title: Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Declines in Response to an Oral Glucose Load and Is Correlated with Vitamin D and BMI but Not Diabetes Status in Children and Young Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is associated with obesity and diabetes complications in adults, yet little is known about PEDF in younger individuals. We investigated the relationship between PEDF and various metabolic biomarkers in young healthy volunteers (HV) and similar-aged patients with diabetes (type 1 and type 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  A fasting blood sample was collected in 48 HV, 11 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 11 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) 12-25 years of age. In 9 healthy subjects, PEDF was also serially measured during a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEDF was positively correlated with BMI and systolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with vitamin D. Upon multivariable analysis, BMI and vitamin D were independent predictors of PEDF. Prior to adjustment, PEDF was highest in T2D patients (7,168.9 ± 4417.4 ng/mL) and lowest in individuals with T1D (2,967.7 ± 947.1 ng/mL) but did not differ by diagnosis when adjusted for BMI and vitamin D. Among volunteers who underwent an OGTT, PEDF declined by ∼20% in response to an oral glucose load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEDF was acutely regulated by a glucose load and was correlated with BMI but not with diabetes. The negative correlation with vitamin D, independent of BMI, raises the question whether PEDF plays a compensatory role in bone matrix mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.|Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.|Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Allison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sylvetsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Najy T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.affiliation: Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Hussam J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Alamri
authors.affiliation: Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aitcheson
authors.affiliation: Clinical Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Rother
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005136:Eye Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D014807:Vitamin D; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
keywords: Adolescents; Bone; Diabetes; Metabolism; Obesity