Total CD8+ T cells were isolated from patients at acute and convalescent stages of HAV infection (n = 5) and healthy donors (n = 3) by magnetic separation, and stained with DNA barcode-labeled MHC class I dextramers conjugated with PE (dCODE dextramers). dCODE dextramer-positive and -negative CD8+ T cells were flow-sorted, and then re-mixed at a 1:9 ratio and further stained with ADTs. Cell suspensions were pelleted, and scRNA-seq libraries were prepared using the Chromium Single Cell 5' Library & Gel Bead Kit (PN-10000006) and 5' Feature Barcode Library Kit (PN-1000020) (10X Genomics), following the manufacturer's instructions.