design: DNA Isolation: Genomic DNA was extracted using the NucleoSpin Plant II kit, assessed via agarose gel electrophoresis, and quantified with the Qubit dsDNA BR assay kit. Library Preparation: epiGBS libraries were prepared with 400 ng of DNA, digested with AseI and NsiI enzymes, and ligated with hemimethylated adapters containing barcodes and UMIs. Fragment Cleaning and Size Selection: Samples were pooled, cleaned of fragments <60 bp, and size-selected for fragments 150 bp using SPRIselect beads. Sequencing and Data Processing: Libraries were sequenced in paired-end 150 bp mode on Illumina NovaSeq 6000, with data processing performed using Illumina BCL Convert v3.9.3.