The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is a critical regulatory element of mRNA that governs pre-initiation complex assembly and directly influences protein expression levels, making it an important target for rational design
mRNA-based therapeutics represent a highly promising platform for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, further optimization is required to improve mRNA stability and translational efficiency. The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is a critical regulatory element that governs pre-initiation complex assembly and directly influences protein expression levels, making it an important target for rational design. The diverse challenges facing mRNA therapeutics necessitate the development of improved 5' UTR elements adaptable to specific applications.