title: Analysis of gene expression EGFR and KRAS, microRNA-21 and microRNA-203 in patients with colon and rectal cancer and correlation with clinical outcome and prognostic factors.
abstract: To evaluate the expression of EGFR, KRAS genes, microRNAs-21 and 203 in colon and rectal cancer samples, correlated with their age at diagnosis, histological subtype, value of pretreatment CEA, TNM staging and clinical outcome.
  Expression of genes and microRNAs by real time PCR in tumor and non-tumor samples obtained from surgical treatment of 50 patients.
  An increased expression of microRNAs-21 and 203 in tumor samples in relation to non-tumor samples was found. There was no statistically significant difference between the expression of these genes and microRNAs when compared to age at diagnosis and histological subtype. The EGFR gene showed higher expression in relation to the value of CEA diagnosis. The expression of microRNA-203 was progressively lower in relation to the TNM staging and was higher in the patient group in clinical remission.
  The therapy of colon and rectum tumors based on microRNAs remains under investigation reserving huge potential for future applications and clinical interventions in conjunction with existing therapies. We expect, based on the exposed data, to stimulate the development of new therapeutic possibilities, making the treatment of these tumors more effective.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Thais Inácio de
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Health Sciences, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Pos-doctoral Fellow, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Technical procedures, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Paulo Cezar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Novais
authors.affiliation: Pos-doctoral Fellow, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Technical procedures, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Fermino Sanches
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lizarte
authors.affiliation: Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Renata Danielle
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sicchieri
authors.affiliation: Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Marcella Suelma Torrecillas
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Camila Albuquerque Mello de
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study.
authors.forename: Daniela Pretti da Cunha
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Tirapelli
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Medical Clinical, Oncology Program, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study.
authors.forename: Fernanda Maris
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Peria
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Coloproctology Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study.
authors.forename: José Joaquim Ribeiro da
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Coloproctology Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Concept, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; supervision of all phases of the study, critical revision.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Féres
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018773:Genes, erbB-1; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C117307:KRAS protein, human; C546703:MIRN203 microRNA, human; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)