moth stage, WHOLE GENOME  SEQUENCING and Bioinformatic analysis
Paired-end sequencing libraries were prepared from genomic DNA using the NEBNext® Ultra™ II FS DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina, following the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, DNA was enzymatically fragmented (~200–300 bp), followed by end repair, adaptor ligation, and PCR enrichment. Libraries were purified using AMPure XP beads and quality-checked before sequencing.