GSE115081
Probiotic Bacillus subtilis CW14 Reduces the Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Toxicity of Ochratoxin A to Caco-2 cells
The multiple toxic effects of Ochratoxin A(OTA) are a real threat for human beings and animal health. It has been suggested that probiotic improve the epithelial barrier disruption and reduce cell damage induced by mycotoxins. However, the exact effect and mechanism of probiotic Bacillus subtilis CW14 on epithelial barrier function is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether B. subtilis CW14 could protect against OTA-induced barrier disruption and cell damage in human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2). The results showed that OTA was absorbed efficiently in Caco-2 cells, led to microvilli disruption and tight junction protein(ZO-1 and claudin-1) damage, and suppressed cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle in G2/M phase and promoting apoptosis. The addictive of B. subtilis CW14 strains could partially reversed the tight junction injury by improving the ZO-1 protein expression and reduced the apoptosis induced by OTA. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis data indicated that OTA mainly down-regulated the gene expression involved in tight junctions, cell cycle, and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. While the B. subtilis CW14 has the potential to protect epithelial barrier through activating the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and could partially repair the OTA damage by down-regulating the TRAIL death receptor genes and up-regulating the DNA repair genes. Our findings suggest an important implication for the role of B. subtilis CW14 on the regulation of tight junction proteins and reduction cell death in intestine epithelial cells, and that is a potential candidate as a food additive to protect against intestinal damage. Overall design: Four groups, three replicates (12 arrays in total):1. Control group×3; 2. B. subtilis CW14 treatment group×3; 3. OTA treatment group×3; 4. OTA and B. subtilis CW14 co-treatment group×3.