title: Correlation between bacteria and fungus communities on dandruff patients scalp from metagenomics viewpoint
design: Our skin plays an important role as defense from a variety of factor correlated to human skin disease and it has many microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and virus. Several human skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff have been associated with microorganisms.   In order to investigate bacterial and fungal community, we collected 18 samples from normal scalp and severe dandruff patient. From collected samples, we amplified a highly conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene about bacteria and D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene about fungus using target primer. Using GS-FLX pyrosequencing, a number of 16S rRNA gene were read 99,789 sequences and 26S rRNA gene were read 55,589 sequences.   In phylum level, Firmicutes showed increasing aspect from normal to grade 5 of 5%, 20% and 91% in bacterial community. In contrast, Basidiomycota showed decreasing aspect from normal to grade 5 of 67%, 43% and 31% in fungal community. Next, in genus level, Staphylococcus was sharply risen from normal to grade 5 and it was dominant in grade 5. But Malassezia was declined from normal to grade 5 of 67%, 40% and 9% in fungal community.   Interestingly, Firmicutes (Staphylococcus spp.) were dominant in the dandruff scalp. In contrast, the most abundant potentially fungus in the healthy scalp was affiliated with the Basidiomycota (Malassesiza spp.) In conclusion, we found new information through comparative of bacterial and fungal communities in normal and dandruff-associated scalps.