At 4 hr of fermentation
Fecal microbiota samples were subjected to in vitro batch fermentation with three substrates (Control, FOS, and navy bean hydration wastewater [NBWE]) and sampled at 0, 4, 12, and 24 hours. Total genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and used to prepare shotgun metagenomic sequencing libraries for whole-community DNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform to characterize shifts in gut microbial community composition and function in response to substrate fermentation