title: Cadmium in edible plants from Silesia, Poland, and its implications for health risk in populations.
abstract: The health risk associated with cadmium exposure through consumption of edible plants cultivated in different parts of the Silesia administration area inhabitants has been estimated. The impact of the arable soils acidity on the BCF (bioconcentration factor) has been also analyzed. The concentration of cadmium in arable soils and in 118 samples of vegetables - carrots, beets, potato, celery (tuber), parsley (root) were determined. The cadmium content in examined soil samples were in the range from >0.5-68.5mgkg-1d.w. The most contaminated samples, above the maximum permissible concentration, originated from the central part of the region. The highest BCF value in case of parsley roots and carrots has been shown (0.941 and 0.828 respectively). Significant correlation between soil pH and BCF in examined edible plants has been demonstrated. In the exposure scenario, which assumes the consumption of the most contaminated vegetables from Silesia administration area, the value of the hazard quotient (HQ) for Cd was 2.56. On the contaminated arable soils from the central part of Silesia administration area the non-edible plants should be cultivated. In case of acidic and slightly acidic pH-range of arable soils, some methods of metals immobilization in soil are recommended e.g. liming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: gdziubanek@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dziubanek
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: rbaranowska@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baranowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: mdrabek@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ćwieląg-Drabek
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: aspychala@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spychała
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: apiekut@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piekut
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: mrusin@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland. Electronic address: ihajok@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hajok
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000737:chemistry*; D011044:Poland; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Bioconcentration factor; Cadmium; Health risk assessment; Silesia administration area; Soil; Vegetables