title: Effects of hypertonic saline solution associated to remote ischemic perconditioning in kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of hypertonic saline solution associated to remote ischemic perconditioning in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
  Twenty five male rats (Wistar) underwent right nephrectomy and were distributed into five groups: Sham group (S); Ischemia/Reperfusion group (I/R) with 30 minutes of renal ischemia; Remote ischemic perconditioning group (Per) with three cycles of 10 minutes of I/R performed during kidney ischemia; Hypertonic saline solution group (HSS) treated with hypertonic saline solution (4ml/kg); remote ischemic perconditioning + Hypertonic saline solution group (Per+HSS) with both treatments. After reperfusion, blood samples were collected for BUN and creatinine serum levels analyzes. TBARS were evaluated in plasma and renal tissue to assess oxidative stress. Kidney histopathological examination were performed.
  Per+HSS group showed a lower degree of renal dysfunction in relation to I/R group, whereas the technique of remote ischemic perconditioning isolated or associated with saline solution significantly reduced oxidative stress and histological damage.
  Remote ischemic perconditioning associated or not to saline solution promoted reduction of acute renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Full Professor, Department of Experimental Surgery, Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA), Belém-PA, Brazil. Conception, design and scientific content of the study, critical revision.
authors.forename: Marcus Vinicius Henriques
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: PhD, Full Professor, Department of Experimental Surgery, Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA), Belém-PA, Brazil. Conception, design and scientific content of the study, critical revision.
authors.forename: Edson Yuzur
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yasojima
authors.affiliation: PhD, Full Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, UFPA, Belém-PA, Brazil. Conception, design and scientific content of the study, critical revision.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Percário
authors.affiliation: Master, Postgraduate Program in Surgery and Experimental Research, UEPA, Belém-PA, Brazil. Statistical analysis, manuscript preparation, English language.
authors.forename: Rubens Fernando Gonçalves
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, Centro Universitário do Pará (CESUPA), Belém-PA, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Lainy Carollyne da Costa
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, UEPA, Belém-PA, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Andrew Moraes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, UEPA, Belém-PA, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Paracampo
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Couteiro
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, UEPA, Belém-PA, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Ivone Aline da Silva
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, UEPA, Belém-PA, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Hellen Aparecida Geyer Dos
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D003404:Creatinine; C029684:thiobarbituric acid