The first Crambidae phylogeny including all 15 subfamilies
Crambidae form one part of a basal dichotomy within Pyraloidea (“snouth moths”) and include with over 10'000 described species about two third of their diversity. They can be best separated from their sister-group, the Pyralidae, by the morphology of the tympanal organs and the chaetotaxy of the larvae. We present the first molecular phylogeny of Crambidae including all subfamilies currently recognized in the group. We make use of molecular data available from two previous major studies and published transcriptomes or genomes, compiling ten genes totalling 11247 bp. Additionally, up to eight genes are sequenced for thirty-nine taxa, with Catharinae, Cybalomiinae and Linostinae sampled for the first time. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses recover topologies mostly agreeing with that of Regier et al. (2012), with several groupings showing better support. Catharinae and Cybalomiinae are recovered in a clade containing the Glaphyriinae and Odontinae. Linostinae are assigned either to the latter clade, or to the “CAMMSS clade”. Lathrotelinae were recovered monophyletic and sister to the Musotiminae in the Bayesian analysis. Position of Hoploscopini as sister to ((Crambinae + Erupini) + (Scopariinae + Heliothelinae)) render Heliothelinae paraphyletic and induces elevation of Hoploscopini to Hoploscopinae stat. n. Strong support was obtained for the Heliothelinae s. str. as sister to the Scopariinae. Evolution of host plant preferences are discussed.