16s rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota
IPA (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction; catalogue #HY-W015229) was prepared in sterile PBS and administered to mice by oral gavage at a dosage of 50 mg/kg, three times per week for 6 weeks. Twelve HFD-fed mice were randomly assigned to two groups: HPD and HPD with IPA treatment (HIPA). In the 10th week, all mice were exposed to periodontitis. HIPA mice received IPA (MedchemExpress, Monmouth Junction, catalogue #HY-W015229; 50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage three times a week for 6 weeks. The HPD mice were sham-treated with PBS.