For H3K9ac ChIP-seq, WT and Slc31a1 cKO BMSCs were crosslinked with 1% formaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature, and the reaction was quenched with 125 mM glycine for 5 minutes. Cells were washed with cold PBS, collected, and lysed in ChIP lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors. Chromatin was sheared by sonication to an average fragment size of approximately 200–500 bp. A fraction of sheared chromatin was saved as input DNA after clarification, and the remaining chromatin was incubated overnight at 4°C with anti-H3K9ac antibody. Immune complexes were captured using Protein A/G magnetic beads, washed sequentially with low-salt, high-salt, LiCl, and TE buffers, and eluted. ChIP DNA and corresponding input DNA were purified for downstream library preparation. Purified H3K9ac ChIP DNA and corresponding input DNA were used for sequencing library preparation with a low-input DNA library preparation kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Libraries were amplified, purified, and assessed for quality and concentration before sequencing. Qualified libraries were sequenced on an Illumina platform.