title: Quality of Life and Functional Vision in Children with Glaucoma.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of glaucoma on functional vision and on vision-related (VR) and health-related (HR) quality of life (QoL) in children up to 16 years of age.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  
  One hundred nineteen children 2 to 16 years of age (mean age, 9.4 years; standard deviation [SD], 4.56 years) with glaucoma and their parents.
  
  
  
  Completion of 3 validated instruments for children to assess (1) functional visual ability (FVA) with the Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children (CVAQC), (2) VR QoL with the Impact of Vision Impairment for Children (IVI-C), and (3) HR QoL with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) version 4.0.
  
  
  
  Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children, IVI-C, and PedsQL scores.
  
  
  
  Scores for FVA, VR QoL, and HR QoL were reduced in children with glaucoma: median CVAQC score, -1.24 (interquartile range [IQR], -2.2 to -0.11; range, -3.00 higher visual ability to +2.80 lower visual ability); mean IVI-C score, 67.3 (SD, 14.4; normal VR QoL, 96); median PedsQL self-report, 78.8 (IQR, 67.4-90.2); parent report, 71.2 (IQR, 55.7-85.8); and family impact score, 74.3 (IQR, 56.9-88.5; normal HR QoL, 100). Psychosocial subscores were lower than physical subscores on the PedsQL. Older children reported less impairment on CVAQC, IVI-C, and PedsQL than younger children. Parents reported greater impact on their child's HR QoL than children reported themselves.
  
  
  
  Glaucoma and its management have a marked impact on a child's FVA and QoL. Children with glaucoma report HR QoL scores similar to those described by children with severe congenital cardiac defects, who have undergone liver transplants, or who have acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: annegret.dahlmann-noor@moorfields.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlmann-Noor
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tailor
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Primary Care & Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Catey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Adnexal Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yassir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abou-Rayyah
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peng T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*