title: Perfluoroalkyl substances in waters along the Grand Canal, China.
abstract: The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the longest canal in the world. It is an important trunk line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. The contamination status and spatial distributions of perfluoroalky substances (PFASs) in waters of the Grand Canal were investigated. The total concentrations of PFASs (∑PFASs) range from 7.8 ng/L to 218.0 ng/L, with high ∑PFASs occurring in the southern part of the Grand Canal which is located in a highly urbanized and economically developed region. The dominance of PFOA showed a decreasing trend toward north while shorter chain homologue proportions increased in the northern part of the Canal which mainly traverses underdeveloped and rural areas in Eastern China. Positive correlations were observed between ∑PFASs and the population density as well as GDP per capita. Intersection with large rivers may affect the contamination levels and composition of PFASs in the water of the Grand Canal near the intersection sites.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China. Electronic address: jiaoxch@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), 26 Baiwanzhuang Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China. Electronic address: pjsheng2000@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000068476:Beijing; D002210:Caprylates; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014507:Urbanization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: PFASs; Source analysis; The Grand Canal; Water