design: Freshly collected tissue was divided into appropriate size and embedded in OCT and quickly frozen on dry ice. Tissue sections were subjected to methanol fixation, HE staining, imaging and destaining following the 10x Genomics recommended experimental procedure (CG000614). Probe hybridization, probe release and library construction were performed using the Visium CytAssist Spatial Gene Expression for FFPE kit from 10x Genomics (PN-1000520 for Human, 6.5mm; PN-1000521 for Mouse, 6.5mm; PN-1000522 for Human, 11mm; PN-1000523 for Mouse, 11mm) according to 10x protocol (CG000495).