Mice were 6-12 weeks of age and of either sex, with age-matched littermates used as controls unless noted otherwise. Following euthanasia, tissues were isolated, flash-frozen in RNAlater using liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 ˚C prior to Trizol extraction. Total RNA from mouse tissues in which THUMPD1 gene has been knocked out (THUMPD1 KO) vs control (WT) were isolated by Trizol extraction and sequenced on NovaSeq 6000 S1 using Illumina Stranded Total RNA Prep, Ligation with Ribo-Zero Plus and paired-end sequencing.