title: Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Ki-67 Immunohistochemical Expression in Surface Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Surface Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (SEOC) at the moment of diagnosis, the disease is extended beyond the structures of the pelvis. Ki-67 is one of the prognostic marker which determines the growth fraction of a tumour and its over expression is associated with malignancy, tumour aggression, reserved prognosis and metastasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the proliferative activity using Ki-67 immuno-staining in SEOC and to correlate with histological subtype, grade, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, CA125 levels for diagnostic and prognostic purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysuru. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 40 cases of SEOC over a period of two years. The proliferation expression related to Ki-67 antigen was evaluated by immunohistochemical monoclonal MIB-1 antibody. In each case, the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) was articulated as percentage of positively stained cells using high power objective of the microscope (x400).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 40 carcinomas, 26 were serous, five mucinous, four each of clear cell and undifferentiated and one transitional cell carcinoma. A total of 75% were high grade tumours. High Ki-67 LI was associated with high grade tumours (69.9%), high grade serous tumours (65.34%) and advanced FIGO staging (70.6%) with the p-value of <0.001. CA 125 levels did not have a significant correlation with Ki-67 LI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ki-67 is an exceptionally a cost effective marker to determine the growth fraction of a tumour cell population. In SEOC histological grade and FIGO stage when combined with Ki-67 LI in histopathology report would help in diagnostic differentiation of subtypes, prognostication, deciding the need for adjuvant chemotherapy and in predicting survival analysis.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College, JSS University , Mysuru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevappa
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College, JSS University , Mysuru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Shruthi Mysore
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College, JSS University , Mysuru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Manjunath Gubbanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vimala
keywords: Ovary; Proliferative index; Serous carcinoma; Survival