design: Approximately 16,000-25,000 nuclei per sample were loaded per channel of the Chromium Next GEM Chip for processing on the 10x Chromium Controller (10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA). For scATAC-seq, transposition and library construction were carried out as per the manufacturer's instructions (Chromium Next GEM Single Cell ATAC User Guide). Libraries were normalized and pooled for sequencing on two NovaSeq SP-100 flow cells (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).