title: Long-Term Intake ofUncaria rhynchophyllaReduces S100B and RAGE Protein Levels in Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Seizures Rats.
abstract: Epileptic seizures are crucial clinical manifestations of recurrent neuronal discharges in the brain. An imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal discharges causes brain damage and cell loss. Herbal medicines offer alternative treatment options for epilepsy because of their low cost and few side effects. We established a rat epilepsy model by injecting kainic acid (KA, 12 mg/kg, i.p.) and subsequently investigated the effect ofUncaria rhynchophylla(UR) and its underlying mechanisms. Electroencephalogram and epileptic behaviors revealed that the KA injection induced epileptic seizures. Following KA injection, S100B levels increased in the hippocampus. This phenomenon was attenuated by the oral administration of UR and valproic acid (VA, 250 mg/kg). Both drugs significantly reversed receptor potentiation for advanced glycation end product proteins. Rats with KA-induced epilepsy exhibited no increase in the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and chemokine receptor type 2, which play a role in inflammation. Our results provide novel and detailed mechanisms, explaining the role of UR in KA-induced epileptic seizures in hippocampal CA1 neurons.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nou-Ying
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7204-8837
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tin-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Yi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1423-1283
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Ko Da Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Taoyuan 324, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Liang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8187-4716
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh