Industrial-Scale Bioconversion of Three-Phase Residue by Musca domestica Larvae: Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Their Ecological Driver
Musca domestica larvae proved to be highly efficient bioconverters for transforming organic waste into valuable protein and fertilizer products. In this study, we examined the developmental dynamics of gut microbiota in industrially reared M. domestica larvae. Our results demonstrated that the larval gut microbiome underwent substantial restructuring throughout development: Ignatzschineria dominated as the primary symbiotic bacterium during early stages, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and functionally specialized microbes involved in nutrient assimilation became predominant in later phases. Microbial transmission analysis revealed that despite considerable environmental microbial acquisition during growth, the core microbiota was principally derived through vertical inheritance from the larvae themselves, with secondary contributions from feed sources. These discoveries provided crucial scientific guidance for enhancing industrial insect production systems via precision microbiome modulation approaches.