title: Bacterial Contamination of Anaesthetic and Vasopressor Drugs in the Operating Theatres: Ameliyathanelerde Anestetik ve Vazopressör İlaçların Bakteriyel Kontaminasyonu.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of bacterial and fungal contamination in anaesthetic and vasopressor drugs before and after use in operating theatres.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in the operating theatres of a university hospital. We collected 945 samples of three different drugs, namely, propofol, vecuronium and ephedrine, from 20 operating rooms and refrigerators where the unused drugs were stored. Each drug was divided into two groups, the pre-use group and the post-use group. The pre-use drugs were cultured before the patient received the drug. The post-use drugs were cultured after the patient had received the drug or after the drugs had been transferred to other syringes. The culture results were reported as either positive or negative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 945 drug samples, 26 (2.8%, 95% confidence interval=1.8%-4.0%) gave a positive culture. Of the 317 propofol samples, 20 (6.3%) were found to have bacterial contamination, 11 in the pre-use group and 9 in the post-use group. Of the 318 ephedrine samples, 6 (1.9%) were found to be positive on culture, one in the pre-use group and five in the post-use group. Vecuronium gave no positive cultures. All organisms were non-pathogenic, and no fungal contamination was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of bacterial contamination in anaesthetic and vasopressor drugs was 2.8%. Anaesthetic teams must be aware of contamination issues in anaesthetic drugs that have been prepared for later use and, in order to reduce the risk of contamination, they must improve the methods of administering drugs to patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rueangchira-Urai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panthila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rujirojindakul
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Alan Frederick
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Geater
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McNeil
keywords: Anaesthetic drug; contamination; operating room; sterility