title: Molecular endoscopy for targeted imaging in the digestive tract.
abstract: Endoscopy uses optical imaging methods to investigate tissue in a non-destructive manner with high resolution over a broad range of wavelengths, thus providing a powerful tool to rapidly visualise mucosal surfaces in the digestive tract. Molecular imaging is an important advancement that has been clinically demonstrated for early cancer detection and guidance of therapy. With this approach, imaging can be used to observe expression patterns of molecular targets to improve understanding of key biological mechanisms that drive disease progression. Prototype devices that collect fluorescence for wide-field or microscopic images have been developed. Several targeting moieties, including enzyme-activatable probes, antibodies, peptides, and lectins, have been administered in preclinical and clinical imaging studies in vivo. These emerging technologies provide useful approaches to study molecular events in different signalling pathways, producing insights that could lead to improved interventions to prevent and treat gastrointestinal diseases. In this Review, we introduce the basic concepts that form the foundation for development of molecular endoscopy and summarise key results from preclinical and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: thomaswa@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media