Whole-genome sequencing
Genomic DNA was extracted using the TIANGEN Yeast Genomic DNA Kit following bead-beating disruption. DNA concentration and purity were assessed by NanoDrop and Qubit dsDNA HS assay. Sequencing libraries (350 bp insert) were prepared and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq platform (PE150). Raw reads were quality-filtered using Trimmomatic , inspected with FastQC, and aligned to the S. cerevisiae S288C reference genome using BWA MEM.