title: Evaluation of the release profile, stability and antioxidant activity of a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract co-encapsulated with α-tocopherol by spray chilling.
abstract: Cinnamon has many health improving compounds such as proanthocyanidins, which also have potential for the prevention of damages caused by diabetes. Similarly, α-tocopherol is a natural antioxidant with important role on protection of fatty acids in membranes and lipoproteins. However, the addition of antioxidants in food may result in interaction with food matrix, low stability and unpleasant taste. In the present study, a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract (PRCE) (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) was co-encapsulated with α-tocopherol into solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) by spray chilling. The microparticles were characterized with regard to the physical and chemical properties, morphology, proanthocyanidin stability and release profile. SLMs were spherical with an average diameter of ca. 80μm. Proanthocyanidins were highly stable in SLMs stored for up to 90days at 5, 25 and 37°C. Moreover, SLMs gradually released proanthocyanidins in simulated gastrointestinal fluids by a diffusional process, following a Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic. Analyses of the antioxidant compounds indicated that PRCE components exhibited a higher scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Thus, the SLMs produced in the present study have potential for application in the development of new functional foods and nutraceuticals, also providing an alternative for the controlled release of proanthocyanidins and α-tocopherol into the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fabricio.tulini@ufob.edu.br.
authors.forename: Fabrício L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Tulini
authors.affiliation: Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Volnei B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomazini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marluci P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adna P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Massarioli
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Severino M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliria M J A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pallone
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCF), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Favaro-Trindade
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D065546:Drug Liberation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
keywords: Antioxidant; Gastrointestinal fluids; Microparticles; Release; Spray cooling