title: Antioxidant Agent Quercetin Prevents Impairment of Bladder Tissue Contractility and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possible protective effect of quercetin (QT), which is well known for its antioxidant and protective effects in circumstances of oxidative stress, on urinary bladder tissue in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a known factor for the development of lower urinary tract dysfunction partly mediated by the generation of free radicals causing oxidative damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to I/R injury through clamping the abdominal aorta for 30 min and then allowing reperfusion for the next 60 min. Quercetin (20 mg/kg; subcutaneously) or vehicle were given before ischemia and just before reperfusion. Findings of the isometric contraction studies in the organ bath and of the histological examinations along with oxidative stress markers were evaluated in bladder tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the I/R group were reduced by QT treatment. In the I/R group, pro-apoptotic marker caspase-3 was increased and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein was decreased, while QT treatment significantly reversed these parameters. In the I/R group contractile responses of the bladder strips to carbachol were significantly lower than those of the control group, which were reversed by QT treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quercetin treatment protects bladder tissue contractility against acute I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by I/R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tinay
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tarik E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozge
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cevik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cadirci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hale
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toklu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetinel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Göksel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tufan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tarcan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C000617196:Bcl2 protein, rat; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011794:Quercetin; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020169:Caspases; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: ischemia reperfusion injury; quercetin; urinary bladder