title: Non-dietary analytical features of chimpanzee scats.
abstract: Non-dietary aspects of ape scats such as scat weight and diameter are correlated with age and sex of defaecator for gorillas and orangutans. Defaecation rates of primates, including apes, illuminate their role as primary seed dispersers. We assess if non-dietary features of scats for East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) reveal such insights for members of the Kanyawara community in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our objective is to see if such data yield useful perspectives for future census work on unhabituated chimpanzees, that is, what can scats tell us about a wild study population, beyond diet? We followed ten adults from this community, as well as travelling parties, comparing observed vs. unobserved defaecations, and collected data on scat weight and dimensions, defaecation rate, scat encounter rate, and interval between defaecations. Few non-dietary features of chimpanzee scats significantly differentiated sex or age of the defaecator, but total scat length and height distinguished adults from juveniles/infants. Defaecation rates and distance travelled were similar for adult males and females, indicating the importance of both sexes as potential primary seed dispersers. Observed travelling parties vs. non-observed travelling parties yielded similar data, indicating the potential to assess party size from scat encounter rates over a set distance. We provide detailed measurements of scat dimensions for this ape taxon which previously have been lacking. This research builds upon prior work by recording more in-depth data for focal subjects and travelling parties on defaecation and scat encounter rates. The findings presented should assist in the interpretation of scat data when censusing unhabituated chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa. Caroline.Phillips@wits.ac.za.|Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, 13A Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK. Caroline.Phillips@wits.ac.za.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wrangham
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, 13A Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK.|School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9JU, UK.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McGrew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D014454:Uganda
keywords: Body-weight; Census; Defaecation rate; Faeces; Great ape; Pan troglodytes