title: Individual differences in conflict detection during reasoning.
abstract: Decades of reasoning and decision-making research have established that human judgment is often biased by intuitive heuristics. Recent "error" or bias detection studies have focused on reasoners' abilities to detect whether their heuristic answer conflicts with logical or probabilistic principles. A key open question is whether there are individual differences in this bias detection efficiency. Here we present three studies in which co-registration of different error detection measures (confidence, response time and confidence response time) allowed us to assess bias detection sensitivity at the individual participant level in a range of reasoning tasks. The results indicate that although most individuals show robust bias detection, as indexed by increased latencies and decreased confidence, there is a subgroup of reasoners who consistently fail to do so. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for the field.
authors.affiliation: 1 LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|2 LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, Caen Basse-Normandie University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-5959
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Basic Psychology and IR3C, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: 1 LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|2 LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, Caen Basse-Normandie University, Paris, France.|4 LaPsyDÉ, UMR 8240, CNRS, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Neys
mesh_terms: D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities
keywords: Reasoning; conflict detection; decision-making; dual-process theory; individual differences