title: Association between schizophrenia and violence among Chinese female offenders.
abstract: Little is known about the association between schizophrenia and violence in women in China. This study aimed to examine the association between schizophrenia and violence in Chinese female offenders. Fifty-two schizophrenia patients were identified from the female offenders who received forensic psychiatric assessments in 2011 in Hunan province, China. Using a propensity score matching method, 104 matched controls without psychiatric disorders were selected from female criminals in Hunan province. Violent offences and homicides were verified and recorded. The percentages of violent offences and homicides were significantly higher in female offenders with schizophrenia than in controls (78.8% vs. 30.8%, P < 0.001; 44.2% vs. 18.3%, P = 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that diagnosis of schizophrenia, younger age at first offence, living in rural area and a lower education level were independently and positively associated with violent offences, while having a diagnosis of schizophrenia and lower education level were associated with homicides. There appears to be an independent and positive association between schizophrenia and violent offence in Chinese female offenders. Effective preventive approaches on violence in female schizophrenia patients are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Si-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Guang
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Chee H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-2732
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: The University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, Australia.|School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Gabor S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. xyutly@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China. xiaop6@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D057237:Criminals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*