DNA-Sef of Escherichia coli T7-infected
single cells from samples were encapsulated in semi-permeable capsules (SPCs), lysed, and whole-genome amplified by multiple-displacement amplification (MDA). PCR screening of SPCs was then performed using specific 5-fluorescently labeled primers targeting a viral hallmark gene indicative of viral presence in SPCs.  Finally, positive fluorescently labelled SPCs, indicative of a cell infected with the target virus, were sorted, subjected to a second round of MDA to generate enough DNA, sequenced, and analyzed.