title: GPCR-Mediated Signaling of Metabolites.
abstract: In addition to their bioenergetic intracellular function, several classical metabolites act as extracellular signaling molecules activating cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), similar to hormones and neurotransmitters. "Signaling metabolites" generated from nutrients or by gut microbiota target primarily enteroendocrine, neuronal, and immune cells in the lamina propria of the gut mucosa and the liver and, through these tissues, the rest of the body. In contrast, metabolites from the intermediary metabolism act mainly as metabolic stress-induced autocrine and paracrine signals in adipose tissue, the liver, and the endocrine pancreas. Importantly, distinct metabolite GPCRs act as efficient pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of key immune cells, and signaling metabolites may thus function as important drivers of the low-grade inflammation associated with insulin resistance and obesity. The concept of key metabolites as ligands for specific GPCRs has broadened our understanding of metabolic signaling significantly and provides a number of novel potential drug targets.
authors.affiliation: Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anna Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Husted
authors.affiliation: Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauelsen
authors.affiliation: Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rudenko
authors.affiliation: Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Siv A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hjorth
authors.affiliation: Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: tws@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Thue W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019858:Enteroendocrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D055442:Metabolome; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: GPCR; adipose tissue; autocrine; beta cell; gut microbiota; low-grade inflammation; metabolic stress; metabolite signaling; nutrient sensing; paracrine