title: Identification of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Volatiles and Localization of Aroma-Active Constituents by GC-Olfactometry.
abstract: For the characterization of chemical components contributing to the aroma of ginger, which could benefit the development of deep-processed ginger products, volatile extracts were isolated by a combination of direct solvent extraction-solvent-assisted flavor evaporation and static headspace analysis. Aroma-impact components were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry, and the most potent odorants were further screened by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and static headspace dilution analysis (SHDA). The AEDA results revealed that geranial, eucalyptol, β-linalool, and bornyl acetate were the most potent odorants, exhibiting the highest flavor dilution factor (FD factor) of 2187. SHDA indicated that the predominant headspace odorants were α-pinene and eucalyptol. In addition, odorants exhibiting a high FD factor in SHDA were estimated to be potent aroma contributors in AEDA. The predominant odorants were found to be monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as along with their oxygenated derivatives, providing minty, lemon-like, herbal, and woody aromas. On the other hand, three highly volatile compounds detected by SHDA were not detected by AEDA, whereas 34 high-polarity, low-volatility compounds were identified only by AEDA, demonstrating the complementary natures of SHDA and AEDA and the necessity of utilizing both techniques to accurately characterize the aroma of ginger.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao, China 266001.
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7217-4120
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao, China 266001.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao, China 266001.
authors.forename: Dabin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao, China 266001.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao, China 266001.
authors.forename: Fanyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D064367:Olfactometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA); aroma-active components; gas chromatography−olfactometry (GC−O); ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe); static headspace dilution analysis (SHDA)