title: Rat tissue reaction and cytokine production induced by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) inactivates the target cell via reactions among the photosensitizer (PS), Laser or Led and O2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue reaction and cytokine production promoted by aPDT with curcumin photosensitizer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyethylene tubes containing saline solution (control), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and aPDT with curcumin PS 500mg/L, were implanted into dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats. After 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90days of implantation, the animals were euthanized and the tubes with surrounding tissues were removed. The specimens were divided in two part, one half was processed, fixed and prepared for histological analysis by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The other half was collected for IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine production using ELISA assay. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test (p<0.05) for tissue reaction and ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's correction (p<0.05) for ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed severe tissue reactions at 7days, whilst a significantly decrease by time was observed. Regarding to cytokine production, aPDT increases the IL-1β levels in all periods of time (p<0.05). However, for IL-6 levels, the highest value was observed with aPDT on the 90th day (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  aPDT with curcumin PS 500mg/L demonstrated biocompatibility similar to saline solution and induced the IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavosivieri@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sivieri-Araujo
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: indiaodonto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Índia Olinta de Azevedo
authors.initials: ÍOA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: renandalfabro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Renan Dal
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fabbro
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: nanda.esteves@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esteves
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: lucianocintra@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Luciano Tavares Angelo
authors.initials: LTA
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ptobias@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Paulo Carvalho Tobias
authors.initials: PCT
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Optics Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: vander@ifsc.usp.br.
authors.forename: Vanderlei Salvador
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Science, Discipline of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: shpoliv@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Sandra Helena Penha
authors.initials: SHP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: joao@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: João Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gomes-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Biocompatibility; Cytokine; Endodontic treatment; Root canal irrigants