Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Plus mini kit (Qiagen, 74134) and QIAshredder kit (Qiagen, 79654) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Messenger RNA was prepared using TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Library Preparation kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA libraries were generated using the Illumina TruSeq RNA Sample preparation kit and sequenced with paired-end 50 bps on HiSeq4000 sequencer.