Antibiotic Resistance metagenomes
Titanium - Pyrosequencing detection of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance bacteria from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Seoul.
Titanium-Pyroseqeuncing Detection of Multiple-Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Seoul.    Shankar Congeevaram*, Park Joonhong  WCU - Center for Green Metagenomics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.      Abstract  The aquarance and increase of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms present in environmental water bodies raises concerns on risk to public health. Especially multiple antibiotic resistance would be serious concern to public health because it is difficult to treat infections by microbes exhibiting resistance against multiple antimicrobial agents. Despite, little is known about microbial communities exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance. Municipal wastewater acts as a source of antibiotic resistant microbes, which is released into stream water after treated by biological wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge. In this study, we explored bacterial communities exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Seoul. For this work, we selectively cultured (LB medium with ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline) multiple antibiotic resistant microbial communities, which had been collected from the influent, recycled active sludge and effluent of the WWTP, and then their 16S rRNA amplicons were high throughput-analyzed using titanium pyrosequencing. Although the bacterial communities are polymicrobial with no single dominated microbial phylum, the most ubiquitous and predominat phylum among the 3 samples are proteobacteria, acidobacteria, bacteriods and actinobacteria. In the multiple antibiotic resistant communities from the effluent, Haliscomenobacter, Klebsiella, Leptothrix, Propionivibrio, Prosthecobacter, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Victivallis were found to dominate.  Some of these genera Haliscomenobacter, Prosthecobacter and Victivallis are also present in the resistomes from the influent and activated sludge samples. The pyrosequensing results show which multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria were present in WWTP effluent, which is directly released into stream, and which multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria came from the source, influent wastewater.