title: Role of Gasotransmitters in Oxidative Stresses, Neuroinflammation, and Neuronal Repair.
abstract: To date, three main gasotransmitters, that is, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO), have been discovered to play major bodily physiological roles. These gasotransmitters have multiple functional roles in the body including physiologic and pathologic functions with respect to the cellular or tissue quantities of these gases. Gasotransmitters were originally known to have only detrimental and noxious effects in the body but that notion has much changed with years; vast studies demonstrated that these gasotransmitters are precisely involved in the normal physiological functioning of the body. From neuromodulation, oxidative stress subjugation, and cardiovascular tone regulation to immunomodulation, these gases perform critical roles, which, should they deviate from the norm, can trigger the genesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this review is to discuss at great length physical and chemical properties and physiological actions of H2S, NO, and CO as well as shedding light on recently researched molecular targets. We particularly put emphasis on the roles in neuronal inflammation and neurodegeneration and neuronal repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ulfuara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shefa
authors.affiliation: East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, H & N Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Geun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8021-1024
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, 17 Seoae-ro 1 Gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04619, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Ok
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junyang
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3946-5406
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Young
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2130-4719
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngbuhm
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7687-0374
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064426:Gasotransmitters / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D064426:Gasotransmitters; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide