title: 16S amplicon of Pygoscelis papua: young male
design: The primers 341F and 806R were applied to amplify the V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes from each sample. The PCR products of each sample were purified by VAHTSTM DNA Clean Beads (Vazyme, Nanjing, China). Then, the concentrations of purified PCR products were measured using a microplate reader FLx800 (BioTek, CA, USA). Subsequently, the purified PCR products from each sample were mixed in equal amounts based on their concentrations, and the amplicon libraries were generated using a TruSeq Nano DNA LT Library Prep Kit (Illumina, CA, USA). The library quality was assessed on an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent, CA, USA) and a QuantiFluor system (Promega, CA, USA).