title: Polymorphisms in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps - a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work review is to focus on the importance of genetic studies in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps besides the several barriers that exists for its understanding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review on studies of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps based on a PubMed/Medline and Periódicos CAPES search of all articles published between January 2005 and January 2015 was made. The search was guided on studies containing the terms polymorphisms, rhinosinusitis, and polyps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two studies found an association of MMP-9 and MMP-2 polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, but not in patients with recurrent nasal polyps. Other studies found an association of nasal polyps with MMP-9 polymorphisms, but not with MMP-2 ones. There is evidence of an association of LTC4S, NOS2A, PTGDR, MET, COX-2, OSF-2, and LF polymorphisms and the risk of developing nasal polyps, especially when combined with chronic allergic rhinitis and asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic studies on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps are promising and may offer insights into its pathophysiology, which is likely affected by multiple genetic factors.
authors.affiliation: Escola de Medicina de Marília, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Marília, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Ramos Pires
authors.initials: VRP
authors.lastname: Dinarte
authors.affiliation: Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Regional de Hemoterapia, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Bioinformática (LGMB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anemari Ramos Dinarte Dos
authors.initials: ARDD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Ferreira de
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Escola de Medicina de Marília, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Marília, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: reismariahh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariah Guieiro Alves Dos
authors.initials: MGAD
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Cardoso Pereira
authors.initials: FCP
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.affiliation: Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Regional de Hemoterapia, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Bioinformática (LGMB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão/Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Cepid/Fapesp), Centro de Terapia Celular, Departamento de Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP/USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Center for Medical Genomics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Lista dos Núcleos de Apoio à Pesquisa (NAPs), Center for Integrative Systems Biology (CISBi), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson Araújo da
authors.initials: WAD
authors.lastname: Silva Júnior
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilma Terezinha
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Anselmo-Lima
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Polimorfismo; Polymorphism; Polyps; Pólipos; Rhinosinusitis; Rinossinusite