title: The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and thymoquinone on otitis media with effusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CAPE and thymoquinone in experimental rat otitis media with effusion (OME) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoral approach of eustachian tube orifice cauterization were administered to 36 of 40 rats participating the study. After application of exclusion criterias, 22 rats with appropriate conditions were determined. Totally 26 rats (44 otitis model ears and 8 normal ears) were randomly divided into 5 groups. While group I was consisted of healthy rats, the other groups were consisted of rats with otitis model. Group I (saline + control group; n = 8 normal ears) and group II (saline + otitis model; n = 10 otitis model ears) received intraperitoneally saline solution. CAPE was given intraperitoneally to group III (CAPE + otitis model; n = 12 otitis model ears) at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for treatment of otitis media. Group IV (thymoquinone + otitis model; n = 12 otitis model ears) was treated orally with 10 mg/kg of thymoquinone. Group V (methylprednisolone + otitis model; n = 10 otitis model ears) was treated intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg of methylprednisolone. Tympanic bulla samples were excised after 10th day of treatment and examined under light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Submucosal neutrophil leukocyte count of group I was significantly lower than other groups (II, IV, V) (respectively p < 0,0001, p < 0,001, p < 0,0001, Tukey test), while it was not significantly different from group III (p = 0,056, Tukey test). Submucosal neutrophil leukocyte count of group III was significantly lower than group II and group V (p = 0.029 ve p = 0.03, Tukey test). There was no significant difference between group IV and group V (p = 0,28, Tukey test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these findings, it could be suggested that CAPE, anti inflammatory properties proven in the literature, plays an important role in OME treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Collage, 31030, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: ihsangulmez@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet İhsan
authors.initials: Mİ
authors.lastname: Gülmez
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Collage, 31030, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: semsettinokuyucu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Şemsettin
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Okuyucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Collage, 31030, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: drecepfatih@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dokuyucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Collage, 31030, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: hasan.gokce@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gökçe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005064:Eustachian Tube; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013701:Temporal Bone
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002109:Caffeic Acids; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; C003466:thymoquinone
keywords: Caffeic acid phenyl ester; Inflammation; Otitis media with effusion; Thymoquinone