title: The Ginsenoside Derivative 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibits Solar Ultraviolet Light-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression.
abstract: Ginsenosides are major pharmacologically active compounds present in ginseng (Panax ginseng). Among the ginsenosides, 20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (GPPD) and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) have previously been reported to exhibit anti-wrinkle effects. In this study, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD), an aglycone derivative of the Rb1 metabolite was investigated for its anti-wrinkle benefit and compared to GPPD and Rb1. The anti-wrinkle effect of 20(S)-PPD during solar UV light was investigated using a human skin equivalent model and human keratinocytes. 20(S)-PPD attenuated solar UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression to a greater extent than GPPD and Rb1. 20(S)-PPD treatment modulated MMP-1 mRNA expression and the transcriptional activity of activator protein (AP)-1, a major transcription factor of MMP-1. Two upstream signaling pathways for AP-1, the MEK1/2-ERK1/2-p90RSKand MEK3/6-p38 pathways, were also suppressed. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of 20(S)-PPD for further development as a preventative agent for sunlight-induced skin wrinkle. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3756-3764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 13539, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Gyu
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6930-9565
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 13539, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.|Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3505-0126
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D012502:Sapogenins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C062916:protopanaxadiol
keywords: 20(S)-PROTOPANAXADIOL; HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT; MMP-1; SOLAR UV