title: Responses of neonicotinoid resistant and susceptible Frankliniella fusca life stages to multiple insecticide groups in cotton.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of neonicotinoid resistance in populations of tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, throughout the southeastern USA has motivated an examination of alternative insecticides to control problematic infestations on seedling cotton. The objective of this study was to refine understanding of stage-specific mortality and reduced oviposition of several common insecticides (acephate, abamectin, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, imidacloprid, imidacloprid+thiodicarb, thiamethoxam) on neonicotinoid resistant and susceptible F. fusca populations under laboratory and field conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laboratory studies revealed that the average number of eggs per female and larval or adult survivorship responses differed by insecticide and were dependent on the resistance status of the population. In the presence of neonicotinoids, the resistant F. fusca populations exhibited lower mortality and higher egg counts than the susceptible population. In the field study, similar patterns of oviposition suppression were observed, indicating that some insecticides may impact reproductive rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that insecticides have different effects on F. fusca oviposition events, larval and adult mortality that are dependent on neonicotinoid resistance status. Because insecticides tested in this study have varied activity on specific F. fusca life stages (e.g. oviposition suppression, larvicidal activity, adulticidal activity), knowledge of stage-specific activity can be used to improve control and enhance long-term product stewardship. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7630, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: Anders S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Huseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7630, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: Damon A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7630, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003368:Gossypium / Q000254:growth & development; D007300:Insect Control; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009657:North Carolina; D061149:Thysanoptera
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids
keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; imidacloprid; insecticide resistance management; seed treatment; thiamethoxam