Salivary microbiome in patient with palmoplantar pustulosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
This study aimed to identify shared and distinct disease features in patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (with/without pustulotic arthro-osteitis [PAO]) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by evaluating salivary microbiome and cytokine profiles while controlling for key clinical confounders such as age, sex, smoking habits, and medication status; significantly, the findings demonstrate that despite sharing a functional microbial baseline with RA, PAO exhibits a unique oral anaerobic dysbiosis tightly coupled with systemic inflammation and distinct salivary cytokine signatures, thereby identifying specific oral taxa (such as Prevotella and Selenomonas) and cytokine patterns that effectively differentiate PAO from RA and highlighting novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets along the oral-systemic axis.