title: Differences in Mothers' and Children's Dietary Intake during Physical and Sedentary Activities: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity and diet are major modifiable health behaviors contributing to obesity risk. Although patterns of these behaviors tend to cluster within individuals and within family units, it is unknown to what extent healthy and unhealthy dietary intake might differentially accompany sedentary and physical activities in mothers compared with their children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to examine differences in co-occurrence of activities and dietary intake between mothers and children, as measured in real time using ecological momentary assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined cross-sectional data from 175 mothers and their children aged 8 to 12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed 8 days of ecological momentary assessment surveys, reporting on whether the following activities had occurred during the past 2 hours: sedentary screen activity, physical activity, and intake of healthy (ie, fruits and vegetables) and unhealthy (ie, fast food, chips/fries, pastries/sweets, and soda/energy drinks) foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds of consuming healthy and unhealthy dietary intake for mothers and children during time periods reporting physical activity (vs no physical activity) or sedentary screen activity (vs no sedentary screen activity). Post hoc tests compared estimates for mothers vs children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children were significantly more likely than their mothers to consume unhealthy foods during 2-hour windows that included physical activity (odds ratio [children] 1.85, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.31; odds ratio [mothers] 0.83, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.20; Pdiff<0.05), but not sedentary screen activity (Pdiff=0.067). In addition, children and their mothers did not differ in their likelihood of consuming healthy foods during 2-hour windows with sedentary screen activity (Pdiff=0.497) or physical activity (Pdiff=0.170).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the consumption of unhealthy foods may be more likely to co-occur within a 2-hour window including physical activity in children as compared to their mothers. Future research should examine reasons for this difference, and potential areas for intervention.
authors.forename: Sydney G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koprowski
authors.forename: Eldin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dzubur
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Genevieve Fridlund
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Dunton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D000072860:Ecological Momentary Assessment; D015444:Exercise; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013690:Television; D014675:Vegetables; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Dietary intake; Ecological momentary assessment (EMA); Fruits and vegetables; Physical activity; Sedentary behavior