Metabolomic and Microbial Insights: Kai-Xin-San's Impact on Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
An increasing interest in the connection between AD, gut microbiota, and metabolites. Kai-Xin-San (KXS) has been commonly employed in ancient and modern Chinese clinical trials for the treatment of dementia; however, whether the protective effect of KXS in AD is related to the gut microbiota remains elusive. APP/PS1 mice were used as the model of AD. 43 key metabolites influenced by KXS were screened using untargeted metabolomics. At the genus level, Clostridium_IV, Eubacterium, Acetatifactor, etc were identified to be impacted by KXS using 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, we identified 9 distinct intestinal floras at the genus level that were correlated with 13 pivotal differential metabolites related to cognitive impairment. KXS also markedly inhibited the neuroinflammation, may via regulating the key metabolites. A potential relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites, and neuroinflammation is suggested as a protective mechanism of KXS in AD. These findings provide support for further development of KXS.