title: Bioresorbable Scaffolds versus Metallic Stents in Routine PCI.
abstract: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds were developed to overcome the shortcomings of drug-eluting stents in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We performed an investigator-initiated, randomized trial to compare an everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffold with an everolimus-eluting metallic stent in the context of routine clinical practice.
  
  
  
  We randomly assigned 1845 patients undergoing PCI to receive either a bioresorbable vascular scaffold (924 patients) or a metallic stent (921 patients). The primary end point was target-vessel failure (a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization). The data and safety monitoring board recommended early reporting of the study results because of safety concerns. This report provides descriptive information on end-point events.
  
  
  
  The median follow-up was 707 days. Target-vessel failure occurred in 105 patients in the scaffold group and in 94 patients in the stent group (2-year cumulative event rates, 11.7% and 10.7%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.48; P=0.43); event rates were based on Kaplan-Meier estimates in time-to-event analyses. Cardiac death occurred in 18 patients in the scaffold group and in 23 patients in the stent group (2-year cumulative event rates, 2.0% and 2.7%, respectively), target-vessel myocardial infarction occurred in 48 patients in the scaffold group and in 30 patients in the stent group (2-year cumulative event rates, 5.5% and 3.2%), and target-vessel revascularization occurred in 76 patients in the scaffold group and in 65 patients in the stent group (2-year cumulative event rates, 8.7% and 7.5%). Definite or probable device thrombosis occurred in 31 patients in the scaffold group as compared with 8 patients in the stent group (2-year cumulative event rates, 3.5% vs. 0.9%; hazard ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.78 to 8.42; P<0.001).
  
  
  
  In this preliminary report of a trial involving patients undergoing PCI, there was no significant difference in the rate of target-vessel failure between the patients who received a bioresorbable scaffold and the patients who received a metallic stent. The bioresorbable scaffold was associated with a higher incidence of device thrombosis than the metallic stent through 2 years of follow-up. (Funded by Abbott Vascular; AIDA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01858077 .).
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joanna J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wykrzykowska
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robin P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kraak
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjoerd H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hofma
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rene J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van der Schaaf
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E Karin
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Arkenbout
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: IJsselmuiden
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivo M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: van Dongen
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruben Y G
authors.initials: RYG
authors.lastname: Tijssen
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karel T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baan
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Marije
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vis
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robbert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Winter
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Piek
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan G P
authors.initials: JGP
authors.lastname: Tijssen
authors.affiliation: From the AMC Heartcenter, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam (J.J.W., R.P.K., J.E., I.M.D., R.Y.G.T., K.T.K., J.B., M.M.V., R.J.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (R.J.S.), Amsterdam, the Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden (S.H.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum (E.K.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht (A.J.IJ.) - all in the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jose P S
authors.initials: JPS
authors.lastname: Henriques
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D000068338:Everolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D000069322:Self Expandable Metallic Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000068338:Everolimus