title: Continued Transmission of Zika Virus in Humans in West Africa, 1992-2016.
abstract: First identified in 1947 in Uganda, Zika virus (ZIKV) has remained largely unstudied until the recent outbreak in Latin America. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of ZIKV in febrile patients in Senegal and Nigeria in samples collected from 1992 to 2016. The seroprevalence of ZIKV was 6.2% based on ZIKV immunoglobulin M and negative for dengue reactivity. ZIKV envelope was amplified from 4 samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ZIKVs belonged to the African lineage, grouping with either the Nigerian or MR766 sublineages. This study provides evidence that ZIKV has been silently circulating in West Africa for 2 decades.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Bobby Brooke
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University and Le Dantec Hospital, and.|Institute of Health Research, Epidemiological Surveillance and Training, Dakar, Senegal ; and.
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mboup
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University and Le Dantec Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Daouda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.affiliation: Jos University Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Godwin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imade
authors.affiliation: Jos University Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okpokwu
authors.affiliation: Jos University Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oche
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Agbaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University and Le Dantec Hospital, and.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bei
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Phyllis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kanki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Africa.; HIV; Malaria; Nigeria; Senegal; Seroprevalence; Zika virus