title: Impacts of particulate matter (PM2.5) on the behavior of freshwater snail Parafossarulus striatulus.
abstract: Fine particulate (PM2.5) is a severe problem of air pollution in the world. Although many studies were performed on examining effects of PM2.5 on human health, the understanding of PM2.5 influence on aquatic organisms is limited. Due to wet deposition, the pollutants ﻿in PM2.5 can enter aquatic ecosystems and affect aquatic organisms. This study tested the hypothesis that PM2.5 will negatively affect the behavior of freshwater snail Parafossarulus striatulus (Benson, 1842). Along with PM2.5, a number of components (Al, Pb, and Zn) that are commonly present in PM2.5 were also tested for their effects on the snail's behavior. The snail behavior was scored using the Behavioral State Score (BSS), ranging from 0 (no movement) to 5 (active locomotion and fully extended body). The result shows that high PM2.5 concentration dose (7.75 mg/L) induced a significant decrease in snails' movement behavior, and such reduced movement. The ﻿﻿same﻿ behavior was also observed for treatments with chemical components related to PM2.5, including aluminum and acidity (pH 5.0). In contrast, a low concentration of PM2.5 (3.88 mg/L), lead, and zinc did not significantly affect snails' behavior. The results suggest that high PM2.5 deposition in water bodies, associated with acidification and some metals, can have an adverse effect on aquatic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartono
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Billion
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lioe
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. yixin.zhang@xjtlu.edu.cn.|XJTLU Huaian Research Institute of New-type Urbanization, 19 Meigao Road, Wisdom Valley, Huaian, 223005, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. yixin.zhang@xjtlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bailiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jianzhen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012908:Snails
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter