title: Bilateral hydrocele. Uncommon clinical presentation of primary testicular lymphoma in the elderly.
abstract: Primary testicular lymphoma (PLT) represents 5% of testis tumors, the incidence increases in patients older than 60 years of age. Bilateral hydrocele is an unusual clinical presentation. Relapse in the central nervous system and in the contralateral testis is often observed. The US shows hypoechoic nodular lesions with a complete structural involvement of didymus and hypervascularization at Color Doppler. Orchiectomy should be performed in all cases as it is indispensable for the histopathological diagnosis and to characterize the immunophenotypic features. The most common histotype is diffuse large-B cell lymphoma. Combined biological approach and chemotherapy with rituximab and doxorubicin has radically changed the prognosis of disease. The authors report two patients of 81 and 82 years-old who referred for evaluation of massive bilateral hydrocele causing severe limitation of deambulation. Negative cytological findings for neoplastic cells in the scrotal effusion made difficult the differential diagnosis between inflammatory and malignant disease. Histopathologic findings made a diagnosis of high grade diffuse large B-cell NHL, respectively stage IV-E and stage III-E. The 82 years old patient was treated with 6 chemotherapy cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone. The exitus was dued to the umbilical hernia complications. In the 81 years old patient, cognitive deficit and severe impairment of general conditions constituted an absolute contraindication to polychemotherapy treatment. Rapid tumor progression led the patient to exitus 2 months after diagnosis. In both patients the delayed diagnosis of PLT was probably due to the reduction of welfare protection in the elderly with adverse social conditions.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spaziani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Filippo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Radiologia, Ospedale 'A. Fiorini', Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francioni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ciaschi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaziani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e Biotecnologie, 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Cesare
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Ospedale 'P. Colombo', Velletri, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picchio
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone
keywords: Bilateral hydrocele; Elderly; Primitive testis lymphoma