title: Medication management of chronic pain: A comparison of 2 care delivery models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of chronic pain is high and increasing. Medication management is an important component of chronic pain management. There is a shortage of physicians who are available and comfortable providing this service. In Alberta, pharmacists have been granted an advanced scope of practice. Given this empowerment, their availability, training and skill set, pharmacists are well positioned to play an expanded role in the medication management of chronic pain sufferers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and cost of a physician-only vs a pharmacist-physician team model of medication management for chronic nonmalignant pain sufferers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was analyzed for 89 patients who had received exclusively medication management at a rural Alberta multidisciplinary clinic. 56 were managed by a sole physician. 33 were managed by a team (pharmacist + physician). In the team model, the physician did the medical assessment, diagnosis, and established a treatment plan in consultation with the patient and pharmacist. The pharmacist then provided the ongoing follow-up including education, dose titration and side effect management and consulted with the physician as needed. Change in pain (Numerical Rating Scale) and disability (Pain Interference Questionnaire) over the course of treatment were recorded. The treatment duration and number of visits were used to calculate cost of care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both models of medication management resulted in significant and comparable improvements in pain, disability and patient perception of medication effectiveness. Patients in the physician-only group were seen more frequently and at a greater cost. The pharmacist-physician team approach was markedly more cost-effective, and patients expressed a high level of satisfaction with their medication management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacist-physician team model of medication management results in significant reductions of pain and disability for chronic nonmalignant pain sufferers at a reduced cost and is well accepted by patients.
authors.affiliation: Central Alberta Pain and Rehabilitation Institute (Slipp, Burnham), Lacombe, Alberta.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slipp
authors.affiliation: Central Alberta Pain and Rehabilitation Institute (Slipp, Burnham), Lacombe, Alberta.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burnham