Ginsenoside Rd2 improves allergic asthma by inhibiting PTGS2 enzyme activit
This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of mountain-grown ginseng in allergic asthma and to systematically identify and characterize bioactive monomeric compounds responsible for these effects. We found that total saponins from mountain-grown ginseng significantly alleviated asthmatic phenotypes. Further multi-omics analyses revealed that these effects may be mediated through modulation of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, particularly by regulating the enzymatic activity of the rate-limiting enzyme PTGS2, thereby suppressing the production of PGE2.Subsequent component identification using high-performance liquid chromatography, combined with computational modeling, identified ginsenoside Rd2 as a key bioactive compound. In vitro cellular experiments, together with site-directed mutagenesis of the predicted binding sites, further confirmed that Rd2 exerts inhibitory effects on PTGS2 enzymatic activity through specific molecular interactions.Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the anti-asthmatic effects of mountain-grown ginseng and highlight Rd2 as a promising bioactive compound targeting PTGS2, offering potential therapeutic value for allergic asthma.