title: Smoking Behavior and Exposure: Results of a Menthol Cigarette Cross-over Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to improve understanding of the differences in use behavior and exposure when smoking menthol and non-menthol cigarettes using a 2-part cross-over design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult daily smokers were assigned randomly to alternate between 2 weeks of exclusively smoking a menthol test cigarette or a non-menthol test cigarette. Urine and saliva were collected for biomarker measurements; carbon monoxide (CO) was measured, and participants smoked test cigarettes through a CreSS® smoking topography device during 3 clinic visits. Participants turned in their cigarette butts from the test periods for determination of mouth level nicotine and completed subjective questionnaires related to the test cigarettes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of cigarette preference, participants had higher salivary cotinine when smoking the non-menthol test cigarette, but there were no significant differences detected in urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol between the 2 test cigarettes. Mouth level nicotine, puff volume, and puff duration were significantly higher when smoking the menthol brand. Both menthol and non-menthol smokers reported significantly lower enjoyment and satisfaction scores for test cigarettes compared with their brand of choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that mentholation has an effect on measures of smoking behavior and that mouth level nicotine is a useful indicator of between-brand smoke exposure.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA;, Email: cvaughan@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Christina Vaughan
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: B Rey
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sosnoff
authors.affiliation: Battelle Memorial Institute, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCraw
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Xizheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008610:Menthol; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008610:Menthol; D009538:Nicotine