Forensic tracing of tropical timber: delivering an operational service
Rationale. Combatting illegal trade in tropical timber requires effective tools to independently verify the geographic origin of timber based on wood characteristics. However, such forensic tools are currently not operational because (1) chemical tracing techniques have low spatial resolution, (2) DNA quality in traded timber is low, (3) statistical methods are not standardized and (4) international reference databases do not exist. In the proposed project, we aim to break down these barriers in order to deliver a timber tracing tool available for potential users (authorities, timber industry, NGOs and certifying bodies). Approach. We will study three major tropical timbers imported to the Netherlands: Meranti (Shorea spp), Azobé (Lophira alata) and Tali (Erythrophleum spp). We will collect samples from 1375 trees in >50 concessions across 8 countries. To increase spatial resolution of chemical tracing techniques (barrier 1), we combine analyses of 5 stable isotopes (d13C, d15N, d18O, d2H and d34S) and 60 trace and rare earth elements in wood samples. To overcome limitations due to low DNA quality in wood (barrier 2), we apply analysis of SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), instead of microsatellites. This will also increase the spatial resolution and statistical power of genetic tracing. In collaboration with international partners and potential users, we will thoroughly test statistical techniques and contribute to their standardization (barrier 3). Finally, we will contribute to developing an international timber reference database (barrier 4), that secures intellectual property rights and data quality. Expected outcome. The proposed project will deliver proof of concept for promising chemical and genetic techniques, standardized statistical methods and reference datasets for major timbers. The final product of the project is an operational timber tracing service, Timtrace, available to various groups of potential users.