GSE126212
Integrative and Quantitative Analysis of Tumor Progression Reveals Fundamental Properties of Glioblastoma
The principle of tumor growth is one of the most fundamental aspects in cancer biology and it remains to be superficially understood. Here we developed a set of genetic and mathematical tools for integrative analysis of mouse glioblastoma (GBM) progression. Quantitative temporal imaging of mouse GBM and mathematical modeling suggest that mouse GBM grows exponentially, which led to the discovery that a sustainable exponential growth requires outward migrating brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). Quantitative single cell tracing of BTSCs in vivo unravels symmetric expansion of BTSCs, asymmetric differentiation, and a non-reversible differentiation process during tumor progression. Mosaic tracing of BTSCs and non-BTSCs reveals cellular dynamic changes and turnover. These experimentally collected parameters were integrated step by step to a quantitative mathematical model of GBM growth, which faithfully predicts tumor cellular architecture, tumor response to chemotherapy and BTSC therapy. Bulk and single cell RNA-Seq reveals distinct molecular hierarchy and molecular heterogeneity in BTSCs, which was confirmed by analyzing human GBM single-cell RNA-Seq results. This study reveals fundamental developmental principles that govern tumor growth, which provides insights into understanding cancer development, tumor heterogeneity and GBM therapy. Overall design: We performed Tlx and H3K27ac Chip-seq experiments in Neural stem cells and Brain tumour stem cells cultures.