CRISPR-edited human ES-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells improve remyelination in rodents
In Multiple Sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinated lesions in the brain and spinal cord lead to neurodegeneration and progressive disability. Remyelination can restore fast saltatory conduction and neuroprotection but is inefficient in MS especially with increasing age, and is not yet improvable with therapies.  Intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) function contributes to remyelination failure, and we hypothesised that the transplantation of 'improved' OPCs, genetically edited to overcome these obstacles, could improve remyelination. Here, we edited human(h) embryonic stem cell-derived OPCs to be unresponsive to a chemorepellent released from chronic MS lesions, and transplanted them into rodent models of chronic lesions. Edited hOPCs displayed enhanced migration and remyelination compared to controls, regardless of the host age and length of time post-transplant. This study demonstrates that genetic manipulation and transplantation of hOPCs overcomes the negative environment inhibiting remyelination, with translational implications for therapeutic strategies for people with progressive MS. Overall design: We deleted Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) from hESC, as the receptor for SEMA3A. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate our NRP1 knock out line in GFP+ hESCs with gRNAs targeting exon 6 of NRP1 to generate a complete knock out of NRP1. The control line are the GFP+hESCs cells