title: Role of adenosine signaling in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
abstract: The plasma level of adenosine increases under ischemic and inflamed conditions in tumor microenvironment. Adenosine elicits a range of signaling pathways in tumors, resulting in either inhibition or enhancement of tumor growth depending upon different subtypes of adenosine receptors activation and type of cancer. Metabolism of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and its derivatives including adenosine is dysregulated in the breast tumor microenvironment, supporting the role of this metabolite in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Adenosine regulates inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metastasis in breast cancer cells. This review summarizes the role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of breast cancer for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahreyni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Sattar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Samani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reihane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Behnam-Rassouli
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryzhikov
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parizadeh
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4968-0962
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-4043
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassanian
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000241:Adenosine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: adenosine; adenosine receptors; breast cancer