title: The Evaluation of Noninvasive Measurements of Erythema as a Potential Surrogate for DNA Damage in Repetitively UV-exposed Human Skin.
abstract: Erythema (i.e. visible redness) and DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in human skin have similar action spectra and show good correlation after a single exposure to UVR. We explored the potential to use instrumental assessments of erythema as a surrogate for DNA damage after repeated exposures to UVR. We exposed 40 human subjects to three different exposure schedules using two different UVR sources. Cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in skin biopsies were measured by immunofluorescence, and erythema was assessed by both the Erythemal Index (EI) and the Oxy-hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) content. Surprisingly, the skin with the highest cumulative dose ended up with the lowest level of DNA damage, and with the least erythema, as assessed by Oxy-Hb (but not EI) 24 h after the last UV exposure. Although the level of CPDs, on average, paralleled Oxy-Hb (R2= 0.80-0.94, P = 0.03-0.11), the correlation did not hold for the pooled individual measurements (R2= 0.009, P = 0.37) due to potential individual differences in UV-induced photoadaptation. We suggest that the methodology may be optimized to improve the correlation between DNA damage level and erythema to enable noninvasive risk assessment based on erythema/Oxy-Hb content for individual human subjects.
authors.affiliation: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Sergio G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Hearing
authors.affiliation: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Janusz Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Gruijl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D004249:DNA Damage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004890:Erythema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers