title: Thirty years after Chernobyl: Long-term determination of137Cs effective half-life in the lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum.
abstract: It has been widely shown that nuclear fallout includes substances, which accumulate in organisms such as crustaceans, fish, mushrooms and lichens, helping to evaluate the activity concentration of contaminants accumulated on a long time. In this context, radiocaesium deposited in soil following the Chernobyl accident on 26 April 1986 is known to have remained persistently available for plant uptake in many areas of Europe. Studies on the lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum show the plant's high capacity to retain radionuclides from the substrate and the air. After the Chernobyl accident, starting from September 1986, at the Radioactivity Laboratory (LaRa) of the University of Naples Federico II, four monitoring campaigns to evaluate the activity concentration of four isotopes of the two elements caesium and ruthenium (134Cs,137Cs,103Ru and106Ru) were carried out until 1999. This study allowed the effective half-life of134Cs and137Cs to be estimated. Twenty-eight years after the accident, in December 2014, a further sampling was carried out; only137Cs was revealed beyond the detection limits, measuring activity concentrations ranging from 20 to 40 Bq/kg, while the other radionuclides were no longer observed due to their shorter half-life. The last sampling allowed more precise determination of the effective half-life of137Cs (6.2 ± 0.1 year), due to the larger dataset on a large time period.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Electronic address: savino.federica@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quarto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adamo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Cicco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roca
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D047852:Chernobyl Nuclear Accident; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis*; D011851:Radioactivity
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011847:Radioactive Fallout
keywords: Bio-monitoring; Effective half-life; Gamma-ray spectrometry; Lichen; Mt. Vesuvius; Radioactivity