title: Delayed pacemaker lead perforations: Why unusual presentations should prompt an early multidisciplinary team approach.
abstract: Our first case is an 84-year-old female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome. She underwent implantation of dual chamber permanent pacemaker without complications. On the 8thday status-postimplantation, she returned to the emergency department (ED) with moderately severe left anterior chest pain and significant ecchymosis. She was given an initial diagnosis of shingles and discharged. Two days later, she returned to the ED with increasing chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. Lead migration and cardiac perforation was confirmed by chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT), respectively. She was taken to the operating room (OR) for lead repositioning, and she was discharged the next day. Our second case is a 64-year-old female with a diagnosis of 2:1 high-grade third-degree atrioventricular block. A dual chamber permanent pacemaker system was implanted without initial complication. Five days after implantation, she presented to the ED following an episode of syncope due to hypotension (67/46), shortness of breath, left flank pain, and fatigue. The initial diagnosis was sepsis. A chest CT was obtained, noting lead perforation and hemothorax. The patient was taken to the OR for lead repositioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Summa Health System, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: John An Kuang
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Summa Health System, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Firstenberg
keywords: Complications; lead perforation; misdiagnosis; pacemaker; skin lesion