title: Rosmarinic acid suppresses colonic inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mice via dual inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation.
abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon. Although UC is generally treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressants, most of these treatments often prove to be inadequate. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic ester included in various medicinal herbs such as Salvia miltiorrhiz and Perilla frutescens. Although RA has many biological and pharmacological activities, the anti-inflammatory effect of RA in colonic tissue remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying molecular mechanism of RA in mice with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In the DSS-induced colitis model, RA significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as assessed by disease activity index (DAI) scores, colonic damage, and colon length. In addition, RA resulted in the reduction of the inflammatory-related cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-22, and protein levels of COX-2 and iNOS in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, RA effectively and pleiotropically inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, and subsequently reduced the activity of pro-survival genes that depend on these transcription factors. These results demonstrate that RA has an ameliorative effect on colonic inflammation and thus a potential therapeutic role in colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 220-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Ram
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 220-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 16493, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soonjae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 16493, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noh Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 16493, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 220-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D053630:Depsides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016207:Cytokines; D053630:Depsides; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009195:Peroxidase; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid