title: Chagas disease immunogenetics: elusive markers of disease progression.
abstract: Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by a parasitic infection. The disease usually occurs after decades of the primary infection and can involve the myocardium or the digestive system. Of note, around 30% ofT.cruziinfected patients develop CD while the other 70% may remain asymptomatic for their entire life. CD is usually observed as familial clustered phenomena. Moreover, individuals with chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD) usually present a strong, deregulated immune response, which strongly suggests an immunogenetic effect.Areas covered: In this article we review and discuss the information currently available from the published scientific literature regarding the genetic variants of molecules of the immune system that contribute to the clinical presentation of the disease.Expert commentary: Of note, the most promissory results are found on the polymorphisms of chemokine receptors, particularly CCR5 and CCR2. Additional investigations are required, particularly with a focus on the genes that regulate the immune system.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Yelenca
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ortega Zamora
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Leidy Johana
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Escamilla Rojas
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Elvis Mayron
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Villa Sandoval
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Joan Steven
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vela Porras
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Edgar Yarleison
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cossio Contrera
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Sergio Sebastian
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cubides Romero
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Pedro David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Carreño Ramirez
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Hermes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urriago Losada
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Los Rios
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Daniela Alejandra
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gomez Mahecha
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Karen Daniela
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lovera Serrano
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barreto Montaña
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Viviana Lorena
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Narvaez Caicedo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Fredy R S
authors.initials: FRS
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
keywords: Chagas; biomarkers; cardiomyopathy; immunogenetics; parasitic