title: The emerging role of endoscopic ultrasound for pancreaticobiliary diseases in the pediatric population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the pediatric population. Given the high accuracy and sensitivity of EUS, it is particularly effective in evaluating pancreaticobiliary disease. Published literature in the use of pediatric EUS is limited. Therefore we aimed to review the current literature for EUS indications, safety, and effectiveness for the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  English language articles on the use of pediatric endoscopic ultrasound in evaluating pancreaticobiliary diseases were retrieved from PubMed/ MEDLINE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed various retrospective studies and case series publications. Data were extrapolated for pediatric patients with pancreaticobiliary diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS offers superior imaging. It is comparible to magnetic resonance imaging and/or pancreatic-protocol computed tomography. In the current literature, there are a variety of pancreaticobiliary conditions where EUS was utilized to make a diagnosis. These include recurrent pancreatitis, congenital anomalies, microlithiasis, pancreatic pseudocysts, and pancreatic mass lesions. EUS was shown to be a safe and cost-effective modality with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in the pediatric population. EUS is now increasingly being recognized as a standard of care when evaluating pancreaticobiliary conditions in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, 180 Hilton Ave, Apt #D1, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA. surilpatelmd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suril
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, 180 Hilton Ave, Apt #D1, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA.
authors.forename: Jarred
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Fredric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daum
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, 180 Hilton Ave, Apt #D1, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D061214:Patient Safety; D010372:Pediatrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: endoscopic ultrasound; pancreatic mass; pancreaticobiliary