title: Is Industry Funding Associated with Greater Scholarly Impact Among Academic Neurosurgeons?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between industry payments and scholarly impact among academic neurosurgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Faculty names and academic rank data were obtained from department websites, bibliometric data were obtained from the Scopus database, and industry payment data were obtained from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services open payments database (openpayments.cms.gov). The h-index was used to estimate scholarly impact. Payments were classified as "general," "associated research," and "research payments." Subgroup analyses were done for academic rank, fellowship training, and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1008 academic neurosurgeons, scholarly impact was greater among individuals receiving associated research industry support compared with those not receiving it. Scholarly impact also was greater among individuals who received more than $10,000 of any type of industry support compared with individuals who received less than that or no payment. This association also was seen in fellowship-trained surgeons. Female neurosurgeons were less likely than male neurosurgeons to get industry funding and were likely to get less funding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between associated research funding from industry and scholarly impact among academic neurosurgeons. It's unclear whether this association is a result of funding facilitating more research projects that eventually lead to more high-impact publications, if industry is providing more funding to academic neurosurgeons with greater scholarly impact, or whether it represents intrinsic academic activity among a group of neurosurgeons who are more likely to be academically productive and procure funding from all potential sources to increase this activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Electronic address: jean.anderson.eloy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mcleod
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Svider
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Soly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Folbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Couldwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D014487:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.; D004345:Drug Industry; D004526:Efficiency; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005260:Female; D005378:Financial Support; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D000069471:Neurosurgeons; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States
keywords: Funding; Industry; Neurosurgery; Scholarly impact; Sex disparity; h-index