title: Brain and Spinal Cord MR Imaging Features in Multiple Sclerosis and Variants.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease, with the first symptoms mostly appearing early in life. In addition to the clinical and laboratory findings, imaging has become increasingly important for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. Because of its importance for these purposes, a high level of knowledge of imaging MS pathology and a standardization of the imaging acquisition, interpretation, and reporting is necessary. Here we will describe the MR imaging characteristics of MS pathology, the current imaging protocols, diagnostic criteria, and the differential diagnosis of MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.wattjes@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Mike P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wattjes
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Diagnostic criteria; Differential diagnosis; MR imaging; Multiple sclerosis; Protocol