Effect of  rice fermentation and succinic acid on gene expression of human dermal fibroblasts irradiated with UVA
Skin aging caused by UV is called photoaging, which is characterized by deeper wrinkles accompanied by senescence of dermal fibroblasts and reduction of collagens. Rice fermentation, widely used in the cosmetics, has been reported to possess anti-aging benefits on skincare, however, its roles in the skin photoaging remains unclear. In this study, the effects of Maifuyin (a rice fermentation), and its ingredients succinic acid (SA) and choline on UVA-induced senescence in fibroblasts were evaluated. A mRNA sequencing technology (RNA-seq) was applied to study the effects of these ingredients on UVA-induced photoaging. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential use of Maifuyin and SA as promising agents for anti-photoaging applications. Overall design: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), derived from human skin specimens, were used for experiments between 5 and 15 passages. Processing with 1 mg/mL Maifuyin and 1 mg/mL succinic acid, HDFs were exposed to 2 J/cm2 UVA irradiation and incubated with new serum-free medium for 3 h. Next, cells were washed twice with PBS and mRNAs were isolated from cell cultures using the Trizol method. mRNA-sequecing (n = 3) were completed by Novogene Inc on the Illumina Genome Analyzer under strict quality control.