title: Drug Use in Soldiers: Family and Peer Contextual Associations.
abstract: Given the stressful nature of military life, people in the armed forces are vulnerable to substance use.
  
  
  
  The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family and peers with drug use among military forces in Iran.
  
  
  
  Convenience sampling was used to recruit a total of 422 draftees doing military service in army units in Tehran, Iran. Measures of family and peers' risk and protective factors, alcohol use, and other drug use were administered.
  
  
  
  Findings indicated significant relationships between family (i.e., family models for risk behavior, parent sanctions, and family controls) and peers (i.e., peer modeling for risk behavior, peer controls, support from friends) with drug use. A multiple regression analysis revealed that peer modeling for risk behavior, family models for risk behavior, and parent sanctions were significant predictors of drug use in soldiers.
  
  
  
  These results were consistent with the influence of family and peer on drug use amongst soldiers. Programs designed to reduce alcohol and other drug use may benefit from tailoring to fit risk and protective files amongst peer and family networks.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Psychology , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Psychology , Kharazmi University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darharaj
authors.affiliation: c Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychiatry , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahmiri
authors.affiliation: e Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malekianjabali
authors.affiliation: f Department of Psychology , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedeh Leili
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kheirolomoom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Family factors; drug use; peers; soldiers