title: Nutritional programming of accelerated puberty in heifers: alterations in DNA methylation in the arcuate nucleus.
abstract: High rates of body weight gain during the juvenile period appear to program molecular events within the hypothalamus, leading to advancement of puberty. Methylation of DNA, an epigenetic mechanism that controls gene expression, is associated with metabolic programming events and is proposed to play a role in the pubertal process. In this study, DNA methylation was assessed in genomic DNA obtained from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of juvenile heifers fed to gain body weight at low (0.5 kg/d; low-gain, LG, n = 4) or high (1 kg/d; high-gain, HG, n = 4) rates from 4.5 to 8.5 mo of age (earliest puberty expected at 9 mo of age in HG heifers). Using a custom-designed oligonucleotide array targeted to imprinted genes and genes associated with nutritional inputs and the control of puberty, a comparative-genomic-hybridization array was used to identify differentially methylated regions between LG and HG heifers. Differential methylation of genomic regions associated with altered mRNA expression was observed for genes whose activity has been reported to be involved in the modulation of growth and metabolism (GHR) and puberty (HMGA2). Hence, increased rates of body weight gain during the juvenile period alter the methylation pattern of genomic DNA obtained from the ARC and these changes may be involved in programming the age at puberty in heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Bruna R C
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.|Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Rodolfo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.|Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Youwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Scott V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dindot
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.|Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amstalden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: GHR; HMGA2; epigenetics; hypothalamus; nutrition; puberty