Rhizosphere, rhizoplane and root samples were collected from soil-grown Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA was extracted using the MagAttract PowerSoil DNA KF Kit and a KingFisher. V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using primers 341F and 805R (Supplementary Table S1. Sequencing was conducted on an Illumina NovaSeq platform (250 bp, paired end reads). To  minimize amplification of plant-derived sequences, blocking primers were used (pPNA and mPNA).