Muscle biopsies were disrupted using a bead beater homogenizer. Total RNA was extracted in qiazol and Ribosomes isolated in a buffer containing 10mM MgCl2. NEBNext rRNA removal kit was used to remove rRNA. Heat fragmented total RNA for RNA-Seq and ribosome protected RNA fragments were treated with T4 PNK and libraries constructed using the NEBNext Small RNA Library kit. Libraries were size selected for 25-35 nt fragments by native PAGE.