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Apple endophytes from leaf scars
Bacterial and fungal endophytes may help their host in terms of improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and enhanced growth. European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is widespread in apple growing regions; infection by N. ditissima is through artificial or natural wounds, including leaf scars, picking wounds and pruning cuts.
Bacterial and fungal endophytes may help their host in terms of improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and enhanced growth. European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is widespread in apple growing regions; infection by N. ditissima is through artificial or natural wounds, including leaf scars, picking wounds and pruning cuts.