Gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased plasma trimethylamine N-oxide in patients with chronic kidney disease
The gut microbiota has been identified as a source of pathogenic mediators in chronic kidney disease (CKD). A gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been reported to be closely related to CKD complications. This study aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal microbiota and circulating levels of TMAO in Chinese patients with CKD.