title: Detection and Establishment of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in California, 2011-2015.
abstract: In 2011, a thriving population of Aedes albopictus (Skuse), the Asian tiger mosquito, was discovered within three cities in Los Angeles County over an estimated 52-km2 urban area. Two years later in 2013, Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito, was detected within several urban areas of Madera, Fresno, and San Mateo counties. State and local vector control agencies responded with an aggressive effort to eradicate or interrupt the spread of these two invasive mosquitoes; however, known populations continued to expand outward and new infestations were identified at an accelerated pace in central and southern California. By the end of 2015, one or both species had been detected within the jurisdictional boundaries of 85 cities and census-designated places in 12 counties. Herein we report on the discovery and widespread establishment of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in urban areas of coastal, central, and southern California between 2011 and 2015 and discuss the subsequent rapid changes to the activities and priorities of vector control agencies in response to this unprecedented invasion.
authors.affiliation: Vector-Borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Ave, MS-7307, Sacramento, CA 95814 (marco.metzger@cdph.ca.gov; Melissa.Yoshimizu@cdph.ca.gov; Kerry.Padgett@cdph.ca.gov; Renjie.Hu@cdph.ca.gov; Vicki.Kramer@cdph.ca.gov).
authors.forename: Marco E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Vector-Borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Ave, MS-7307, Sacramento, CA 95814 (marco.metzger@cdph.ca.gov; Melissa.Yoshimizu@cdph.ca.gov; Kerry.Padgett@cdph.ca.gov; Renjie.Hu@cdph.ca.gov; Vicki.Kramer@cdph.ca.gov).
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hardstone Yoshimizu
authors.affiliation: Vector-Borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Ave, MS-7307, Sacramento, CA 95814 (marco.metzger@cdph.ca.gov; Melissa.Yoshimizu@cdph.ca.gov; Kerry.Padgett@cdph.ca.gov; Renjie.Hu@cdph.ca.gov; Vicki.Kramer@cdph.ca.gov).
authors.forename: Kerry A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Padgett
authors.affiliation: Vector-Borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Ave, MS-7307, Sacramento, CA 95814 (marco.metzger@cdph.ca.gov; Melissa.Yoshimizu@cdph.ca.gov; Kerry.Padgett@cdph.ca.gov; Renjie.Hu@cdph.ca.gov; Vicki.Kramer@cdph.ca.gov).
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Vector-Borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Ave, MS-7307, Sacramento, CA 95814 (marco.metzger@cdph.ca.gov; Melissa.Yoshimizu@cdph.ca.gov; Kerry.Padgett@cdph.ca.gov; Renjie.Hu@cdph.ca.gov; Vicki.Kramer@cdph.ca.gov).
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D058865:Introduced Species; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control; D011156:Population Density
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Asian tiger mosquito; California; yellow fever mosquito