title: Self-report of temporomandibular joint clicking and psychological factors: is there an association?
abstract: The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that self-reported TMJ clicking sounds in adolescents are positively associated with non-specific somatic symptoms, self-perception of body image and care-seeking behaviour. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 353 young adolescents (48·4% females) recruited from community (N = 272) and orthodontic clinic (N = 81) settings. Assessments included self-reported TMJ clicking, non-specific physical symptoms, body image concerns and for the clinic sample only, the source of motivation for treatment. TMJ sounds were self-reported by 19% of the sample and were associated with higher scores for non-specific physical symptoms and body image concerns (P < 0·001). Adolescents who were self-motivated to seek orthodontic treatment had greater scores for non-specific physical symptoms, more body image concerns and tended to report TMJ sounds more often (26·3% and 7·7% respectively; P = 0·41) than those who were solely parent/family-motivated to seek treatment. Self-reported TMJ sounds in adolescents were associated with a propensity to somatisation and concerns with body image. Care-seeking adolescents have greater non-specific physical symptoms and body image concerns and tend to report more frequent TMJ sounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ukra
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Foster Page
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-647X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001314:Auscultation / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003768:Dental Occlusion, Centric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057216:Propensity Score; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: body dysmorphic disorder; orthodontics; somatoform disorders; temporomandibular joint sounds