Pineapple stubble biomixture assessment for recalcitrant pesticide removal
Biopurification systems (BPS) are specialized biotechnological tools designed to remediate agricultural wastewater through enhanced pesticide biodegradation. However, their application in pineapple cultivation remains unreported, particularly for removing recalcitrant pesticides like neonicotinoids and triazoles. This study evaluated three BPS biomixtures using rice husk, coconut fiber, or pineapple stubble as lignocellulosic substrates, to remove imidacloprid, propiconazole, and triadimefon. Performance was assessed via LC-MS/MS pesticide quantification and ecotoxicological assays using Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa, Aliivibrio fischeri, and Folsomia candida. Additionally, 16S amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics characterized the microbial communities (prokaryotes, fungi, and protists) and quantified degradation genes for imidacloprid and triadimefon. The pineapple stubble biomixture was the most effective, exhibiting the highest removal rates and the lowest DT50 and DT90 values for all pesticides. This included triadimenol, a metabolite produced in all biomixtures, whose degradation occurred only in the rice husk and pineapple stubble matrices. This biomixture achieved detoxification in three of four bioindicators, supporting its on-farm potential. Furthermore, metagenomics revealed a distinct microbial community structure in the pineapple stubble matrix, where 11 of the 15 assessed degradation genes presented with higher abundances. Utilizing pineapple stubble in biobeds aligns with circular economy principles, offering a practical, locally sourced waste-management alternative for farmers. Ultimately, this study establishes a foundation for future research on pineapple stubble biomixtures, including on-farm implementation studies and assessments across different latitudes.
Biopurification systems (BPS) are specialized biotechnological tools designed to remediate agricultural wastewater through enhanced pesticide biodegradation. However, their application in pineapple cultivation remains unreported, particularly for removing recalcitrant pesticides like neonicotinoids and triazoles. This study evaluated three BPS biomixtures using rice husk, coconut fiber, or pineapple stubble as lignocellulosic substrates, to remove imidacloprid, propiconazole, and triadimefon. Performance was assessed via LC-MS/MS pesticide quantification and ecotoxicological assays using Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa, Aliivibrio fischeri, and Folsomia candida. Additionally, 16S amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics characterized the microbial communities (prokaryotes, fungi, and protists) and quantified degradation genes for imidacloprid and triadimefon. The pineapple stubble biomixture was the most effective, exhibiting the highest removal rates and the lowest DT50 and DT90 values for all pesticides. This included triadimenol, a metabolite produced in all biomixtures, whose degradation occurred only in the rice husk and pineapple stubble matrices. This biomixture achieved detoxification in three of four bioindicators, supporting its on-farm potential. Furthermore, metagenomics revealed a distinct microbial community structure in the pineapple stubble matrix, where 11 of the 15 assessed degradation genes presented with higher abundances. Utilizing pineapple stubble in biobeds aligns with circular economy principles, offering a practical, locally sourced waste-management alternative for farmers. Ultimately, this study establishes a foundation for future research on pineapple stubble biomixtures, including on-farm implementation studies and assessments across different latitudes.
University of Costa Rica