title: ADAR1 and MicroRNA; A Hidden Crosstalk in Cancer.
abstract: The evolution of cancer cells is believed to be dependent on genetic or epigenetic alterations. However, this concept has recently been challenged by another mode of nucleotide alteration, RNA editing, which is frequently up-regulated in cancer. RNA editing is a biochemical process in which either Adenosine or Cytosine is deaminated by a group of RNA editing enzymes including ADAR (Adenosine deaminase; RNA specific) or APOBEC3B (Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3B). The result of RNA editing is usually adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) or cytidine to uridine (C-to-U) transition, which can affect protein coding, RNA stability, splicing and microRNA-target interactions. The functional impact of these alterations is largely unclear and is a subject of extensive research. In the present review, we will specifically focus on the influence of ADARs on carcinogenesis via the regulation of microRNA processing and functioning. This follows a brief review of the current knowledge of properties of ADAR enzyme, RNA editing, and microRNA processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea. formidable1981@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea. sjmyung@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea. suhwan.chang@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Suhwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017393:RNA Editing; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C524941:MIRN17 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C000595356:ADAR protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: ADAR (Adenosine deaminase; NGS (Next Generation Sequencing); RNA specific); UTR (untranslated region)