title: Linking senile dementia to type 2 diabetes: role of oxidative stress markers, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α.
abstract: Diabetes is considered an independent risk factor for cognitive impairments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive disorder of elderly outpatients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in releationto oxidative stress markers and some inflammatory markers Methodology: Two hundred and twelve participants were classified into four groups according to their fasting blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score. Control subjects were 118 subjects, diabetic group without dementia was 54 subjects, diabetic group with dementia was 26 subjects and 14 subjects of dementia without diabetes. Body mass index and waist/hip ratio were measured. Blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (TAC), and some inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic patients have significant increases in FBG, HbA1c, MDA with a significant decrease in TAC compared to control group. In all groups of patients, the levels of CRP, and TNF-α were significantly higher as compared to control group. The highest level of inflammatory markers was detected in diabetic group with dementia. MMSE score was negatively correlated with HbA1c levels and TNF-α and HbA1c levels were positively correlated with all inflammatory markers. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MDA,CRP, Hb1c, TNF-a, and FBG were the most predictive risk factors for dementia Conclusions: These results suggest that a decrease in anti-oxidant levels and an increase in anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers might be involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive disorder associated with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Physiology , Minia University , Minia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Merhan Mamdouh
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ragy
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Public Health , Minia University , Minia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Nashwa Nabil
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Kamal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010045:Outpatients; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α; Dementia; Diabetes; oxidative stress