Different Origins of Bletilla striata Rhizospheric Soil MicroorganismsJC1
Bletilla striata, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family, is notable for its significant medicinal value. The growth, development, and chemical composition of this plant are profoundly influenced by environmental factors. However, there is a notable gap in multidimensional research investigating the interrelations between the key chemical components of Bletilla striata, micro-level microbial factors, and macro-level climatic elements. This study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial and fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata cultivation sites in Dali Prefecture. The physicochemical properties of the soil and the concentration of major active components in Bletilla striata medicinal materials were measured. Furthermore, the study examined the correlations between soil microbial diversity, physicochemical characteristics, and the quality of the medicinal materials. The results indicated that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota were the dominant bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the predominant fungal phyla. The composition of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to the physicochemical properties of the soil (organic matter, nitrogen content, available potassium) and climatic factors (latitude and highest average temperature). The concentrations of medicinal active components in Bletilla striata showed a positive correlation with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota, and a negative correlation with Acidobacteriota and Ascomycota. Additionally, the symbiotic network analysis of bacteria and fungi revealed regional differences in microbial interaction patterns among different production areas, reflecting the complex interdependencies among microbes. Overall, there is a significant association between soil microbes, environmental factors, and the quality of Bletilla striata medicinal materials. The composition and function of soil microbial communities may be key factors influencing the formation of medicinal components in Bletilla striata. These findings provide important ecological information for optimizing the cultivation environment of Bletilla striata and improving the quality of medicinal materials.