Bacterial transcriptome sequencing
This study elucidates charge-dependent impacts of nanoplastics on Ethanoligenens harbinense YUAN-3, a hydrogen-producing anaerobic bacterium. Positively charged nanoparticles severely inhibited growth and metabolite production by inducing oxidative stress and suppressing ribosomal functions. Conversely, negatively charged particles triggered adaptive biofilm reinforcement through upregulation of adhesion and transporter genes. These findings reveal molecular mechanisms governing nanoplastic toxicity in anaerobic digestion systems, providing a framework for assessing environmental risks of engineered nanoparticles.