High-throughput single cell omics using semipermeable capsules
Biological systems are inherently complex and heterogeneous. Deciphering this complexity increasingly relies on high-throughput analytical methods and tools that efficiently probe the cellular phenotype and genotype. While recent advancements have enabled various single-cell -omics assays, their broader applications are inherently limited by the challenge of efficiently conducting multi-step biochemical assays while retaining various biological analytes. Extending on our previous work, here we present a versatile technology based on semi-permeable capsules (SPCs), tailored for a variety of high-throughput nucleic acid assays, including digital PCR, genome sequencing, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and FACS-based sorting of individual transcriptomes based on nucleic acid marker of interest. Being biocompatible, the SPCs support single-cell cultivation and clonal expansion over long periods of time – a fundamental limitation of droplet microfluidics systems. Using SPCs we perform scRNA-Seq on white blood cells from patients with hematopoietic disorders and demonstrate that capsule-based sequencing approach (CapSeq) offers superior transcript capture, even for the most challenging cell types. By applying CapSeq on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples, we uncover notable changes in transcriptomes of mature granulocytes and monocytes associated with blast and progenitor cell phenotypes. Accurate representation of the entirety of the cellular heterogeneity of clinical samples, driving new insights into the malfunctioning of the innate immune system, and ability to clonally expand individual cells over long period of time, positions SPC technology as customizable, highly sensitive and broadly applicable tool for easy-to-use, scalable single-cell -omics applications. Overall design: Human blood samples were collected from healthy and sick patients from the Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos Biobank (Vilnius, Lithuania) with a bioethics committee approval Nr. 2024/4-1583-1039. Samples were collected from a total of 8 AML patients, 8 neutropenia patients, 5 G-CSF stimulated donors, and 4 healthy donors.