title: Mosaic trisomy 16: what are the obstetric and long-term childhood outcomes?
abstract: To evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcomes as well as long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life among prenatally detected cases of mosaic trisomy (MT16) and confined placental mosaicism (CPM) for trisomy 16.
  
  
  
  We recruited participants for this cross-sectional study through an international registry of families with children diagnosed with MT16 or CPM. Parents were interviewed about expectations based on prenatal counseling as well as about actual perinatal outcomes, congenital anomalies, medical conditions, and school progress. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed via the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales.
  
  
  
  Forty-four families were enrolled, and 68.2% of the children were female. Common complications were gestational hypertension (gHTN) or preeclampsia (38.1%), preterm delivery (PTD; 71.4%), cesarean delivery (CD; 73.8%), birth weight <10th percentile (73.8%), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (88.1%), and congenital anomalies (59.5%). However, 81.8% of school-aged children were entirely in mainstream classes, and median physical, psychosocial, and total HRQOL scores were high: 90.6 (34.4-100), 86.7 (35-100), and 84.8 (34.8-100), respectively (100 = optimal quality of life).
  
  
  
  Several obstetric and neonatal complications are common with pregnancies affected by MT16 or CPM. However, the majority of children demonstrate normal neurodevelopmental outcomes and high HRQOL.Genet Med advance online publication 06 April 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Teresa N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2123-3474
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thao
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000150:complications; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009030:Mosaicism; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D011788:Quality of Life; D014314:Trisomy / Q000235:genetics*