From SNP associations to wild-type function: Dissecting the role of IFNAR2 gene in Wool Traits of Subo Merino Sheep regulation (Ovis aries)
(1) Background: Ultrafine wool commands high textile value, and screening molecular markers for wool trait regulation is pivotal for Subo Merino sheep breeding. IFNAR2 gene mediates immune and cellular activities, yet its role in modulating wool traits remains unelucidated. This study aimed to explore IFNAR2 gene regulatory function in the wool traits of Subo Merino sheep. (2) Methods: 944 sheep were genotyped via the Fluidigm Biomar HD system. Association analysis between IFNAR2 SNPs and wool traits was conducted, along with IFNAR2 expression detection in fine wool (FW) and ultrafine wool (UFW) tissues. Transcriptome sequencing of IFNAR2 overexpressing sheep dermal fibroblasts (SDFs) was performed, and cell functions were validated using CCK 8, wound healing and flow cytometry assays. (3) Results: Two missense IFNAR2 SNPs were identified, correlating significantly with key wool traits (P<0.05). IFNAR2 expression was higher in FW than UFW (P<0.001). Overexpressed IFNAR2 promoted SDF proliferation and migration, inhibited apoptosis, accelerated cell cycle, and altered 787 genes enriched in hair follicle development pathways. (4) Conclusions: IFNAR2 regulates Subo Merino wool traits by modulating hair follicle-related cellular processes, and its SNPs can act as potential molecular markers for ultra-fine wool sheep breeding.