title: A novel Meloidogyne graminicola effector, MgGPP, is secreted into host cells and undergoes glycosylation in concert with proteolysis to suppress plant defenses and promote parasitism.
abstract: Plant pathogen effectors can recruit the host post-translational machinery to mediate their post-translational modification (PTM) and regulate their activity to facilitate parasitism, but few studies have focused on this phenomenon in the field of plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we show that the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne graminicola has evolved a novel effector, MgGPP, that is exclusively expressed within the nematode subventral esophageal gland cells and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage of M. graminicola. The effector MgGPP plays a role in nematode parasitism. Transgenic rice lines expressing MgGPP become significantly more susceptible to M. graminicola infection than wild-type control plants, and conversely, in planta, the silencing of MgGPP through RNAi technology substantially increases the resistance of rice to M. graminicola. Significantly, we show that MgGPP is secreted into host plants and targeted to the ER, where the N-glycosylation and C-terminal proteolysis of MgGPP occur. C-terminal proteolysis promotes MgGPP to leave the ER, after which it is transported to the nucleus. In addition, N-glycosylation of MgGPP is required for suppressing the host response. The research data provide an intriguing example of in planta glycosylation in concert with proteolysis of a pathogen effector, which depict a novel mechanism by which parasitic nematodes could subjugate plant immunity and promote parasitism and may present a promising target for developing new strategies against nematode infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Borong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiuling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-3256
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D059748:Proteolysis; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins