Zika virus reinfection events evidenced through intra-host genomic diversity and  antibody response analysis
Here we generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 individuals who had samples longitudinally collected for up to one year. Phylogenetic inferences clustered these genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from Northern Brazil, showing that ZIKV has been maintained relatively stable over time. Phylogenetic and intra-host analysis evidenced a limited diversity among the majority of ZIKV persistent infected individuals. However, we detected distinct ZIKV lineages and an unusual virus diversity from at least five individuals, uncovering the existence of divergent genomes within the same subject. All these individuals showed an increase 1  in neutralizing antibody levels, followed by a decline at the convalescent phase of ZIKV infection. Interestingly, in three individuals, titers of neutralizing antibodies increased again after six months of ZIKV infection, concomitantly to rRT-PCR re-positivity, confirming ZIKV reinfection. Altogether, our findings are highly supportive of the occurrence of ZIKV reinfection events in an endemic area.