title: Efficacy of Various Intracanal Medicaments in Human Primary Teeth with Necrotic Pulp againstCandidaBiofilms: Anin vivoStudy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candidahas been associated with cases of secondary and persistent root canal infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of commonly used intracanal medicament againstCandidabiofilms found in root canals of human primary teeth with necrotic pulp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulp canals of 45 single-rooted primary maxillary anterior teeth with pulp necrosis in 34 children were included in the study. They were divided into three groups of 15 samples each - group I: Ca(OH)2(calcium hydroxide); group II: 1% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); and group III: 1% metronidazole gel. Bacterial count was obtained from each tooth at two different stages: (1) after instrumentation, and (2) after placement of the medication. Statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 10.0 software program (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with Wilcoxon signed rank test after grouping the samples was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ca(OH)2, 1% CHX gel, and 1% metronidazole gel were ineffective in completely eliminatingCandidabiofilms from root canal of human primary teeth with necrotic pulp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the commonly used intracanal medicaments, i.e., Ca(OH)2, 1% CHX gel, and 1% metronidazole gel, was effective in completely eliminatingCandidabiofilm from root canal of human primary teeth with necrotic pulp. Ineffectiveness of these medicaments againstCandidahas opened new door of research regarding the use of suitable intracanal medicaments against single and multispecies biofilms.
  Paikkatt JV, Sreedharan S, Philomina B, Kannan VP, Santhakumar M, Kumar TVA. Efficacy of Various Intracanal Medicaments in Human Primary Teeth with Necrotic Pulp againstCandidaBiofilms: Anin vivoStudy. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):45-48.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Pedodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Jophie V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Paikkatt
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Sheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sreedharan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Philomina
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santhakumar
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Tv Anupam
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Calcium hydroxide; Candida; Chlorhexidine; Metronidazole.