Illumina MiSeq sequencing (16S rRNA gene and ITS gene)
The replant soil were collected from a 30-year-old apple orchard in Yangling District, Shanxi, China. We carried out a glasshouse experiment to test the tolerance of MdUGT88F1 transgenic apple lines and wild-type (WT) to ARD caused by Fpmd MR5. The experiment comprised five treatments: WT, MdUGT88F1-RNAi (Ri-3 and Ri-6), and MdUGT88F1-OE (OE2-7 and OE3-4) planted in replant soil.