GSE176171
A single cell atlas of human adipose tissue
White adipose tissue (WAT), once regarded as morphologically and functionally bland, is now recognized to be dynamic, plastic, heterogenous, and involved in a wide array of biological processes including energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid handling, blood pressure control, and host defense.  High fat feeding and other metabolic stressors cause dramatic changes in adipose morphology, physiology, and cellular composition, and alterations in adiposity are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we provide detailed cellular atlases of human and murine subcutaneous and visceral white fat at single cell resolution across a range of body weight.  We identify subpopulations of adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs), vascular, and immune cells and demonstrate commonalities and differences across species and dietary conditions.  We link specific cell types to increased risk of metabolic disease, and we provide an initial blueprint for a comprehensive set of interactions between individual cell types in the adipose niche in leanness and obesity.  These data comprise an extensive resource for the exploration of genes, traits, and cell types in the function of WAT across species, depots, and nutritional conditions. Overall design: Human samples: at BIDMC, potential subjects were recruited in a consecutive fashion, as scheduling permitted, from the gynecological, vascular, and general surgery rosters. Male and female subjects over the age of 18 undergoing elective plastic surgery procedures and free of other acute medical conditions were included and provided written informed consent preoperatively. Excess adipose tissue from the surgical site was collected at the discretion of the surgeon during the normal course of the procedure. The exclusion criteria were any subjects taking thiazolidinediones, chromatin-modifying enzymes such as valproic acid, anti-retroviral medications, and drugs known to induce insulin resistance such as mTOR inhibitors or systemic steroid medications. At UPMC, inclusion criteria were patients receiving bariatric surgery or lean controls ages 21-60, exclusion criteria were diagnosis of diabetes (type 1 or type 2), pregnancy, alcohol or drug addiction, bleeding or clotting abnormality, or inflammatory abdominal disease. All patients provided written informed consent preoperatively. Excess adipose tissue from the surgical site was collected at the discretion of the surgeon during the normal course of the procedure. 200-500 mg samples were flash frozen immediately after collection for downstream processing.  Mouse samples: Male and female C57Bl/6J 16-week old high fat diet fed (JAX 380050) and chow fed (JAX 380056) mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and maintained on 60% high fat diet (Research Diets, D12492) or chow diet (8664 Harlan Teklad, 6.4% wt/wt fat), respectively, for three weeks before sacrifice. Mice were maintained under a 12 hr light/12hr dark cycle at constant temperature (23ºC) with free access to food and water. >>> Submitter declares that the human samples' raw data will be deposited in dbGaP due to patient privacy concerns. <<<