For mouse tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumors were harvested at day 10 post tumor inoculation, digested to single cells, and were stained with PE-CD11b, APC-CD45, and PE/Cy7- CD3 for 30 min, followed by viability dye eFluo™ 506 for 5 min, and subjected to FACSFuson sorter for isolating the viable mouse TILs. A total of 10,000 TILs (CD11b-CD45+CD3+viability dye-) were isolated from each sample for the subsequent library prep and single-cell sequencing. scRNA-seq library prep was  following the protocol from 10x Genomics Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 5' Reagent Kits V2.