design: Fecal samples were collected from mice exposed to different concentrations of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) to investigate the effects of TPPO on gut microbiota composition. Mice were divided into groups receiving 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg TPPO. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using paired-end Illumina sequencing.