title: The function and magnetic resonance imaging of immature dendritic cells under ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-labeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) labeling on the maturity or immune tolerance of immature dendritic cells (imDCs) as the success of immunotherapy with immature dendritic cells is highly dependent on immune tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The feasibility of tracking implanted USPIO-labeled imDCs in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was explored. The effects of USPIO labeling on the immune tolerance of imDCs was examined. USPIO when higher than 200 μg/ml caused considerable damage to imDCs, induced imDC maturation, and impacted the immune tolerance of imDCs. USPIO labeling caused a dose-dependent increase in autophagosome formation in imDCs, and autophagy inhibitors prevented the maturation of imDCs while stimulating their immune tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that high concentrations of USPIO can be used to induce imDC maturation, and that this process is likely mediated through an autophagy-related pathway.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China. Chenwl@scnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011817:Rabbits; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C097921:ferumoxtran-10
keywords: Autophagy; Cell transplantation; Immature dendritic cells; Immune tolerance; MRI; Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide