title: New Insights into the Neural Differentiation Potential of Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
abstract: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be obtained from different adipose tissue sources within the body. It is an abundant cell pool, easily accessible, suitable for cultivation and expansion in vitro and preparation for therapeutic approaches. Amongst these therapeutic approaches are tissue engineering and nervous system disorders such as spinal cord injuries. For such treatment, ASCs have to be reliably differentiated in to the neuronal direction. Therefore, we investigated the neural differentiation potential of ASCs using protocols with neurogenic inductors such as valproic acid and forskolin, while dog brain tissue served as control. Morphological changes could already be noticed 1 h after neuronal induction. Gene expression analysis revealed that the neuronal markers nestin and βIII-tubulin as well as MAP2 were expressed after induction of neuronal differentiation. Additionally, the expression of the neurotrophic factors NGF, BDNF and GDNF was determined. Some of the neuronal markers and neurotrophic factors were already expressed in undifferentiated cells. Our findings point out that ASCs can reliably be differentiated into the neuronal lineage; therefore, these cells are a suitable cell source for cell transplantation in disorders of the central nervous system. Follow-up studies would show the clinical benefit of these cells after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blecker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany.|Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Elashry
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wenisch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnhold
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D064231:Nestin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000628:therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000628:therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D014404:Tubulin / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D014404:Tubulin; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor