Fermented Rapeseed By-Products in Total Mixed Rations Improve Fiber and Nitrogen Utilization and Rumen Function and in Hu Sheep: A Multi-Omics Investigation
Metagenomic analysis indicated enhanced carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in rumen microbes from the FTMR group, reflected by increased abundances of cellulase-related genes (GH3, GH2, GH43, GH31, GH5, GH51) and amino acid synthesis genes (gdhA, gltB, gltD). In conclusion, fermenting rapeseed by-products in total mixed ration with a microbial cocktail improved its quality and nutrients utilization, which was attributed to enhanced rumen carbohydrate degradation function and microbial protein synthesis in sheep.