Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Gut Microbiota Modulates TGF-beta Signaling via Lactylated MOESIN to Remodel Regulatory T Cell/T Helper 17 Cell Balance and Ameliorate Diabetic Osteoporosis
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) represents a disorder characterized by disrupted metabolic and immune homeostasis, and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined with limited targeted therapeutic strategies available. In this study, we performed an integrated multi-omics investigation to clarify how fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) alleviates DOP progression. Our results indicate that gut microbiota remodeling promotes activation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway through lactylated MOESIN (L-MOESIN). This regulatory axis contributes to restoration of immune balance by modulating the ratio of regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17), ultimately improving diabetic osteoporosis-related pathological changes.