title: Identification of a Nanovirus-Alphasatellite Complex in Sophora alopecuroides.
abstract: Viruses in the genus Nanovirus of the family Nanoviridae generally have eight individually encapsidated circular genome components and have been predominantly found infecting Fabaceae plants in Europe, Australia, Africa and Asia. For over a decade Sophora alopecuroides L. (Fabaceae) plants have been observed across Iran displaying dwarfing, yellowing, stunted leaves and yellow vein banding. Using a high-throughput sequencing approach, sequences were identified within one such plant that had similarities to nanovirus genome components. From this plant, the nanovirus-like molecules DNA-R (n=4), DNA-C (n=2), DNA-S (n=1), DNA-M (n=1), DNA-N (n=1), DNA-U1 (n=1), DNA-U2 (n=1) and DNA-U4 (n=1) were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Other than for the DNA-R, these components share less than 71% identity with those of other known nanoviruses. The four DNA-R molecules were highly diverse, sharing only 65-71% identity with each other and 64-86% identity with those of other nanoviruses. In the S. alopecuroides plant 14 molecules sharing 57.7-84.6% identity with previously determined sequences of nanovirus-associated alphasatellites were also identified. Given the research activity in the nanovirus field during the last five years coupled with high-throughput sequence technologies, many more diverse nanoviruses and nanovirus-associated satellites are likely to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: jheydarnejad@uk.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Jahangir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heydarnejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Massumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kvarnheden
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Maketalena F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Male
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraberger
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Daisy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stainton
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Group, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Darren P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA. Electronic address: arvind.varsani@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varsani
mesh_terms: D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007492:Iran; D025682:Nanovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D029909:Sophora / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004276:DNA, Satellite
keywords: Alphasatellite; High throughput sequencing; Iran; Nanovirus; Sophora alopecuroides