Menstrual cycle-dependent expression of tRNA-derived fragments in healthy human endometrium and uterine fluid-derived extracellular vesicles
The human endometrium undergoes cyclical remodeling essential for embryo implantation, under the control of coordinated hormonal regulation. While key mediators of endometrial receptivity have been identified, the role of small non-coding RNAs especially transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in modulating these processes remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the composition and dynamic regulation of tRFs in endometrial tissue and uterine fluid-derived extracellular vesicles (UF-EVs) across the menstrual cycle of healthy women.