title: Antibiotics in the coastal water of the South Yellow Sea in China: Occurrence, distribution and ecological risks.
abstract: The occurrence and distribution of 25 antibiotics from 5 categories in Yancheng coastal area of the South Yellow Sea were investigated using solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that these antibiotics were widely present in this region with the total concentration up to 1349.2ng/L. Fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides were the most abundant categories contributing 46.5%, and 21.4% to the total antibiotics burden. Trimethoprim was the antibiotic detected in all the samples. The detection rates of erythromycin-H2O, sulfamethoxazole and florfenicol were 70.0%, 56.7% and 53.4%, respectively. The distribution of antibiotics demonstrated a seaward decreasing trend with the attenuation rate ranging from 0.07 to 0.19km-1in this region. Log total antibiotic concentrations was significantly correlated with DOC (dissolved organic carbon) contents, salinity and distance from the coast (p<0.05), which indicated the vital effect of these factors on the transport and fate of antibiotics. Risk assessment revealed that individual antibiotic could mainly pose a low to medium ecological risk, while the risk of antibiotic mixture on aquatic organisms needed further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: hxzhao@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Huaijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Antibiotics; Coastal area; Risk assessment; South Yellow Sea