GSE198075
Dynamic antagonism between key repressive pathways maintains the placental epigenome (MINUTE-ChIP)
DNA and Histone-3 Lysine 27 methylation typically function as repressive modifications and operate within distinct genomic compartments. In mammals, the majority of the genome is kept in a DNA methylated state, whereas the Polycomb Repressive Complexes regulate the CpG-rich promoters of developmental genes. In contrast to this general framework, the extraembryonic lineages display noncanonical, globally intermediate DNA methylation levels that includes disruption of local Polycomb domains. To better understand this unusual landscape's molecular properties, we genetically and chemically perturbed major epigenetic pathways in mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells (TSCs). We find that the extraembryonic epigenome reflects ongoing and dynamic de novo methyltransferase recruitment, which is continuously antagonized by Polycomb to maintain intermediate, locally disordered methylation. Despite its disorganized appearance, our data point to a highly controlled equilibrium between counteracting repressors within extraembryonic cells, one that can seemingly persist indefinitely without bistable features typically seen for embryonic forms of epigenetic regulation. Overall design: Profiling of H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1 in embryonic and trophoblast stem cells.