title: Egg extract of apple snail for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity.
abstract: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provides the alternative method with cost effectiveness and the eco-friendly process by using natural biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agents. Alternative to the most studies of plant extracts, this work demonstrated a use of egg extract of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) for an eco-friendly production of AgNPs. The extract contained at least six proteins with the molecular weight in a range of 24-65 kDa that exhibited the reducing activity. The dispersive AgNPs were produced in the reaction containing only the extract and silver nitrate, as determined by the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak of silver at 412 nm. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical with the average diameter of 9.0 ± 5.9 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses confirmed the face-cubic centre (fcc) unit cell structure of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited the antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Results of this work clearly showed the potential use of the egg extract of apple snail for a green synthesis of small size AgNPs exhibiting the antibacterial activity.
authors.affiliation: a School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratima
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6984-084X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janthima
authors.affiliation: a School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand.
authors.forename: Arunrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khamhaengpol
authors.affiliation: a School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand.
authors.forename: Sineenat
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2740-5724
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver
keywords: Antibacterial activity; apple snail; green synthesis; silver nanoparticles