title: Effects of Tempol and Quercetin on Human Sperm Function after Cryopreservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND: Quercetin is a flavonoid with high reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and ion chelating activity. It also enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces enzymatic activity such as NADPH oxidase and NADH-dependent oxido-reductase. Tempol, as a superoxide dismutase mimetic agent, converts superoxide to less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but cannot reduce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals in Fenton or Haber-Weiss reactions mediated with free iron or cupper.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was to compare the effect of Quercetin and Tempol in an optimized commercial cryo-protective media on ROS induced cryoinjury for the first time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following administration of these compounds during freezing process, sperm motility, viability, ROS production and DNA integrity were assessed before and after freezing/thawing process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed that 10 µM Quercetin and 5 µM Tempol significantly improved sperm motility and viability, but they together had no additive effect. Supplementation with Quercetin alone or combination of Quercetin with Tempol decrease the ROS concentration, but the reduction was not significant for Tempol alone compared to control group. Quercetin and Tempol significantly decrease DNA fragmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The supplementation of Quercetin or Tempol, but not their combination improves the quality of cryopreserved human semen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biotechnology. Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biotechnology. Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavalaee
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biotechnology. Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Deemeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biotechnology. Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arbabian
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biotechnology. Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran. mh.nasr-esfahani@royaninstitute.org.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nasr-Esfahani
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013113:Spin Labels; D011794:Quercetin; C001803:tempol