title: Prevalence and vertical transmission of human pegivirus among pregnant women infected with HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) and factors associated with vertical transmission among pregnant women infected with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women treated at an HIV reference service in Rio Grande, Brazil, between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2015. The polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose HPgV infection among the women and their neonates. Clinical, obstetric, and neonatal data were obtained from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection with HPgV was detected among 16 (25%) of 63 women and 5 (8%) of 63 newborns, corresponding to a vertical transmission rate of 31%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the absence of prenatal care was the only risk factor for vertical transmission of HPgV (prevalence ratio 19.61, 95% confidence interval 1.29-297.48; P=0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal care could protect against vertical transmission of HPgV among women infected with HIV; however, studies among HIV-negative individuals are still required to verify this correlation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lobato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda M
authors.initials: MFM
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.affiliation: Medicine Faculty, University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanusa P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: da Hora
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria B
authors.initials: AMB
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018178:Flaviviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D029407:GB virus C / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: GB virus C; Hepatitis G virus; Human pegivirus; Infectious disease; Pregnancy; Prenatal care; Vertical transmission