title: Ion Selectivity of the Flagellar Motors Derived from the Alkaliphilic Bacillus and Paenibacillus Species.
abstract: Many bacteria can swim using their flagella, which are filamentous organelles that extend from the cell surface. The flagellar motor is energized by either a proton (H+) or sodium ion (Na+) as the motive force. MotAB-type stators use protons, whereas MotPS- and PomAB-type stators use Na+as the coupling ions. Recently, alkaliphilic Bacillus alcalophilus was shown to use potassium ions (K+) and rubidium ions (Rb+) for flagellar rotation, and the flagellar motor from Paenibacillus sp. TCA-20 uses divalent cations such as magnesium ions (Mg2+), calcium ions (Ca2+), and strontium ions (Sr2+) for coupling. In this chapter, we focus on how to identify the coupling ions for flagellar rotation of alkaliphilic Bacillus and Paenibacillus species.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan. masahiro.ito@toyo.jp.|Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan. masahiro.ito@toyo.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000378:metabolism; D005407:Flagella / Q000378:metabolism*; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D007477:Ions; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D011522:Protons; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Alkaliphiles; Bacillus; Divalent cation; Flagellar motor; Paenibacillus; Stator