Camelus dromedarius
All Pre-PCR steps were performed in facilities dedicated to aDNA laboratory at China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), which is physically isolated from modern molecular laboratories. Bone powder was sampled using a drill, and DNA was extracted from approximately 50 mg of powder. The final extract was eluted in 30 L EB buffer. Double-stranded sequencing libraries were then prepared from 20 L of each DNA extract. Negative controls were included during both DNA extraction and library construction to monitor potential contamination. Finally, the libraries were subjected to shotgun sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq 6,000 platform to generate 2150 bp pair-end reads.