scRNA-seq reveals the adverse effects of cDC3 in ulcerative colitis patients response  to IFX
We found that responders have different immune cell profiles from non-responders between Pre- and Post-IFX. Specifically, the proportion of cDC3 decreased in all responders after receiving IFX, whereas non-responders could not be distinguished from UC patients who had not received IFX. When further compared the difference of type 3 conventional dendritic cells (cDC3) from Pre- and Post- therapy of IFX, distinct transcriptomes were identified in responders, while no significantly different genes were found in cDC3 from non-responders.. The interactions analysis of ligands and receptors showed that the interactions between HLA-DPA1/DPB1 in fibroblast and TNFSF9 in cDC3, CD44 in fibroblast and TYROBP in cDC3 were significantly weakened in Post-R group compared with Pre-R group. Cell trajectory analysis demonstrated that the cells differentiated to cDC3 significantly decreased in the Post-R group, and the genes related MAPK signaling pathway obviously increased in these cells. We thus provide a resource detailing the dynamic changes in immune cells during IFX in UC patients, and identify the reduction of cDC3 with distinct functions as a potential signal for predicting the outcomes of IFX