An approach to increase the success rate of cultivation of soil bacteria based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Soil microbiota is considered a source of undiscovered bioactive compounds, yet cultivation of most bacteria within a sample remains to be generally unsuccessful. Two main reasons are behind the unculturability of bacteria: the presence of cells in a viable but not culturable state (such as dormant cells), and the failure to provide the necessary growth requirements in vitro (leading to the classification of some bacterial taxa as yet-to-be-cultured). The present work focuses on the development of a single procedure that helps distinguish between both phenomena of unculturability, based on viability staining coupled with flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In the selected soil sample, the success rate of cultured bacteria was doubled by selecting viable and metabolically active bacteria, and it was determined that most of the uncultured fraction was not dormant or dead but likely required different growth conditions. It was also determined that the staining process introduced changes in the taxonomic composition of the outgrown bacterial biomass, which should be considered for further developments. This research shows the potential of flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting applied to soil samples to improve the success rate of bacterial cultivation by estimating the proportion of dormant and yet-to-be-cultured bacteria and by directly excluding dormant cells from being inoculated into growth media.