title: Cancer immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 signaling pathway.
abstract: Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, joining surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. While early immunotherapies focused on accelerating T-cell activity, current immune-checkpoint inhibitors take the brakes off the anti-tumor immune responses. Successful clinical trials with PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and other immune-checkpoint inhibitors have opened new avenues in cancer immunology. However, the failure of a large subset of cancer patients to respond to these new immunotherapies has led to intensified research on combination therapies and predictive biomarkers. Here we summarize the development of PD-1-blockade immunotherapy and current issues in its clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. honjo@mfour.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Cancer immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint; PD-1; PD-L1