library_construction_protocol: Single-cell suspensions were generated from adult WT and KO mouse testes using a two-step enzymatic digestion approach. Mice were sacrificed, and then the testes were removed and decapsulated. The seminiferous tubules were cut into small pieces and incubated in DPBS containing 1 mg/ml Collagenase I (Gibco) at 37ºC for five minutes with gentle shaking. The dispersed seminiferous tubules and cells were collected by centrifugation at 100 g for two minutes at 4ºC. The pellet was washed once with DPBS and digested in 0.25% Trypsin (Gibco) containing 1 mg/ml DNase I (AppliChem) at 37ºC for five minutes with gentle shaking. The suspension was added with FBS (Vistech) to terminate digestion. Then, cells were collected by centrifugation at 600 g for five minutes and washed with 0.04% BSA/DPBS. The cells were then filtered through a 40-μm cell strainer (BD Falcon), and cell debris was removed by FACS. The cells were resuspended at a concentration of 1 million cells per ml in 0.04% BSA/DPBS. Chromium Next GEM Single-cell 3' GEM Library and Gel Bead Kit V3.1 (10× Genomics, 1000121) and Chromium Next GEM Chip G Single Cell Kit (10× Genomics, 1000120) were used for cell capture and cDNA synthesis. The cell suspension was loaded onto the Chromium single-cell controller (10× Genomics) to generate single-cell gelbead emulsions (GEMs) according to the manufacturer's instruction.  Captured cells were lysed and the released RNA was barcoded through reverse transcription in individual GEMs. Reverse transcription was performed using a T series Multi-Block Thermal Cycler (LongGene). The following procedure was used: 53°C for 45 min, 85°C for 5 min, and 4°C forever. The quality of the generated cDNA was assessed by the Agilent 2100.