library_construction_protocol: DNA was extracted via conventional cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method For bisulfite-sequencing libraries, the genomic DNA was fragmented to a mean size of 100-300 bp by sonication using a Covaris S220 focused-ultrasonicator (Covaris), followed by end-repair, 3'-end adenylation and methylated adaptor ligation using Illumina TruSeq DNA kit (Illumina). Then bisulﬁte conversion was performed using a Zymo EZ DNA Methyl-ation-Lightning kit (Zymo Research). The bisulfite-converted, adaptor-ligated DNA was enriched by PCR for 12-15 cycles using KAPA HiFi HotStart Uracil+ Kit  (KAPA Biosystems), purified with Agencourt beads (NuGen).