Chromatin profiling reveals many transcriptional regulators of proliferation and differentiation of bovine satellite cells
Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle repair, remodeling, and maintenance. Like myoblasts, satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. In this study we aimed to identify the enhancers and the transcription factors binding to these enhancers that control gene expression in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells. Using ChIP-seq, we identified 56,973 and 54,470 active enhancers, genomic regions marked with both H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, and 50,956 and 59,174 repressed enhancers, genomic regions marked with H3K27me3, in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. Motif enrichment analyses revealed many transcription factors including the AP-1 family transcription factors that regulate gene expression in proliferating bovine satellite cells and many transcription factors besides MyoG that regulate gene expression in differentiating bovine satellite cells. Overall design: In this study we isolated satellite cells from skeletal muscle from two Angus-crossbred steers and cultured them in growth medium or differentiation medium. We used ChIP-seq to identify genomic regions marked with H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 in both proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells.