title: Intestinal microbiome in children with severe and complicated acute viral gastroenteritis.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microbiota of children with severe or complicated acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE). To that end, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene in 20 hospitalized pediatric patients with severe or complicated AGE and a further 20 otherwise healthy children; the fecal microbiome was then assessed. Comparative metagenomics data were analyzed by a Wilcoxon rank-sum test and hierarchical clustering analysis of bacterial reads. The statistical analyses showed a significantly decreased Shannon diversity index (entropy score) of the intestinal microbiota in patients with severe AGE compared with normal controls (P = 0.017) and patients with mild-to-moderate AGE (P = 0.011). The intestinal microbiota score of the 5 patients with rotavirus AGE was significantly lower than that of those with norovirus infection (P = 0.048). Greater richness in Campylobacteraceae (P = 0.0003), Neisseriaceae (P = 0.0115), Methylobacteriaceae (P = 0.0004), Sphingomonadaceae (P = 0.0221), and Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.0451) was found in patients with complicated AGE compared with normal controls. The data suggest a significant reduction in intestinal microbial diversity in patients with severe AGE, particularly those with rotavirus infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Neu
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Min-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-Shien
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University College of Engineering, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Yeh
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsun-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D044822:Biodiversity; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S