title: Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among a sample of adult smokers in Baghdad, Iraq, 2014.
abstract: This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and identify determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among a convenience sample of 325 adult smokers in Baghdad, Iraq, 2014. Beside demographic variables, participants had Lung Function Questionnaire to assess respiratory symptoms; individuals with a score of ≤18 had a spirometry examination. Those with FEV1/FVC ratio <70% had post bronchodilator spirometry; those with FEV1/FVC% of <70% and <200 ml improvement of FEV1 were considered COPD cases. Staging of COPD is done according to the degree of FEV1 reduction. The prevalence of COPD was 15.1% (95% confidence interval 11.5-19.4%); 62.5% had moderate and 27.1% had severe COPD. Only 12.5% had a prior physician diagnosis. Age >55 (OR=2.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-4.39), and pack year smoking >40 (OR =5.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.70-16.91) were the significant independent determinants. All adult smokers should have a spirometry testing and counseled to stop smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Faris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Lami
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires