title: Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica from swine slaughtered in two different types of Philippine abattoir.
abstract: Salmonella enterica is a well-known pathogen commonly acquired from the consumption of contaminated food. It has been estimated to affect millions of humans and cause hundreds of thousands of deaths per year globally. Pork, one of the most commonly consumed meats worldwide, has been identified as one of the main sources of human salmonellosis. In this study, we aimed to detect and characterize S. enterica from slaughtered swine and generate antimicrobial resistance profiles of select isolates. Tonsils and jejunum with mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected from a total of 240 swine from eight abattoirs (five accredited and three locally registered abattoirs) across Metro Manila. S. enterica were isolated using conventional culture methods and confirmed by PCR amplification of the invA gene. Isolates were further characterized based on somatic antigen by multiplex PCR. We report that there is no significant difference (P = 0.42) between the incidences of S. enterica in swine slaughtered in accredited (44.0%) and in locally registered abattoirs (46.7%). Most samples were contaminated with S. enterica under serogroup O:3,10. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 183 isolates using the VITEK®2 system revealed high resistance to ampicillin (67.8%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (80.3%). Multidrug-resistance was found in 124 (67.8%) isolates.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
authors.forename: Alyzza Marie B
authors.initials: AMB
authors.lastname: Calayag
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
authors.forename: Phyllis Anne P
authors.initials: PAP
authors.lastname: Paclibare
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
authors.forename: Pauline Dianne M
authors.initials: PDM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
authors.forename: Corinne Aimee C
authors.initials: CAC
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines. Electronic address: wlrivera@science.upd.edu.ph.
authors.forename: Windell L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007583:Jejunum / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000382:microbiology; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065288:Serogroup; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D009582:Nitrofurantoin
keywords: Abattoir; Antimicrobial resistance; Salmonella enterica; Swine