Total RNA was isolated using the Zymo Quick RNA MiniPrep Kit (Zymo Research, R1054) with on-column DNase I digestion, following the manufacturer's protocols. RNA-seq libraries were prepared from 1 µg of total RNA using the KAPA HyperPrep Kit (Roche, KK8540) and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform to generate paired-end reads.