GSE106337
Exploring the sound-modulated delay in tomato ripening through expression analysis of RNA.
We evaluated the molecular mechanism underlying this delaying fruit ripening by performing RNA-sequencing analysis of tomato fruits at 6 h, 2 days (d), 5 d and 7 d after 1 kHz sound vibration treatment. Differentially expressed genes revealed that some of these genes are involved in plant hormone and cell wall modification processes. Ethylene and cytokinin biosynthesis and signalling genes were downregulated by sound vibration treatment, whereas genes involved in flavonoid, phenylpropanoid and glucan biosynthesis were upregulated. Our results indicate that sound vibration helps delay fruit ripening through the sophisticated regulation of RNAs and transcription factor genes. Overall design: Total RNA was isolated using an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The quality and integrity of the RNA were confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining, followed by visual examination under ultraviolet light. The sequencing library was prepared using a TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation kit v2 (Illumina, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. In brief, mRNA was purified from total RNA using poly-T oligo-attached magnetic beads, fragmented and converted into cDNA. After the ligation of adapters, the fragments were amplified by PCR. Sequencing was performed on paired end reads (2×150 bp) using the HiSeq-2000 platform (Illumina).