title: Steel-Jawed Leghold Traps and Killing Neck Snares: Similar Injuries Command Change to Agreement on International Humane Trapping Standards.
abstract: According to the Agreement on International Humane Trapping Standards (AIHTS), which was signed by the European Community, Canada, and Russia in 1997, killing devices used for the capture of canids and other fur-bearing nonhuman animals should render an animal irreversibly unconscious within 300 s. However, killing neck snares are not included in the agreement. In this commentary, a parallel is drawn between injuries caused by steel-jawed leghold traps, which have been banned by the AIHTS signatory countries, and killing neck snares to demonstrate that these snares should also be included in international humane trapping standards (i.e., AIHTS). Previous scientific investigations have shown that neither manual nor power-killing neck snares can consistently render canids unconscious rapidly. Animals caught in killing neck snares suffer injuries that are similar to or worse than those reported for leg-captured canids. The authors strongly recommend that AIHTS be modified to include killing neck snares and that such devices be subject to the criteria applied to other trapping devices. Alternative restraining trapping devices, which are effective and more humane, are available for capturing wild canids.
authors.affiliation: a Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd., Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada, and University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Proulx
authors.affiliation: b Retired Problem Wildlife Specialist , Alberta Agriculture, Rocky Mountain House , Alberta , Canada.
authors.forename: Dwight
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodtka
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D046028:Canidae / Q000293:injuries*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013232:Steel; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D013232:Steel
keywords: Canids; animal welfare; humaneness; international trapping standards; killing neck snares