THP-1 derived Macrophages (M0) polarization to M1, M2a and M2d phenotype
Macrophage polarization is a pivotal phenomenon influencing all stages of cancer progression. Particularly, Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are classified into M1 (anti-tumoral) and M2 (pro-tumoral) macrophages. Within the M2 category, subtypes M2a and M2d are recognized as significant models for TAMs, with M2d macrophages closely resembling TAMs in vitro. Herein, we induced M0, M1, M2a, and M2d phenotypes in THP-1 cells, generating THP-1 derived macrophages. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed distinct phenotypic signatures, with M2d macrophages exhibiting an upregulation of TAM-related marker genes at the mRNA level, distinguishing them from M2a macrophages. Our findings present a valuable resource for investigating M2d macrophages, providing a nuanced in vitro model for TAMs in contrast to the well-established M2a macrophages. This comprehensive characterization will be helpful in quest of understanding of macrophage diversity and offers insights into their role in cancer progression.