title: An oil containing EPA and DHA from transgenic Camelina sativa to replace marine fish oil in feeds for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Effects on intestinal transcriptome, histology, tissue fatty acid profiles and plasma biochemistry.
abstract: New de novo sources of omega 3 (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are required as alternatives to fish oil in aquafeeds in order to maintain adequate levels of the beneficial fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic (EPA and DHA, respectively). The present study investigated the use of an EPA+DHA oil derived from transgenic Camelina sativa in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeds containing low levels of fishmeal (35%) and fish oil (10%), reflecting current commercial formulations, to determine the impacts on tissue fatty acid profile, intestinal transcriptome, and health of farmed salmon. Post-smolt Atlantic salmon were fed for 12-weeks with one of three experimental diets containing either a blend of fish oil/rapeseed oil (FO), wild-type camelina oil (WCO) or transgenic camelina oil (DCO) as added lipid source. The DCO diet did not affect any of the fish performance or health parameters studied. Analyses of the mid and hindgut transcriptomes showed only mild effects on metabolism. Flesh of fish fed the DCO diet accumulated almost double the amount of n-3 LC-PUFA than fish fed the FO or WCO diets, indicating that these oils from transgenic oilseeds offer the opportunity to increase the n-3 LC-PUFA in farmed fish to levels comparable to those found a decade ago.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mónica B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Betancor
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Keshuai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Tora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bardal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sayanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usher
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Biomar AS, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Måsøval
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Matre, Matredal, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torrissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Johnathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Napier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tocher
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Rolf Erik
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005398:Fisheries; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000166:cytology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D029941:Fish Proteins; D010938:Plant Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid