title: Ultra-stable self-foaming oils.
abstract: This paper is concerned with the foaming of a range of fats in the absence of added foaming agent/emulsifier. By controlling the temperature on warming from the solid or cooling from the melt, crystals of high melting triglycerides form in a continuous phase of low melting triglycerides. Such crystal dispersions in oil can be aerated to produce whipped oils of high foamability and extremely high stability. The foams do not exhibit drainage and bubbles neither coarsen nor coalesce as they become coated with solid crystals. The majority of the findings relate to coconut oil but the same phenomenon occurs in shea butter, cocoa butter and palm kernel stearin. For each fat, there exists an optimum temperature for foaming at which the solid fat content reaches up to around 30%. We demonstrate that the oil foams are temperature-responsive and foam collapse can be controllably triggered by warming the foam to around the melting point of the crystals. Our hypothesis is given credence in the case of the pure system of tristearin crystals in liquid tricaprylin.
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK. Electronic address: b.p.binks@hull.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bernard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Binks
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marinopoulos
mesh_terms: D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000074263:Coconut Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; C003637:tricaprylin; C022618:tristearin; D000074263:Coconut Oil
keywords: Crystals; Oil foam; Saturated fat; Temperature-responsive; Whipping