design: B. dorsalis was collected from Guangdong Province, China and reared as previously described (Li et al., 2011) at the Institute of SCAU , China). Adult flies were fed artificial diets of 3 : 1 sucrose/yeast extract. All the experimental insects were maintained in cages at 27  1 C under a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle at relative humidity of 70%  5%. Fed with ME 1 mL