Research on the gut microbiota of sea perch  Lateolabrax japonicus
This study explores the impact of Lactococcus lactis M48 supplementation on gut microbiota composition and its role in modulating antiviral immunity in sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) infected with sea perch iridovirus (SPIV). 16S rRNA gene sequencing of gut contents revealed significant shifts in microbial community structure following M48 treatment. SPIV infection altered microbiota, enriching pathogenic taxa like Achromobacter and Edwardsiella, while M48 supplementation restored beneficial taxa such as Brevinema and reduced Proteobacteria. Functional predictions indicated changes in metabolic pathways linked to host immunity. These results demonstrate that M48-mediated microbiota modulation contributes to enhanced antiviral resistance, highlighting the gut microbiome as a key mediator of probiotic efficacy.