title: Association of VEGF and VDR gene- gene and gene- smoking interaction on risk of multiple myeloma in Chinese Han population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and additional gene- gene and gene- smoking interaction with multiple myeloma (MM) risk in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction combination among SNPs and smoking. Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between 6 SNPs within VEGF and VDR gene, additional gene- gene and gene- smoking interaction on MM risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MM risk is significantly higher in carriers with the rs699947- A allele within VEGF gene than those with CC genotype (CA+ AA versus CC), adjusted OR (95%CI) =1.72 (1.19-2.33), and higher in carriers with rs2228570- T allele within VDR gene than those with CC genotype (CT+ TT versus CC), adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.68 (1.26-2.17). We also found a significant two-locus model (p=0.0010) involving rs699947 and rs2228570, and a significant two-locus model (p=0.0107) involving rs2228570 andsmoking. Participants with rs699947- CA+AA and rs2228570- CT+TT genotype had the highest MM risk, compared to participants with rs699947- CC and rs2228570- CC genotype, OR (95%CI) = 3.12 (1.82 -4.61). Smokers with rs2228570- CT+TT genotype had the highest MM risk, compared to never- smokers with rs2228570- CC genotype, OR (95%CI) = 3.27 (1.74-4.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the A allele of rs699947 within VEGF and T allele of rs2228570 within VDR gene, interaction between rs699947 and rs2228570, rs2228570 andsmoking were all associated with increased MM risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Affiliated Bayi Children's Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.|National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Lan
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue-Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ren
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: interaction; multiple myeloma; smoking; vascular endothelial growth factor; vitamin D receptor