Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on microbial communities across plant and soil compartments in a temperate forest
In the context of global change, nitrogen deposition represents a major driver of forest ecosystem structure and functioning. Microbial communities, as key regulators of ecosystem processes, are susceptible to nitrogen inputs. However, a systematic understanding of how microbial communities in different niches respond to long-term nitrogen addition remains lacking. Therefore, to elucidate these patterns, we conducted a 14-year nitrogen addition field experiment in a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest and systematically evaluated changes in diversity, assembly mechanisms, and co-occurrence network characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, root endosphere, and leaf endosphere under four nitrogen addition levels.