title: Investigating Proteome and Transcriptome Defense Response of Apples Induced by Yarrowia lipolytica.
abstract: A better understanding of the mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents on fruit surfaces is critical for the advancement of successful implementation of postharvest biocontrol products. This is due to the increasing importance of biological control of postharvest diseases over chemical and other control methods. However, most of the mechanisms involved in biological control remain unknown and need to be explored. Yarrowia lipolytica significantly inhibited blue mold decay of apples caused by Penicillium expansum. The findings also demonstrated that Y. lipolytica stimulated the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, chitinase, l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase involved in enhancing defense responses in apple fruit tissue. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 35 proteins identified as up- and down-regulated in response to the Y. lipolytica inducement. These proteins were related to defense, biotic stimulus, and stress responses, such as pathogenesis-related proteins and dehydrin. The analysis of the transcriptome results proved that the induced resistance was mediated by a crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene/jasmonate (ET/JA) pathways. Y. lipolytica treatment activated the expression of isochorismate synthase gene in the SA pathway, which up-regulates the expression of PR4 in apple. The expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene and ET-responsive transcription factors 2 and 4, which are involved in the ET pathway, were also activated. In addition, cytochrome oxidase I, which plays an important role in JA signaling for resistance acquisition, was also activated. However, not all of the genes had a positive effect on the SA and ET/JA signal pathways. As transcriptional repressors in JA signaling, TIFY3B and TIFY11B were triggered by the yeast, but the gene expression levels were relatively low. Taken together, Y. lipolytica induced the SA and ET/JA signal mediating the defense pathways by stimulating defense response genes, such as peroxidase, thaumatin-like protein, and chitinase 4-like, which are involved in defense response in apple. [Formula: see text]
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Hongyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University.
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Qiya
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D017343:Genes, Plant; D027845:Malus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D025062:Yarrowia / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D014157:Transcription Factors; C011006:jasmonic acid; C036216:ethylene; D020156:Salicylic Acid