Nuclei Isolation for Single-cell ATAC Sequencing (CG000169). After isolation, the nuclei were resuspended in the chilled diluted nuclei buffer (10x Genomics, 2000153). The amount of diluted nuclei buffer used for resuspension was determined based on the initial number of cells and the desired final concentration of nuclei. Nuclei counting was performed using Countstar (Rigel S2). The processed nuclei were then rapidly utilized for the generation of scATAC-seq libraries. Following the 10x Genomics single-cell ATAC protocol, the Chromium Chip E Single Cell Kit (1000156) and the Chromium Single Cell ATAC Library & Gel Bead Kit (1000110) were employed to partition the nuclei from the bulk sample into nanoliter-scale GEMs. A pool of around 750,000 10x barcodes was sampled to separately and uniquely index the transposed DNA of each individual nucleus, and library construction was carried out by CapitalBio Technology.