title: ADHD in Tunisian Adolescents: Prevalence and Associated Factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of ADHD in a population of high school students and to explore the factors associated with this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study that had included 447 high school students. The diagnosis of ADHD was made by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale translated in Arabic language. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by a preestablished questionnaire. The self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ADHD was 18.1%. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the diagnosis of ADHD and the bad relationships with parents (odds ratio [OR] = 16.43; p < 10-3), the presence of personal psychiatric antecedents (OR = 12.16; p < 10-3), internet misuse (OR = 2.39; p = .014), and maltreatment antecedents (OR = 3.16; p = .009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ADHD in this study was one of the highest prevalence reported. The factors associated with ADHD may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: 1 Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.|2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mhalla
authors.affiliation: 1 Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.|2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guedria
authors.affiliation: 1 Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.|2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Takoua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brahem
authors.affiliation: 1 Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.|2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Badii
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amamou
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Wiem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sboui
authors.affiliation: 1 Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.|2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Naoufel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaddour
authors.affiliation: 1 Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.|2 University of Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Lotfi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002649:Child Abuse; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: ADHD; adolescence; epidemiology; maltreatment; screen addiction; self-esteem; substance use