library_construction_protocol: Total RNA was extracted from colonic organoids using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). RNA quantity and integrity were assessed using RiboGreen and TapeStation; only samples with RIN >7.0 were used. Stranded mRNA libraries were prepared from 1 μg total RNA using the Illumina TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Prep Kit, following the manufacturer's protocol.