title: PIF4-controlled auxin pathway contributes to hybrid vigor inArabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: F1 hybrids inArabidopsisand crop species are uniform and high yielding. The F2 generation loses much of the yield advantage and the plants have heterogeneous phenotypes. We generated pure breeding hybrid mimic lines by recurrent selection and also selected a pure breeding small phenotype line. The hybrid mimics are almost completely homozygous with chromosome segments from each parent. Four particular chromosomal segments from C24 and 8 from Lerwere present in all of the hybrid mimic lines, whereas in the F6 small phenotype line, the 12 segments were each derived from the alternative parent. Loci critical for promoting hybrid vigor may be contained in each of these 12 conserved segments. We have identified genes with similar altered expression in hybrid mimics and F1 plants but not in the small phenotype line. These genes may be critical for the generation of hybrid vigor. Analysis of transcriptomes indicated that increased expression of the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF4) may contribute to hybrid vigor by targeting the auxin biosynthesis geneYUCCA8and the auxin signaling geneIAA29A number of auxin responsive genes promoting leaf growth were up-regulated in the F1 hybrids and hybrid mimics, suggesting that increased auxin biosynthesis and signaling contribute to the hybrid phenotype. The hybrid mimic seeds had earlier germination as did the seeds of the F1 hybrids, indicating cosegregation of the genes for rosette size and the germination trait. Early germination may be an indicator of vigorous hybrids.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Li Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Anyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.|Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; jim.peacock@csiro.au.|Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: W James
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Peacock
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D018525:Germination; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D014157:Transcription Factors; C586769:IAA29 protein, Arabidopsis; C459466:PIF4 protein, Arabidopsis; C585335:YUCCA8 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: biomass; germination; heterosis; transcription factor; transregulation