title: Expression and associations of TRAF1, BMI-1, ALDH1, and Lin28B in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1, an adaptor protein of tumor necrosis factor 2, is involved in classical nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and lymphocyte recruitment. However, less is known about the expression and association of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 with cancer stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 and stem cell characteristic markers (lin28 homolog B, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and analyze their relations. Paraffin-embedded tissues of 78 oral squamous cell carcinomas, 39 normal oral mucosa, and 12 oral dysplasia tissues were employed in tissue microarrays, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and lin28 homolog B was measured by immunohistostaining and digital pathological analysis. The expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 was higher in the oral squamous cell carcinoma group as compared with the expression in the oral mucosa (p < 0.01) and oral dysplasia (p < 0.001) groups. In addition, the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 was associated with those of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and lin28 homolog B (p = 0.032, r2= 0.109; p < 0.0001, r2= 0.64; and p < 0.001, r2= 0.16) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The patient survival rate was lower in the highly expressed tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 group, although the difference was not significant. The clustering analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 was most related to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. These findings suggest that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 has potential direct/indirect regulations with the cancer stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which may help in further analysis of the cancer stem cell characteristics.
authors.affiliation: 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.|2 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tian-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Cun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Si-Rui
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.lastname: Bing-Liu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.|2 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D015415:Biomarkers; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis*; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C069077:BMI1 protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; C516326:LIN28B protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
keywords: Tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 1; cancer stem cell; head neck cancer; inflammation