Comparative chloroplast genomics reveals maternal lineage evolution in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)
Chloroplast genomes provide valuable insights into plant evolutionary history due to their predominantly maternal inheritance and relatively conserved structure. This study presents a comprehensive collection of chloroplast genomic data from Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), encompassing a broad range of accessions representing wild, semi-domesticated, and commercial populations. Samples were collected across diverse geographic regions and ecological contexts to capture the extent of chloroplast genetic variation associated with domestication and breeding history.  High-throughput sequencing data were generated for individual accessions, and complete or near-complete chloroplast genomes were assembled and analyzed. The resulting dataset enables comparative analyses of chloroplast haplotype diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and population structure, with a particular focus on tracing maternal lineages and evaluating the impact of domestication and selection on chloroplast genetic diversity.  This study provides a foundational genomic resource for investigating oil palm evolution, phylogeography, and domestication history, and supports future research on maternal inheritance patterns, germplasm conservation, and breeding strategies in oil palm and related species.