title: Sustained release of anticancer agent phytic acid from its chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles for drug-delivery system.
abstract: Chitosan (CS) iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were coated with phytic acid (PTA) to form phytic acid-chitosan-iron oxide nanocomposite (PTA-CS-MNP). The obtained nanocomposite and nanocarrier were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermal analysis of MNPs and PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite confirmed the binding of CS on the surface of MNPs and the loading of PTA in the PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite. The coating process enhanced the thermal stability of the anticancer nanocomposite obtained. X-ray diffraction results showed that the MNPs and PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite are pure magnetite. Drug loading was estimated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and showing a 12.9% in the designed nanocomposite. Magnetization curves demonstrated that the synthesized MNPs and nanocomposite were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetizations of 53.25 emu/g and 42.15 emu/g, respectively. The release study showed that around 86% and 93% of PTA from PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite could be released within 127 and 56 hours by a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 4.8, respectively, in a sustained manner and governed by pseudo-second order kinetic model. The cytotoxicity of the compounds on HT-29 colon cancer cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The HT-29 cell line was more sensitive against PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite than PTA alone. No cytotoxic effect was observed on normal cells (3T3 fibroblast cells). This result indicates that PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells without causing any harm to normal cell.
authors.affiliation: Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Farahnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barahuie
authors.affiliation: Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dorniani
authors.affiliation: Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Bullo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saifullah
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sivapragasam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gothai
authors.affiliation: Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Zobir
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandurangan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arulselvan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Esa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Norhaizan
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011208:Powders; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011208:Powders; D010833:Phytic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: HT-29 cell line; chitosan; controlled release; drug delivery; nanocomposite; phytic acid