Total RNA was extracted and purified with the RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Qiagen). 500 ng total RNA was sent to Albert Einstein College of Medicine for mRNA enrichement and library construction. After the QC procedures, mRNA from eukaryotic organisms is enriched using oligo(dT) beads. First, the mRNA is fragmented randomly by adding fragmentation buffer, then the cDNA is synthesized by using mRNA template and random hexamers primer, after which a custom secondstrand synthesis buffer (Illumina) , dNTPs, RNase H and DNA polymerase I are added to initiate the secondstrand synthesis. Second, after a series of terminal repair, A ligation and sequencing adaptor ligation, the doublestranded cDNA library is completed through size selection and PCR enrichment