title: Coccygodynia review: coccygectomy case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coccygodynia is a pain of the coccyx that is typically exaggerated by pressure. Management includes anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy, and coccyx manipulation. Coccygectomy is the surgical approach for treating coccygodynia when the conservative management fails. Generally, coccygectomy yields good results. Its most common complication is wound infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of coccygectomy in patients with coccygodynia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 70 patients (52 females and 18 males) with coccygodynia at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh was carried out, and the outcomes were studied. Twenty patients did not respond to conservative management; therefore, bimanual coccyx manipulation was done. Eleven were identified with instability and did not respond to coccygeal manipulation. Coccygectomy was performed on 8 patients while 3 declined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients who underwent coccygectomy showed improvement of their symptoms. One case of superficial wound infection and delayed wound healing was encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coccygectomy provides effective pain relief to patients not responding to conservative therapies.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Waleed Mohammad
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Awwad
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saadeddin
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Jbreel.22@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jbreel Nasser
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Alsager
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahad Mohammad
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: AlRashed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003050:Coccyx / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Coccygectomy; Coccygodynia; Coccyx pain; Conservative treatment; Manipulation