title: Spatial-specific functions in retrograde neuronal signalling.
abstract: Neurons are highly polarized cells, possessing long axons that can extend to more than 1-m long in adult humans. In order to survive and maintain proper functions, neurons have to respond accurately in both space and time to intracellular or intercellular cues. The regulation of these comprehensive responses involves ligand-receptor interactions, trafficking and local protein synthesis. Alterations in these mechanisms can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. Although studies on the transport and localization of signalling endosomes along the axon have shed light on some central pathways of neuronal survival and growth as well as synapse function, little is known about the spatiotemporal mechanisms that allow the same molecule to signal differently at diverse subcellular locations and in specific neuronal populations. In this review, we will provide an overview of retrograde axonal signalling mechanisms and discuss new advances in our understanding of the spatial-specific regulation of neuronal signalling and functions, mechanisms that allow the same signal to have a different effect in another subcellular location.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eitan Erez
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Zahavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maimon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perlson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor
keywords: Axonal Transport; Guidance Molecules; Neuronal Signalling; Neurotrophic Factors; Retrograde Signalling; Spatial Signalling