title: MPK9 and MPK12 function in SA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) induces stomatal closure sharing several components with abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signaling. We have previously shown that two guard cell-preferential mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MPK9 and MPK12, positively regulate ABA signaling and MeJA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we examined whether these two MAPKs are involved in SA-induced stomatal closure using genetic mutants and a pharmacological, MAPKK inhibitor. Salicylic acid induced stomatal closure in mpk9 and mpk12 single mutants but not in mpk9 mpk12 double mutants. The MAPKK inhibitor PD98059 inhibited SA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants. Salicylic acid induced extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular ROS accumulation, and cytosolic alkalization in the mpk9, mpk12, and mpk9 mpk12 mutants. Moreover, SA-activated S-type anion channels in guard cells of wild-type plants but not in guard cells of mpk9 mpk12 double mutants. These results imply that MPK9 and MPK12 are positive regulators of SA signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells.
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Md Atiqur Rahman
authors.initials: MAR
authors.lastname: Khokon
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Abdus
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biology , Pomona College , Claremont , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jammes
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Wenxiu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Anowar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: d Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science , Daegu , Republic of Korea.|e Department of New Biology , DGIST , Daegu , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050994:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005419:Flavonoids; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050994:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C072239:methyl jasmonate; C583609:MPK12 protein, Arabidopsis; C583608:MPK9 protein, Arabidopsis; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020156:Salicylic Acid; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
keywords: S-type anion channel in guard cells; cytosolic alkalization; mitogen-activated protein kinase; reactive oxygen species; salicylic acid