Shotgun metagenome Profiling of Freshwater Snails
The freshwater snail Cipangopaludina lecythis holds both ecological and medicinal importance, yet its microbiome remains unexplored. This study presents the first shotgun metagenomic profiling of edible tissues of C. lecythis. Illumina HiSeq sequencing generated over 42 million high-quality reads, revealing 38 bacterial phyla dominated by Pseudomonadota (32%), followed by Bacillota and Actinomycetota. At the genus level, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Actinobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces were prevalent. Functionally important genera such as Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Pseudoalteromonas which are known for their probiotic and immunomodulatory properties were also detected. The dominant species included Pseudomonas sp. REST10, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptomyces sp. T12, many of which were associated with fermentation and host microbe interactions. Interestingly, the microbial profiles differed from those in marine snails, indicating environment-specific microbiome signatures. Functional annotation revealed key enzymes including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) and malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, involved in fatty acid metabolism and energy regulation. Enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and arylacetamide deacetylase were also detected, along with chitinase and chitin synthases, suggesting host microbe interactions in chitin metabolism. High alpha diversity showed a rich and functional microbiome. Overall, this study highlights the metabolic potential and ecological relevance of the C. lecythis microbiome, supporting its application in biotechnology and nutraceutical industry.