title: Ear, Nose and Throat Foreign Bodies Removed under General Anaesthesia: A Retrospective Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For Otorhinolaryngologist, removal of Foreign Bodies (FB) from the ear, nose and throat is one of the common emergency procedures done. Most of the cases especially of the ear and nose can be managed without General Anaesthesia (GA). But in some cases GA may be needed. There are very few studies that address the scenario of ear, nose and throat foreign body that required GA for its removal and the complications associated with it.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted with the aim to study the patient's profile, types and distribution of FB removed under GA, and the associated complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is a hospital based retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in association with Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care in North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India from year 2009 to 2014. Information was collected from indoor patient file and operation record book. Those patients where foreign body was not found after examination under GA were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 112 cases of foreign body in ear, nose and throat removed under GA were selected. There was variation of age from youngest case being 11 months to 74 years with a slight male predominance. Two third of the patients belonged to paediatric age group. Most of the FB were inanimate with high number of inorganic type found in majority. Foreign body in food passage was found in most cases. Coin and meat bone were the common FB in children and adults respectively. We found no complications related to removal of foreign body from the food passage and nose. But some complications were seen in foreign body of ear and tracheo-bronchial tree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ear, nose and throat FB that required GA were seen in all age groups. FB of food passage constitute the majority. Type of foreign body varies between children and adults. In children most common types were related to toys and their part and food materials. In adults, food materials were most common.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, NEIGRIHMS , Shillong, India .
authors.forename: Neizekhotuo Brian
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Shunyu
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, NEIGRIHMS , Shillong, India .
authors.forename: Hanifa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, NEIGRIHMS , Shillong, India .
authors.forename: Habib Md Rezaul
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, NEIGRIHMS , Shillong, India .
authors.forename: Nari M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lyngdoh
authors.affiliation: Additional Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, NEIGRIHMS , Shillong, India .
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine and Emergency Medicine, NEIGRIHMS , Shillong, India .
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamil
keywords: Complications; Foreign body; General anaesthesia; Otorhinolaryngology