title: Discerning the clinical relevance of biomarkers in early stage breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior data suggest that breast cancer patients accept significant toxicity for small benefit. It is unclear whether personalized estimations of risk or benefit likelihood that could be provided by biomarkers alter treatment decisions in the curative setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A choice-based conjoint (CBC) survey was conducted in 417 HER2-negative breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy in the curative setting. The survey presented pairs of treatment choices derived from common taxane- and anthracycline-based regimens, varying in degree of benefit by risk of recurrence and in toxicity profile, including peripheral neuropathy (PN) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Hypothetical biomarkers shifting benefit and toxicity risk were modeled to determine whether this knowledge alters choice. Previously identified biomarkers were evaluated using this model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on CBC analysis, a non-anthracycline regimen was the most preferred. Patients with prior PN had a similar preference for a taxane regimen as those who were PN naïve, but more dramatically shifted preference away from taxanes when PN was described as severe/irreversible. When modeled after hypothetical biomarkers, as the likelihood of PN increased, the preference for taxane-containing regimens decreased; similarly, as the likelihood of CHF increased, the preference for anthracycline regimens decreased. When evaluating validated biomarkers for PN and CHF, this knowledge did alter regimen preference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients faced with multi-faceted decisions consider personal experience and perceived risk of recurrent disease. Biomarkers providing information on likelihood of toxicity risk do influence treatment choices, and patients may accept reduced benefit when faced with higher risk of toxicity in the curative setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Tarah J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ballinger
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Nawal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Guanglong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Research Advocacy Network, Plano, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Research Advocacy Network, Plano, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Elda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Railey
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University Smeal College of Business, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.affiliation: Carol B White & Associates, Inc., Carol Stream, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. bpschnei@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D043823:Taxoids
keywords: Breast cancer; Congestive heart failure; Conjoint analysis; Genetic biomarker; Peripheral neuropathy