title: Flash glucose monitoring system may benefit children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes during fasting at Ramadan.
abstract: To assess the benefit of using the flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during Ramadan fasting. Methods: A prospective pilot study of 51 participants visited the pediatric diabetes clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from between June until and July 2016. The FreeStyle® Libre™ FGMS (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) was used. Hypoglycemia was defined as glucose values of less than 70 mg/dL, while hyperglycemia as glucose values of more than 150 mg/dL for all participants based on our institute's protocol. Results: Participants were able to fast for 67.0% of the total days eligible for fasting, whereas they did not fast on 33% of the days due to either hypoglycemia (15.4%) or non-diabetes-related reasons (17.6 %). None of the participants developed severe hypoglycemia. The mean number of hyperglycemic episodes during fasting hours was 1.29, per day, which was higher than that of hypoglycemic episodes (0.7). None of the participants developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Glycemic control with mean of estimated hemoglobin A1C reading during Ramadan (8.16 ± 1.64% [pre study]) to 8.2 ± 1.63% [post study] p=0.932. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with T1DM who use the FGMS could fast without the risk of life-threatening episodes of severe hypoglycemia (namely seizure, coma), or DKA during Ramadan. Adequate education and good glycemic control prior to Ramadan are important strategies in combination with the use of an FGMS to achieve better outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. aagha@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Abdulmoein E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Al-Agha
authors.forename: Shahd E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kafi
authors.forename: Abdullah M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zain Aldeen
authors.forename: Raghdah H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Khadwardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000097:blood; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin