library_construction_protocol: The mice were euthanized, and the colon was carefully dissected and cut open longitudinally. The tissue was washed three times with PBS, cut into small pieces, and incubated in a pre-digestion buffer (1X PBS with 25 mM HEPES, 10 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT) at 37°C with shaking at 200 RPM for 15 minutes. The mixture was centrifuged to remove the pre-digestion buffer, and wash media (RPMI + 5% FBS) was added. The sample was vortexed, and the epithelial cells were collected from the supernatant. The supernatant was then filtered through a nylon cell strainer with a 70-μm pore size, followed by a second filtration with a 40-μm pore size. The remaining tissue was treated with digestion buffer (RPMI with 10% FBS, 25 mM HEPES, 0.5 mg/ml Collagenase IV, 0.5 mg/ml Dispase) for 45 minutes at 37°C, with shaking at 200 RPM. The mixture was centrifuged at 1500 RPM for 5 minutes at room temperature, and the supernatant was discarded. Pre-warmed wash media was added, and the sample was vortexed. The supernatant was then filtered through a nylon cell strainer with a 70-μm pore size, followed by a 40-μm pore size, and the cells were counted.The epithelial cells were pooled with immune cells and counted the number of live cells using Luna- II Automated Cell Counter. We pooled three mice from each group of Chow water, Chow with 1.5% DSS; MBD water and MBD 1.5% DSS in equal numbers. The cells were sorted into four group Epithelial (+EPICAM, -DAPI), B cells ( -DAPI, +CD45, +CD19), T cells ( -DAPI, +CD45, +CD3), myeloid cells (-DAPI, +CD45, -CD3, -CD19) using BD-FACS Aria sorter. In each group we pooled 6000 epithelial, 2000 B, 4000 T and 8000 myeloid cells Pooled single cells were used to prepare single cell transcriptome sequencing libraries using the Single Cell 3' v3.1 Gel Beads kit (cat no 2000164) from 10X genomics. Libraries were sequenced using Novaseq 6000 machine (Illumina).