title: Surgical management of ectopic ureters in dogs: Clinical outcome and prognostic factors for long-term continence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine outcomes after surgical correction of ectopic ureters (EU) and identify prognostic factors for long-term continence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven dogs (36 females and 11 males).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records (1999-2016) of dogs with surgical correction of EU were reviewed. A continence score (1 = incontinent, 2 = sporadic incontinence, 3 = continent) was attributed preoperatively, at discharge, 1 month postoperatively, and at long-term evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight dogs had unilateral and 19 dogs had bilateral EU (57 intramural and 9 extramural). Nineteen dogs had a pelvic bladder. Neoureterostomy with dissection (n = 50), ureteroneocystotomy (n = 9), or nephroureterectomy (n = 7) were performed. Thirty-three dogs were neutered: 32 before or during the surgery and 1 after surgery. Colposuspension was performed during surgical correction in 15 dogs. Adjuvant medical treatment improved postoperative continence scores. Median continence scores were greater at discharge (3), at 1 month postoperatively (3), and at long-term evaluation (3) than before surgery (1). At long-term evaluation (mean 46.1 months), a score of 1 was observed in 19%, a score of 2 in 7%, and a score of 3 in 74% of the dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, good (score 2) to excellent (score 3) long-term outcome was achieved in 81% of dogs. Long-term continence was improved with medical treatment and neutering was not associated with an increased risk of recurrence of incontinence in this population of dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stéphanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annick J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hamaide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary*