title: Chlorosis caused by two recessively interacting genes reveals a role of RNA helicase in hybrid breakdown in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Hybrids often differ in fitness from their parents. They may be superior, translating into hybrid vigour or heterosis, but they may also be markedly inferior, because of hybrid weakness or incompatibility. The underlying genetic causes for the latter can often be traced back to genes that evolve rapidly because of sexual or host-pathogen conflicts. Hybrid weakness may manifest itself only in later generations, in a phenomenon called hybrid breakdown. We have characterized a case of hybrid breakdown among two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, Shahdara (Sha, Tajikistan) and Lövvik-5 (Lov-5, Northern Sweden). In addition to chlorosis, a fraction of the F2plants have defects in leaf and embryo development, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Hybrid chlorosis is due to two major-effect loci, of which one, originating from Lov-5, appears to encode an RNA helicase (AtRH18). To examine the role of the chlorosis allele in the Lövvik area, in addition to eight accessions collected in 2009, we collected another 240 accessions from 15 collections sites, including Lövvik, from Northern Sweden in 2015. Genotyping revealed that Lövvik collection site is separated from the rest. Crosses between 109 accessions from this area and Sha revealed 85 cases of hybrid chlorosis, indicating that the chlorosis-causing allele is common in this area. These results suggest that hybrid breakdown alleles not only occur at rapidly evolving loci, but also at genes that code for conserved processes.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plötner
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Korbinian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.affiliation: Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
authors.forename: Svante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vaid
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark Aurel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schöttler
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoefgen
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Roosa A E
authors.initials: RAE
authors.lastname: Laitinen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002678:Chimera; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006823:Hybrid Vigor; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D020365:RNA Helicases
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; RNA helicase; chlorosis; hybrid breakdown; local adaptation