title: Factors Affecting Species Identifications of Blow Fly Pupae Based upon Chemical Profiles and Multivariate Statistics.
abstract: Alternative methods for the identification of species of blow fly pupae have been developed over the years that consist of the analyses of chemical profiles. However, the effect of biotic and abiotic factors that could influence the predictive manner for the tests have not been evaluated. The lipids of blowfly pupae (Cochliomyia macellaria,Lucilia cuprina,Lucilia sericata, andPhormia regina) were extracted in pentane, derivatized, and analyzed by total-vaporization solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TV-SPME GC-MS). Peak areas for 26 compounds were analyzed. Here we evaluated one biotic factor (colonization) on four species of blow flies to determine how well a model produced from lipid profiles of colonized flies predicted the species of flies of offspring of wild-caught flies and found very good species identification following 10 generations of inbreeding. When we evaluated four abiotic factors in our fly rearing protocols (temperature, humidity, pupation substrate, and diet), we found that the ability to assign the chemical profile to the correct species was greatly reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. wkranz@umail.iu.edu.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. clincarr@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Clinton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. darrdixo@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Darren A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. jvgoodpa@iupui.edu.|Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. jvgoodpa@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Goodpaster
authors.affiliation: Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. cpicard@iupui.edu.|Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. cpicard@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Christine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Picard
keywords: Cochliomyia macellaria; Lucilia cuprina; Lucilia sericata; Phormia regina; TV-SPME; blow fly pupae; forensic entomology; lipid analysis