Total RNA was extracted using ISOGEN (317-02503; Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) and Direct-Zol RNA Miniprep (R2050; Zymo Research, Irvine, USA). cDNA library preparation and sequencing were performed by Azenta Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Briefly, cDNA libraries were constructed using NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (E7420; New England Biolabs) and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq with a 2 x 150 bp paired-end configuration. Each sample yielded approximately 20 million sequencing reads.