title: Impact of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy young to middle-aged working men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It remains to be fully clarified whether there is a relationship between uncontrolled dyslipidemia and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the general population. Therefore, this study's aim was to test the association of dyslipidemia with changes in eGFR in apparently healthy working men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively examined the annual medical check-up list of 14,510 male workers aged 20-60 years with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2at baseline, and then evaluated the association of the changes in the check-up parameters with a decline in eGFR during the 5-year observation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age and eGFR were 38.5 years and 82.3 mL/min/1.73 m2at baseline, respectively. Evaluated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (≥140 mg/dL) was a strong indicator of CKD development in participants (basal eGFR 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m2) without hypertension [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.46 (1.12-1.90)] or diabetes mellitus (DM) [1.49 (1.23-1.82)]. When LDL-C normalized under 140 mg/dL during follow-up, the decline in eGFR was smaller in non-hypertensive participants [-5.9 (-14.4 to -0.9) vs -13.4 (-18.4 to -4.5) mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.05]. There was an inverse correlation between change of LDL-C and decline in eGFR (p for trend <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased LDL-C levels are associated with the development of incident CKD and eGFR decline in young to middle-aged working men without hypertension and/or DM.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan. akihiro_k@me.com.|Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi, Hamamatsu, 431-3125, Japan. akihiro_k@me.com.|Health Care Center, Central Japan Railway Company, 68 Kurogane, Aoi, Shizuoka, 420-0851, Japan. akihiro_k@me.com.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuma
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Center, Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., 2500 Shingai, Iwata, 438-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Bungo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Center, Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., 2500 Shingai, Iwata, 438-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.affiliation: Health Care Center, Central Japan Railway Company, 68 Kurogane, Aoi, Shizuoka, 420-0851, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Health Care Center, Central Japan Railway Company, 68 Kurogane, Aoi, Shizuoka, 420-0851, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enta
authors.affiliation: Kidney Center, University Hospital of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuji
authors.affiliation: Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi, Hamamatsu, 431-3125, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D012016:Reference Values; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Dyslipidemia; Health check-up; Metabolic syndrome; Occupational health