title: Evaluation of antigen-induced synovitis in a porcine model: Immunological, arthroscopic and kinetic studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Synovitis is an inflammation-related disease linked to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, infections and trauma. This inflammation is accompanied by immune cells infiltration which initiates an inflammatory response causing pain, discomfort and affecting the normal joint function. The treatment of synovitis is based on the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs or biological agents such as platelet rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the evaluation and validation of more effective therapies of synovitis requires the establishment of clinically relevant animal models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, Large White pigs were pre-immunized to evaluate an antigen-induced synovitis. The immune monitoring of synovial fluids in this model allowed us the identification of IL-12p40 and T cell subsets as immune biomarkers. Moreover, the evolution of synovitis was performed by arthroscopic procedures and kinetic analysis. In summary, this paper describes an animal model of antigen-induced synovitis to be used in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novelty of this paper lies in the development of a clinically relevant model of synovitis which permits the simultaneous evaluation of synovitis from an immunological, surgical and kinetic point of view.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco-Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain.|CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco-Miguel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Margallo
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain. rblazquez@ccmijesususon.com.|CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Caceres, Spain. rblazquez@ccmijesususon.com.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blázquez
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarazona
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetic Unit, inimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mangas-Ballester
authors.affiliation: Interactive 3D Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristo
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Caceres, Spain.|Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071, Caceres, Spain.|CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Caceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Casado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D015415:Biomarkers; D050824:Carpal Joints; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D013585:Synovitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: Animal model; Inflammation; Synovitis