title: Elimination of dioxins in milk by dairy cows after the long-term intake of contaminated sugar beet pellets.
abstract: Dried feed materials, such as sugar beet pellets, may be a source of high levels of PCDD/Fs. The studies followed up dioxin congener elimination from contaminated milk (5.02 ± 1.39 pg WHO PCDD/F-PCBs-TEQ g-1fat) up to 338 days after withdrawal of polluted feed ingredient (4.37 ± 0.25 ng PCDD/F/DL-PCBs-TEQ kg-1feed). The main objectives of the study were to estimate the length of the time needed to achieve an acceptable PCDD/F milk level as set by European Union law, to track the fate of the PCDD/F congeners, and to assess the potential risk for consumers associated with long-term consumption of contaminated milk. After approximately 200 days, the PCDD/F levels reached ML (2.5 pg WHO-TEQ g-1fat), then decreased to the action level after more than 300 days (1.75 pg WHO-TEQ g-1fat) for most of cows. The potential risk of PCDD/F/DL-PCBs intake was characterised by comparing the theoretically calculated weekly and monthly intakes with the toxicological reference values (TRVs). The dioxin intake for the average adult and high-milk consumers did not exceed half of any of the TRVs applied (TWI, PTMI). The consumption of milk by children in the amount recommended by nutritionists (500 ml day-1) resulted in an exposure equal to 317% TWI and 275% PTMI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Radiobiology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piskorska-Pliszczynska
authors.affiliation: a Department of Radiobiology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maszewski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Radiobiology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland.
authors.forename: Szczepan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikolajczyk
authors.affiliation: a Department of Radiobiology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pajurek
authors.affiliation: b Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment , National Institute of Public Health and National Institute of Hygiene , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-283X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strucinski
authors.affiliation: c District Veterinary Inspectorate , Kolbuszowa , Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olszowy
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins
keywords: Dioxins; cow milk; dried feedstuffs; elimination; exposure; risk assessment