Pariaconus psyllid endosymbionts, from Kauai'i
Microbial symbionts of Pariaconus psyllid species from Kuaui'i. Pariaconus species have undergone a rapid adaptive radiation on the Hawaiian Islands, evolving various galling and free-living ecologies on a single host plant species, Metrosideros polymorpha. Psyllids on Kuaui'i are among the oldest lineages in Hawai'i.