title: Estrogen-Related Factors in the Frontal Lobe of Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Importance of Body Mass Index.
abstract: Estrogens play a physiologically important role in the brain, but controversies exist regarding the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and estrogens. Estrogen-related factors were comprehensively examined in frontal lobe tissues from autopsied AD patients, and compared with controls. Concentrations of estrogens, expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), and estrogen-metabolizing enzymes (EMEs) which are important for determining the peripheral estrogen concentrations, were examined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Body mass index (BMI), known to correlate with the serum estrogen concentrations, was also taken into consideration. There were no significant differences in estrogen concentrations or each EME level between the two groups in both the cortex and white matter, whereas glial nuclear ER-β expression was significantly lower in white matter from the AD group than the control group (Allred score, 3.2 ± 0.3 and 6.5 ± 0.3, respectively. P < 0.0001). Estrogen concentrations were found to closely correlate with BMI, particularly in controls. ER-β loss in the white matter from the AD group suggests the necessity of studying the effects of estrogens on glias as well as neurons in the etiology of AD. The correlation between BMI and estrogen concentrations in the frontal lobe suggests the importance of non-brain sources of estrogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Omori-Nishi 5-21-16, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan. naoko.honma@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Hikariga-oka 1, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Omori-Nishi 5-21-16, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Dengakugakubo 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakaecho 35-2, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Seijiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakaecho 35-2, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Dengakugakubo 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D066127:White Matter / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen