title: Nicotine dependence is associated with depression and childhood trauma in smokers with schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ dataset.
abstract: In a perspective of personalized care for smoking cessation, a better clinical characterization of smokers with schizophrenia (SZ) is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of SZ smokers with severe nicotine (NIC) dependence. 240 stabilized community-dwelling SZ smokers (mean age = 31.9 years, 80.4% male gender) were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert Centers for Schizophrenia and assessed with validated scales. Severe NIC dependence was defined by a Fagerstrom questionnaire score ≥ 7. Depression was defined by a Calgary score ≥ 6. Childhood trauma was self-reported by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score (CTQ). Ongoing psychotropic treatment was recorded. Severe NIC dependence was identified in 83 subjects (34.6%), depression in 60 (26.3%). 44 (22.3%) subjects were treated by antidepressants. In a multivariate model, severe NIC dependence remained associated with depression (OR = 3.2, p = 0.006), male gender (OR = 4.5, p = 0.009) and more slightly with childhood trauma (OR = 1.03, p = 0.044), independently of socio-demographic characteristics, psychotic symptoms severity, psychotropic treatments and alcohol disorder. NIC dependence was independently and strongly associated with, respectively, depression and male gender in schizophrenia, and only slightly with history of childhood trauma. Based on these results, the care of both nicotine dependence and depression should be evaluated for an effective smoking cessation intervention in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France. romain.rey@ch-le-vinatier.fr.|INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France. romain.rey@ch-le-vinatier.fr.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-3575
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, F-13274, Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Lore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brunel
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France, Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aouizerate
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berna
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capdevielle
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chereau
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chesnoy-Servanin
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denizot
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dorey
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubertret
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubreucq
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faget
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gabayet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lancon
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Misdrahi
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passerieux
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schandrin
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schürhoff
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vidailhet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Michel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.|Clinique Jeanne D'Arc-Hôpital Privé Parisien, Saint Mandé, F94000, France, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, F30000, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069586:Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Childhood trauma; Depression; Nicotine dependence; Schizophrenia; Tobacco smoking