title: Exploring single nucleotide polymorphisms previously related to obesity and metabolic traits in pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of 64 obesity-related polymorphisms with pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes and other glucose- and insulin-related traits in Mexican children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control and case-sibling designs were followed. We studied 99 patients with pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes, their siblings (n = 101) without diabetes, 83 unrelated pediatric controls and 137 adult controls. Genotypes were determined for 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and a possible association was examined between those genotypes and type 2 diabetes and other quantitative traits, after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the case-pediatric control and case-adult control analyses, five polymorphisms were associated with increased likelihood of pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes; only one of these polymorphisms (CADM2/rs1307880) also showed a consistent effect in the case-sibling analysis. The associations in the combined analysis were as follows: ADORA1/rs903361 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2; 3.0); CADM2/rs13078807 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2; 4.0); GNPDA2/rs10938397 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4; 3.7); VEGFA/rs6905288 (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1; 2.1) and FTO/rs9939609 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0; 3.2). We also identified 16 polymorphisms nominally associated with quantitative traits in participants without diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADORA/rs903361, CADM2/rs13078807, GNPDA2/rs10938397, VEGFA/rs6905288 and FTO/rs9939609 are associated with an increased risk of pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Medicine Based on Evidence, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: América Liliana
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Miranda-Lora
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molina-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Research, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flores-Huerta
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Research, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico. klunderk@gmail.com.|Research Committee, Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), Mexico City, Mexico. klunderk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-8366
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klünder-Klünder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D035781:Siblings; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Children; Metabolic syndrome; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Type 2 diabetes