title: Overexpression of FOXM1 Is a Potential Prognostic Marker in Male Breast Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have outlined biological differences between female and male breast cancer (MBC) and concluded that MBC should be considered as an entirely separate disease. Whether FOXM1 has any indication for prognosis in MBC patients remains unknown. We sought to examine the expression levels of FOXM1 in MBC and to identify the relationship between FOXM1 expression and patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  FOXM1 expression was evaluated in a total of 130 MBC specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FOXM1 was overexpressed in 37% of the MBC samples. FOXM1 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.045), histological grade (p = 0.048), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012), Ki-67 proliferation index (p = 0.016), and molecular subtypes (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses indicated that FOXM1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in MBC patients (p < 0.001, hazard ratio = 0.69 (0.43-0.96)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of FOXM1 was associated with well-established markers of poor prognosis; thus FOXM1 may represent a potential novel prognostic marker for MBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohistocytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Syrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdeljaoued
authors.forename: Ilhem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bettaieb
authors.forename: Meher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasri
authors.forename: Olfa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adouni
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goucha
authors.forename: Olfa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El Amine
authors.forename: Hammouda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boussen
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahal
authors.forename: Amor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamoudi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1