4NQO-induced SOCC mice
Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has shown moderate efficacy in some patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is imperative to establish a mouse tumor model to explore mechanisms of antitumor immunity and to develop novel therapeutic options. We examined the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model for genetic aberrations, transcriptomic profile, and immune cell compositions at different pathological stages.