title: Immune modulation properties of herbal plant leaves: Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on immune cells of tuberculosis patient - in vitro study.
abstract: Disease progression in Tuberculosis (TB) is dependent on host's immune system. Phyllanthus niruri, a traditional herb, has long been used to boost immune system in Indonesian society. This study aimed to observe the potential role of P. niruri in inducing immune cells activity in TB patients by in vitro approach. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages were collected from active pulmonary TB patients. After stimulation with graded doses of P. niruri aqueous extract, cell proliferation, phagocytic activity and nitric oxide (NO) release were analysed. P. niruri aqueous extract induced proliferation of PBMCs, increased NO release, and improved macrophages phagocytic activity. These effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner. This may lead to further research for the potential role of P. niruri as immunomodulatory adjuvant therapy for TB patients.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical and Health Science , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Denise Utami
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Putri
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rintiswati
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Marsetyawan Hne
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Soesatyo
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sofia Mubarika
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haryana
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007214:Indonesia; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D029803:Phyllanthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000975:Antioxidants; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Phyllanthus niruri; Tuberculosis; herbal plant; immune modulation; phagocytic activity