design: The qualified genomic DNA sample was randomly fragmented by Covaris technology/segmentase and the fragment of 350bp was obtained after fragment selection. The end repair of DNA fragments was performed and an "A" base was added at the 3'-end of each strand. Adapters were then ligated to both ends of the end repaired/dA tailed DNA fragments, then amplification by ligation-mediated PCR (LM- PCR , performed for PCR -based library construction only), then single strand separation and cyclization. The rolling circle amplification (RCA) was performed to produce DNA Nanoballs (DNBs). The qualified DNBs were loaded into the patterned nanoarrays and pair-end read were read through on the DNBSEQ platform and high- throughput sequencing are performed for each library to ensure that each sample meet the average sequencing coverage requirement. Sequencing-derived raw image files were processed by DNBSEQ basecalling Software for base-calling with default parameters and the sequence data of each individual is generated as paired-end reads, which is defined as "raw data" and stored in FASTQ format.