title: Three Skin Zones in the Asian Upper Eyelid Pertaining to the Asian Blepharoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural looking double fold is an essential and aesthetically pleasing masterpiece in Asian blepharoplasty. This study aims to emphasize the 3 skin zone concept in the Asian upper blepharoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined the anterior lamella of each skin zone microscopically by performing 31 double-eyelid surgeries and 11 infrabrow lifts. Characteristics of dermal components, subcutaneous tissue, and outer fascia of OOM (OFOOM) at each skin zone were documented. The authors evaluated the vertical scales of each skin zone in young and aged Asian patients who visited the first author's clinic for the primary or secondary upper blepharoplasty with ×3.5 magnifying surgical loupe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The thickness of OOM had no difference among zones 1, 2, and 3. The skin and subdermal tissue had varying characteristics according to its skin zone. At zone 1, it seemed that only thin skin was on the OOM. The anterior lamella of zone 2 seemed to consist of skin, white fascia (OFOOM) including a venous network, and OOM in a gross field. At zone 3, thick skin, thick subcutaneous fatty layer, and OOM were magnified. The OFOOM of zone 3 was not significantly identified due to a sticky adherence with OOM. At the point of vertical scales of skin zone, good eyelids have lower zone 3 ratio and higher zones 1 and 2 ratio with qualified topographic condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors classified the Asian upper eyelid as with 3 skin zones. Based on its anatomical investigation, the authors can afford anthropometric data and supplemental theory for the creation of aesthetic folds.
authors.affiliation: *Choi Yeop Plastic Surgery Clinic †Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Naju Community Health Center ‡Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeop
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyun Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yong Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D055815:Young Adult