title: Effects of glucose and oxygen on arginine metabolism by coagulase-negative staphylococci.
abstract: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are not only part of the desirable microbiota of fermented meat products but also commonly inhabit skin and flesh wounds. Their proliferation depends on the versatility to use energy sources and the adaptation to fluctuating environmental parameters. In this study, the conversion of the amino acid arginine by two strains with arginine deiminase (ADI) activity (Staphylococcus carnosus 833 and S. pasteuri αs3-13) and a strain with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (S. haemolyticus G110) was modelled as a function of glucose and oxygen availability. Both factors moderately inhibited the ADI-based conversion kinetics, never leading to full repression. However, for NOS-driven conversion of arginine by S. haemolyticus G110, oxygen was an absolute requirement. When changing from microaerobic conditions to aerobiosis, a switch from homolactic fermentation to a combined formation of lactic acid, acetic acid, and acetoin was found in all cases, after which lactic acid and acetic acid were used as substrates. The kinetic model proposed provided a suitable description of the data of glucose and arginine co-metabolism as a function of oxygen levels and may serve as a tool to further analyse the behaviour of staphylococci in different ecosystems or when applying specific food processing conditions.
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez Mainar
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fréderick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matheuse
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Vuyst
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: fleroy@vub.ac.be.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leroy
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003030:Coagulase / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D041162:Staphylococcus haemolyticus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003030:Coagulase; D019344:Lactic Acid; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006867:Hydrolases; C019723:arginine deiminase; D005947:Glucose; D019342:Acetic Acid; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Arginine deiminase; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Glucose; Meat fermentation; Nitric oxide synthase; Oxygen