title: Genes Involved in the Enamel Development Are Associated with Calcium and Phosphorus Level in Saliva.
abstract: Saliva components play a crucial role in the integrity of the dental enamel and in caries susceptibility. The saliva characteristics are controlled by many factors, including genetic factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the genetic variations in genes expressed in enamel development with calcium and phosphorus levels in saliva. We collected 276 unrelated 12-year-old children from private and public schools. Saliva was collected for DNA extraction from oral cells and for measurement of calcium and phosphorus. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry determined calcium and phosphorus levels in whole saliva. Fifteen genetic variations in 9 genes were analyzed. The genotype was determined by real-time polymerase chain reactions. Data were analyzed using Plink with an alpha of 5%. Genetic variations in AMELX, AMNB and ESRRB were associated with the calcium level in saliva (p < 0.05). A borderline association was observed in ENAM allele distribution shown with phosphate level in saliva (p = 0.049). In conclusion, our results are the first to report that genetic variations contribute to calcium and phosphorus levels in saliva.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, Faculty of Pharmacy of Ribeirao Preto, USP - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Calvano
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Küchler
authors.forename: Giovana Daniela
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pecharki
authors.forename: Myrella Lescio
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Junia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: João Armando
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brancher
authors.forename: Alexandre Rezende
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Raquel Fernanda
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: Paula Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Trevilatto
mesh_terms: D000566:Amelogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D053523:Amelogenin / Q000235:genetics*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: C490889:AMBN protein, human; C507199:AMELX protein, human; D053523:Amelogenin; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C490918:ESRRB protein, human; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Enamel; Polymorphism; Saliva