title: Disorder of Executive Function of the Brain after Head Injury and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury - Neuroimaging and Diagnostic Criteria for Implementation of Administrative Support in Japan.
abstract: The diagnotic criteria for disorder of the executive function of the brain (DEFB) as a syndrome of sequela were administratively established (ad-DEFB) in Japan in 2006 to support disabled patients whose impairment, limited to cognition (memory, attention, execution, and behavior), emerges after organic brain injuries regardless of physical deficits. However, some patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been excluded from receiving medico-social services. In particular, this tendency is more prominent in patients with mild TBI because no lesions are apparent on conventional computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the chronic phase. Recent development of new MRI neuroimaging modalities and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging makes it possible to detect regions of minute organic lesions and metabolic dysfunction in the brain where organic lesions may be absent or cannot be detected on conventional CT or MRI. In this review, we discuss diagnostic criteria for mild TBI and ad-DEFB, the relationship between the two disorders, characteristic neuroimaging [(MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)] of diffuse brain injury including cerebral concussion, which is the principal cause of mild TBI, and suggested pathological mechanisms of ad-DEFB in DBI.
authors.affiliation: Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction, Kizawa Memorial Hospital.|Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.affiliation: Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction, Kizawa Memorial Hospital.|Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D056344:Executive Function; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: DBI; FDG-PET; MRI; executive function of the brain; mild TBI