title: Imaging Advances in Urolithiasis.
abstract: The prevalence of urinary stones in the United States has been described as 1 in 11 persons reporting a history of stones. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, management, and follow-up for these patients and imaging technology over the last 100 years has advanced as the disease prevalence has increased. CT remains the gold standard for imaging urolithiasis and changes in this technology, with the addition of multidetector CT and dual-energy CT, as well as the changes in utilization of CT, have decreased the radiation dose encountered by patients and allowed for improved stone detection. The use of digital tomography has been introduced for follow-up of recurrent stone formers offering the potential to lower radiation exposure over the course of a patient's lifelong treatment. However, there is still a demand for improved imaging techniques to detect smaller stones and stones in larger patients at lower radiation doses as well as the continued need for the judicious use of all imaging modalities for healthcare cost containment and patient safety.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.|2 Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Rajan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipkin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Preminger
mesh_terms: D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: advances; digital tomography; imaging; radiation; technology; urolithiasis