METTL3 dependent m6A RNA methylation is required for self-renewal and cell identity maintenance of human trophoblast stem cells
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA modification with diverse regulatory functions in mammalian cells. However, its significance in the human trophoblast lineage and human placenta development remains largely unexplored. Here, we found that in human pregnancy, METTL3 and METTL14, the primary enzymes responsible for m6A deposition, specifically mark cytotrophoblast cells in the human placenta. By utilizing a METTL3 inducible knockout (iKO) system, we demonstrated the essential role of METTL3 in generating human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) from human expanded potential stem cells (hESPCs). Furthermore, METTL3 is critical for the self-renewal ability and cellular identity in the established hTSCs. Mechanistically, METTL3-dependent m6A modification regulates histone modifiers such as EP300 and EZH2 to maintain the epigenetic homeostasis of hTSCs. The depletion of METTL3 in hTSCs results in epigenetic dysregulation, leading to activation of inflammation and premature senescence, which are associated with the preeclampsia phenotype. Notably, our findings from in vitro model show that inhibiting EP300 could efficiently rescue the preeclampsia signature at the transcriptomic level. These results underscore the critical roles of METTL3-dependent m6A RNA methylation in human placentation and the development of placental diseases. Overall design: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze global gene expression profiles in P0 and P2 hEPSCs after Dox removal, as well as in differentiated day 3 cells cultured in TSCM with or without Dox.