library_construction_protocol: cells were dissociated enzymatically bycollagenase I for 25 mins and 0.05% Tripsin-EDTA for 10 min at  37°C then harvested by centrifugation. Single-cell RNA sequencing libraries were prepared from the freshly isolated female mouse gonad tissues and ES-derived gonad cells by using Chromium Single Cell 3ʹ v2 Reagent Kits (10X Genomics) as previously described (Yoshino et al. Science (2021)). Briefly, the dissociated cells were mixed with the Single cell Master Mix and generated gel bead-in-emulsions (GEMs). The RNAs in each GEM were revers-transcribed and the resulting cDNAs were amplified by PCR. Illumina sequencer adapted sequencing libraries were constricted from the amplified cDNAs. Single-cell RNA sequencing libraries were sequenced with paired-end reads on the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform.