Total RNA was collected using TRIzol reagent (ThermoFisher, 10296010) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Purified RNA was quantified using a Qubit4 Fluorometer (ThermoFisher).  1 µg of RNA was mixed with ERCC RNA Spike-In Mix (ThermoFisher, 4456740).  Ribosomal RNA was first depleted using NEBNext®rRNA Depletion Kit(NEB, E6310X).  RNA-seq was then prepared using NEBNext®Ultra™II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit (NEB, E7760L).  Library quality was assessed on an Agilent TapeStation4200 using High Sensitivity DNA ScreenTape (Agilent, 5067-5584).  The library was quantified on Qubit4 Fluorometer using the Qubit 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit (ThermoFisher, Q33231).