WGS of E. coli
Genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy UltraClean Microbial Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and quantified using the Qubit 4 Fluorometer (Invitrogen, US), in both cases following manufacturer instructions. Sequencing services were provided by Novogene (UK), and performed using Illumina Novaseq 6000 with 150 bp paired-end reads.