title: Stimulus processing and error monitoring in more-able kindergarteners with autism spectrum disorder: a short review and a preliminary Event-Related Potentials study.
abstract: Deficits in executive functions (EF) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified. However, there is limited evidence about patterns of deficits in EF-related skills, especially at the neurobiological level, in young children with ASD and little is known about how these skills are related to other domains of functioning and symptom severity. In this study, we provide a focused review of EF-related Event-Related Potentials (ERP) studies in children with ASD, accompanied by preliminary data for neurophysiological correlates of EF on a child-friendly Go/No-go task. We focus our preliminary investigation on ERPs associated with stimulus processing (N2, P3) and error monitoring [error/correct-related negativity (ERN, CRN), error positivity (Pe)] in 5-year-old kindergarteners with ASD and typical controls matched on age, gender and task accuracy. Children with ASD showed significantly greater amplitudes of ERN/CRN compared to matched controls, suggesting heightened response monitoring. The ASD group also showed less distinct inhibitory P3 compared to the TD group, potentially suggesting atypical stimulus processing. In children with ASD, higher autism symptom severity was correlated with larger P3. Better behavioral performance on an EF-related task was correlated with smaller CRN. Our study is the first investigation to demonstrate the presence of N2, P3, ERN/CRN and Pe in kindergartners with ASD. The potential links between ERP patterns and behavioral and clinical features in more-able children with ASD highlight the need for further exploration into the functional mechanisms of these atypical neural activities and for more focused behavioral interventions targeting cognitive control and response monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medicine, Center of Autism and Developing Brain, 21 Bloomingdale Rd, White Plains, NY, USA.
authors.forename: So Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4269-0866
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medicine, Center of Autism and Developing Brain, 21 Bloomingdale Rd, White Plains, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benrey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medicine, Center of Autism and Developing Brain, 21 Bloomingdale Rd, White Plains, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lord
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: N2; P3; autism spectrum disorder; error positivity; error-related negativity; executive functions