Homo sapiens
Protocols: All patients were enrolled at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) and provided informed consent for tissue biobanking. Samples were provided by the ISMMS Biorepository. All patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma based on the EASL guidelines, and were treatment-naïve prior to surgical resection. The different regions were sampled allowing for at least 1 cm of distance between each other. The final number of regions per tumor varied according to tissue availability and presence of tumor necrosis. Each tumor and adjacent tissue sample was split in half to allow for mirrored histological and molecular analysis. Half of the sample was immediately stored in RNA-later (Qiagen) for 24 hours at 4°C, and subsequently at -80°C, and the other half was embedded in OCT and stored at -80°C. RNA was extracted from HCC samples using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen) following manufacturer's instructions. Performed by Mount Sinai core facility according to manufacturer's protocol. See protocol at https://support.illumina.com/sequencing/sequencing_kits/truseq_rna_sample_prep_kit_v2.html