design: Total DNA was extracted using a DNeasy PowerBiofilm Kit. The ITS2 region  was amplified using ITS3_KYO2 and ITS4 primers (Toju et al., 2012). The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified using the Bakt_341F and Bakt_805R primers (Herlemann et al., 2011). Libraries were prepared according to the Illumina protocol (Illumina protocol, part no. 15044223, Rev. B). The indexing of libraries was performed using the Nextera XT Index Kit v2 (Illumina, USA).