GSE158245
The response of intestinal microbiota and immunity to increasing dietary iron in piglets
Iron is an essential metal for both animals and microbiota, and neonates and infants of humans and animals, in general, are at the risk of iron insufficient. However, excess dietary iron usually causes negative impacts on the host and microbiota. This study aimed to investigate over-loaded dietary iron supplementation on growth performance, the distribution pattern of iron in the gut lumen and the host, intestinal microbiota, and intestine gene expression profile of piglets. Sixty healthy weaning piglets were randomly assigned to six groups: fed with diets supplemented with ferrous sulfate monohydrate at the dose of 50ppm (Fe50 group), 100ppm (Fe100 group), 200ppm (Fe200 group), 500ppm (Fe500 group), and 800ppm (Fe800) for three weeks. The results indicated that increasing iron had no effects on growth performance but increased diarrheal risk and iron deposition in intestinal digesta, tissues of intestine and liver, and serum. High iron also reduced serum iron-binding capacity, apolipoprotein, and immunoglobin A. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that iron changed colonic gene expression profile, such as interferon gamma-signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 based anti-virus and bacteria gene network. Increasing iron also shifted cecal and colonic microbiota, such as reducing alpha diversity, Clostridiales and Lactobacillus reuteri, and increasing Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Collectively, this study demonstrated that high dietary iron increased diarrheal incidence, changed intestinal immune response-associated gene expression, and shifts gut microbiota. The results would enhance our knowledge of iron effects on the gut and microbiome in piglets, and further contribute to understanding these aspects in humans. Overall design: Sixty healthy weaning piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Landrace, 21 days old, average body weight 6.58kg)were randomly assigned to six groups: Fe50, Fe100, Fe200, Fe500, and Fe800 groups. The piglets in Fe50 group were fed on a corn and soybean meat-based diet supplemented with 50 ppm ferrous sulphate, while the diets of piglets in Fe100, Fe200, Fe500, and Fe800 were fed our formula supplemented with 100, 200, 500, and 800 ppm ferrous sulfate monohydrate, separately. This experiment was last for 21 days. The piglets were sacrificed on the day21 for collection of blood, liver tissue, intestinal tissue (including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon), and digesta of cecum and colon.Ten colonic samples from Fe50 group (five samples) and Fe800 group (five samples)were set to RNA-Seq-based reference transcriptome analysis.