Bioactive Extracellular Polysaccharides (EPS) from Leptolyngbya sp. MKU-05 ameliorates on Gut Inflammation and Microbiome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a gut disorder and its prevalence is rising worldwide today due to "Western lifestyle" such as industrialization and urbanization, which causes high morbidity and healthcare costs. The incident of IBD is approximately 3.5 to 4.2 % annually. The main cause of IBD may due to colonization of some specified bacteria (pathogens) on the intestinal tract that mask the innate immune responses against the inflammation related disorders including Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Moreover, gut microbiome and its related metabolome of IBD'+' and IBD mice showed tremendous variation, which directly influences the severity of the inflammatory diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used for the treatment of IBD; however, the success rate is <50%. IBD patients are recommended to take high fiber carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids rich foods. Further, beneficial microbial EPS also act as intermediaries in the cross-talk between mammalian hosts and gut microbes, interacted with receptors located in the gut epithelium and are involved in the regulation of the host immune system. Cyanobacteria are rich with fiber rich EPS, omega-3 fatty acids and several bioactive metabolites proven with various biological activities. Little information is available for the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of EPS and other metabolites from freshwater cyanobacteria. Hence, the present investigation deals with the screening of bioactive exopolysaccharides produced by Leptolyngbya sp. MKU-05 and evaluate its bio-potentials on microbiome alterations in gut and its effect on gut inflammation, in DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mouse model.