title: New glycolipid biosurfactants produced by the yeast strain Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358.
abstract: In this work, biosurfactant production by several yeast strains was evaluated using different culture media. The best results were obtained with the strain Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358 growing in a culture medium containing glucose (1g/L) and olive oil (20g/L) as carbon sources. This strain produced 2.6g of biosurfactant per liter after 24h of growth. The crude biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water to values around 31mN/m, and its critical micelle concentration was 0.9mg/mL. This biosurfactant was characterized through mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a mixture of two different glycolipids, comprising a sugar moiety linked to one or three molecules of oleic acid. To the best of our knowledge, these biosurfactants are structurally different from those previously reported. Furthermore, the crude biosurfactant exhibited antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms, including the pathogens Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae, which opens the possibility for its use in several biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla S Teixeira
authors.initials: KST
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. Electronic address: egudina@deb.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Eduardo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gudiña
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE - Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Zélia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE - Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Lígia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Disney R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008823:Micelles; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000378:metabolism*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013500:Surface Tension; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D008823:Micelles; D000069463:Olive Oil; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Biosurfactant; Critical micelle concentration; Glycolipid; Wickerhamomyces anomalus