title: Trade-off between Transcriptome Plasticity and Genome Evolution in Cephalopods.
abstract: RNA editing, a post-transcriptional process, allows the diversification of proteomes beyond the genomic blueprint; however it is infrequently used among animals for this purpose. Recent reports suggesting increased levels of RNA editing in squids thus raise the question of the nature and effects of these events. We here show that RNA editing is particularly common in behaviorally sophisticated coleoid cephalopods, with tens of thousands of evolutionarily conserved sites. Editing is enriched in the nervous system, affecting molecules pertinent for excitability and neuronal morphology. The genomic sequence flanking editing sites is highly conserved, suggesting that the process confers a selective advantage. Due to the large number of sites, the surrounding conservation greatly reduces the number of mutations and genomic polymorphisms in protein-coding regions. This trade-off between genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity highlights the importance of RNA recoding as a strategy for diversifying proteins, particularly those associated with neural function. PAPERCLIP.
authors.affiliation: Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liscovitch-Brauer
authors.affiliation: Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Shahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alon
authors.affiliation: Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Hagit T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Porath
authors.affiliation: Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elstein
authors.affiliation: Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Smoler Proteomics Center and Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziv
authors.affiliation: Smoler Proteomics Center and Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Admon
authors.affiliation: Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Erez Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Levanon
authors.affiliation: Eugene Bell Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00901, Puerto Rico. Electronic address: jrosenthal@mbl.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua J C
authors.initials: JJC
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Electronic address: elieis@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D049830:Cephalopoda / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017393:RNA Editing; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: ADAR; Epitranscriptome; RNA editing; RNA modifications; cephalopods; genome evolution; neural plasticity; proteome diversity