Free Ammonia Disrupts Quorum Sensing-Mediated Metabolic Cooperation and Energy Homeostasis in Oxygenic Photogranules
Free ammonia (FA) is widely recognized as a key inhibitor in biological nitrogen removal systems, yet its impacts are predominantly interpreted through a direct toxicity perspective. Here, we demonstrate that FA stress fundamentally reshapes microbial community function by reprogramming quorum sensing (QS), metabolic cooperation, and cellular energy allocation in oxygenic photogranules (OPGs).