title: Th1 and Innate Lymphoid Cells Accumulate in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] is an idiopathic chronic disorder of the hepatobiliary system associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], mainly ulcerative colitis [UC]. Colitis in patients with PSC and UC [PSC-UC] exhibits characteristic features and is linked to increased colon cancer risk. Genetic studies have identified immune-related susceptibility genes that only partially overlap with those involved in IBD. These observations suggest that PSC-UC may represent a distinct form of IBD. It remains to be elucidated whether different immune mechanisms are involved in colitis in these patients. We aimed to evaluate systemic and intestinal T cell and innate lymphoid cell [ILC] responses, previously associated with IBD, in patients with PSC-UC compared with patients with UC and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples and colorectal biopsies were collected from patients with PSC-UC, patients with UC, and healthy controls. T cell and ILC phenotypes were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemokine receptor [CCR] profiling of circulating T cells showed decreased CCR6-CXCR3+ Th1 cells in PSC-UC, but increased CCR6-CCR4+ Th2 cells only in UC, whereas increased CCR6+CCR4+ Th17 cells were found in both patient groups compared with healthy controls. Increased frequencies of IFN-γ secreting T cells were found in the colon of patients with PSC-UC compared with UC. Interestingly, we observed accumulation of ILC in the colon in PSC-UC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that PSC-UC represents a different immunological disorder from UC, characterised by increased intestinal Th1 and ILC responses. These results provide further evidence that PSC-UC may represent a distinct form of IBD.
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gwela
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siddhanathi
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Powrie
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Carolina V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Arancibia-Cárcamo
authors.affiliation: Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geremia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; immune response; inflammatory bowel disease