Discovery of natural small-molecules to combat kidney fibrosis
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the greatest threats to public health, characterized by renal fibrosis. However, no treatment targeting renal fibrosis is available so far. Several natural diterpene compounds exhibit extraordinary inhibitory effects on TGF-ß1-induced renal fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis in UUO mouse model. RNA-sequencing reveals the signaling pathways affected by these compounds. The direct target of the compounds are explored via quantitative mass spectrometry.  Besides, the efficacies of the compounds are compared with pirfenidone, an FDA-approved drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is under clinical trials for treating CKD patients. Moreover, these compounds exhibit more potent anti-fibrotic activities than conventional CKD medications such as valsartan and enalapril.  Taken together, our study discovered that these diterpeniods alleviate kidney fibrosis by blocking the pro-fibrotic signaling pathway, which has great potential for the treatment of CKD. Overall design: Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq for rat renal fibroblast (NRK-49F) treated with TGF-ß1 or TGF-ß1+compound.  There are 3 biological replicates per sample.