title: Supplementation with omega-3 acids after myocardial infarction and modification of inflammatory markers in light of the patients' diet: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroendocrine activation, activation of proinflammatory cytokines and platelets, and endothelial dysfunction play a significant role in the development of heart failure (HF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the work was to assess the effect of supplementation with EPA and DHA in a daily dose of 1 g on selected inflammatory markers and platelet activation in patients with HF after recent myocardial infarction in light of their diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  This preliminary study was a randomised, double-blind trial involving 30 patients with post-infarction HF. One group received a product containing 1 g of omega-3 acids, while the other received placebo, i.e. corn oil 1 g daily for 12 weeks. At baseline and at week 12, venous blood was obtained in the fasted state in order to determine the following parameters: NT-proBNP, fibrinogen, INR, creatinine clearance, serum lipid profile, hsCRP, troponin, glucose, transaminases, GGTP, MCP-1, pentraxin 3, and CD-40. To evaluate the patient's diet and dietary intake of omega-3 acids, a 24-h dietary interview and the Block's Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation of omega-3 acids in a dose of 1 g per day had no effect on lipid or inflammatory parameters, with the exception of pentraxin 3. In both groups, after three months of supplementation, overall consumption of energy and saturated fatty acids was significantly higher (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential benefits associated with supplementation were nullified by a highly atherogenic diet. Apparently, supplementation of omega-3 acids without simultaneous dietary education and nutrition control does not bring the expected effect. Further research involving a larger group of patients is needed to better understand the relationship between patient's diet and the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Poland. magdalena.wujec@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makarewicz-Wujec
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parol
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parzonko
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozłowska-Wojciechowska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: cluster of differentiation 40 (CD-40); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); inflammatory markers; myocardial infarction; nutrition