title: Function of nuclear membrane proteins in shaping the nuclear envelope integrity during closed mitosis.
abstract: The nuclear envelope (NE) not only protects the genome from being directly accessed by detrimental agents but also regulates genome organization. Breaches in NE integrity threaten genome stability and impede cellular function. Nonetheless, the NE constantly remodels, and NE integrity is endangered in dividing or differentiating cells. Specifically, in unicellular eukaryotes undergoing closed mitosis, the NE expands instead of breaking down during chromosome segregation. The newly assembling nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) penetrate the existing NE in interphase. A peculiar example of NE remodelling during nuclear differentiation in Tetrahymena involves formation of the redundant NE and clustered NPCs. Even under these conditions, the NE remains intact. Many recent studies on unicellular organisms have revealed that nuclear membrane proteins, such as LEM-domain proteins, play a role in maintaining NE integrity. This review summarizes and discusses how nuclear membrane proteins participate in NE integrity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Advance ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2492, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Advance ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2492, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Advance ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2492, Japan.
authors.forename: Tokuko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
mesh_terms: D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: LEM domain protein; nuclear differentiation; nuclear integrity; nuclear pore complex; redundant nuclear envelope