title: Enhanced immune response to inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine by conjugation of chitosan oligosaccharides.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) conjugation on the immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2) vaccine. Two conjugates (PCV2-COS-1 and PCV2-COS-2) were designed by covalent conjugation of an inactivated PCV2 vaccine with COS, and administered to C57BL/6 mice three times at two-week intervals. The results indicate that, as compared to PCV2 alone group, the PCV2-COS conjugates remarkably enhanced both humoral and cellular immunity against PCV2 by promoting T lymphocyte proliferation and initiating a mixed Th1/Th2 response, including the elevated production of PCV-2 specific antibodies and up-regulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Noticeably, the immunization with PCV2-COS-1 conjugate displayed similar or even better immune-stimulating effects than that by PCV2/ISA206 (a commercialized adjuvant) and showed no infection or pathological signs at injection sites of the mice. Presumably, the covalent linkage of PCV2 vaccine to COS might be a viable strategy to increase the efficacy against PCV2-associated diseases.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Guiqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Peiyuan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Siming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Lishi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Shaoyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China. Electronic address: thu@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China. Electronic address: liuhongtao@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China. Electronic address: ygdu@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D048271:Chitosan; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017925:Circovirus; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013552:Swine; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Adjuvant; Chitosan oligosaccharide; Conjugation; Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2); Vaccine