GSE116855
Maintenance of CTCF and transcription factor-mediated interactions from gametes to the early mouse embryo (ChIP-seq)
Mechanisms by which the mammalian gametes encode epigenetic information that can be transmitted to the progeny are relatively unknown. We find that many sperm promoters in mouse sperm are occupied by phosphorylated forms of RNA polymerase II and the Mediator complex. Analysis of ATAC-seq data suggest that the same promoters are occupied by components of the transcription complex in GV and MII oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, distal ATAC-seq sites containing transcription factor motifs are conserved in monkeys and humans. ChIP-seq analyses confirm that transcription factors, including FoxA1 and the androgen and estrogen receptors, occupy distal enhancers. These sites and their interactions with promoters in the gametes are maintained in the early embryo. Additionally, sperm- or oocyte-specific interactions mediated by CTCF/cohesin are only present in the paternal or maternal chromosome, respectively in the zygote and 2-cell stages. These interactions converge in both chromosomes by the 8-cell stage. These results suggest that the mammalian gametes contain a large repertoire of transcription factors that organize a complex pattern of 3D interactions and can be transmitted to the zygote after fertilization. Overall design: Analysis of transcription factors in sperm by ChIP-seq