title: Gastric toxicity involving alterations of gastritis-related protein expression in mice following long-term exposure to nano TiO2.
abstract: Nano TiO2has been widely used in food industry as a coloring agent, whether the application has adverse effects on stomach for humans and animals is rarely concerned. This study determined whether intragastric administration with nano TiO2every day for nine months cause gastric damages and dysfunction, and is associated with changes of stomach damage-related protein expression in mice. Our results suggested that nano TiO2exposure resulted in significant titanium accumulation in the stomach, reductions in daily food intake and water intake, stomach weight, and stomach indices. Importantly, mice exhibited severe gastric damages such as gastric mucosa atrophy, erosion, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell morphologic damages including apoptosis, and coupled with reductions of serum pepsin activity, stomach total acidity and H+concentration, and increases of serum gastrin concentration and gastric pH. Furthermore, these are associated with decreased expression of IκB, TFF 1, 2, and increased expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-lβ, -6, -8, COX-2, and PGE2 in the stomach. The findings showed that gastric toxicity of mice induced by chronic exposure to nano TiO2may be associated with alterations of gastritis-related protein expression in mice. It implies that the potential adverse effects to digestive system health should be concerned.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China. Electronic address: hfshui666@126.com.
authors.forename: Fashui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Library of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D005756:Gastritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects*; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005755:Gastrins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C481546:TFF2 protein, mouse; C472724:Tff1 protein, mouse; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Gastric secretion; Gastritis; Inflammatory cytokines; Nanosized titanium dioxide; Stomach