Exploring Food-induced Obesity and Macrophage Related Differential Genes in Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat between Obese and Normal Individuals
As a serious public health problem nowadays, obesity and its complications are receiving gradually more attention, especially on how food-induced obesity causes the expansion of adipose tissue and leads to the occurrence of metabolic inflammation and infiltration of immune cells. It's still worth mentioning that numerous genes in adipose tissue which differ between obese and normal individuals in food-induced obesity were not insufficiently studied. Applying machine learning methods and natural language processing methods on transcriptome datasets and PubMed abstracts, we investigated 8 genes with differential expression and high association with macrophages in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue between obese and normal individuals, and meanwhile low correlation with leptin. Compared with normal group, Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and other subsequent animal experiments on the 8 filtered genes were applied in the adipose tissue of  C57BL/6J and OB/OB mice, we found that the expression of glycoprotein IX (GP9), MHC class I polypeptide related sequence B (MICB), CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1) and Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 (PRPF19)  in protein level were down-regulated in visceral fat of obese mice induced by high-fat diet. And these obese mice showed decreased levels of mannosidase alpha class 2B member 1 (MAN2B1) and  TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP) in their subcutaneous adipose tissue, while phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome pten (PTEN) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) had been sufficiently studied. The pattern in OB/OB mouse was dramatically different with these patterns. Through double immunofluorescence staining, it was found that all genes were co-localized with CD206, which was the marker of M1 and M2 macrophage in adipose tissue. Further interacting drugs for the genes were calculated and subsequently circumin and beta-catonin were proved to be interacting with these genes and functioned in inhibiting food-induced obesity. Further knowledge gragh was constructed to illustrate the relationship between obesity, filtered genes, drugs and related concepts. To summarize our findings, we discovered some new differential genes in adipose tissue which could potentially establish a new connection between adipose tissue macrophages and food-induced obesity. Furthermore, they offered unique insights into exploring the mechanism of adipose tissue genes related to food-induced obesity and related diseases. Overall design: In order to view the effect of beta-carotene on our filtered genes for subcutaneous and visceral fat, we performed RNA-seq for 8 groups with 5 samples for each group of C57BL/6J mouse.. The 8 gourps included 4 groups for subcutaneous fat and 4 groups for visceral fat for epididymis. The 4 group included  normal group, normal+drug group, high-fat diet group and high-fat+drug group. RNA-seq was afterwards performed on each group.