Total RNA samples were obtained and mRNAs with poly(A) tails were enriched using oligo(dT) beads. The mRNA was then fragmented, and first- and second-strand cDNA were synthesized using random primers. The cDNA underwent end-repair, 3' adenylation, and adaptor ligation, followed by PCR amplification and purification. Library quality was assessed, circularized, and amplified to form DNA nanoballs (DNBs). Sequencing was performed on the DNBSEQ platform using DNBSEQ Technology.