title: Multi-scale analysis of the effect of nano-filler particle diameter on the physical properties of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of silica nano-filler particle diameters in a computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resin (CR) block on physical properties at the multi-scale in silico. CAD/CAM CR blocks were modeled, consisting of silica nano-filler particles (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 nm) and matrix (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA), with filler volume contents of 55.161%. Calculation of Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios for the block at macro-scale were analyzed by homogenization. Macro-scale CAD/CAM CR blocks (3 × 3 × 3 mm) were modeled and compressive strengths were defined when the fracture loads exceeded 6075 N. MPS values of the nano-scale models were compared by localization analysis. As the filler size decreased, Young's moduli and compressive strength increased, while Poisson's ratios and MPS decreased. All parameters were significantly correlated with the diameters of the filler particles (Pearson's correlation test, r = -0.949, 0.943, -0.951, 0.976, p < 0.05). The in silico multi-scale model established in this study demonstrates that the Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and compressive strengths of CAD/CAM CR blocks can be enhanced by loading silica nanofiller particles of smaller diameter. CAD/CAM CR blocks by using smaller silica nano-filler particles have a potential to increase fracture resistance.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomaterials Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomaterials Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.|b Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomaterials Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomaterials Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomaterials Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Haruaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomaterials Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imazato
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: CAD/CAM; Composite resins; compressive strength; maximum principal strain; multi-scale analysis