Dosage and timing both matter: promoting synergism in carrier enhanced microalgal-bacterial granules by external bicarbonate
Microalgal-bacterial biofilm formed on small-sized carriers could develop carrier-enhanced microalgal-bacterial granules (CEMBGs) and overcome the long establishment obstacle in conventional microalgal bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) systems. To unveil the importance of fine-tuning external IC application, this study investigated the influence of both external bicarbonate dosage and addition timing on CEMBGs growth characteristics, microalgal photosynthesis properties, microalgal-bacterial interactions, pollutants removal performances, community shifts, and C/P/N metabolism pathways.