Neonates Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) feces Raw sequence reads
There were significant differences in the beta diversity of the gut microbiome at the class and family levels between groups (p=0.018, 0.03). Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Klebsiella, Cutibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, and Bacillus were found to have significant disparities between groups. Nontargeted metabolomics revealed 214 different metabolites between groups; the enriched pathways mainly included protein and mineral absorption, tryptophan, and galactose metabolism. KEGG pathways analysis showed that tryptophan metabolism, serotonin pathway, and benzoate degradation were associated with neonatal CMPA occurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the AUC of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was 0.69, the AUC of the metabolite tryptophan and genipic acid was 0.85 and 0.85, respectively, and the AUC of the combined microbiome and metabolite was 0.95 for distinguishing CMPA.