GSE209615
Single-cell transcriptome Atlas reveals protective characteristics of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine [bulk RNA-seq]
mRNA vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines in many aspects. We previously developed a lipopolyplex (LPP)-based mRNA vaccine (SW0123) that demonstrated robust immunogenicity and strong protective capacity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in both mice and rhesus macaques. However, the immune profiles and mechanisms of pulmonary protection induced by SW0123 remain unclear. Through high-resolution single cell analysis, we found that SW0123 vaccination effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages and increasing the frequency of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). In addition, the apoptotic process in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells was significantly inhibited, which was proposed to be one major mechanism contributing to vaccine-induced lung protection. Cell-cell interaction in lung compartment was also altered by vaccination. These data collectively unraveled the mechanisms by which the SW0123 protects against lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.  reduces cardiac function, leading to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. However, the early neonatal mice have a strong ability in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration after heart damage such as apical resection. Besides of cardiomyocytes, non-myocytes in heart tissue also play important roles in the regeneration process. Previous studies showed that cardiac macrophages, regulatory T cells and CD4+ T cells are all involved in regulating the myocardial regeneration process. However, the roles of other cardiac immune cells in cardiac regeneration remains to be elucidated.  B cells is a prominent immune cell in injured heart; here we discovered the indispensable function of cardiac B cells in improving cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration in neonatal mice. Overall design: Rhesus macaques received three doses of mRNA vaccine SW0123 or PBS. Then rhesus macaque were challenged by SARS-CoV-2 2 weeks after the last vaccination. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from rhesus amcaques were collected 1 week post SARS-CoV-2 infection.