title: Obstructive sleep apnea in a 5 month old with tonsillar hypertrophy secondary to congenital neutropenia: Case report and literature review.
abstract: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is the primary surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy (TAH). We present the case of a 5-month old male with congenital neutropenia who developed severe TAH during treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). He had severe OSA, decreased oral intake, and failure to thrive (FTT) which all improved after undergoing a successful intracapsular T&A. We describe a successful procedure to help alleviate symptoms of OSA and FTT in this young infant with congenital neutropenia who developed TAH during treatment with G-CSF. It highlights the need for further research into the pathophysiology of TAH in immunocompromised children and the effects of G-CSF on Waldeyer's Ring.
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital, Otolaryngology, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital, Otolaryngology, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Otolaryngology, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: emashela@texaschildrens.org.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods; D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000080984:Congenital Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: Congenital neutropenia; Growth colony stimulating factor; Tonsillectomy