RNA-seq profiling of root development in Quercus robur
we identified auxin signaling as a central regulator during root development process. Notably, QrIAA14-1 was specifically expressed in root hair, near-root hair cells and root cap along root developmental trajectories, which was further supported by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization assays. Furthermore, the overexpression of QrIAA14-1 severely inhibited oak root formation, resulting in a 41.86% reduction in primary root length compared with wild-type plants, providing mechanistic insight into the limitations of root development in oak.