title: Investigation on the role of consumer health orientation in the use of food labels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the relationship between health orientation (i.e. individual motivation to engage in healthy attitudes, beliefs and behaviours) and consumers' use of nutritional information on food labels. Specifically, this study analysed the relationship between a number of direct investments in health (namely those behaviours that can contribute directly to maintain a good health status) and use of nutritional information on food labels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for the analysis were collected through face-to-face interviews with a sample of 540 Italian consumers in charge of their grocery shopping. Forty grocery stores, including supermarkets and hypermarkets, were selected using a systematic sampling technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analysed using three equations and accounting for endogeneity issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study found that those consumer groups with low health orientation (specifically smokers, those who do not exercise regularly, and those with an unhealthy body weight) show little interest in nutritional labels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutritional labels as a tool to promote healthier food choices have a limited effect on those consumers in greatest need of pursuing healthier lifestyle habits. Alternative policy intervention should be undertaken to reach these consumer groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: elisa.demarchi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banterle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003258:Consumer Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D036301:Qualitative Research; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Consumer behaviour; Consumer health; Food economics; Food label; Food policy; Health orientation