title: Functional analysis of the GmESR1 gene associated with soybean regeneration.
abstract: Plant regeneration can occur via in vitro tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis or de novo shoot organogenesis. Transformation of soybean (Glycine max) is difficult, hence optimization of the transformation system for soybean regeneration is required. This study investigated ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1 (GmESR1), a soybean transcription factor that targets regeneration-associated genes. Sequence analysis showed that GmESR1 contained a conserved 57 amino acid APETALA 2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) DNA-binding domain. The relative expression level of GmESR1 was highest in young embryos, flowers and stems in the soybean cultivar 'Dongnong 50'. To examine the function of GmESR1, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and soybean plants overexpressing GmESR1 were generated. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of GmESR1 resulted in accelerated seed germination, and seedling shoot and root elongation. In soybean overexpression of GmESR1 also led to faster seed germination, and shoot and root elongation. GmESR1 specifically bound to the GCC-box. The results provide a foundation for the establishment of an efficient and stable transformation system for soybean.
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhaoming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lingshuang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University. Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: An-Yu
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D000072417:Protein Domains; D012038:Regeneration; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013025:Glycine max / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors