title: Associations between dietary patterns, socio-demographic factors and anthropometric measurements in adult New Zealanders: an analysis of data from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between dietary patterns, socio-demographic factors and anthropometric measurements in adult New Zealanders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis in adults 15 years plus (n = 4657) using 24-h diet recall data from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey. Multivariate regression was used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and age, gender and ethnicity. After controlling for demographic factors, associations between dietary patterns and food insecurity, deprivation, education, and smoking were investigated. Associations between dietary patterns and body mass index and waist circumference were examined adjusting for demographic factors, smoking and energy intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two dietary patterns were identified. 'Healthy' was characterised by breakfast cereal, low fat milk, soy and rice milk, soup and stock, yoghurt, bananas, apples, other fruit and tea, and low intakes of pies and pastries, potato chips, white bread, takeaway foods, soft drinks, beer and wine. 'Traditional' was characterised by beef, starchy vegetables, green vegetables, carrots, tomatoes, savoury sauces, regular milk, cream, sugar, tea and coffee, and was low in takeaway foods. The 'healthy' pattern was positively associated with age, female gender, New Zealand European or other ethnicity, and a secondary school qualification, and inversely associated with smoking, food insecurity, area deprivation, BMI and waist circumference. The 'traditional' pattern was positively associated with age, male gender, smoking, food insecurity and inversely associated with a secondary school qualification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 'Healthy' dietary pattern was associated with higher socio-economic status and reduced adiposity, while the 'traditional' pattern was associated with lower socio-economic status.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand. k.l.beck@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.|Queensland University of Technology Science and Engineering Faculty, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McNaughton
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.|Statistical Consulting Unit, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Haslett
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stonehouse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dietary patterns; Factor analysis; Obesity; Socio-economic status