design: RNA sequencing was performed by the Center for Genome Research and Bioinformatics at Oregon State University. Libraries were constructed using a QuantSeq 3 mRNA-Seq Library Prep Kit FWD for Illumina (015.96, Lexogen, NH, USA). Quality control was assayed using MultiQC v1.8 [158] (https://multiqc.info/). All read files were trimmed based on PHRED score and presence of adapter using bbduk from the BBMap suite (https://github.com/BioInfoTools/BBMap). All read files were then re-assayed through MultiQC to verify improvement on read quality. A genome index was generated using the ARS-UCD1.2 Bos taurus genome (http://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-104/fasta/bos_taurus/dna/) and the ARSUCD1.2.104 annotation (http://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-104/gtf/bos_taurus/), using the genomeGenerate function of STAR v2.7.1 [160] (https://github.com/alexdobin/STAR). For each sample, two output .bam files were generated; those were merged using the merge function of samtools v1.0 (https://github.com/samtools/samtools) [161], and gene count matrices were generated using stringtie v 2.0 (https://ccb.jhu.edu/software/stringtie/).