Spatiotemporally resolved ex vivo colorectal cancer development in engineered mini-colons (RNA-Seq Gpx2 KD)
Here we developed topobiologically complex mini-colons able to undergo tumorigenesis ex vivo by integrating microfabrication, optogenetic, and tissue engineering approaches. With this system, tumorigenic transformation can be spatiotemporally controlled by directing oncogenic activation through blue-light exposure, and emerging colon tumors can be tracked in real-time with single-cell resolution for several weeks without breaking the culture. These induced mini-colons display rich intra- and inter-tumoral diversity and recapitulate key pathophysiological hallmarks displayed by colorectal tumors in vivo. By fine-tuning cell-intrinsic and  extrinsic parameters, mini-colons can be leveraged to unveil tumorigenic determinants, including dietary patterns, microbiota-derived metabolites, and pharmacological therapies. Overall design: Gene expression profiling analysis of bulk RNA-seq data from control and Gpx2 knockdown colon organoids, both before and after blue light-mediated AKP oncogenic recombination.