title: Texas Bull Nettle (Cnidoscolus texanus) Exposures Reported to Texas Poison Centers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Texas bull nettle (Cnidoscolus texanus) is covered in bristly hairs similar to stinging nettle. Contact with the plant may result in intense dermal pain, burning, itching, cellulitis, and allergic reaction. This study characterizes C texanus exposures reported to a large state-wide poison center system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were C texanus exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000-2015. The distribution of cases was determined for patient demographics, exposure circumstances, and patient outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 140 C texanus exposures were identified. Twenty percent of the patients were aged ≤5 years, 21% were 6 to 12 years, 5% were 13 to 19 years, and 51% were ≥20years; and 51% of the patients were male. Eighty-one percent of the exposures occurred at the patient's own residence, 11% in a public area, 2% at another residence, and 1% at school. Seventy-eight percent of the patients were managed on site, 13% were already at or en route to a health care facility, and 6% were referred to a health care facility. Eighty-eight percent of the exposures resulted in dermal effects: irritation or pain (56%), erythema or flushing (31%), edema (27%), pruritus (24%), rash (19%), puncture or wound (19%), and hives or welts (11%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C texanus exposures reported to Texas poison centers were most likely to be unintentional and occur at the patient's own residence. The outcomes of the exposures tended not to be serious and could be managed successfully outside of health care facilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of State Health Services, Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX. Electronic address: mathias.forrester@dshs.state.tx.us.
authors.forename: Mathias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Forrester
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cnidoscolus texanus; Texas bull nettle; poison center