title: Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus.
abstract: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for significant losses to the cattle industry. Currently, modified-live viral (MLV) and inactivated viral vaccines are available against BVDV, often in combination with other viral and bacterial antigens. Inactivated and MLV vaccines provide cattle producers and veterinarians safe and efficacious options for herd immunization to limit disease associated with BVDV infection. Vaccination of young cattle against BVDV is motivated by prevention of clinical disease and limiting viral spread to susceptible animals. For reproductive-age cattle, vaccination to prevent viremia and birth of persistently infected offspring is considered more important, while also more difficult to achieve than prevention of clinical disease. Recent advances have been made in the understanding of BVDV vaccine efficacy. In terms of preventing clinical disease, current BVDV vaccines have been demonstrated to have a rapid onset of immunity and MLV vaccines can be effectively utilized in calves possessing maternal immunity. For reproductive protection, more recent studies using multivalent MLV vaccines have demonstrated consistent fetal protection rates in the range of 85-100% in experimental studies. Proper timing and administration of BVDV vaccines can be utilized to maximize vaccine efficacy to provide an important contribution to reducing risks associated with BVDV infection. With improvements in vaccine formulations and increased understanding of the protective immune response following vaccination, control of BVDV through vaccination can be enhanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1500 Wire Rd., Auburn, AL 36849-5540, USA. Electronic address: bwn0001@auburn.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Newcomer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, A-111 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802, USA. Electronic address: mchamorr@vet.k-state.edu.
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chamorro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, 129 Sugg Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36849-5516, USA. Electronic address: walzpau@auburn.edu.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Walz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D012098:Reproduction; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Cattle; Efficacy; Inactivated; Modified-live viral; Vaccination