title: Increase of glutathione, testosterone and antioxidant effects of Jurenia dolomiaea on CCl4induced testicular toxicity in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Root of Jurenia dolomiaea is used traditionally in various disorders involving oxidative injuries i.e. rheumatism, gout and as stimulant. Earlier we have investigated in vitro antioxidant and DNA protective ability. In this investigation we have evaluated protective potential of J. dolomiaea root against the oxidative injuries induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in testes of rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dried roots of J. dolomiaea were powdered and extracted with 95% methanol and residue was fractionated in escalating polarity of solvents. On the basis of potent antioxidant ability; the ethyl acetate fraction (JDEE) was selected to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity against CCl4induced oxidative stress in rat. Sprague Dawley male rats (42) were equally divided in to 7 groups: control, vehicle control, JDEE (400 mg/kg; p.o.) alone, CCl4(I ml/kg; 1:10 v/v in olive oil) alone, JDEE (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) with CCl4, and silymarin (200 mg/kg) with CCl4on alternate days for 60 days. Testes samples were investigated for antioxidant enzymes, biochemical markers and histopathology while the serum samples were analyzed for the testosterone level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of CCl4to rats depleted the activity level of antioxidant enzymes viz.; CAT, POD, SOD, GST, GPx, and GR, and the concentration of protein and GSH while enhanced the level of lipid peroxides (TBARS), H2O2and nitrite in testes samples of rat. Concentration of testosterone in serum of rat decreased with CCl4treatment. Co-treatment of silymarin and the JDEE (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) lessened the toxic effects of CCl4and reversed the level of these parameters towards the control group. An admirable increase (P < 0.05) in the level of GSH in testes, testosterone in serum and thickness of germinal layers in testes with JDEE (400 mg/kg) alone was recorded. Histopathological observation of testes samples endorsed the alterations induced with different treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JDEE co-treatment to rats ameliorated the toxic effects of CCl4in testes samples. Enhanced level of GSH, thickness of germinal layers in testes and testosterone in serum with JDEE (400 mg/kg) treatment alone to rats demanded the evaluation of JDEE for sexual behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naseer Ali
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. mrkhanqau@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Rashid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-3264
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013739:Testosterone; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Gsh; Jurenia dolomiaea; Lipid peroxides; Testosterone