design: Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, MA, USA) by following the manufacturers protocols. RNA quality and integrity were checked using a NonoDrop8000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) and a Technologies 2100 BioAnalyzer (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA), respectively. To construct an RNA library, an RNA integrity number (RIN) value of 7 or more and an rRNA ratio of 1.5 or more were set as the best RNA quality standards. A paired-end library for RNA samples was constructed using the TruSeq RNA library prep kit (Illumina, CA, USA) according to the manufacturers instructions. RNA-seq was performed by means of 100 bp paired-end sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform (Illumina, CA, USA).