Similar metabolic pathways are affected in both Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 and Prader-Willi Syndrome
Loss of prolyl endopeptidase-like (PREPL) encoding a serine hydrolase with (thio)esterase activity leads to the recessive metabolic disorder Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 (CMS22). It is characterized by severe neonatal hypotonia, feeding problems, growth retardation, and hyperphagia leading to rapid weight gain later in childhood. The phenotypic similarities with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are striking, suggesting that similar pathways are affected. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in mouse models for both disorders and to examine mitochondrial function in skin fibroblasts of patients and knockout cell lines. We have demonstrated thatPreplis downregulated in the brains of neonatal PWS-IC deleted (PWS-ICdel)mice. In addition, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is similarly affected in bothPrepl knockoutand PWS-ICdelmice resulting in defective orexigenic signaling and growth retardation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mitochondrial function is altered inPREPLknockout HEK293T cells and can be rescued with the supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Finally, PREPL-deficient and PWS patient skin fibroblasts display defective mitochondrial bioenergetics. The mitochondrial dysfunction in PWS fibroblasts can be rescued by overexpression of PREPL. In conclusion, we provide the first molecular links between CMS22 and PWS, raising the possibility that PREPL substrates might become therapeutic targets for treating both disorders. Overall design: To investigate molecular similarities betweenCongenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 and Prader-Willi Syndrome, we used the brain tissues from two mouse models, Prepl knockout and PWS-IC deleted mice. 4 WT samples were compared with 4 knockout or deleted samples for each Prepl knockout and PWS-IC deletedmice. We then performed comparative gene expression profiling analysis using the data from RNA-seq of Prepl knockout and PWS-IC deleted mice with their respective controls