Understanding of human dandruff scalp through comparative analysis between microbiome and mycobiome
Dandruff is a global common problem, the human up to 50% suffer from dandruff in both genders. However, although bacterial and fungal community was known to associate with dandruff, understanding of dandruff about etiology did not complete. In order to investigate bacterial and fungal community, we collected eighteen samples from normal scalp and severe dandruff patient. From collected samples, we amplified a highly conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene (bacteria) and D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene (fungus) using universal primer. A total of 155,378 sequence of by16S rRNA gene and 26S rRNA gene were obtained using GS-FLX pyrosequencing. Firmicutes showed the most dominant increasing from 5.2% in normal scalp defined cases to 91.0% in severe dandruff patients in bacterial community, whereas, Proteobacteria decreased from normal scalp (60.1%) to dandruff patients (6.2%). Moreover, Basidiomycota of fungal phylum showed the most occupancy decreasing from 66.6% in normal group defined cases to 24.7% in severe dandruff patients. Interestingly, Staphylococcus spp. of Firmicutes were dominant in the dandruff scalp. In contrast, Malassesiza spp of Basidiomycota was the most abundant potentially fungus in the healthy scalp. In this study, we found alteration of diversity in the scalp bacterial and fungal community, the information will be useful for the potential diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dandruff.