title: Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Foliar Uptake, Phytotoxicity, and Consequences for Sustainable Urban Agriculture.
abstract: Throughout the world, urban agriculture supplies fresh local vegetables to city populations. However, the increasing anthropogenic uses of metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) such as CuO-NPs in urban areas may contaminate vegetables through foliar uptake. This study focused on the CuO-NP transfer processes in leafy edible vegetables (i.e., lettuce and cabbage) to assess their potential phytotoxicity. Vegetables were exposed via leaves for 5, 10, or 15 days to various concentrations of CuO-NPs (0, 10, or 250 mg per plant). Biomass and gas exchange values were determined in relation to the Cu uptake rate, localization, and Cu speciation within the plant tissues. High foliar Cu uptake occurred after exposure for 15 days for lettuce [3773 mg (kg of dry weight)-1] and cabbage [4448 mg (kg of dry weight)-1], along with (i) decreased plant weight, net photosynthesis level, and water content and (ii) necrotic Cu-rich areas near deformed stomata containing CuO-NPs observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Analysis of the CuO-NP transfer rate (7.8-242 μg day-1), translocation of Cu from leaves to roots and Cu speciation biotransformation in leaf tissues using electron paramagnetic resonance, suggests the involvement of plant Cu regulation processes. Finally, a potential health risk associated with consumption of vegetables contaminated with CuO-NPs was highlighted.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, South China Normal University , No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.
authors.forename: TianTian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse , INP-ENSAT, Av. Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Certop UMR5044-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir, Université Toulouse J. Jaurès-Toulouse II , 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumat
authors.affiliation: LASIR, UMR CNRS 8516, Université Lille 1 , Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dappe
authors.affiliation: LASIR, UMR CNRS 8516, Université Lille 1 , Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-2703
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vezin
authors.affiliation: Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD , 14 avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schreck
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science and Biochemistry Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierart
authors.affiliation: LASIR, UMR CNRS 8516, Université Lille 1 , Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3264-3938
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sobanska
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D018545:Lactuca / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D010087:Oxides
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D003300:Copper