title: Effects of Avocado (Persea americana) on Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of risk factors including high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity that lead to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among leading causes of death in the world. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVDs by approximately five and three folds, respectively. Therefore, it is of vital importance to manage such conditions with herbal options which have less undesirable adverse effects and may be more efficacious in comparison with synthetic options. Avocado is a well-known source of carotenoids, minerals, phenolics, vitamins, and fatty acids. The lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, and cardioprotective effects of avocado have been demonstrated in several studies. In this review, we aimed to find out avocado's pharmacological effects on different components of MetS. Moreover, this review report is performed on the MetS effects of peel, seed, flesh, and leaves of avocado. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabeshpour
authors.affiliation: Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Bibi Marjan
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-851X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005638:Fruit / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D027421:Persea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Persea americana; avocado; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; metabolic syndrome; obesity