Cells were lysed and total RNA was isolated as per the manufacturer's instructions (NucleoSpin RNA Extraction kit, Macherey-Nagel, Bethlehem, PA) RNA was analyzed on a TapeStation (Agilent TapeStation 2200), and only RNA with RNA integrity number values greater than 9 were used for downstream library preparation. The QuantSeq 3′ mRNA Library Prep Kit (Lexogen) was used to prepare libraries.