SMAD4 regulates the progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) by modulating the expression of STING1
SMAD4 regulates the expression of STING1 through its transcription  regulating function. Dual low expression of STING1 and SMAD4 had more power in  predicting patient survival. These results indicate that SMAD4-silenced CCA may  downregulate its STING1 expression to adapt to the immune system. Overall design: Genome expression after SMAD4 knockdown in cholangiocarcinoma cells.