Differentially expressed miRNAs in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients and their association to tau pathology.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major contributor to dementia in the elderly, characterized by progressive impairments in memory and behaviour. AD is marked by pathological hallmarks: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite extensive efforts to understand these hallmarks, there is still a lack of efficient therapeutic approaches due to limited knowledge of the fundamental cellular mechanisms underlying the disease. One potential avenue of research involves the investigation of the roles of non-coding RNAs, particularly, microRNAs (miRNAs), which bind to the 3' UTRs of target mRNAs to suppress expression. In our study, we analysed the temporal superior T1 isocortex of control and AD patients, identifying differentially expressed miRNAs using next-generation sequencing (NGS). To validate these findings, we utilized an additional technique, RT-qPCR. Overall, our study confirms the previous findings  on the dysregulation of miR-129-5p, miR-132-3p, and miR-146b-5p, while also providing novel insights into the dysregulation of miR-151a-5p and miR-1-3p. Importantly, the expression levels of miR-129-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-132-3p, and miR-151a-5p were significantly correlated with the neuropathological Braak stages and with biochemically quantified tau phosphorylation levels in brain homogenates. Additionally, we found that miR-146b-5p and miR-151a-5p significantly modulated tau seeding in tau biosensor cell model, highlighting their potential roles in tau pathology. Overall design: microRNA sequencing profile of postmortem brain samples (temporal superior T1 isocortex) from control and Alzheimer's diseases patients