rain-fed apple orchard located Genome sequencing
This experiment was conducted using 6-year-old spur-type Fuji apple trees. All orchards followed a consistent, well-established routine management system for pest control and pruning. A randomized complete block design was employed, with three treatments and three replicates per treatment. Each experimental unit comprised five apple trees (excluding border trees to avoid edge effects). The treatments were as follows: (1) Fe (film-mulched water and fertilizer integration): Black plastic film was applied over the tree basin, with small furrows for rainwater collection and fertilizer application (combining rainwater harvesting and fertigation). (2) Fi (tree basin film mulching): Black plastic film was applied over the tree basin after fertilization, without furrow rainwater collection. (3) CK (clean tillage, control): No film mulching after fertilization, with conventional orchard management.