Archaeal DNA metabarcoding of the hotspring biofilm
Total DNA was purified from sediment and biofilm samples with the E.Z.N.A. Soil DNA Kit (Omega Bio-Tek), and the concentration in each extract was assessed using the Qubit High Sensitivity dsDNA Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). DNA metabarcoding library preparation and sequencing were carried out by Novogene Europe. The primers Arch915R (5-GTGCTCCCCCGCCAATTCCT-3) (Stahl and Amann, 1991) were used to amplify the 16S V4 region for archaea.  The PCR products were purified using magnetic bead purification. Sequencing libraries were generated by attaching Illumina adapters. Obtained libraries were quantified, pooled in equimolar ratios, and sequenced on an Illumina platform 2x150 bp.