RNA was isolated using the Quick-DNA/RNA Miniprep Plus Kit (Zymo Research, #D7003) RNA libraries were prepared for 3' end counting bulk RNA sequencing by Plasmidsaurus. Total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using a poly(dT)VN primer, followed by second-strand synthesis, tagmentation, library indexing, and amplification. Libraries incorporate unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) for PCR duplicate removal and unique dual indices (UDIs) to prevent index hopping. Sequencing was performed single-end on Illumina instruments, ~90 bp reads, biased toward the 3' end of transcripts.