title: Effects of carbon sources, COD/NO2--N ratios and temperature on the nitrogen removal performance of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of carbon sources and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NO2--N ratios on the anammox-denitrification coupling process of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm. Also, the anammox activities of the SNAD biofilm were investigated under different temperature. Kaldnes rings taken from the SNAD biofilm reactor were operated in batch tests to determine the nitrogen removal rates. As a result, with the carbon source of sodium acetate, the appropriate COD/NO2--N ratios for the anammox-denitrification coupling process were 1 and 2. With the COD/NO2--N ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the corresponding NO2--N consumption via anammox was 87.1%, 52.2%, 29.3%, 23.7% and 16.3%, respectively. However, with the carbon source of sodium propionate and glucose, the anammox bacteria was found to perform higher nitrite competitive ability than denitrifiers at the COD/NO2--N ratio of 5. Also, the SNAD biofilm could perform anammox activity at 15 °C with the nitrogen removal rate of 0.071 kg total inorganic nitrogen per kg volatile suspended solids per day. These results indicated that the SNAD biofilm process might be feasible for the treatment of municipal wastewater at normal temperature.
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhaoming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yanzhuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Baihang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail: zhengzhaomingb@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jingyue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D058440:Denitrification; D058465:Nitrification; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater