title: Exercise intensity, redox homeostasis and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 12 weeks of exercise training at two intensities on oxidative stress, antioxidants and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six participants with T2D were randomized to complete either 12 weeks of treadmill based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), followed by 40 weeks of home-based training at the same intensities. Plasma inflammation, oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers (total F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, interleukin-10, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and TNF-α) were measured at baseline, 12-weeks and 1-year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers from baseline to 12-weeks in either intervention. A decrease in total antioxidant capacity in the MICT group from baseline to 1-year by 0.05mmol/L (p=0.05) was observed. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) when groups were separated by sex with females in the MICT group having a 22.1% (p<0.05) decrease in protein carbonyls from baseline to 1-year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIIT and MICT had no acute effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with T2D.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Alistair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mallard
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine-Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
authors.forename: Siri Marte
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hollekim-Strand
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: jcoombes@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coombes
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine-Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
authors.forename: Charlotte B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ingul
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training / Q000379:methods*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase
keywords: F(2)-isoprostanes; High-intensity interval training; Interleukin-6; Moderate-intensity exercise; Protein carbonyls; TNF-α