title: The association of health and voluntary early retirement pension and the modifying effect of quality of supervision: Results from a Danish register-based follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this article are to (1) determine whether and to what extent general perceived health and quality of supervision predict voluntary early retirement pension (VERP) and (2) assess whether quality of supervision modifies the association between general perceived health and VERP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employees aged 49-64 years who participated in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 2000 were selected. Their questionnaire data about health and work were linked to register data on social transfer payments, among others VERP, from 2001 to 2012 in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization ( N=1167). Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to identify the prospective association of general perceived health and quality of supervision on VERP. Relative excess risks due to interaction (RERIs) were calculated to assess whether quality of supervision modified the association between health and VERP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Employees with poor health at baseline had an increased risk of VERP during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR]=1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.49). Quality of supervision at baseline was not associated to VERP during follow-up (HR=1.04; 95% CI 0.90-1.21). There was no statistically significant interaction of poor health and poor quality of supervision with regard to risk of VERP (RERI=-0.33; 95% CI -1.79 to 1.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not support the notion that quality of supervision buffers the association between poor health and VERP. Future research is needed to determine whether other aspects of supervision, for example supervisors' opportunities to effectuate workplace adjustments, may modify the association of poor health and VERP.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|2 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.|3 Body@Work, Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid de
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wind
authors.affiliation: 4 Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.affiliation: 4 Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pohrt
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hasselhorn
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|3 Body@Work, Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Allard Johan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Van der Beek
authors.affiliation: 6 National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.|7 Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.|8 Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
mesh_terms: D003718:Denmark; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009934:Organization and Administration / Q000592:standards*; D010415:Pensions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Ageing; early retirement; employability; employees; employment; health; longitudinal study; older workers; quality of leadership