title: High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population.
abstract: As an essential nutrient, Selenium (Se) is involved in many metabolic activities including mimicking insulin function. Data on Se in various biological samples and insulin resistance are contradictory, moreover there is no large study available regarding the relationship of dietary Se intake with insulin resistance in the general population. To investigate the association between dietary Se intake and variation of insulin resistance in a large population based study, a total of 2420 subjects without diabetes from the CODING (Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics) study were assessed. Dietary Se intake was evaluated from the Willett Food Frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were used for the measurement of glucose and insulin. Insulin resistance was determined with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance showed that high HOMA-IR groups in both males and females had the lowest dietary Se intake (μg/kg/day) (p < 0.01), being 18% and 11% lower than low HOMA-IR groups respectively. Insulin resistance decreased with the increase of dietary Se intake in females but not in males after controlling for age, total calorie intake, physical activity level, serum calcium, serum magnesium, and body fat percentage (p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that dietary Se intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for the Se confounding factors in subjects whose dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day (r = -0.121 for males and -0.153 for females, p < 0.05). However, the negative correlation was no longer significant when dietary Se intake was above 1.6 μg/kg/day. Our findings suggest that higher dietary Se intake is beneficially correlated with lower insulin resistance when total dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day. Above this cutoff, this beneficial effect disappears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yongbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Meiju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Pardis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pedram
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Jianling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Chandurkar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gulliver
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012643:Selenium; D008274:Magnesium; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium