Administration of Clostridium butyricum Miyairi 588 Diversified Gut Microbiota and Enhanced Glycan Degrading Abilities among Patients of Small Bowel Transplantation
Probiotics have been found beneficial under many clinical circumstances.  Nevertheless few researches have ever addressed the effects of these special microbes among patients of small bowel transplantation (SBT).  In this study we had SBT recipients take Clostridium butyricum Miyairi 588 (CBM588) for one month.  Stool samples were collected at before, 1-week, and 1-month after administrations.  16S-based amplicons were subjected to next-generation sequencing for phylogenetic profiling.  We found significant shifts of bacteria compositions after one month.  Apparent ones included the decrease of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Enterobacteriaceae at the family level.  Functional inference with 16S-based microbiome extrapolations suggested significant enhancement of glycan-degrading capabilities with CBM588 ingestions.  Metagenomes from shot-gun sequencing confirmed the conjecture, showing both diversified capabilities and increased quantities of carbohydrate-active proteins.  The improvements spread beyond the enzyme categories directly offered by the CBM588 genome.  In sum, we offered analytical results of stool microbiota from SBT patients taking CBM588 for one month.  Clinical safety and beneficial effects were demonstrated at perspectives of both microbe compositions and metagenome functions.  CBM588-enhanced carbohydrate-processing capabilities well exemplified a metabolic driver potential of probiotics upon the bacteria ecosystem in human bowels.