title: Oscillatory reactivity to effortful cognitive processing in the subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum: a depth electrode EEG study.
abstract: This study investigates how complex motor-cognitive activities are processed in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidum (GPi), as adverse neuropsychiatric effects may accompany deep brain stimulation (DBS), mainly in Parkinson's disease (PD) and STN-DBS. Dystonia patients with GPi-DBS electrodes (n = 5) and PD subjects (n = 5) with STN-DBS electrodes performed two tasks: (1) copying letters; and (2) writing any letter other than that appearing on the monitor. The cognitive load of the second task was greater than that of the first. Intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) were analysed. A beta power decrease was the main correlate of the enhanced cognitive load during the second task in both structures, with a lateralization to the left side, mainly in the GPi. A gamma power increase linked with the increased cognitive activity was observed only in the STN. Differences were also observed in the theta and alpha bandpasses. Beta ERD reactivity seems to be essential during the processing of complex motor-cognitive tasks, increases with enhanced cognitive effort, and was observed in both the STN and GPi. Oscillatory reactivity to effortful cognitive processing in other frequency bands was less consistent, with differences between the studied nuclei. Lateralization of activity related to cognitive factors was observed mainly in the GPi.
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brain and Mind Research Programme, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Movement Disorders Centre, First Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Masaryk University, St. Anne's Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bočková
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brain and Mind Research Programme, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chládek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jurák
authors.affiliation: Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halámek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: Steven Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Rapcsak
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brain and Mind Research Programme, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Movement Disorders Centre, First Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Masaryk University, St. Anne's Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baláž
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brain and Mind Research Programme, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chrastina
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brain and Mind Research Programme, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. ivan.rektor@fnusa.cz.|Movement Disorders Centre, First Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Masaryk University, St. Anne's Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic. ivan.rektor@fnusa.cz.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rektor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004421:Dystonia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Complex cognitive functions; Deep brain stimulation; ERD/S; Internal globus pallidum; Lateralization; Subthalamic nucleus