title: Outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for resection of unilateral noninvasive adrenocortical tumors in 11 cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) in cats with adrenocortical neoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven client-owned cats with unilateral adrenal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of cats that underwent LA for unilateral functional adrenal tumors at 3 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, diagnostic imaging results, preoperative laboratory tests, laparoscopic port placement and techniques, duration of anesthesia and surgery, complications, concomitant procedures, need for conversion to an open celiotomy, histopathological diagnosis, and postoperative survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven cats were included, 5 with right-sided and 6 with left-sided tumors. Tumors were aldosterone-secreting (n = 8), progesterone-secreting (n = 2), or testosterone-secreting (n = 1). Adrenalectomy was successfully performed in all 11 cats although 4 cases required conversion to an open celiotomy, due to poor visualization (n = 2), close adherence of the tumor to the caudal vena cava (n = 1), and inability to maintain adequate pneumoperitoneum (n = 1). Ten of the 11 cats were discharged from the hospital, with a median survival time of 803 days (range 467-1123 days). One cat died from severe pancreatitis and cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adrenalectomy can be performed in cats via laparoscopy but is technically challenging, and associated with a relatively high conversion rate (36%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Philipp D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: William T N
authors.initials: WTN
authors.lastname: Culp
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brad Case
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ameet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Della Maggiore
mesh_terms: D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome