title: Bioreducible Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Nanoparticles for Specific Delivery of siRNA in Melanoma Tumor Therapy.
abstract: This study introduces a novel cross-linking strategy capable of successfully stabilizing CaP nanoparticles and stimuli-responsive small interfering RNA (siRNA) release. We synthesized a polysaccharide derivative thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH), which was slightly modified but multifunctional and developed a smart redox-responsive delivery system. siRNA was efficaciously condensed by calcium phosphate (CaP) via electrostatic interaction to form a positively charged inner "core". Disulfide cross-linked HA (HA-ss-HA) was formed and played a role as an anionic outer "shell" to stabilize the CaP core. We demonstrated that the nanoparticles were stable both in the storage milieu and systemic circulation, thus overcoming the most serious disadvantage of CaP nanoparticles for gene delivery. Meanwhile, this smart system could selectively release siRNA into the cytosol by both a GSH-triggered disassembly and successful endosomal escape. Therefore, the hybrid delivery system achieved an 80% gene-silencing efficiency in vitro for both luciferase and Bcl2. Silencing of Bcl2 resulted in dramatic apoptosis of B16F10 cells. Besides, equipped with the tumor-targeting component HA, the nanoparticles significantly suppressed the growth of B16F10 xenograft tumor in mice. The anionic HA-ss-HA-equipped nanoparticles showed no apparent toxicity in vitro or in vivo, as well as showed a high transfection efficiency. Taken together, this redox-responsive, tumor-targeting smart anionic nanoparticle holds great promise for exploitation in functionalized siRNA delivery and tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Zhanwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Huipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.|State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Kaikai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Chenzi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Hulin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-1777
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Yiqiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.|Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-861X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oupicky
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008545:Melanoma; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: antitumor; calcium phosphate; hyaluronic acid; hybrid nanoparticles; redox responsive; siRNA delivery