title: Relationship between functional disability and costs one and two years post stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke affects mortality, functional ability, quality of life and incurs costs. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the costs of stroke care in Sweden by level of disability and stroke type (ischemic (IS) or hemorrhagic stroke (ICH)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Resource use during first and second year following a stroke was estimated based on a research database containing linked data from several registries. Costs were estimated for the acute and post-acute management of stroke, including direct (health care consumption and municipal services) and indirect (productivity losses) costs. Resources and costs were estimated per stroke type and functional disability categorised by Modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the average costs per patient following a stroke were 350,000SEK/€37,000-480,000SEK/€50,000, dependent on stroke type and whether it was the first or second year post stroke. Large variations were identified between different subgroups of functional disability and stroke type, ranging from annual costs of 100,000SEK/€10,000-1,100,000SEK/€120,000 per patient, with higher costs for patients with ICH compared to IS and increasing costs with more severe functional disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional outcome is a major determinant on costs of stroke care. The stroke type associated with worse outcome (ICH) was also consistently associated to higher costs. Measures to improve function are not only important to individual patients and their family but may also decrease the societal burden of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Ivbar Institute AB, Stockholm, Sweden.|Medical Management Center, LIME, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lekander
authors.affiliation: Ivbar Institute AB, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willers
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Karolinska Institutet Stroke research Network at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Euler
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education, and Development, Östersund Hospital, Umeå University, Östersund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Rehabilitation medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katharina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sunnerhagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.|Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pessah-Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Medical Management Center, LIME, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borgström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*