Transcriptomic characterisation of transitioning cell types in the skin of Atlantic salmon
Background The skin maintains the body's integrity and serves as the first line of defence against pathogens, stressors and mechanical injuries. Despite the global significance of salmon in aquaculture, how cells transcriptomic profile varies during wound healing, remains unexplored. Teleost contain adult pluripotent cells that differentiate into various tissues, including bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, adipose, dermis, muscle and connective tissue within the skin. These cells are pivotal for preserving the integrity of skin tissue throughout an organism´s lifespan and actively participate in the wound healing processes. In this study, we characterise the transcriptomic profiles of putative mesenchymal stromal cells (fibroblast-like adult stem cells) in healthy Atlantic salmon tissue and during the wound healing process. Results Single-nucleus sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were used to detect transcriptomic changes occurring during wound healing that are commonly associated with mesenchymal stromal cells. We followed the transcriptomic activity of these cells during an in vivo wound healing time course study showing that these cells become more transcriptionally active during the remodelling stage of wound healing. The changes detected give insights into the potential differentiation pathways leading to osteogenic and fibroblast lineages in the skin of Atlantic salmon. Conclusions We chart the transcriptomic activity of sub-clusters of putative differentiating stromal cells during the process of wound healing for the first time, revealing different spatial niches of the various putative MSC subclusters, and setting the stage for further investigation of the manipulation of transitioning cell types to improve fish health. KEYWORDS: Salmo salar, skin, mesenchymal stromal cells, single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, wound healing, spatial niche. Overall design: Skin from both the body and fins of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was analyzed using snRNA-seq.