title: Trauma in Permanent Teeth: Factors Associated with Adverse Outcomes in a University Pediatric Dental Clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine variables associated with adverse outcomes among traumatized permanent teeth in a university pediatric dental clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic charts of children treated at a university-based dental clinic for trauma in permanent teeth were analyzed. Variables evaluated included demographics (age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and insurance type), affected tooth location, trauma characteristics, type of dental trauma, elapsed time between trauma and initial treatment, elapsed time between the initial and final treatment, initial treatment type, and initial and final restoration type. Adverse outcomes were defined as root canal treatment, decoronation, and extraction. Associations between adverse outcomes and each variable of interest were calculated using chi-square and Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. The significance level was set at five percent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse outcomes were significantly associated with the type of dental trauma (P=0.001), presence of luxation injury (P=0.048), initial dental treatment (P<0.001), and initial dental restoration type (P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treating dental trauma in permanent teeth in a timely manner can strongly impact their prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Director, Pediatric Dentistry Unit, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;, Email: arozy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rozi
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Research and Graduate Programs Department, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Mo., USA.
authors.forename: JoAnna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA.
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Seminario
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003442:Crowns; D003740:Dental Clinics; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D011670:Pulpectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014495:Universities; D014861:Washington