Ascarosides and symbiotic bacteria regulate host immune response
The aim of this research was to examine how the Galleria larval immune system is modulated in response to EPNs signal ascarosides and symbiotic bacteria. Two ascarosides (ascr#9 and ascr#12) together with P. luminescens subsp. kayaii H06 bacteria were co-injected into the last instar larvae of G. mellonella, the larval mortality was recorded and the expression of the genes relating with AMPs, ROS/RNS and LPS was analyzed.