title: The Inflammatory CXC Chemokines, GROαhigh, IP-10low, and MIGlow, in Tumor Microenvironment Can Be Used as New Indicators for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical significance of tumor tissue-infiltrating chemokines expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) microenvironment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh tissue samples were acquired from 50 patients with NSCLC after operation. Then, we quantified the total protein with the BCA Protein Assay Kit and tested 13 chemotactic factors in paired samples including tumor tissues, tumor adjacent tissues, and normal tissues with the CBA Kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the chemokine CC subfamily of MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MIP-3α and the chemokine CXC subfamily of IL-8, GROα, IP-10, and MIG expressions in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in tumor-adjacent tissues and normal tissues. However, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), human thymus activation regulated chemokine (TARC), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11), interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), and ENA-78 expressions did not show significant difference. Analyzing the influence of chemokine expression level in tumor tissues on disease progression, we found the median progression-free survival (mPFS) of patients with GROαhighwas significantly lower than those with GROαlow; mPFS of patients with IP-10lowwas significantly lower than those with IP-10high; and mPFS of patients with MIGlowwas significantly lower than those with MIGhigh. However, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, and IL-8 had no significant value to elevate the mPFS of patients with NSCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, tumor tissue-infiltrating CXC chemokines, GROαhigh, IP-10low, and MIGlowin the tumor microenvironment can be used as potential indicators for the progression of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.|b Department of Medical Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.|c Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.|b Department of Medical Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Zhenxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Guangbo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis*; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9
keywords: Chemokines; NSCLC; PFS; progression; tumor microenvironment