Sus scrofa Transcriptome or Gene expression
PD-L1 deficiency reshaped the response of porcine alveolar macrophages to acute PRRSV-1 infection toward a more antiviral and immunostimulatory state. PD-L1 knockout iPAMs showed reduced expression of exhaustion-related markers and NFKB inhibitors, increased antigen presentation- and co-stimulation-related genes, and enhanced interferon-stimulated and antiviral cytokine responses. Network analyzes further supported activation of innate immune pathways, with WGCNA identifying a dominant immune-associated blue module and PPI analysis highlighting PXDN as a hub gene. Overall, these findings suggest that PD-L1 is an important regulator of macrophage responses during PRRSV infection and a potential target for anti-PRRSV strategies.