design: glass beads to powder using TissueLyser II by Retsch (Haan, Germany) and pretreated with 0.1 M HEPES buffer (pH=8) supplemented by PVP and ascorbic acid. Subsequently, DNA was extracted using the Exgene Plant SV kit (GeneAll, Seoul, Korea) following the manufacturer's protocol. The double-digest RADseq libraries (Andrews et al., 2016) were prepared according to the protocol of Peterson et al. (2012) with some modifications as described in detail in lenker et al. (2024). In brief, genomic DNA was purified with 0.4x AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter, CA, USA), digested with HpyCH4V (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA), which was followed by A-tailing and adaptor ligation with a 5-bp barcode. The pooled ligation products were size-selected using Pippin Prep (Sage Science, Beverly, MA, USA) and PCR amplified using the universal P5 primer and the indexed P7 primer with 6-bp indices. The libraries were sequenced with 150-bp paired-end reads on Illumina systems at Novogene, Cambridge, UK.