binned metagenome: spire_mag_02474775
Phocaeicola vulgatus
ENA first public
2024-09-20
INSDC center name
EMBL Heidelberg
INSDC status
public
Submitter Id
spire_mag_02474775
assembly quality
Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics
assembly software
megahit 1.2.9
binning parameters
default
binning software
metabat 2.12.1
broad-scale environmental context
human digestive system
broker name
EBI-EMG
collection date
missing: third party data
completeness score
99.71
completeness software
checkm2 0.1.3
contamination score
7.43
environmental medium
stool
geographic location (country and/or sea)
Nepal
geographic location (latitude)
28.17000000
geographic location (longitude)
84.25000000
investigation type
metagenome-assembled genome
isolation_source
human gut metagenome
local environmental context
human gut
metagenomic source
human gut metagenome
project name
The composition of the gut microbiome in industrialized populations differs from those living traditional lifestyles. However, it has been difficult to separate the contributions of human genetic and geographic factors from lifestyle. Whether shifts away from the foraging lifestyle that characterizes much of humanity's past influence the gut microbiome, and to what degree, remains unclear. Here, we characterize the stool bacterial composition of four Himalayan populations to investigate how the gut community changes in response to shifts in traditional human lifestyles. These groups led seminomadic hunting-gathering lifestyles until transitioning to varying levels of agricultural dependence upon farming. The Tharu began farming 250-300 years ago, the Raute and Raji transitioned 30-40 years ago, and the Chepang retain many aspects of a foraging lifestyle. We assess the contributions of dietary and environmental factors on their gut-associated microbes and find that differences in the lifestyles of Himalayan foragers and farmers are strongly correlated with microbial community variation. Furthermore, the gut microbiomes of all four traditional Himalayan populations are distinct from that of the Americans, indicating that industrialization may further exacerbate differences in the gut community. The Chepang foragers harbor elevated abundance of taxa associated with foragers around the world. Conversely, the gut microbiomes of the populations that have transitioned to farming are more similar to those of Americans, with agricultural dependence and several associated lifestyle and environmental factors correlating with the extent of microbiome divergence from the foraging population. The gut microbiomes of Raute and Raji reveal an intermediate state between the Chepang and Tharu, indicating that divergence from a stereotypical foraging microbiome can occur within a single generation. Our results also show that environmental factors such as drinking water source and solid cooking fuel are significantly associated with the gut microbiome. Despite the pronounced differences in gut bacterial composition across populations, we found little differences in alpha diversity across lifestyles. These findings in genetically similar populations living in the same geographical region establish the key role of lifestyle in determining human gut microbiome composition and point to the next challenging steps of determining how large-scale gut microbiome reconfiguration impacts human biology.
sample derived from
SAMEA4969183
sample name
spire_mag_02474775
scientific_name
Phocaeicola vulgatus
sequencing method
Illumina MiSeq
taxonomic identity marker
multi-marker approach