chrX sequencing reads of ADHD probands
We conducted whole-exome capture and sequencing for 341 ADHD male probands from the UK. Children and adolescents (aged 5 to 18 years) were recruited through Child and Adolescent Psychiatry or Pediatric outpatient UK clinics. ADHD diagnosis (according to DSM-III-R or DSM-IV) was confirmed using the parent version of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA)98, a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Samples with ASD were excluded. Approval for the study was obtained from the North West England and Wales Multicentre Research Ethics Committees. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all parents and from adolescents aged 16-18 years old and assent was gained from children under 16 years of age. These samples were derived from primary blood cells and captured by the xGen Exome Research Panel (IDT) capture array and sequenced on the Hiseq 4000 platform. After aligned to GRCh37 assembly, the chrX reads were subtracted in order to investigate the genetic risks contributing to ADHD risk.