title: A Novel Way to Measure and Predict Development: A Heuristic Approach to Facilitate the Early Detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substantial research exists focusing on the various aspects and domains of early human development. However, there is a clear blind spot in early postnatal development when dealing with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially those that manifest themselves clinically only in late infancy or even in childhood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This early developmental period may represent an important timeframe to study these disorders but has historically received far less research attention. We believe that only a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach will enable us to detect and delineate specific parameters for specific neurodevelopmental disorders at a very early age to improve early detection/diagnosis, enable prospective studies and eventually facilitate randomised trials of early intervention. In this article, we propose a dynamic framework for characterising neurofunctional biomarkers associated with specific disorders in the development of infants and children. We have named this automated detection 'Fingerprint Model', suggesting one possible approach to accurately and early identify neurodevelopmental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria. peter.marschik@medunigraz.at.|Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. peter.marschik@medunigraz.at.|BEE-PRI: Brain, Ears & Eyes-Pattern Recognition Initiative, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria. peter.marschik@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Marschik
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria.|BEE-PRI: Brain, Ears & Eyes-Pattern Recognition Initiative, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.|Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing group, MMK, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Pokorny
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria.|BEE-PRI: Brain, Ears & Eyes-Pattern Recognition Initiative, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peharz
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Dajie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Muircheartaigh
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roeyers
authors.affiliation: Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bölte
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spittle
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Berndt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urlesberger
authors.affiliation: Chair of Complex and Intelligent Systems, University of Passau, Passau, Germany.|Machine Learning Group, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Luise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, Davis Health System, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozonoff
authors.affiliation: Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pernkopf
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pock
authors.affiliation: Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tammimies
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enzinger
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krieber
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tomantschger
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Katrin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bartl-Pokorny
authors.affiliation: School of Education, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sigafoos
authors.affiliation: School of Education, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Social & Affective Neuroscience Lab, Division of Psychology-HSS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.|Affiliative Behaviour and Physiology Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gugatschka
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nielsen-Saines
authors.affiliation: Research Unit iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/5, 8010, Graz, Austria. christa.einspieler@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Einspieler
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.|Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Computer vision; Diagnosis; Early human development; Intelligent vocalisation analysis; Multidimensional assessment; Neurodevelopmental disorders