title: The effect of low ventilation rate with elevated bioeffluent concentration on work performance, perceived indoor air quality, and health symptoms.
abstract: The aim of this laboratory experiment was to study the effects of ventilation rate, and related changes in air quality, predominantly bioeffluents, on work performance, perceived indoor air quality, and health symptoms in a typical conditions of modern open-plan office with low material and equipment emissions. In Condition A, outdoor air flow rate of 28.2 l/s person (CO2level 540 ppm) was applied and in Condition B, outdoor air flow rate was 2.3 l/s person (CO2level 2260 ppm). CO2concentration level was used as an indicator of bioeffluents. Performance was measured with seven different tasks which measure different cognitive processes. Thirty-six subjects participated in the experiment. The exposure time was 4 hours. Condition B had a weak negative effect on performance only in the information retrieval tasks. Condition B increased slightly subjective workload and perceived fatigue. No effects on health symptoms were found. The intensity of symptoms was low in both conditions. The experimental condition had an effect on perceived air quality and observed odor intensity only in the beginning of the session. Although the room temperature was controlled in both conditions, the heat was perceived to impair the performance more in Condition B.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Indoor Environment, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-8726
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maula
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Indoor Environment, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hongisto
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naatula
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Indoor Environment, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haapakangas
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland.|Indoor Environment, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koskela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014691:Ventilation; D000066477:Work Performance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: CO2 concentration; air quality; cognitive performance; human bioeffluents; open-plan offices; perceived fatigue