title: Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamaldehyde Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in Carrot Juice and Mixed Berry Juice Held at 4°C and 12°C.
abstract: The effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde for inactivating Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in carrot juice (CRJ) and mixed berry juice (MBJ) was investigated. Brain heart infusion broth (BHI), CRJ, and MBJ, with concentrations of added cinnamaldehyde ranging from 0.15 to 1.5 μL/mL, 0.25 to 2.0 μL/mL, and 0.25 to 1.5 μL/mL, respectively, were each inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli O157:H7 to give an initial viable count of 5.07 log10colony-forming units/mL. Inoculated BHI or juices without cinnamaldehyde served as controls. Growth of the pathogens in BHI (35°C) was monitored by taking absorbance readings (optical density [OD] 600 nm) for 24 h. The inoculated juices were held at 4°C or 12°C for 24 h, and numbers of viable pathogens were determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h by plating samples on selective agar followed by incubation (35°C) and counting bacterial colonies at 48 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamaldehyde for both pathogens in BHI was 0.25 μL/mL. The pathogens were more sensitive to cinnamaldehyde in MBJ compared with CRJ, irrespective of storage temperature (p < 0.05). At 4°C, cinnamaldehyde (1.5 μL/mL) completely inactivated S. enterica and E. coli in MBJ (negative by enrichment) within 2 h and 8 h, respectively; whereas both pathogens were detected in CRJ (4°C; with 2.0 μL/mL cinnamaldehyde) at 8 and 24 h. At 12°C, S. enterica and E. coli were undetected in MBJ (1.5 μL/mL cinnamaldehyde) within 2 and 4 h, respectively; however, in CRJ (12°C; 2.0 μL/mL cinnamaldehyde), complete inactivation of S. enterica and E. coli occurred within 4 and 24 h, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde is an effective antimicrobial from natural sources that can be used for inactivating bacterial pathogens in fruit and vegetable juices to enhance microbial safety of these nutritious food products.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: Aubrey F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mendonca
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.|3 Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati , Galati, Romania .
authors.forename: Aura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daraba
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.|2 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sebranek
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 4 Evonik Corporation , Blair, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Shecoya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000382:microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: Escherichia coli; Salmonella; antimicrobial; cinnamaldehyde; juices