title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a daily urology practice and to determine its association with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted. Data from all male patients aged ≥40 years who attended our outpatient urology clinic from 2010 to 2011 was collected. Prevalence of MetS was determined, and LUTS and ED were assessed. A logistic model was used to determine possible associations, controlling for confounders and interaction factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 616 patients were included. MetS was observed in 43.8% (95% CI 39.6-48.3). The bivariate model showed an association between MetS and LUTS (p<0.01), but not between MetS and ED. The logistic model showed an association between MetS and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), while controlling for other variables. Patients exhibiting moderate LUTS had a greater risk for MetS than patients with mild LUTS (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.14-2.94). After analyzing for individual components of MetS, positive associations were found between diabetes and severe LUTS (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.24-7.1), and between diabetes and ED (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.12-5.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was able to confirm an association between MetS and LUTS, but not for ED. Specific components such as diabetes were associated to both. Geographical differences previously reported in the literature might account for these findings. Given that MetS is frequent among urological patients, it is advisable that urologists actively screen for it.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Electronic address: mplata@uniandes.edu.co.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plata
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Caicedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Á M
authors.initials: ÁM
authors.lastname: Mariño-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cataño-Cataño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robledo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014572:Urology
keywords: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Disfunción eréctil; Erectile dysfunction; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Metabolic syndrome; Obesidad; Obesity; Síndrome metabólico; Síntomas del tracto urinario inferior