title: Clinical manifestations of the anti-IgLON5 disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the presentation, main syndromes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in the anti-IgLON5 disease: a disorder with parasomnias, sleep apnea, and IgLON5 antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective clinical analysis of 22 patients. The IgG subclass was determined using reported techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' median age was 64 years (range 46-83). Symptoms that led to initial consultation included sleep problems (8 patients; 36%), gait abnormalities (8; 36%), bulbar dysfunction (3; 14%), chorea (2; 9%), and cognitive decline (1; 5%). By the time of diagnosis of the disorder, 4 syndromes were identified: (1) a sleep disorder with parasomnia and sleep breathing difficulty in 8 (36%) patients; (2) a bulbar syndrome including dysphagia, sialorrhea, stridor, or acute respiratory insufficiency in 6 (27%); (3) a syndrome resembling progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP-like) in 5 (23%); and (4) cognitive decline with or without chorea in 3 (14%). All patients eventually developed parasomnia, sleep apnea, insomnia, or excessive daytime sleepiness. HLA-DRB1*10:01 and HLA-DQB1*05:01 were positive in 13/15 (87%) patients; the DRB1*10:01 allele was 36 times more prevalent than in the general population. Among 16 patients with paired serum and CSF samples, 14 had IgLON5 antibodies in both, and 2 only in serum (both had a PSP-like syndrome). Twenty of 21 patients had IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies; the latter predominated in 16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with IgLON5 antibodies develop a characteristic sleep disorder preceded or accompanied by bulbar symptoms, gait abnormalities, oculomotor problems, and, less frequently, cognitive decline. IgG4 subclass antibodies predominate over IgG1; we confirm a strong association with the HLA-DRB1*10:01 allele.
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaig
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain. fgraus@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graus
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Yarko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Compta
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Högl
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bataller
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brüggemann
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giordana
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidbreder
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotschet
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewerenz
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macher
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montojo
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Puertas
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Caspar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mateus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simabukuro
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Téllez
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Wandinger
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iranzo
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ercilla
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santamaría
authors.affiliation: From the Neuroimmunology Program (C. Gaig, F.G., A.I., L.S., J.S., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Department of Neurology (C. Gaig, F.G., Y.C., M.J.M., A.I., J.S.), Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit (C. Gaig, A.I., J.S.), Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit (Y.C., M.J.M.), and Department of Immunology (G.E.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (L.B., L.S., J.D.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics (N.P., K.-P.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Movement Disorders and Neurology (C. Giordana), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, France; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Clinical Neurosciences (K.K.), St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.L.), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (J.P.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (I.P.), Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Neurology Division (M.S.), Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University, Brazil; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dalmau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000276:immunology*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C000591569:IgLON5 protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C029702:prolactin-binding protein