Total RNA was extracted from nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs using QIAsymphony RNA kits and from peripheral blood preserved in PAXgene Blood RNA tubes using QIAGEN PAXgene miRNA Extraction Kits according to manufacturer's instructions. Libraries were prepared using TECAN Universal Plus mRNA-seq with AnyDeplete Globin Kits according to manufacturer's instructions. Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 instrument as 100 bp PE reads.