title: A Dedicated Spanish Language Line Increases Enrollment of Hispanics Into Prehospital Clinical Research.
abstract: Novel methods are needed to reduce the disparity of Hispanic enrollment in stroke clinical trials. Prehospital enrollment using a dedicated Spanish language line may help overcome this bias.
  
  
  
  Subjects or legally authorized representatives provided information on race and ethnicity for all cases enrolled in the FAST-MAG clinical trial (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium), a prehospital phase 3 randomized study of intravenous magnesium for neuroprotection. One of 2 in-ambulance cell phones (in English or Spanish) was used to obtain informed content in the field. We describe the yield and characteristics of subjects enrolled via Spanish line.
  
  
  
  There were 1700 subjects enrolled from 2005 to 2012, of which 402 (24%) identified as Hispanic ethnicity. Study racial makeup was 1325 (78%) white, 219 (13%) black, and 139 (8%) Asian. The dedicated Spanish line was used for 195 (12%) enrollments. Spanish-line enrollments were younger (65 versus 70 years old;P<0.001), more likely to identify as Hispanic (98% versus 14%;P<0.001), and more likely to present with intracerebral hemorrhage (36% versus 21%;P<0.001).
  
  
  
  The use of a dedicated Spanish language enrollment line allowed for greater enrollment of Hispanics, a population with significantly different baseline characteristics.
  
  
  
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059332.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.). sanossia@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nerses
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanossian
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Starkman
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Franklin D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim-Tenser
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Latisha K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdes-Suieras
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conwit
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (N.S., L.R., M.K.-T.) and Emergency Medicine (M.E.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; UCLA Stroke Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.L., S.S., L.K.S., L.R., M.V.-S., J.L.S.); School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (S.S.); Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA (F.D.P.); Stanford University, CA (S.H.); and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.).
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saver
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000592:standards; D002140:California / Q000208:ethnology; D040421:Cell Phone; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000592:standards*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018579:Patient Selection; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: ambulances; cell phones; clinical trial; magnesium; stroke