title: Effect of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before embryo transfer on pregnancy rate: A prospective randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as the most important factor to controlled implantation is one of the early embryonic signals in primates that is secreted by the embryo before its implantation. This study was designed to assess the effects of intrauterine injection of hCG before the embryo transfer in anin vitrofertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle on pregnancy rate in infertile patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized study was done on 100 infertile patients in two groups: intervention group received injection of 700 IU of intrauterine hCG 10 min before embryo transfer and control group did not receive hCG. The pregnancy rate was tested 2 weeks after embryo transfer, and if the pregnancy test was positive, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed 3 weeks later to search for signs of pregnancy, such as the presence of a gestational sac, embryo, and fetal heart rate, and confirmed as successful pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancy test was positive in 13 (28.6%) of 46 patients in hCG group and in control group was positive in 6 (12.5%) of 48 patients. The pregnancy rate between hCG group and control group was not significantly different (P= 0.54). The pregnancy rate in hCG group with IVF fertilization was 20.8% and in their controls was 7.4% (P= 0.51). The pregnancy rate in hCG group with ICSI fertilization was 36.4% and in their controls was 19% (P= 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intrauterine injection of 700 IU of hCG before embryo transfer improved pregnancy rate compared to control group but was not significantly different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mostajeran
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Godazandeh
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Mehdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Minoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movahedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, School of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Abolfazl
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jabalamelian
keywords: Embryo transfers; human chorionic gonadotropin; in vitro fertilization; infertility; intracytoplasmic sperm injection