Microbial inoculation facilitate the composting maturation of spent mushroom substrates.
In this study, two strains were formulated into a synthetic microbial consortium for simultaneous enhancement of spent mushroom substrates composting efficiency and ARG mitigation. The findings will contribute novel insights into sustainable management of organic wastes increasingly contaminated with antimicrobial resistance determinants, offering practical solutions for the circular bio-economy while addressing the global challenge of ARG dissemination in agricultural systems.