Modeling Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastases Using Patient-Derived Organoids
Approximately 50% of patients with surgically resected early-stage lung cancer develop distant metastasis. At present, there is no in vivo metastasis model to investigate the biology of human lung cancer metastases. Using well-characterized patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we establish an in vivo metastasis model that preserves the biologic features of human LUAD metastases. Results of whole-genome and RNA sequencing performed in this study establish that our in vivo PDO metastasis model can be used to study clonality and tumor evolution and to identify biomarkers related to organotropism. Investigation of the response of KRASG12C PDOs to Sotorasib demonstrates that the model can examine the efficacy of treatments to suppress metastasis and identify mechanisms of drug resistance. Finally, our PDO model cocultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells can potentially be used to determine the optimal immune-priming strategy for individual patients with LUAD. Overall design: We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of human tumors, patient-derived organoids, and metastatis-derived organoids from  in vivo metastatic models.