Plasma cfDNA was extracted using the Quick-cfDNA Serum & Plasma kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA) or JBS plasma cell-free DNA isolation kit (JBS Science, Inc, Doylestown, PA). Targeted sequencing was performed using the HBV panels from JBS Science. Libraries were prepared from 10 ng of plasma cfDNA using the NEBNext Ultra II DNA Kit (NEB, Ipswich, MA) and xGen UDI-UMI adapters (IDT, Cornwall, IA), followed by target enrichment according to the manufacturers pr