CF sputum, metagenomes and isolates
This study sought to apply inhaled bacteriophage therapy for treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis. After phage therapy, sputum Pseudomonas density was significantly reduced without altering sputum microbiome, and analysis of sputum Pseudomonas showed evidence for "trade-offs" that decreased antibiotic resistance or bacterial virulence. In addition, improved lung function observed after phage therapy may reflect the combined effects of decreased bacterial sputum density and phage-driven trade-offs.