title: Role of Growth Hormone in Breast Cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women. Approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers diagnosed are classified as hormone dependent, which indicates that hormones are the key factors that drive the growth of these breast cancers. Ovarian and pituitary hormones play a major role in the growth and development of normal mammary glands and breast cancer. In particular, the effect of the ovarian hormone estrogen has received much attention in regard to breast cancer. Pituitary hormones prolactin and growth hormone have also been associated with breast cancer. Although the role of these pituitary hormones in breast cancers has been studied, it has not been investigated extensively. In this review, we attempt to compile basic information from most of the currently available literature to understand and demonstrate the significance of growth hormone in breast cancer. Based on the available literature, it is clear that growth hormone plays a significant role in the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer by influencing tumor angiogenesis, stemness, and chemoresistance.
authors.affiliation: Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905.
authors.forename: Ramadevi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.affiliation: Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905.
authors.forename: Sushmita B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Nandy
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905.
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pedroza
authors.affiliation: Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905.|Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905.
authors.forename: Rajkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakshmanaswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011388:Prolactin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D011388:Prolactin