title: Stable Li Plating/Stripping Electrochemistry Realized by a Hybrid Li Reservoir in Spherical Carbon Granules with 3D Conducting Skeletons.
abstract: Lithium metal is a promising battery anode. However, inhomogeneous mass and charge transfers across the Li/electrolyte interface result in formation of dendritic Li and "dead" Li, and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase, which incur serious problems to impede its service in rechargeable batteries. Here, we show that the above problems can be mitigated by regulating the interfacial mass/charge transfer. The key to our strategy is hybrid Li storage in onion-like, graphitized spherical C granules wired on a three-dimensional conducting skeleton, which enhances the negativity of surface charge of the C host to contribute to a uniform Li plating while also forming stable Li/C intercalation compounds to offset any irreversible Li loss during cycling. As a result, the anode shows a suppressed dendrite formation and a high Li utilization >95%, enabling a practical Li battery to strike a long lifespan of 1000 cycles at a surplus Li of merely 5%.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0546-0626
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ya-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Guo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0322-8476
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0656-0936
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wan