title: Dispersal of remnant endangered trees in a fragmented and disturbed forest by frugivorous birds.
abstract: Most endangered plant species in a fragmented forest behave as a unique source population, with a high dependence on frugivorous birds for recruitment and persistence. In this study, we combined field data of dispersal behavior of birds and GIS information of patch attributes to estimate how frugivorous birds could affect the effective dispersal pattern of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) in a fragmented and disturbed forest. Nine bird species were observed to visit T. chinensis trees, with Urocissa erythrorhyncha, Zoothera dauma and Picus canus being the most common dispersers. After foraging, six disperser species exhibited different perching patterns. Three specialist species, P. canus, Turdus hortulorum, and Z. dauma stayed in the source patch, while three generalist species, U. erythrorhyncha, Hypsipetes mcclellandii, and H. castanonotus, could perch in bamboo patches and varied in movement ability due to body size. As a consequence of perching, dispersers significantly contributed to the seed bank, but indirectly affected seedling recruitment. Moreover, the recruitment of T. chinensis was also affected by patch attributes in a fragmented forest (distances to source patch, patch type, size). Our results highlighted the ability of unique source population regeneration of T. chinensis in a fragmented forest, with high dependence on both frugivorous birds and patch attributes, which should be considered in future planning for forest management and conservation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.|School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.|Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.|Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming, 650224, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. luchanghu@njfu.com.cn.
authors.forename: Chang-Hu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001717:Birds; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D056727:Endangered Species; D065928:Forests; D005638:Fruit / Q000502:physiology; D058614:Seed Dispersal; D036226:Seedlings / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology; D020946:Taxus / Q000502:physiology*; D014197:Trees
keywords: Effective dispersal pattern; Fragmented forest; Frugivorous birds; Seed dispersal function; Taxus chinensis