title: Typical atmospheric haze during crop harvest season in northeastern China: A case in the Changchun region.
abstract: This study presents the mass concentrations of PM2.5, O3, SO2and NOxat one urban, one suburban and two rural locations in the Changchun region from September 25 to October 27 2013. Major chemical components of PM2.5at the four sites were daily sampled and analyzed. Most of daily concentrations of SO2(7-82μg/m3), O3(27-171μg/m3) and NOx(14-213μg/m3) were below the limits of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in China. However, PM2.5concentrations (143-168μg/m3) were 2-fold higher than NAAQS.Higher PM2.5concentrations (~150μg/m3) were measured during the pre-harvest and harvest at the urban site, while PM2.5concentrations significantly increased from 250 to 400μgm-3at suburban and rural sites with widespread biomass burning. At all sites, PM2.5components were dominated by organic carbon (OC) and followed by soluble component sulfate (SO42-), ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Compared with rural sites, urban site had a higher mineral contribution and lower potassium (K+and K) contribution to PM2.5. Severe atmospheric haze events that occurred from October 21 to 23 were attributed to strong source emissions (e.g., biomass burning) and unfavorable air diffusion conditions. Furthermore, coal burning originating from winter heating supply beginning on October 18 increased the atmospheric pollutant emissions. For entire crop harvest period, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis indicated five important emission contributors in the Changchun region, as follows: secondary aerosol (39%), biomass burning (20%), supply heating (18%), soil/road dust (14%) and traffic (9%).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China. Electronic address: chenweiwei@iga.ac.cn.
authors.forename: WeiWei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Institute for Climate & Satellites, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing 100054, China.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
authors.forename: ShiChun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
authors.forename: XueLei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: YuePeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Aerosol; Agriculture; Air quality; Biomass burning; PM(2.5); PMF