title: Coronary sinus aneurysm associated with multiple venous anomalies.
abstract: Congenital anomalies of the venous system are rare, involve the inferior vena cava (IVC), a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), and the left hepatic vein (LHV), and can make cardiac diagnostic and therapeutic procedures difficult.
  
  
  
  We present a 67-year-old woman without heterotaxy syndrome associated with interruption of the left IVC that continued with the hemiazygos vein system, a PLSVC, and an anomalous LHV draining the into coronary sinus (CS). The venous anomalies caused a CS aneurysm. The anomalies were demonstrated by echocardiography and the diagnosis was established by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Three days later, a coronary artery bypass graft was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Half a month after surgery, the pain had been relieved and the patient was discharged from the hospital.
  
  
  
  Echocardiography is a useful modality to diagnose and assess anomalies of the CS, including CS aneurysms. Congenital anomalies of the venous system in this case were all due to embryonic development abnormalities. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography provides a more comprehensive view of the entire course of abnormal veins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. renwdcmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9555-0210
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003323:Coronary Aneurysm / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: Aneurysm; Coronary sinus; Hemiazygos vein; Hepatic vein; Interruption; Left inferior vena cava; Persistent left superior vena cava