urine metagenome Metagenome
From October to December 2022, we recruited 66 participants at The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, including 45 upper urinary tract calculi formers and 21 age-matched healthy volunteers who were undergoing routine physical examinations at the same institution. Urolithiasis patients were identified via ultrasonography, in combination with either computed tomography, abdominal plain film, or intravenous pyelography. The presence of urinary calculi was subsequently confirmed during endoscopic surgery, with the chemical composition of the calculi being analyzed through infrared spectroscopy.