Total RNA was extracted using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol. RNA quality was evaluated using the NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer. RNA integrity was assessed using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. RNA libraries for RNA-seq were prepared using VAHTS Universal V10 RNA-seq Library Prep Kit (Premixed Version) according to the manufacturer's instructions.