title: Validation of commercially available sphingosine kinase 2 antibodies for use in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.
abstract: Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) is a ubiquitously expressed lipid kinase that has important, albeit complex and poorly understood, roles in regulating cell survival and cell death. In addition to being able to promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis under certain conditions, it has recently been shown that SK2 can promote neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesisin vivo. Therefore, well validated and reliable tools are required to study and better understand the true functions of SK2. Here, we compare two commercially available SK2 antibodies: a rabbit polyclonal antibody from Proteintech that recognizes amino acids 266-618 of human SK2a, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody from ECM Biosciences that recognizes amino acids 36-52 of human SK2a. We examine the performance of these antibodies for use in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining of endogenous SK2, using human HEK293 and HeLa cell lines, as well as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, we assess the specificity of these antibodies to the target protein through the use of siRNA-mediated SK2 knockdown and SK2 knockout (Sphk2-/-) MEFs. Our results demonstrate that the Proteintech anti-SK2 antibody reproducibly displayed superior sensitivity and selectivity towards SK2 in immunoblot analyses, while the ECM Biosciences anti-SK2 antibody was reproducibly superior for SK2 immunoprecipitation and detection by immunofluorescence staining. Notably, both antibodies produced non-specific bands and staining in the MEFs, which was not observed with the human cell lines. Therefore, we conclude that the Proteintech SK2 antibody is a valuable reagent for use in immunoblot analyses, and the ECM Biosciences SK2 antibody is a useful tool for SK2 immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining, at least in the human cell lines employed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Heidi A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7372-7786
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9527-2740
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pitson
keywords: Sphingosine kinase 2; antibody validation; immunoblotting; immunofluorescence; immunoprecipitation