Effects of short-term exposure to ferrous sulfate on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress biomarkers, immunity,  and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei
Acute toxicity tests established the 96-h median lethal concentration of Fe at 2.52 mg/L, determined across exposure intervals of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96-h at nominal concentrations ranging from 0.2, 1.0, 5.0, 25.0, 125.0, and 625.0 mg/L.