title: The effectiveness of crisis resource management and team debriefing in resuscitation education of nursing students: A randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate (i) whether integrating a course on crisis resource management principles and team debriefings in simulation training, increases self-efficacy, team efficacy and technical skills of nursing students in resuscitation settings and (ii) which phases contribute the most to these outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Crisis resource management principles have been introduced in health care to optimise teamwork. Simulation training offers patient safe training opportunities. There is evidence that simulation training increases self-efficacy and team efficacy but the contribution of the different phases like crisis resource management principles, simulation training and debriefing on self-efficacy, team efficacy and technical skills is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial in a convenience sample (n = 116) in Belgium. Data were collected between February 2015-April 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the intervention group (n = 60) completed a course on crisis resource management principles, followed by a simulation training session, a team debriefing and a second simulation training session. Participants in the control group (n = 56) only completed two simulation training sessions. The outcomes self-efficacy, team efficacy and technical skills were assessed after each simulation training. An ancillary analysis of the learning effect was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group increased on self-efficacy (2.13%, p = .02) and team efficacy (9.92%, p < .001); the control group only increased significantly on team efficacy (4.5%, p = .001). The intervention group scored significantly higher on team efficacy (8.49%, p < .001) compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining crisis resource management principles and team debriefings in simulation training increases self-efficacy and team efficacy. The debriefing phase contributes the most to these effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By partnering with healthcare settings, it becomes possible to offer interdisciplinary simulation training that can increase patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Department Health Care, Nursing Department, Knowledge Centre Brussels Integrated Care, Erasmus University College Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Imgard
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-9513
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coppens
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-5033
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verhaeghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3576-7159
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-8716
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beeckman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001530:Belgium; D000067498:Crew Resource Management, Healthcare; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education / Q000451:nursing*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: crisis resource management principles; high fidelity patient simulation; nursing education; nursing students; self-efficacy; team debriefing; team efficacy