title: A dissociation in judgements of confidence in people with dandruff based on self-reports compared to reports from other observers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is not clear how well evaluations made by other people correspond with self-evaluations of esteem or confidence. To address this question, we compared measurements of confidence in participants with and without dandruff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with dandruff were significantly different from healthy control participants on a quality of life measure of scalp dermatitis, but not on self-evaluations of esteem or confidence. To determine whether there were differences in the evaluation of confidence by others, both groups of participants were videoed while they prepared for or gave a presentation in an interview scenario.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raters, who were unfamiliar with the identities of the participants, evaluated confidence from the muted videos. In contrast to their self-evaluations, male participants with dandruff were rated as having lower confidence compared to participants who reported a healthy scalp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal a difference between explicit and implicit measures of self-esteem in men compared to women with dandruff.
authors.affiliation: Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godbehere
authors.affiliation: Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: C A M
authors.initials: CAM
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: T J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8255-9120
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D063807:Dandruff / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: confidence; dandruff; first impressions; hair treatment; self-esteem; skin structure