title: 3D dental image registration using exhaustive deformable models: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Image registration is commonly used in dental applications for aligning imaging data sets, which is particularly useful when assessing the progression or regression of particular pathomorphic conditions. However, due to the nature of the processed data or the data acquisition process itself, rigid body registration may be insufficient to accurately align the processed data sets. In such cases, deformable models are employed. This study presents a comparison of four well-established deformable models for aligning CBCT volumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The compared models include the original Demons algorithm, symmetric forces Demons, diffeomorphic Demons and level-set motion. The compared techniques are incorporated into a general image registration scheme featuring two distinct stages: a common, fast, rigid-based alignment for pre-registering the data and a finer elastic registration phase, based on the four compared deformation models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed framework was applied to a total of 40 CBCT volume pairs with known and unknown initial differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the produced aligned data, it was concluded that the level-set motion method outperformed all other techniques for data pairs with both unknown initial differences, as well as with known elastic deviations based on fixed sinusoidal models and B-splines.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria-Pavlina
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kalla
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodore L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Economopoulos
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Matsopoulos
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; Demons algorithm; diffeomorphic Demons; elastic deformation models; image registration; level-set motion; symmetric forces Demons