16S amplicon sequencing of concrete metagenome
To characterize bacterial and fungal communities, unsaturated PCR amplification of 16S and ITS rDNA fragments was performed using the Q5 High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase [New England Biolabs, Cat. No. M0491], which provides ultra-low amplification error rates. For bacteria, the V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was targeted using primers 341F (5-CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG-3) and 806R (5-GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT-3).