GSE128596
Application of Next Generation Sequencing (RNA-seq and miRNA-seq) to study the molecular signature of Aluminium hydroxide adjuvant in ovine encephalon. [miRNA-Seq]
We report the application of miRNA sequencing technology for high-throughput profiling of the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant mechanism of action in an in vivo experiment on sheep.  We mapped about 13.1 million sequence reads per sample to the sheep genome (build Oar3.1) and identified 299 miRNAs in the encephalon of sheep treated with commercial vaccines, with the adjuvant alone or with PBS (control group). A total of 2, 38 and 7 differentialy expressed miRNAs were identified in the Vaccine vs. Control, Adjuvant vs. Control and Adjuvant vs. Vaccine comparisons, respectively. Furthermore, miRNA target prediction was performed and it was integrated with previous RNA-seq data in the same animals to predict reliable miRNA-mRNA interactions. Previously reported miRNAs related to brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases were found differentially expressed. Within the negatively correlated targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs there are factors that are clearly related with mitochondria, to maintenance of neuronal polarity and axon growth and to apoptosis. Taken together, our analysis provides characterization of alterations in the miRNAome caused by the aluminium adjuvant alone, while the commercial vaccine not cause great changes, and identifies some targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs which have been previously linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Aluminum might be causing an imbalance in metal ion levels, among them Mg, in the parietal lobe cortex of animals vaccinated with the adjuvant alone. Overall design: Encephalon miRNA profiles of thirteen age-matched Rasa sheep after inoculation of nine different commercial vaccines based of aluminium hydroxide (the vaccine group composed of 4 animals), with the aluminium adjuvant alone in an equivalent dose (the adjuvant group composed of 4 animals) or PBS (the control group composed of 5 animals) were generated by deep sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencer.