title: Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy with Transurethral Circumferential Excision of the Ureteral Orifice for Urothelial Carcinoma.
abstract: When performing open or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU), the optimal way to excise the distal ureter remains controversial. There are concerns that primary endoscopic detachment of the intramural ureter is associated with adverse outcomes. Existing studies have limited number of patients and inadequate oncologic follow-up. We provide our institutions experience of this technique.
  
  
  
  Data were collected prospectively on 59 patients (37 men) who underwent LNU for a 10-year period at a single center using a standardized technique: initial endoscopic circumferential release of the distal ureter and bladder cuff followed by retroperitoneal en bloc LNU.
  
  
  
  Patients had a mean age of 67 years and Charlson score of 2. One case was converted to open surgery. Mean operative time was 194 minutes with estimated blood loss of 125 mL. Three patients (5%) required a blood transfusion. Mean in-patient stay was 3 days. Forty-six patients had urothelial carcinoma. Seventy-one percent of patients had high-grade disease (n = 33) and 21% had distal ureteral disease (n = 10). One patient required open excision of recurrence at the site of the excised ureteral orifice and remains disease free 5 years later. Five-year cancer-specific survival was 100% for patients with stages pTa (n = 7) and pT1 (n = 14), 93% for stage pT2 (n = 7) disease, and 49% for patients with stage pT3 (n = 18) disease.
  
  
  
  Transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice during LNU achieves acceptable long-term oncologic outcomes while minimizing perioperative morbidity and in-patient stay. This represents the largest single-center study of this technique to date.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Frimley Park Health NHS Foundation Trust , Frimley, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Aakash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Frimley Park Health NHS Foundation Trust , Frimley, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Muddassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Frimley Park Health NHS Foundation Trust , Frimley, United Kingdom .|2 Department of Urology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Basingstoke, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hindley
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Frimley Park Health NHS Foundation Trust , Frimley, United Kingdom .|3 Department of Urology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt .
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emara
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Frimley Park Health NHS Foundation Trust , Frimley, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D000074682:Nephroureterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: endoscopic; nephroureterectomy; transitional cell cancer; transurethral