title: Work function mapping of MoOxthin-films for application in electronic devices.
abstract: The knowledge of the structural and electronic surface morphology is imperative to fully understand the charge transfer at interfaces of electronic devices, such as in photovoltaic (PV) cells. To this aim, here, we use low-energy electron microscopy to probe the unoccupied states of post-annealed MoOxthin-films grown in oxygen excess (x∼3.16) and deficient (x∼2.57) environments. 2D work function maps are correlated with the surface topography extracted by mirror electron microscopy (MEM) mode, which show homogenous surface morphology and electronic levels for the specimen with x∼2.57, while it demonstrates nanoaggregates with different work functions on top of flat surface areas for the sample grown with x∼3.16.
authors.affiliation: NanoSYD University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400-Sønderborg, Denmark. Electronic address: cauduro@mci.sdu.dk.
authors.forename: André L F
authors.initials: ALF
authors.lastname: Cauduro
authors.affiliation: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dos Reis
authors.affiliation: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: NanoSYD University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400-Sønderborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Horst-Günter
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Rubahn
authors.affiliation: NanoSYD University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400-Sønderborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madsen
keywords: Leem; MoO(x) thin-films; Morphology; Reactive sputtering; Surface aggregation; Work function