title: Multisensory control of a straight locomotor trajectory.
abstract: Locomotor steering is contingent upon orienting oneself spatially in the environment. When the head is turned while walking, the optic flow projected onto the retina is a complex pattern comprising of a translational and a rotational component. We have created a unique paradigm to simulate different optic flows in a virtual environment. We hypothesized that non-visual (vestibular and somatosensory) cues are required for proper control of a straight trajectory while walking. This research study included 9 healthy young subjects walking in a large physical space (40×25m2) while the virtual environment is viewed in a helmet-mounted display. They were instructed to walk straight in the physical world while being exposed to three conditions: (1) self-initiated active head turns (AHT: 40° right, left, or none); (2) visually simulated head turns (SHT); and (3) visually simulated head turns with no target element (SHT_NT). Conditions 1 and 2 involved an eye-level target which subjects were instructed to fixate, whereas condition 3 was similar to condition 2 but with no target. Identical retinal flow patterns were present in the AHT and SHT conditions whereas non-visual cues differed in that a head rotation was sensed only in AHT but not in SHT. Body motions were captured by a 12-camera Vicon system. Horizontal orientations of the head and body segments, as well as the trajectory of the body's centre of mass were analyzed. SHT and SNT_NT yielded similar results. Heading and body segment orientations changed in the direction opposite to the head turns in SHT conditions. Heading remained unchanged across head turn directions in AHT. Results suggest that non-visual information is used in the control of heading while being exposed to changing rotational optic flows. The small magnitude of the changes in SHT conditions suggests that the CNS can re-weight relevant sources of information to minimize heading errors in the presence of sensory conflicts.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Feil and Oberfeld /CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, CISSS-Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Feil and Oberfeld /CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, CISSS-Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Feil and Oberfeld /CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, CISSS-Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Anouk
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D057849:Optic Flow; D009949:Orientation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012399:Rotation; D012677:Sensation; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Walking; optic flow; self motion; somatosensation; steering; vestibular