title: Surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence on Au nanohole array for prostate-specific antigen detection.
abstract: Localized surface plasmon (LSP) has been widely applied for the enhancement of fluorescence emission for biosensing owing to its potential for strong field enhancement. However, due to its small penetration depth, LSP offers limited fluorescence enhancement over a whole sensor chip and, therefore, insufficient sensitivity for the detection of biomolecules, especially large molecules. We demonstrate the simultaneous excitation of LSP and propagating surface plasmon (PSP) on an Au nanohole array under Kretschmann configuration for the detection of prostate-specific antigen with a sandwich immunoassay. The proposed method combines the advantages of high field enhancement by LSP and large surface area probed by PSP field. The simulated results indicated that a maximum enhancement of electric field intensity up to 1,600 times can be achieved under the simultaneous excitation of LSP and PSP modes. The sandwich assay of PSA carried out on gold nanohole array substrate showed a limit of detection of 140 fM supporting coexcitation of LSP and PSP modes. The limit of detection was approximately sevenfold lower than that when only LSP was resonantly excited on the same substrate. The results of this study demonstrate high fluorescence enhancement through the coexcitation of LSP and PSP modes and pave a way for its implementation as a highly sensitive bioassay.
authors.affiliation: School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Photonics Department, Institute of High Performance Computing.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR).
authors.forename: Ten It
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR).
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Photonics Department, Institute of High Performance Computing.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liedberg
authors.affiliation: School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China; Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004560:Electricity; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: fluorescence enhancement; gold nanohole array; localized surface plasmon; propagating surface plasmon; prostate-specific antigen