design: Metagenomic DNA was extracted from human fecal samples using the FastPure Stool DNA Isolation Kit. DNA was fragmented to an average size of approximately 362 bp for paired-end library construction using the NEXTFLEX Rapid DNA-Seq kit. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform. Reads were quality-filtered and host-derived reads were removed by alignment to the human reference genome.