Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3 (CTD clone #1) and CTDtrpB- (DV7F10)
Generation of targeted Chlamydia trachomatis null mutants
Genome sequence analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3 clone #1 and the EMS mutant strain DV7F10
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that infects hundreds of millions of individuals globally causing blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease. More effective chlamydial control measures are needed but progress towards this end has been severely hampered by the lack of a tenable chlamydial genetic system. Here, we describe a high throughput reverse genetic approach to create isogenic C. trachomatis mutants. C. trachomatis was subjected to low-level ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis to generate chlamydiae that contained less then one mutation per genome. Mutagenized organisms were expanded in small sub-populations that were screened for mutations by digesting denatured and re-annealed PCR amplicons of the target gene with the mismatch specific endonuclease CEL I. Sub-populations with mutations were then sequenced for the target region and plaque cloned if the desired mutation was detected. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by isolating a tryptophan synthase gene (trpB) null mutant that was otherwise isogenic to its parental clone as shown by de novo genome sequencing. The mutant was incapable of avoiding the anti-microbial effect of interferon-? induced tryptophan starvation. The ability to genetically manipulate chlamydiae is a major advancement that will enhance our understanding of chlamydial pathogenesis and accelerate the development of new anti-chlamydial therapeutic control measures. Additionally, this strategy could be applied to other medically important bacterial pathogens with no or difficult genetic systems.