title: Clinical Profile and Management of Poisoning with Suicide Tree: An Observational Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical features, management, and the associations of dosage in poisoning with the cardiotoxic plantCerbera odollam(suicide tree), responsible for more than half of plant poisoning deaths in the South Indian State of Kerala alone, have not been evaluated. There are only few studies on its clinical features and none on the usage of cardiac pacing in its management, given its rarity in the Western world. We depend on data for similar toxins to form our management protocols.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to describe the clinical features ofC. odollampoisoning, dosage, and its relations to clinical features and pacemaker initiation therapy and to study the characteristics of temporary pacemaker therapy in its management.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in fifty consecutive cases who presented with a history ofC. odollampoisoning from whom clinical data were obtained. Cases initiated on temporary cardiac pacemaker therapy due to the toxin effects were also studied. Effect of dosage on various clinical manifestations and pacing was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were due to suicidal ingestion. Vomiting (54%), thrombocytopenia (50%), and sinus bradycardia (32%) were the most common features. The need for cardiac pacing had a significant association with dosage in kernels ingested (P< 0.05) and with thrombocytopenia (P< 0.05). There was no association between hyperkalemia and death. Thirty-six percent of cases had to be paced, of which 16% died. In-hospital mortality of odollam poisoning was 12%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. odollampoisoning cases merit monitoring and treatment in Intensive Care Unit with facilities for electrocardiographic monitoring and temporary cardiac pacing. The clinical features and the factors associated with mortality are different from other cardiac glycosides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: M Suraj
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Prasantha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Jayachandran
keywords: Cardiac glycoside toxicity; Cerbera odollam; suicide tree