title: Enzyme-based solutions for textile processing and dye contaminant biodegradation-a review.
abstract: The textile industry, as recognized conformist and stake industry in the world's economy, is facing serious environmental challenges. In numerous industries, in practice, various chemical-based processes from initial sizing to final washing are fascinating harsh environment concerns. Some of these chemicals are corrosive to equipment and cause serious damage itself. Therefore, in the twenty-first century, chemical and allied industries quest a paradigm transition from traditional chemical-based concepts to a greener, sustainable, and environmentally friendlier catalytic alternative, both at the laboratory and industrial scales. Bio-based catalysis offers numerous benefits in the context of biotechnological industry and environmental applications. In recent years, bio-based processing has received particular interest among the scientist for inter- and multi-disciplinary investigations in the areas of natural and engineering sciences for the application in biotechnology sector at large and textile industries in particular. Different enzymatic processes such as chemical substitution have been developed or in the process of development for various textile wet processes. In this context, the present review article summarizes current developments and highlights those areas where environment-friendly enzymatic textile processing might play an increasingly important role in the textile industry. In the first part of the review, a special focus has been given to a comparative discussion of the chemical-based "classical/conventional" treatments and the modern enzyme-based treatment processes. Some relevant information is also reported to identify the major research gaps to be worked out in future.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products/Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahzad Ali Shahid
authors.initials: SAS
authors.lastname: Chatha
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asgher
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico. hafiz.iqbal@my.westminster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hafiz M N
authors.initials: HMN
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001709:Biotechnology; D002384:Catalysis; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006801:Humans; D013783:Textile Industry; D013784:Textiles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biodegradation; Dye contaminants; Environmentally-friendlier; Enzymatic catalysis; Textile processing