Control of Neuronal Survival and Development Using Conductive Diamond.
ABSTRACT.  This study demonstrates the control of neuronal survival and development using nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD). We highlight the role of N-UNCD in regulating neuronal activity via near-infrared illumination, demonstrating the generation of stable photocurrents that enhance neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, and foster a more active, synchronised neuronal network. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing reveals that diamond substrates improve cellular/substrate interaction by upregulating extracellular matrix and gap junction-related genes. Our findings underscore the potential of conductive diamond as a robust and biocompatible platform for non-invasive and effective neural tissue engineering.