Total RNA from a 20 mg piece of the large lobe of the liver was purified from one mouse per strain of the HMDP, and from 3 mice per diet group in the C57BL6J Control study, using the Qiagen miRNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen cat#217004) per the manufacturer's instructions. RNA preparation was as previously described (Ma, Fuqua et al. 2019) except that samples were homogenized in QIAzol using a TissueLyzer (Qiagen). All samples had RINe values greater than 8. RNA sequencing libraries were prepared as described previously (Ma, Fuqua et al. 2019) using the KAPA Stranded mRNA-Seq Kit (cat #KK8421, KAPA Biosystems, Wilmington, MA).