design: Total RNA was extracted with MICROBEnrich and MICROBExpress mRNA enrichment kits (Ambien, Thermo Fisher Scientific) to reduce human contamination and isolate bacterial RNA. The samples underwent metatranscriptomic sequencing of 19 urine libraries at the Competence Centre for Genomic Analysis (CCGA) at Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel. The TruSeq stranded total RNA kit (Illumina) was used for RNA purification, focusing on shotgun metatranscriptomics to analyze the UTI microbiome and its functions. Initially, samples H25361-H25365 were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq with 2x75bp paired-end reads. Subsequently, 14 additional samples were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 with 2x 50 bp paired-end reads as more resources became available.