design: The RNeasy Midi Kit (Qiagen) was used to extract total RNA from testis tissue. Libraries were prepared using TruSeq mRNA stranded HT kit (Illumina) on a Sciclone NGSx liquid automation system (Perkin Elmer). Final library quality check was performed on Fragment Analyser (Advanced Analytical Technologies, Inc) and by qPCR (Kapa Biosciences).