Resected tumors were collected in RPMI-1640 (Corning) supplemented with 2% FBS (Sigma), 15 mM HEPES, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1X essential and non-essential amino acids, gentamicin (all from Gibco), transferred into RPMI-1640 containing 0.4 mg/ml collagenase II (Fisher/Worthington), 0.1 mg/ ml collagenase-dispase, and 50 ug/mL DNase I, minced into small fragments with scissors, and digested for 40 min at 37ºC. Digested cell suspensions were homogenized, filtered through 70 um mesh (Miltenyi Biotec) and depleted of red blood cells with Red Blood Cell Lysing Buffer Hybri-Max at RT for 10 min. Cells were washed and stained with anti-CD16/CD32 and biotinylated anti-PDPN for 1 hour in Awesome MACS buffer (PBS containing 0.5% BSA [Sigma Aldrich], 20mM EDTA [Fisher], 2.5mM dextrose [Sigma Aldrich], 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 1X essential and non-essential amino acids). Podoplanin+ cells were enriched using anti-biotin magnetic beads on LS-MACS manual columns (Miltenyi Biotec), and stained with anti-CD45 (Biolegend), anti-CD31 (eBio), and anti-podoplanin (Biolegend) in Awesome MACS buffer for 30 min. After staining cells were resuspended in Awesome MACS containing DAPI (0.2 µg/ml) and sorted as described below.  Cells were sorted using a BD Influx System (Becton Dickinson) into BSA-pretreated Eppendorf tubes containing 4% ultra-pure BSA (Sigma) in PBS. CD45neg CD31neg podoplaninhi cancer associated fibroblasts were sorted into tdTomatoneg eGFPneg, tdTomato+ eGFPneg, tdTomato+ eGFP+, and tdTomatoneg eGFP+ subpopulations. Viable cells were enumerated using a Cell Drop instrument (Denovix). Live sorted subpopulations were processed for RNA extraction and indexed libraries prepared using the NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit.  Single cells were processed using the 10X Genomics Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 3ʹ Reagent Kits v3.1 (Dual Index) to the vendor' specifications. Illumina NextSeq 2000 were used to sequence the bulk and single cel libraires according to validated standard operating procedures established by the University of Virginia Genome Analysis and Technology Core, RRID:SCR_018883. Live sorted subpopulations were processed for RNA extraction and indexed libraries prepared using the NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit.  Single cells were processed using the 10X Genomics Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 3ʹ Reagent Kits v3.1 (Dual Index) to the vendor' specifications. Illumina NextSeq 2000 were used to sequence the single cell libraires according to validated standard operating procedures established by the University of Virginia Genome Analysis and Technology Core, RRID:SCR_018883.