title: Association among prematurity (<30 weeks' gestational age), blood pressure, urinary albumin, calcium, and phosphate in early childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of data on blood pressures (BP), urinary albumin, and mineral excretion in early childhood in contemporary cohorts of extremely low gestational age (GA) neonates. Our aim was to compare BPs and the urinary excretion of albumin, calcium, and phosphate in preterm and term-born cohorts in early childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study conducted at a single center, involving children <5 years age, born preterm (GA <30 weeks) or at term (≥37 weeks' GA). Urinary albumin (mg/L), calcium and phosphate levels indexed to creatinine (mg/dL), and BP were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (IQR) follow-up age of our cohort (n = 106) was 30 (16-48) months. Preterm-born children (n = 55) had a significantly lower mean GA and birth weight and higher mean systolic, diastolic, and mean BPs, compared with term (n = 51) controls. A significantly higher proportion of preterm-born children weighed <10th centile and had systolic BP >95th centile at follow-up. Albumin and calcium excretion did not differ between the groups; median urine-phosphate creatinine ratios were higher in the preterm group. On logistic regression, lower GA and younger age at follow-up were significantly associated with an increased risk of systolic and diastolic BP above the 95th centile; male gender was associated with decreased risk of diastolic hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in early childhood, children born preterm had significantly elevated BP, compared with their term-born counterparts. Closer monitoring of BPs in this population may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.|St. John Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vashishta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Surapaneni
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. gnatara@med.wayne.edu.|Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. gnatara@med.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Girija
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065667:Renal Elimination; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D010710:Phosphates; D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calciuria; Children; Extreme prematurity; Hypertension; Microalbuminuria