title: Prepubertal ultra-low-dose estrogen therapy is associated with healthier lipid profile than conventional estrogen replacement for pubertal induction in adolescent girls with Turner syndrome: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic effects of prepubertal low-dose estrogen replacement (LE) therapy in Turner syndrome (TS) have not been fully investigated to date. The present study aimed to compare glucose and lipids metabolism in adolescents with TS on LE and conventional estrogen replacement (CE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 14 TS (mean age 13.8), LE (17β-estradiol, 62.5 μg daily) was introduced before age 12 (mean age 10.5), and followed by a pubertal induction regimen after age 12, and in 14 CE was started after age 12 (mean 14, SD 1.96). Before, and 3 years after starting 17β-estradiol growth velocity, bone age, BMI, and selected parameters of glucose and lipids metabolism were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between LE and CE in the mean levels of any parameter before introduction of 17β-estradiol [total cholesterol (TC): 4.1 vs 4.3 mmol/L, LDL cholesterol (LDLc): 2.2 vs 2.4 mmol/L, HDL cholesterol (HDLc): 1.6 vs 1.4 mmol/L, triglycerides: 0.9 vs 1.0 mmol/L, fasting glucose: 4.2 vs 4.4 mmol/L, post-load glucose: 4.8 vs 5.5 mmol/L; fasting insulin: 6.8 vs 8.0 post-load insulin: 21.3 vs 67.0 μIU/mL, HOMA-IR 1.3 vs 1.6]. After three years of treatment, TC and LDLc levels were significantly lower in LE group (3.8 vs 4.4 mmol/L, p = 0.004; 1.9 vs 2.4 mmol/L, p = 0.03). The other parameters did not differ significantly. There was no negative impact on growth course and bone age advancement nor on BMI in LE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prepubertal LE is associated with healthier lipid profile than CE in girls with TS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.|Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruszala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland. malgorzata.wojcik@uj.edu.pl.|Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland. malgorzata.wojcik@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zygmunt-Gorska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.|Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janus
authors.affiliation: Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojtys
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.|Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Starzyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004967:Estrogens; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Estrogen; Glucose; Lipid profile; Turner syndrome