The immune response differences of rats induced using RBD3-Fc mRNA vaccines inoculated intradermally by NFIS and  intramuscularly by needles
We have employed a single cell sequencing approach using 10× chromium microfluidic system to further illustrate the effect of inoculation routes on T cell immune responses induced by the mRNA-LNP vaccine and naked mRNA vaccine. Rat splenocytes were harvested at week 6. CD45+ splenocytes were separated and captured as immune cells using flow cytometry, then analyzed using scRNA-seq. THis study revealed the advantages of NIFS delivery, which evoked potent T cell responses. Overall design: Following RBD3-Fc vaccines' injecton, splenocytes were gained at 4 weeks after boost. CD45+ splenocytes were sorted using flow cytometry and analyzed by scRNA-seq.