design: ITS1 rDNA amplicon was performed by PCR with the primers Chryso-SSU1 (5- GGT GAA GTC GTA ACA AGG TTT CCG TAG G-3) and Chryso-5.8S5 (5- CAG AYA CTC CAR CAG ACA TRC-3). The PCRs were prepared in a 20 l volume consisting of 10 l Q5 Master Mix (Q5 High-Fidelity DNA polymerase, BioLabs Inc.), 1 l of each forward and reverse primer, 30-40 ng of DNA template, and water. The PCR profile included initial denaturation at 98 C for 30 s, 35 cycles of denaturation at 98 C for 10 s, amplification at 52 C for 45 s and elongation at 72 C for 1 min, and a final extension at 72 C for 2 min.The PCR product was purified with SPRI AMPure XP paramagnetic beads (Beckman Coulter), pooled equimolarly and sent for library preparation and sequencing to Fasteris (Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland). Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform with SINGLE end mode (2  300 bp). Illumina MiSeq SINGLE-end raw reads were filtered for average read quality threshold 26 using the script Reads_Quality_Length_distribution.pl (Bilint et al., 2014) and reads shorter than 150 bp were discarded. Sequencing adapters were removed from  both ends of the sequences using the Fastx Toolkit. SINGLE-end assembly was performed using PANDAseq, followed by removing primer artifacts using the script python remove_multiprimer.py (Bilint et al., 2014). SINGLE-end reads were then reoriented in 5'-3' direction using fqgrep. Demultiplexing was carried out using the demultiplex.sh script (Bilint et al., 2014) modified to output fastq files.