title: Plasma low-molecular-weight thiol/disulphide homeostasis as an early indicator of global and focal cerebral ischaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown that cerebral ischaemia causes not only local, but also systemic oxidative stress. This leads to oxidation of thiol-containing compounds, including low-molecular-weight thiols (cysteine, glutathione, homocysteine and others). Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify the hypothesis that the thiol/disulphide homeostasis of low-molecular-weight thiols is disturbed in the early stages of cerebral ischaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experimental rat models of ischaemia were used: a global model of vascular ischaemia (clamping the common carotid arteries + haemorrhage) and focal ischaemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion). The total levels of thiols and their reduced forms were measured before surgery and after 40 minutes of reperfusion (global) or 3 hours (focal) ischaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global ischaemia model caused a marked (2.5-4 times, P < 0.01) decrease in the plasma thiol/disulphide redox state, and focal ischaemia caused an even larger decrease (30-80 times, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that plasma low-molecular-weight thiols are actively involved in oxidation reactions at early stages of cerebral ischaemia; therefore, their reduced forms or redox state may serve as a sensitive indicator of acute cerebrovascular insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander Vladimirovich
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-6115
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Valery Vasil'evich
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Alexandrin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander Alexandrovich
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Paltsyn
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Ksenya Alexandrovna
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nikiforova
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Edward Danielevich
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-6494
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Virus
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Boris Petrovich
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Luzyanin
authors.affiliation: b Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Marina Yurievna
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Maksimova
authors.affiliation: b Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail Aleksanrovich
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Piradov
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology , Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology' , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Aslan Amirkhanovich
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kubatiev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood*; D004220:Disulfides / Q000097:blood*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004220:Disulfides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Cerebral ischaemia; cysteine; glutathione; homocysteine; oxidative stress; rat