were carried out. RNA from E. coli K-12 WT and K12-BIM1-M was extracted in triplicate from independent subcultures using QIAGENs QIAwave RNA Mini Kit (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) following the manufacturers instructions, and sent to Genome Quebec Centre of Expertise and Services (Montral, Qubec, Canada) for sequencing on an Illumina Novaseq 6000 apparatus.