Adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate and adenosine triphosphate signaling in THP-1 macrophages.
The endogenous nucleotide adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (Ap4) has emerged as a potent vasoconstrictor. Despite its structural similarity to the danger signal adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the immunomodulatory effects of Ap4 remain unclear. To gain a deeper insight into the biological processes underlying Ap4- and ATP-mediated responses, RNA-sequence analysis of transcriptional changes in THP-1 macropahges was performed. After 3 hours of stimulation with Ap4 or ATP, THP-1 macrophages showed significant changes in RNA expression compared to the unstimulated control. Overall design: THP-1 macrophages were timulated with Ap4 or ATP for 3 hours. Unstimulated cells served as control.