title: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis require more sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
abstract: Background and study aimsPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) require repeated endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Our aim was to evaluate whether patients with PSC require higher doses of sedation during ERC.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing ERC from 2006 to 2013 who received conscious sedation with propofol and midazolam. The duration of the intervention and a potential progression of propofol consumption or intervention time by visit number were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent factors which influence propofol consumption.ResultsA total of 2962 ERC procedures were performed in 1211 patients. Patients with PSC (n = 157) underwent 461 ERC procedures whereas patients without PSC (n = 1054) had 2501 ERC examinations. The total median propofol dose was 450 mg (290 - 630 mg) for patients with PSC and 300 mg (200 - 450 mg) for the non-PSC group (P< 0.05). The propofol consumption in patients with PSC was increased by a factor of 1.24 (P= 0.0071) independent of intervention time. Younger age (< 60.8 years) and duration of the intervention were associated with a higher need for sedation by factors of 1.21 and 1.71, respectively (P< 0.0001). The robustness of the results was tested in a sensitivity analysis which confirmed the results (P< 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with PSC may require higher doses of sedation for ERC compared to other patient groups independent of age and duration of ERC. The higher dosage of sedation has to be taken into account when using ERC to treat a patient with PSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aguirre Dávila
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Theodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Framke
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lenzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Lankisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voigtländer