title: Microbial degradation of chloroethenes: a review.
abstract: Contamination by chloroethenes has a severe negative effect on both the environment and human health. This has prompted intensive remediation activity in recent years, along with research into the efficacy of natural microbial communities for degrading toxic chloroethenes into less harmful compounds. Microbial degradation of chloroethenes can take place either through anaerobic organohalide respiration, where chloroethenes serve as electron acceptors; anaerobic and aerobic metabolic degradation, where chloroethenes are used as electron donors; or anaerobic and aerobic co-metabolic degradation, with chloroethene degradation occurring as a by-product during microbial metabolism of other growth substrates, without energy or carbon benefit. Recent research has focused on optimising these natural processes to serve as effective bioremediation technologies, with particular emphasis on (a) the diversity and role of bacterial groups involved in dechlorination microbial processes, and (b) detection of bacterial enzymes and genes connected with dehalogenation activity. In this review, we summarise the different mechanisms of chloroethene bacterial degradation suitable for bioremediation and provide a list of dechlorinating bacteria. We also provide an up-to-date summary of primers available for detecting functional genes in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria degrading chloroethenes metabolically or co-metabolically.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dolinová
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Štrojsová
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Černík
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Němeček
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiřina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macháčková
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic. alena.sevcu@tul.cz.|Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic. alena.sevcu@tul.cz.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-704X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ševců
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D054879:Halogenation; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism; D014752:Vinyl Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013750:Tetrachloroethylene; D014752:Vinyl Chloride
keywords: Biodegradation; Biological reductive dehalogenation; Cis-1,2-dichloroethene; Co-metabolic degradation; Organohalide respiration; Tetrachloroethene; Trichloroethene; Vinyl chloride