RNA-seq of E. coli
Isolated total RNAs were treated with TURBO DNA-free Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) to remove contaminating DNA. Ribosomal RNA was then depleted using the NEBNext rRNA Depletion Kit (Bacteria) (New England Biolabs, USA). RNA-Seq libraries were prepared from the resulting RNA using the NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (New England Biolabs, USA)