Divergence of TORC1-mediated Stress Response Leads to Novel Acquired Stress Resistance in a Pathogenic Yeast
Acquired stress resistance (ASR) enables organisms to prepare for environmental changes that occur after an initial stressor. However, the genetic basis for ASR and how the underlying network evolved remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that a short phosphate starvation induces oxidative stress response (OSR) genes in the pathogenic yeast C. glabrata and protects it against a severe H2O2 stress; the same treatment, however, provides little benefit in the low pathogenic-potential relative, S. cerevisiae. This ASR involves the same transcription factors (TFs) as the OSR, but with different combinatorial logics. We show that Target-of- Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is differentially inhibited by phosphate starvation in the two species and contributes to the ASR via its proximal effector, Sch9. Therefore, evolution of the phosphate starvation-induced ASR involves the rewiring of TORC1's response to phosphate limitation and the repurposing of TF-target gene networks for the OSR using new regulatory logics. Overall design: To test the hypothesis that phosphate starvation induces oxidative stress response genes in C. glabrata, conferring protection for H2O2 as a secondary stress, we profiled the transcriptional response at 1 hour of phosphate starvation in C. glabrata and compared it with the response to the same treatment in S. cerevisiae from (Zhou and O'Shea 2011). Two biological replicates before phosphate starvation and 3 biological replicates at 1 hour after the start of the starvation were collected and processed.