title: The light subunit of mushroom Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase: Its biological characteristics and implications.
abstract: The light subunit of mushroom Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase (LSMT) is a protein of unknown function that was discovered serendipitously during the elucidation of the crystal structure of the enzyme. The protein is non-immunogenic and can penetrate the intestinal epithelial cell barrier, and thus, similar to its structural homologue HA-33 from Clostridium botulinum, may be potentially absorbable by the intestine. LSMT also shares high structural homology with the ricin-B-like lectin from the mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (CNL), which has been shown to display biological activity against leukemic cancer cells and dendritic cells. Therefore, we evaluated the biological activity of LSMT. An in vitro assay suggested that LSMT presentation to most of the cancer cell lines studied has a negligible effect on their proliferation. However, inhibition of cell growth and a slight stimulation of cell proliferation were observed with breast cancer and macrophage cells, respectively. LSMT appeared to be relatively resistant against proteolysis by trypsin and papain, but not bromelain. Challenges with gastric and intestinal juice suggested that the protein is resistant to gastrointestinal tract conditions. This is the first report on the biological characteristics and implication of LSMT.
authors.affiliation: Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V Blok PP-7, JABABEKA II Industrial Estate, 17550 Cikarang, Indonesia. Electronic address: wangsa.ismaya@dexa-medica.com.
authors.forename: Wangsa T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Ismaya
authors.affiliation: Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V Blok PP-7, JABABEKA II Industrial Estate, 17550 Cikarang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Olivia M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Tandrasasmita
authors.affiliation: Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V Blok PP-7, JABABEKA II Industrial Estate, 17550 Cikarang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Syaripah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundari
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Diana
authors.affiliation: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Xuelei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Debbie S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Retnoningrum
authors.affiliation: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bauke W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.affiliation: Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V Blok PP-7, JABABEKA II Industrial Estate, 17550 Cikarang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tjandrawinata
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia. Electronic address: h_rachmawati@fa.itb.ac.id.
authors.forename: Heni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rachmawati
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: Cancer cell proliferation; Gastrointestinal track resistance; Light subunit of mushroom tyrosinase; Mushroom tyrosinase associated lectin-like protein; Proteolytic challenge