title: Retrograde trans-synaptic visual pathway degeneration in multiple sclerosis: A case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trans-synaptic degeneration (TSD) describes the propagation of neuronal injury through synaptic pathways in the human nervous system and may be linked to the accelerated retinal atrophy seen in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report six cases where homonymous, hemi-macular ganglion cell + inner plexiform (GCIP) thickness reduction was seen in conjunction with posterior visual pathway lesions. Macular microcystoid changes of the inner nuclear layer (INL) were seen in a subset of three subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the utility of assessing regional GCIP changes to identify potential retrograde TSD in MS and demonstrate that INL changes may be an accompaniment in such instances.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Louzi
authors.affiliation: The Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Button
authors.affiliation: The Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.affiliation: The Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Calabresi
authors.affiliation: The Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saidha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012183:Retrograde Degeneration; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: MRI; Relapsing/remitting; T2 lesions; atrophy; optical coherence tomography; retina