The landscape of alternative polyadenylation during EMT and its regulation by the RNA-binding protein Quaking [PAT-seq]
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in tumour progression and is orchestrated by dynamic changes in gene expression. While it is well established that post-transcriptional regulation plays a significant role in EMT, the extent of alternative polyadenylation (APA) during EMT has not yet been explored. Using 3' end anchored RNA sequencing, we mapped the alternative polyadenylation landscape (APA) following TGF-ß-mediated induction of EMT in human mammary epithelial cells and found APA generally causes 3'UTR lengthening during this cell state transition. Investigation of potential mediators of APA indicated the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI), a splicing factor induced during EMT, regulates a small subset of events including the length of its own transcript. Analysis of QKI CLIP-seq data identified the binding of QKI within 3'UTRs was enriched near cleavage and polyadenylation sites. Following QKI knockdown, APA of many transcripts are altered to produce predominantly shorter 3'UTRs associated with reduced gene expression. These findings reveal the changes in APA that occur during EMT and identify a potential role for QKI in this process. Overall design: The Poly(A)-Test RNA-seq, or PAT-seq approach, was applied to total RNA isolated from HMLE, mesHMLE and mesHMLE (QKI knockdown) to determine gene expression and alternative polyadenylation. Total RNA was isolated and processed as previously published by Harrison et al 2015.