title: Evaluation of a Training Program to Reduce Stressful Trunk Postures in the Nursing Professions: A Pilot Study.
abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate metrologically the effectiveness of a training program on the reduction of stressful trunk postures in geriatric nursing professions.
  
  
  
  A training program, consisting of instruction on body postures in nursing, practical ergonomic work methods at the bedside or in the bathroom, reorganization of work equipment, and physical exercises, was conducted in 12 wards of 6 nursing homes in Germany. The Computer-Assisted Recording and Long-Term Analysis of Musculoskeletal Loads (CUELA) measurement system was used to evaluate all movements and trunk postures adopted during work before and 6 months after the training program. In total, 23 shifts were measured. All measurements were supported by video recordings. A specific software program (WIDAAN 2.75) was used to synchronize the measurement data and video footage.
  
  
  
  The median proportion of time spent in sagittal inclinations at an angle of >20° was significantly reduced (by 29%) 6 months after the intervention [from 35.4% interquartile range (27.6-43.1) to 25.3% (20.7-34.1); P < 0.001]. Very pronounced inclinations exceeding 60° [2.5% (1.1-4.6) to 1.0% (0.8-1.7); P = 0.002] and static inclinations of over 20° for >4 s [4.4% (3.0-6.7) to 3.6% (2.5-4.5); P < 0.001] were significantly reduced, by 60% and 22%, respectively. Video analysis showed that in 49% of care situations, ergonomic measures were implemented properly, either at the bedside or in the bathroom.
  
  
  
  Stressful trunk postures could be significantly reduced by raising awareness of the physical strains that frequently occur during a shift, by changes in work practices and by redesigning the work environment. Workplace interventions aimed at preventing or reducing low back pain in nursing personnel would probably benefit from sensitizing employees to their postures during work.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, [Center of Excellence for Epidemiology] and Health Services Research for Healthcare Professionals (CVcare), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Agnessa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.affiliation: Department for the Principle of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, Pappelallee 33/35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, [Center of Excellence for Epidemiology] and Health Services Research for Healthcare Professionals (CVcare), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.|Department for the Principle of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, Pappelallee 33/35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nienhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005851:Geriatric Nursing; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting; D017116:Low Back Pain; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011187:Posture; D013663:Teaching / Q000193:education*; D017132:Workplace / Q000592:standards
keywords: bending; ergonomics; geriatric nurses; metrological evaluation; musculoskeletal disorders; stressful trunk posture; training program