title: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: potential use and safety considerations in HIV-1 infection.
abstract: Infection caused by HIV-1 is nowadays a chronic disease due to a highly efficient antiretroviral treatment that is nevertheless, unable to eliminate the virus from the organism. New strategies are necessary in order to impede the formation of the viral reservoirs, responsible for the failure of the antiretroviral treatment to cure the infection. Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to discuss the possibility of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. These inhibitors are successfully used in patients with distinct cancers such as chronic myeloid leukemia. The most relevant papers have been selected and commented. Expert opinion: The family of TKIs are directed against the activation of tyrosine kinases from the Src family. Some of these kinases are essential for the activation of CD4 + T cells, the major target of HIV-1. During acute or primary infection the CD4 + T cells are massively activated, which is mostly responsible for the generation of the reservoirs, the spread of the infection and the destruction of activated CD4 + T cells, infected or not. Consequently, we discuss the possibility of using TKIs as adjuvant of the antiretroviral treatment against HIV-1 infection mostly, but not exclusively, during the acute/recent phase.
authors.affiliation: a AIDS Immunopathology Unit , National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Mayte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coiras
authors.affiliation: b Infectious Diseases Service , AIDS Research Group, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ambrosioni
authors.affiliation: c Hematology Department , Hospital Clínic (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.affiliation: b Infectious Diseases Service , AIDS Research Group, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.affiliation: a AIDS Immunopathology Unit , National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcamí
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: HIV/AIDS; T-cell activation; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors; chronic myeloid leukemia; immunomodulation; viral reservoirs