title: Metabolites of Trichoderma species isolated from damp building materials.
abstract: Buildings that have been flooded often have high concentrations of Trichoderma spores in the air while drying. Inhaled spores and spore and mycelial fragments contain large amounts of fungal glucan and natural products that contribute to the symptoms associated with indoor mould exposures. In this study, we considered both small molecules and peptaibol profiles of T. atroviride, T. koningiopsis, T. citrinoviride, and T. harzianum strains obtained from damp buildings in eastern Canada. Twenty-residue peptaibols and sorbicillin-derived metabolites (1-6) including a new structure, (R)-vertinolide (1), were characterized from T. citrinoviride. Trichoderma koningiopsis produced several koninginins (7-10), trikoningin KA V, and the 11-residue lipopeptaibols trikoningin KB I and trikoningin KB II. Trichoderma atroviride biosynthesized a mixture of 19-residue trichorzianine-like peptaibols, whereas T. harzianum produced 18-residue trichokindin-like peptaibols and the 11-residue harzianin HB I that was subsequently identified from the studied T. citrinoviride strain. Two α-pyrones, 6-pentyl-pyran-2-one (11) and an oxidized analog (12), were produced by both T. atroviride and T. harzianum. Aside from exposure to low molecular weight natural products, inhalation of Trichoderma spores and mycelial fragments may result in exposure to membrane-disrupting peptaibols. This investigation contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the biologically active natural products produced by fungi commonly found in damp buildings.
authors.affiliation: a Ottawa Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McMullin
authors.affiliation: b London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
authors.forename: Justin B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.affiliation: c Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Tharcisse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barasubiye
authors.affiliation: b London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sumarah
authors.affiliation: a Ottawa Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000382:microbiology; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D009674:Nova Scotia; D009864:Ontario; D054848:Peptaibols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011792:Quebec; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054848:Peptaibols
keywords: Trichoderma; damp buildings; membrane disruption; métabolites secondaires; peptaibols; peptaïbols; perturbation de la membrane; secondary metabolites; édifices humides