title: Multimeric System of RGD-Grafted PMMA-Nanoparticles as a Targeted Drug- Delivery System for Paclitaxel.
abstract: Polymer-based nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems offer new therapeutic opportunities. Among them, ligand-mediated targeting, which increases selectivity and efficacy, allows controllable drug delivery. The aim of the this research was to prepare and characterize poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles grafted with the -Arginine, Glycine, Aspartic Acid (RGD)- peptide sequence as a promising smart drug delivery system for Paclitaxel (PTX), directed at the sites of integrin receptor overexpression.
  
  
  
  Nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  
  RGD-PMMA-PTX size distribution was 17.58 ± 7.45 nm with a zeta potential of -38.73 ± 5.62 mV. According to the boxLucas Model, PTX was incorporated into nanoparticles with an entrapment efficiency of 100% (evaluated by HPLC analysis). In vitro sustained release was determined, with the maximum release of 55% and 40% after 21 days at pH 5.3 and 7.4, respectively. The highest inhibition on cell proliferation was found with RGD-PMMA-PTX nanoparticles (90 %).
  
  
  
  The obtained results showed that RGD-PMMA-PTX represents an attractive and suitable therapeutic approach for targeting overexpressed integrins in the cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico, 52750. Mexico.
authors.forename: Brenda Vianey
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Gibbens-Bandala
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N., La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico. Mexico.
authors.forename: Blanca Eli
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ocampo-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico, 52750. Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferro-Flores
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Estado de Mexico 50180 Toluca. Mexico.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morales-Avila
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Estado de Mexico 50180 Toluca. Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ancira-Cortez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Estado de Mexico 50180 Toluca. Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jaimes-Aguirre
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D009842:Oligopeptides; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: PMMA nanoparticles; drug delivery systems; entrapment efficiency; pH-responsive nanoparticles; targeted multimeric-RGD; transmission electron microscopy