title: Determination of cytokine levels in multiple sclerosis patients and their relevance with patients' response to Cinnovex.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with several environmental and genetic factors participating in its development and disease course. Interferon (IFN)-β therapy is considered as the first line treatment in this disorder. The present study enrolled 231 relapsing-remitting MS patients who were diagnosed as IFN-β responders (n=146) and non-responders (n=85). Serum cytokine levels were analyzed by commercially available ELISA kits in distinct groups based on HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 alleles. IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in responders compared with non-responders, whereas IL-17A and IL-6 had the opposite trend. The levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were not significantly different between two groups. IFN-γ and IL-17A levels were associated with response to IFN-β. Comparison of cytokine levels revealed higher IFN-γ levels in HLA-DRB1∗04 positive patients (n=72) compared with HLA-DRB1∗04 negative patients (n=159). In responder group, patients who were positive for HLA-DRB1∗15 had significantly higher levels of IL-6 compared to HLA-DRB1∗15 negative patients. IL-17A levels tend to be higher in responder patients who were positive for HLA-DRB1∗04 compared with those were negative for the same allele. This study suggests that the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are different among IFN-β responders and non-responders. Future studies are needed to confirm their efficiency in determination of response to IFN-β in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soudeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghafouri-Fard
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology Research Group, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arezou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sayad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdokht
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazdeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Davood_omrani@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Mir Davood
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Omrani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C527195:HLA-DRB1*04 antigen; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508717:IL17A protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a
keywords: Cytokine; IFN-β; Multiple sclerosis