title: Vectorized nanodelivery systems for ischemic stroke: a concept and a need.
abstract: Neurological diseases of diverse aetiologies have significant effects on the quality of life of patients. The limited self-repairing capacity of the brain is considered to be the origin of the irreversible and progressive nature of many neurological diseases. Therefore, neuroprotection is an important goal shared by many clinical neurologists and neuroscientists. In this review, we discuss the main obstacles that have prevented the implementation of experimental neuroprotective strategies in humans and propose alternative avenues for the use of neuroprotection as a feasible therapeutic approach. Special attention is devoted to nanotechnology, which is a new approach for developing highly specific and localized biomedical solutions for the study of the multiple mechanisms involved in stroke. Nanotechnology is contributing to personalized neuroprotection by allowing us to identify mechanisms, determine optimal therapeutic windows, and protect patients from brain damage. In summary, multiple aspects of these new players in biomedicine should be considered in future in vivo and in vitro studies with the aim of improving their applicability to clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Da Silva-Candal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Argibay
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Rey
authors.affiliation: Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Zulema
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vieites-Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Arias
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Iria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López-Dequidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Piñeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. jose.rivas@usc.es.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. jose.castillo.sanchez@sergas.es.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D057285:Precision Medicine; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents
keywords: Human disease; Ischemic stroke; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Specific targeting