title: Taxonomy for Education and Training in Clinical Neuropsychology: past, present, and future.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Historically, the clinical neuropsychology training community has not clearly or consistently defined education or training opportunities. The lack of consistency has limited students' and trainees' ability to accurately assess and compare the intensity of neuropsychology-specific training provided by programs. To address these issues and produce greater 'truth in advertising' across programs, CNS, with SCN's Education Advisory Committee (EAC), ADECN, AITCN, and APPCN constructed a specialty-specific taxonomy, namely, the Taxonomy for Education and Training in Clinical Neuropsychology. The taxonomy provides consensus in the description of training offered by doctoral, internship, and postdoctoral programs, as well as at the post-licensure stage. Although the CNS approved the taxonomy in February 2015, many programs have not adopted its language. Increased awareness of the taxonomy and the reasons behind its development and structure, as well as its potential benefits, are warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2016, a working group of clinical neuropsychologists from the EAC and APPCN, all authors of this manuscript, was created and tasked with disseminating information about the taxonomy. Group members held regular conference calls, leading to the generation of this manuscript.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This manuscript is the primary byproduct of the working group. Its purpose is to (1) outline the history behind the development of the taxonomy, (2) detail its structure and utility, (3) address the expected impact of its adoption, and (4) call for its adoption across training programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This manuscript outlines the development and structure of the clinical neuropsychology taxonomy and addresses the need for its adoption across training programs.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry and Psychology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Nikki H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-1252
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.affiliation: d Department of Neurology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Heffelfinger
authors.affiliation: e University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gess
authors.affiliation: f Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.affiliation: g Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Brad L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Roper
mesh_terms: D002965:Classification / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009484:Neuropsychology / Q000193:education*
keywords: Neuropsychology; education; guidelines; taxonomy; training