title: A refined method for analysis of 4,4'-dicofol and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone.
abstract: The acaricide, dicofol, is a well-known pesticide and partly a substitute for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Only few reports on environmental occurrence and concentrations have been reported calling for improvements. Hence, an analytical method was further developed for dicofol and dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) to enable assessments of their environmental occurrence. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipids and to separate dicofol from DCBP. On-column injection was used as an alternative to splitless injection to protect dicofol from thermal decomposition. By the method presented herein, it is possible to quantify dicofol and DCBP in the same samples. Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) were spiked at two dose levels and the recoveries were determined. The mean recovery for dicofol was 65% at the low dose (1 ng) and 77% at the high dose (10 ng). The mean recovery for DCBP was 99% at the low dose (9.2 ng) and 146% at the high dose (46 ng). The method may be further improved by use of another lipid removal method, e.g., gel permeation chromatography. The method implies a step forward in dicofol environmental assessments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Athanassiadis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.|State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.|Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Forskargatan 20, SE-15136, Södertälje, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åke
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden. capitalzyh@yahoo.com.|State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. capitalzyh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lillemor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asplund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D003634:DDT; D004010:Dicofol; D007306:Insecticides
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D007306:Insecticides; C004759:4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone; D003634:DDT; D004010:Dicofol
keywords: Analysis; Cod; Kelthane; On-column injection; α-Cl-DDT