title: Prevalence of the Short Face Pattern in Individuals of Bauru-Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of short face pattern in ethnically different individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 4,409 Brazilians (2,192 females and 2,217 males), with a mean age of 13 years, enrolled in secondary schools in the municipality of Bauru. The sample inclusion criteria involved subjects with vertically impaired facial relationship based on excessive lip compression, when standing at natural head position, with the lips at rest. Once short face syndrome had been identified, the individuals were classified into three severity subtypes: mild, moderate, and severe. The sample was then stratified by ethnic background as White (Caucasoid), Black (African descent), Brown (mixed Caucasian-African descent), Yellow (Asian descent), and Brazilian Indian (Native Brazilian descent), using the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics classification. The chi-square test at the 5% significance level was used to compare frequency ratios of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships and across different ethnicities, according to severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of short face pattern was 3.15%, as 1.11%, 1.99%, and 0.02% considered mild, moderate and severe subtypes, respectively. The severe subtype was rare (0.02%) and found only in one White individual. The White group had the highest relative frequency (45.53%) of the moderate subtype, followed by Brown individuals (43.40%). In the mild subtype, Yellow (68.08%) and White (62.21%) individuals showed similar and higher relative frequency values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of short face pattern was 3.15%, and White individuals had the highest prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas Rezende
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Castro Ferreira Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leopoldino Capelozza
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Almeida-Pedrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Almeida Cardoso
keywords: Epidemiology; Excessive lip compression; Frequency of short face pattern; Malocclusion; Orthodontics