title: piRNA-3312: A Putative Role for Pyrethroid Resistance in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a newly identified class of small noncoding RNAs. They are associated with chromatin organization, messenger RNA stability, and genome structure. Although the overexpression of piRNA-3312 in deltamethrin-susceptible (DS) strain of Culex pipiens pallens (L.) was observed in our previous large-scale transcriptome data, the roles of piRNA in insecticide resistance have not been clearly defined. The aim of the present study was to investigate how piRNA-3312 is involved in insecticide resistance. The lower expression level of piRNA-3312 in deltamethrin-resistant (DR) strain of Cx. pipiens pallens was confirmed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Overexpression of piRNA-3312 in the DR strain made the mosquitoes more sensitive to deltamethrin, whereas inhibiting the expression of piRNA-3312 in the DS strain made the mosquitoes more resistant to deltamethrin. Piwi-interacting RNA-3312 was also found to bind 3' UTR (Untranslated Regions) of gut esterase 1 gene and could induce its degradation. In addition, knockdown of gut esterase 1 gene increased the sensitivity of DR strain to deltamethrin. In conclusion, we found that piRNA-3312 targeted the gut esterase 1 gene to negatively regulate the insecticide resistance. This finding facilitates the understanding of various functions of piRNAs and their association with insecticide resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Juxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Wenyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Xianmiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
authors.forename: Changliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C017180:decamethrin
keywords: Culex pipiens pallens; Piwi-interacting RNA; esterase; pyrethroid resistance