title: Estimation of Human Body Volume (BV) from Anthropometric Measurements Based on Three-Dimensional (3D) Scan Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to develop estimation formulae for the total human body volume (BV) of adult males using anthropometric measurements based on a three-dimensional (3D) scanning technique. Noninvasive and reliable methods to predict the total BV from anthropometric measurements based on a 3D scan technique were addressed in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  A regression analysis of BV based on four key measurements was conducted for approximately 160 adult male subjects. Eight total models of human BV show that the predicted results fitted by the regression models were highly correlated with the actual BV (p < 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two metrics, the mean value of the absolute difference between the actual and predicted BV (Verror) and the mean value of the ratio between Verrorand actual BV (RVerror), were calculated. The linear model based on human weight was recommended as the most optimal due to its simplicity and high efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed estimation formulae are valuable for estimating total body volume in circumstances in which traditional underwater weighing or air displacement plethysmography is not applicable or accessible.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xingguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. niujw@ustb.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Linghua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Taijie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anthropometric measurement; Body volume (BV); Estimation model; Regression analysis; Three-dimensional (3D) scan