Total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen). The concentration and quality of each RNA sample were assessed using a NanoDrop ND-2000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies; Wilmington, DE) and an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies; Santa Clara, CA). Each RNA sample with a high RNA integrity number (> 8.0) was used for RNA-seq and RT‒qPCR analyses. RNA-seq was conducted at the UW-Madison Biotechnology Center. RNA libraries were generated by Takara SMARTer Stranded RNA v2- Pico Library Prep kit (TAKARA BIO INC., Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan) following the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 10ng of the total RNA of each sample, including positive and negative control, was fragmented with Oligos Mix at 94 °C for 4 min and immediately ice-cold for 2 min. The fragmented RNA was then reverse-transcribed into double-stranded complementary DNAs (cDNAs). Adapter sequences for Illumina sequencing were added via PCR1 (5 cycles). After purified cDNA with AMPure Beads, ribosomal cDNA was depleted with ZapR v2 and R-Probes v2. Subsequently, the cDNAs were further amplified by PCR 2 with 12 cycles and purified with AMPure XP Beads to generate the final library. Library quality and concentration were assessed using the Agilent Tapestation (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and Invitrogen Qubit HS cDNA Kit 3 (Invitrogen), respectively. Each final library was about 330 bp. Each library was standardized to 2nM. Cluster generation was performed using the NovaSeq 6000 Reagent Kit, and sequencing was conducted on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 with a 2 × 150 bp read length, generating an average of 165.59 million reads per sample.