title: Simultaneous determination of difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in watermelon under field conditions by GC-MS/MS.
abstract: An optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for the simultaneous determination of difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in watermelon and soil was developed and validated by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile (1% formic acid) and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with octadecylsilane sorbent. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.01 mg/kg, and the limit of detection was 0.003 mg/kg for all three analytes. The recoveries of the fungicides in watermelon, pulp and soil were 72.32-99.20% for difenoconazole, 74.68-87.72% for trifloxystrobin and 78.59-92.66% for trifloxystrobin acid with relative standard deviations of 1.34-14.04%. The dissipation dynamics of difenoconazole and trifloxystrobin in watermelon and soil followed the first-order kinetics with half-lives of 3.2-8.8 days in both locations. The final residue levels of difenoconazole and trifloxystrobin were below 0.1 mg/kg (maximum residue level [MRL] set by China) and 0.2 mg/kg (MRL set by European Union), respectively, in pulp samples collected 14 days after the last application. These results could help Chinese authorities to establish MRL of trifloxystrobin in watermelon and provide guidance for the safe and proper application of both fungicides on watermelon.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Haizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Yuling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-371X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Kankan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-9915
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis*; D029773:Citrullus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000032:analysis*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007097:Imines / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D004148:Dioxolanes; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007097:Imines; D008689:Methacrylates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014230:Triazoles; C115058:difenoconazole; C467051:trifloxystrobin
keywords: Difenoconazole; GC-MS/MS; Trifloxystrobin; Trifloxystrobin acid; watermelon