title: Determinants of substance use amongst Brazilians residing in the UK: The role of acculturation.
abstract: Evidence suggests that patterns of substance use are changing amongst some members of migrant groups in the UK. This study explored the extent to which residing in the UK has an impact on substance use behaviours amongst Brazilian migrants.
  
  
  
  A mixed methods approach was adopted comparing Brazilians residing in the UK (n = 164) and Brazilians residing in Brazil (n = 161), age 27.82 (SD = 5.65) average. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics, resilience, personality traits, drinking motives, psychological distress, frequency of alcohol intake, smoking and other drugs used (Brazil and UK), acculturation outcomes and length of residence (UK) were explored. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with Brazilian residents in the UK and analysed using thematic analysis.
  
  
  
  Participants from the UK reported higher prevalence of substance use; however, significant country differences were only found in binge drinking and poly drug use. While in Brazil, substance use was associated with being male, no religious practices, having resided in another country and higher scores in drinking for social motives and sensation seeking, in the UK it was associated with elementary occupations, higher scores in drinking for social and enhancement motives, threat to cultural identity and lower length of residence in the UK. Interview data suggested that living in the UK was stressful.
  
  
  
  Country differences in patterns of substance use were associated with changes resulting from the migratory process to the UK. The stresses associated with the process of acculturation presents a promising path for addressing substance use problems in migrant populations.
authors.affiliation: National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.affiliation: School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilvarry
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: Brazilian migrants; acculturation; mixed methods study; substance use