Understanding the complex regulatory network of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis ) resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using comparative RNA-seq analysis.
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus), a crucial leguminous crop with high nutritional value for food and animal feed, is grown globally. Despite its nutritional benefits, lentil yields are often low due to various biotic and abiotic stressors. Among the biotic challenges, diseases such as wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum lentis, particularly impact its growth and yield. This study aimed to explore the complex molecular mechanisms behind lentil's resistance to wilt infection. Using advanced RNA sequencing technology, we analysed two genotypes, L4147 (resistant) and Vidhokar (susceptible), both inoculated with Fusarium spores. The RNA sequencing provided insights by comparing resistant and susceptible plants under different conditions. We identified a total of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in various biological processes, including defense responses. Key enriched pathways included secondary metabolite biosynthesis, metabolic processes, and plant-pathogen interactions. Several DEGs related to histones, ion activity, resistance genes, and metabolic functions showed differential expression, potentially enhancing the plant's defence mechanisms. We narrowed down the DEGs to 14, focusing on those with significant roles in defense, such as LRR receptor-like kinases, transcription factors, and pathogenesis proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed complex relationships among these proteins, involving cell cycle regulation, MAPK signalling, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Validation of 35 genes through RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR confirmed their relevance to the defense mechanism. This study, employing cutting-edge technology, provides comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of wilt resistance in lentils