Indonesia Sumatra soil Targeted loci environmental
Litter and rhizosphere are critical microhabitats that supply resources to soil food webs. However, microhabitat-specific responses of microorganisms to land-use change remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed how protists across litter, rhizosphere and bulk soil along a land-use intensification gradient from rainforest to shrubland to rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia.