title: Targeting Malassezia species for Novel Synthetic and Natural Antidandruff Agents.
abstract: Malassezia spp. are lipophilic yeasts not only present in the normal skin microflora, but also responsible of skin-related diseases (pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic/atopic dermatitis and dandruff) as well as systemic fungal infections in humans and animals. Their treatment and eradication are mainly based on old azole drugs, which are characterized by poor compliance, unpredictable clinical efficacy, emerging resistance and several side effects. These drawbacks have prompted the research toward novel synthetic and natural derivatives/ nanomaterials targeting other pivotal enzymes/pathways such as carbonic anhydrase (MgCA) and lipases, alone or in combination, in order to improve the eradication rate of this fungus. This review accomplished an update on this important topic dealing with the latest discoveries of synthetic scaffolds and natural products for the treatment of Malassezia spp.-related diseases, thus suggesting new opportunities to design innovative and alternative anti-dandruff drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angiolella
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carradori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maccallini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giusiano
authors.affiliation: Neurofarba Dept., Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D063807:Dandruff / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008290:Malassezia / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008049:Lipase; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases
keywords: Azoles; Malassezia spp; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; dandruff; lipase inhibitors; natural inhibitors