title: Tert-buthylhydroquinone pre-conditioning exerts dual effects in old female rats exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid.
abstract: The brain is a very susceptible organ to structural and functional alterations caused by oxidative stress and its vulnerability increases with age. Understanding the antioxidant response activated by the transcription factor Nrf2 has become very important in the aging field in order to activate cellular protection. However, the role of Nrf2 inducers during old age has not been completely understood. Our aim was to activate the Nrf2 pathway by pre-treating old rats with a widely used Nrf2-inducer, tert-buthylhydroquinone (tBHQ), prior to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) insult, in order to evaluate its effects at a behavioral, morphological and biochemical levels. 3-NP has been used to reproduce the biochemical and pathophysiological characteristics of Huntington's disease due to an oxidative effect. Our results suggest that tBHQ confers an important protective effect against 3-NP toxicity; nevertheless, Nrf2 seems not to be the main protective pathway associated to neuroprotection. Hormetic responses include the activation of more than one transcription factor. Nrf2 and NFκB are known to simultaneously initiate different cellular responses against stress by triggering parallel mechanisms, therefore NFκB nuclear accumulation was also evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico; Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autonomas Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva-Palacios
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Colín-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Stefanie P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: López-Cervantes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zazueta
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, SSA México, D.F. 14080, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna-López
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico.
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santamaría
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico. Electronic address: mkf@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Königsberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; C018855:2-tert-butylhydroquinone; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid
keywords: 3-Nitropropionic acid; Aging; Nrf2 signaling; Oxidative stress; Tert-Buthylhydroquinone