title: Transcriptional integration of paternal and maternal factors in theArabidopsiszygote.
abstract: In many plants, the asymmetric division of the zygote sets up the apical-basal axis of the embryo. Unlike animals, plant zygotes are transcriptionally active, implying that plants have evolved specific mechanisms to control transcriptional activation of patterning genes in the zygote. InArabidopsis, two pathways have been found to regulate zygote asymmetry: YODA (YDA) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which is potentiated by sperm-delivered mRNA of the SHORT SUSPENSOR (SSP) membrane protein, and up-regulation of the patterning geneWOX8by the WRKY2 transcription factor. How SSP/YDA signaling is transduced into the nucleus and how these pathways are integrated have remained elusive. Here we show that paternal SSP/YDA signaling directly phosphorylates WRKY2, which in turn leads to the up-regulation ofWOX8transcription in the zygote. We further discovered the transcription factors HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11/12 (HDG11/12) as maternal regulators of zygote asymmetry that also directly regulateWOX8transcription. Our results reveal a framework of how maternal and paternal factors are integrated in the zygote to regulate embryo patterning.
authors.affiliation: BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.|Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.|Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.|Laboratory of Plant Growth Regulation, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6892-2744
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aichinger
authors.affiliation: BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.|Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verstraeten
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.|Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.|Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.|Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lam Dai
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.|Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ive
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.affiliation: Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.|Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.|Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Tech Agency (JST), Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Growth Regulation, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.|CREST, JST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.affiliation: BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laux
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D000072741:Maternal Inheritance; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000072740:Paternal Inheritance; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015053:Zygote / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C586313:HDG11 protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors; C525390:WOX8 protein, Arabidopsis; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; C539498:SSP protein, Arabidopsis; C458516:AtMPK3 protein, Arabidopsis; C436293:MPK6 protein, Arabidopsis; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
keywords: MAPK signaling; WOX8; maternal factors; zygote asymmetry