title: Planning for retirement from medicine: a mixed-methods study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests there are important personal and social consequences associated with inadequate retirement planning for physicians. We evaluated whether academic physicians felt satisfied with their retirement planning, and identified obstacles to retirement planning and a set of factors to facilitate retirement planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied a sequential mixed-methods research design to explore and examine factors that facilitate academic physician retirement planning using data collected from multiple sources (including 7 focus groups, an internet-based survey and 23 in-depth interviews). We examined survey results regarding retirement planning satisfaction and preferences for complete versus gradual retirement. We used thematic analysis to examine verbatim transcripts and notes from the focus groups and interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survey data (response rate 51%) indicated that 10% of respondents were very satisfied with their retirement planning and 89.5% would prefer to retire gradually rather than stop work completely. Key barriers to retirement planning that emerged included poor personal financial management, rigid institutional structures and professional norms. Facilitators included financial planning resources for physicians at multiple career stages, opportunities and resources for later-career transitions and later-career mentorship support for intergenerational collaboration, and recognition of retirees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key findings highlight perceived barriers to retirement planning at various career stages in addition to factors that can enhance physicians' retirement planning, including creating gradual and flexible retirement options, supporting ongoing discussions about financial planning and later career transitions, and fostering a culture that continues to honour and involve retirees. Medical institutions could foster innovative models for later-career transitions from medicine in ways that address physicians' needs at various career stages, support gradual transitions from practice and recognize the value of experienced, capable later-career physicians and retirees.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Pannor Silver, Easty); Department of Health Studies/Anthropology (Pannor Silver), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pannor Silver
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Pannor Silver, Easty); Department of Health Studies/Anthropology (Pannor Silver), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Easty