design: Primary chondrocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in vitro. Inflammation was induced using IL-1beta to establish an osteoarthritis-like model. Cells were then treated with either celecoxib (positive control) or Tinospora crispa ethyl acetate extract at medium dose. Untreated cells served as controls. RNA was extracted from each group and subjected to paired-end RNA sequencing to analyze differential gene expression and investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Tinospora crispa in chondrocytes.