Hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase treated soil microbial bacteria sequencing
Considering the valuable resources in food waste (FW), using hydrothermal carbonization has been proposed as an effective way. The liquid product aqueous phase (AP) is rich in nutrients and artificial dissolved organic matter (DOM), has been identified as a promising liquid fertilizer. However, the agronomic evaluation of plants and underlying mechanisms influencing soil fertility under successive application remain largely unexplored. In this study, three seasons of lettuce cultivation were conducted in greenhouse with diluted FW-derived AP, alongside tap water (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF).