title: Quantitative effects of acquisition duration and temporal resolution on the measurement accuracy of prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data: a phantom study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the temporal resolution (Tres) and acquisition duration (AD) on the measurement accuracy of contrast concentration-time curves (CTCs), and derived phenomenological and pharmacokinetic parameter values, in a dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI experiment using a novel phantom test device.
  
  
  METHODS
  'Ground truth' CTCs were established using a highly precise optical imaging system. These precisely known CTCs were produced in an anthropomorphic environment, which mimicked the male pelvic region, and presented to the MRI scanner for measurement. The Treswas varied in the range [2-24.4 s] and the AD in the range [30-600 s], and the effects on the measurement accuracy were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For wash-in parameter measurements, large underestimation errors (up to 40%) were found using Tresvalues ≥16.3 s; however, the measured wash-out rate did not vary greatly across all Tresvalues tested. Errors in derived Ktransand vevalues were below 14 and 12% for acquisitions with {Tres≤ 8.1 s, AD ≥ 360 s} and {Tres≤ 16.3 s, AD ≥ 360 s}, respectively, but increased dramatically outside these ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Errors in measured wash-in, wash-out, Ktrans, and veparameters were minimised using Tres≤ 8.1 s and AD ≥ 360 s, with large errors recorded outside of this range.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity College University of Dublin / National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
authors.forename: Silvin Paul
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-4870
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Medical Ultrasound Physics and Technology Group, Centre of Industrial Engineering Optics, FOCAS, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jacinta Elizabeth
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity College University of Dublin / National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
authors.forename: James Frances Mary
authors.initials: JFM
authors.lastname: Meaney
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity College University of Dublin / National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. faganan@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Andrew John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fagan
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Dynamic contrast-enhanced; Imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Phantoms; Pharmacokinetics; Prostate