title: From Toques to Tokes: Two challenges facing nationwide legalization of cannabis in Canada.
abstract: In 2015, a new Liberal Government came to power in Canada, elected on a platform that included legalization and regulation of cannabis for recreational purposes. Their legislation, based on recommendations from a Federal Task Force on Marijuana Legalization and Regulation, is due in early April 2017.
  
  
  
  This commentary utilizes Canadian Federal policy papers, previous literature, and internal and international agreements to examine two key areas critical to the development of a nationwide regulated market for cannabis in Canada; the need to overcome restrictions to legalizing cannabis in United Nations' drug control treaties, and the unique challenges that non-medical cannabis creates for navigating interprovincial trade policies in Canada.
  
  
  
  Irrespective of UN conventions that appear to prohibit legalization of cannabis the Government is preparing to bring forward legislation as this article goes to print. At the same time significant squabbles impede the selling of even beer and wine inter-provincially in Canada. This paper identifies the challenges facing Canadian legalization efforts, but also shows how the legalization legislation may provide opportunities to engender significant change beyond the simple legalization of a specific drug.
  
  
  
  This commentary does not argue for any specific course of action for Canada, but rather explores the nuance of legalization absent from the declaration in the Liberal party platform. The paper argues that Canada's efforts may hasten the dismantling of the UN drug control structure, and provide renewed opportunities for intern-provincial trade in Canada.
authors.affiliation: Humber College, School of Social and Community Services, 3199 Lakeshore Blvd West, Toronto, Ontario M8V 1K8, Canada. Electronic address: Daniel.Bear@Humber.ca.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bear
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002188:Cannabis; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D011640:Public Policy
keywords: Canada; Cannabis; Drug policy; Interprovincial trade; United Nations Drug Conventions