title: Exercise in vivo marks human myotubes in vitro: Training-induced increase in lipid metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity has preventive as well as therapeutic benefits for overweight subjects. In this study we aimed to examine effects of in vivo exercise on in vitro metabolic adaptations by studying energy metabolism in cultured myotubes isolated from biopsies taken before and after 12 weeks of extensive endurance and strength training, from healthy sedentary normal weight and overweight men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy sedentary men, aged 40-62 years, with normal weight (body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. Fatty acid and glucose metabolism were studied in myotubes using [14C]oleic acid and [14C]glucose, respectively. Gene and protein expressions, as well as DNA methylation were measured for selected genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 12-week training intervention improved endurance, strength and insulin sensitivity in vivo, and reduced the participants' body weight. Biopsy-derived cultured human myotubes after exercise showed increased total cellular oleic acid uptake (30%), oxidation (46%) and lipid accumulation (34%), as well as increased fractional glucose oxidation (14%) compared to cultures established prior to exercise. Most of these exercise-induced increases were significant in the overweight group, whereas the normal weight group showed no change in oleic acid or glucose metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  12 weeks of combined endurance and strength training promoted increased lipid and glucose metabolism in biopsy-derived cultured human myotubes, showing that training in vivo are able to induce changes in human myotubes that are discernible in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Arild C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rustan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Nils G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Løvsletten
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mudry
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Torgrim M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Langleite
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Yuan Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stensrud
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Mari G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Brubak
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo, University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kåre I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Birkeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristoffer J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kolnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Egil I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Stadheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo, University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hanne L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gulseth
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krook
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Eili T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: G Hege
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Thoresen
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D055070:Resistance Training; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D005947:Glucose