored the implications of this assumption by considering the effect of more realistic geometries. A three-compartment WM model incorporating relevant properties based on the literature was used to predict the MR signal. Myelinated axons were modeled with several cross-sectional geometries of increasing realism: nested circles, warped/elliptical circles, and measured axonal geometries from electron micrographs. Signal simulations from the different microstructural geometries were compared with measured signals from a cuprizone mouse model with varying degrees of demyelination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulation results suggest that axonal geometry affects the MR signal. Predictions with realistic models were significantly different compared with circular models under the same microstructural tissue properties, for simulations with and without diffusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The geometry of axons affects the MR signal significantly. Literature estimates of myelin susceptibility, which are based on fitting biophysical models to the MR signal, are likely to be biased by the assumed geometry, as will any derived microstructural properties. Magn Reson Med 79:489-500, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tianyou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foxley
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3036-4326
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinnijenhuis
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore.
authors.forename: Way Cherng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karla L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D001703:Biophysics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003471:Cuprizone / Q000737:chemistry; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000737:chemistry*; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003471:Cuprizone
keywords: GRE phase signal; R2*; magnetic susceptibility modeling; myelin; white matter microstructure