title: Prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients in northern China.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and to explore related factors of depressive symptoms in hemodialysis (HD) patients in northern China.
  
  
  
  We used a cross-sectional research design to recruit 227 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were undergoing HD treatment in northern China during December, 2012 to March, 2013. The Chinese edition of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Information on quality of life (QOL), activities of daily living (ADL), social support status, coping style, self-efficacy, ego resiliency and demographic characteristics was all collected by face to face interview. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore related factors of depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms among HD patients was 29.1%. Patients with a lower mood have worse ADL and QOL than patients with better mood. Patients with a lower mood have got less social support than patients with better mood, including both family support and outside family support. For coping style, patients with a lower mood were more inclined to choose "acceptance-resignation" coping style than patients with better mood, while the result is opposite in "avoidance" coping style. And patients with a better mood have better self-efficacy and ego resiliency than patients with lower mood. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that ADL (OR = 1.124, p = 0.002), family support (OR = 0.867, p = 0.021), "acceptance-resignation" coping style (OR = 1.228, p = 0.022), and ego resiliency (OR = 0.944, p = 0.021) were associated with low mood independently.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in CKD patients on HD in northern China. activities of daily living, family support, "acceptance-resignation" coping style and ego resiliency were independently associated with depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110013.
authors.forename: Xiaoshi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau, No.24, Zhongyang Ave., Xinfu Dist. Fushun, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 113008.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001.
authors.forename: Xinwang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001.
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 110001. wanglining5623@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lining
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Activities of daily living; Coping style; Depressive symptoms; Ego resiliency; Hemodialysis patients; Social support