title: Occurrence and Estimated Dietary Intake of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in Functional Foods Enriched with Omega-3 from Spain.
abstract: The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) contents of six functional foods enriched with omega-3 were characterized. All the samples analyzed showed concentration levels below the maximal levels established by Regulation EC 1259/201120. PCB concentrations were higher than those of PCDD/Fs; oil supplements were the most contaminated samples [1.8 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lipid weight (lw)] followed by chicken eggs (1.3 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), cow's milk (0.23 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), biscuits (0.15 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), soy milks (0.11 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), and soy lecithin (0.049 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw). The most abundant non-dl-PCBs were PCBs 52 and 101 in cow's milk, soy products, and biscuits, while in chicken eggs and oil supplements, they were PCBs 153 and 138. PCBs 118 and 105 were the most frequent dl-PCBs in all samples. Only oil supplements presented quantifiable concentrations for almost all PCDD/Fs, OCDD and OCDF being the most abundant. The estimated daily intake was 2.7 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for chicken eggs, 0.91 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for cow's milk, 0.45 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for soy milks, and 0.44 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for biscuits. For oil supplements, it was more variable, but always higher.
authors.affiliation: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: García-Bermejo
authors.affiliation: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-683X
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gómara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: daily intake; enriched foodstuffs; human exposure; omega-3; polychlorinated biphenyls; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans